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Salotti I, Giorni P, Battilani P. Biology, ecology, and epidemiology of Alternaria species affecting tomato: ground information for the development of a predictive model. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1430965. [PMID: 39372854 PMCID: PMC11449719 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1430965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Among pathogens that affect tomato, Alternaria spp. are important due to their implications in yield losses and the contamination of tomato products by mycotoxins. In this study, a systematic literature review was conducted to retrieve and analyze available data on the Alternaria-tomato pathosystem, with particular attention focused on the main biological processes included in the pathogen life cycle and mycotoxin production. We considered 110 papers (selected from initial 2,138 papers) on five Alternaria species that were historically related or recently identified to cause damage to tomato leafage and fruits. Published mathematical models related to Alternaria diseases in tomato were also screened based on their aim and development methods, highlighting the wide use of empirical approach. Retrieved information was also evaluated for applications in building a mechanistic, weather-driven model that incorporates the key steps of the pathogen life cycle. This systematic review highlights several knowledge gaps, including the effect of wetness on infection and environmental requirements for mycotoxin production, and suggests paths for further research especially for recently isolated species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paola Battilani
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production (DI.PRO.VES.), Università Cattolica del
Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
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2
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Chang JM, Joye IJ. Improving agricultural sustainability - A review of strategies to valorize tomato plant residues (TPR). WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 190:88-101. [PMID: 39293127 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Considerations for the modification of agricultural practices and waste management to improve environmental sustainability remain a subject of great importance. Prioritization of intensive mass food production to meet the demand of an increasing human population has introduced a multitude of environmental issues due to, among other factors, the large volumes of waste output. Tomato production in greenhouses, for example, generates tonnes of bio-waste per hectare each harvest including green tomato plant residues (i.e., stems, leaves, branches). Giving value to these green tomato plant residues collected during the growing cycle and after harvest has not proven straightforward despite a massive yearly release of tonnes of carbon dioxide from stems and leaves disposed on landfills. This paper aims to summarize current research in tomato plant residue valorization and to identify considerations for future valorization strategies. Peer reviewed articles, scientific books and governmental, economic and statistical reports on the topic of tomato plant residues were collected and analyzed. Focuses included traditional valorization approaches, bio-refinement strategies and conversion of fiber-rich residues into high value packaging materials. Initiatives for sustainable agriculture, their market relevance, and the strengths and weaknesses of using tomato plant residues in these valorization approaches are discussed. Overall, it was concluded that valorization of tomato plant residues would be a highly integrative endeavor that would require coordination from multiple levels in the agricultural production chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Chang
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, N1G 2W1, Guelph, ON Canada.
| | - Iris J Joye
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, N1G 2W1, Guelph, ON Canada.
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Huerga-Fernández S, Detry N, Orman-Ligeza B, Bouché F, Hanikenne M, Périlleux C. JOINTLESS Maintains Inflorescence Meristem Identity in Tomato. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:1197-1211. [PMID: 38635460 PMCID: PMC11287206 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcae046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
JOINTLESS (J) was isolated in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) from mutants lacking a flower pedicel abscission zone (AZ) and encodes a MADS-box protein of the SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE/AGAMOUS-LIKE 24 subfamily. The loss of J function also causes the return to leaf initiation in the inflorescences, indicating a pivotal role in inflorescence meristem identity. Here, we compared jointless (j) mutants in different accessions that exhibit either an indeterminate shoot growth, producing regular sympodial segments, or a determinate shoot growth, due to the reduction of sympodial segments and causal mutation of the SELF-PRUNING (SP) gene. We observed that the inflorescence phenotype of j mutants is stronger in indeterminate (SP) accessions such as Ailsa Craig (AC), than in determinate (sp) ones, such as Heinz (Hz). Moreover, RNA-seq analysis revealed that the return to vegetative fate in j mutants is accompanied by expression of SP, which supports conversion of the inflorescence meristem to sympodial shoot meristem in j inflorescences. Other markers of vegetative meristems such as APETALA2c and branching genes such as BRANCHED 1 (BRC1a/b) were differentially expressed in the inflorescences of j(AC) mutant. We also found in the indeterminate AC accession that J represses homeotic genes of B- and C-classes and that its overexpression causes an oversized leafy calyx phenotype and has a dominant negative effect on AZ formation. A model is therefore proposed where J, by repressing shoot fate and influencing reproductive organ formation, acts as a key determinant of inflorescence meristems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Huerga-Fernández
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, InBioS—PhytoSYSTEMS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Liège, Chemin de la Vallée, 4, Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Detry
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, InBioS—PhytoSYSTEMS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Liège, Chemin de la Vallée, 4, Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - Beata Orman-Ligeza
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, InBioS—PhytoSYSTEMS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Liège, Chemin de la Vallée, 4, Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Bouché
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, InBioS—PhytoSYSTEMS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Liège, Chemin de la Vallée, 4, Liège B-4000, Belgium
- Laboratory of Plant Translational Biology, InBioS—PhytoSYSTEMS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Liège, Chemin de la Vallée, 4, Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - Marc Hanikenne
- Laboratory of Plant Translational Biology, InBioS—PhytoSYSTEMS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Liège, Chemin de la Vallée, 4, Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - Claire Périlleux
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, InBioS—PhytoSYSTEMS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Liège, Chemin de la Vallée, 4, Liège B-4000, Belgium
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4
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Ahmad A, Javad S, Iqbal S, Shahzadi K, Gatasheh MK, Javed T. Alleviation potential of green-synthesized selenium nanoparticles for cadmium stress in Solanum lycopersicum L: modulation of secondary metabolites and physiochemical attributes. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:113. [PMID: 38573519 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Selenium nanoparticles reduce cadmium absorption in tomato roots, mitigating heavy metal effects. SeNPs can efficiently help to enhance growth, yield, and biomolecule markers in cadmium-stressed tomato plants. In the present study, the effects of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were investigated on the tomato plants grown in cadmium-contaminated soil. Nanoparticles were synthesized using water extract of Nigella sativa and were characterized for their size and shape. Two application methods (foliar spray and soil drench) with nanoparticle concentrations of 0, 100, and 300 mg/L were used to observe their effects on cadmium-stressed plants. Growth, yield, biochemical, and stress parameters were studied. Results showed that SeNPs positively affected plant growth, mitigating the negative effects of cadmium stress. Shoot length (SL), root length (RL), number of branches (NB), number of leaves per plant (NL), and leaf area (LA) were significantly reduced by cadmium stress but enhanced by 45, 51, 506, 208, and 82%, respectively, by soil drench treatment of SeNPs. Similarly, SeNPs increased the fruit yield (> 100%) and fruit weight (> 100%), and decreased the days to fruit initiation in tomato plants. Pigments were also positively affected by the SeNPs, particularly in foliar treatment. Lycopene content was also enhanced by the addition of NPs (75%). Furthermore, the addition of SeNPs improved the ascorbic acid, protein, phenolic, flavonoid, and proline contents of the tomato plants under cadmium stress, whereas stress enzymes also showed enhanced activities under cadmium stress. It is concluded from the present study that the addition of selenium nanoparticles enhanced the growth and yield of Cd-stressed plants by reducing the absorption of cadmium and increasing the stress management of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ahmad
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Javad
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Sumera Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kiran Shahzadi
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mansour K Gatasheh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talha Javed
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
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Bao Z, Guo Y, Meng X, Shi C, Ouyang B, Qu X, Wang P. Microtubule-associated proteins MAP65-1 and SUN18/IQD26 coordinately regulate tomato fruit shape by affecting cell division. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:629-633. [PMID: 37933687 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Microtubule-associated proteins MAP65-1 and SUN18 function additively in fruit shape regulation by modulating cell division patterns but not changing cell morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiru Bao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ye Guo
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiangxu Meng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunmei Shi
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Bo Ouyang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaolu Qu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Pengwei Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
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6
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Chowdhury RH, Eti FS, Ahmed R, Gupta SD, Jhan PK, Islam T, Bhuiyan MAR, Rubel MH, Khayer A. Drought-responsive genes in tomato: meta-analysis of gene expression using machine learning. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19374. [PMID: 37938584 PMCID: PMC10632472 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45942-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants have diverse molecular mechanisms to protect themselves from biotic and abiotic stressors and adapt to changing environments. To uncover the genetic potential of plants, it is crucial to understand how they adapt to adverse conditions by analyzing their genomic data. We analyzed RNA-Seq data from different tomato genotypes, tissue types, and drought durations. We used a time series scale to identify early and late drought-responsive gene modules and applied a machine learning method to identify the best responsive genes to drought. We demonstrated six candidate genes of tomato viz. Fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein 2 (FLA2), Amino acid transporter family protein (ASCT), Arginine decarboxylase 1 (ADC1), Protein NRT1/PTR family 7.3 (NPF7.3), BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 5 (BAG5) and Dicer-like 2b (DCL2b) were responsive to drought. We constructed gene association networks to identify their potential interactors and found them drought-responsive. The identified candidate genes can help to explore the adaptation of tomato plants to drought. Furthermore, these candidate genes can have far-reaching implications for molecular breeding and genome editing in tomatoes, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms that underlie drought adaptation. This research underscores the importance of the genetic basis of plant adaptation, particularly in changing climates and growing populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabiul Haq Chowdhury
- Department of Agriculture, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Fatiha Sultana Eti
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 5, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rayhan Ahmed
- Department of Agriculture, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Shipan Das Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Pijush Kanti Jhan
- Department of Agriculture, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Tofazzal Islam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Md Atiqur Rahman Bhuiyan
- Department of Agriculture, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Mehede Hassan Rubel
- Department of Agriculture, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, 3814, Bangladesh.
| | - Abul Khayer
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 5, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
- Computomics GmbH, Eisenbahnstr. 1, 72072, Tübingen, Germany.
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7
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Coyago-Cruz E, Moya M, Méndez G, Villacís M, Rojas-Silva P, Corell M, Mapelli-Brahm P, Vicario IM, Meléndez-Martínez AJ. Exploring Plants with Flowers: From Therapeutic Nutritional Benefits to Innovative Sustainable Uses. Foods 2023; 12:4066. [PMID: 38002124 PMCID: PMC10671036 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Flowers have played a significant role in society, focusing on their aesthetic value rather than their food potential. This study's goal was to look into flowering plants for everything from health benefits to other possible applications. This review presents detailed information on 119 species of flowers with agri-food and health relevance. Data were collected on their family, species, common name, commonly used plant part, bioremediation applications, main chemical compounds, medicinal and gastronomic uses, and concentration of bioactive compounds such as carotenoids and phenolic compounds. In this respect, 87% of the floral species studied contain some toxic compounds, sometimes making them inedible, but specific molecules from these species have been used in medicine. Seventy-six percent can be consumed in low doses by infusion. In addition, 97% of the species studied are reported to have medicinal uses (32% immune system), and 63% could be used in the bioremediation of contaminated environments. Significantly, more than 50% of the species were only analysed for total concentrations of carotenoids and phenolic compounds, indicating a significant gap in identifying specific molecules of these bioactive compounds. These potential sources of bioactive compounds could transform the health and nutraceutical industries, offering innovative approaches to combat oxidative stress and promote optimal well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Coyago-Cruz
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Girón, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170143, Ecuador
| | - Melany Moya
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Carrera de Obstetricia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Iquique, Luis Sodiro N14-121, Quito 170146, Ecuador
| | - Gabriela Méndez
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Girón, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170143, Ecuador
| | - Michael Villacís
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Girón, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170143, Ecuador
| | - Patricio Rojas-Silva
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - Mireia Corell
- Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad de Sevilla, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Unidad Asociada al CSIC de Uso Sostenible del Suelo y el Agua en la Agricultura (US-IRNAS), Crta. de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Paula Mapelli-Brahm
- Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain (A.J.M.-M.)
| | - Isabel M. Vicario
- Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain (A.J.M.-M.)
| | - Antonio J. Meléndez-Martínez
- Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain (A.J.M.-M.)
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Zhao Z, Wang S, Dong Z, Fan Q, Lei R, Kuang R, Zhang Y. One-Step Reverse-Transcription Recombinase-Aided Amplification CRISPR/Cas12a-Based Lateral Flow Assay for Fast Field Screening and Accurate Differentiation of Four Major Tobamoviruses Infecting Tomato and Pepper. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37916776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Several tobamoviruses cause substantial economic losses to tomato and pepper crops globally, especially the pepper mild mosaic virus (PMMoV), tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), and tomato mottle mosaic virus (ToMMV). A fast and accurate detection method is essential for virus identification. An all-in-one reaction method combining a one-step reverse-transcription recombinase-aided amplification (RT-RAA) and CRISPR/Cas12a-based lateral flow assay in one mixture was developed to rapidly screen and accurately differentiate among these four tobamoviruses for field detection in tomato and pepper plants. With a generic RT-RAA primer set and a mix of four specific crRNAs, along with a portable metal incubator and the use of a crude extraction method, this method screened for PMMoV, ToBRFV, ToMV, and ToMMV concurrently in less than 1 h, enabling field workers to take action immediately. The accurate differentiation of these four viruses could be achieved by later adding a single specific crRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Zhao
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Qixuan Fan
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management-MOA, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Rong Lei
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Ruirui Kuang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management-MOA, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Yongjiang Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
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Troussieux S, Gilgen A, Souche JL. Fighting Tomato Fungal Diseases with a Biocontrol Product Based on Amoeba Lysate. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3603. [PMID: 37896066 PMCID: PMC10609735 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
New solutions to reduce the use of chemical pesticides to combat plant diseases and to meet societal and political demands are needed to achieve sustainable agriculture. Tomato production, both in greenhouses and in open fields, is affected by numerous pathogens. The aim of this study is to assess the possibility of controlling both late blight and powdery mildew in tomatoes with a single biocontrol product currently under registration. The biocontrol product AXP12, based on the lysate of Willaertia magna C2c Maky, has already proved its efficacy against downy mildew of grapevine and potato late blight. Its ability to elicit tomato defenses and its efficacy in the greenhouse and in the field were tested. This study establishes that AXP12 stimulates the tomato genes involved in plant defense pathways and has the capacity to combat in greenhouse and field both late blight (Phytophtora infestans) and powdery mildew (Oidium neolycopersici and Leveillula taurica) of tomato.
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10
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Naeem M, Zhao W, Ahmad N, Zhao L. Beyond green and red: unlocking the genetic orchestration of tomato fruit color and pigmentation. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:243. [PMID: 37453947 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01162-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Fruit color is a genetic trait and a key factor for consumer acceptability and is therefore receiving increasing importance in several breeding programs. Plant pigments offer plants with a variety of colored organs that attract animals for pollination, favoring seed dispersers and conservation of species. The pigments inside plant cells not only play a light-harvesting role but also provide protection against light damage and exhibit nutritional and ecological value for health and visual pleasure in humans. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a leading vegetable crop; its fruit color formation is associated with the accumulation of several natural pigments, which include carotenoids in the pericarp, flavonoids in the peel, as well as the breakdown of chlorophyll during fruit ripening. To improve tomato fruit quality, several techniques, such as genetic engineering and genome editing, have been used to alter fruit color and regulate the accumulation of secondary metabolites in related pathways. Recently, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-based systems have been extensively used for genome editing in many crops, including tomatoes, and promising results have been achieved using modified CRISPR systems, including CAS9 (CRISPR/CRISPR-associated-protein) and CRISPR/Cas12a systems. These advanced tools in biotechnology and whole genome sequencing of various tomato species will certainly advance the breeding of tomato fruit color with a high degree of precision. Here, we attempt to summarize the current advancement and effective application of genetic engineering techniques that provide further flexibility for fruit color formation. Furthermore, we have also discussed the challenges and opportunities of genetic engineering and genome editing to improve tomato fruit color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Weihua Zhao
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Naveed Ahmad
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lingxia Zhao
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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11
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Yamamoto A, Seki M, Koseki K, Yabuta Y, Shimizu K, Arima J, Watanabe F, Bito T. Production and characterization of cyanocobalamin-enriched tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruits grown using hydroponics. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:3685-3690. [PMID: 36321533 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin B12 is an essential vitamin that is absent in plant-derived foods such as fruits and vegetables. This can result in an increased risk of developing vitamin B12 deficiency in strict vegetarians (vegans). There are several studies that have aimed to enhance nutrients in food crops. The purpose of the present study was to fortify tomato fruits with vitamin B12 (or cyanocobalamin). RESULTS Tomato plants were grown for 70 days in hydroponic culture pots and treated with 5 μm of cyanocobalamin on days 1-24 after the fruiting, and then harvested for tomato fruits. The ripened tomato fruits contained 4.0 × 10-7 g of cyanocobalamin per 100 g of dry weight and showed a significant increase in glucose and lycopene levels. CONCLUSION The present study highlights the use of a cyanocobalamin-supplementation system for the production of B12 fortified tomato fruits that can help prevent B12 deficiency in vegetarians. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoi Yamamoto
- Department of Agricultural Science, Graduate School of Sustainability Science, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Mahiro Seki
- Department of Agricultural Science, Graduate School of Sustainability Science, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Kyohei Koseki
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences and Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yukinori Yabuta
- Department of Agricultural Science, Graduate School of Sustainability Science, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences and Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Shimizu
- Platform for Community-based Research and Education, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Jiro Arima
- Department of Agricultural Science, Graduate School of Sustainability Science, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences and Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Fumio Watanabe
- Department of Agricultural Science, Graduate School of Sustainability Science, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences and Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Bito
- Department of Agricultural Science, Graduate School of Sustainability Science, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences and Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
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12
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Sun Y, Jia X, Chen D, Fu Q, Chen J, Yang W, Yang H, Xu X. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Cysteine-Rich Polycomb-like Protein (CPP) Gene Family in Tomato. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065762. [PMID: 36982833 PMCID: PMC10058331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The cysteine-rich polycomb-like protein (CPP) gene family is a class of transcription factors containing conserved cysteine-rich CRC structural domains that is involved in the regulation of plant growth and stress tolerance to adversity. Relative to other gene families, the CPP gene family has not received sufficient attention. In this study, six SlCPPs were identified for the first time using the most recent genome-wide identification data of tomato. Subsequently, a phylogenetic analysis classified SlCPPs into four subfamilies. The analysis of cis-acting elements in the promoter indicates that SlCPPs are involved in plant growth and development and also stress response. We present for the first time the prediction of the tertiary structure of these SlCPPs proteins using the AlphaFold2 artificial intelligence system developed by the DeepMind team. Transcriptome data analysis showed that SlCPPs were differentially expressed in different tissues. Gene expression profiling showed that all SlCPPs except SlCPP5 were up-regulated under drought stress; SlCPP2, SlCPP3 and SlCPP4 were up-regulated under cold stress; SlCPP2 and SlCPP5 were up-regulated under salt stress; all SlCPPs were up-regulated under inoculation with Cladosporium fulvum; and SlCPP1, SlCPP3, and SlCPP4 were up-regulated under inoculation with Stemphylium lycopersici. We performed a virus-induced gene silencing experiment on SlCPP3, and the results indicated that SlCPP3 was involved in the response to drought stress. Finally, we predicted the interaction network of the key gene SlCPP3, and there was an interaction relationship between SlCPP3 and 10 genes, such as RBR1 and MSI1. The positive outcome showed that SlCPPs responded to environmental stress. This study provides a theoretical and empirical basis for the response mechanisms of tomato in abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoguang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xinyi Jia
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Dexia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qingjun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jinxiu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wenhui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Huanhuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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13
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Salazar-Mendoza P, Magalhães DM, Lourenção AL, Bento JMS. Differential defensive and nutritional traits among cultivated tomato and its wild relatives shape their interactions with a specialist herbivore. PLANTA 2023; 257:76. [PMID: 36894799 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04108-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated tomato presented lower constitutive volatiles, reduced morphological and chemical defenses, and increased leaf nutritional quality that affect its resistance against the specialist herbivore Tuta absoluta compared to its wild relatives. Plant domestication process has selected desirable agronomic attributes that can both intentionally and unintentionally compromise other important traits, such as plant defense and nutritional value. However, the effect of domestication on defensive and nutritional traits of plant organs not exposed to selection and the consequent interactions with specialist herbivores are only partly known. Here, we hypothesized that the modern cultivated tomato has reduced levels of constitutive defense and increased levels of nutritional value compared with its wild relatives, and such differences affect the preference and performance of the South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta-an insect pest that co-evolved with tomato. To test this hypothesis, we compared plant volatile emissions, leaf defensive (glandular and non-glandular trichome density, and total phenolic content), and nutritional traits (nitrogen content) among the cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum and its wild relatives S. pennellii and S. habrochaites. We also determined the attraction and ovipositional preference of female moths and larval performance on cultivated and wild tomatoes. Volatile emissions were qualitatively and quantitatively different among the cultivated and wild species. Glandular trichomes density and total phenolics were lower in S. lycopersicum. In contrast, this species had a greater non-glandular trichome density and leaf nitrogen content. Female moths were more attracted and consistently laid more eggs on the cultivated S. lycopersicum. Larvae fed on S. lycopersicum leaves had a better performance reaching shorter larval developmental times and increasing the pupal weight compared to those fed on wild tomatoes. Overall, our study documents that agronomic selection for increased yields has altered the defensive and nutritional traits in tomato plants, affecting their resistance to T. absoluta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Salazar-Mendoza
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil.
| | - Diego M Magalhães
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - André L Lourenção
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - José Maurício S Bento
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
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14
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Nakayama H, Ichihashi Y, Kimura S. Diversity of tomato leaf form provides novel insights into breeding. BREEDING SCIENCE 2023; 73:76-85. [PMID: 37168814 PMCID: PMC10165341 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is cultivated widely globally. The crop exhibits tremendous morphological variations because of its long breeding history. Apart from the commercial tomato varieties, wild species and heirlooms are grown in certain regions of the world. Since the fruit constitutes the edible part, much of the agronomical research is focused on it. However, recent studies have indicated that leaf morphology influences fruit quality. As leaves are specialized photosynthetic organs and the vascular systems transport the photosynthetic products to sink organs, the architectural characteristics of the leaves have a strong influence on the final fruit quality. Therefore, comprehensive research focusing on both the fruit and leaf morphology is required for further tomato breeding. This review summarizes an overview of knowledge of the basic tomato leaf development, morphological diversification, and molecular mechanisms behind them and emphasizes its importance in breeding. Finally, we discuss how these findings and knowledge can be applied to future tomato breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hokuto Nakayama
- Graduate School of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Science Build. #2, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A.
- Corresponding author (e-mail: )
| | | | - Seisuke Kimura
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
- Center for Plant Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
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15
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Schiavi D, Ronchetti R, Di Lorenzo V, Vivani R, Giovagnoli S, Camaioni E, Balestra GM. Sustainable Protocols for Cellulose Nanocrystals Synthesis from Tomato Waste and Their Antimicrobial Properties against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12040939. [PMID: 36840287 PMCID: PMC9963933 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is rapidly gaining ground in crop protection, with the growing quest for sustainable nanopesticides and nanocarriers for plant pathogen management. Among them, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are emerging as innovative agrofood-waste-derived antimicrobial materials. In this work, new chemical and enzymatic CNC extraction methods from tomato harvest residues were evaluated. The obtained nanomaterials were characterized and tested for their antimicrobial properties on Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pto), the causal agent of bacterial speck disease on tomato. Both protocols were efficient. The enzymatic extraction method was greener, producing purer CNC at slightly lower yield. The obtained CNC, although they weakly inhibited cell growth and did not promote reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, provoked bacterial aggregation and the inhibition of biofilm production and swimming motility. Both protocols produced CNC with similar morpho-chemical features, as well as promising antimicrobial activity against plant bacterial pathogens, suggesting their potential role in sustainable crop protection strategies. The new protocols could be a valuable alternative to conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Schiavi
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ronchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DSF), University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Veronica Di Lorenzo
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Vivani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DSF), University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Giovagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DSF), University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Emidio Camaioni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DSF), University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giorgio M. Balestra
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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16
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Jung H, Shin S. Association between Tomato and Lycopene Consumption and Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study Cohort. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200452. [PMID: 36583486 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Tomato has well-known beneficial health effects and is an important source of lycopene. The study aims to clarify the evidence for the association between tomato and lycopene consumption and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Korean adults. METHODS AND RESULTS Data analyzed in the current study are obtained from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study Cohort. Mortality outcomes are determined based on death records from 2001 to 2020. Tomato and lycopene consumption is assessed using food frequency questionnaires and antioxidant databases and divided into quintiles. Over a mean follow-up of 11.5 years, 5863 deaths are recorded among 139913 participants aged over 40 years. Tomato consumption is not associated with the risk of all-cause and cancer mortality. However, the highest tomato consumption group has a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality (HR = 0.779; 95% CI = 0.633, 0.957). Lycopene consumption is inversely associated with all-cause (HR = 0.872; 95% CI = 0.801, 0.950), and CVD (HR = 0.680; 95% CI = 0.548, 0.845) mortality. CONCLUSION A higher intake of tomatoes and lycopene is inversely related to the risk of CVD mortality, and lycopene consumption is associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyein Jung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, South Korea
| | - Sangah Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, South Korea
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17
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Lafrance R, Valdez-Torres JB, Villicaña C, García-Estrada RS, Esparza-Araiza MJ, León-Félix J. Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Multiplex-PCR Protocols for Detection of TYLCV, TSWV and Fol Molecular Markers: Analytical Performance Evaluation. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020337. [PMID: 36833262 PMCID: PMC9956084 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular markers linked to disease resistance genes which affect economically important crops are of great interest. In the case of tomato, a major focus on resistance breeding to multiple fungal and viral pathogens such as Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol), have led to the introgression of several resistance genes; therefore, molecular markers have become important in molecular-assisted selection (MAS) of tomato varieties resistant to those pathogens. However, assays that allow simultaneous evaluation of resistant genotypes, such as multiplex PCR, need to be optimized and evaluated to demonstrate their analytical performance, as many factors can affect them. This work aimed to generate multiplex PCR protocols for the joint detection of the molecular markers associated with pathogen resistance genes in tomato plants that are sensitive, specific and repeatable. For the optimization a central composite design of a response surface methodology (RSM-CCD) was used. For analytical performance evaluation, specificity/selectivity and sensibility (limit of detection and dynamic range) were analyzed. Two protocols were optimized: the first one with a desirability of 1.00, contained two markers (At-2 and P7-43) linked to I- and I-3-resistant genes. The second one with a desirability of 0.99, contained markers (SSR-67, SW5 and P6-25) linked to I-, Sw-5-, and Ty-3-resistant genes. For protocol 1, all the commercial hybrids (7/7) were resistant to Fol, and for protocol 2, two hybrids were resistant to Fol, one to TSWV and one to TYLCV with good analytical performance. In both protocols, the varieties considered susceptible to the pathogens, no-amplicon or susceptible amplicons, were observed. The optimized multiplex PCR protocols showed dynamic ranges from 5.97 up to 161.3 ng DNA. The limit of detection was 17.92 ng and 53.76 ng DNA for protocols 1 and 2, respectively, giving 100% positive results in the test replicates. This method allowed to develop optimized multiplex PCR protocols with few assays which translates into less time and resources, without sacrificing method performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richecarde Lafrance
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A.C., Culiacán 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | | | - Claudia Villicaña
- CONACYT-Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Culiacán 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | | | - Mayra Janeth Esparza-Araiza
- Centro de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología Agropecuaria de Sinaloa- Fundación Produce Sinaloa, A.C., Aguaruto 80308, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Josefina León-Félix
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A.C., Culiacán 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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18
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Pesticide Residues and Unauthorized Dyes as Adulteration Markers in Chilli Pepper and Tomato. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2023; 2023:5337150. [PMID: 36684413 PMCID: PMC9859701 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5337150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
To assess the contamination of processed chilli pepper and tomatoes, a report over the past four decades since the establishment of the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) was retrieved and analysed. Out of the 887 notification reports assessed for eligibility, 446 were found regarding chilli pepper and tomato contamination. This study identified India as the country of origin with the highest number of reported cases relating to chilli pepper contamination. Italy and Türkiye were the countries with the highest number of reported cases regarding the exportation of adulterated tomatoes to other countries according to the RASFF report. Unauthorized dyes such as Sudan I, III, IV, orange II, rhodamine B, and para red were reported to have been detected in either chilli pepper or tomato in the supply chain. Almost all unauthorized dyes in this study were found to be more than the range (0.5 to 1 mg/kg) of the detection limit of Sudan dye and other related dyes using analytical methods set by the European Union. Unapproved pesticides by the European Union (EU) found in this study were acetamiprid, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, methomyl, monocrotophos, omethoate, oxamyl, and thiophanate methyl. The present study indicates the persistence of chilli pepper and tomato contamination with harmful dyes and pesticide residues despite the ban on the use of certain chemicals in the food chain.
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19
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Marmiroli M, Mussi F, Gallo V, Gianoncelli A, Hartley W, Marmiroli N. Combination of Biochemical, Molecular, and Synchrotron-Radiation-Based Techniques to Study the Effects of Silicon in Tomato ( Solanum Lycopersicum L.). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15837. [PMID: 36555489 PMCID: PMC9785873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The work focused on the analysis of two cultivars of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), Aragon and Gladis, under two different treatments of silicon, Low, 2 L of 0.1 mM CaSiO3, and High, 0.5 mM CaSiO3, weekly, for 8 weeks, under stress-free conditions. We subsequently analyzed the morphology, chemical composition, and elemental distribution using synchrotron-based µ-XRF techniques, physiological, and molecular aspects of the response of the two cultivars. The scope of the study was to highlight any significant response of the plants to the Si treatments, in comparison with any response to Si of plants under stress. The results demonstrated that the response was mainly cultivar-dependent, also at the level of mitochondrial-dependent oxidative stress, and that it did not differ from the two conditions of treatments. With Si deposited mainly in the cell walls of the cells of fruits, leaves, and roots, the treatments did not elicit many significant changes from the point of view of the total elemental content, the physiological parameters that measured the oxidative stress, and the transcriptomic analyses focalized on genes related to the response to Si. We observed a priming effect of the treatment on the most responsive cultivar, Aragon, in respect to future stress, while in Gladis the Si treatment did not significantly change the measured parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Marmiroli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 33/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- The Italian National Interuniversity Consortium for Environmental Sciences (CINSA), Parco Area delle Scienze 93/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Mussi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 33/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Valentina Gallo
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 33/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gianoncelli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14—km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - William Hartley
- Agriculture and Environment, Harper Adams University, Newport B5062, UK
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- The Italian National Interuniversity Consortium for Environmental Sciences (CINSA), Parco Area delle Scienze 93/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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20
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Tagiakas RI, Avdikos ID, Goula A, Koutis K, Nianiou-Obeidat I, Mavromatis AG. Characterization and evaluation of Greek tomato landraces for productivity and fruit quality traits related to sustainable low-input farming systems. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:994530. [PMID: 36578333 PMCID: PMC9791058 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.994530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tomato is one of the most important horticultural species all over the world, having high level of consumption and employing many people, both in the primary sector (farmers) and in the secondary sector (traders, seed companies and processors). Nowadays, the use of commercial tomato F1 hybrids tends to prevail because of high yield potential and homogeneity of fruits which are often characterized by lack of quality and sensory characteristics. In contrast, tomato landraces have outstanding quality traits, such as high concentration of antioxidants and organoleptic compounds, as well as often include desirable genes in their genome for adaptability, plasticity, response to low-input conditions, and high fruit nutritional value. Thus, they are appropriate material in the use of sustainable agricultural management systems or as gene donors for the development of new type of tomato cultivars suitable for low-input farming systems. The present experimental study refers to 22 Greek tomato landraces and two commercial cultivars (cv. Macedonia and the F1 hybrid Formula) used as controls, which were characterized by phenotypical markers and evaluated under low-input sustainable farming conditions. Specifically, during this research, measurements were taken regarding yield potential (early production, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, total yield) and fruit quality traits, such as physicochemical characteristics (pH, acidity, and soluble solid components - Brixο) also according to nutritional value (content of ascorbic acid, lycopene, total carotenoids, and total phenolics) of tomato fruits. In the most promising landraces (cv. Milo Chalkidiki, cv. Eratiras, cv. Lotos, cv. Aspros lotos, cv. Pantaroza, cv. Karabola and cv. Kardia Vodiou), having comparable yield and fruit quality traits with commercial cultivars, intrapopulation "Pure line selection" method, under low-input farming conditions was applied for two years. Following this approach, we succeed to determine the level of yield potential and provide information for the nutritive value and utilization of typical tomato landraces, improving their yield and fruit quality traits, following a mild intrapopulation selection under low-input farming conditions. This data pipeline is expected to be of interest for organic farmers and processors of high nutritive tomato products, with low carbon footprint for the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. I. Tagiakas
- Aristotle University, Lab of Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - I. D. Avdikos
- International Hellenic University, Lab of Horticulture, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A. Goula
- Aristotle University, Lab of Food Engineering and Processing, School of Agriculture, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - K. Koutis
- Aegilops, Network for Biodiversity, Volos, Greece
| | - Irini Nianiou-Obeidat
- Aristotle University, Lab of Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A. G. Mavromatis
- Aristotle University, Lab of Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Thessaloniki, Greece
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21
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Li R, Maioli A, Yan Z, Bai Y, Valentino D, Milani AM, Pompili V, Comino C, Lanteri S, Moglia A, Acquadro A. CRISPR/Cas9-Based Knock-Out of the PMR4 Gene Reduces Susceptibility to Late Blight in Two Tomato Cultivars. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314542. [PMID: 36498869 PMCID: PMC9735651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight (LB) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), is a devastating disease and a serious concern for plant productivity. The presence of susceptibility (S) genes in plants facilitates pathogen proliferation; thus, disabling these genes may help provide a broad-spectrum and durable type of tolerance/resistance. Previous studies on Arabidopsis and tomato have highlighted that knock-out mutants of the PMR4 susceptibility gene are tolerant to powdery mildew. Moreover, PMR4 knock-down in potato has been shown to confer tolerance to LB. To verify the same effect in tomato in the present study, a CRISPR-Cas9 vector containing four single guide RNAs (sgRNAs: sgRNA1, sgRNA6, sgRNA7, and sgRNA8), targeting as many SlPMR4 regions, was introduced via Agrobacterium-tumefaciens-mediated transformation into two widely grown Italian tomato cultivars: 'San Marzano' (SM) and 'Oxheart' (OX). Thirty-five plants (twenty-six SM and nine OX) were selected and screened to identify the CRISPR/Cas9-induced mutations. The different sgRNAs caused mutation frequencies ranging from 22.1 to 100% and alternatively precise insertions (sgRNA6) or deletions (sgRNA7, sgRNA1, and sgRNA8). Notably, sgRNA7 induced in seven SM genotypes a -7 bp deletion in the homozygous status, whereas sgRNA8 led to the production of fifteen SM genotypes with a biallelic mutation (-7 bp and -2 bp). Selected edited lines were inoculated with P. infestans, and four of them, fully knocked out at the PMR4 locus, showed reduced disease symptoms (reduction in susceptibility from 55 to 80%) compared to control plants. The four SM lines were sequenced using Illumina whole-genome sequencing for deeper characterization without exhibiting any evidence of mutations in the candidate off-target regions. Our results showed, for the first time, a reduced susceptibility to Phytophtora infestans in pmr4 tomato mutants confirming the role of KO PMR4 in providing broad-spectrum protection against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiling Li
- Plant Genetics and Breeding, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Science (DISAFA), University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Alex Maioli
- Plant Genetics and Breeding, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Science (DISAFA), University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Zhe Yan
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yuling Bai
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Danila Valentino
- Plant Genetics and Breeding, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Science (DISAFA), University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Milani
- Plant Genetics and Breeding, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Science (DISAFA), University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Valerio Pompili
- Plant Genetics and Breeding, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Science (DISAFA), University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Cinzia Comino
- Plant Genetics and Breeding, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Science (DISAFA), University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Sergio Lanteri
- Plant Genetics and Breeding, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Science (DISAFA), University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Andrea Moglia
- Plant Genetics and Breeding, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Science (DISAFA), University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Alberto Acquadro
- Plant Genetics and Breeding, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Science (DISAFA), University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
- Correspondence:
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22
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Application of Exogenous Silicon for Alleviating Photosynthetic Inhibition in Tomato Seedlings under Low−Calcium Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113526. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To address the low Ca−induced growth inhibition of tomato plants, the mitigation effect of exogenous Si on tomato seedlings under low−Ca stress was investigated using different application methods. We specifically analyzed the effects of root application or foliar spraying of 1 mM Si on growth conditions, leaf photosynthetic properties, stomatal status, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, ATP activity and content, Calvin cycle−related enzymatic activity, and gene expression in tomato seedlings under low vs. adequate calcium conditions. We found that the low−Ca environment significantly affected (reduced) these parameters, resulting in growth limitation. Surprisingly, the application of 1 mM Si significantly increased plant height, stem diameter, and biomass accumulation, protected photosynthetic pigments, improved gas exchange, promoted ATP production, enhanced the activity of Calvin cycle key enzymes and expression of related genes, and ensured efficient photosynthesis to occur in plants under low−Ca conditions. Interestingly, when the same amount of Si was applied, the beneficial effects of Si were more pronounced under low−Ca conditions that under adequate Ca. We speculate that Si might promote the absorption and transport of calcium in plants. The effects of Si also differed depending on the application method; foliar spraying was better in alleviating photosynthetic inhibition in plants under low−Ca stress, whereas root application of Si significantly promoted root growth and development. Enhancing the photosynthetic capacity by foliar Si application is an effective strategy for ameliorating the growth inhibition of plants under low−Ca stress.
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23
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Patulin in tomatoes and the inhibitory capacity of their phenolic extracts against Penicillium expansum. Food Res Int 2022; 162:112085. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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24
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Cao P, Zhan C, Yin J, Gong S, Ma D, Li Y. Genome-wide identification of long intergenic non-coding RNAs for Ralstonia solanacearum resistance in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:981281. [PMID: 36186038 PMCID: PMC9523475 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.981281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidences indicating that long intergenic ncRNAs (lincRNAs) play key roles in plant development and stress responses. To research tomato lincRNA functions during the interaction between tomato and Ralstonia solanacearum, RNA-seq data of tomato plants inoculated with R. solanacearum was analyzed. In this study, 315 possible lincRNAs were identified from RNA-seq data. Then 23 differentially expressed lincRNAs between tomato plants inoculated with R. solanacearum and control were identified and a total of 171 possible target genes for these differentially expressed lincRNAs were predicted. Through GO and KEGG analysis, we found that lincRNA might be involved in jasmonic acid and ethylene signaling pathways to respond to tomato bacterial wilt infection. Furthermore, lincRNA may also be involved in regulating the expression of AGO protein. Subsequently, analysis of expression patterns between differentially expressed lincRNAs and adjacent mRNAs by qRT-PCR revealed that part of lincRNAs and their possible target genes exhibited positive correlation. Taken together, these results suggest that lincRNAs play potential roles in tomato against R. solanacearum infection and will provide fundamental information about the lincRNA-based plant defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peina Cao
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Chuang Zhan
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Junliang Yin
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Shuangjun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture/Hubei Province Key Laboratory for Control of Crop Diseases, Pest and Weeds/Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongfang Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture/Hubei Province Key Laboratory for Control of Crop Diseases, Pest and Weeds/Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture/Hubei Province Key Laboratory for Control of Crop Diseases, Pest and Weeds/Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
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25
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Yuan J, Liu Y, Wang Z, Lei T, Hu Y, Zhang L, Yuan M, Wang J, Li Y. Genome-Wide Analysis of the NAC Family Associated with Two Paleohexaploidization Events in the Tomato. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1236. [PMID: 36013415 PMCID: PMC9410287 DOI: 10.3390/life12081236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
NAC transcription factors play an important regulatory role in tomato fruit ripening. We chose a novel perspective to explore the traces left by two paleopolyploidizations in the NAC family using a bioinformatics approach. We found that 85 (S. lycopersicum) and 88 (S. pennellii) members of the NAC family were present in two tomatoes, and most of them were amplified from two paleohexaploidizations. We differentiated NAC family members from the different paleohexaploidizations and found that the SWGT-derived NAC genes had more rearrangement events, so it was different from the DWGT-derived NAC genes in terms of physicochemical properties, phylogeny, and gene location. The results of selection pressure show that DWGT-derived NAC genes tended to be positively selected in S. lycopersicum and negatively selected in S. pennellii. A comprehensive analysis of paleopolyploidization and expression reveals that DWGT-derived NAC genes tend to promote fruit ripening, and are expressed at the early and middle stages, whereas SWGT-derived NAC genes tend to terminate fruit growth and are expressed at the late stages of fruit ripening. This study obtained NAC genes from different sources that can be used as materials for tomato fruit development, and the method in the study can be extended to the study of other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Yuan
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Zhenyi Wang
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Tianyu Lei
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanfang Hu
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Min Yuan
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuxian Li
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
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26
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Quispe-Choque G, Rojas-Ledezma S, Maydana-Marca A. Diversidad morfológica de fruto de una colección de tomate ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) mediante fenotipado basado en imágenes digitales. JOURNAL OF THE SELVA ANDINA RESEARCH SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.36610/j.jsars.2022.130200051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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27
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Quispe-Choque G, Rojas-Ledezma S, Maydana-Marca A. Morphological diversity determination of the tomato fruit collection ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) by phenotyping based on digital images. JOURNAL OF THE SELVA ANDINA RESEARCH SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.36610/j.jsars.2022.130200051x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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28
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Lin LJ, Zeng J, Tian QM, Ding XQ, Zhang XY, Gao XY. Effect of the bacterial community on the volatile flavour profile of a Chinese fermented condiment – Red sour soup – During fermentation. Food Res Int 2022; 155:111059. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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29
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Tomato Defense against Whiteflies under Drought Stress: Non-Additive Effects and Cultivar-Specific Responses. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11081049. [PMID: 35448777 PMCID: PMC9030952 DOI: 10.3390/plants11081049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two of the main causes of losses in tomato production are the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), and drought, which is becoming a central problem in agriculture due to global climate change. The separate effects of whitefly infestation and drought have been amply studied in many crop systems. However, less is known about their combined effects. To evaluate whether drought stress (DS) affects plant defense against whiteflies, we assessed the joint effects of whitefly infestation and DS on plant vegetative and reproductive performance in four tomato cultivars, and assessed the effects of DS on plant resistance and tolerance (compensatory ability) to whiteflies in a greenhouse experiment. Generally, we found negative effects of DS and whiteflies on plant performance, but the combined effects of DS and herbivory were not worse than those of either stress alone. In fact, plant performance under the combined effect of both stresses was usually similar to that in the presence of whiteflies without DS. Plants growing under DS had greater trichome density. However, plant resistance—as measured by whitefly population growth—decreased under DS in two cultivars and was unaffected in the other two. Compensatory ability decreased under DS in all but one cultivar. These cultivar-specific responses suggest genetic variation in resistance and tolerance to whiteflies and could be associated with differences in drought tolerance among cultivars. Our findings underscore the difficulty in predicting the combined effects of DS and herbivory and point to the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant responses to both stresses at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels.
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30
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Daphnee Ngameni Tchonkouang R, Dulce Carlos Antunes M, Margarida Cortês Vieira M. Potential of Carotenoids from Fresh Tomatoes and Their Availability in Processed Tomato-Based Products. Physiology (Bethesda) 2022. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.103933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The high consumption of tomatoes worldwide has made them an essential source of health-promoting carotenoids that prevent a variety of chronic degenerative diseases, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease. Tomatoes are available year-round, consumed fresh, and used as a raw material for the production of many processed products, such as juices, pastes, and purees. A plethora of carotenoids has been characterized in tomatoes. Most of the relevant carotenoids in the human bloodstream are supplied by fresh and processed tomatoes. Lycopene is the predominant carotenoid in tomato and tomato-based food products. Other carotenoids such as α-, β-, γ- and ξ-carotene, phytoene, phytofluene, neurosporene, and lutein are present in tomatoes and related products. There is a growing body of evidence that these bioactive compounds possess beneficial properties, namely anticarcinogenic, cardioprotective, and hepatoprotective effects among other health benefits, due to their antioxidant, anti-mutagenic, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-atherogenic properties. This chapter analyzes the carotenoid composition of tomatoes and their based products as major contributors to the chronic disease-preventive properties.
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31
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Endophytic PGPR from Tomato Roots: Isolation, In Vitro Characterization and In Vivo Evaluation of Treated Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040765. [PMID: 35456815 PMCID: PMC9031218 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are soil bacteria colonizing the rhizosphere and the rhizoplane which have an effect on plant growth through multiple chemical compounds. Rhizobacteria with beneficial effects for plants could therefore be used to reduce the dependence on synthetic chemical fertilizers in conventional agriculture. Within this study, 67 endophytic fungi and 49 bacteria were isolated from root samples from 3 different commercial productions: an off-ground tomato production in a greenhouse, an organic production and a conventional production, both in a soil tunnel. Following morphological selection, 12 fungal and 33 bacterial isolates were genetically identified. Thirteen bacterial isolates belonging to nine potential PGPR species were then applied to tomato seedlings established in sterile substrate. The ability of these bacteria to produce indole acetic acid (IAA) and solubilize phosphate was also evaluated. They all were IAA producers and solubilized phosphate. The most interesting strains for growth promotion were found to be the isolates Pseudomonas palleroniana B10, Bacillus subtilis B25, Bacillus aryabhattai B29 and Pseudomonas fluorescens B17. The isolates P. fluorescens B17, B. aryabhattai B29, B. subtilis B18 and Pseudomonas moraviensis B6 also increased root growth. This study proposed a quick protocol for isolating and testing potential endophytic PGPR that should be characterized further for the direct and indirect mechanisms of growth promotion.
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32
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Karniel U, Adler Berke N, Mann V, Hirschberg J. Perturbations in the Carotenoid Biosynthesis Pathway in Tomato Fruit Reactivate the Leaf-Specific Phytoene Synthase 2. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:844748. [PMID: 35283915 PMCID: PMC8914173 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.844748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of the red carotenoid pigment lycopene in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit is achieved by increased carotenoid synthesis during ripening. The first committed step that determines the flux in the carotenoid pathway is the synthesis of phytoene catalyzed by phytoene synthase (PSY). Tomato has three PSY genes that are differentially expressed. PSY1 is exclusively expressed in fruits, while PSY2 mostly functions in green tissues. It has been established that PSY1 is mostly responsible for phytoene synthesis in fruits. Although PSY2 is found in the chromoplasts, it is inactive because loss-of-function mutations in PSY1 in the locus yellow flesh (r) eliminate carotenoid biosynthesis in the fruit. Here we demonstrate that specific perturbations of carotenoid biosynthesis downstream to phytoene prior and during the transition from chloroplast to chromoplast cause the recovery of phytoene synthesis in yellow flesh (r) fruits without significant transcriptional changes of PSY1 and PSY2. The recovery of carotenoid biosynthesis was abolished when the expression of PSY2 was silenced, indicating that the perturbations of carotenoid biosynthesis reactivated the chloroplast-specific PSY2 in fruit chromoplasts. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that PSY2 can function in fruit chromoplasts under certain conditions, possibly due to alterations in the plastidial sub-organelle organization that affect its association with the carotenoid biosynthesis metabolon. This finding provides a plausible molecular explanation to the epistasis of the mutation tangerine in the gene carotenoid isomerase over yellow flesh.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joseph Hirschberg
- Department of Genetics, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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33
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Périlleux C, Huerga-Fernández S. Reflections on the Triptych of Meristems That Build Flowering Branches in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:798502. [PMID: 35211138 PMCID: PMC8861353 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.798502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Branching is an important component determining crop yield. In tomato, the sympodial pattern of shoot and inflorescence branching is initiated at floral transition and involves the precise regulation of three very close meristems: (i) the shoot apical meristem (SAM) that undergoes the first transition to flower meristem (FM) fate, (ii) the inflorescence sympodial meristem (SIM) that emerges on its flank and remains transiently indeterminate to continue flower initiation, and (iii) the shoot sympodial meristem (SYM), which is initiated at the axil of the youngest leaf primordium and takes over shoot growth before forming itself the next inflorescence. The proper fate of each type of meristems involves the spatiotemporal regulation of FM genes, since they all eventually terminate in a flower, but also the transient repression of other fates since conversions are observed in different mutants. In this paper, we summarize the current knowledge about the genetic determinants of meristem fate in tomato and share the reflections that led us to identify sepal and flower abscission zone initiation as a critical stage of FM development that affects the branching of the inflorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Périlleux
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Research Unit InBioS—PhytoSYSTEMS, Institute of Botany B22 Sart Tilman, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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34
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Bonarota MS, Kosma DK, Barrios-Masias FH. Salt tolerance mechanisms in the Lycopersicon clade and their trade-offs. AOB PLANTS 2022; 14:plab072. [PMID: 35079327 PMCID: PMC8782609 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plab072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress impairs growth and yield in tomato, which is mostly cultivated in arid and semi-arid areas of the world. A number of wild tomato relatives (Solanum pimpinellifolium, S. pennellii, S. cheesmaniae and S. peruvianum) are endemic to arid coastal areas and able to withstand higher concentration of soil salt concentrations, making them a good genetic resource for breeding efforts aimed at improving salt tolerance and overall crop improvement. However, the complexity of salt stress response makes it difficult to introgress tolerance traits from wild relatives that could effectively increase tomato productivity under high soil salt concentrations. Under commercial production, biomass accumulation is key for high fruit yields, and salt tolerance management strategies should aim to maintain a favourable plant water and nutrient status. In this review, we first compare the effects of salt stress on the physiology of the domesticated tomato and its wild relatives. We then discuss physiological and energetic trade-offs for the different salt tolerance mechanisms found within the Lycopersicon clade, with a focus on the importance of root traits to sustain crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Sole Bonarota
- Department of Agriculture, Veterinary and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Dylan K Kosma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Felipe H Barrios-Masias
- Department of Agriculture, Veterinary and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
- Corresponding author’s e-mail address:
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35
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Gamma rays induced genetic variability in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) germplasm. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3300-3307. [PMID: 35844394 PMCID: PMC9280209 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study assessed the effectiveness of gamma radiation in inducing favorable genetic variability in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). An experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design to produce M1 generation. Significant differences were observed among the genotypes as well as between the treatments at individual plant level based on observed traits (seed germination percentage, seedling survival, plant height, number of flower clusters plant−1, number of flowers and fruits plant−1). All observed characters in the mutagenized population were adversely affected with increasing radiation dose. Results identified 450 Gy as the most damaging radiation dose followed by 300 Gy and 150 Gy. Moreover, 300 Gy treatment was identified as lethal dose (LD50) as it caused a 50% germination inhibition in almost all the evaluated genotypes. The 150 Gy treatment showed the least damaging impact and induced maximum genetic variability in almost all the genotypes under study. Character association studies were also conducted which could be utilized in the selection of desirable mutants. Correlation studies revealed an altered association among the observed parameters from positive to negative direction in 300 Gy and 450 Gy treatments as compared to control. These deviations in correlation coefficients proved that mutagenesis can break the linkage among specific loci. Furthermore, path coefficient analysis identified the growth attributes with an effective direct and indirect contribution in yield.
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36
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Zhu F, Wen W, Cheng Y, Fernie AR. The metabolic changes that effect fruit quality during tomato fruit ripening. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2022; 2:2. [PMID: 37789428 PMCID: PMC10515270 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-022-00024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
As the most valuable organ of tomato plants, fruit has attracted considerable attention which most focus on its quality formation during the ripening process. A considerable amount of research has reported that fruit quality is affected by metabolic shifts which are under the coordinated regulation of both structural genes and transcriptional regulators. In recent years, with the development of the next generation sequencing, molecular and genetic analysis methods, lots of genes which are involved in the chlorophyll, carotenoid, cell wall, central and secondary metabolism have been identified and confirmed to regulate pigment contents, fruit softening and other aspects of fruit flavor quality. Here, both research concerning the dissection of fruit quality related metabolic changes, the transcriptional and post-translational regulation of these metabolic pathways are reviewed. Furthermore, a weighted gene correlation network analysis of representative genes of fruit quality has been carried out and the potential of the combined application of the gene correlation network analysis, fine-mapping strategies and next generation sequencing to identify novel candidate genes determinants of fruit quality is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Golm, Germany
| | - Weiwei Wen
- National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yunjiang Cheng
- National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Golm, Germany.
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Soliman SA, Hafez EE, Al-Kolaibe AMG, Abdel Razik ESS, Abd-Ellatif S, Ibrahim AA, Kabeil SSA, Elshafie HS. Biochemical Characterization, Antifungal Activity, and Relative Gene Expression of Two Mentha Essential Oils Controlling Fusarium oxysporum, the Causal Agent of Lycopersicon esculentum Root Rot. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11020189. [PMID: 35050077 PMCID: PMC8781374 DOI: 10.3390/plants11020189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is important food in daily human diets. Root rot disease by Fusarium oxysporum caused huge losses in tomato quality and yield annually. The extensive use of synthetic and chemical fungicides has environmental risks and health problems. Recent studies have pointed out the use of medicinal plant essential oils (EOs) and extracts for controlling fungal diseases. In the current research, Mentha spicata and Mentha longifolia EOs were used in different concentrations to control F. oxysporum. Many active compounds are present in these two EOs such as: thymol, adapic acid, menthol and menthyl acetate. These compounds possess antifungal effect through malformation and degradation of the fungal cell wall. The relative expression levels of distinctly upregulated defense-related WRKY genes (WRKY1, WRKY4, WRKY33 and WRKY53) in seedling root were evaluated as a plant-specific transcription factor (TF) group in different response pathways of abiotic stress. Results showed significant expression levels of WRKY, WRKY53, WRKY33, WRKY1 and WRKY4 genes. An upregulation was observed in defense-related genes such as chitinase and defensin in roots by application EOs under pathogen condition. In conclusion, M. spicata and M. longifolia EOs can be used effectively to control this plant pathogen as sustainable and eco-friendly botanical fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seham A. Soliman
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt; (S.A.S.); (E.E.H.); (E.-S.S.A.R.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Elsayed E. Hafez
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt; (S.A.S.); (E.E.H.); (E.-S.S.A.R.); (A.A.I.)
| | | | - El-Sayed S. Abdel Razik
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt; (S.A.S.); (E.E.H.); (E.-S.S.A.R.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Sawsan Abd-Ellatif
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
| | - Amira A. Ibrahim
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt; (S.A.S.); (E.E.H.); (E.-S.S.A.R.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Sanaa S. A. Kabeil
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
| | - Hazem S. Elshafie
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0971-205522; Fax: +39-0971-205503
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Effect of regulated deficit irrigation on commercial quality parameters, carotenoids, phenolics and sugars of the black cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) ʽSunchocolaʼ. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Harrison Day BL, Carins-Murphy MR, Brodribb TJ. Reproductive water supply is prioritized during drought in tomato. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:69-79. [PMID: 34705293 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive success largely defines the fitness of plant species. Understanding how heat and drought affect plant reproduction is thus key to predicting future plant fitness under rising global temperatures. Recent work suggests reproductive tissues are highly vulnerable to water stress in perennial plants where reproductive sacrifice could preserve plant survival. However, most crop species are annuals where such a strategy would theoretically reduce fitness. We examined the reproductive strategy of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. Rheinlands Ruhm) to determine whether water supply to fruits is prioritized above vegetative tissues during drought. Using optical methods, we mapped xylem cavitation and tissue shrinkage in vegetative and reproductive organs during dehydration to determine the priority of water flow under acute water stress. Stems and peduncles of tomato showed significantly greater xylem cavitation resistance than leaves. This maintenance of intact water supply enabled tomato fruit to continue to expand during acute water stress, utilizing xylem water made available by tissue collapse and early cavitation of leaves. Here, tomato plants prioritize water supply to reproductive tissues, maintaining fruit development under drought conditions. These results emphasize the critical role of water transport in shaping life history and suggest a broad relevance of hydraulic prioritization in plant ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Timothy J Brodribb
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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40
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Ribeiro TB, Voss GB, Coelho MC, Pintado ME. Food waste and by-product valorization as an integrated approach with zero waste: Future challenges. FUTURE FOODS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91001-9.00017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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41
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Hoshikawa K, Pham D, Ezura H, Schafleitner R, Nakashima K. Genetic and Molecular Mechanisms Conferring Heat Stress Tolerance in Tomato Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:786688. [PMID: 35003175 PMCID: PMC8739973 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.786688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is a major threat to global food security. Changes in climate can directly impact food systems by reducing the production and genetic diversity of crops and their wild relatives, thereby restricting future options for breeding improved varieties and reducing the ability to adapt crops to future challenges. The global surface temperature is predicted to rise by an average of 0.3°C during the next decade, and the Paris Agreement (Paris Climate Accords) aims to limit global warming to below an average of 2°C, preferably to 1.5°C compared to pre-industrial levels. Even if the goal of the Paris Agreement can be met, the predicted rise in temperatures will increase the likelihood of extreme weather events, including heatwaves, making heat stress (HS) a major global abiotic stress factor for many crops. HS can have adverse effects on plant morphology, physiology, and biochemistry during all stages of vegetative and reproductive development. In fruiting vegetables, even moderate HS reduces fruit set and yields, and high temperatures may result in poor fruit quality. In this review, we emphasize the effects of abiotic stress, especially at high temperatures, on crop plants, such as tomatoes, touching upon key processes determining plant growth and yield. Specifically, we investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in HS tolerance and the challenges of developing heat-tolerant tomato varieties. Finally, we discuss a strategy for effectively improving the heat tolerance of vegetable crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Hoshikawa
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Vegetable Diversity and Improvement, World Vegetable Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Dung Pham
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Kazuo Nakashima
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
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42
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Ramírez-Ojeda G, Peralta IE, Rodríguez-Guzmán E, Sahagún-Castellanos J, Chávez-Servia JL, Medina-Hinostroza TC, Rijalba-Vela JR, Vásquez-Núñez LP, Rodríguez-Pérez JE. Edaphoclimatic Descriptors of Wild Tomato Species ( Solanum Sect. Lycopersicon) and Closely Related Species ( Solanum Sect. Juglandifolia and Sect. Lycopersicoides) in South America. Front Genet 2021; 12:748979. [PMID: 34868219 PMCID: PMC8635747 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.748979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild species related to cultivated tomato are essential genetic resources in breeding programs focused on food security to face future challenges. The ecogeographic analysis allows identifying the species adaptive ranges and most relevant environmental variables explaining their patterns of actual distribution. The objective of this research was to identify the diversity, ecological descriptors, and statistical relationship of 35 edaphoclimatic variables (20 climatic, 1 geographic and 14 edaphic variables) from 4,649 accessions of 12 wild tomato species and 4 closely related species classified in Solanum sect. Lycopersicon and clustered into four phylogenetic groups, namely “Lycopersicon group” (S. pimpinellifolium, S. cheesmaniae, and S. galapagense), “Arcanum group” (S. arcanum, S. chmielewskii, and S. neorickii), “Eriopersicon group” (S. habrochaites, S. huaylasense, S. corneliomulleri, S. peruvianum, and S. chilense), “Neolycopersicon group” (S. pennellii); and two phylogenetically related groups in Solanum sect. Juglandifolia (S. juglandifolium and S. ochranthum), and section Lycopersicoides (S. lycopersicoides and S. sitiens). The relationship between the climate and edaphic variables were determined by the canonical correlation analysis, reaching 89.2% of variation with the first three canonical correlations. The most significant climatic variables were related to humidity (annual evapotranspiration, annual precipitation, and precipitation of driest month) and physicochemical soil characteristics (bulk density, pH, and base saturation percentage). In all groups, ecological descriptors and diversity patterns were consistent with previous reports. Regarding edaphoclimatic diversity, 12 climate types and 17 soil units were identified among all species. This approach has promissory applications for biodiversity conservation and uses valuable genetic resources related to a leading crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Ramírez-Ojeda
- Crop Science Department, Horticulture Institute, Chapingo Autonomous University (UACh), Chapingo, Mexico
| | - Iris Edith Peralta
- Agronomy Department, Agricultural Sciences Faculty, National University of Cuyo (UNCUYO), Mendoza, Argentina.,Scientific Technological Center CONICET, Argentine Institute for Arid Zones Research, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Rodríguez-Guzmán
- Agronomy Department, University Center for Biological and Agricultural Sciences, University of Guadalajara (UdG), Zapopan, Mexico
| | - Jaime Sahagún-Castellanos
- Crop Science Department, Horticulture Institute, Chapingo Autonomous University (UACh), Chapingo, Mexico
| | - José Luis Chávez-Servia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Integral Regional Development Oaxaca Unit, National Polytechnic Institute (IPN), Oaxaca, Mexico
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Felföldi Z, Ranga F, Socaci SA, Farcas A, Plazas M, Sestras AF, Vodnar DC, Prohens J, Sestras RE. Physico-Chemical, Nutritional, and Sensory Evaluation of Two New Commercial Tomato Hybrids and Their Parental Lines. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112480. [PMID: 34834843 PMCID: PMC8620249 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is the globally most consumed vegetable. The objective of this research was to analyze physico-chemical, nutritional and sensorial components (taste and flavor) in two new commercial hybrids (AS 300 F1 and AS 400 F1) and their four F7 parental lines. Two widely grown F1 hybrids (Precos F1 and Addalyn F1) were used as controls. The results obtained for carbohydrates (HPLC-RID) indicated that the highest values (27.82 mg/g) were recorded in the paternal line AS 10 of the new hybrid AS 400 F1. The highest values of total organic acids (HPLC-VWD) were recorded in Addalyn F1 (5.06 m/g), while the highest value of phenolic compounds (HPLC-DAD-ESI⁺) were identified in the maternal line AS 09 of the hybrid AS 400 F1 (96.3 µg/g). Intrinsic sensory values were analyzed by male and female tasters of different ages using a hedonic scale. The tasters' perception revealed obvious taste differences between tomato genotypes. The study allowed determining genetic parameters of interest (heterosis and heterobeltosis) for the new hybrids, as well as a detailed characterization of the chemical composition and organoleptic quality of the parental breeding lines and their hybrids, which is useful in tomato breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Felföldi
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Manastur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (Z.F.); (A.F.S.)
- Private Research Station Agrosel, 268 Laminoriștilor St., 400500 Câmpia Turzii, Romania
| | - Floricuta Ranga
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Manastur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (F.R.); (D.C.V.)
| | - Sonia Ancuta Socaci
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Manastur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.A.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Anca Farcas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Manastur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.A.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Mariola Plazas
- Institute for Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (M.P.); (J.P.)
| | - Adriana F. Sestras
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Manastur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (Z.F.); (A.F.S.)
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Manastur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (F.R.); (D.C.V.)
| | - Jaime Prohens
- Institute for Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (M.P.); (J.P.)
| | - Radu E. Sestras
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Manastur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (Z.F.); (A.F.S.)
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44
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Mauxion JP, Chevalier C, Gonzalez N. Complex cellular and molecular events determining fruit size. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:1023-1038. [PMID: 34158228 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of plant organ-size determination represents an important challenge, especially because of the significant role of plants as food and renewable energy sources and the increasing need for plant-derived products. Most of the knowledge on the regulation of organ growth and the molecular network controlling cell division and cell expansion, the main drivers of growth, is derived from arabidopsis. The increasing use of crops such as tomato for research is now bringing essential information on the mechanisms underlying size control in agronomically important organs. This review describes our current knowledge, still very scarce, of the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing tomato fruit size and proposes future research to better understand the regulation of growth in this important crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Mauxion
- INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR1332 Biologie du fruit et Pathologie, F33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Christian Chevalier
- INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR1332 Biologie du fruit et Pathologie, F33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Nathalie Gonzalez
- INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR1332 Biologie du fruit et Pathologie, F33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France. @inrae.fr
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45
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Zhang Y, Chen H, Liang Y, Lu T, Liu Z, Jin X, Hou L, Xu J, Zhao H, Shi Y, Ahammed GJ. Comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal the protective effects of silicon against low phosphorus stress in tomato plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:78-87. [PMID: 34090123 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient controlling plant growth and development through the regulation of basic metabolic processes. Soil P deficiency is one of the major limiting factors for sustainable crop production worldwide. Previous studies have demonstrated that silicon (Si), as a beneficial element, promotes plant nutrition, growth, development, and responses to low P (LP) stress; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying Si-mediated LP tolerance remain largely unclear. Here, we found that LP + Si treatment increased the net photosynthetic rate and shoot fresh weight by 34.3%, and 121.3%, respectively compared with LP alone. RNA-sequencing and metabolomic analyses were subsequently performed with tomato plants grown under control and P depleted conditions with or without Si amendment. RNA-sequencing showed that Si supply alters not only the expression of genes involved in the metabolism of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and P but also phosphorylation processes and metabolism of glutathione and reactive active oxygen in tomato roots. Si also affected the expression of genes encoding major transcription factors such as WRKY and MYB under LP stress. Moreover, a set of genes encoding the enzymes or regulators of organic acid (OA) metabolism or secretion were differentially expressed in Si-treated P deficient roots compared with those in LP stress alone. Furthermore, the metabolomic analysis showed that the levels of several OAs were significantly elevated in Si-treated P deficient roots. Taken together, these results indicate that exogenous Si increases the secretion of OAs by modulating C/N metabolism in LP-treated tomato roots and thereby improving plant growth under LP stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Haoting Chen
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Ying Liang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqian Liu
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Xiu Jin
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Leiping Hou
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Jin Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Hailiang Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Yu Shi
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, Henan, China.
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Athinodorou F, Foukas P, Tsaniklidis G, Kotsiras A, Chrysargyris A, Delis C, Kyratzis AC, Tzortzakis N, Nikoloudakis N. Morphological Diversity, Genetic Characterization, and Phytochemical Assessment of the Cypriot Tomato Germplasm. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1698. [PMID: 34451743 PMCID: PMC8401825 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is considered one of the most valuable and versatile vegetable crops globally and also serves as a significant model species for fruit developmental biology. Despite its significance, a severe genetic bottleneck and intense selection of genotypes with specific qualitative traits have resulted in the prevalence of a restricted number of (geno)types, also causing a lack of diversity across widespread cultivated types. As a result, the re-emergence of landraces as well as traditional and heirloom varieties is largely acknowledged as a countermeasure to restore phenotypic, phytochemical and genetic diversity while enriching the aroma/taste tomato palette. On those grounds, the Cypriot tomato germplasm was assessed and characterized. Ten landrace accessions were evaluated under greenhouse conditions and data were collected for 24 IPGRI discrete phenotypic traits. Grouping of accessions largely reflected the fruit shape and size; four different fruit types were recorded across accessions (flattened, heart-shaped, rounded and highly rounded). Moreover, a single run panel consisting of ten SSRs was developed and applied in order to genetically characterize 190 Cypriot genotypes and foreign heirloom varieties. Based on genetic indexes it was established that tomato landraces have a rather low level of heterogeneity and genetic variation. Finally, mineral and phytochemical analyses were conducted in order to estimate biochemical attributes (total phenolics, ascorbic acid, lycopene, β-carotene, total soluble content, titratable acidity) across genotypes; thus, ascertaining that the Cypriot panel has a high nutritional value. Due to the thermo-drought adaptation and tolerance of these genotypes, the current study serves as a roadmap for future breeding efforts in order to incorporate desirable traits or develop novel tomato lines combining resilience and alimentary value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filio Athinodorou
- Department of Agricultural Science, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus; (F.A.); (P.F.); (A.C.); (N.T.)
| | - Petros Foukas
- Department of Agricultural Science, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus; (F.A.); (P.F.); (A.C.); (N.T.)
| | - Georgios Tsaniklidis
- Department of Viticulture, Vegetable Crops, Floriculture and Plant Protection, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Hellenic Agricultural Organization ELGO-DIMITRA, Mesa Katsabas, 71307 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Anastasios Kotsiras
- Department of Agricultural Technology, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece; (A.K.); (C.D.)
| | - Antonios Chrysargyris
- Department of Agricultural Science, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus; (F.A.); (P.F.); (A.C.); (N.T.)
| | - Costas Delis
- Department of Agricultural Technology, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece; (A.K.); (C.D.)
| | - Angelos C. Kyratzis
- Vegetable Crop Sector, Agricultural Research Institute—Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Environment, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus;
| | - Nikolaos Tzortzakis
- Department of Agricultural Science, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus; (F.A.); (P.F.); (A.C.); (N.T.)
| | - Nikolaos Nikoloudakis
- Department of Agricultural Science, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus; (F.A.); (P.F.); (A.C.); (N.T.)
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47
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Comparison of major nutrients and minerals between organic and conventional tomatoes. A review. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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48
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Almeida J, Perez-Fons L, Fraser PD. A transcriptomic, metabolomic and cellular approach to the physiological adaptation of tomato fruit to high temperature. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2211-2229. [PMID: 32691430 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
High temperatures can negatively influence plant growth and development. Besides yield, the effects of heat stress on fruit quality traits remain poorly characterised. In tomato, insights into how fruits regulate cellular metabolism in response to heat stress could contribute to the development of heat-tolerant varieties, without detrimental effects on quality. In the present study, the changes occurring in wild type tomato fruits after exposure to transient heat stress have been elucidated at the transcriptome, cellular and metabolite level. An impact on fruit quality was evident as nutritional attributes changed in response to heat stress. Fruit carotenogenesis was affected, predominantly at the stage of phytoene formation, although altered desaturation/isomerisation arose during the transient exposure to high temperatures. Plastidial isoprenoid compounds showed subtle alterations in their distribution within chromoplast sub-compartments. Metabolite profiling suggests limited effects on primary/intermediary metabolism but lipid remodelling was evident. The heat-induced molecular signatures included the accumulation of sucrose and triacylglycerols, and a decrease in the degree of membrane lipid unsaturation, which influenced the volatile profile. Collectively, these data provide valuable insights into the underlying biochemical and molecular adaptation of fruit to heat stress and will impact on our ability to develop future climate resilient tomato varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Almeida
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Laura Perez-Fons
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Paul D Fraser
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
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49
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Natural variation and artificial selection of photoperiodic flowering genes and their applications in crop adaptation. ABIOTECH 2021; 2:156-169. [PMID: 36304754 PMCID: PMC9590489 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-021-00039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Flowering links vegetative growth and reproductive growth and involves the coordination of local environmental cues and plant genetic information. Appropriate timing of floral initiation and maturation in both wild and cultivated plants is important to their fitness and productivity in a given growth environment. The domestication of plants into crops, and later crop expansion and improvement, has often involved selection for early flowering. In this review, we analyze the basic rules for photoperiodic adaptation in several economically important and/or well-researched crop species. The ancestors of rice (Oryza sativa), maize (Zea mays), soybean (Glycine max), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) are short-day plants whose photosensitivity was reduced or lost during domestication and expansion to high-latitude areas. Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) are long-day crops whose photosensitivity is influenced by both latitude and vernalization type. Here, we summarize recent studies about where these crops were domesticated, how they adapted to photoperiodic conditions as their growing area expanded from domestication locations to modern cultivating regions, and how allelic variants of photoperiodic flowering genes were selected during this process. A deeper understanding of photoperiodic flowering in each crop will enable better molecular design and breeding of high-yielding cultivars suited to particular local environments. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42994-021-00039-0.
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50
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Alcantara BK, Carvalho MEA, Gaziola SA, Borges KLR, Piotto FA, Jacomino AP, Azevedo RA. Tolerance of tomato to cadmium-induced stress: analyzing cultivars with different fruit colors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:26172-26181. [PMID: 33834343 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13553-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to assess the response of tomato cultivars with different fruit colors to exposure to increasing Cd levels in the substrate by measuring the impacts of Cd on the oxidative stress indicators and physicochemical features of fruits, as well as plant development and yield components. A completely randomized experiment in a 3 × 3 factorial design [tomato cultivar (which produces purple, red, or white fruits) vs Cd level in the substrate (0, 3.6, or 12 mg kg-1)] was performed. The cultivation of plants in substrate containing 3.6 mg kg-1 Cd did not affect yield, but fruits exhibited nonpermissive Cd concentrations in both peel and mesocarp across all cultivars. By contrast, yield was decreased in plants with red and white fruits after their cultivation in substrate containing 12 mg kg-1 Cd, while the productivity of plants with purple fruits was maintained under such conditions. The hydrogen peroxide content in the fruit mesocarp depended only on cultivar. However, an increased lipid peroxidation level was detected in the mesocarp of purple fruits at the highest Cd concentration. No parameters of fruit quality [i.e., diameter, length, °Brix, pH, titratable acidity, color (L*, a*, and b*), and concentrations of lycopene and β-carotene in mesocarp] were affected by long-term exposure to Cd at 12 mg kg-1. In conclusion, the results of this study suggested that the potential Cd side effects on diverse tomato quality features can be buffered at the fruit level because these features were maintained at the usual values despite high Cd concentrations in tomato peel and pulp. Moreover, these buffering mechanisms are independent of lycopene and β-carotene concentrations in fruit peel, since the three tomato cultivars that were evaluated in the present study (white fruits, possessing no or negligible concentrations of these carotenoids, and red and purple tomato, possessing high lycopene and β-carotene concentrations) were able to sustain several fruit quality parameters after long-term exposure to high Cd concentrations in the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcia Eugenia Amaral Carvalho
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, Agronomia, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Salete Aparecida Gaziola
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, Agronomia, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Karina Lima Reis Borges
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, Agronomia, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando Angelo Piotto
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, Agronomia, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Angelo Pedro Jacomino
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, Agronomia, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Antunes Azevedo
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, Agronomia, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
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