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Xue K, Cai B, Yang Y, He A, Chen Z, Zhang C. A dry chemistry-based self-enhanced electrochemiluminescence lateral flow immunoassay sensor for accurate sample-to-answer detection of luteinizing hormone. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1309:342646. [PMID: 38772670 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorimetric lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is a widely used point-of-care testing (POCT) technology, while it has entered a bottleneck period because of low detection sensitivity, expensive preparation materials, and incapable quantitative detection. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a novel POCT method that is ultrasensitive, simple, portable, and capable of accurately detecting biomarkers in biofluids daily, particularly for pregnancy preparation and early screening of diseases. RESULT In this work, a novel dry chemistry-based self-enhanced electrochemiluminescence (DC-SE-ECL) LFIA sensor is introduced for accurate POCT of luteinizing hormone (LH). The proposed DC-SE-ECL immunosensor significantly improves the detection sensitivity through the Poly-l-Lysine (PLL)-based SE-ECL probe and cathode modification of closed bipolar electrode (C-BPE). Additionally, a new type of C-BPE configuration is designed for easily performing the LFIA. And, two standalone absorbent pads are symmetrically arranged below the reporting channel of the electrode pad to decease useless residues on the detection pad, which further improves the detection performance. Under optimized conditions, the proposed LFIA sensor has a low limit of detection (9.274 μIU mL-1) and a wide linear dynamic range (0.01-100 mIU mL-1), together with good selectivity, repeatability and storage stability. SIGNIFICANCE These results indicate that the proposed DC-SE-ECL method has the potential as a new tool for detecting biomarkers in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifa Xue
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Bolin Cai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yang Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - An He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital Nansha Hospital, Guangzhou, 511457, China
| | - Chunsun Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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2
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Chen S, Bao J, Hu Z, Liu X, Cheng S, Zhao W, Zhao C. Porous Microspheres as Pathogen Traps for Sepsis Therapy: Capturing Active Pathogens and Alleviating Inflammatory Reactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38682663 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by pathogen infection, while the current antibiotics mainly utilized in clinical practice to combat infection result in the release of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in the body. Herein, we provide an innovative strategy for controlling sepsis, namely, capturing active pathogens by means of extracorporeal blood purification. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were modified with dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (DDA) through γ-ray irradiation-induced graft polymerization to confer a positive charge. Then, CNT-DDAs are blended with polyurethane (PU) to prepare porous microspheres using the electro-spraying method. The obtained microspheres with a pore diameter of 2 μm served as pathogen traps and are termed as PU-CNT-DDA microspheres. Even at a high flow rate of 50 mL·min-1, the capture efficiencies of the PU-CNT-DDAs for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus remained 94.7% and 98.8%, respectively. This approach circumvents pathogen lysis and mortality, significantly curtails the release of PAMPs, and hampers the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, hemoperfusion using porous PU-CNT-DDAs as pathogen traps to capture active pathogens and alleviate inflammation opens a new route for sepsis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifan Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jianxu Bao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Radiation Chemistry Department, Sichuan Institute of Atomic Energy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610101, PR China
| | - Xianda Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shengjun Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Weifeng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Changsheng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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3
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Lehnert T, Gijs MAM. Microfluidic systems for infectious disease diagnostics. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1441-1493. [PMID: 38372324 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00117f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Microorganisms, encompassing both uni- and multicellular entities, exhibit remarkable diversity as omnipresent life forms in nature. They play a pivotal role by supplying essential components for sustaining biological processes across diverse ecosystems, including higher host organisms. The complex interactions within the human gut microbiota are crucial for metabolic functions, immune responses, and biochemical signalling, particularly through the gut-brain axis. Viruses also play important roles in biological processes, for example by increasing genetic diversity through horizontal gene transfer when replicating inside living cells. On the other hand, infection of the human body by microbiological agents may lead to severe physiological disorders and diseases. Infectious diseases pose a significant burden on global healthcare systems, characterized by substantial variations in the epidemiological landscape. Fast spreading antibiotic resistance or uncontrolled outbreaks of communicable diseases are major challenges at present. Furthermore, delivering field-proven point-of-care diagnostic tools to the most severely affected populations in low-resource settings is particularly important and challenging. New paradigms and technological approaches enabling rapid and informed disease management need to be implemented. In this respect, infectious disease diagnostics taking advantage of microfluidic systems combined with integrated biosensor-based pathogen detection offers a host of innovative and promising solutions. In this review, we aim to outline recent activities and progress in the development of microfluidic diagnostic tools. Our literature research mainly covers the last 5 years. We will follow a classification scheme based on the human body systems primarily involved at the clinical level or on specific pathogen transmission modes. Important diseases, such as tuberculosis and malaria, will be addressed more extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lehnert
- Laboratory of Microsystems, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland.
| | - Martin A M Gijs
- Laboratory of Microsystems, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland.
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4
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Safarkhani M, Farasati Far B, Lima EC, Jafarzadeh S, Makvandi P, Varma RS, Huh Y, Ebrahimi Warkiani M, Rabiee N. Integration of MXene and Microfluidics: A Perspective. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:657-676. [PMID: 38241520 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The fusion of MXene-based materials with microfluidics not only presents a dynamic and promising avenue for innovation but also opens up new possibilities across various scientific and technological domains. This Perspective delves into the intricate synergy between MXenes and microfluidics, underscoring their collective potential in material science, sensing, energy storage, and biomedical research. This intersection of disciplines anticipates future advancements in MXene synthesis and functionalization as well as progress in advanced sensing technologies, energy storage solutions, environmental applications, and biomedical breakthroughs. Crucially, the manufacturing and commercialization of MXene-based microfluidic devices, coupled with interdisciplinary collaborations, stand as pivotal considerations. Envisioning a future where MXenes and microfluidics collaboratively shape our technological landscape, addressing intricate challenges and propelling innovation forward necessitates a thoughtful approach. This viewpoint provides a comprehensive assessment of the current state of the field while outlining future prospects for the integration of MXene-based entities and microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Safarkhani
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Bahareh Farasati Far
- Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 1684611367, Iran
| | - Eder C Lima
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Bento Goncalves 9500, Caixa Postal 15003, Porto Alegre CEP 91501-970, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Shima Jafarzadeh
- Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3217, Australia
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, United Kingdom
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CxI), Technical University of Liberec (TUL), Studentská 1402/2, Liberec 1 461 17, Czech Republic
| | - YunSuk Huh
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
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5
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Li Y, Zhou S, Wu Q, Gong C. CRISPR/Cas gene editing and delivery systems for cancer therapy. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1938. [PMID: 38456346 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas systems stand out because of simplicity, efficiency, and other superiorities, thus becoming attractive and brilliant gene-editing tools in biomedical field including cancer therapy. CRISPR/Cas systems bring promises for cancer therapy through manipulating and engineering on tumor cells or immune cells. However, there have been concerns about how to overcome the numerous physiological barriers and deliver CRISPR components to target cells efficiently and accurately. In this review, we introduced the mechanisms of CRISPR/Cas systems, summarized the current delivery strategies of CRISPR/Cas systems by physical methods, viral vectors, and nonviral vectors, and presented the current application of CRISPR/Cas systems in cancer clinical treatment. Furthermore, we discussed prospects related to delivery approaches of CRISPR/Cas systems. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyao Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinjie Wu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Changyang Gong
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Connors J, Cusimano G, Mege N, Woloszczuk K, Konopka E, Bell M, Joyner D, Marcy J, Tardif V, Kutzler MA, Muir R, Haddad EK. Using the power of innate immunoprofiling to understand vaccine design, infection, and immunity. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2267295. [PMID: 37885158 PMCID: PMC10760375 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2267295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the field of immunology, a systems biology approach is crucial to understanding the immune response to infection and vaccination considering the complex interplay between genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Significant progress has been made in understanding the innate immune response, including cell players and critical signaling pathways, but many questions remain unanswered, including how the innate immune response dictates host/pathogen responses and responses to vaccines. To complicate things further, it is becoming increasingly clear that the innate immune response is not a linear pathway but is formed from complex networks and interactions. To further our understanding of the crosstalk and complexities, systems-level analyses and expanded experimental technologies are now needed. In this review, we discuss the most recent immunoprofiling techniques and discuss systems approaches to studying the global innate immune landscape which will inform on the development of personalized medicine and innovative vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Connors
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gina Cusimano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nathan Mege
- Tower Health, Reading Hospital, West Reading, PA, USA
| | - Kyra Woloszczuk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily Konopka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Bell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Joyner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer Marcy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Virginie Tardif
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michele A. Kutzler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roshell Muir
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Family, Community, and Preventative Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elias K. Haddad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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7
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Escobar A, Diab-Liu A, Bosland K, Xu CQ. Microfluidic Device-Based Virus Detection and Quantification in Future Diagnostic Research: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:935. [PMID: 37887128 PMCID: PMC10605122 DOI: 10.3390/bios13100935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The global economic and healthcare crises experienced over the past three years, as a result of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has significantly impacted the commonplace habits of humans around the world. SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) phenomenon, has contributed to the deaths of millions of people around the world. The potential diagnostic applications of microfluidic devices have previously been demonstrated to effectively detect and quasi-quantify several different well-known viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza, and SARS-CoV-2. As a result, microfluidics has been further explored as a potential alternative to our currently available rapid tests for highly virulent diseases to better combat and manage future potential outbreaks. The outbreak management during COVID-19 was initially hindered, in part, by the lack of available quantitative rapid tests capable of confirming a person's active infectiousness status. Therefore, this review will explore the use of microfluidic technology, and more specifically RNA-based virus detection methods, as an integral part of improved diagnostic capabilities and will present methods for carrying the lessons learned from COVID-19 forward, toward improved diagnostic outcomes for future pandemic-level threats. This review will first explore the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and how diagnostic technology was shown to have required even greater advancements to keep pace with the transmission of such a highly infectious virus. Secondly, the historical significance of integrating microfluidic technology in diagnostics and how the different types of genetic-based detection methods may vary in their potential practical applications. Lastly, the review will summarize the past, present, and future potential of RNA-based virus detection/diagnosis and how it might be used to better prepare for a future pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Escobar
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Alex Diab-Liu
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Kamaya Bosland
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Chang-Qing Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
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8
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Marutescu LG. Current and Future Flow Cytometry Applications Contributing to Antimicrobial Resistance Control. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1300. [PMID: 37317273 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat to human health and welfare, food safety, and environmental health. The rapid detection and quantification of antimicrobial resistance are important for both infectious disease control and public health threat assessment. Technologies such as flow cytometry can provide clinicians with the early information, they need for appropriate antibiotic treatment. At the same time, cytometry platforms facilitate the measurement of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in environments impacted by human activities, enabling assessment of their impact on watersheds and soils. This review focuses on the latest applications of flow cytometry for the detection of pathogens and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in both clinical and environmental samples. Novel antimicrobial susceptibility testing frameworks embedding flow cytometry assays can contribute to the implementation of global antimicrobial resistance surveillance systems that are needed for science-based decisions and actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luminita Gabriela Marutescu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Spl. Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
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9
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Grigorev GV, Lebedev AV, Wang X, Qian X, Maksimov GV, Lin L. Advances in Microfluidics for Single Red Blood Cell Analysis. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:117. [PMID: 36671952 PMCID: PMC9856164 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The utilizations of microfluidic chips for single RBC (red blood cell) studies have attracted great interests in recent years to filter, trap, analyze, and release single erythrocytes for various applications. Researchers in this field have highlighted the vast potential in developing micro devices for industrial and academia usages, including lab-on-a-chip and organ-on-a-chip systems. This article critically reviews the current state-of-the-art and recent advances of microfluidics for single RBC analyses, including integrated sensors and microfluidic platforms for microscopic/tomographic/spectroscopic single RBC analyses, trapping arrays (including bifurcating channels), dielectrophoretic and agglutination/aggregation studies, as well as clinical implications covering cancer, sepsis, prenatal, and Sickle Cell diseases. Microfluidics based RBC microarrays, sorting/counting and trapping techniques (including acoustic, dielectrophoretic, hydrodynamic, magnetic, and optical techniques) are also reviewed. Lastly, organs on chips, multi-organ chips, and drug discovery involving single RBC are described. The limitations and drawbacks of each technology are addressed and future prospects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgii V. Grigorev
- Data Science and Information Technology Research Center, Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of California in Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- School of Information Technology, Cherepovets State University, 162600 Cherepovets, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Lebedev
- Machine Building Department, Bauman Moscow State University, 105005 Moscow, Russia
| | - Xiaohao Wang
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiang Qian
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - George V. Maksimov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Physical metallurgy Department, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education National Research Technological University “MISiS”, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Liwei Lin
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of California in Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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10
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Parihar A, Yadav S, Sadique MA, Ranjan P, Kumar N, Singhal A, Khare V, Khan R, Natarajan S, Srivastava AK. Internet‐of‐medical‐things integrated point‐of‐care biosensing devices for infectious diseases: Toward better preparedness for futuristic pandemics. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10481. [DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Parihar
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR‐Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI) Bhopal Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Shalu Yadav
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR‐Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI) Bhopal Madhya Pradesh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Mohd Abubakar Sadique
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR‐Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI) Bhopal Madhya Pradesh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Pushpesh Ranjan
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR‐Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI) Bhopal Madhya Pradesh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR‐Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI) Bhopal Madhya Pradesh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Ayushi Singhal
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR‐Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI) Bhopal Madhya Pradesh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Vedika Khare
- School of Nanotechnology, UTD, RGPV Campus Bhopal Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Raju Khan
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR‐Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI) Bhopal Madhya Pradesh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Sathish Natarajan
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR‐Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI) Bhopal Madhya Pradesh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Avanish K. Srivastava
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR‐Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI) Bhopal Madhya Pradesh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
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11
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Anushka, Bandopadhyay A, Das PK. Paper based microfluidic devices: a review of fabrication techniques and applications. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. SPECIAL TOPICS 2022; 232:781-815. [PMID: 36532608 PMCID: PMC9743133 DOI: 10.1140/epjs/s11734-022-00727-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of applications are possible with paper-based analytical devices, which are low priced, easy to fabricate and operate, and require no specialized equipment. Paper-based microfluidics offers the design of miniaturized POC devices to be applied in the health, environment, food, and energy sector employing the ASSURED (Affordable, Sensitive, Specific, User-friendly, Rapid and Robust, Equipment free and Deliverable to end users) principle of WHO. Therefore, this field is growing very rapidly and ample research is being done. This review focuses on fabrication and detection techniques reported to date. Additionally, this review emphasises on the application of this technology in the area of medical diagnosis, energy generation, environmental monitoring, and food quality control. This review also presents the theoretical analysis of fluid flow in porous media for the efficient handling and control of fluids. The limitations of PAD have also been discussed with an emphasis to concern on the transformation of such devices from laboratory to the consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushka
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
| | - Aditya Bandopadhyay
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
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12
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Iakovlev AP, Erofeev AS, Gorelkin PV. Novel Pumping Methods for Microfluidic Devices: A Comprehensive Review. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12110956. [PMID: 36354465 PMCID: PMC9688261 DOI: 10.3390/bios12110956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This review is an account of methods that use various strategies to control microfluidic flow control with high accuracy. The reviewed systems are divided into two large groups based on the way they create flow: passive systems (non-mechanical systems) and active (mechanical) systems. Each group is presented by a number of device fabrications. We try to explain the main principles of operation, and we list advantages and disadvantages of the presented systems. Mechanical systems are considered in more detail, as they are currently an area of increased interest due to their unique precision flow control and "multitasking". These systems are often applied as mini-laboratories, working autonomously without any additional operations, provided by humans, which is very important under complicated conditions. We also reviewed the integration of autonomous microfluidic systems with a smartphone or single-board computer when all data are retrieved and processed without using a personal computer. In addition, we discuss future trends and possible solutions for further development of this area of technology.
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13
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Lubell-Doughtie P, Bhatt S, Wong R, Shankar AH. Transforming Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Precision Public Health: Open Guidelines for Manufacturers and Users. JMIR BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2022; 7:e26800. [PMID: 38875688 PMCID: PMC11041428 DOI: 10.2196/26800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Precision public health (PPH) can maximize impact by targeting surveillance and interventions by temporal, spatial, and epidemiological characteristics. Although rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have enabled ubiquitous point-of-care testing in low-resource settings, their impact has been less than anticipated, owing in part to lack of features to streamline data capture and analysis. OBJECTIVE We aimed to transform the RDT into a tool for PPH by defining information and data axioms and an information utilization index (IUI); identifying design features to maximize the IUI; and producing open guidelines (OGs) for modular RDT features that enable links with digital health tools to create an RDT-OG system. METHODS We reviewed published papers and conducted a survey with experts or users of RDTs in the sectors of technology, manufacturing, and deployment to define features and axioms for information utilization. We developed an IUI, ranging from 0% to 100%, and calculated this index for 33 World Health Organization-prequalified RDTs. RDT-OG specifications were developed to maximize the IUI; the feasibility and specifications were assessed through developing malaria and COVID-19 RDTs based on OGs for use in Kenya and Indonesia. RESULTS The survey respondents (n=33) included 16 researchers, 7 technologists, 3 manufacturers, 2 doctors or nurses, and 5 other users. They were most concerned about the proper use of RDTs (30/33, 91%), their interpretation (28/33, 85%), and reliability (26/33, 79%), and were confident that smartphone-based RDT readers could address some reliability concerns (28/33, 85%), and that readers were more important for complex or multiplex RDTs (33/33, 100%). The IUI of prequalified RDTs ranged from 13% to 75% (median 33%). In contrast, the IUI for an RDT-OG prototype was 91%. The RDT open guideline system that was developed was shown to be feasible by (1) creating a reference RDT-OG prototype; (2) implementing its features and capabilities on a smartphone RDT reader, cloud information system, and Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources; and (3) analyzing the potential public health impact of RDT-OG integration with laboratory, surveillance, and vital statistics systems. CONCLUSIONS Policy makers and manufacturers can define, adopt, and synergize with RDT-OGs and digital health initiatives. The RDT-OG approach could enable real-time diagnostic and epidemiological monitoring with adaptive interventions to facilitate control or elimination of current and emerging diseases through PPH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roger Wong
- Ona Systems Inc, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Anuraj H Shankar
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Jakarta, Indonesia
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14
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Bhardwaj T, Ramana LN, Sharma TK. Current Advancements and Future Road Map to Develop ASSURED Microfluidic Biosensors for Infectious and Non-Infectious Diseases. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12050357. [PMID: 35624657 PMCID: PMC9139021 DOI: 10.3390/bios12050357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Better diagnostics are always essential for the treatment and prevention of a disease. Existing technologies for detecting infectious and non-infectious diseases are mostly tedious, expensive, and do not meet the World Health Organization’s (WHO) ASSURED (affordable, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, rapid and robust, equipment-free, and deliverable to end user) criteria. Hence, more accurate, sensitive, and faster diagnostic technologies that meet the ASSURED criteria are highly required for timely and evidenced-based treatment. Presently, the diagnostics industry is finding interest in microfluidics-based biosensors, as this integration comprises all qualities, such as reduction in the size of the equipment, rapid turnaround time, possibility of parallel multiple analysis or multiplexing, etc. Microfluidics deal with the manipulation/analysis of fluid within micrometer-sized channels. Biosensors comprise biomolecules immobilized on a physicochemical transducer for the detection of a specific analyte. In this review article, we provide an outline of the history of microfluidics, current practices in the selection of materials in microfluidics, and how and where microfluidics-based biosensors have been used for the diagnosis of infectious and non-infectious diseases. Our inclination in this review article is toward the employment of microfluidics-based biosensors for the improvement of already existing/traditional methods in order to reduce efforts without compromising the accuracy of the diagnostic test. This article also suggests the possible improvements required in microfluidic chip-based biosensors in order to meet the ASSURED criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Bhardwaj
- NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, 3rd Milestone, Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad 121001, India;
| | - Lakshmi Narashimhan Ramana
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560065, India;
| | - Tarun Kumar Sharma
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Gujarat Biotechnology University, Gujarat International Finance and Tec (GIFT) City, Gandhinagar 382355, India
- Correspondence:
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15
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Hong JM, Lee H, Menon NV, Lim CT, Lee LP, Ong CWM. Point-of-care diagnostic tests for tuberculosis disease. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabj4124. [PMID: 35385338 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj4124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Rapid diagnosis is one key pillar to end tuberculosis (TB). Point-of-care tests (POCTs) facilitate early detection, immediate treatment, and reduced transmission of TB disease. This Review evaluates current diagnostic assays endorsed by the World Health Organization and identifies the gaps between existing conventional tests and the ideal POCT. We discuss the commercial development of new rapid tests and research studies on nonsputum-based diagnostic biomarkers from both pathogen and host. Last, we highlight advances in integrated microfluidics technology that may aid the development of new POCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Mei Hong
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Hyeyoung Lee
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Nishanth V Menon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Institute for Health Innovation & Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Luke P Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1764, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Biophysics Graduate Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Institute of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Catherine W M Ong
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,Institute for Health Innovation & Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
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16
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A review on point of care tests in parasitology. Indian J Med Microbiol 2022; 40:337-341. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Microfluidics Approach to the Mechanical Properties of Red Blood Cell Membrane and Their Effect on Blood Rheology. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020217. [PMID: 35207138 PMCID: PMC8878405 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we describe the general features of red blood cell membranes and their effect on blood flow and blood rheology. We first present a basic description of membranes and move forward to red blood cell membranes’ characteristics and modeling. We later review the specific properties of red blood cells, presenting recent numerical and experimental microfluidics studies that elucidate the effect of the elastic properties of the red blood cell membrane on blood flow and hemorheology. Finally, we describe specific hemorheological pathologies directly related to the mechanical properties of red blood cells and their effect on microcirculation, reviewing microfluidic applications for the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases.
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18
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Gopal A, Yan L, Kashif S, Munshi T, Roy VAL, Voelcker NH, Chen X. Biosensors and Point-of-Care Devices for Bacterial Detection: Rapid Diagnostics Informing Antibiotic Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101546. [PMID: 34850601 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With an exponential rise in antimicrobial resistance and stagnant antibiotic development pipeline, there is, more than ever, a crucial need to optimize current infection therapy approaches. One of the most important stages in this process requires rapid and effective identification of pathogenic bacteria responsible for diseases. Current gold standard techniques of bacterial detection include culture methods, polymerase chain reactions, and immunoassays. However, their use is fraught with downsides with high turnaround time and low accuracy being the most prominent. This imposes great limitations on their eventual application as point-of-care devices. Over time, innovative detection techniques have been proposed and developed to curb these drawbacks. In this review, a systematic summary of a range of biosensing platforms is provided with a strong focus on technologies conferring high detection sensitivity and specificity. A thorough analysis is performed and the benefits and drawbacks of each type of biosensor are highlighted, the factors influencing their potential as point-of-care devices are discussed, and the authors' insights for their translation from proof-of-concept systems into commercial medical devices are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashna Gopal
- School of Engineering Institute for Bioengineering The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3JL UK
| | - Li Yan
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen Technology University Shenzhen 518118 China
| | - Saima Kashif
- School of Engineering Institute for Bioengineering The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3JL UK
| | - Tasnim Munshi
- School of Chemistry University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool Lincoln Lincolnshire LN6 7TS UK
| | | | - Nicolas H. Voelcker
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University Parkville Victoria VIC 3052 Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - Xianfeng Chen
- School of Engineering Institute for Bioengineering The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3JL UK
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19
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Charelli LE, de Mattos GC, de Jesus Sousa-Batista A, Pinto JC, Balbino TA. Polymeric nanoparticles as therapeutic agents against coronavirus disease. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 24:12. [PMID: 35035277 PMCID: PMC8747451 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-022-05396-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has the potential to improve the combat against life-threatening conditions. Considering the COVID-19 scenario, and future outbreaks, nanotechnology can play a pivotal role in several steps, ranging from disinfection protocols, manufacture of hospital clothes, to implementation of healthcare settings. Polymeric nanoparticles are colloidal particles with size ranging from 10 to 999 nm, composed of natural or synthetic polymers. The versatility of polymeric-based nanoparticle engineering can provide (i) specificity, (ii) tunable release kinetics, and (iii) multimodal drug composition, making it possible to overcome common limitations encountered during traditional drug development. Consequently, these particles have been widely used as drug delivery systems against several diseases, such as cancer. Due to inherent competitive advantages, polymeric-based nanoparticles hold astonishing potential to counteract the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19). For this reason, in the present study, the latest advancements in polymer-based nanotechnology approaches used to fight against SARS-CoV-2 are compiled and discussed. Moreover, the importance of forefront in vitro technologies - such as 3D bioprinting and organ-on-chip - to evaluate the efficacy of nanotherapeutic agents is also highlighted. Polymeric nanoparticles can be functionalized to enhance its potential as a nanotherapeutic agent. Due to its many advantages, polymeric-based nanoparticles systems are a promising approach against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Emiliano Charelli
- Nanotechnology Engineering Department, Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Calidone de Mattos
- Chemical Engineering Department, Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ariane de Jesus Sousa-Batista
- Nanotechnology Engineering Department, Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Pinto
- Chemical Engineering Department, Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tiago Albertini Balbino
- Nanotechnology Engineering Department, Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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20
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Li N, Shen M, Liu J, Zhang L, Wang H, Xu Y, Cheng J. Multiplexed detection of respiratory pathogens with a portable analyzer in a "raw-sample-in and answer-out" manner. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2021; 7:94. [PMID: 34840805 PMCID: PMC8608563 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00321-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged, rapidly spread and caused significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. There is an urgent public health need for rapid, sensitive, specific, and on-site diagnostic tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In this study, a fully integrated and portable analyzer was developed to detect SARS-CoV-2 from swab samples based on solid-phase nucleic acid extraction and reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP). The swab can be directly inserted into a cassette for multiplexed detection of respiratory pathogens without pre-preparation. The overall detection process, including swab rinsing, magnetic bead-based nucleic acid extraction, and 8-plex real-time RT-LAMP, can be automatically performed in the cassette within 80 min. The functionality of the cassette was validated by detecting the presence of a SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus and three other respiratory pathogens, i.e., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The limit of detection (LoD) for the SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus was 2.5 copies/μL with both primer sets (N gene and ORF1ab gene), and the three bacterial species were successfully detected with an LoD of 2.5 colony-forming units (CFU)/μL in 800 μL of swab rinse. Thus, the analyzer developed in this study has the potential to rapidly detect SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens on site in a “raw-sample-in and answer-out” manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Minjie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Huili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Youchun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China.,National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Jing Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China.,National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing, 102206 China.,Center for Precision Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
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21
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Nguyen N, Thurgood P, Sekar NC, Chen S, Pirogova E, Peter K, Baratchi S, Khoshmanesh K. Microfluidic models of the human circulatory system: versatile platforms for exploring mechanobiology and disease modeling. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:769-786. [PMID: 34777617 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00815-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human circulatory system is a marvelous fluidic system, which is very sensitive to biophysical and biochemical cues. The current animal and cell culture models do not recapitulate the functional properties of the human circulatory system, limiting our ability to fully understand the complex biological processes underlying the dysfunction of this multifaceted system. In this review, we discuss the unique ability of microfluidic systems to recapitulate the biophysical, biochemical, and functional properties of the human circulatory system. We also describe the remarkable capacity of microfluidic technologies for exploring the complex mechanobiology of the cardiovascular system, mechanistic studying of cardiovascular diseases, and screening cardiovascular drugs with the additional benefit of reducing the need for animal models. We also discuss opportunities for further advancement in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngan Nguyen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter Thurgood
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nadia Chandra Sekar
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Sheng Chen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elena Pirogova
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sara Baratchi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia
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22
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Nasrollahi F, Haghniaz R, Hosseini V, Davoodi E, Mahmoodi M, Karamikamkar S, Darabi MA, Zhu Y, Lee J, Diltemiz SE, Montazerian H, Sangabathuni S, Tavafoghi M, Jucaud V, Sun W, Kim H, Ahadian S, Khademhosseini A. Micro and Nanoscale Technologies for Diagnosis of Viral Infections. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100692. [PMID: 34310048 PMCID: PMC8420309 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Viral infection is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The growth of globalization significantly increases the risk of virus spreading, making it a global threat to future public health. In particular, the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak emphasizes the importance of devices and methods for rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective diagnosis of viral infections in the early stages by which their quick and global spread can be controlled. Micro and nanoscale technologies have attracted tremendous attention in recent years for a variety of medical and biological applications, especially in developing diagnostic platforms for rapid and accurate detection of viral diseases. This review addresses advances of microneedles, microchip-based integrated platforms, and nano- and microparticles for sampling, sample processing, enrichment, amplification, and detection of viral particles and antigens related to the diagnosis of viral diseases. Additionally, methods for the fabrication of microchip-based devices and commercially used devices are described. Finally, challenges and prospects on the development of micro and nanotechnologies for the early diagnosis of viral diseases are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nasrollahi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Reihaneh Haghniaz
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Vahid Hosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Elham Davoodi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics EngineeringUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooONN2L 3G1Canada
| | - Mahboobeh Mahmoodi
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringYazd BranchIslamic Azad UniversityYazd8915813135Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Ali Darabi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Yangzhi Zhu
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
| | - Junmin Lee
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
| | - Sibel Emir Diltemiz
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceEskisehir Technical UniversityEskisehir26470Turkey
| | - Hossein Montazerian
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | | | - Maryam Tavafoghi
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California‐Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Vadim Jucaud
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
| | - Wujin Sun
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
| | - Han‐Jun Kim
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
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23
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Prasanna P, Rathee S, Rahul V, Mandal D, Chandra Goud MS, Yadav P, Hawthorne S, Sharma A, Gupta PK, Ojha S, Jha NK, Villa C, Jha SK. Microfluidic Platforms to Unravel Mysteries of Alzheimer's Disease: How Far Have We Come? Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11101022. [PMID: 34685393 PMCID: PMC8537508 DOI: 10.3390/life11101022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a significant health concern with enormous social and economic impact globally. The gradual deterioration of cognitive functions and irreversible neuronal losses are primary features of the disease. Even after decades of research, most therapeutic options are merely symptomatic, and drugs in clinical practice present numerous side effects. Lack of effective diagnostic techniques prevents the early prognosis of disease, resulting in a gradual deterioration in the quality of life. Furthermore, the mechanism of cognitive impairment and AD pathophysiology is poorly understood. Microfluidics exploits different microscale properties of fluids to mimic environments on microfluidic chip-like devices. These miniature multichambered devices can be used to grow cells and 3D tissues in vitro, analyze cell-to-cell communication, decipher the roles of neural cells such as microglia, and gain insights into AD pathophysiology. This review focuses on the applications and impact of microfluidics on AD research. We discuss the technical challenges and possible solutions provided by this new cutting-edge technique to understand disease-associated pathways and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Prasanna
- School of Applied Sciences, KK University, Nalanda 803115, Bihar, India;
- Correspondence: or (P.P.); (S.K.J.)
| | - Shweta Rathee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat 131028, Haryana, India;
| | - Vedanabhatla Rahul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India;
| | - Debabrata Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur 844101, Bihar, India;
| | | | - Pardeep Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; (P.Y.); (N.K.J.)
| | - Susan Hawthorne
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co., Londonderry BT52 1SA, UK;
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Science and Research (SBSR), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; (A.S.); (P.K.G.)
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Science and Research (SBSR), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; (A.S.); (P.K.G.)
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; (P.Y.); (N.K.J.)
| | - Chiara Villa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; (P.Y.); (N.K.J.)
- Correspondence: or (P.P.); (S.K.J.)
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Marrazzo P, Pizzuti V, Zia S, Sargenti A, Gazzola D, Roda B, Bonsi L, Alviano F. Microfluidic Tools for Enhanced Characterization of Therapeutic Stem Cells and Prediction of Their Potential Antimicrobial Secretome. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:750. [PMID: 34206190 PMCID: PMC8300685 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is creating enormous attention on the development of new antibiotic-free therapy strategies for bacterial diseases. Mesenchymal stromal stem cells (MSCs) are the most promising candidates in current clinical trials and included in several cell-therapy protocols. Together with the well-known immunomodulatory and regenerative potential of the MSC secretome, these cells have shown direct and indirect anti-bacterial effects. However, the low reproducibility and standardization of MSCs from different sources are the current limitations prior to the purification of cell-free secreted antimicrobial peptides and exosomes. In order to improve MSC characterization, novel label-free functional tests, evaluating the biophysical properties of the cells, will be advantageous for their cell profiling, population sorting, and quality control. We discuss the potential of emerging microfluidic technologies providing new insights into density, shape, and size of live cells, starting from heterogeneous or 3D cultured samples. The prospective application of these technologies to studying MSC populations may contribute to developing new biopharmaceutical strategies with a view to naturally overcoming bacterial defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Marrazzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.P.); (L.B.); (F.A.)
| | - Valeria Pizzuti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.P.); (L.B.); (F.A.)
| | - Silvia Zia
- Stem Sel S.r.l., 40127 Bologna, Italy; (S.Z.); (B.R.)
| | | | - Daniele Gazzola
- Cell Dynamics i.S.r.l., 40129 Bologna, Italy; (A.S.); (D.G.)
| | - Barbara Roda
- Stem Sel S.r.l., 40127 Bologna, Italy; (S.Z.); (B.R.)
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Bonsi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.P.); (L.B.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesco Alviano
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.P.); (L.B.); (F.A.)
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25
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Kumar ARK, Shou Y, Chan B, L K, Tay A. Materials for Improving Immune Cell Transfection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007421. [PMID: 33860598 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy holds great promise for preventing and treating deadly diseases such as cancer. However, it remains challenging to transfect and engineer primary immune cells for clinical cell manufacturing. Conventional tools using viral vectors and bulk electroporation suffer from low efficiency while posing risks like viral transgene integration and excessive biological perturbations. Emerging techniques using microfluidics, nanoparticles, and high-aspect-ratio nanostructures can overcome these challenges, and on top of that, provide universal and high-throughput cargo delivery. Herein, the strengths and limitations of traditional and emerging materials for immune cell transfection, and commercial development of these tools, are discussed. To enhance the characterization of transfection techniques and uptake by the clinical community, a list of in vitro and in vivo assays to perform, along with relevant protocols, is recommended. The overall aim, herein, is to motivate the development of novel materials to meet rising demand in transfection for clinical CAR-T cell manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun R K Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Yufeng Shou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Brian Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Krishaa L
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Andy Tay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
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26
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Systematically Studying Dissolution Process of 3D Printed Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Mold for Creation of Complex and Fully Transparent Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Fluidic Devices. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-021-00009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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27
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Sachdeva S, Davis RW, Saha AK. Microfluidic Point-of-Care Testing: Commercial Landscape and Future Directions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:602659. [PMID: 33520958 PMCID: PMC7843572 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.602659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT) allows physicians to detect and diagnose diseases at or near the patient site, faster than conventional lab-based testing. The importance of POCT is considerably amplified in the trying times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Numerous point-of-care tests and diagnostic devices are available in the market including, but not limited to, glucose monitoring, pregnancy and infertility testing, infectious disease testing, cholesterol testing and cardiac markers. Integrating microfluidics in POCT allows fluid manipulation and detection in a singular device with minimal sample requirements. This review presents an overview of two technologies - (a.) Lateral Flow Assay (LFA) and (b.) Nucleic Acid Amplification - upon which a large chunk of microfluidic POCT diagnostics is based, some of their applications, and commercially available products. Apart from this, we also delve into other microfluidic-based diagnostics that currently dominate the in-vitro diagnostic (IVD) market, current testing landscape for COVID-19 and prospects of microfluidics in next generation diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amit K. Saha
- Genome Technology Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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28
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Jiang K, Jokhun DS, Lim CT. Microfluidic detection of human diseases: From liquid biopsy to COVID-19 diagnosis. J Biomech 2021; 117:110235. [PMID: 33486262 PMCID: PMC7832952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices can be thought of as comprising interconnected miniaturized compartments performing multiple experimental tasks individually or in parallel in an integrated fashion. Due to its small size, portability, and low cost, attempts have been made to incorporate detection assays into microfluidic platforms for diseases such as cancer and infection. Some of these technologies have served as point-of-care and sample-to-answer devices. The methods for detecting biomarkers in different diseases usually share similar principles and can conveniently be adapted to cope with arising health challenges. The COVID-19 pandemic is one such challenge that is testing the performance of both our conventional and newly-developed disease diagnostic technologies. In this mini-review, we will first look at the progress made in the past few years in applying microfluidics for liquid biopsy and infectious disease detection. Following that, we will use the current pandemic as an example to discuss how such technological advancements can help in the current health challenge and better prepare us for future ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Jiang
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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29
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Jameel S. Global Biological Threats: Novel Tools and Multi-Disciplinary Approaches to Sustainable Development. J Indian Inst Sci 2020; 100:603-610. [PMID: 33013021 PMCID: PMC7520074 DOI: 10.1007/s41745-020-00187-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has raised awareness of future biological threats, how we can prepare and develop mitigation strategies. Technology has allowed us to quickly identify the pathogen, map its evolution in real time and develop scores of vaccines within months. This review looks at disease threats from a perspective of human development, and the futuristic technologies that may help in the fight. Most importantly, cooperation across political and ideological boundaries would be needed in a highly inter-connected world. A new disease emerging anywhere is a threat everywhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Jameel
- DBT/Wellcome Trust India Alliance, New Delhi, India.,Trivedi School of Biosciences, Ashoka University, Sonepat, India
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30
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Burklund A, Petryk JD, Hoopes PJ, Zhang JXJ. Microfluidic enrichment of bacteria coupled to contact-free lysis on a magnetic polymer surface for downstream molecular detection. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:034115. [PMID: 32642021 PMCID: PMC7316515 DOI: 10.1063/5.0011908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We report on a microsystem that couples high-throughput bacterial immunomagnetic capture to contact-free cell lysis using an alternating current magnetic field (AMF) to enable downstream molecular characterization of bacterial nucleic acids. Traditional methods for cell lysis rely on either dilutive chemical methods, expensive biological reagents, or imprecise physical methods. We present a microchip with a magnetic polymer substrate (Mag-Polymer microchip), which enables highly controlled, on-chip heating of biological targets following exposure to an AMF. First, we present a theoretical framework for the quantitation of power generation for single-domain magnetic nanoparticles embedded in a polymer matrix. Next, we demonstrate successful bacterial DNA recovery by coupling (1) high-throughput, sensitive microfluidic immunomagnetic capture of bacteria to (2) on-chip, contact-free bacterial lysis using an AMF. The bacterial capture efficiency exceeded 76% at 50 ml/h at cell loads as low as ∼10 CFU/ml, and intact DNA was successfully recovered at starting bacterial concentrations as low as ∼1000 CFU/ml. Using the presented methodology, cell lysis becomes non-dilutive, temperature is precisely controlled, and potential contamination risks are eliminated. This workflow and substrate modification could be easily integrated in a range of micro-scale diagnostic systems for infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Burklund
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - James D. Petryk
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
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31
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Hochstetter A. Lab-on-a-Chip Technologies for the Single Cell Level: Separation, Analysis, and Diagnostics. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E468. [PMID: 32365567 PMCID: PMC7281269 DOI: 10.3390/mi11050468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the last three decades, microfluidics and its applications have been on an exponential rise, including approaches to isolate rare cells and diagnose diseases on the single-cell level. The techniques mentioned herein have already had significant impacts in our lives, from in-the-field diagnosis of disease and parasitic infections, through home fertility tests, to uncovering the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and their host cells. This review gives an overview of the field in general and the most notable developments of the last five years, in three parts: 1. What can we detect? 2. Which detection technologies are used in which setting? 3. How do these techniques work? Finally, this review discusses potentials, shortfalls, and an outlook on future developments, especially in respect to the funding landscape and the field-application of these chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Hochstetter
- Experimentalphysik, Universität des Saarlandes, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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32
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Miesler T, Wimschneider C, Brem A, Meinel L. Frugal Innovation for Point-of-Care Diagnostics Controlling Outbreaks and Epidemics. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:2709-2725. [PMID: 33463254 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Today epidemics of infectious diseases occur more often and spread both faster and further due to globalization and changes in our lifestyle. One way to meet these biological threats are so-called "Frugal Innovations", which focus on the development of affordable, rapid, and easy-to-use diagnostics with widespread use. In this context, point-of-care-tests (POCTs), performed at the patient's bedside, reduce extensive waiting times and unnecessary treatments and enable effective containment measures. This Perspective covers advances in POCT diagnostics on the basis of frugal innovation characteristics that will enable a faster, less expensive, and more convenient reaction to upcoming epidemics. Established POCT systems on the health care market, as well as currently evolving technological advancements in that sector are discussed. Progress in POCT technology and insights on how to most effectively use them allows the handling of more patients in a shorter time frame and consequently improves clinical outcomes at lower cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Miesler
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Christine Wimschneider
- Chair of Technology Management, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dr.-Mack-Str. 81, 90762 Fürth, Germany
| | - Alexander Brem
- Institute of Entrepreneurship & Innovation, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 19, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 1, 6400 Sonderborg, Denmark
| | - Lorenz Meinel
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
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33
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Yin J, Zou Z, Hu Z, Zhang S, Zhang F, Wang B, Lv S, Mu Y. A "sample-in-multiplex-digital-answer-out" chip for fast detection of pathogens. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:979-986. [PMID: 32003380 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc01143a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care (POC) testing offers rapid diagnostic results. However, the quantification of current methods is performed using standard curves and external references, and not direct and absolute quantification. This paper describes an integrated multiplex digital recombinase polymerase amplification (ImdRPA) microfluidic chip which combines DNA extraction, multiplex digital RPA and fluorescence detection together in one chip, creating a "sample-in-multiplex-digital-answer-out" system. Multi-layer soft lithography technology was used, with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the chip material and a glass slide as the substrate. This microfluidic chip has a six-layer structure and screw microvalve control function. The sample preparation for the chip involved magnetic bead-based nucleic acid extraction, which was completed within 15 min without any instrument dependence. The dRPA region was divided into 4 regions (3 positive detection areas and 1 negative control area) and included a total of 12 800 chambers, with each chamber being able to contain a volume of 2.7 nL. The screw valve allowed for the reaction components of each specific goal to be pre-embedded in different regions of the chambers. The reagents were passively driven into the dRPA region using vacuum-based self-priming introduction. Furthermore, we successfully demonstrated that the chip can simultaneously detect three species of pathogenic bacteria within 45 min and give digital quantitative results without the need to establish a standard curve in contaminated milk. Moreover, the detection limit of this ImdRPA microfluidic chip was found to be 10 bacterial cells for each kind of pathogen. These characteristics enhance its applicability for rapid detection of foodborne bacteria at the point-of-care (POC). We envision that the further development of this integrated chip will lead to rapid, multiplex and accurate detection of foodborne bacteria in a feasible manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juxin Yin
- Research Centre for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, P. R. China. and Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Zheyu Zou
- Research Centre for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, P. R. China. and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Zhenming Hu
- Research Centre for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, P. R. China.
| | - Shan Zhang
- Research Centre for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, P. R. China. and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | | | - Ben Wang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Shaowu Lv
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
| | - Ying Mu
- Research Centre for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, P. R. China.
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34
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Paper-based point-of-care immunoassays: Recent advances and emerging trends. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 39:107442. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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35
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Abstract
Microfluidics is an emerging field in diagnostics that allows for extremely precise fluid control and manipulation, enabling rapid and high-throughput sample processing in integrated micro-scale medical systems. These platforms are well-suited for both standard clinical settings and point-of-care applications. The unique features of microfluidics-based platforms make them attractive for early disease diagnosis and real-time monitoring of the disease and therapeutic efficacy. In this chapter, we will first provide a background on microfluidic fundamentals, microfluidic fabrication technologies, microfluidic reactors, and microfluidic total-analysis-systems. Next, we will move into a discussion on the clinical applications of existing and emerging microfluidic platforms for blood analysis, and for diagnosis and monitoring of cancer and infectious disease. Together, this chapter should elucidate the potential that microfluidic systems have in the development of effective diagnostic technologies through a review of existing technologies and promising directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Burklund
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Amogha Tadimety
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Yuan Nie
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Nanjing Hao
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - John X J Zhang
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States.
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36
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Chen H, Liu K, Li Z, Wang P. Point of care testing for infectious diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 493:138-147. [PMID: 30853460 PMCID: PMC6462423 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms and can be transmitted between individuals and populations thus threatening the general public health and potentially the economy. Efficient diagnostic tools are needed to provide accurate and timely guidance for case identification, transmission disruption and appropriate treatment administration. Point of care (POC) tests provide actionable results near the patient and thereby serve as a personal "radar". In this review, we review clinical needs for POC testing for several major pathogens, including malaria parasites, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human papillomavirus (HPV), dengue, Ebola and Zika viruses and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB). We compare different molecular approaches, including pathogen nucleic acid and protein, circulating microRNA and antibodies, used in the POC tests. Finally, we review recent advances in novel POC technologies focusing on microfluidic and plasmonic-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Kengku Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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37
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Rajendran VK, Bakthavathsalam P, Bergquist PL, Sunna A. A portable nucleic acid detection system using natural convection combined with a smartphone. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 134:68-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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38
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Theillet G, Grard G, Galla M, Maisse C, Enguehard M, Cresson M, Dalbon P, Leparc-Goffart IL, Bedin F. Detection of chikungunya virus-specific IgM on laser-cut paper-based device using pseudo-particles as capture antigen. J Med Virol 2019; 91:899-910. [PMID: 30734316 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of arbovirus infections has increased dramatically in recent decades, affecting hundreds of millions of people each year. The Togaviridae family includes the chikungunya virus (CHIKV), which is typically transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes and causes a wide range of symptoms from flu-like fever to severe arthralgia. Although conventional diagnostic tests can provide early diagnosis of CHIKV infections, access to these tests is often limited in developing countries. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop efficient, affordable, simple, rapid, and robust diagnostic tools that can be used in point-of-care settings. Early diagnosis is crucial to improve patient management and to reduce the risk of complications. A glass-fiber laser-cut microfluidic device (paper-based analytical device [PAD]) was designed and evaluated in a proof of principle context, for the analysis of 30 µL of patient serum. Biological raw materials used for the functionalization of the PAD were first screened by MAC-ELISA (IgM capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) for CHIKV Immunoglobulin M (IgM) capture and then evaluated on the PAD using various human samples. Compared with viral lysate traditionally used for chikungunya (CHIK) serology, CHIKV pseudo-particles (PPs) have proven to be powerful antigens for specific IgM capture. The PAD was able to detect CHIKV IgM in human sera in less than 10 minutes. Results obtained in patient sera showed a sensitivity of 70.6% and a specificity of around 98%. The PAD showed few cross-reactions with other tropical viral diseases. The PAD could help health workers in the early diagnosis of tropical diseases such as CHIK, which require specific management protocols in at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Theillet
- bioMérieux, Innovations New Immuno-Concepts department, Chemin de l'Orme, Marcy-l'Etoile, France.,Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Gilda Grard
- Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France.,IRBA, Unité de virologie, CNR des Arbovirus, HIA Laveran, Marseille, France
| | - Mathilde Galla
- Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France.,IRBA, Unité de virologie, CNR des Arbovirus, HIA Laveran, Marseille, France
| | - Carine Maisse
- Infections Virales et Pathologie Comparée, UMR754, INRA, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Margot Enguehard
- Ecologie Microbienne CNRS UMR 5557, INRA UMR1418, Villeurbanne, France.,CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Unit of Interspecies transmission of arboviruses and antivirals, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Marie Cresson
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Unit of Interspecies transmission of arboviruses and antivirals, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,IVPC UMR754, INRA, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, EPHE, PSL Research University, Lyon, France
| | - Pascal Dalbon
- bioMérieux, Innovations New Immuno-Concepts department, Chemin de l'Orme, Marcy-l'Etoile, France
| | - Isabelle Leparc Leparc-Goffart
- Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France.,IRBA, Unité de virologie, CNR des Arbovirus, HIA Laveran, Marseille, France
| | - Frederic Bedin
- bioMérieux, Innovations New Immuno-Concepts department, Chemin de l'Orme, Marcy-l'Etoile, France
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39
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Liu Y, Yang Q, Cao L, Xu F. Analysis of Leukocyte Behaviors on Microfluidic Chips. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801406. [PMID: 30672149 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The orchestration of massive leukocytes in the immune system protects humans from invading pathogens and abnormal cells in the body. So far, researches focusing on leukocyte behaviors are performed based on both in vivo and in vitro models. The in vivo animal models are usually less controllable due to their extreme complexity and nonignorable species issue. Therefore, many researchers turn to in vitro models. With the advances in micro/nanofabrication, the microfluidic chip has emerged as a novel platform for model construction in multiple biomedical research fields. Specifically, the microfluidic chip is used to study leukocyte behaviors, due to its incomparable advantages in high throughput, precise control, and flexible integration. Moreover, the small size of the microstructures on the microfluidic chip can better mimic the native microenvironment of leukocytes, which contributes to a more reliable recapitulation. Herein are reviewed the recent advances in microfluidic chip-based leukocyte behavior analysis to provide an overview of this field. Detailed discussions are specifically focused on host defense against pathogens, immunodiagnosis, and immunotherapy studies on microfluidic chips. Finally, the current technical challenges are discussed, as well as possible innovations in this field to improve the related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC); Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Qingzhen Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC); Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Lei Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC); Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC); Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
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Ceylan O, Mishra GK, Yazici M, Qureshi A, Niazi JH, Gurbuz Y. A Hand-Held Point-of-Care Biosensor Device for Detection of Multiple Cancer and Cardiac Disease Biomarkers Using Interdigitated Capacitive Arrays. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2018; 12:1440-1449. [PMID: 30605085 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2018.2870297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a hand-held point-of-care device that incorporates a lab-on-a-chip module with interdigitated capacitive biosensors for label-free detection of multiple cancer and cardiovascular disease biomarkers. The developed prototype is comprised of a cartridge incorporating capacitive biodetection sensors, a sensitive capacitive readout electronics enclosed in a hand-held unit, and data analysis software calculating the concentration of biomarkers using previously stored reference database. The capacitive biodetection sensors are made of interdigitated circular electrodes, which are preactivated with single (for detecting one biomarker) or multiple specific antibodies (for detecting multiple disease biomarkers). Detection principle of capacitive biosensor is based on measuring the level of capacitance change between interdigitated electrode pairs induced by the change in dielectric constant due to affinity-based electron exchange in between antibodies/antigens and electrodes. The more antibody-antigens binding occurs, the more capacitance change is measured due to the change in dielectric constant of the capacitance media. The device uses preactivated ready-to-use cartridges embedded with capacitive biosensors with shelf-life of three months under optimal conditions, and is capable of onsite diagnosis and can report the result in less than 30 min. The device is verified with real patient blood samples for six different disease biomarkers.
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Honrado C, Ciuffreda L, Spencer D, Ranford-Cartwright L, Morgan H. Dielectric characterization of Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells using microfluidic impedance cytometry. J R Soc Interface 2018; 15:rsif.2018.0416. [PMID: 30333248 PMCID: PMC6228484 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although malaria is the world's most life-threatening parasitic disease, there is no clear understanding of how certain biophysical properties of infected cells change during the malaria infection cycle. In this article, we use microfluidic impedance cytometry to measure the dielectric properties of Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells (i-RBCs) at specific time points during the infection cycle. Individual parasites were identified within i-RBCs using green fluorescent protein (GFP) emission. The dielectric properties of cell sub-populations were determined using the multi-shell model. Analysis showed that the membrane capacitance and cytoplasmic conductivity of i-RBCs increased along the infection time course, due to membrane alterations caused by parasite infection. The volume ratio occupied by the parasite was estimated to vary from less than 10% at earlier stages, to approximately 90% at later stages. This knowledge could be used to develop new label-free cell sorting techniques for sample pre-enrichment, improving diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Honrado
- Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - L Ciuffreda
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - D Spencer
- Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - L Ranford-Cartwright
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - H Morgan
- Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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High-Throughput Microfluidic Sorting of Live Magnetotactic Bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.01308-18. [PMID: 29959254 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01308-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are useful for many biomedical applications, but it is challenging to synthetically produce them in large numbers with uniform properties and surface functionalization. Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) produce magnetosomes with homogenous sizes, shapes, and magnetic properties. Consequently, there is interest in using MTB as biological factories for MNP production. Nonetheless, MTB can only be grown to low yields, and wild-type strains produce low numbers of MNPs/bacterium. There are also limited technologies to facilitate the selection of MTB with different magnetic contents, such as MTB with compromised and enhanced biomineralization ability. Here, we describe a magnetic microfluidic platform combined with transient cold/alkaline treatment to temporarily reduce the rapid flagellar motion of MTB without compromising their long-term proliferation and biomineralization ability for separating MTB on the basis of their magnetic contents. This strategy enables live MTB to be enriched, which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been achieved with another previously described magnetic microfluidic device that makes use of ferrofluid and heat. Our device also facilitates the high-throughput (25,000 cells/min) separation of wild-type Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense (MSR-1) from nonmagnetic ΔmamAB MSR-1 mutants with a sensitivity of up to 80% and isolation purity of up to 95%, as confirmed with a gold-standard fluorescent-activated cell sorter (FACS) technique. This offers a 25-fold higher throughput than other previously described magnetic microfluidic platforms (1,000 cells/min). The device can also be used to isolate Magnetospirillum magneticum (AMB-1) mutants with different ranges of magnetosome numbers with efficiencies close to theoretical estimates. We believe this technology will facilitate the magnetic characterization of genetically engineered MTB for a variety of applications, including using MTB for large-scale, controlled MNP production.IMPORTANCE Our magnetic microfluidic technology can greatly facilitate biological applications with magnetotactic bacteria, from selection and screening to analysis. This technology will be of interest to microbiologists, chemists, and bioengineers who are interested in the biomineralization and selection of magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) for applications such as directed evolution and magnetogenetics.
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Martinez-Cisneros C, da Rocha Z, Seabra A, Valdés F, Alonso-Chamarro J. Highly integrated autonomous lab-on-a-chip device for on-line and in situ determination of environmental chemical parameters. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:1884-1890. [PMID: 29869662 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00309b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The successful integration of sample pretreatment stages, sensors, actuators and electronics in microfluidic devices enables the attainment of complete micro total analysis systems, also known as lab-on-a-chip devices. In this work, we present a novel monolithic autonomous microanalyzer that integrates microfluidics, electronics, a highly sensitive photometric detection system and a sample pretreatment stage consisting on an embedded microcolumn, all in the same device, for on-line determination of relevant environmental parameters. The microcolumn can be filled/emptied with any resin or powder substrate whenever required, paving the way for its application to several analytical processes: separation, pre-concentration or ionic-exchange. To promote its autonomous operation, avoiding issues caused by bubbles in photometric detection systems, an efficient monolithic bubble removal structure was also integrated. To demonstrate its feasibility, the microanalyzer was successfully used to determine nitrate and nitrite in continuous flow conditions, providing real time and continuous information.
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Abdulbari HA, Ling FWM, Hassan Z, Thin HJ. Experimental investigations on biopolymer in enhancing the liquid flow in microchannel. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.22084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hayder A. Abdulbari
- Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow; Universiti Malaysia Pahang; Kuantan Pahang Malaysia
| | - Fiona W. M. Ling
- Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow; Universiti Malaysia Pahang; Kuantan Pahang Malaysia
| | - Zulkafli Hassan
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Natural Resources; University Malaysia Pahang; Kuantan Pahang Malaysia
| | - Heng J. Thin
- Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow; Universiti Malaysia Pahang; Kuantan Pahang Malaysia
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Huang TH, Tzeng YL, Dickson RM. FAST: Rapid determinations of antibiotic susceptibility phenotypes using label-free cytometry. Cytometry A 2018; 93:639-648. [PMID: 29733508 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis, a life-threatening immune response to blood infections (bacteremia), has a ∼30% mortality rate and is the 10th leading cause of US hospital deaths. The typical bacterial loads in adult septic patients are ≤100 bacterial cells (colony forming units, CFU) per ml blood, while pediatric patients exhibit only ∼1000 CFU/ml. Due to the low numbers, bacteria must be propagated through ∼24-hours blood cultures to generate sufficient CFUs for diagnosis and further analyses. Herein, we demonstrate that, unlike other rapid post-blood culture antibiotic susceptibility tests (ASTs), our phenotypic approach can drastically accelerate ASTs for the most common sepsis-causing gram-negative pathogens by circumventing long blood culture-based amplification. For all blood isolates of multi-drug resistant pathogens investigated (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter nosocomialis), effective antibiotic(s) were readily identified within the equivalent of 8 hours from initial blood draw using <0.5 mL of adult blood per antibiotic. These methods should drastically improve patient outcomes by significantly reducing time to actionable treatment information and reduce the incidence of antibiotic resistance. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hsueh Huang
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332-0400
| | - Yih-Ling Tzeng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322
| | - Robert M Dickson
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332-0400
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Ragavan K, Kumar S, Swaraj S, Neethirajan S. Advances in biosensors and optical assays for diagnosis and detection of malaria. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 105:188-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Lee SWL, Adriani G, Ceccarello E, Pavesi A, Tan AT, Bertoletti A, Kamm RD, Wong SC. Characterizing the Role of Monocytes in T Cell Cancer Immunotherapy Using a 3D Microfluidic Model. Front Immunol 2018; 9:416. [PMID: 29559973 PMCID: PMC5845585 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma tumor microenvironment (TME), monocytes reportedly impede natural T cell functions via PD-L1/PD-1 signaling. However, it remains unclear if T cell receptor-redirected T cells (TCR T cells) are similarly inhibited. Hence, we developed a 3D intrahepatic TME microfluidic model to investigate the immunosuppressive potential of monocytes toward HBV-specific TCR T cells and the role of PD-L1/PD-1 signaling. Interestingly, in our 3D static microfluidic model, we observed that monocytes suppressed only retrovirally transduced (Tdx) TCR T cell cytotoxicity toward cancer cells via PD-L1/PD-1, while mRNA electroporated (EP) TCR T cell cytotoxicity was not affected by the presence of monocytes. Importantly, when co-cultured in 2D, both Tdx and EP TCR T cell cytotoxicity toward cancer cells were not suppressed by monocytes, suggesting our 3D model as a superior tool compared to standard 2D assays for predicting TCR T cell efficacy in a preclinical setting, which can thus be used to improve current immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Wei Ling Lee
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Biomedical Sciences Institute, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Giulia Adriani
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Erica Ceccarello
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea Pavesi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anthony Tanoto Tan
- Programme of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Antonio Bertoletti
- Programme of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger Dale Kamm
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Siew Cheng Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Biomedical Sciences Institute, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
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Lee SWL, Adriani G, Ceccarello E, Pavesi A, Tan AT, Bertoletti A, Kamm RD, Wong SC. Characterizing the Role of Monocytes in T Cell Cancer Immunotherapy Using a 3D Microfluidic Model. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29559973 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00416/full] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In the hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma tumor microenvironment (TME), monocytes reportedly impede natural T cell functions via PD-L1/PD-1 signaling. However, it remains unclear if T cell receptor-redirected T cells (TCR T cells) are similarly inhibited. Hence, we developed a 3D intrahepatic TME microfluidic model to investigate the immunosuppressive potential of monocytes toward HBV-specific TCR T cells and the role of PD-L1/PD-1 signaling. Interestingly, in our 3D static microfluidic model, we observed that monocytes suppressed only retrovirally transduced (Tdx) TCR T cell cytotoxicity toward cancer cells via PD-L1/PD-1, while mRNA electroporated (EP) TCR T cell cytotoxicity was not affected by the presence of monocytes. Importantly, when co-cultured in 2D, both Tdx and EP TCR T cell cytotoxicity toward cancer cells were not suppressed by monocytes, suggesting our 3D model as a superior tool compared to standard 2D assays for predicting TCR T cell efficacy in a preclinical setting, which can thus be used to improve current immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Wei Ling Lee
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Biomedical Sciences Institute, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Giulia Adriani
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Erica Ceccarello
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea Pavesi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anthony Tanoto Tan
- Programme of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Antonio Bertoletti
- Programme of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger Dale Kamm
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Siew Cheng Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Biomedical Sciences Institute, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
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Advances in point-of-care technologies for molecular diagnostics. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 98:494-506. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Abstract
Since the turn of the century, a remarkable expansion has been achieved in the range and effectiveness of products and strategies available to prevent, treat, and control malaria, including advances in diagnostics, drugs, vaccines, and vector control. These advances have once again put malaria elimination on the agenda. However, it is clear that even with the means available today, malaria control and elimination pose a formidable challenge in many settings. Thus, currently available resources must be used more effectively, and new products and approaches likely to achieve these goals must be developed. This paper considers tools (both those available and others that may be required) to achieve and maintain malaria elimination. New diagnostics are needed to direct treatment and detect transmission potential; new drugs and vaccines to overcome existing resistance and protect against clinical and severe disease, as well as block transmission and prevent relapses; and new vector control measures to overcome insecticide resistance and more powerfully interrupt transmission. It is also essential that strategies for combining new and existing approaches are developed for different settings to maximise their longevity and effectiveness in areas with continuing transmission and receptivity. For areas where local elimination has been recently achieved, understanding which measures are needed to maintain elimination is necessary to prevent rebound and the reestablishment of transmission. This becomes increasingly important as more countries move towards elimination.
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