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Slavinskienė G, Grigonis A, Ivaškienė M, Sinkevičienė I, Andrulevičiūtė V, Ivanauskas L, Juodžentė D, Ramanauskienė K, Daunoras G. A Comparative Study of the Chemical Properties and Antibacterial Activity of Four Different Ozonated Oils for Veterinary Purposes. Vet Sci 2024; 11:161. [PMID: 38668428 PMCID: PMC11053594 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11040161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious skin diseases are quite common in veterinary medicine. These diseases can be caused by both bacteria and pathogenic fungi. Antimicrobial drugs are usually used for treatment. An alternative to these drugs could be ozonated oils with antibacterial and antifungal properties. Four different ozonated oils (linseed, hemp seed, sunflower, and olive) were tested in order to develop an optimal pharmaceutical form for the treatment of skin infections in animals. Chemical parameters such as acid and acidity value, iodine and peroxide value, viscosity, and infrared spectres were analysed. The ozonation of oils resulted in changes in their chemical composition. The antimicrobial activity of the tested oils was evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations and zones of inhibition in agar. After ozonation, the acid content increased in all the tested oils. The highest acidity was found in linseed oil (13.00 ± 0.11 mg KOH/g; 6.1%). Hemp oil, whose acidity was also significant (second only to linseed oil), was the least acidified by ozonation (11.45 ± 0.09 mg KOH/g; 5.75%). After ozonation, the iodine value in oils was significantly reduced (45-93%), and the highest amounts of iodine value remained in linseed (47.50 ± 11.94 g Iodine/100 g oil) and hemp (44.77 ± 1.41 Iodine/100 g oil) oils. The highest number of peroxides after the ozonation of oils was found in sunflower oil (382 ± 9.8 meqO2/kg). It was found that ozonated hemp and linseed oils do not solidify and remain in liquid form when the temperature drops. The results showed a tendency for the reference strains of S. aureus, E. faecalis, and E. coli to have broader zones of inhibition (p < 0.001) than clinical strains. Overall, ozonated linseed oil had the highest antibacterial activity, and ozonated olive oil had the lowest, as determined by both methods. It was found that ozonated linseed oil was the most effective on bacteria, while the most sensitive were S. aureus ATCC 25923, MRSA, and S. pseudointermedius (MIC 13.5 mg/mL, 4.6 mg/mL, and 13.5 mg/mL, respectively, and sterile zones 20.67 ± 0.98 mm, 20.25 ± 0.45 mm, and 18.25 ± 0.45 mm, respectively). The aim and new aspect of this work is the characterisation of selected ozonated vegetable oils, especially hemp oil, according to chemical and antibacterial parameters, in order to select suitable candidates for preclinical and clinical animal studies in the treatment of bacterial or fungal skin infections in terms of safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielė Slavinskienė
- Dr. L. Kriaučeliūnas Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.G.); (M.I.); (D.J.)
| | - Aidas Grigonis
- Dr. L. Kriaučeliūnas Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.G.); (M.I.); (D.J.)
| | - Marija Ivaškienė
- Dr. L. Kriaučeliūnas Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.G.); (M.I.); (D.J.)
| | - Ingrida Sinkevičienė
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (I.S.); (V.A.)
| | - Vaida Andrulevičiūtė
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (I.S.); (V.A.)
| | - Liudas Ivanauskas
- Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Dalia Juodžentė
- Dr. L. Kriaučeliūnas Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.G.); (M.I.); (D.J.)
| | - Kristina Ramanauskienė
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Gintaras Daunoras
- Dr. L. Kriaučeliūnas Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.G.); (M.I.); (D.J.)
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Pivotto AP, de Souza Lima LB, Michelon A, Ferreira CZP, Gandra RF, Ayala TS, Menolli RA. Topical application of ozonated sunflower oil accelerates the healing of lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis in mice under meglumine antimoniate treatment. Med Microbiol Immunol 2024; 213:4. [PMID: 38532203 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-024-00788-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Besides being scarce, the drugs available for treating cutaneous leishmaniasis have many adverse effects. Ozone is an option to enhance the standard treatment due to the wound-healing activity reported in the literature. In this study, we evaluated the efficiency of ozonated sunflower oil as an adjuvant in treating cutaneous lesions caused by Leishmania amazonensis. BALB/c mice were infected with L. amazonensis, and after the lesions appeared, they were treated in four different schedules using the drug treatment with meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime®), with or without ozonated oil. After thirty days of treatment, the lesions' thickness and their parasitic burden, blood leukocytes, production of NO and cytokines from peritoneal macrophages and lymph node cells were analyzed. The group treated with ozonated oil plus meglumine antimoniate showed the best performance, improving the lesion significantly. The parasitic burden showed that ozonated oil enhanced the leishmanicidal activity of the treatment, eliminating the parasites in the lesion. Besides, a decrease in the TNF levels from peritoneal macrophages and blood leukocytes demonstrated an immunomodulatory action of ozone in the ozonated oil-treated animals compared to the untreated group. Thus, ozonated sunflower oil therapy has been shown as an adjuvant in treating Leishmania lesions since this treatment enhanced the leishmanicidal and wound healing effects of meglumine antimoniate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Pivotto
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Center of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western Parana State University, Cascavel, PR, Zip Code 85819-110, Brazil
| | - Lucas Bonatto de Souza Lima
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Center of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western Parana State University, Cascavel, PR, Zip Code 85819-110, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Michelon
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Center of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western Parana State University, Cascavel, PR, Zip Code 85819-110, Brazil
| | - Camilla Zottesso Pellon Ferreira
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Center of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western Parana State University, Cascavel, PR, Zip Code 85819-110, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo Ferreira Gandra
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Western Parana University Hospital, Western Parana State University, Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Thaís Soprani Ayala
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Center of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western Parana State University, Cascavel, PR, Zip Code 85819-110, Brazil
| | - Rafael Andrade Menolli
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Center of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western Parana State University, Cascavel, PR, Zip Code 85819-110, Brazil.
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Rodrigues VS, Trevisan LAC, Cintra BS, Pires RH, Ribeiro AB, Tavares DC, Oberhaus E, Ferreira JC. Effectiveness of photo-ozone therapy against equine Pythium insidiosum. J Equine Vet Sci 2024; 134:105030. [PMID: 38342358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Cutaneous pythiosis is a life-threatening infectious disease. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and ozone (O3) have been used individually in the treatment of infected wounds. The goals of the study were a) to characterize the antimicrobial action of the photo-ozone therapy (LLLT-O3) against equine Pythium insidiosum, and b) to assess the cytotoxic potential of the LLLT-O3 in keratinocytes. Specimens of pathogen were isolated from 10 horses. After culturing, 120 hyphae plugs were distributed among four groups (n=30 hyphae plugs/group): LLLT (laser irradiation for 160 sec;), O3 (exposition to O3 for 15 min;), LLLT-O3 (LLLT and O3 treatments in sequence) and control (untreated plugs). The hyphae growth was measured during the first 14 days post-treatment. Where there was an absence of hyphae growth, the plug was recultured for an additional 7 days. The cytotoxic potential of the treatments against HaCaT keratinocytes was assessed by colorimetric assays. The LLLT-O3 and O3 treatments inactivated, respectively, 92.3% (28/30) and 30% (9/30) of the samples. No growth was detected after 7 days reculture of inactivated hyphae plugs on new media. Hyphae growth was visualized in 100% of the control and LLLT hyphae plugs. The viability of HaCaT cells was not affected by the isolated treatments (LLLT and O3), while the LLLT-O3 showed slight cytotoxic effect (20%) when compared to the control group (P<0.05). Photo-ozone therapy inactivated equine P. insidiosum hyphae with minimal cytotoxicity in skin cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Rodrigues
- Post-graduation Program in Animal Sciences, University of Franca, 201 Dr. Armando de Sáles Oliveira, Franca, SP, Brazil, 14404-600
| | - L A C Trevisan
- Post-graduation Program in Animal Sciences, University of Franca, 201 Dr. Armando de Sáles Oliveira, Franca, SP, Brazil, 14404-600
| | - B S Cintra
- Post-graduation Program in Animal Sciences, University of Franca, 201 Dr. Armando de Sáles Oliveira, Franca, SP, Brazil, 14404-600
| | - R H Pires
- Post-graduation Program in Animal Sciences, University of Franca, 201 Dr. Armando de Sáles Oliveira, Franca, SP, Brazil, 14404-600
| | - A B Ribeiro
- Post-graduation Program in Animal Sciences, University of Franca, 201 Dr. Armando de Sáles Oliveira, Franca, SP, Brazil, 14404-600
| | - D C Tavares
- Post-graduation Program in Animal Sciences, University of Franca, 201 Dr. Armando de Sáles Oliveira, Franca, SP, Brazil, 14404-600
| | - E Oberhaus
- School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University, 201D Animal & Food Sciences Lab Bldg., Baton Rouge, LA, USA, 70803
| | - J C Ferreira
- Post-graduation Program in Animal Sciences, University of Franca, 201 Dr. Armando de Sáles Oliveira, Franca, SP, Brazil, 14404-600.
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Braga CQ, Zambrano CG, Dos Santos Bermann C, Milech A, Ianiski LB, Soares MP, Pötter L, de Avila Botton S, Pereira DIB. In vitro and ex vivo anti-Pythium insidiosum potential of ozonated sunflower oil. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:867-873. [PMID: 37999913 PMCID: PMC10920596 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study sought to evaluate the in vitro and ex vivo susceptibility of Pythium insidiosum to ozonized sunflower oil (OSO) and verify the morphological alterations of OSO-exposed hyphae. Susceptibility assays were performed according to the broth microdilution protocol M38-A2/CLSI, and the minimal inhibitory (MIC) and minimal oomicidal (MOC) concentrations were also determined. Non-ozonated sunflower oil (SO) was used as the oil control. Additionally, kunkers from equine pythiosis were exposed to OSO. Damages caused by OSO and SO on P. insidiosum hyphae ultrastructure were verified using scanning electron microscopy. The MIC range for OSO was 7000 to 437.5 mg/mL, and the values for SO were higher, ranging from 56000 to 14000 mg/mL. The MOC was equal to MIC for both oil formulations. The OSO fully inhibited the oomycete growth from kunkers, although there was P. insidiosum growth in the kunker control in 24 h of incubation. The SEM analyses showed that both OSO and SO caused morphological alterations in P. insidiosum hyphae, highlighting the presence of cavitation along the hyphae with loss of continuity of the cell wall, which was more evident in the OSO-treated hyphae. The OSO had the best oomicidal activity, leading us to believe that our findings may support future research containing this formulation to be applied in integrative medicine protocols to control pythiosis in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Quintana Braga
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Laboratório de Micologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Campus Universitário Capão Do Leão, Prédio 18, Sala 14, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristina Gomes Zambrano
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Laboratório de Micologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Campus Universitário Capão Do Leão, Prédio 18, Sala 14, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Carolina Dos Santos Bermann
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Laboratório de Micologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Campus Universitário Capão Do Leão, Prédio 18, Sala 14, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Angelita Milech
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Laboratório de Micologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Campus Universitário Capão Do Leão, Prédio 18, Sala 14, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Lara Baccarin Ianiski
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária e Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauro Pereira Soares
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Faculdade de Veterinária, Laboratório Regional de Diagnostico, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciana Pötter
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Departamento de Zootecnia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sônia de Avila Botton
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária e Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária (PPGMV), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela Isabel Brayer Pereira
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Laboratório de Micologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Campus Universitário Capão Do Leão, Prédio 18, Sala 14, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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Ali EM, Abdallah BM. The potential use of ozone as antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic agent in nuts and its effect on nutritional quality. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e263814. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.263814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Ozone gas is considered as a safe antimicrobial agent in food industries. Here, we evaluated the antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activities of ozone against fungal contamination in nuts. The most predominant fungal genera in nuts were Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, and Rhizopus. Ozone (4 ppm) significantly reduced the fungal sporulation of A. flavus and their aflatoxin production. Interestingly, ozone treatment of nuts reduced the total fungal count and increased aflatoxins degradation by approximately 95% and 85%, respectively. Ozone displayed high efficiency to increase the permeability of cell membrane and injury of cell wall of fungi. Increasing the exposure time of ozone in nuts up to 180 minutes showed to reduce the total lipid, carbohydrates, and protein by around 41.2%, 42.7% and 38.4% respectively, in pistachio, almond and peanuts. In conclusion, ozonation is a suitable decontaminating approach for reducing the microbial load in nuts, when used with suitable exposure time.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. M. Ali
- King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia; Cairo University, Egypt
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Donato GG, Appino S, Bertero A, Poletto ML, Nebbia P, Robino P, Varello K, Bozzetta E, Vincenti L, Nervo T. Safety and Effects of a Commercial Ozone Foam Preparation on Endometrial Environment and Fertility of Mares. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 121:104222. [PMID: 36623580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mares' subfertility represents a complex diagnostic and therapeutic challenge and both clinical and subclinical endometritis are considered major causes of impaired fertility. Thanks to its properties, ozone has a big potential as a treatment for equine endometritis. Therefore, the aim of this study is to describe the safety and the effects on endometrium and reproductive parameters of mares of a commercial ozone foam preparation (Riger Spray®). Twenty-four mares were treated during estrus: ozone group with an intrauterine instillation of ozone foam preparation (OG, n=16) and control group with 20 ml of lactated Ringer's solution (CG, n=8). Samples for endometrial cytology were collected before the ozone treatment (T0), after 24 h (T1), after one week (T2), two weeks (T3), and when the subsequent estrous phase was detected (T4). Furthermore, samples for histological examination and uterine swab for bacteriological examination were collected at T0 and T4. At T1, a statistically significant increase of endometrial inflammation in the OG mares compared to T0 (P<.05) and to CG at same time point (P<.05) was observed, but it was already resolved at T2. No differences in endometrial inflammation in CG, biopsy grade before and after the treatment in the two groups, number of mares pregnant at the end of the season and number of mares pregnant at the first cycle were observed. However, the number of inseminations required for pregnancy tended to be lower (P=.0711) in the OG (1.69±0.06) than in CG mares (2.60±0.89).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Guido Donato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - Simonetta Appino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessia Bertero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Nebbia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Patrizia Robino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Katia Varello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Leila Vincenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Tiziana Nervo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
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Liu L, Zeng L, Gao L, Zeng J, Lu J. Ozone therapy for skin diseases: Cellular and molecular mechanisms. Int Wound J 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liyao Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan People's Republic of China
- Medical Ozone Research Center of Central South University Changsha Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Liyue Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan People's Republic of China
- Medical Ozone Research Center of Central South University Changsha Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan People's Republic of China
- Medical Ozone Research Center of Central South University Changsha Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Jinrong Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan People's Republic of China
- Medical Ozone Research Center of Central South University Changsha Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyun Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan People's Republic of China
- Medical Ozone Research Center of Central South University Changsha Hunan People's Republic of China
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Gupta AK, Simkovich AJ, Hall DC. The March Against Onychomycosis: A Systematic Review of the Sanitization Methods for Shoes, Socks, and Textiles. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2022; 112:21-223. [PMID: 36074338 DOI: 10.7547/21-223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Drug-based treatment of superficial fungal infections, such as onychomycosis, is not the only defense. Sanitization of footwear such as shoes, socks/stockings, and other textiles is integral to the prevention of recurrence and reduction of spread for superficial fungal mycoses. The goal of this review was to examine the available methods of sanitization for footwear and textiles against superficial fungal infections. A systematic literature search of various sanitization devices and methods that could be applied to footwear and textiles using PubMed, Scopus, and MEDLINE was performed. Fifty-four studies were found relevant to the different methodologies, devices, and techniques of sanitization as they pertain to superficial fungal infections of the feet. These included topics of basic sanitization, antifungal and antimicrobial materials, sanitization chemicals and powder, laundering, ultraviolet, ozone, nonthermal plasma, microwave radiation, essential oils, and natural plant extracts. In the management of onychomycosis, it is necessary to think beyond treatment of the nail, as infections enter through the skin. Those prone to onychomycosis should examine their environment, including surfaces, shoes, and socks, and ensure that proper sanitization is implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya K Gupta
- *Mediprobe Research Inc, London, Ontario, Canada.,†Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Evaluation of the microbial reduction efficacy and perception of use of an ozonized water spray disinfection technology. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13019. [PMID: 35906472 PMCID: PMC9335460 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16953-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new approaches for the decontamination of surfaces is important to deal with the processes related to exposure to contaminated surfaces. Therefore, was evaluated the efficacy of a disinfection technology using ozonized water (0.7–0.9 ppm of O3) on the surfaces of garments and accessories of volunteers, aiming to reduce the spread of microbial pathogens in the workplace and community. A Log10 microbial reduction of 1.72–2.40 was observed between the surfaces tested. The microbial reductions remained above 60% on most surfaces, and this indicated that the disinfection technology was effective in microbial log reduction regardless of the type of transport used by the volunteers and/or their respective work activities. In association with the evaluation of efficacy, the analysis of the perception of use (approval percentage of 92.45%) was fundamental to consider this technology as an alternative for use as a protective barrier, in conjunction with other preventive measures against microbiological infections, allowing us to contribute to the availability of proven effective devices against the spread of infectious agents in the environment.
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Pir M, Budak F, Metiner K. In vitro antifungal activity of heterocyclic organoboron compounds against Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum canis obtained from clinical isolates. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:1297-1303. [PMID: 35697970 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00777-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro activity of thirty-eight heterocyclic organoboron compounds (1a-o, 2a-j, 3a-m) against clinically isolated dermatophytes Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum canis. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of compounds (1a-o, 2a-j, 3a-m) were determined according to published protocol Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M38-A2 broth microdilution method. The minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) for both T. mentagrophytes and M. canis were found by subculturing each fungal suspension on potato dextrose agar. According to the results, heterocyclic organoboron compounds (1a-o, 2a-j, 3a-m) were found to be more effective against dermatophyte M. canis (MIC = 3.12-25 µg/ml) than T. mentagrophytes (MIC = 12.5-100 µg/ml). Our findings showed that 7-membered heterocyclic organoboron compounds (3a-m) (MIC = 12.5-50 µg/ml) have stronger in vitro antifungal activity against T. mentagrophytes than 5-membered heterocyclic organoboron compounds (1a-o, 2a-j) (MIC = 25-100 µg/ml). The MFC values for all compounds ranged from 6.25 to 200 µg/ml. The limited number of systemic antifungal agents used in the treatment of dermatophyte infections and the presence of side effects have led to the search for new treatment resources in recent years. Therefore, investigation of the effect of heterocyclic organoboron compounds against dermatophytes will be promising for the discovery of new antifungal compounds that have gained great importance today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Pir
- Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technology, Kocaeli Vocational School, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Fatma Budak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Kemal Metiner
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Peng Y, Chen Z, Li Y, Wang Y, Ye C, Xu J, Zhang S. Bacteriostasis and cleaning effect of trace ozone replacing personal care products. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022:1-14. [PMID: 35099355 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2036818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ozone is widely used to inactivate bacteria, fungi, and viruses. In recent years, the treatment of itchy skin diseases (eczema and atopic dermatitis) using trace ozone has also received attention. However, the feasibility of using trace ozone to replace personal care products (PCPs) has rarely been analyzed. In this study, the applicability of trace ozone was evaluated in terms of its efficiency for microbial inactivation in three types of skin microbiomes, cleaning performance on simulated human hair and epidermis, safety for simulated human hair, and contribution to emission reduction. The results revealed that at a 10:1 ratio of ozonated water to bacterial suspension, the inactivation ratios of Malassezia, C. albicans, and S. epidermidis reached 99.63%, 83.47%, and 100%, respectively. In addition, the cleaning performance of an ozone solution (0.4 mg/L) for simulated human skin contaminated with carbon black and sebum could reach 95.89% and 95.63%, respectively, with 5 min of washing. The average scores were 0.40 and 0.37 after 5 min and 10 min of ozone treatments, respectively, indicating that trace ozone does not significantly damage simulated human hair. Results also revealed that the total emissions of COD, TP, and TN would be reduced by 1.29×106, 3.55×103, and 3.63×103 mg/ (household · year), respectively, if PCPs are replaced by trace ozone. In short, our findings indicate that trace ozone is a potential alternative to PCPs. By replacing PCPs with trace ozone, the use of synthetic chemical products can be reduced and carbon emissions from oil extraction can be countered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Peng
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, PR People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, PR People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Chen
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, PR People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzeng Li
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, PR People's Republic of China
| | - Yuantao Wang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, PR People's Republic of China
| | - Chengsong Ye
- Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR People's Republic of China
| | - Junming Xu
- Confosin Technology Co. Ltd., Dongguan, PR People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghua Zhang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, PR People's Republic of China
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12
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Epelle EI, Macfarlane A, Cusack M, Burns A, Thissera B, Mackay W, Rateb ME, Yaseen M. Bacterial and fungal disinfection via ozonation in air. J Microbiol Methods 2022; 194:106431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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13
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Gupta AK, Venkataraman M, Talukder M. Onychomycosis in Older Adults: Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Management. Drugs Aging 2022; 39:191-198. [PMID: 35102533 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-021-00917-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The risk of having onychomycosis increases with age. Data suggest that the prevalence of onychomycosis may be ≥ 20% in subjects aged ≥ 60 years and ≥ 50% in those aged ≥ 70 years. Older males are 2.1 times more prone to onychomycosis than are females. Although most nail dystrophies (approximately 50%) are caused by onychomycosis, proper clinical assessment followed by mycological examination is recommended to exclude other conditions such as nail trauma, lichen planus, and psoriasis. The US FDA-approved onychomycosis treatments are systemic antifungals (terbinafine and itraconazole) for severe onychomycosis and topical antifungals (ciclopirox 8%, efinaconazole 10%, and tavaborole 5%) for mild-to-moderate onychomycosis. Oral fluconazole is used off-label, and itraconazole may be considered for non-dermatophyte onychomycosis. Recently, fosravuconazole was approved in Japan for onychomycosis treatment. Although the treatment options and durations are the same for older patients as for other age groups, a clinical decision should take into account various age-related factors such as comorbidities, polypharmacy, hepatic and renal insufficiency, and noncompliance. Clinicians should also consider possible drug interactions and side effects when choosing a particular antifungal. Since the recurrence rate of onychomycosis is high, older patients should practice sanitization techniques, consider lifestyle changes, and perhaps consider using a topical antifungal as long-term maintenance therapy one to three times per week to prevent the recurrence of onychomycosis or to treat early disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya K Gupta
- Mediprobe Research Inc., 645 Windermere Road, London, ON, N5X 2P1, Canada. .,Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | | | - Mesbah Talukder
- Mediprobe Research Inc., 645 Windermere Road, London, ON, N5X 2P1, Canada
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14
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Haghighizadeh A, Mortezanejad SAF, Dadpour S, Rajabi O. Evaluation of anti-lice topical lotion of ozonated olive oil and comparison of its effect with permethrin shampoo. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2021; 17:58-67. [PMID: 34856913 DOI: 10.2174/1574887116666211202122132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediculosis is an infestation of lice affecting mostly children and spreads by direct contact with the hair of someone infected. Although topical application of a pediculicide such as permethrin shampoo is the most common cure for head lice, the addition of alternative treatments is necessary due to permethrin resistance and some safety concerns, including irritation, burning sensation, tingling, and breathing problems. Recent studies have indicated that ozone, which is an allotropic form of oxygen, may have anti-pediculosis effects. OBJECTIVE This study focused on the evaluation of an ozonated olive oil topical lotion for the treatment of pediculosis and the comparison of its effects with permethrin shampoo. METHODS 121 patients with proven head pediculosis were divided into two groups. They were treated with either topical ozonated olive oil lotion or permethrin shampoo for one week. RESULTS It was shown that the ozonation process enormously improved the physico-chemical properties of olive oil. Specifically, acid and peroxide values increased 60 fold and 200 fold, respectively, while there was a sharp decline for the iodine index (81.8±1.28 to 0 g iodine per 100 g). Additionally, all patients who received the ozonated olive oil lotion were entirely cured after one week of treatment, while those who were treated with permethrin, required to receive more. Statistical analysis of the data also proved this claim. CONCLUSION The prepared lotion has shown significant effects in controlling head lice. Thus, it can be prescribed as an effective anti-pediculosis medicine which is biocompatible and has high potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saba Dadpour
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad. Iran
| | - Omid Rajabi
- Department of pharmaceutical control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Iran
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15
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Zerillo L, Polvere I, Varricchio R, Madera JR, D'Andrea S, Voccola S, Franchini I, Stilo R, Vito P, Zotti T. Antibiofilm and repair activity of ozonated oil in liposome. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 15:1422-1433. [PMID: 34773386 PMCID: PMC9049609 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of medical devices, such as contact lenses, represents a substantial risk of infection, as they can act as scaffolds for formation of microbial biofilms. Recently, the increasing emergency of antibiotic resistance has prompted the development of novel and effective antimicrobial drugs for biofilm treatment, such as oxidizing agents. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Ozodrop® and Ozodrop® gel, commercial names of ozonated oil in liposomes plus hypromellose, on eradication and de novo formation of biofilms on different supports, such as plastic plates and contact lens. Our results demonstrate that ozonated liposomal sunflower oil plus hypromellose have an excellent inhibitory effect on bacterial viability and on both de novo formation and eradication of biofilms produced on plates and contact lens by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, we show that Ozodrop® formulations stimulate expression of antimicrobial peptides and that Ozodrop® gel has a strong repair activity on human epithelial cells, suggesting further applications for the treatment of non‐healing infected wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucrezia Zerillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via dei Mulini, Benevento, 82100, Italy
| | - Immacolata Polvere
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via dei Mulini, Benevento, 82100, Italy
| | | | - Jessica Raffaella Madera
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via dei Mulini, Benevento, 82100, Italy
| | - Silvia D'Andrea
- Genus Biotech, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Serena Voccola
- Genus Biotech, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy.,Consorzio Sannio Tech, Apollosa, Italy
| | | | - Romania Stilo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via dei Mulini, Benevento, 82100, Italy
| | - Pasquale Vito
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via dei Mulini, Benevento, 82100, Italy.,Genus Biotech, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Tiziana Zotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via dei Mulini, Benevento, 82100, Italy.,Genus Biotech, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
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16
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Varol K, Koç AN, Çakır Bayram L, Arda H, Keleş İ, Ünlü M, Güneş V, Ekinci G, Karaca Bekdik İ, Atalay MA. Studies on the Effectiveness of Ozone Therapy on the Treatment of Experimentally Induced Keratitis with Candida albicans in Rabbits. Semin Ophthalmol 2021; 37:253-264. [PMID: 34693871 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2021.1995006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the present study, antifungal activity of ozonated olive oil (OZO) and ozonated distilled water (ODW) in the treatment of experimentally induced keratitis with C. albicans in rabbits were investigated. METHODS The Groups were composed of as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 (n = 5 rabbits, 10 eyes/in each group) and Group 6 (n = 10 rabbits, 20 eyes/in the group). Fourty-eight hours after C. albicans inoculation; Group 1 received fluconazle (FLU)+OZO drops, Group 2 received FLU drop, Group 3 received OZO drop, Group 4 received FLU+ODW drops, Group 5 received ODW drop, Group 6 (infected control group) and Group 7 received PBS drop (negative control group). Treatment continued in all groups for 22 days for every 8 hours. RESULTS Cornea cultures made 24 days post inoculation revealed statistically significant differences (p < 0,05) with concern to C. albicans amounts between Group 6 and Group 1-5. Statistical comparison of corneal opacity and corneal ulcer and conjunctivitis values among the Group 6 and Group 1-5 were also different significantly (p < 0,05) on days 20 and 24 post inoculation. CONCLUSION OZO and ODW were found to be effective in treating C. albicans keratitis in the present study. It has also been proven by this study that ODW contain 26 μg/ml was the most effective in the treatment of C. albicans keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Varol
- Department of Veterinary, Food, Agriculture and Livestock Vocational College of Burdur, University of Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Nedret Koç
- Department of Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Latife Çakır Bayram
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hatice Arda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - İhsan Keleş
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Metin Ünlü
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Vehbi Güneş
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gencay Ekinci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - İlknur Karaca Bekdik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Altay Atalay
- Department of Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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17
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Gupta AK, Venkataraman M, Renaud HJ, Summerbell R, Shear NH, Piguet V. A Paradigm Shift in the Treatment and Management of Onychomycosis. Skin Appendage Disord 2021; 7:351-358. [PMID: 34604322 DOI: 10.1159/000516112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increase in the incidence of onychomycosis, especially in at-risk populations. Onychomycosis is difficult to treat, as the efficacy of most antifungal agents is relatively low. Nondermatophyte molds (NDMs) and mixed infection (dermatophyte plus NDM) onychomycosis are contributing to growing antifungal resistance, as they are often underestimated and ignored due to incorrect diagnosis. There is a need for a paradigm shift in the management of onychomycosis to a patient-centered, holistic approach with an emphasis on laboratory diagnosis prior to initiating treatment, which enables the rational choice of the antifungal agent. Additionally, in the case of resistant infections, antifungal susceptibility testing is recommended. Strategies for effective management of onychomycosis include disinfection of fungal reservoirs in shoes and socks and prophylaxis posttreatment using topical antifungal agents. These measures may reduce the recurrence of onychomycosis and improve long-term clinical success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya K Gupta
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Mediprobe Research Inc., London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Richard Summerbell
- Sporometrics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neil H Shear
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Dermatology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vincent Piguet
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Dermatology, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Alhilal M, Sulaiman YAM, Alhilal S, Gomha SM, Ouf SA. Synthesis of Novel Acyclic Nucleoside Analogue Starting From 6-Aminouracil as Potent Antimicrobial Agent. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.1984260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alhilal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yaser A. M. Sulaiman
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Pharmacy, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq
| | - Suzan Alhilal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Albaath University, Homs, Syria
| | - Sobhi M. Gomha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salama A. Ouf
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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19
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Fernández J, del Valle Fernández I, Villar CJ, Lombó F. Combined laser and ozone therapy for onychomycosis in an in vitro and ex vivo model. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253979. [PMID: 34191858 PMCID: PMC8244860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to develop a fast combined method for onychomycosis treatment using an in vitro and an ex vivo models, a combination of two dual-diode lasers at 405 nm and 639 nm wavelengths, in a continuous manner, together with different ozone concentrations (until 80 ppm), was used for performing the experiments on fungal strains growing on PDA agar medium or on pig’s hooves samples. In the in vitro model experiments, with 30 min combined treatment, all species are inhibited at 40 ppm ozone concentration, except S. brevicaulis, which didn’t show an inhibition in comparison with only ozone treatment. In the ex vivo model experiments, with the same duration and ozone concentration, A. chrysogenum and E. floccosum showed total inhibition; T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum showed a 75% growth inhibition; M. canis showed a delay in sporulation; and S. brevicaulis and A. terreus did not show growth inhibition. This combined laser and ozone treatment may be developed as a fast therapy for human onychomycosis, as a potential alternative to the use of antifungal drugs with potential side effects and long duration treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Fernández
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Research Unit “Biotechnology in Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds-BIONUC”, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Claudio J. Villar
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Research Unit “Biotechnology in Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds-BIONUC”, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Felipe Lombó
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Research Unit “Biotechnology in Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds-BIONUC”, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- * E-mail:
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20
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dos Santos LMC, da Silva ES, Oliveira FO, Rodrigues LDAP, Neves PRF, Meira CS, Moreira GAF, Lobato GM, Nascimento C, Gerhardt M, Lessa AS, Mascarenhas LAB, Machado BAS. Ozonized Water in Microbial Control: Analysis of the Stability, In Vitro Biocidal Potential, and Cytotoxicity. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:525. [PMID: 34204772 PMCID: PMC8231602 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
O3 dissolved in water (or ozonized water) has been considered a potent antimicrobial agent, and this study aimed to test this through microbiological and in vitro assays. The stability of O3 was accessed following modifications of the physicochemical parameters of water, such as the temperature and pH, with or without buffering. Three concentrations of O3 (0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 ppm) dissolved in water were tested against different microorganisms, and an analysis of the cytotoxic effects was also conducted using the human ear fibroblast cell line (Hfib). Under the physicochemical conditions of 4 °C and pH 5, O3 remained the most stable and concentrated compared to pH 7 and water at 25 °C. Exposure to ozonized water resulted in high mortality rates for Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans. Scanning electron micrograph images indicate that the effects on osmotic stability due to cell wall lysis might be one of the killing mechanisms of ozonized water. The biocidal agent was biocompatible and presented no cytotoxic effect against Hfib cells. Therefore, due to its cytocompatibility and biocidal action, ozonized water can be considered a viable alternative for microbial control, being possible, for example, its use in disinfection processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laerte Marlon Conceição dos Santos
- University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (ISI SAS), Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil; (L.M.C.d.S.); (E.S.d.S.); (F.O.O.); (L.d.A.P.R.); (C.S.M.); (G.A.F.M.); (L.A.B.M.)
| | - Eduardo Santos da Silva
- University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (ISI SAS), Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil; (L.M.C.d.S.); (E.S.d.S.); (F.O.O.); (L.d.A.P.R.); (C.S.M.); (G.A.F.M.); (L.A.B.M.)
| | - Fabricia Oliveira Oliveira
- University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (ISI SAS), Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil; (L.M.C.d.S.); (E.S.d.S.); (F.O.O.); (L.d.A.P.R.); (C.S.M.); (G.A.F.M.); (L.A.B.M.)
| | - Leticia de Alencar Pereira Rodrigues
- University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (ISI SAS), Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil; (L.M.C.d.S.); (E.S.d.S.); (F.O.O.); (L.d.A.P.R.); (C.S.M.); (G.A.F.M.); (L.A.B.M.)
| | - Paulo Roberto Freitas Neves
- University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, SENAI Computational Modeling and Industrial Technology, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil;
| | - Cássio Santana Meira
- University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (ISI SAS), Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil; (L.M.C.d.S.); (E.S.d.S.); (F.O.O.); (L.d.A.P.R.); (C.S.M.); (G.A.F.M.); (L.A.B.M.)
| | - Greta Almeida Fernandes Moreira
- University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (ISI SAS), Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil; (L.M.C.d.S.); (E.S.d.S.); (F.O.O.); (L.d.A.P.R.); (C.S.M.); (G.A.F.M.); (L.A.B.M.)
| | - Gabriela Monteiro Lobato
- China Three Gorges Corporation—CTG Brazil, Rio Paraná Energia S.A. Rodovia MS-444 s/nº km 58, Ilha Solteira 79590-000, Selviria, Brazil; (G.M.L.); (C.N.); (M.G.)
| | - Carlos Nascimento
- China Three Gorges Corporation—CTG Brazil, Rio Paraná Energia S.A. Rodovia MS-444 s/nº km 58, Ilha Solteira 79590-000, Selviria, Brazil; (G.M.L.); (C.N.); (M.G.)
| | - Marcelo Gerhardt
- China Three Gorges Corporation—CTG Brazil, Rio Paraná Energia S.A. Rodovia MS-444 s/nº km 58, Ilha Solteira 79590-000, Selviria, Brazil; (G.M.L.); (C.N.); (M.G.)
| | - Arlene Souza Lessa
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ Microscopy Service, Technological Platforms Network, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil;
| | - Luis Alberto Breda Mascarenhas
- University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (ISI SAS), Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil; (L.M.C.d.S.); (E.S.d.S.); (F.O.O.); (L.d.A.P.R.); (C.S.M.); (G.A.F.M.); (L.A.B.M.)
| | - Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado
- University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (ISI SAS), Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil; (L.M.C.d.S.); (E.S.d.S.); (F.O.O.); (L.d.A.P.R.); (C.S.M.); (G.A.F.M.); (L.A.B.M.)
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21
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Radzimierska-Kaźmierczak M, Śmigielski K, Sikora M, Nowak A, Plucińska A, Kunicka-Styczyńska A, Czarnecka-Chrebelska KH. Olive Oil with Ozone-Modified Properties and Its Application. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113074. [PMID: 34063952 PMCID: PMC8196576 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Olive oil application in the cosmetic industry may be extended by its ozonation, bringing about new oil properties and increased stability. Olive oil treated with 0.04 mole O3 or 0.10 mole O3 per 100 g oil was subjected to chemical parameters evaluation and composition scrutinizing by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) GC-MS analysis. The biological activity of refined and ozonated oil included their antimicrobial properties by the agar diffusion method and cytotoxicity by the MTT assay towards two normal (LLC-PK1, HaCaT) and two cancerous (Caco-2, HeLa) cell lines. The oils served as the basis in cosmetic emulsions. The chosen organoleptic features, preservative efficacy in a challenge test, and persistency during six months of these formulations were assessed. However, the ozonation of the olive oil resulted in a decrease in unsaturated acids; several additional compounds were detected in the ozonated oil, which positively affect the physicochemical, sensory, and functional properties of cosmetic emulsions. Emulsions based on the ozonated olive oil retain their properties longer compared to emulsions based on the refined olive oil. Ozonated oil treated with 0.10 mole O3/100 g oil allowed increasing the shelf life of the non-preserved formulation up to six months. A weak inhibitory effect against Candida albicans and Aspergillus brasiliensis was also demonstrated for this emulsion in the challenge test. Moreover, an interesting aroma, slightly enhanced antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, C. albicans, A. brasiliensis, and a lack of cytotoxicity at concentrations 625 µg mL−1 make the ozonated olive oil a promising raw material for the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Radzimierska-Kaźmierczak
- Institute of Natural Products and Cosmetics, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.R.-K.); (K.Ś.); Fax: +48-42-631-28-42 (K.Ś.)
| | - Krzysztof Śmigielski
- Institute of Natural Products and Cosmetics, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.R.-K.); (K.Ś.); Fax: +48-42-631-28-42 (K.Ś.)
| | - Magdalena Sikora
- Institute of Natural Products and Cosmetics, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Adriana Nowak
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Plucińska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (A.P.); (A.K.-S.)
| | - Alina Kunicka-Styczyńska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (A.P.); (A.K.-S.)
| | - Karolina H. Czarnecka-Chrebelska
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Chair of Biology and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
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22
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Paz GSD, Camargo GG, Cury JE, Apolonio EVP, Garces HG, Prado ACD, Chechi JL, Oliveira AL, Watanabe MJ, Bagagli E, Bosco SDMG. Outbreak of equine pythiosis in a southeastern region of Brazil: Environmental isolation and phylogeny. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:1617-1624. [PMID: 33991402 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pythiosis is a disease caused by the oomycete Pythium insidiosum, mainly reported in equines, dogs and humans and directly transmitted through contaminant zoospores in aquatic environments. We report the first outbreak of equine pythiosis in five equines. Wound samples were submitted for diagnostic testing including mycological culture and nested PCR. Treatment approaches consisted of conventional and alternative therapies. Microbiological analyses were performed using water samples from the riverbanks close to where the animals had grazed. All animals were positive for P. insidiosum cultures, and two animals responded successfully to alternative therapy (ozone therapy). After culture and molecular analysis of environmental samples, the presence of P. insidiosum in one section of the Tietê River was confirmed through a 99% sequence identity. Phylogenetic analyses using the cytochrome oxidase II gene showed that the animal isolates clustered in clade I and the environmental isolates clustered in clade III. Although the environmental and wound isolates belonged to different genetic clades, we concluded that the Tietê River is an important source of infection by P. insidiosum and that research concerning environmental isolation of P. insidiosum from rivers and lakes should be strongly facilitated in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Souza da Paz
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Hans Garcia Garces
- Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina do Prado
- Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Jessica Luana Chechi
- Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Alana Lucena Oliveira
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Marcos Jun Watanabe
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Bagagli
- Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Sandra de Moraes Gimenes Bosco
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil.,Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
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23
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Ouf SA, Ali EM. Does the treatment of dried herbs with ozone as a fungal decontaminating agent affect the active constituents? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 277:116715. [PMID: 33652183 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herbs and spices are food crops susceptible to contamination by toxigenic fungi. Ozone, as a decontamination approach in the industry, has attractive benefits over traditional food preservation practices. A contribution to the studying of ozone as an antifungal and anti-mycotoxigenic agent in herbs and spices storage processes is achieved in this research. Nine powdered sun-dried herbs and spices were analyzed for their fungal contamination. The results indicate that licorice root and peppermint leaves were found to have the highest population of fungi while black cumin and fennel record the lowest population. The most dominant fungal genera are Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, and Rhizopus. Ozone treatment was performed at a concentration of 3 ppm applied for exposure times of 0, 30, 90, 150, 210, and 280 min. After 280 min of exposure to ozone, the reduction of fungal count ranged from 96.39 to 98.26%. The maximum reduction in spore production was achieved in the case of A. humicola and Trichderma viride exposed for 210 min ozone gas. There was a remarkable reduction in the production of the total mycotoxin, reaching 24.15% in aflatoxins for the 150 min-treated inoculum in the case of A. flavus. The total volume of essential oil of chamomile and peppermint was reduced by 57.14 and 26.67%, respectively, when exposed to 3 ppm. For 280 min. In conclusion, fumigation with ozone gas can be used as a suitable method for achieving sanitation and decreasing microbial load in herbs and spices. Still, it is crucial to provide precautions on ozone's effect on major active constituents before recommending this method for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salama A Ouf
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
| | - Enas M Ali
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt; Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
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24
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Bila NM, Costa-Orlandi CB, Vaso CO, Bonatti JLC, de Assis LR, Regasini LO, Fontana CR, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. 2-Hydroxychalcone as a Potent Compound and Photosensitizer Against Dermatophyte Biofilms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:679470. [PMID: 34055673 PMCID: PMC8155603 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.679470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatophytes, fungi that cause dermatophytosis, can invade keratinized tissues in humans and animals. The biofilm-forming ability of these fungi was described recently, and it may be correlated with the long treatment period and common recurrences of this mycosis. In this study, we evaluated the anti-dermatophytic and anti-biofilm activity of 2-hydroxychalcone (2-chalcone) in the dark and photodynamic therapy (PDT)-mediated and to determine its mechanism of action. Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes strains were used in the study. The antifungal susceptibility test of planktonic cells, early-stage biofilms, and mature biofilms were performed using colorimetric methods. Topographies were visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Human skin keratinocyte (HaCat) monolayers were also used in the cytotoxicity assays. The mechanisms of action of 2-chalcone in the dark and under photoexcitation were investigated using confocal microscopy and the quantification of ergosterol, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and death induction by apoptosis/necrosis. All strains, in the planktonic form, were inhibited after treatment with 2-chalcone (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 7.8-15.6 mg/L), terbinafine (TRB) (MIC = 0.008–0.03 mg/L), and fluconazole (FLZ) (1–512 mg/L). Early-stage biofilm and mature biofilms were inhibited by 2-chalcone at concentrations of 15.6 mg/L and 31.2 mg/L in all tested strains. However, mature biofilms were resistant to all the antifungal drugs tested. When planktonic cells and biofilms (early-stage and mature) were treated with 2-chalcone-mediated PDT, the inhibitory concentrations were reduced by four times (2–7.8 mg/L). SEM images of biofilms treated with 2-chalcone showed cell wall collapse, resulting from a probable extravasation of cytoplasmic content. The toxicity of 2-chalcone in HaCat cells showed higher IC50 values in the dark than under photoexcitation. Further, 2-chalcone targets ergosterol in the cell and promotes the generation of ROS, resulting in cell death by apoptosis and necrosis. Overall, 2-chalcone-mediated PDT is a promising and safe drug candidate against dermatophytes, particularly in anti-biofilm treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Níura Madalena Bila
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil.,Department of Para-Clinic, School of Veterinary, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane (UEM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Caroline Barcelos Costa-Orlandi
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Carolina Orlando Vaso
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Jean Lucas Carvalho Bonatti
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Letícia Ribeiro de Assis
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Luís Octavio Regasini
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Carla Raquel Fontana
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
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25
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Technological Advances in Ozone and Ozonized Water Spray Disinfection Devices. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11073081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To control infectious diseases such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (Covid-19) that caused the current pandemic, disinfection measures are essential. Among building measures, disinfection chambers can help to decrease the transmission rate through the sanitizing capacity of the disinfectant used, which can thereby clean surfaces or humans. Out of existing biocides, ozone is considered one of the safest for humans, but one of the most powerful oxidizers, making the substance a better alternative as the biocidal solution in disinfection chambers. Analyses were carried out by using all patented documents related to disinfection chambers that used ozone as a disinfectant. A Derwent Innovation Index (DII) database search was undertaken to find these patents. Patent prospecting resulted in 620 patent documents that were divided into 134 patent families. There was no technology related to protective barriers for individuals, and the majority of patents in the retrieved data aimed at sterilizing medical devices and surfaces. Given that the specific Cooperative Patent Classification (CPC) code for ozone dissolved in liquid was used in the methodology search, but not included among the 10 most used codes in the patents, the use of ozonized water may be an innovative approach in the technology landscape of sterilization chambers.
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26
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de Souza AKL, Colares RR, de Souza ACL. The main uses of ozone therapy in diseases of large animals: A review. Res Vet Sci 2021; 136:51-56. [PMID: 33582314 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is a molecule composed of three oxygen atoms, highly unstable, capable of reacting with various substances of the human and animal organism, giving rise to by-products that will participate in biochemical reactions. Thus, O3 has a wide mechanism of action and can be used in different diseases of large animals. In those animals, the therapy is used mainly in reproductive diseases and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karine Lima de Souza
- Veterinary Hospital Wild Animals Sector, Veterinary Institute Medicine, State University of Pará, UFPA-Castanhal, km 61 BR-316, Campus IFPA, Castanhal, PA 68740970, Brazil.
| | - Raquel Ribeiro Colares
- Veterinary Hospital Wild Animals Sector, Veterinary Institute Medicine, State University of Pará, UFPA-Castanhal, km 61 BR-316, Campus IFPA, Castanhal, PA 68740970, Brazil
| | - Ana Clara Lima de Souza
- Veterinary Hospital Wild Animals Sector, Veterinary Institute Medicine, State University of Pará, UFPA-Castanhal, km 61 BR-316, Campus IFPA, Castanhal, PA 68740970, Brazil
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27
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Ott LC, Appleton HJ, Shi H, Keener K, Mellata M. High voltage atmospheric cold plasma treatment inactivates Aspergillus flavus spores and deoxynivalenol toxin. Food Microbiol 2020; 95:103669. [PMID: 33397632 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Fungal contamination is a concern for the food industry. Fungal spores resist food sterilization treatments and produce mycotoxins that are toxic for animals and humans. Technologies that deactivate spores and toxins without impacting food quality are desirable. This study demonstrates the efficiency of a high voltage atmospheric cold plasma (HVACP) technology using air to generate reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species for the degradation of Aspergillus flavus cultures and the deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxin. Optical emission and absorption spectroscopy demonstrate ionization of hydroxyl groups, atomic oxygen and nitrogen, and confirm production of ROS and RNS, e.g. O3, NO2, NO3, N2O4, and N2O5. Fungal cultures show a depletion in pigmentation and an ~50% spore inactivation after 1-min treatments. Treated spores show surface ablation and membrane degradation by scanning electron microscopy. Twenty-minute direct HVACP treatments of 100 μg of DON in one mL aqueous suspensions resulted in a greater than 99% reduction in DON structure and rescued over 80% of Caco-2 cell viability; however, the same treatment on 100 μg of powdered DON toxin only showed a 33% reduction in DON and only rescued 15% of cell viability. In summary, HVACP air treatment can inactivate both fungal spores and toxins in minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan C Ott
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA; Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Holly J Appleton
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Hu Shi
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Kevin Keener
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Melha Mellata
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA; Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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28
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Gavazza A, Marchegiani A, Rossi G, Franzini M, Spaterna A, Mangiaterra S, Cerquetella M. Ozone Therapy as a Possible Option in COVID-19 Management. Front Public Health 2020; 8:417. [PMID: 32984235 PMCID: PMC7477102 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Gavazza
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Andrea Marchegiani
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Marianno Franzini
- Oxygen-Ozone Therapy Scientific Society (SIOOT), Gorle, Italy.,Director of Comunian Clinic, Gorle, Italy
| | - Andrea Spaterna
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Sara Mangiaterra
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
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29
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Celenza G, Iorio R, Cracchiolo S, Petricca S, Costagliola C, Cinque B, Segatore B, Amicosante G, Bellio P. Antimycotic Activity of Ozonized Oil in Liposome Eye Drops against Candida spp. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:4. [PMID: 32855851 PMCID: PMC7422790 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.8.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to investigate the antifungal activity and mechanism of action of ozonized oil eye drops in liposomes (Ozodrop), commercialized as eye lubricant for the treatment of dry eye syndrome and eye inflammation. The activity was tested against four clinical Candida species: C albicans, C glabrata, C krusei, and C orthopsilosis. Methods The antifungal activity of the eye drop solution was ascertained by microdilution method in accordance with EUCAST obtaining the minimum inhibitory concentration for Ozodrop. The mechanism of action was further investigated in C albicans by measuring cell vitality, intracellular reactive oxygen species production, levels of cellular and mitochondrial (∆Ψm) membrane potential, and the extent of membrane lipid peroxidation. Results All Candida isolates were susceptible to Ozodrop with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 0.195% (v/v) for C glabrata to 6.25% (v/v) for C orthopsilosis. After 1 hour of exposure at the minimum inhibitory concentration value about 30% of cells were killed, reaching about 70% at the highest Ozodrop value. After Ozodrop exposure, C albicans showed cell membrane depolarization, increased levels of lipid peroxidation, depolarized ∆Ψm, and increased reactive oxygen species generation. Conclusions The significant increases in reactive oxygen species production cause the accumulation of reactive oxygen species-associated damages leading to progressive Candida cell dysfunction. Translational Relevance The antifungal activity of Ozodrop was demonstrated at concentrations several times lower than the concentration that can be retrieved in ocular surface after its application. The antifungal activity of the eye drops Ozodrop would represent an interesting off-label indication for a product basically conceived as an eye lubricant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Celenza
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberto Iorio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cracchiolo
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Sabrina Petricca
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Ciro Costagliola
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Benedetta Cinque
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of l'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Bernardetta Segatore
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Amicosante
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Bellio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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30
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Zeng J, Lei L, Zeng Q, Yao Y, Wu Y, Li Q, Gao L, Du H, Xie Y, Huang J, Tan W, Lu J. Ozone Therapy Attenuates NF-κB-Mediated Local Inflammatory Response and Activation of Th17 Cells in Treatment for Psoriasis. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:1833-1845. [PMID: 32398953 PMCID: PMC7211165 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.41940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone therapy has been widely used to treat many skin diseases, including infections, allergic dermatosis, and skin ulcers. However, its efficacy as a treatment for psoriasis is unclear. In this study, we explored the clinical efficacy and the underlying molecular mechanisms of ozone therapy on psoriasis. We found that topical ozone treatment significantly decreased patients' psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) scores and the expression of psoriasis-associated cytokines in their peripheral blood CD4+ T cells. In the IMQ-induced psoriasis mouse model, topical ozone treatment significantly inhibited the formation of IMQ-induced psoriasis-like lesions and the expression of psoriasis-associated inflammatory factors. High-throughput sequencing confirmed that IMQ-induced activation of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)/ nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway was significantly suppressed in psoriasis-like lesions after topical ozone treatment. Furthermore, the activation of spleen T helper (Th) 17 cells was blocked in the mouse model; this was associated with the downregulation of cytokines and NF-κB pathways upon topical ozone treatment. Ozone therapy can attenuate local inflammatory reactions and the activation of Th17 cells in psoriasis by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. Our results show that ozone therapy is effective in treating psoriasis. We recommend further evaluations for its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qinghai Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuying Yao
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuqing Wu
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qinxuan Li
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lihua Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongjiao Du
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yajie Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinhua Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenbin Tan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, and.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Jianyun Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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31
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Sciorsci RL, Lillo E, Occhiogrosso L, Rizzo A. Ozone therapy in veterinary medicine: A review. Res Vet Sci 2020; 130:240-246. [PMID: 32234614 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is a triatomic form of oxygen. As O3 rapidly dissociates into water and releases a reactive form of oxygen that may oxidize cells, the gas mixture of O3/O2 is used in medicine. ATP is widely available for cellular activity. O3 can be administered via the systemic and local routes. Although O3 is known as one of the most powerful oxidants, it also promotes antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, it stimulates some of the cells of the immune system and inactivates pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, yeasts, protozoa, and viruses. Owing to these activities, O3 is used to improve several diseases, both in human and in veterinary medicine. Considering the wide scope of O3 application, the aim of this review was to reiterate the mechanisms of action of O3 and its utilization in different mammalian species (bovine, ovine-caprine, equine, canine, porcine).
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Sciorsci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.P. per Casamassima km. 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy.
| | - E Lillo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.P. per Casamassima km. 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - L Occhiogrosso
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.P. per Casamassima km. 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - A Rizzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.P. per Casamassima km. 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
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Ugazio E, Tullio V, Binello A, Tagliapietra S, Dosio F. Ozonated Oils as Antimicrobial Systems in Topical Applications. Their Characterization, Current Applications, and Advances in Improved Delivery Techniques. Molecules 2020; 25:E334. [PMID: 31947580 PMCID: PMC7024311 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for a wide spectrum of antimicrobial agents that can avoid resistance while maintaining reasonable side effects has led to ozonated oils experiencing an increase in scientific interest and clinical applications. The treatment of vegetable oils with ozone leads to the creation of a reservoir of ozone that slowly releases into the skin thanks to the fact that ozone can be held as ozonides of unsaturated fatty acids. Interest in the use of ozonated oils has meant that several ozonated-vegetable-oil-containing products have been commercialized as cosmetic and pharmaceutical agents, and in innovative textile products with antibacterial activity. New approaches to the delivery of ozonated oils have very recently appeared in an attempt to improve their characteristics and reduce drawbacks, such as an unpleasant odor, high viscosity and undesired effects on skin, including irritation and rashes. The present review focuses on the current status of delivery agents that use ozonated oils as antimicrobial agents in topical (dermal, skin, and soft tissues) treatments. Challenges and future opportunities for these delivery systems will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ugazio
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (E.U.); (A.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Vivian Tullio
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Microbiology Division, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Arianna Binello
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (E.U.); (A.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Silvia Tagliapietra
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (E.U.); (A.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Franco Dosio
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (E.U.); (A.B.); (S.T.)
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Xu X, Cao X, Yang J, Chen L, Liu B, Liu T, Jin Q. Proteome-Wide Identification of Lysine Propionylation in the Conidial and Mycelial Stages of Trichophyton rubrum. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2613. [PMID: 31798556 PMCID: PMC6861857 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) exist in a wide variety of organisms and play key roles in regulating various essential biological processes. Lysine propionylation is a newly discovered PTM that has rarely been identified in fungi. Trichophyton rubrum (T. rubrum) is one of the most common fungal pathogens in the world and has been studied as an important model organism of anthropic pathogenic filamentous fungi. In this study, we performed a proteome-wide propionylation analysis in the conidial and mycelial stages of T. rubrum. A total of 157 propionylated sites on 115 proteins were identified, and the high confidence of propionylation identification was validated by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) assay. The results show that the propionylated proteins were mostly involved in various metabolic pathways. Histones and 15 pathogenicity-related proteins were also targets for propionylation modification, suggesting their roles in epigenetic regulation and pathogenicity. A comparison of the conidial and mycelial stages revealed that most propionylated proteins and sites were growth-stage specific and independent of protein abundance. Based on the function classifications, the propionylated proteins had a similar distribution in both stages; however, some differences were also identified. Furthermore, our results show that the concentration of propionyl-CoA had a significant influence on the propionylation level. In addition to the acetylation, succinylation and propionylation identified in T. rubrum, 26 other PTMs were also found to exist in this fungus. Overall, our study provides the first global propionylation profile of a pathogenic fungus. These results would be a foundation for further research on the regulation mechanism of propionylation in T. rubrum, which will enhance our understanding of the physiological features of T. rubrum and provide some clues for the exploration of improved therapies to treat this medically important fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingye Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xingwei Cao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Jin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Okubo K, Ito T, Shiota Y, Kawata Y, Yamamoto T, Takashiba S. Effectiveness and safety of low-concentrated ozonized water for the reduction of contamination in dental unit water lines. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02306. [PMID: 31463403 PMCID: PMC6710486 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Contamination of dental unit waterlines (DUWL) with heterotrophic bacteria can cause problems in immune compromised patients (aged, tumor and organ transplantation-patients). We focused on the use of low-concentrated ozonized water (OZW) as the biofilm formation restraint system for DUWL. Here, we examined the effects of low-concentrated OZW on the growth of bacteria and related biofilm formation and harmfulness to dental unit components (DUCs) in vitro. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the bactericidal effects of OZW on biofilms in DUWL and DUC in vitro. METHODS Low-concentrated OZW (0.4 mg/L) was generated using an OZS-PTDX generator. Heterotrophic bacterial biofilms in old DUWL tubes and Candia albicans solution (control microbe) were treated with OZW for 1 h with gentle agitation before static culturing for 96 h in Reasoner's 2A liquid media. The control solutions were 0.1% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), chlorinated tap water (TW), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) amounts of the microbes were measured and the biofilms of these microbes were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, surfaces of DUC soaked in OZW and TW were observed by SEM. RESULTS The OZW reduced ATP levels in microbes to 50% compared to TW and PBS treatment, although CPC reduced it below detection limits. SEM observation revealed deformation of microbes cultured with OZW, whereas no changes were seen on DUC surfaces. CONCLUSIONS Low-concentrated OZW is bactericidal against heterotrophic bacteria biofilms and it is not harmful to DUC, suggesting that it might be useful in preventing DUWL contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Okubo
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
- Division of Dentistry, Tottori Municipal Hospital, 1-1 Matoba, Tottori, 680-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Ito
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Shiota
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
- Division of Dentistry, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, 160 Minamiumemoto-cho-ko, Matuyama, 791-0280, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawata
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yamamoto
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Shogo Takashiba
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
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Zeng J, Lu J. Mechanisms of action involved in ozone-therapy in skin diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 56:235-241. [PMID: 29414657 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ozone-therapy initially applied in medicine by an empirical approach, has now reached a new stage where most of the biological mechanisms of ozone action have been clarified, that refers to antimicrobial effects, immunoregulation, antioxidant defenses and epigenetic modification. Current ozone medical preparation in dermatology mainly classified as ozone hydrotherapy, ozonated oil externally used and ozone autohemotherapy (OAHT). Admittedly, ozone is widely used in various fields against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, viruses, and fungi. More recently, great progress has been obtained in wound healing which is a multiphase process that consists of three overlapping but distinct stages: inflammation, tissue proliferation and remodeling. While the exact mechanisms of ozone-therapy still remain unclear. Therefore, more evidence is required before ozone can be presented as a promising method for the management and prevention of various skin diseases. In this review, we review the application status of ozone in dermatology and summarize possible mechanisms of ozone-therapy on skin diseases, aims to shed a light on providing a series of theoretical basis for its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianyun Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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