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Li K, Zhang Q. Eliminating the HIV tissue reservoir: current strategies and challenges. Infect Dis (Lond) 2024; 56:165-182. [PMID: 38149977 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2023.2298450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is still one of the most widespread and harmful infectious diseases in the world. The presence of reservoirs housing the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) represents a significant impediment to the development of clinically applicable treatments on a large scale. The viral load in the blood can be effectively reduced to undetectable levels through antiretroviral therapy (ART), and a higher concentration of HIV is sequestered in various tissues throughout the body, forming the tissue reservoir - the source of viremia after interruption treatment. METHODS We take the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) as a guideline for this review. In June 2023, we used the Pubmed, Embase, and Scopus databases to search the relevant literature published in the last decade. RESULTS Here we review the current strategies and treatments for eliminating the HIV tissue reservoirs: early and intensive therapy, gene therapy (including ribozyme, RNA interference, RNA aptamer, zinc finger enzyme, transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9)), 'Shock and Kill', 'Block and lock', immunotherapy (including therapeutic vaccines, broadly neutralising antibodies (bNAbs), chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy (CAR-T)), and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). CONCLUSION The existence of an HIV reservoir is the main obstacle to the complete cure of AIDS. Choosing the appropriate strategy to deplete the HIV reservoir and achieve a functional cure for AIDS is the focus and difficulty of current research. So far, there has been a lot of research and progress in reducing the HIV reservoir, but in general, the current research is still very preliminary. Much research is still needed to properly assess the reliability, effectiveness, and necessity of these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangpeng Li
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Ali M, Benfante V, Di Raimondo D, Salvaggio G, Tuttolomondo A, Comelli A. Recent Developments in Nanoparticle Formulations for Resveratrol Encapsulation as an Anticancer Agent. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:126. [PMID: 38256959 PMCID: PMC10818631 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound that has gained considerable attention in the past decade due to its multifaceted therapeutic potential, including anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. However, its anticancer efficacy is impeded by low water solubility, dose-limiting toxicity, low bioavailability, and rapid hepatic metabolism. To overcome these hurdles, various nanoparticles such as organic and inorganic nanoparticles, liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, solid lipid nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks, carbon nanotubes, bioactive glass nanoparticles, and mesoporous nanoparticles were employed to deliver resveratrol, enhancing its water solubility, bioavailability, and efficacy against various types of cancer. Resveratrol-loaded nanoparticle or resveratrol-conjugated nanoparticle administration exhibits excellent anticancer potency compared to free resveratrol. This review highlights the latest developments in nanoparticle-based delivery systems for resveratrol, focusing on the potential to overcome limitations associated with the compound's bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali
- Ri.MED Foundation, Via Bandiera 11, 90133 Palermo, Italy;
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.D.R.); (A.T.)
| | - Viviana Benfante
- Ri.MED Foundation, Via Bandiera 11, 90133 Palermo, Italy;
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.D.R.); (A.T.)
| | - Domenico Di Raimondo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.D.R.); (A.T.)
| | - Giuseppe Salvaggio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Antonino Tuttolomondo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.D.R.); (A.T.)
| | - Albert Comelli
- Ri.MED Foundation, Via Bandiera 11, 90133 Palermo, Italy;
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
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Mohammadi S, Moghadam MD, Nasiriasl M, Akhzari M, Barazesh M. Insights into the Therapeutic and Pharmacological Properties of Resveratrol as a Nutraceutical Antioxidant Polyphenol in Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. Curr Rev Clin Exp Pharmacol 2024; 19:327-354. [PMID: 38192151 DOI: 10.2174/0127724328268507231218051058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Resveratrol (3, 5, 4'-trihydroxystilbene) is a polyphenolic derivative with herbal origin. It has attracted considerable attention in recent decades. Many studies have revealed the benefits of Resveratrol over several human disease models, including heart and neurological diseases, nephroprotective, immune regulation, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, age-related diseases, antiviral, and anticancer in experimental and clinical conditions. Recently, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Resveratrol have been observed, and it has been shown that Resveratrol reduces inflammatory biomarkers, such as tissue degradation factor, cyclooxygenase 2, nitric oxide synthase, and interleukins. All of these activities appear to be dependent on its structural properties, such as the number and position of the hydroxyl group, which regulates oxidative stress, cell death, and inflammation. Resveratrol is well tolerated and safe even at higher pharmacological doses and desirably affects cardiovascular, neurological, and diabetic diseases. Consequently, it is plausible that Resveratrol can be regarded as a beneficial nutritional additive and a complementary drug, particularly for therapeutic applications. The present review provides an overview of currently available investigations on preventive and therapeutic characteristics and the main molecular mechanisms of Resveratrol and its potent derivatives in various diseases. Thus, this review would enhance knowledge and information about Resveratrol and encourage researchers worldwide to consider it as a pharmaceutical drug to struggle with future health crises against different human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Maryam Dalaei Moghadam
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Department of Endodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Maryam Nasiriasl
- Radiology Department, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Morteza Akhzari
- School of Nursing, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Barazesh
- School of Paramedical Sciences, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
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Kumar S, Sinha N, Kodidela S, Godse S, Singla B, Singh UP, Bhat HK. Resveratrol and its analogs suppress HIV replication, oxidative stress, and inflammation in macrophages. NEUROIMMUNE PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS 2023; 2:365-374. [PMID: 38058997 PMCID: PMC10696571 DOI: 10.1515/nipt-2023-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Objectives HIV suppression in brain viral reservoirs, especially macrophages, and microglia is critical to suppress HIV neuropathogenesis and subsequently HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Since most antiretroviral therapy (ART) drugs do not achieve optimal therapeutic concentrations in the brain and can cause neurotoxicity, an alternative/adjuvant therapy is needed to suppress HIV neuropathogenesis. In this study, our objectives were to examine the anti-HIV, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory potential of resveratrol (RES) and its synthetic analogs 4-(E)-{(p-tolylimino)-methylbenzene-1,2-diol} (TIMBD) and 4-(E)-{(4-hydroxyphenylimino)-methylbenzene,1,2-diol} (HPIMBD) in HIV-infected macrophages. Methods We used HIV replication (viral load), oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzymes), and inflammatory response (pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines) assays to achieve the objectives of the study. Results Our results showed that RES and its analogs HPIMBD and TIMBD at 25 µM concentration significantly decrease HIV replication in both primary monocyte-derived macrophages and U1-differentiated macrophages. Moreover, RES and its analogs do not induce any cytotoxicity for up to 3 days in these cells. Further, treatment with RES and TIMBD (25 µM) also reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species without affecting the expression of antioxidant enzymes, SOD1, and catalase in U1 macrophages. Besides, RES and HPIMBD treatment inhibited the proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in U1 macrophages, which was associated with decreased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Importantly, our western blot experiments show that RES also decreases cellular proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β, which is usually elevated in both myeloid and neuronal cells upon HIV infection. Conclusions Taken together, our results suggest that RES and/or its analogs are important adjuvants that may be used not only to suppress HIV but also oxidative stress and inflammation in brain viral reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Namita Sinha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sunitha Kodidela
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sandip Godse
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Bhupesh Singla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Udai P. Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hari K. Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas-City, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Mansi K, Kumar R, Jindal N, Singh K. Biocompatible nanocarriers an emerging platform for augmenting the antiviral attributes of bioactive polyphenols: A review. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Resveratrol Downmodulates Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) Generation by Neutrophils in Patients with Severe COVID-19. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091690. [PMID: 36139764 PMCID: PMC9495554 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of microthrombi in lung autopsies indicates the involvement of NETs in the immunopathogenesis of severe COVID-19. Therefore, supplements inhibiting NET formation, in association with drugs with fewer adverse effects, should be a relevant strategy to attenuate the disease. Resveratrol (RESV) is a natural polyphenol with an important antiviral and antioxidant role. To modulate neutrophils from patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, we evaluated the in vitro effect of RESV on NET formation. Herein, we investigated 190 patients hospitalized with moderate, severe, and critical symptoms at Hospital das Clínicas, Brazil. We observed that neutrophilia in patients with severe COVID-19 infection is composed of neutrophils with activated profile able to release NET spontaneously. Notably, RESV decreased the neutrophil-activated status and the release of free DNA, inhibiting NET formation even under the specific PMA stimulus. At present, there is no evidence of the role of RESV in neutrophils from patients with COVID-19 infection. These findings suggest that adjunctive therapies with RESV may help decrease the inflammation of viral or bacterial infection, improving patient outcomes.
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Vejarano R, Luján-Corro M. Red Wine and Health: Approaches to Improve the Phenolic Content During Winemaking. Front Nutr 2022; 9:890066. [PMID: 35694174 PMCID: PMC9174943 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.890066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is ample evidence regarding the health benefits of red wine consumption due to its content of phenolic compounds, as an alternative to improve the state of health and prevent various diseases, being the implementation of procedures that allow a greater extraction and stability of phenolic compounds during the elaboration a key aspect. The first part of this review summarizes some studies, mostly at the preclinical level, on the mechanisms by which phenolic compounds act in the human organism, taking advantage of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antithrombotic, antiatherogenic, antimicrobial, antiviral, and other activities. Although the migration of grape components into the must/wine occurs during the winemaking process, the application of new technologies may contribute to increasing the content of phenolic compounds in the finished wine. Some of these technologies have been evaluated on an industrial scale, and in some cases, they have been included in the International Code of Oenological Practice by the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV). In this sense, the second part of this review deals with the use of these novel technologies that can increase, or at least maintain, the polyphenol content. For example, in the pre-fermentative stage, phenolic extraction can be increased by treating the berries or must with high pressures, pulsed electric fields (PEF), ultrasound (US), e-beam radiation or ozone. At fermentative level, yeasts with high production of pyranoanthocyanins and/or their precursor molecules, low polyphenol absorption, and low anthocyanin-β-glucosidase activity can be used. Whereas, at the post-fermentative level, aging-on-lees (AOL) can contribute to maintaining polyphenol levels, and therefore transmitting health benefits to the consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Vejarano
- Department of Research, Innovation and Social Responsibility, Universidad Privada del Norte (UPN), Trujillo, Peru
| | - Mariano Luján-Corro
- School of Agroindustrial Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo (UNT), Trujillo, Peru
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8
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van Brummelen R, van Brummelen AC. The potential role of resveratrol as supportive antiviral in treating conditions such as COVID-19 - A formulator's perspective. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 148:112767. [PMID: 35240527 PMCID: PMC8884665 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With an increased transmissibility but milder form of disease of the omicron variant of COVID-19 and the newer antivirals often still out of reach of many populations, a refocus of the current treatment regimens is required. Safe, affordable, and available adjuvant treatments should also be considered and known drugs and substances need to be repurposed and tested. Resveratrol, a well-known antioxidant of natural origin, shown to act as an antiviral as well as playing a role in immune stimulation, down regulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine release and reducing lung injury by reducing oxidative stress, is such an option. New initiatives and collaborations will however need to be found to unleash resveratrol's full potential in the pharmaceutical market.
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A Novel Cognition of Decitabine: Insights into Immunomodulation and Antiviral Effects. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061973. [PMID: 35335337 PMCID: PMC8950928 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation, as one of the major means of epigenesis change, makes a large difference in the spatial structure of chromatin, transposable element activity and, fundamentally, gene transcription. It has been confirmed that DNA methylation is closely related to innate immune responses. Decitabine, the most efficient available DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, has demonstrated exhilarating immune activation and antiviral effects on multiple viruses, including HIV, HBV, HCV, HPV and EHV1. This review considers the role of decitabine in regulating innate immune responses and antiviral ability. Understanding the complex transcriptional and immune regulation of decitabine could help to identify and validate therapeutic methods to reduce pathogen infection-associated morbidity, especially virus infection-induced morbidity and mortality.
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Semenov AV, Semenova EV, Balakireva OI. Heterocyclic Resveratrol Analogs: Synthesis and Physiological Activity. Part 2: Analogs Obtained by the Replacement of Ethylene Fragments with Heterocyclic Residues. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162022010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Baranwal M, Gupta Y, Dey P, Majaw S. Antiinflammatory phytochemicals against virus-induced hyperinflammatory responses: Scope, rationale, application, and limitations. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6148-6169. [PMID: 34816512 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled inflammatory responses or cytokine storm associated with viral infections results in deleterious consequences such as vascular leakage, severe hemorrhage, shock, immune paralysis, multi-organ failure, and even death. With the emerging new viral infections and lack of effective prophylactic vaccines, evidence-based complementary strategies that limit viral infection-mediated hyperinflammatory responses could be a promising approach to limit host tissue injury. The present review emphasizes the potentials of antiinflammatory phytochemicals in limiting hyperinflammatory injury caused by viral infections. The predominant phytochemicals along with their mechanism in limiting hyperimmune and pro-inflammatory responses under viral infection have been reviewed comprehensively. How certain phytochemicals can be effective in limiting hyper-inflammatory response indirectly by favorably modulating gut microbiota and maintaining a functional intestinal barrier has also been presented. Finally, we have discussed improved systemic bioavailability of phytochemicals, efficient delivery strategies, and safety measures for effective antiinflammatory phytotherapies, in addition to emphasizing the requirement of tightly controlled clinical studies to establish the antiinflammatory efficacy of the phytochemicals. Collectively, the review provides a scooping overview on the potentials of bioactive phytochemicals to mitigate pro-inflammatory injury associated with viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Baranwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, India
| | - Yogita Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, India
| | - Priyankar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, India
| | - Suktilang Majaw
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
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Tan A, Doig CL. NAD + Degrading Enzymes, Evidence for Roles During Infection. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:697359. [PMID: 34485381 PMCID: PMC8415550 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.697359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Declines in cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) contribute to metabolic dysfunction, increase susceptibility to disease, and occur as a result of pathogenic infection. The enzymatic cleavage of NAD+ transfers ADP-ribose (ADPr) to substrate proteins generating mono-ADP-ribose (MAR), poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) or O-acetyl-ADP-ribose (OAADPr). These important post-translational modifications have roles in both immune response activation and the advancement of infection. In particular, emergent data show viral infection stimulates activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) mediated NAD+ depletion and stimulates hydrolysis of existing ADP-ribosylation modifications. These studies are important for us to better understand the value of NAD+ maintenance upon the biology of infection. This review focuses specifically upon the NAD+ utilising enzymes, discusses existing knowledge surrounding their roles in infection, their NAD+ depletion capability and their influence within pathogenic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Tan
- Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Centre, Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Craig L Doig
- Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Centre, Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Phytoconstituents as Lead Compounds for Anti-Dengue Drug Discovery. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1322:159-193. [PMID: 34258741 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-0267-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is an arthropod-borne viral disease common in subtropical and tropical regions. The widespread use of traditional medicines in these regions for dengue fever (DF) has encouraged researchers to explore the therapeutic effect of herbs and their phytochemicals in dengue infection. Phytochemicals such as quercetin, baicalein, luteolin, oxindole alkaloids, celastrol and geraniin have shown significant inhibition of dengue virus in vitro. Many phytoconstituents have better selectivity index supporting their safety profile for future development. However, in vivo studies supporting therapeutic potency for these active phytoconstituents are limited. There is a need for studies translating anti-dengue profile of active phytoconstituents to find successful anti-dengue compounds.
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Distinct Antiretroviral Mechanisms Elicited by a Viral Mutagen. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167111. [PMID: 34153286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
5-aza-cytidine (5-aza-C) has been shown to be a potent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) mutagen that induces G-to-C hypermutagenesis by incorporation of the reduced form (i.e., 5-aza-dC, 5-aza-dCTP). Evidence to date suggests that this lethal mutagenesis is the primary antiretroviral mechanism for 5-aza-C. To investigate the breadth of application of 5-aza-C as an antiretroviral mutagen, we have conducted a comparative, parallel analysis of the antiviral mechanism of 5-aza-C between HIV-1 and gammaretroviruses - i.e., murine leukemia virus (MuLV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV). Intriguingly, in contrast to the hallmark G-to-C hypermutagenesis observed with HIV-1, MuLV and FeLV did not reveal the presence of a significant increase in mutational burden, particularly that of G-to-C transversion mutations. The effect of 5-aza-dCTP on DNA synthesis revealed that while HIV-1 RT was not inhibited by 5-aza-dCTP even at 100 µM, 5-aza-dCTP was incorporated and significantly inhibited MuLV RT, generating pause sites and reducing the fully extended product. 5-aza-dCTP was found to be incorporated into DNA by MuLV RT or HIV-1 RT, but only acted as a non-obligate chain terminator for MuLV RT. This biochemical data provides an independent line of experimental evidence in support of the conclusion that HIV-1 and MuLV have distinct primary mechanisms of antiretroviral action with 5-aza-C. Taken together, our data provides striking evidence that an antiretroviral mutagen can have strong potency via distinct mechanisms of action among closely related viruses, unlinking antiviral activity from antiviral mechanism of action.
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Annaji M, Poudel I, Boddu SHS, Arnold RD, Tiwari AK, Babu RJ. Resveratrol-loaded nanomedicines for cancer applications. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021; 4:e1353. [PMID: 33655717 PMCID: PMC8222557 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resveratrol (3, 5, 4' -trihydroxystilbene), a natural polyphenol and phytoalexin, has drawn considerable attention in the past decade due to its wide variety of therapeutic activities such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. However, its poor water solubility, low chemical stability, and short biological half-life limit its clinical utility. RECENT FINDINGS Nanoparticles overcome the limitations associated with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs, such as limited availability of drugs to the tumor tissues, high systemic exposures, and consequent toxicity to healthy tissues. This review focuses on the physicochemical properties of resveratrol, the therapeutic potential of resveratrol nano-formulations, and the anticancer activity of resveratrol encapsulated nanoparticles on various malignancies such as skin, breast, prostate, colon, liver, ovarian, and lung cancers (focusing on both in vitro and in vivo studies). CONCLUSIONS Nanotechnology approaches have been extensively utilized to achieve higher solubility, improved oral bioavailability, enhanced stability, and controlled release of resveratrol. The resveratrol nanoparticles have markedly enhanced its anticancer activity both in vitro and in vivo, thus considering it as a potential strategy to fight various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjusha Annaji
- Department of Drug Discovery and DevelopmentAuburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
| | - Ishwor Poudel
- Department of Drug Discovery and DevelopmentAuburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
| | - Sai H. S. Boddu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesAjman UniversityAjmanUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Robert D. Arnold
- Department of Drug Discovery and DevelopmentAuburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
| | - Amit K. Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of ToledoToledoOhioUSA
| | - R. Jayachandra Babu
- Department of Drug Discovery and DevelopmentAuburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
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Active Components from Cassia abbreviata Prevent HIV-1 Entry by Distinct Mechanisms of Action. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22095052. [PMID: 34068829 PMCID: PMC8126241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cassia abbreviata is widely used in Sub-Saharan Africa for treating many diseases, including HIV-1 infection. We have recently described the chemical structures of 28 compounds isolated from an alcoholic crude extract of barks and roots of C. abbreviata, and showed that six bioactive compounds inhibit HIV-1 infection. In the present study, we demonstrate that the six compounds block HIV-1 entry into cells: oleanolic acid, palmitic acid, taxifolin, piceatannol, guibourtinidol-(4α→8)-epiafzelechin, and a novel compound named as cassiabrevone. We report, for the first time, that guibourtinidol-(4α→8)-epiafzelechin and cassiabrevone inhibit HIV-1 entry (IC50 of 42.47 µM and 30.96 µM, respectively), as well as that piceatannol interacts with cellular membranes. Piceatannol inhibits HIV-1 infection in a dual-chamber assay mimicking the female genital tract, as well as HSV infection, emphasizing its potential as a microbicide. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) showed that pharmacophoric groups of piceatannol are strictly required to inhibit HIV-1 entry. By a ligand-based in silico study, we speculated that piceatannol and norartocarpetin may have a very similar mechanism of action and efficacy because of the highly comparable pharmacophoric and 3D space, while guibourtinidol-(4α→8)-epiafzelechin and cassiabrevone may display a different mechanism. We finally show that cassiabrevone plays a major role of the crude extract of CA by blocking the binding activity of HIV-1 gp120 and CD4.
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Olaleye O, Titilope O, Moses O. Possible health benefits of polyphenols in neurological disorders associated with COVID-19. ACTA FACULTATIS MEDICAE NAISSENSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.5937/afmnai38-30190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents an emergent global health burden that has challenged the health systems worldwide. Since its sudden upsurge in 2019, many COVID-19 patients have exhibited neurological symptoms and complications. Till now, there is no known effective established drug against the highly contagious COVID-19 infection despite the frightening associated mortality rate. This article aims to present the mechanism of action of coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the clinical neurological manifestations displayed by COVID-19 patients, and present polyphenols with neuroprotective ability that can offer beneficial effects against COVID-19-mediated neuropathology. Reports from COVID-19 clinical studies, case reports, and other related literature were evaluated for this review. Neurological complications of COVID-19 include anosmia, acute cerebrovascular disease, acute disseminated post-infectious encephalomyelitis, encephalitis, etc. Also, SARS-CoV-2 sould be a neurotropic vіruѕ due to its iѕolatіon from serebroѕrіnal fluіd. Multіrle neurologіsal damages displayed by COVID-19 patients might be due to hyperinflammation associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections. Resveratrol, kolaviron, quercetin and apigenin are polyphenols with proven anti-inflammatory and therapeutic properties that can extenuate the adverse effects of COVID-19. These polyphenols have been documented to suppress c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3-K), extrasellularѕіgnal-regulated kinase (ERK), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells (NF-kB) and mіtogen-astіvated protein kіnaѕe (MAPK) pathways which are essential in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. They also showed significant inhibitory activities against SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Taken together, these polyphenols may offer neuroprotective benefits against COVID-19 mediated neuropathology via modulation of the pathogenic pathways.
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Benedetti F, Sorrenti V, Buriani A, Fortinguerra S, Scapagnini G, Zella D. Resveratrol, Rapamycin and Metformin as Modulators of Antiviral Pathways. Viruses 2020; 12:v12121458. [PMID: 33348714 PMCID: PMC7766714 DOI: 10.3390/v12121458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Balanced nutrition and appropriate dietary interventions are fundamental in the prevention and management of viral infections. Additionally, accurate modulation of the inflammatory response is necessary to achieve an adequate antiviral immune response. Many studies, both in vitro with mammalian cells and in vivo with small animal models, have highlighted the antiviral properties of resveratrol, rapamycin and metformin. The current review outlines the mechanisms of action of these three important compounds on the cellular pathways involved with viral replication and the mechanisms of virus-related diseases, as well as the current status of their clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Benedetti
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
- Bendessere™ Study Center, Via Prima Strada 23/3, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group (Synlab Limited), 35100 Padova, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Buriani
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group (Synlab Limited), 35100 Padova, Italy;
| | | | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (D.Z.)
| | - Davide Zella
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (D.Z.)
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Abstract
Benzo[b]thiophenes are aromatic heterocyclic compounds containing benzene
and thiophene rings. This class of heterocycles is present in a large number of natural and
non-natural compounds. Benzo[b]thiophene derivatives have a broad range of applications in
medicinal chemistry such as antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-HIV and antiinflammatory
activities. The use of benzo[b]thiophene derivatives in other fields has also been
reported. Various benzo[b]thiophenes compounds have been employed as organic photoelectric
materials, while several benzo[b]thiophenes have been used as organic semiconductors.
Benzo[b]thiophenes have also been used as building blocks or intermediates for the synthesis
of pharmaceutically important molecules.
:
Due to such a wide range of applicability, the synthesis of benzo[b]thiophene derivatives has
attracted intensive research. Numerous mild and efficient approaches for the synthesis of
benzo[b]thiophenes have been developed over the years. Different catalysts and substrates have been applied for
benzo[b]thiophene synthesis. This review will focus on the studies in the construction of benzo[b]thiophene skeleton,
which date back from 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dau Xuan Duc
- Department of Chemistry, Vinh University, Vinh City, Vietnam
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20
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Levy E, Delvin E, Marcil V, Spahis S. Can phytotherapy with polyphenols serve as a powerful approach for the prevention and therapy tool of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)? Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E689-E708. [PMID: 32755302 PMCID: PMC7518070 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00298.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Much more serious than the previous severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV) outbreaks, the novel SARS-CoV-2 infection has spread speedily, affecting 213 countries and causing ∼17,300,000 cases and ∼672,000 (∼+1,500/day) deaths globally (as of July 31, 2020). The potentially fatal coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by air droplets and airborne as the main transmission modes, clearly induces a spectrum of respiratory clinical manifestations, but it also affects the immune, gastrointestinal, hematological, nervous, and renal systems. The dramatic scale of disorders and complications arises from the inadequacy of current treatments and absence of a vaccine and specific anti-COVID-19 drugs to suppress viral replication, inflammation, and additional pathogenic conditions. This highlights the importance of understanding the SARS-CoV-2 mechanisms of actions and the urgent need of prospecting for new or alternative treatment options. The main objective of the present review is to discuss the challenging issue relative to the clinical utility of plants-derived polyphenols in fighting viral infections. Not only is the strong capacity of polyphenols highlighted in magnifying health benefits, but the underlying mechanisms are also stressed. Finally, emphasis is placed on the potential ability of polyphenols to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection via the regulation of its molecular targets of human cellular binding and replication, as well as through the resulting host inflammation, oxidative stress, and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile Levy
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valérie Marcil
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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21
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Mattio LM, Catinella G, Pinto A, Dallavalle S. Natural and nature-inspired stilbenoids as antiviral agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 202:112541. [PMID: 32652408 PMCID: PMC7335248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Viruses continue to be a major threat to human health. In the last century, pandemics occurred and resulted in significant mortality and morbidity. Natural products have been largely screened as source of inspiration for new antiviral agents. Within the huge class of plant secondary metabolites, resveratrol-derived stilbenoids present a wide structural diversity and mediate a great number of biological responses relevant for human health. However, whilst the antiviral activity of resveratrol has been extensively studied, little is known about the efficacy of its monomeric and oligomeric derivatives. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the achievements in this field, with particular emphasis on the source, chemical structures and the mechanism of action of resveratrol-derived stilbenoids against the most challenging viruses. The collected results highlight the therapeutic versatility of stilbene-containing compounds and provide a prospective insight into their potential development as antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luce M Mattio
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Giorgia Catinella
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Pinto
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Sabrina Dallavalle
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy.
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22
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Singhal A, Cheng CY. Host NAD+ metabolism and infections: therapeutic implications. Int Immunol 2020; 31:59-67. [PMID: 30329059 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxy068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is both a crucial coenzyme and a cosubstrate for various metabolic reactions in all living cells. Maintenance of NAD+ levels is essential for cell energy homeostasis, survival, proliferation and function. Mounting evidence points to NAD+ as one of the major modulators of immuno-metabolic circuits, thus regulating immune responses and functions. Recent studies delineate impaired host NAD+ metabolism during chronic infections and inflammation, suggesting NAD+ replenishment as an avenue to ameliorate deleterious inflammatory responses. Here, we discuss aspects of NAD+ biosynthesis and consumption, NAD+ biology during infections and how NAD+ metabolism can be intervened with pharmacologically to enhance the host's immunological fitness against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Singhal
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Centre (VIDRC), Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Catherine Youting Cheng
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
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McDaniel YZ, Patterson SE, Mansky LM. Distinct dual antiviral mechanism that enhances hepatitis B virus mutagenesis and reduces viral DNA synthesis. Antiviral Res 2019; 170:104540. [PMID: 31247245 PMCID: PMC8191393 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Reverse transcriptase (RT) is an essential enzyme for the replication of retroviruses and hepadnaviruses. Current therapies do not eliminate the intracellular viral replication intermediate termed covalently closed circular (ccc) DNA, which has enhanced interest in hepatitis B virus (HBV) reverse transcription and cccDNA formation. The HBV cccDNA is generated as a plasmid-like episome in the host cell nucleus from the protein-linked relaxed circular (rc) DNA genome in incoming virions during HBV replication. The creation of the cccDNA via conversion from rcDNA remains not fully understood. Here, we sought to investigate whether viral mutagens can effect HBV replication. In particular, we investigated whether nucleoside analogs that act as viral mutagens with retroviruses could impact hepadnaviral DNA synthesis. We observed that a viral mutagen (e.g., 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, 5-aza-dC or 5-azacytidine, 5-aza-C) severely diminished the ability of a HBV vector to express a reporter gene following virus transfer and infection of target cells. As predicted, the treatment of 5-aza-dC or 5-aza-C elevated the HBV rcDNA mutation frequency, primarily by increasing the frequency of G-to-C transversion mutations. A reduction in rcDNA synthesis was also observed. Intriguingly, the cccDNA nick/gap region transcription was diminished by 5-aza-dC, but did not enhance viral mutagenesis. Taken together, our results demonstrate that viral mutagens can impact HBV reverse transcription, and propose a model in which viral mutagens can induce mutagenesis during rcDNA formation and diminish viral DNA synthesis during both rcDNA formation and the conversion of rcDNA to cccDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Z McDaniel
- Veterinary Medicine Graduate Program, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA; Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Steven E Patterson
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA; Center for Drug Design, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Louis M Mansky
- Veterinary Medicine Graduate Program, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA; Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA; Division of Basic Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA; Center for Drug Design, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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24
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Walter C, Fallows N, Kesharwani T. Copper-Catalyzed Electrophilic Chlorocyclization Reaction Using Sodium Chloride as the Source of Electrophilic Chlorine. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:6538-6545. [PMID: 31459785 PMCID: PMC6648761 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted benzo[b]thiophenes with selective placement of a chlorine moiety at the 3 position while maintaining diversity at the 2 position has only been accomplished by a handful of conditions in the past. The development of a greener, less expensive, and simpler method is paramount for the exploration of innovative compounds for application in medicinal and materials chemistry. Herein, the first reported copper-catalyzed electrophilic chlorocyclization method was developed and employed across diverse substrates to generate highly functionalized 2,3-disubstituted benzo[b]thiophenes and 2,3,5-trisubstituted thiophenes in very high yields. This method was optimized in both ethanol and acetonitrile in a comparative solvent study. The utility of this method was further expanded beyond chlorocyclization by changing the sodium halide to generate bromo- and iodocyclization products in excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Walter
- Department of Chemistry, University
of West Florida, Pensacola, Florida 32514, United States
| | - Natalie Fallows
- Department of Chemistry, University
of West Florida, Pensacola, Florida 32514, United States
| | - Tanay Kesharwani
- Department of Chemistry, University
of West Florida, Pensacola, Florida 32514, United States
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Koushki M, Amiri‐Dashatan N, Ahmadi N, Abbaszadeh H, Rezaei‐Tavirani M. Resveratrol: A miraculous natural compound for diseases treatment. Food Sci Nutr 2018; 6:2473-2490. [PMID: 30510749 PMCID: PMC6261232 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (3, 5, 4'-trihydroxystilbene) is a nonflavonoid polyphenol that naturally occurs as phytoalexin. It is produced by plant sources such as grapes, apples, blueberries, plums, and peanut. This compound has critical roles in human health and is well known for its diverse biological activities such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Nowadays, due to rising incidence of different diseases such as cancer and diabetes, efforts to find novel and effective disease-protective agents have led to the identification of plant-derived compounds such as resveratrol. Furthermore, several in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed the effectiveness of resveratrol in various diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, obesity, inflammatory, neurodegenerative, and age-related diseases. This review presents an overview of currently available studies on preventive properties and essential molecular mechanisms involved in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Koushki
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Nasrin Amiri‐Dashatan
- Student Research CommitteeProteomics Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Nayebali Ahmadi
- Proteomics Research CenterFaculty of Paramedical SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Mostafa Rezaei‐Tavirani
- Proteomics Research CenterFaculty of Paramedical SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Lin X, Ammosova T, Kumari N, Nekhai S. Protein Phosphatase-1 -targeted Small Molecules, Iron Chelators and Curcumin Analogs as HIV-1 Antivirals. Curr Pharm Des 2018; 23:4122-4132. [PMID: 28677499 DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170704123620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite efficient suppression of HIV-1 replication, current antiviral drugs are not able to eradicate HIV-1 infection. Permanent HIV-1 suppression or complete eradication requires novel biological approaches and therapeutic strategies. Our previous studies showed that HIV-1 transcription is regulated by host cell protein phosphatase-1. We also showed that HIV-1 transcription is sensitive to the reduction of intracellular iron that affects cell cycle-dependent kinase 2. We developed protein phosphatase 1-targeting small molecules that inhibited HIV-1 transcription. We also found an additional class of protein phosphatase-1-targeting molecules that activated HIV-1 transcription and reported HIV-1 inhibitory iron chelators and novel curcumin analogs that inhibit HIV-1. Here, we review HIV-1 transcription and replication with focus on its regulation by protein phosphatase 1 and cell cycle dependent kinase 2 and describe novel small molecules that can serve as future leads for anti-HIV drug development. RESULTS Our review describes in a non-exhaustive manner studies in which HIV-1 transcription and replication are targeted with small molecules. Previously, published studies show that HIV-1 can be inhibited with protein phosphatase-1-targeting and iron chelating compounds and curcumin analogs. These results are significant in light of the current efforts to eradicate HIV-1 through permanent inhibition. Also, HIV-1 activating compounds can be useful for "kick and kill" therapy in which the virus is reactivated prior to its inhibition by the combination antiretroviral therapy. CONCLUSION The studies described in our review point to protein phosphatase-1 as a new drug target, intracellular iron as subject for iron chelation and novel curcumin analogs that can be developed for novel HIV-1 transcription- targeting therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xionghao Lin
- Center for Sickle Cell Disease, 1840 7th Street, N.W. HURB1, Suite 202, Washington DC 20001. United States
| | - Tatyana Ammosova
- Center for Sickle Cell Disease, 1840 7th Street, N.W. HURB1, Suite 202, Washington DC 20001. United States
| | - Namita Kumari
- Center for Sickle Cell Disease, 1840 7th Street, N.W. HURB1, Suite 202, Washington DC 20001. United States
| | - Sergei Nekhai
- Center for Sickle Cell Disease, 1840 7th Street, N.W. HURB1, Suite 202, Washington DC 20001. United States
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy (MHE) is characterized by an impairment of social interaction, emotional behavior, sleep disorders, physical and mental symptoms, and diminished Quality of Life (QoL). The aim of our study is evaluating the potential liver health promoting a perspective of Resveratrol (RV) activities and evaluate whether RV treatment may improve health related quality of life (HRQL) and reduce depression and anxiety in patients with MHE. METHODS We evaluated depression using the Beck Depression Inventory test, anxiety with State-trait anxiety inventory test, quality of life through SF-36 test, and ammonia serum levels in 70 MHE patients that were randomized into two groups. RESULTS In the comparison between RV group and placebo group we observed a decrease in Back Depression Inventory (BDI) (p < 0.001), in State-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) (p < 0.001), and improve in physical function (p < 0.001), in role physical (p < 0.05), in body pain (p < 0.05), in general health (p < 0.001), in vitality (p < 0.05), and in social function (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Resveratrol showed efficacy in the treatment of depression, anxiety, and ammonia serum levels, and improved the quality of life Of MHE patients.
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28
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Therapeutic Versatility of Resveratrol Derivatives. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9111188. [PMID: 29109374 PMCID: PMC5707660 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol, a natural phytoalexin, exhibits a remarkable range of biological activities, such as anticancer, cardioprotective, neuroprotective and antioxidant properties. However, the therapeutic application of resveratrol was encumbered for its low bioavailability. Therefore, many researchers focused on designing and synthesizing the derivatives of resveratrol to enhance the bioavailability and the pharmacological activity of resveratrol. During the past decades, a large number of natural and synthetic resveratrol derivatives were extensively studied, and the methoxylated, hydroxylated and halogenated derivatives of resveratrol received particular more attention for their beneficial bioactivity. So, in this review, we will summarize the chemical structure and the therapeutic versatility of resveratrol derivatives, and thus provide the related structure activity relationship reference for their practical applications.
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29
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Bostanghadiri N, Pormohammad A, Chirani AS, Pouriran R, Erfanimanesh S, Hashemi A. Comprehensive review on the antimicrobial potency of the plant polyphenol Resveratrol. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1588-1595. [PMID: 28950659 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of some infectious diseases are becoming more complicated because of increasing drug resistance rate and lack of proper antibiotics. Because of the rapid increase in drug-resistance trend, there is an urgent need for alternative microbicides to control infectious diseases. Resveratrol (RSV) is a small plant polyphenol that is naturally produced and distributed in 72 particular families of plants. The usage of natural derivatives such as RSV, have become popular among researchers for curing acute and chronic diseases. The purpose of the preset study was to comprehensively review and survey the antimicrobial potency of RSV. The present study demonstrates RSV as a natural antimicrobial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjess Bostanghadiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Pormohammad
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Salimi Chirani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Pouriran
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soroor Erfanimanesh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hashemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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30
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Khakimov B, Engelsen SB. Resveratrol in the foodomics era: 1:25,000. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1403:48-58. [PMID: 28868614 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol is probably the most investigated plant secondary metabolite ever. An epidemiological study known as the French paradox showed a correlation between red wine intake and low mortality due to coronary heart diseases, and the red wine substance resveratrol was claimed to play a key role. Since then, several hundred resveratrol studies have been conducted to demonstrate its antioxidant and other beneficial properties. In the foodomics era, considering a complex foodome including over 25,000 substances that make up the human diet, it appears to be outdated to pursue the hunt for biological activities one function/compound at a time. First, nature is multivariate, and the effect of any one molecule will have to be modulated by its carrying matrix, its bioavailability, and synergies with other molecules. Second, a large number of targeted studies have the tendency to become biased, as they tend to retain only the data that the researchers think are relevant and thus increase the chances of spurious correlations. In this concise review, we retrace the research toward a more inductive, holistic, and multivariate path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekzod Khakimov
- Chemometrics and Analytical Technology, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Søren Balling Engelsen
- Chemometrics and Analytical Technology, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Potent Inhibition of HIV-1 Replication in Resting CD4 T Cells by Resveratrol and Pterostilbene. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.00408-17. [PMID: 28652233 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00408-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 infection of resting CD4 T cells plays a crucial and numerically dominant role during virus transmission at mucosal sites and during subsequent acute replication and T cell depletion. Resveratrol and pterostilbene are plant stilbenoids associated with several health-promoting benefits. Resveratrol has been shown to inhibit the replication of several viruses, including herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, papillomaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome virus, and influenza virus. Alone, resveratrol does not inhibit HIV-1 infection of activated T cells, but it does synergize with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in these cells to inhibit reverse transcription. Here, we demonstrate that resveratrol and pterostilbene completely block HIV-1 infection at a low micromolar dose in resting CD4 T cells, primarily at the reverse transcription step. The anti-HIV effect was fully reversed by exogenous deoxynucleosides and Vpx, an HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus protein that increases deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) levels. These findings are consistent with the reported ability of resveratrol to inhibit ribonucleotide reductase and to lower dNTP levels in cells. This study supports the potential use of resveratrol, pterostilbene, or related compounds as adjuvants in anti-HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) formulations.
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Keri RS, Chand K, Budagumpi S, Balappa Somappa S, Patil SA, Nagaraja BM. An overview of benzo[b]thiophene-based medicinal chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:1002-1033. [PMID: 28759875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Among sulfur containing heterocycles, benzothiophene and its derivatives are at the focus as these candidates have structural similarities with active compounds to develop new potent lead molecules in drug design. Benzo[b]thiophene scaffold is one of the privileged structures in drug discovery as this core exhibits various biological activities allowing them to act as anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-tubercular, anti-diabetic, anti-convulsant agents and many more. Further, numerous benzothiophene-based compounds as clinical drugs have been extensively used to treat various types of diseases with high therapeutic potency, which has led to their extensive developments. Due to the wide range of biological activities of benzothiophene, their structure activity relationships (SAR) have generated interest among medicinal chemists, and this has culminated in the discovery of several lead molecules against numerous diseases. The present review is endeavoring to highlight the progress in the various pharmacological activities of benzo[b]thiophene derivatives. It is hoped that this review will be helpful for new thoughts in the quest for rational designs of more active and less toxic benzothiophene-based medicinal drugs, as well as more effective diagnostic agents and pathologic probes. Also, SAR studies that highlight the chemical groups responsible for evoking the potential activities of benzothiophene derivatives are studied and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangappa S Keri
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram, Bangalore 562112, India.
| | - Karam Chand
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Srinivasa Budagumpi
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram, Bangalore 562112, India
| | - Sasidhar Balappa Somappa
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India; Organic Chemistry Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Siddappa A Patil
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram, Bangalore 562112, India
| | - Bhari Mallanna Nagaraja
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram, Bangalore 562112, India
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Zeng X, Pan X, Xu X, Lin J, Que F, Tian Y, Li L, Liu S. Resveratrol Reactivates Latent HIV through Increasing Histone Acetylation and Activating Heat Shock Factor 1. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:4384-4394. [PMID: 28471170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The persistence of latent HIV reservoirs presents a significant challenge to viral eradication. Effective latency reversing agents (LRAs) based on "shock and kill" strategy are urgently needed. The natural phytoalexin resveratrol has been demonstrated to enhance HIV gene expression, although its mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that resveratrol was able to reactivate latent HIV without global T cell activation in vitro. Mode of action studies showed resveratrol-mediated reactivation from latency did not involve the activation of silent mating type information regulation 2 homologue 1 (SIRT1), which belonged to class-3 histone deacetylase (HDAC). However, latent HIV was reactivated by resveratrol mediated through increasing histone acetylation and activation of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1). Additionally, synergistic activation of the latent HIV reservoirs was observed under cotreatment with resveratrol and conventional LRAs. Collectively, this research reveals that resveratrol is a natural LRA and shows promise for HIV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaoyan Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Science , Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xinfeng Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fuchang Que
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuanxin Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515, China
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He GX, Yuan JM, Zhu HM, Wei K, Wang LY, Kong SL, Mo DL, Pan CX, Su GF. Synthesis and antitumor evaluation of 2,3-diarylbenzofuran derivatives on HeLa cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1660-1664. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Resveratrol treatment reveals a novel role for HMGB1 in regulation of the type 1 interferon response in dengue virus infection. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42998. [PMID: 28216632 PMCID: PMC5316936 DOI: 10.1038/srep42998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is one of the most significant mosquito-borne virus diseases worldwide, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. This study sought to examine the antiviral activity of resveratrol (RESV), a phytoalexin secreted naturally by plants, against dengue virus (DENV) infection. Our data showed that RESV inhibits the translocation of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a DNA binding protein that normally resides in the nucleus, into the cytoplasm and extracellular milieu. HMGB1 migrates out of the nucleus during DENV infection. This migration is inhibited by RESV treatment and is mediated by induction of Sirt1 which leads to the retention of HMGB1 in the nucleus and consequently helps in the increased production of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Nuclear HMGB1 was found to bind to the promoter region of the ISG and positively regulated the expression of ISG. The enhanced transcription of ISGs by nuclear HMGB1 thus contributes to the antiviral activity of RESV against DENV. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate that RESV antagonizes DENV replication and that nuclear HMGB1 plays a role in regulating ISG production.
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Li J, Liu Y, Zhang J, Yu X, Wang X, Zhao L. Effects of resveratrol on P-glycoprotein and cytochrome P450 3A in vitro and on pharmacokinetics of oral saquinavir in rats. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:3699-3706. [PMID: 27895462 PMCID: PMC5117956 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s118723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background The intestinal cytochrome P450 3A (CYP 3A) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) present a barrier to the oral absorption of saquinavir (SQV). Resveratrol (RESV) has been indicated to have modulatory effects on P-gp and CYP 3A. Therefore, this study was to investigate the effects of RESV on P-gp and CYP 3A activities in vitro and in vivo on oral SQV pharmacokinetics in rats. Methods In vitro, intestinal microsomes were used to evaluate RESV effect on CYP 3A-mediated metabolism of SQV; MDR1-expressing Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCKII-MDR1) cells were employed to assess the impact of RESV on P-gp-mediated efflux of SQV. In vivo effects were studied using 10 rats randomly assigned to receive oral SQV (30 mg/kg) with or without RESV (20 mg/kg). Serial blood samples were obtained over the following 24 h. Concentrations of SQV in samples were ascertained using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Results RESV (1–100 μM) enhanced residual SQV (% of control) in a dose-dependent manner after incubation with intestinal microsomes. RESV (1–100 μM) reduced the accumulation of SQV in MDCKII-MDR1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. A double peaking phenomenon was observed in the plasma SQV profiles in rats. The first peak of plasma SQV concentration was increased, but the second peak was reduced by coadministration with RESV. The mean AUC0–∞ of SQV was slightly decreased, with no statistical significance probably due to the high individual variation. Conclusion RESV can alter the plasma SQV concentration profiles, shorten the Tmax of SQV. RESV might also cause a slight decrease tendency in the SQV bioavailability in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University; Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingru Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University; Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotong Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University; Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Libo Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University
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Yamauchi T, Shibahara F, Murai T. Pd/phenanthroline-catalyzed arylative cyclization of o-(1-alkynyl)thioanisoles: synthesis of 3-arylated benzo[b]thiophenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Mitochondrial function in hypoxic ischemic injury and influence of aging. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 157:92-116. [PMID: 27321753 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are a major target in hypoxic/ischemic injury. Mitochondrial impairment increases with age leading to dysregulation of molecular pathways linked to mitochondria. The perturbation of mitochondrial homeostasis and cellular energetics worsens outcome following hypoxic-ischemic insults in elderly individuals. In response to acute injury conditions, cellular machinery relies on rapid adaptations by modulating posttranslational modifications. Therefore, post-translational regulation of molecular mediators such as hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator α (PGC-1α), c-MYC, SIRT1 and AMPK play a critical role in the control of the glycolytic-mitochondrial energy axis in response to hypoxic-ischemic conditions. The deficiency of oxygen and nutrients leads to decreased energetic reliance on mitochondria, promoting glycolysis. The combination of pseudohypoxia, declining autophagy, and dysregulation of stress responses with aging adds to impaired host response to hypoxic-ischemic injury. Furthermore, intermitochondrial signal propagation and tissue wide oscillations in mitochondrial metabolism in response to oxidative stress are emerging as vital to cellular energetics. Recently reported intercellular transport of mitochondria through tunneling nanotubes also play a role in the response to and treatments for ischemic injury. In this review we attempt to provide an overview of some of the molecular mechanisms and potential therapies involved in the alteration of cellular energetics with aging and injury with a neurobiological perspective.
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Rawson JMO, Roth ME, Xie J, Daly MB, Clouser CL, Landman SR, Reilly CS, Bonnac L, Kim B, Patterson SE, Mansky LM. Synergistic reduction of HIV-1 infectivity by 5-azacytidine and inhibitors of ribonucleotide reductase. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:2410-2422. [PMID: 27117260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although many compounds have been approved for the treatment of human immunodeficiency type-1 (HIV-1) infection, additional anti-HIV-1 drugs (particularly those belonging to new drug classes) are still needed due to issues such as long-term drug-associated toxicities, transmission of drug-resistant variants, and development of multi-class resistance. Lethal mutagenesis represents an antiviral strategy that has not yet been clinically translated for HIV-1 and is based on the use of small molecules to induce excessive levels of deleterious mutations within the viral genome. Here, we show that 5-azacytidine (5-aza-C), a ribonucleoside analog that induces the lethal mutagenesis of HIV-1, and multiple inhibitors of the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) interact in a synergistic fashion to more effectively reduce the infectivity of HIV-1. In these drug combinations, RNR inhibitors failed to significantly inhibit the conversion of 5-aza-C to 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, suggesting that 5-aza-C acts primarily as a deoxyribonucleoside even in the presence of RNR inhibitors. The mechanism of antiviral synergy was further investigated for the combination of 5-aza-C and one specific RNR inhibitor, resveratrol, as this combination improved the selectivity index of 5-aza-C to the greatest extent. Antiviral synergy was found to be primarily due to the reduced accumulation of reverse transcription products rather than the enhancement of viral mutagenesis. To our knowledge, these observations represent the first demonstration of antiretroviral synergy between a ribonucleoside analog and RNR inhibitors, and encourage the development of additional ribonucleoside analogs and RNR inhibitors with improved antiretroviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M O Rawson
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, 18-242 Moos Tower, 515 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology & Genetics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Megan E Roth
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, 18-242 Moos Tower, 515 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, 515 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jiashu Xie
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, 516 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Michele B Daly
- Emory Center for AIDS Research, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Suite 8050, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Christine L Clouser
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, 18-242 Moos Tower, 515 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, 515 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sean R Landman
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, 4-192 Keller Hall, 200 Union Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Cavan S Reilly
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, 18-242 Moos Tower, 515 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Laurent Bonnac
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, 516 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Baek Kim
- Emory Center for AIDS Research, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Suite 8050, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Steven E Patterson
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, 18-242 Moos Tower, 515 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, 516 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Louis M Mansky
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, 18-242 Moos Tower, 515 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, 515 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, 689 23rd Avenue SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology & Genetics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, 516 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Liu X, Xu Z, Hou C, Wang M, Chen X, Lin Q, Song R, Lou M, Zhu L, Qiu Y, Chen Z, Yang C, Zhu W, Shao J. Inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication by targeting ribonucleotide reductase M2 protein. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 103:118-28. [PMID: 26774458 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a key factor for hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. Ribonucleotide reductase (RR) regulates the deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates biosynthesis and serves as a target for anti-cancer therapy. Here, we demonstrate that RR is essential for HBV replication and the viral covalently-closed-circular DNA (cccDNA) synthesis in host liver cells. By performing computer-assisted virtual screening against the crystal structure of RR small subunit M2 (RRM2), osalmid, was identified as a potential RRM2-targeting compound. Osalmid was shown to be 10-fold more active in inhibiting RR activity than hydroxyurea, and significantly inhibited HBV DNA and cccDNA synthesis in HepG2.2.15 cells. In contrast, hydroxyurea and the RR large subunit (RRM1)-inhibitory drug gemcitabine showed little selective activity against HBV replication. In addition, osalmid also was shown to possess potent activity against a 3TC-resistant HBV strain, suggesting utility in treating drug-resistant HBV infections. Interestingly, osalmid showed synergistic effects with lamivudine (3TC) in vitro and in vivo without significant toxicity, and was shown to inhibit RR activity in vivo, thus verifying its in vivo function. Furthermore, 4-cyclopropyl-2-fluoro-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) benzamide (YZ51), a novel derivative of osalmid, showed higher efficacy than osalmid with more potent RR inhibitory activity. These results suggest that RRM2 might be targeted for HBV inhibition, and the RRM2-targeting compound osalmid and its derivative YZ51 could be a novel class of anti-HBV candidates with potential use for hepatitis B and HBV-related HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Central Laboratory, The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chuanwei Hou
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinhuan Chen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhengzhou University School of Medicine, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qinghui Lin
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rui Song
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Meng Lou
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yunqing Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Chunhao Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jimin Shao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Xie Y, Yu C, Que Y, Li T, Wang Y, Lu Y, Wang W, Shen S, Yao C. N-Heterocyclic carbene-triggered transition-metal-free synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted benzofuran derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:6463-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00363j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
An NHC-triggered, transition-metal-free strategy for the efficient synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted benzofuran derivatives in moderate to excellent yields from aryl or alkyl aldehydes and o-quinone methides has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanwei Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou 221116
- P. R. China
| | - Chenxia Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou 221116
- P. R. China
| | - Yonglei Que
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou 221116
- P. R. China
| | - Tuanjie Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou 221116
- P. R. China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou 221116
- P. R. China
| | - Yinan Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou 221116
- P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou 221116
- P. R. China
| | - Shide Shen
- Xuzhou Institute of Architectural Technology
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Changsheng Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou 221116
- P. R. China
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Rawson JMO, Clouser CL, Mansky LM. Rapid Determination of HIV-1 Mutant Frequencies and Mutation Spectra Using an mCherry/EGFP Dual-Reporter Viral Vector. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1354:71-88. [PMID: 26714706 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3046-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The high mutation rate of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) has been a pivotal factor in its evolutionary success as a human pathogen, driving the emergence of drug resistance, immune system escape, and invasion of distinct anatomical compartments. Extensive research has focused on understanding how various cellular and viral factors alter the rates and types of mutations produced during viral replication. Here, we describe a single-cycle dual-reporter vector assay that relies upon the detection of mutations that eliminate either expression of mCherry or enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). The reporter-based method can be used to efficiently quantify changes in mutant frequencies and mutation spectra that arise due to a variety of factors, including viral mutagens, drug resistance mutations, cellular physiology, and APOBEC3 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M O Rawson
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology & Genetics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Christine L Clouser
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Louis M Mansky
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology & Genetics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, Graduate Program, Mayo Mail Code 196, 1460 Mayo Building, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Antiviral Activity of Resveratrol against Human and Animal Viruses. Adv Virol 2015; 2015:184241. [PMID: 26693226 PMCID: PMC4676993 DOI: 10.1155/2015/184241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a potent polyphenolic compound that is being extensively studied in the amelioration of viral infections both in vitro and in vivo. Its antioxidant effect is mainly elicited through inhibition of important gene pathways like the NF-κβ pathway, while its antiviral effects are associated with inhibitions of viral replication, protein synthesis, gene expression, and nucleic acid synthesis. Although the beneficial roles of resveratrol in several viral diseases have been well documented, a few adverse effects have been reported as well. This review highlights the antiviral mechanisms of resveratrol in human and animal viral infections and how some of these effects are associated with the antioxidant properties of the compound.
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Natural polyphenols: potential in the prevention of sexually transmitted viral infections. Drug Discov Today 2015; 21:333-41. [PMID: 26546859 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Sexually transmitted viral infections represent a major public health concern due to lack of effective prevention strategies. Efforts are ongoing to develop modalities that can enable simultaneous prevention of multiple sexually transmitted infections. In the present review, we discuss the potential of natural polyphenols to prevent sexually transmitted viral infections. The review gives an account of various in vitro and in vivo studies carried out on epigallocatechin gallate, theaflavins (black tea polyphenols), resveratrol, genistein and curcumin to highlight their potential to prevent sexually transmitted infections caused by HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), HSV (herpes simplex virus) and HPV (human papilloma virus).
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Kang H, Kim C, Kim DE, Song JH, Choi M, Choi K, Kang M, Lee K, Kim HS, Shin JS, Kim J, Han SB, Lee MY, Lee SU, Lee CK, Kim M, Ko HJ, van Kuppeveld FJM, Cho S. Synergistic antiviral activity of gemcitabine and ribavirin against enteroviruses. Antiviral Res 2015; 124:1-10. [PMID: 26526589 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Enteroviruses are major causative agents of various human diseases, and some of them are currently considered to be an enormous threat to public health. However, no effective therapy is currently available for the treatment of these infections. We identified gemcitabine, a nucleoside-analog drug used for cancer treatment, from a screen of bioactive chemicals as a novel inhibitor of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) and enterovirus 71 (EV71). Gemcitabine potently inhibited the proliferation of CVB3 and EV71, as well as the replication of CVB3 and EV71 replicons, in cells with a low micromolar IC50 (1-5 μM). Its strong inhibitory effect was also observed in cells infected with human rhinoviruses, demonstrating broad-spectrum antiviral effects on enteroviruses. Mechanistically, an extensive analysis excluded the involvement of 2C, 3A, IRES-dependent translation, and also that of polyprotein processing in the antiviral effects of gemcitabine. Importantly, gemcitabine in combination with ribavirin, an antiviral drug currently being used against a few RNA viruses, exhibited a synergistic antiviral effect on the replication of CVB3 and EV71 replicons. Consequently, our results clearly demonstrate a new indication for gemcitabine as an effective broad-spectrum inhibitor of enteroviruses and strongly suggest a new therapeutic strategy using gemcitabine alone or in combination with ribavirin for the treatment of various diseases associated with enterovirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Kang
- Incurable Diseases Therapeutics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Chonsaeng Kim
- Virus Research and Testing Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dong-eun Kim
- Incurable Diseases Therapeutics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hyoung Song
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Miri Choi
- Incurable Diseases Therapeutics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Kwangman Choi
- Incurable Diseases Therapeutics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea; Department of Medical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Mingu Kang
- Incurable Diseases Therapeutics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Kyungjin Lee
- Virus Research and Testing Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hae Soo Kim
- Virus Research and Testing Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jin Soo Shin
- Virus Research and Testing Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Janghwan Kim
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Mi-Young Lee
- Department of Medical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Su Ui Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Chong-Kyo Lee
- Virus Research and Testing Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Meehyein Kim
- Virus Research and Testing Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Ko
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Frank J M van Kuppeveld
- Section of Virology, Department Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sungchan Cho
- Incurable Diseases Therapeutics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea.
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47
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Yang T, Li S, Zhang X, Pang X, Lin Q, Cao J. Resveratrol, sirtuins, and viruses. Rev Med Virol 2015; 25:431-45. [DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology; Central South University of Forestry and Technology; Changsha Hunan Province China
| | - Shugang Li
- Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Deep Processing on Featured Agricultural Products in South Xinjiang; Tarim University; Alar Xinjiang China
| | - Xuming Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Little Rock AR USA
| | - Xiaowu Pang
- Departments of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry; Howard University; Washington DC USA
| | - Qinlu Lin
- College of Food Science and Technology; Central South University of Forestry and Technology; Changsha Hunan Province China
| | - Jianzhong Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology; Central South University of Forestry and Technology; Changsha Hunan Province China
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48
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Minkovsky A, Sahakyan A, Bonora G, Damoiseaux R, Dimitrova E, Rubbi L, Pellegrini M, Radu CG, Plath K. A high-throughput screen of inactive X chromosome reactivation identifies the enhancement of DNA demethylation by 5-aza-2'-dC upon inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase. Epigenetics Chromatin 2015; 8:42. [PMID: 26468331 PMCID: PMC4604769 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-015-0034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation is important for the maintenance of the silent state of genes on the inactive X chromosome (Xi). Here, we screened for siRNAs and chemicals that reactivate an Xi-linked reporter in the presence of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-2'-dC), an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase 1, at a concentration that, on its own, is not sufficient for Xi-reactivation. RESULTS We found that inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) induced expression of the reporter. RNR inhibition potentiated the effect of 5-aza-2'-dC by enhancing its DNA incorporation, thereby decreasing DNA methylation levels genome-wide. Since both 5-aza-2'-dC and RNR-inhibitors are used in the treatment of hematological malignancies, we treated myeloid leukemia cell lines with 5-aza-2'-dC and the RNR-inhibitor hydroxyurea, and observed synergistic inhibition of cell growth and a decrease in genome-wide DNA methylation. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our study identifies a drug combination that enhances DNA demethylation by altering nucleotide metabolism. This demonstrates that Xi-reactivation assays can be used to optimize the epigenetic activity of drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Minkovsky
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, 615 Charles E. Young Drive South, BSRB 390D, Los Angeles, 90095 USA
| | - Anna Sahakyan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, 615 Charles E. Young Drive South, BSRB 390D, Los Angeles, 90095 USA
| | - Giancarlo Bonora
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, 615 Charles E. Young Drive South, BSRB 390D, Los Angeles, 90095 USA
| | - Robert Damoiseaux
- Department of Molecular and Medicinal Chemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095 USA
| | - Elizabeth Dimitrova
- Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095 USA
| | - Liudmilla Rubbi
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095 USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095 USA
| | - Caius G Radu
- Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095 USA
| | - Kathrin Plath
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, 615 Charles E. Young Drive South, BSRB 390D, Los Angeles, 90095 USA
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Lack of mutational hot spots during decitabine-mediated HIV-1 mutagenesis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:6834-43. [PMID: 26282416 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01644-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Decitabine has previously been shown to induce lethal mutagenesis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). However, the factors that determine the susceptibilities of individual sequence positions in HIV-1 to decitabine have not yet been defined. To investigate this, we performed Illumina high-throughput sequencing of multiple amplicons prepared from proviral DNA that was recovered from decitabine-treated cells infected with HIV-1. We found that decitabine induced an ≈4.1-fold increase in the total mutation frequency of HIV-1, primarily due to a striking ≈155-fold increase in the G-to-C transversion frequency. Intriguingly, decitabine also led to an ≈29-fold increase in the C-to-G transversion frequency. G-to-C frequencies varied substantially (up to ≈80-fold) depending upon sequence position, but surprisingly, mutational hot spots (defined as upper outliers within the mutation frequency distribution) were not observed. We further found that every single guanine position examined was significantly susceptible to the mutagenic effects of decitabine. Taken together, these observations demonstrate for the first time that decitabine-mediated HIV-1 mutagenesis is promiscuous and occurs in the absence of a clear bias for mutational hot spots. These data imply that decitabine-mediated G-to-C mutagenesis is a highly effective antiviral mechanism for extinguishing HIV-1 infectivity.
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50
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Han YS, Quashie PK, Mesplède T, Xu H, Quan Y, Jaeger W, Szekeres T, Wainberg MA. A resveratrol analog termed 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexahydroxy-trans-stilbene is a potent HIV-1 inhibitor. J Med Virol 2015; 87:2054-60. [PMID: 25989218 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
HIV resistance to current anti-HIV drugs and drug toxicity have created a need for new anti-HIV agents. We have examined and characterized a synthetic resveratrol analog, termed 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexahydroxy-trans-stilbene (M8), for potential anti-HIV activity. Here, we demonstrate that M8 possesses potent anti-HIV activity against several HIV variants with EC50 values in the low μM range. M8 was shown to act at a very early step of HIV entry prior to fusion to host cells. These results demonstrate that this novel resveratrol derivative possesses potent anti-HIV-1 activity and may have a mechanism of action that is different from current anti-HIV-1 drugs including entry inhibitors. Further structure-guided design might lead to the development of newer improved resveratrol derivatives that could have value either in therapy or as microbicides to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Shan Han
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter K Quashie
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thibault Mesplède
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hongtao Xu
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yudong Quan
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Walter Jaeger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Szekeres
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark A Wainberg
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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