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Nguyen HTM, van der Westhuizen ET, Langmead CJ, Tobin AB, Sexton PM, Christopoulos A, Valant C. Opportunities and challenges for the development of M 1 muscarinic receptor positive allosteric modulators in the treatment for neurocognitive deficits. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:2114-2142. [PMID: 36355830 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting allosteric sites of M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M1 receptors) is a promising strategy to treat neurocognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. Indeed, the last two decades have seen an impressive body of work focussing on the design and development of positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) for the M1 receptor. This has led to the identification of a structurally diverse range of highly selective M1 PAMs. In preclinical models, M1 PAMs have shown rescue of cognitive deficits and improvement of endpoints predictive of symptom domains of schizophrenia. Yet, to date only a few M1 PAMs have reached early-stage clinical trials, with many of them failing to progress further due to on-target mediated cholinergic adverse effects that have plagued the development of this class of ligand. This review covers the recent preclinical and clinical studies in the field of M1 receptor drug discovery for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia, with a specific focus on M1 PAM, highlighting both the undoubted potential but also key challenges for the successful translation of M1 PAMs from bench-side to bedside. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue Therapeutic Targeting of G Protein-Coupled Receptors: hot topics from the Australasian Society of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacologists and Toxicologists 2021 Virtual Annual Scientific Meeting. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.14/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong T M Nguyen
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash University, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Christopher J Langmead
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash University, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Neuromedicines Discovery Centre, Monash University, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash University, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew B Tobin
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash University, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash University, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash University, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Neuromedicines Discovery Centre, Monash University, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash University, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Celine Valant
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash University, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Neuromedicines Discovery Centre, Monash University, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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2
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Azargoonjahromi A. Current Findings and Potential Mechanisms of KarXT (Xanomeline-Trospium) in Schizophrenia Treatment. Clin Drug Investig 2024; 44:471-493. [PMID: 38904739 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-024-01377-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Standard schizophrenia treatment involves antipsychotic medications that target D2 dopamine receptors. However, these drugs have limitations in addressing all symptoms and can lead to adverse effects such as motor impairments, metabolic effects, sedation, sexual dysfunction, cognitive impairment, and tardive dyskinesia. Recently, KarXT has emerged as a novel drug for schizophrenia. KarXT combines xanomeline, a muscarinic receptor M1 and M4 agonist, with trospium, a nonselective antimuscarinic agent. Of note, xanomeline can readily cross blood-brain barrier (BBB) and, thus, enter into the brain, thereby stimulating muscarinic receptors (M1 and M4). By doing so, xanomeline has been shown to target negative symptoms and potentially improve positive symptoms. Trospium, on the other hand, is not able to cross BBB, thereby not affecting M1 and M4 receptors; instead, it acts as an antimuscarinic agent and, hence, diminishes peripheral activity of muscarinic receptors to minimize side effects probably stemming from xanomeline in other organs. Accordingly, ongoing clinical trials investigating KarXT's efficacy in schizophrenia have demonstrated positive outcomes, including significant improvements in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score and cognitive function compared with placebo. These findings emphasize the potential of KarXT as a promising treatment for schizophrenia, providing symptom relief while minimizing side effects associated with xanomeline monotherapy. Despite such promising evidence, further research is needed to confirm the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of KarXT in managing schizophrenia. This review article explores the current findings and potential mechanisms of KarXT in the treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Azargoonjahromi
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Janbazan Blv, 14th Alley, Jahrom, Shiraz, 7417773539, Fars, Iran.
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3
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Paul SM, Yohn SE, Popiolek M, Miller AC, Felder CC. Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonists as Novel Treatments for Schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2022; 179:611-627. [PMID: 35758639 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.21101083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia remains a challenging disease to treat effectively with current antipsychotic medications due to their limited efficacy across the entire spectrum of core symptoms as well as their often burdensome side-effect profiles and poor tolerability. An unmet need remains for novel, mechanistically unique, and better tolerated therapeutic agents for treating schizophrenia, especially those that treat not only positive symptoms but also the negative and cognitive symptoms of the disease. Almost 25 years ago, the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) agonist xanomeline was reported to reduce psychotic symptoms and improve cognition in patients with Alzheimer's disease. The antipsychotic and procognitive properties of xanomeline were subsequently confirmed in a small study of acutely psychotic patients with chronic schizophrenia. These unexpected clinical findings have prompted considerable efforts across academia and industry to target mAChRs as a new approach to potentially treat schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. The authors discuss recent advances in mAChR biology and pharmacology and the current understanding of the relative roles of the various mAChR subtypes, their downstream cellular effectors, and key neural circuits mediating the reduction in the core symptoms of schizophrenia in patients treated with xanomeline. They also provide an update on the status of novel mAChR agonists currently in development for potential treatment of schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders.
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4
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Atchuta Ramarao T, Jha A, Sen A. A Mechanistic Approach on the Cs
2
CO
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Mediated Synthesis of 4‐Azaindole Analogues Bearing Pyridine‐3‐Carboxamide and 1‐Phenylethanone. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Atchuta Ramarao
- Department of Chemistry GITAM Institute of Science GITAM (Deemed to be University), Rushikonda Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh 530045 India
| | - Anjali Jha
- Department of Chemistry GITAM Institute of Science GITAM (Deemed to be University), Rushikonda Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh 530045 India
| | - Anik Sen
- Department of Chemistry GITAM Institute of Science GITAM (Deemed to be University), Rushikonda Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh 530045 India
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5
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Drug Design Targeting the Muscarinic Receptors and the Implications in Central Nervous System Disorders. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020398. [PMID: 35203607 PMCID: PMC8962391 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is substantial evidence that cholinergic system function impairment plays a significant role in many central nervous system (CNS) disorders. During the past three decades, muscarinic receptors (mAChRs) have been implicated in various pathologies and have been prominent targets of drug-design efforts. However, due to the high sequence homology of the orthosteric binding site, many drug candidates resulted in limited clinical success. Although several advances in treating peripheral pathologies have been achieved, targeting CNS pathologies remains challenging for researchers. Nevertheless, significant progress has been made in recent years to develop functionally selective orthosteric and allosteric ligands targeting the mAChRs with limited side effect profiles. This review highlights past efforts and focuses on recent advances in drug design targeting these receptors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), schizophrenia (SZ), and depression.
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6
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Alam RM, Keating JJ. "Walking the nitrogen around the ring": Chemical synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of novel 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-azaindazole analogs of the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist MDMB-PINACA. Drug Test Anal 2021; 14:277-297. [PMID: 34654062 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) have rapidly evolved to encompass a wide range of structurally diverse new psychoactive substances (NPS), including derivatives that incorporate indole, indazole, 7-azaindole, γ-carbolinone, or carbazole heterocyclic scaffolds. The introduction of legislative measures seeking to control the availability of NPS on the recreational drug scene has likely contributed to the continued emergence of novel SCRA analogs, which often evade regulatory control. However, the detection and/or identification of azaindazole-type SCRAs in seized material has not yet been reported (September, 2021). It is plausible that SCRAs bearing a 1,3-disubstituted azaindazole scaffold may possess cannabimimetic activity, given their structural similarity with known indole, indazole, and azaindole SCRAs. In view of these antecedents, a set of four novel isomeric 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-azaindazole analogs of the known potent indazole SCRA, MDMB-PINACA, were synthesized using a Pd-catalyzed aminocarbonylation strategy. The complementary use of ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), 1D- and 2D-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has permitted the spectroscopic differentiation, unambiguous structural assignment, and rapid separation of novel isomeric 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-azaindazole analogs of the indazole SCRA, MDMB-PINACA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Alam
- Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John J Keating
- Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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7
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van der Westhuizen ET, Choy KHC, Valant C, McKenzie-Nickson S, Bradley SJ, Tobin AB, Sexton PM, Christopoulos A. Fine Tuning Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Signaling Through Allostery and Bias. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:606656. [PMID: 33584282 PMCID: PMC7878563 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.606656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The M1 and M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are highly pursued drug targets for neurological diseases, in particular for Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. Due to high sequence homology, selective targeting of any of the M1-M5 mAChRs through the endogenous ligand binding site has been notoriously difficult to achieve. With the discovery of highly subtype selective mAChR positive allosteric modulators in the new millennium, selectivity through targeting an allosteric binding site has opened new avenues for drug discovery programs. However, some hurdles remain to be overcome for these promising new drug candidates to progress into the clinic. One challenge is the potential for on-target side effects, such as for the M1 mAChR where over-activation of the receptor by orthosteric or allosteric ligands can be detrimental. Therefore, in addition to receptor subtype selectivity, a drug candidate may need to exhibit a biased signaling profile to avoid such on-target adverse effects. Indeed, recent studies in mice suggest that allosteric modulators for the M1 mAChR that bias signaling toward specific pathways may be therapeutically important. This review brings together details on the signaling pathways activated by the M1 and M4 mAChRs, evidence of biased agonism at these receptors, and highlights pathways that may be important for developing new subtype selective allosteric ligands to achieve therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma T. van der Westhuizen
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - K. H. Christopher Choy
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Celine Valant
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon McKenzie-Nickson
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sophie J. Bradley
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew B. Tobin
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick M. Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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8
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Tahmasby M, Darehkordi A, Mohammadi M, Nejadkhorasani F. Pyrido triazin-nucleus synthesis and theoretical studies: 2,3,6-trioxo-8-aryl-1,3,4,6-tetrahydro-]2H[pyrido]1,2-b] [1,2,4[triazin-7,9-dicarbonitryl derivatives. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Hatzipantelis C, Langiu M, Vandekolk TH, Pierce TL, Nithianantharajah J, Stewart GD, Langmead CJ. Translation-Focused Approaches to GPCR Drug Discovery for Cognitive Impairments Associated with Schizophrenia. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:1042-1062. [PMID: 33344888 PMCID: PMC7737210 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
There are no effective therapeutics for cognitive impairments associated with schizophrenia (CIAS), which includes deficits in executive functions (working memory and cognitive flexibility) and episodic memory. Compounds that have entered clinical trials are inadequate in terms of efficacy and/or tolerability, highlighting a clear translational bottleneck and a need for a cohesive preclinical drug development strategy. In this review we propose hippocampal-prefrontal-cortical (HPC-PFC) circuitry underlying CIAS-relevant cognitive processes across mammalian species as a target source to guide the translation-focused discovery and development of novel, procognitive agents. We highlight several G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) enriched within HPC-PFC circuitry as therapeutic targets of interest, including noncanonical approaches (biased agonism and allosteric modulation) to conventional clinical targets, such as dopamine and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, along with prospective novel targets, including the orphan receptors GPR52 and GPR139. We also describe the translational limitations of popular preclinical cognition tests and suggest touchscreen-based assays that probe cognitive functions reliant on HPC-PFC circuitry and reflect tests used in the clinic, as tests of greater translational relevance. Combining pharmacological and behavioral testing strategies based in HPC-PFC circuit function creates a cohesive, translation-focused approach to preclinical drug development that may improve the translational bottleneck currently hindering the development of treatments for CIAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra
J. Hatzipantelis
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Monica Langiu
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Teresa H. Vandekolk
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Tracie L. Pierce
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jess Nithianantharajah
- Florey
Institute of Neuroscience
and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Gregory D. Stewart
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Langmead
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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10
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Patel M, Cianci C, Allard CW, Parker DD, Simmermacher J, Jenkins S, Mcauliffe B, Minassian B, Discotto L, Krystal M, Meanwell NA, Naidu BN. Design, synthesis and SAR study of novel C2-pyrazolopyrimidine amides and amide isosteres as allosteric integrase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127516. [PMID: 32860982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis and structure-activity relationships associated with a series of C2-substituted pyrazolopyrimidines as potent allosteric inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase (ALLINIs) are described. Structural modifications to these molecules were made in order to examine the effect on potency and, for select compounds, pharmacokinetic properties. We examined a variety of C2-substituted pyrazolopyrimidines and found that the C2-amide derivatives demonstrated the most potent antiviral activity of this class against HIV-1 infection in cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Patel
- Departments of Discovery Chemistry and Molecular Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA; ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Parkway, Branford, CT 06405, USA.
| | - Christopher Cianci
- Virology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Christopher W Allard
- Departments of Discovery Chemistry and Molecular Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Dawn D Parker
- Departments of Discovery Chemistry and Molecular Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA; ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Parkway, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Jean Simmermacher
- Departments of Discovery Chemistry and Molecular Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA; ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Parkway, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Susan Jenkins
- Departments of Discovery Chemistry and Molecular Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA; ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Parkway, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Brian Mcauliffe
- Virology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA; ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Parkway, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Beatrice Minassian
- Virology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Linda Discotto
- Virology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Mark Krystal
- Virology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA; ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Parkway, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- Departments of Discovery Chemistry and Molecular Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - B Narasimhulu Naidu
- Departments of Discovery Chemistry and Molecular Technologies, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA; ViiV Healthcare, 36 East Industrial Parkway, Branford, CT 06405, USA
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11
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Moran SP, Xiang Z, Doyle CA, Maksymetz J, Lv X, Faltin S, Fisher NM, Niswender CM, Rook JM, Lindsley CW, Conn PJ. Biased M 1 receptor-positive allosteric modulators reveal role of phospholipase D in M 1-dependent rodent cortical plasticity. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/610/eaax2057. [PMID: 31796631 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aax2057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Highly selective, positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the M1 subtype of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor have emerged as an exciting new approach to potentially improve cognitive function in patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. Discovery programs have produced a structurally diverse range of M1 receptor PAMs with distinct pharmacological properties, including different extents of agonist activity and differences in signal bias. This includes biased M1 receptor PAMs that can potentiate coupling of the receptor to activation of phospholipase C (PLC) but not phospholipase D (PLD). However, little is known about the role of PLD in M1 receptor signaling in native systems, and it is not clear whether biased M1 PAMs display differences in modulating M1-mediated responses in native tissue. Using PLD inhibitors and PLD knockout mice, we showed that PLD was necessary for the induction of M1-dependent long-term depression (LTD) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Furthermore, biased M1 PAMs that did not couple to PLD not only failed to potentiate orthosteric agonist-induced LTD but also blocked M1-dependent LTD in the PFC. In contrast, biased and nonbiased M1 PAMs acted similarly in potentiating M1-dependent electrophysiological responses that were PLD independent. These findings demonstrate that PLD plays a critical role in the ability of M1 PAMs to modulate certain central nervous system (CNS) functions and that biased M1 PAMs function differently in brain regions implicated in cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Moran
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Zixiu Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Catherine A Doyle
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - James Maksymetz
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Xiaohui Lv
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sehr Faltin
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nicole M Fisher
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Jerri M Rook
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
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12
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Engers JL, Bender AM, Kalbfleisch JJ, Cho HP, Lingenfelter KS, Luscombe VB, Han C, Melancon BJ, Blobaum AL, Dickerson JW, Rook JM, Niswender CM, Emmitte KA, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW. Discovery of Tricyclic Triazolo- and Imidazopyridine Lactams as M 1 Positive Allosteric Modulators. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:1035-1042. [PMID: 30086237 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This Letter describes the chemical optimization of a new series of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype 1 (M1) positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) based on novel tricyclic triazolo- and imidazopyridine lactam cores, devoid of M1 agonism, e.g., no M1 ago-PAM activity, in high expressing recombinant cell lines. While all the new tricyclic congeners afforded excellent rat pharmacokinetic (PK) properties (CLp < 8 mL/min/kg and t1/2 > 5 h), regioisomeric triazolopyridine analogues were uniformly not CNS penetrant ( Kp < 0.05), despite a lack of hydrogen bond donors. However, removal of a single nitrogen atom to afford imidazopyridine derivatives proved to retain the excellent rat PK and provide high CNS penetration ( Kp > 2), despite inclusion of a basic nitrogen. Moreover, 24c was devoid of M1 agonism in high expressing recombinant cell lines and did not induce cholinergic seizures in vivo in mice. Interestingly, all of the new M1 PAMs across the diverse tricyclic heterocyclic cores possessed equivalent CNS MPO scores (>4.5), highlighting the value of both "medicinal chemist's eye" and experimental data, e.g., not sole reliance (or decision bias) on in silico calculated properties, for parameters as complex as CNS penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie L. Engers
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Aaron M. Bender
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Jacob J. Kalbfleisch
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Hyekyung P. Cho
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Kaelyn S. Lingenfelter
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Vincent B. Luscombe
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Changho Han
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Bruce J. Melancon
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery & Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Anna L. Blobaum
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Jonathan W. Dickerson
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Jerri M. Rook
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Colleen M. Niswender
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Kyle A. Emmitte
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - P. Jeffrey Conn
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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13
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Trujillo C, Flood A, Sánchez-Sanz G, Twamley B, Rozas I. Planarity or Nonplanarity: Modulating Guanidine Derivatives as α2-Adrenoceptors Ligands. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:2479-2486. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Trujillo
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Aoife Flood
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Goar Sánchez-Sanz
- Irish Centre
of
High-End Computing, Grand Canal Quay, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Isabel Rozas
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
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14
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Coughlin Q, Hopper AT, Blanco MJ, Tirunagaru V, Robichaud AJ, Doller D. Allosteric Modalities for Membrane-Bound Receptors: Insights from Drug Hunting for Brain Diseases. J Med Chem 2019; 62:5979-6002. [PMID: 30721063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal chemists are accountable for embedding the appropriate drug target profile into the molecular architecture of a clinical candidate. An accurate characterization of the functional effects following binding of a drug to its biological target is a fundamental step in the discovery of new medicines, informing the translation of preclinical efficacy and safety observations into human trials. Membrane-bound proteins, particularly ion channels and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), are biological targets prone to allosteric modulation. Investigations using allosteric drug candidates and chemical tools suggest that their functional effects may be tailored with a high degree of translational alignment, making them molecular tools to correct pathophysiological functional tone and enable personalized medicine when a causative target-to-disease link is known. We present select examples of functional molecular fine-tuning of allosterism and discuss consequences relevant to drug design.
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15
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Wold EA, Chen J, Cunningham KA, Zhou J. Allosteric Modulation of Class A GPCRs: Targets, Agents, and Emerging Concepts. J Med Chem 2019; 62:88-127. [PMID: 30106578 PMCID: PMC6556150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been tractable drug targets for decades with over one-third of currently marketed drugs targeting GPCRs. Of these, the class A GPCR superfamily is highly represented, and continued drug discovery for this family of receptors may provide novel therapeutics for a vast range of diseases. GPCR allosteric modulation is an innovative targeting approach that broadens the available small molecule toolbox and is proving to be a viable drug discovery strategy, as evidenced by recent FDA approvals and clinical trials. Numerous class A GPCR allosteric modulators have been discovered recently, and emerging trends such as the availability of GPCR crystal structures, diverse functional assays, and structure-based computational approaches are improving optimization and development. This Perspective provides an update on allosterically targeted class A GPCRs and their disease indications and the medicinal chemistry approaches toward novel allosteric modulators and highlights emerging trends and opportunities in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. Wold
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chemical Biology Program, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Jianping Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chemical Biology Program, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Kathryn A. Cunningham
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chemical Biology Program, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chemical Biology Program, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
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16
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Masumian E, Nowroozi A. Comparative study of resonance-inhibited hydrogen bonded (RIHB) systems with different atoms involved: the leading role of σ-planarity. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1557350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Masumian
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Alireza Nowroozi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
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17
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Wen H, Cao W, Liu Y, Wang L, Chen P, Tang Y. Metal-Free [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Ynamide-Nitriles with Ynamides: A Highly Regio- and Chemoselective Synthesis of δ-Carboline Derivatives. J Org Chem 2018; 83:13308-13324. [PMID: 30353730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free formal [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of functionalized ynamide-nitriles with ynamides is disclosed which offers highly efficient access to polysubstituted δ-carboline derivatives under the mediation of TfOH. This strategy is highly regioselective and chemoselective and displays mild conditions, high yields, and efficiency (within 1 min) in addition to substrates scopes (56 examples).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Yushan Road , Qingdao , 266003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Yushan Road , Qingdao , 266003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Yushan Road , Qingdao , 266003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao 266109 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Yushan Road , Qingdao , 266003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Yushan Road , Qingdao , 266003 , People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , People's Republic of China
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18
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Rook JM, Bertron JL, Cho HP, Garcia-Barrantes PM, Moran SP, Maksymetz JT, Nance KD, Dickerson JW, Remke DH, Chang S, Harp JM, Blobaum AL, Niswender CM, Jones CK, Stauffer SR, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW. A Novel M 1 PAM VU0486846 Exerts Efficacy in Cognition Models without Displaying Agonist Activity or Cholinergic Toxicity. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:2274-2285. [PMID: 29701957 PMCID: PMC6146057 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective activation of the M1 subtype of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, via positive allosteric modulation (PAM), is an exciting strategy to improve cognition in schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease patients. However, highly potent M1 ago-PAMs, such as MK-7622, PF-06764427, and PF-06827443, can engender excessive activation of M1, leading to agonist actions in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) that impair cognitive function, induce behavioral convulsions, and result in other classic cholinergic adverse events (AEs). Here, we report a fundamentally new and highly selective M1 PAM, VU0486846. VU0486846 possesses only weak agonist activity in M1-expressing cell lines with high receptor reserve and is devoid of agonist actions in the PFC, unlike previously reported ago-PAMs MK-7622, PF-06764427, and PF-06827443. Moreover, VU0486846 shows no interaction with antagonist binding at the orthosteric acetylcholine (ACh) site (e.g., neither bitopic nor displaying negative cooperativity with [3H]-NMS binding at the orthosteric site), no seizure liability at high brain exposures, and no cholinergic AEs. However, as opposed to ago-PAMs, VU0486846 produces robust efficacy in the novel object recognition model of cognitive function. Importantly, we show for the first time that an M1 PAM can reverse the cognitive deficits induced by atypical antipsychotics, such as risperidone. These findings further strengthen the argument that compounds with modest in vitro M1 PAM activity (EC50 > 100 nM) and pure-PAM activity in native tissues display robust procognitive efficacy without AEs mediated by excessive activation of M1. Overall, the combination of compound assessment with recombinant in vitro assays (mindful of receptor reserve), native tissue systems (PFC), and phenotypic screens (behavioral convulsions) is essential to fully understand and evaluate lead compounds and enhance success in clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerri M. Rook
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
| | - Jeanette L. Bertron
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
| | - Hyekyung P. Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
| | - Pedro M. Garcia-Barrantes
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
| | - Sean P. Moran
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
| | - James T. Maksymetz
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
| | - Kellie D. Nance
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
| | - Jonathan W. Dickerson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
| | - Daniel H. Remke
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
| | - Sichen Chang
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
| | - Joel M. Harp
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
| | - Anna L. Blobaum
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
| | - Colleen M. Niswender
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
| | - Carrie K. Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
| | - Shaun R. Stauffer
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
| | - P. Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
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19
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Engers JL, Childress ES, Long MF, Capstick RA, Luscombe VB, Cho HP, Dickerson JW, Rook JM, Blobaum AL, Niswender CM, Engers DW, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW. VU6007477, a Novel M 1 PAM Based on a Pyrrolo[2,3- b]pyridine Carboxamide Core Devoid of Cholinergic Adverse Events. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:917-922. [PMID: 30258541 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the chemical optimization of a new series of M1 positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) based on a novel pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine core, developed via scaffold hopping and iterative parallel synthesis. The vast majority of analogs in this series proved to display robust cholinergic seizure activity. However, by removal of the secondary hydroxyl group, VU6007477 resulted with good rat M1 PAM potency (EC50 = 230 nM, 93% ACh max), minimal M1 agonist activity (agonist EC50 > 10 μM), good CNS penetration (rat brain/plasma K p = 0.28, K p,uu = 0.32; mouse K p = 0.16, K p,uu = 0.18), and no cholinergic adverse events (AEs, e.g., seizures). This work demonstrates that within a chemical series prone to robust M1 ago-PAM activity, SAR can result, which affords pure M1 PAMs, devoid of cholinergic toxicity/seizure liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie L. Engers
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, ‡Department of Pharmacology, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Biochemistry, and ⊥Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Elizabeth S. Childress
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, ‡Department of Pharmacology, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Biochemistry, and ⊥Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Madeline F. Long
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, ‡Department of Pharmacology, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Biochemistry, and ⊥Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Rory A. Capstick
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, ‡Department of Pharmacology, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Biochemistry, and ⊥Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Vincent B. Luscombe
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, ‡Department of Pharmacology, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Biochemistry, and ⊥Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Hekyung P. Cho
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, ‡Department of Pharmacology, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Biochemistry, and ⊥Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Jonathan W. Dickerson
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, ‡Department of Pharmacology, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Biochemistry, and ⊥Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Jerri M. Rook
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, ‡Department of Pharmacology, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Biochemistry, and ⊥Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Anna L. Blobaum
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, ‡Department of Pharmacology, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Biochemistry, and ⊥Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Colleen M. Niswender
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, ‡Department of Pharmacology, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Biochemistry, and ⊥Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Darren W. Engers
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, ‡Department of Pharmacology, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Biochemistry, and ⊥Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - P. Jeffrey Conn
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, ‡Department of Pharmacology, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Biochemistry, and ⊥Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, ‡Department of Pharmacology, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Biochemistry, and ⊥Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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20
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M 1-positive allosteric modulators lacking agonist activity provide the optimal profile for enhancing cognition. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:1763-1771. [PMID: 29581537 PMCID: PMC6006294 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0033-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Highly selective positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the M1 subtype of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor have emerged as an exciting new approach for improving cognitive function in patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. However, excessive activation of M1 is known to induce seizure activity and have actions in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) that could impair cognitive function. We now report a series of pharmacological, electrophysiological, and behavioral studies in which we find that recently reported M1 PAMs, PF-06764427 and MK-7622, have robust agonist activity in cell lines and agonist effects in the mouse PFC, and have the potential to overactivate the M1 receptor and disrupt PFC function. In contrast, structurally distinct M1 PAMs (VU0453595 and VU0550164) are devoid of agonist activity in cell lines and maintain activity dependence of M1 activation in the PFC. Consistent with the previously reported effect of PF-06764427, the ago-PAM MK-7622 induces severe behavioral convulsions in mice. In contrast, VU0453595 does not induce behavioral convulsions at doses well above those required for maximal efficacy in enhancing cognitive function. Furthermore, in contrast to the robust efficacy of VU0453595, the ago-PAM MK-7622 failed to improve novel object recognition, a rodent assay of cognitive function. These findings suggest that in vivo cognition-enhancing efficacy of M1 PAMs can be observed with PAMs lacking intrinsic agonist activity and that intrinsic agonist activity of M1 PAMs may contribute to adverse effects and reduced efficacy in improving cognitive function.
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21
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Bertron JL, Cho HP, Garcia-Barrantes PM, Panarese JD, Salovich JM, Nance KD, Engers DW, Rook JM, Blobaum AL, Niswender CM, Stauffer SR, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW. The discovery of VU0486846: steep SAR from a series of M 1 PAMs based on a novel benzomorpholine core. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2175-2179. [PMID: 29754948 PMCID: PMC6427922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This letter describes the chemical optimization of a new series of M1 positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) based on a novel benzomorpholine core, developed via iterative parallel synthesis, and culminating in the highly utilized rodent in vivo tool compound, VU0486846 (7), devoid of adverse effect liability. This is the first report of the optimization campaign (SAR and DMPK profiling) that led to the discovery of VU0486846 and details all of the challenges faced in allosteric modulator programs (both steep and flat SAR, as well as subtle structural changes affecting CNS penetration and overall physiochemical and DMPK properties).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette L Bertron
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hyekyung P Cho
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Pedro M Garcia-Barrantes
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Joseph D Panarese
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - James M Salovich
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kellie D Nance
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Darren W Engers
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jerri M Rook
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Anna L Blobaum
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Shaun R Stauffer
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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22
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Brodney MA, Sharma R, Lazzaro JT, Walker GS, Scott Obach R. Harnessing biosynthesis and quantitative NMR for late stage functionalization of lead molecules: Application to the M1 positive allosteric modulator (PAM) program. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2068-2073. [PMID: 29716781 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A facile method for late stage diversification of lead molecules for the M1 PAM program using biosynthesis is described. Liver microsomes from several species are screened to identify a high turnover system. Subsequent incubations using less than 1 mg of substrate generate nanomole quantities of drug metabolites that are purified, characterized by microcryoprobe NMR spectroscopy, and quantified to known concentrations to enable rapid biology testing. The late-stage diversification of lead compounds provides rapid SAR feedback to the medicinal chemistry design cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Brodney
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
| | - Raman Sharma
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - John T Lazzaro
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - Gregory S Walker
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - R Scott Obach
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, United States
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23
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Dallagnol JCC, Khajehali E, van der Westhuizen ET, Jörg M, Valant C, Gonçalves AG, Capuano B, Christopoulos A, Scammells PJ. Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Heterocyclic Carboxamides: Positive Allosteric Modulators of the M1 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor with Weak Agonist Activity and Diverse Modulatory Profiles. J Med Chem 2018; 61:2875-2894. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana C. C. Dallagnol
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Parana, Avenida Prefeito Lothario Meissner 632, Jardim Botanico, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Elham Khajehali
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Emma T. van der Westhuizen
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Manuela Jörg
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Celine Valant
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Alan G. Gonçalves
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Parana, Avenida Prefeito Lothario Meissner 632, Jardim Botanico, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Ben Capuano
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Peter J. Scammells
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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24
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Abstract
AbstractAn approach to the synthesis of 7-methyl-4-azaindole, which is a valuable building block for drug discovery programs, is described. The method relies on using a bromine atom as a ‘place holding group’ for one of the carbon atoms of the pyridine ring throughout the reaction sequence, and it is removed only upon the final reductive cyclization leading to the azaindole ring. Exhaustive hydrogenation of the target product proceeds in a diastereoselective manner and leads to a bicyclic conformationally restricted diamine derivative.
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25
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Davoren JE, Garnsey M, Pettersen B, Brodney MA, Edgerton JR, Fortin JP, Grimwood S, Harris AR, Jenkinson S, Kenakin T, Lazzaro JT, Lee CW, Lotarski SM, Nottebaum L, O’Neil SV, Popiolek M, Ramsey S, Steyn SJ, Thorn CA, Zhang L, Webb D. Design and Synthesis of γ- and δ-Lactam M1 Positive Allosteric Modulators (PAMs): Convulsion and Cholinergic Toxicity of an M1-Selective PAM with Weak Agonist Activity. J Med Chem 2017; 60:6649-6663. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephen Jenkinson
- Drug Safety
Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
| | - Terry Kenakin
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | | | | | | | - Lisa Nottebaum
- Drug Safety
Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
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26
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Rook JM, Abe M, Cho HP, Nance KD, Luscombe VB, Adams JJ, Dickerson JW, Remke DH, Garcia-Barrantes PM, Engers DW, Engers JL, Chang S, Foster JJ, Blobaum AL, Niswender CM, Jones CK, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW. Diverse Effects on M 1 Signaling and Adverse Effect Liability within a Series of M 1 Ago-PAMs. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:866-883. [PMID: 28001356 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Both historical clinical and recent preclinical data suggest that the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor is an exciting target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and the cognitive and negative symptom clusters in schizophrenia; however, early drug discovery efforts targeting the orthosteric binding site have failed to afford selective M1 activation. Efforts then shifted to focus on selective activation of M1 via either allosteric agonists or positive allosteric modulators (PAMs). While M1 PAMs have robust efficacy in rodent models, some chemotypes can induce cholinergic adverse effects (AEs) that could limit their clinical utility. Here, we report studies aimed at understanding the subtle structural and pharmacological nuances that differentiate efficacy from adverse effect liability within an indole-based series of M1 ago-PAMs. Our data demonstrate that closely related M1 PAMs can display striking differences in their in vivo activities, especially their propensities to induce adverse effects. We report the discovery of a novel PAM in this series that is devoid of observable adverse effect liability. Interestingly, the molecular pharmacology profile of this novel PAM is similar to that of a representative M1 PAM that induces severe AEs. For instance, both compounds are potent ago-PAMs that demonstrate significant interaction with the orthosteric site (either bitopic or negative cooperativity). However, there are subtle differences in efficacies of the compounds at potentiating M1 responses, agonist potencies, and abilities to induce receptor internalization. While these differences may contribute to the differential in vivo profiles of these compounds, the in vitro differences are relatively subtle and highlight the complexities of allosteric modulators and the need to focus on in vivo phenotypic screening to identify safe and effective M1 PAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerri M. Rook
- Department
of Pharmacology, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience
Drug Discovery, ∥Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
| | - Masahito Abe
- Department
of Pharmacology, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience
Drug Discovery, ∥Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
| | - Hyekyung P. Cho
- Department
of Pharmacology, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience
Drug Discovery, ∥Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
| | - Kellie D. Nance
- Department
of Pharmacology, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience
Drug Discovery, ∥Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
| | - Vincent B. Luscombe
- Department
of Pharmacology, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience
Drug Discovery, ∥Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
| | - Jeffrey J. Adams
- Department
of Pharmacology, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience
Drug Discovery, ∥Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
| | - Jonathan W. Dickerson
- Department
of Pharmacology, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience
Drug Discovery, ∥Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
| | - Daniel H. Remke
- Department
of Pharmacology, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience
Drug Discovery, ∥Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
| | - Pedro M. Garcia-Barrantes
- Department
of Pharmacology, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience
Drug Discovery, ∥Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
| | - Darren W. Engers
- Department
of Pharmacology, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience
Drug Discovery, ∥Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
| | - Julie L. Engers
- Department
of Pharmacology, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience
Drug Discovery, ∥Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
| | - Sichen Chang
- Department
of Pharmacology, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience
Drug Discovery, ∥Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
| | - Jarrett J. Foster
- Department
of Pharmacology, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience
Drug Discovery, ∥Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
| | - Anna L. Blobaum
- Department
of Pharmacology, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience
Drug Discovery, ∥Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
| | - Colleen M. Niswender
- Department
of Pharmacology, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience
Drug Discovery, ∥Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
| | - Carrie K. Jones
- Department
of Pharmacology, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience
Drug Discovery, ∥Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
| | - P. Jeffrey Conn
- Department
of Pharmacology, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience
Drug Discovery, ∥Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Department
of Pharmacology, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience
Drug Discovery, ∥Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
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27
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Johnstone S, Albert JS. Pharmacological property optimization for allosteric ligands: A medicinal chemistry perspective. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:2239-2258. [PMID: 28408223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
New strategies to potentially improve drug safety and efficacy emerge with allosteric programs. Biased allosteric modulators can be designed with high subtype selectivity and defined receptor signaling endpoints, however, selecting the most meaningful parameters for optimization can be perplexing. Historically, "potency hunting" at the expense of physicochemical and pharmacokinetic optimization has led to numerous tool compounds with excellent pharmacological properties but no path to drug development. Conversely, extensive physicochemical and pharmacokinetic screening with only post hoc bias and allosteric characterization has led to inefficacious compounds or compounds with on-target toxicities. This field is rapidly evolving with new mechanistic understanding, changes in terminology, and novel opportunities. The intent of this digest is to summarize current understanding and debates within the field. We aim to discuss, from a medicinal chemistry perspective, the parameter choices available to drive SAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Johnstone
- Department of Chemistry, IntelliSyn Pharma, 7171 Frederick-Banting, Montreal, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada.
| | - Jeffrey S Albert
- Department of Chemistry, IntelliSyn Pharma, 7171 Frederick-Banting, Montreal, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada; Department of Chemistry, AviSyn Pharma, 4275 Executive Square, Suite 200, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States.
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28
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Giordanetto F, Tyrchan C, Ulander J. Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond Expectations in Medicinal Chemistry. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:139-142. [PMID: 28197301 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Design strategies centered on intramolecular hydrogen bonds are sometime used in drug discovery, but their general applicability has not been addressed beyond scattered examples or circumstantial evidence. A total of 1053 matched molecular pairs where only one of the two molecules is able to form an intramolecular hydrogen bond via monatomic transformations have been identified across the ChEMBL database. These pairs were used to investigate the effect of intramolecular hydrogen bonds on biological activity. While cases of extreme, conflicting variation of effect emerge, the mean biological activity difference for a pair is close to zero and does not exceed ±0.5 log biological activity for over 50% of the analyzed sample.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Tyrchan
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Respiratory and Inflammation, Innovative Medicines and
Early Development Biotech Unit, Astrazeneca, Mölndal, Pepparedsleden
1, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Johan Ulander
- Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech
Unit, Astrazeneca, Mölndal, Pepparedsleden 1, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
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29
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Popiolek M, Nguyen DP, Reinhart V, Edgerton JR, Harms J, Lotarski SM, Steyn SJ, Davoren JE, Grimwood S. Inositol Phosphate Accumulation in Vivo Provides a Measure of Muscarinic M 1 Receptor Activation. Biochemistry 2016; 55:7073-7085. [PMID: 27958713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The rationale for using M1 selective muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activators for the treatment of cognitive impairment associated with psychiatric and neurodegenerative disease is well-established in the literature. Here, we investigate measurement of inositol phosphate accumulation, an end point immediately downstream of the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor signaling cascade, as an in vivo biochemical readout for M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activation. Five brain penetrant M1-subtype selective activators from three structurally distinct chemical series were pharmacologically profiled for functional activity in vitro using recombinant cell calcium mobilization and inositol phosphate assays, and a native tissue hippocampal slice electrophysiology assay, to show that all five compounds presented a positive allosteric modulator agonist profile, within a narrow range of potencies. In vivo characterization using an amphetamine-stimulated locomotor activity behavioral assay and the inositol phosphate accumulation biochemical assay demonstrated that the latter has utility for assessing functional potency of M1 activators. Efficacy measured by inositol phosphate accumulation in mouse striatum compared favorably to efficacy in reversing amphetamine-induced locomotor activity, suggesting that the inositol phosphate accumulation assay has utility for the evaluation of M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activators in vivo. The benefits of this in vivo biochemical approach include a wide response window, interrogation of specific brain circuit activation, an ability to model responses in the context of brain exposure, an ability to rank order compounds based on in vivo efficacy, and minimization of animal use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Popiolek
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and §Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David P Nguyen
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and §Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Veronica Reinhart
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and §Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeremy R Edgerton
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and §Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John Harms
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and §Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Susan M Lotarski
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and §Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stefanus J Steyn
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and §Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jennifer E Davoren
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and §Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sarah Grimwood
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and §Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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30
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Smith DL, Davoren JE, Edgerton JR, Lazzaro JT, Lee CW, Neal S, Zhang L, Grimwood S. Characterization of a Novel M1 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulator Radioligand, [3H]PT-1284. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 90:177-87. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.104737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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31
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Davoren JE, Lee CW, Garnsey M, Brodney MA, Cordes J, Dlugolenski K, Edgerton JR, Harris AR, Helal CJ, Jenkinson S, Kauffman GW, Kenakin TP, Lazzaro JT, Lotarski SM, Mao Y, Nason DM, Northcott C, Nottebaum L, O’Neil SV, Pettersen B, Popiolek M, Reinhart V, Salomon-Ferrer R, Steyn SJ, Webb D, Zhang L, Grimwood S. Discovery of the Potent and Selective M1 PAM-Agonist N-[(3R,4S)-3-Hydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl]-5-methyl-4-[4-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl)benzyl]pyridine-2-carboxamide (PF-06767832): Evaluation of Efficacy and Cholinergic Side Effects. J Med Chem 2016; 59:6313-28. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephen Jenkinson
- Drug
Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
| | | | - Terrence P. Kenakin
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lisa Nottebaum
- Drug
Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
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