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Novak M, Vajrychova M, Koutsilieri S, Sismanoglou DC, Kobrlova T, Prchal L, Svobodova B, Korabecny J, Zarybnicky T, Raisova-Stuchlikova L, Skalova L, Lauschke VM, Kučera R, Soukup O. Tacrine First-Phase Biotransformation and Associated Hepatotoxicity: A Possible Way to Avoid Quinone Methide Formation. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:1993-2002. [PMID: 37622522 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Tacrine was withdrawn from clinical use as a drug against Alzheimer's disease in 2013, mainly due to drug-induced liver injury. The culprit of tacrine-associated hepatotoxicity is believed to be the 7-OH-tacrine metabolite, a possible precursor of quinone methide (Qmeth), which binds to intracellular -SH proteins. In our study, several different animal and human models (liver microsomes, primary hepatocytes, and liver slices) were used to investigate the biotransformation and hepatotoxicity of tacrine and its 7-substituted analogues (7-methoxy-, 7-phenoxy-, and 7-OH-tacrine). Our goal was to find the most appropriate in vitro model for studying tacrine hepatotoxicity and, through rational structure modifications, to develop derivatives of tacrine that are less prone to Qmeth formation. Our results show that none of animal models tested accurately mimic human tacrine biotransformation; however, the murine model seems to be more suitable than the rat model. Tacrine metabolism was overall most accurately mimicked in three-dimensional (3D) spheroid cultures of primary human hepatocytes (PHHs). In this system, tacrine and 7-methoxytacrine were hydroxylated to 7-OH-tacrine, whereas 7-phenoxytacrine formed, as expected, only trace amounts. Surprisingly, however, our study showed that 7-OH-tacrine was the least hepatotoxic (7-OH-tacrine < tacrine < 7-methoxytacrine < 7-phenoxytacrine) even after doses had been adjusted to achieve the same intracellular concentrations. The formation of Qmeth-cysteine and Qmeth-glutathione adducts after human liver microsome incubation was confirmed by all of the studied tacrine derivatives, but these findings were not confirmed after incubation with 3D PHH spheroids. Therefore, the presented data call into question the suggested previously hypothesized mechanism of toxicity, and the results open new avenues for chemical modifications to improve the safety of novel tacrine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Novak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Vajrychova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Stefania Koutsilieri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Tereza Kobrlova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Prchal
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Svobodova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Zarybnicky
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Raisova-Stuchlikova
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Skalova
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Radim Kučera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Novak M, Svobodova B, Konecny J, Kuratkova A, Nevosadova L, Prchal L, Korabecny J, Lauschke VM, Soukup O, Kučera R. UHPLC-Orbitrap study of the first phase tacrine in vitro metabolites and related Alzheimer's drug candidates using human liver microsomes. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 224:115154. [PMID: 36442458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Tacrine was the first drug used in the therapy of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is one of the leading structures frequently pursued in the drug discovery of novel candidates for tackling AD. However, because tacrine has been withdrawn from the market due to its hepatotoxicity, ascribed to specific metabolites, concerns are high about the toxicity profile of newly developed compounds related to tacrine. From the point of view of drug safety, the formation of metabolites must be uncovered and analyzed. Bearing in mind that the main culprit of tacrine hepatotoxicity is its biotransformation to hydroxylated metabolites, human liver microsomes were used as a biotransformation model. Our study aims to clarify phase I metabolites of three potentially non-toxic tacrine derivatives (7-methoxytacrine, 6-chlorotacrine, 7-phenoxytacrine) and to semi-quantitatively determine the relative amount of individual metabolites as potential culprits of tacrine-based hepatotoxicity. For this purpose, a new selective UHPLC-Orbitrap method has been developed. Applying UHPLC-Orbitrap method, two as yet unpublished tacrine and 7-methoxytacrine monohydroxylated metabolites have been found and completely characterized, and the separation of ten dihydroxylated tacrine and 7-methoxytacrine metabolites was achieved for the first time. Moreover, the structures of several new metabolites of 7-phenoxytacrine and 6-chlorotacrine have been identified. In addition, the relative amount of these newly observed metabolites was determined. Based on the results and known facts about the toxicity of tacrine metabolites published so far, it appears that 7-phenoxytacrine and 6-chlorotacrine could be substantially less hepatotoxic compared to tacrine, and could potentially pave the way for metabolically safe molecules applicable in AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Novak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - B Svobodova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Trebesska 1575, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - J Konecny
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Trebesska 1575, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - A Kuratkova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - L Nevosadova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - L Prchal
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - J Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Trebesska 1575, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - V M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany; University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - O Soukup
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - R Kučera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Yang M, Zhang X, Qiao O, Ji H, Zhang Y, Han X, Wang W, Li X, Wang J, Guo L, Huang L, Gao W. Rosmarinic acid potentiates and detoxifies tacrine in combination for Alzheimer's disease. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154600. [PMID: 36610144 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no doubt that Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the greatest threats facing mankind today. Within the next few decades, Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) will be the most widely used treatment for Alzheimer's disease. The withdrawal of the first generation AChEIs drug Tacrine (TAC)/ Cognex from the market as a result of hepatotoxicity has always been an interesting case study. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural compound of phenolic acids that has pharmacological activity for inhibiting Alzheimer's disease, as well as liver protection. PURPOSE AND STUDY DESIGN In this study, we determined that RA can reduce the hepatotoxicity of TAC, and both of them act synergistically to inhibit the progression of AD in mice. METHODS In addition to the wild type mice (WT) group, the 6-month-old APP/PS1 (APPswe/PSEN1dE9) double-transgenic (Tg) mice were randomly divided into 6 groups: Tg group, TAC group, RA group, TAC+Silymarin (SIL) group, TAC+RA-L (Rosmarinic Acid Low Dose) goup and TAC+RA-H (Rosmarinic Acid High Dose) group. A series of experiments were carried out, including open field test, Morris water maze test, Hematoxylin - Eosin (HE) staining, Nissl staining, biochemical analysis, immunofluorescence analysis, western blotting analysis and so on. RESULTS RA combined with TAC could enter the brain tissue of AD mice, and the combination of drugs could better improve the cognitive behavior and brain pathological damage of AD mice, reduce the expression of A β oligomer, inhibit the deposition of A β, inhibit the activity of AChE and enhance the level of Ach in hippocampus. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that RA could alleviate the hepatotoxicity or liver injury induced by TAC. The Western blot analysis of the liver of AD mice showed that RA combined with TAC might inhibit the apoptosis of Bcl-2/Bax, reduce the programmed apoptosis mediated by caspase-3 and reduce the burden of liver induced by TAC, could inhibit the development of liver apoptosis by alleviating the hepatotoxicity of TAC and inhibiting the phosphorylation of JNK. CONCLUSION The potential drug combination that combines rosmarinic acid with tacrine could reduce tacrine's hepatotoxicity as well as enhance its therapeutic effect on Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjuan Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Ou Qiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Haixia Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Xiaoying Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Wenzhe Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Xia Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Juan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Lanping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Djafarou S, Amine Khodja I, Boulebd H. Computational design of new tacrine analogs: an in silico prediction of their cholinesterase inhibitory, antioxidant, and hepatotoxic activities. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:91-105. [PMID: 34825629 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2004232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Tacrine, the first drug approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), is a non-competitive cholinesterase inhibitor withdrawn due to its acute hepatotoxicity. However, new non-hepatotoxic forms of tacrine have been actively researched. Moreover, several recent reports have shown that oxidative stress is the cause of damage and plays a role in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases including AD. The aim of the present study is the design of new easily synthesized tacrine analogs with less hepatotoxicity and potent antioxidant activity. In this context, a library of 34 novel tacrine analogs bearing an antioxidant fragment was designed and evaluated for its hepatotoxicity as well as anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities using computational methods. As a result, six new tacrine analogs have been proposed as potential inhibitors of cholinesterase with antioxidant activity and low or no hepatotoxicity. Furthermore, ADME calculations suggest that these compounds are promising oral drug candidates. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selsabil Djafarou
- Laboratory of Synthesis of Molecules with Biological Interest, University of Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Imene Amine Khodja
- Laboratory of Synthesis of Molecules with Biological Interest, University of Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Houssem Boulebd
- Laboratory of Synthesis of Molecules with Biological Interest, University of Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
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5
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Synthesis and evaluation of new 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamides as potent inhibitors against acetylcholinesterase enzyme. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02922-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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6
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Babu A, Joy MN, Sunil K, Sajith AM, Santra S, Zyryanov GV, Konovalova OA, Butorin II, Muniraju K. Towards novel tacrine analogues: Pd(dppf)Cl 2·CH 2Cl 2 catalyzed improved synthesis, in silico docking and hepatotoxicity studies. RSC Adv 2022; 12:22476-22491. [PMID: 36105950 PMCID: PMC9366599 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03225b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A plethora of 6-(hetero)aryl C–C and C–N bonded tacrine analogues has been made accessible by employing palladium mediated (Suzuki–Miyaura, Heck, Sonogashira, Stille and Buchwald) cross-coupling reactions, starting from either halogenated or borylated residues. The successful use of Pd(dppf)Cl2·CH2Cl2 as a common catalytic system in realizing all these otherwise challenging transformations is the highlight of our optimized protocols. The analogues thus synthesized allow the available chemical space around the C-6 of this biologically relevant tacrine core to be explored. The in silico docking studies of the synthesized compounds were carried out against the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme. The hepatotoxicity studies of these compounds were done against complexes of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 proteins with known inhibitors like 7,8-benzoflavone and ketoconazole, respectively. 24 synthesized compounds by various cross-coupling reactions on 6-bromo tacrine. Molecular docking and toxicity prediction studies were also performed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravinda Babu
- Department of Chemistry, SSIT, Sri Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education, Tumkur, Karnataka, India-572107
| | - Muthipeedika Nibin Joy
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, Yekaterinburg, Russia-620002
| | - K. Sunil
- Department of Chemistry, SSIT, Sri Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education, Tumkur, Karnataka, India-572107
| | | | - Sougata Santra
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, Yekaterinburg, Russia-620002
| | - Grigory V. Zyryanov
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, Yekaterinburg, Russia-620002
- I. Ya. Postovskiy Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskoy Street, Yekaterinburg, Russia-620219
| | - Olga A. Konovalova
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, Yekaterinburg, Russia-620002
| | - Ilya I. Butorin
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, Yekaterinburg, Russia-620002
| | - Keesaram Muniraju
- Government Degree College-Puttur (Affiliated to S. V. University, Tirupati), Narayanavanam Road, Puttur, Chittoor (Dt), Andhra Pradesh, India-517583
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7
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Deguchi S, Shintani T, Harada K, Okamoto T, Takemura A, Hirata K, Ito K, Takayama K, Mizuguchi H. In Vitro Model for a Drug Assessment of Cytochrome P450 Family 3 Subfamily A Member 4 Substrates Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Genome Editing Technology. Hepatol Commun 2021; 5:1385-1399. [PMID: 34430783 PMCID: PMC8369939 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In drug development, a system for predicting drug metabolism and drug-induced toxicity is necessary to ensure drug safety. Cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 (CYP3A4) is an important drug-metabolizing enzyme expressed in the liver and small intestine, and predicting CYP3A4-mediated drug metabolism and drug-induced toxicity is essential. We previously developed procedures to differentiate human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) or intestinal epithelial-like cells (IECs) with a fetal phenotype as well as a highly efficient genome editing technology that could enhance the homologous recombination efficiency at any locus, including CYP3A4. By using human iPS cells and our genome editing technology, we generated CYP3A4-knockout (KO) iPS cell-derived HLCs and IECs for the evaluation of CYP3A4-mediated drug metabolism and drug-induced toxicity. CYP3A4 deficiency did not affect pluripotency and hepatic and intestinal differentiation capacities, and CYP3A4 activity was entirely eradicated by CYP3A4 KO. Off-target effects (e.g., inhibition of bile acid excretion) were hardly observed in CYP3A4-KO cells but were observed in CYP3A4 inhibitor-treated (e.g., ketoconazole) cells. To evaluate whether drug-induced hepatotoxicity and enterotoxicity could be predicted using our model, we exposed CYP3A4-KO HLCs and IECs to acetaminophen, amiodarone, desipramine, leflunomide, tacrine, and tolcapone and confirmed that these cells could predict CYP3A4-mediated toxicity. Finally, we examined whether the therapeutic effects of an anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) drug metabolized by CYP3A4 would be predicted using our model. CYP3A4-KO HLCs were treated with asunaprevir (antiviral drug metabolized by CYP3A4) after HCV infection, and the anti-viral effect was indeed strengthened by CYP3A4 KO. Conclusion: We succeeded in generating a novel evaluation system for prediction of CYP3A4-mediated drug metabolism and drug-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Deguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Tomohiro Shintani
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Kazuo Harada
- Laboratory of Applied Environmental BiologyGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Toru Okamoto
- Institute for Advanced Co-creation Studies, Research Institute for Microbial DiseasesOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Akinori Takemura
- Laboratory of BiopharmaceuticsGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Kazumasa Hirata
- Laboratory of Applied Environmental BiologyGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Kousei Ito
- Laboratory of BiopharmaceuticsGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan.,Center for Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Research and ApplicationKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan.,Laboratory of Hepatocyte RegulationNational Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and NutritionOsakaJapan.,Global Center for Medical Engineering and InformaticsOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division of the Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research InitiativesOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
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Rastegari A, Safavi M, Vafadarnejad F, Najafi Z, Hariri R, Bukhari SNA, Iraji A, Edraki N, Firuzi O, Saeedi M, Mahdavi M, Akbarzadeh T. Synthesis and evaluation of novel arylisoxazoles linked to tacrine moiety: in vitro and in vivo biological activities against Alzheimer's disease. Mol Divers 2021; 26:409-428. [PMID: 34273065 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10248-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is now ranked as the third leading cause of death after heart disease and cancer. There is no definite cure for AD due to the multi-factorial nature of the disease, hence, multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) have attracted lots of attention. In this work, focusing on the efficient cholinesterase inhibitory activity of tacrine, design and synthesis of novel arylisoxazole-tacrine analogues was developed. In vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition assay confirmed high potency of the title compounds. Among them, compounds 7l and 7b demonstrated high activity toward AChE and BChE with IC50 values of 0.050 and 0.039 μM, respectively. Both compounds showed very good self-induced Aβ aggregation and AChE-induced inhibitory activity (79.4 and 71.4% for compound 7l and 61.8 and 58.6% for compound 7b, respectively). Also, 7l showed good anti-BACE1 activity with IC50 value of 1.65 µM. The metal chelation test indicated the ability of compounds 7l and 7b to chelate biometals (Zn2+, Cu2+, and Fe2+). However, they showed no significant neuroprotectivity against Aβ-induced damage in PC12 cells. Evaluation of in vitro hepatotoxicity revealed comparable toxicity of compounds 7l and 7b with tacrine. In vivo studies by Morris water maze (MWM) task demonstrated that compound 7l significantly reversed scopolamine-induced memory deficit in rats. Finally, molecular docking studies of compounds 7l and 7b confirmed establishment of desired interactions with the AChE, BChE, and BACE1 active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Rastegari
- Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Safavi
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Vafadarnejad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Najafi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Roshanak Hariri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Aljouf, 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aida Iraji
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Central Research laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Najmeh Edraki
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Omidreza Firuzi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mina Saeedi
- Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Akbarzadeh
- Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Mozaffarnia S, Teimuri-Mofrad R, Rashidi MR. Synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyano-4H-pyran derivatives using GO-Fc@Fe3O4 nanohybrid as a novel recyclable heterogeneous nanocatalyst and preparation of tacrine-naphthopyran hybrids as AChE inhibitors. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-020-02125-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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Rehman S, Shah S, Mehmood Butt A, Masood Shah S, Jabeen Z, Nadeem A. Biochemical Profiling and Elucidation of Biological Activities of Beta vulgaris L. Leaves and Roots Extracts. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:592-602. [PMID: 33424345 PMCID: PMC7785445 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
RESEARCH BACKGROUND Red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is commercially grown in Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) regions while cultivated as vegetable in Baluchistan and Sindh regions of Pakistan. It is well known for its health-promoting role in several clinical and pathologic outcome due to abundance of betalains and other bioactive compounds. The purpose of study was to interpret bioactivity of of B. vulgaris leaves (BvLM) and roots (BvRM) extracts for finding natural cure of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH BvLM and BvRM extracts were evaluated for phytochemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticholinesterase potential using standard protocols with modifications. RESULTS Phytochemicals analysis of BvLM and BvRM extracts depicted the presence of flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, saponins and glycosides. The IC50 values for free radical scavenging activity for BvRM and BvLM showed that BvLM (DPPH: 2.20 ± 0.72 μg/mL,H 2 O 2 : 0.0519 ± 1.02 μg/mL) is more significant as compared to BvRM (DPPH: 2.312 ± 0.72 μg/mL,H 2 O 2 : 2.668 ± 0.49 μg/mL). BvLM showed significant protection against heat induced hemolysis of HRBCs and protein denaturation (2.322 ± 0.1 > 2.324 ± 0.06 μg/mL) as compared to BvRM (8.572 ± 0.2 > 50.18 ± 1.0 μg/mL). Both extracts found to exhibit strong inhibitory potential against acetylcholinesterase enzyme. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Our study highlighted B. vulagris extracts as rich and nutritious source of antioxidants, anti-inflammatory and cholinesterase inhibitors that could be helpful in preventing and treating neurodegenerative disorders (NDs). In consideration of multifactorial and complex etiology of NDs, BvLM and BvRM extracts would be apt candidates for development of therapeutic strategy for management of multiple cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Rehman
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Shifa Shah
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Azeem Mehmood Butt
- Translational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Masood Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Zahra Jabeen
- Plant Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Nadeem
- Department of Anaesthesia, KRL Hospital, Sector G-9/1, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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11
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Kanhed AM, Patel DV, Patel NR, Sinha A, Thakor PS, Patel KB, Prajapati NK, Patel KV, Yadav MR. Indoloquinoxaline derivatives as promising multi-functional anti-Alzheimer agents. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:2498-2515. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1840441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish M. Kanhed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel - School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKMs NMIMS University, Mumbai, India
| | - Dushyant V. Patel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Nirav R. Patel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Anshuman Sinha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Priyanka S. Thakor
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Kishan B. Patel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Navnit K. Prajapati
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Kirti V. Patel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Mange Ram Yadav
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
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Nepovimova E, Korabecny J, Hepnarova V, Jun D, Dolezal R, Muckova L, Jost P, Soukup O, Janockova J, Pham NL, Nguyen TD, Valis M, Kuca K. N-alkylated Tacrine Derivatives as Potential Agents in Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 16:333-343. [PMID: 30873921 DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666190314163942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on the prevalence studies, the number of people suffering from dementia will almost double every 20 years, to 65.7 million in 2030 and 115.4 million in 2050, assuming no changes in mortality, effective preventative measures, definitive diagnostic guidelines or curative treatment. From the abovementioned epidemiological data, it is obvious that dementia constitutes a major public health problem not only at present, but unfortunately also in the future. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS Several N-alkylated tacrine (THA) derivatives have already been synthesized by Pomponi et al., in 1997. However, these compounds were tested for their anti-AChE activity using enzyme isolated from Electrophorus electricus. For this reason, we have decided to extend the previously reported series of THA derivatives and consequently test them in the battery of experiments, the results of which have served to more relevant evaluation of these compounds from the perspective of Alzeimer´s disease compared to that published by Pomponi. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION In summary, all compounds of interest effectively inhibited ChEs in vitro. One of the most promising derivatives 8 bearing an N-octyl chain showed 2.5-fold higher AChE inhibitory activity in relation to tacrine. With respect to blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, it can be claimed that synthesized analogues are presumably able to cross the BBB. From the point of view of hepatotoxicity, selected Nalkylated tacrine derivatives exerted worse results compared to tacrine. However, in vitro results are only illustrative, therefore, only in vivo experiments could determine the real value of selected N-alkylated THA derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Department of Intensive Medicine and Forensic Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Center; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Hepnarova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jun
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Center; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rafael Dolezal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Center; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lubica Muckova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Jost
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Center; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Center; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Janockova
- Biomedical Research Center; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ngoc Lam Pham
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Thuy Duong Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Valis
- Biomedical Research Center; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Simkova 870/13, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Center; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Cacabelos R. Pharmacogenetic considerations when prescribing cholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:673-701. [PMID: 32520597 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1779700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cholinergic dysfunction, demonstrated in the late 1970s and early 1980s, led to the introduction of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) in 1993 (Tacrine) to enhance cholinergic neurotransmission as the first line of treatment against Alzheimer's disease (AD). The new generation of AChEIs, represented by Donepezil (1996), Galantamine (2001) and Rivastigmine (2002), is the only treatment for AD to date, together with Memantine (2003). AChEIs are not devoid of side-effects and their cost-effectiveness is limited. An option to optimize the correct use of AChEIs is the implementation of pharmacogenetics (PGx) in the clinical practice. AREAS COVERED (i) The cholinergic system in AD, (ii) principles of AD PGx, (iii) PGx of Donepezil, Galantamine, Rivastigmine, Huperzine and other treatments, and (iv) practical recommendations. EXPERT OPINION The most relevant genes influencing AChEI efficacy and safety are APOE and CYPs. APOE-4 carriers are the worst responders to AChEIs. With the exception of Rivastigmine (UGT2B7, BCHE-K), the other AChEIs are primarily metabolized via CYP2D6, CYP3A4, and UGT enzymes, with involvement of ABC transporters and cholinergic genes (CHAT, ACHE, BCHE, SLC5A7, SLC18A3, CHRNA7) in most ethnic groups. Defective variants may affect the clinical response to AChEIs. PGx geno-phenotyping is highly recommended prior to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Cacabelos
- Department of Genomic Medicine, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine , Bergondo, Corunna, Spain
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14
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Roldán-Peña JM, Romero-Real V, Hicke J, Maya I, Franconetti A, Lagunes I, Padrón JM, Petralla S, Poeta E, Naldi M, Bartolini M, Monti B, Bolognesi ML, López Ó, Fernández-Bolaños JG. Tacrine-O-protected phenolics heterodimers as multitarget-directed ligands against Alzheimer's disease: Selective subnanomolar BuChE inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 181:111550. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Scheiner M, Dolles D, Gunesch S, Hoffmann M, Nabissi M, Marinelli O, Naldi M, Bartolini M, Petralla S, Poeta E, Monti B, Falkeis C, Vieth M, Hübner H, Gmeiner P, Maitra R, Maurice T, Decker M. Dual-Acting Cholinesterase-Human Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Ligands Show Pronounced Neuroprotection in Vitro and Overadditive and Disease-Modifying Neuroprotective Effects in Vivo. J Med Chem 2019; 62:9078-9102. [PMID: 31609608 PMCID: PMC7640639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We have designed and synthesized a series of 14 hybrid molecules out of the cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor tacrine and a benzimidazole-based human cannabinoid receptor subtype 2 (hCB2R) agonist and investigated them in vitro and in vivo. The compounds are potent ChE inhibitors, and for the most promising hybrids, the mechanism of human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) inhibition as well as their ability to interfere with AChE-induced aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ), and Aβ self-aggregation was assessed. All hybrids were evaluated for affinity and selectivity for hCB1R and hCB2R. To ensure that the hybrids retained their agonist character, the expression of cAMP-regulated genes was quantified, and potency and efficacy were determined. Additionally, the effects of the hybrids on microglia activation and neuroprotection on HT-22 cells were investigated. The most promising in vitro hybrids showed pronounced neuroprotection in an Alzheimer's mouse model at low dosage (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.), lacking hepatotoxicity even at high dose (3 mg/kg, i.p.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Scheiner
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Dolles
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Gunesch
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Hoffmann
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Massimo Nabissi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Oliviero Marinelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Marina Naldi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Bartolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabrina Petralla
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Eleonora Poeta
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Monti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Christina Falkeis
- Pathology, Clinical Center Bayreuth, Preuschwitzer Straße 101, 95445 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Pathology, Clinical Center Bayreuth, Preuschwitzer Straße 101, 95445 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Harald Hübner
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rangan Maitra
- Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Tangui Maurice
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EPHE, UMR-S1198, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Wang H, Wang W, Gong B, Wang Z, Feng Y, Zhang W, Wang S, Peng Y, Zheng J. Glutathione Conjugation and Protein Adduction Derived from Oxidative Debromination of Benzbromarone in Mice. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 47:1281-1290. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.087460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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17
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Synthesis and AChE Inhibitory Activity of Novel Thiazolylhydrazone Derivatives. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132392. [PMID: 31261693 PMCID: PMC6651548 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common of the degenerative brain diseases and is described together with the impairment of cognitive function. Patients with AD lose the capability to code new memories, and life conditions are extremely difficult. The development of new drugs in this area continues at a great pace. A novel series of thiazole-piperazine hybrids, aimed against Alzheimer’s disease (AD), have been synthesized. The structure identification of synthesized compounds was elucidated by 1HNMR, 13C-NMR, and LCMSMS spectroscopic methods. The inhibitory potential of the synthesized compounds on cholinesterase enzymes was investigated. The compounds 3a, 3c and 3i showed significant inhibitory activity on the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme. On the other hand, none of the compounds showed significant inhibitory activity on the butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzyme. In addition to enzyme inhibition studies, enzyme kinetic studies were performed to observe the effects of the most active inhibitor compounds on the substrate–enzyme relationship. In addition to in vitro tests, docking studies also indicated that compound 3c potentially acts as a dual binding site AChE inhibitor.
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Design, synthesis, cholinesterase inhibition and molecular modelling study of novel tacrine hybrids with carbohydrate derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:5566-5577. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Więckowska A, Wichur T, Godyń J, Bucki A, Marcinkowska M, Siwek A, Więckowski K, Zaręba P, Knez D, Głuch-Lutwin M, Kazek G, Latacz G, Mika K, Kołaczkowski M, Korabecny J, Soukup O, Benkova M, Kieć-Kononowicz K, Gobec S, Malawska B. Novel Multitarget-Directed Ligands Aiming at Symptoms and Causes of Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:1195-1214. [PMID: 29384656 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major public health problem, which is due to its increasing prevalence and lack of effective therapy or diagnostics. The complexity of the AD pathomechanism requires complex treatment, e.g. multifunctional ligands targeting both the causes and symptoms of the disease. Here, we present new multitarget-directed ligands combining pharmacophore fragments that provide a blockade of serotonin 5-HT6 receptors, acetyl/butyrylcholinesterase inhibition, and amyloid β antiaggregation activity. Compound 12 has displayed balanced activity as an antagonist of 5-HT6 receptors ( Ki = 18 nM) and noncompetitive inhibitor of cholinesterases (IC50 hAChE = 14 nM, IC50 eqBuChE = 22 nM). In further in vitro studies, compound 12 has shown amyloid β antiaggregation activity (IC50 = 1.27 μM) and ability to permeate through the blood-brain barrier. The presented findings may provide an excellent starting point for further studies and facilitate efforts to develop new effective anti-AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Damijan Knez
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jan Korabecny
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Benkova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | | | - Stanislav Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Ovais M, Ayaz M, Khalil AT, Shah SA, Jan MS, Raza A, Shahid M, Shinwari ZK. HPLC-DAD finger printing, antioxidant, cholinesterase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory potentials of a novel plant Olax nana. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:1. [PMID: 29295712 PMCID: PMC5751879 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-2057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The medicinal importance of a novel plant Olax nana Wall. ex Benth. (family: Olacaceae) was revealed for the first time via HPLC-DAD finger printing, qualitative phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, cholinesterase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory assays. METHODS The crude methanolic extract of O. nana (ON-Cr) was subjected to qualitative phytochemical analysis and HPLC-DAD finger printing. The antioxidant potential of ON-Cr was assessed via 1,1-diphenyl,2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azinobis[3-ethylbenzthiazoline]-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) free radical scavenging assays. Furthermore, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) & butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities were performed using Ellman's assay, while α- glucosidase inhibitory assay was carried out using a standard protocol. RESULTS The qualitative phytochemical analysis of ON-Cr revealed the presence of secondary metabolites like alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, sterols, saponins and terpenoids. The HPLC-DAD finger printing revealed the presence of 40 potential compounds in ON-Cr. Considerable anti-radical activities was revealed by ON-Cr in the DPPH, ABTS and H2O2 free radical scavenging assays with IC50 values of 71.46, 72.55 and 92.33 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, ON-Cr showed potent AChE and BChE inhibitory potentials as indicated by their IC50 values of 33.2 and 55.36 μg/mL, respectively. In the α-glucosidase inhibition assay, ON-Cr exhibited moderate inhibitory propensity with an IC50 value of 639.89 μg/mL. CONCLUSIONS This study investigated Olax nana for the first time for detailed qualitative phytochemical tests, HPLC-DAD finger printing analysis, antioxidant, anticholinesterase and α-glucosidase inhibition assays. The antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibitory results were considerable and can provide scientific basis for further studies on the neuroprotective and anti-Alzheimer's potentials of this plant. ON-Cr may further be subjected to fractionation and polarity guided fractionation to narrow down the search for isolation of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ovais
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 44000 Pakistan
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Chakdara, 18000 Pakistan
| | - Ali Talha Khalil
- Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Qarshi University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sayed Afzal Shah
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 44000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saeed Jan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Chakdara, 18000 Pakistan
| | - Abida Raza
- National Institute for Lasers and Optronics (NILOP), Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, Islamabad, 44000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Zabta Khan Shinwari
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 44000 Pakistan
- Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, 44000 Pakistan
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Öztaskın N, Taslimi P, Maraş A, Gülcin İ, Göksu S. Novel antioxidant bromophenols with acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and carbonic anhydrase inhibitory actions. Bioorg Chem 2017; 74:104-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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