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Amin S, Ly M, Misener K, Brown N, Libben M. Validation of the translated Negative Physical Self Scale in a sample of Asian women living in Canada. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301184. [PMID: 38696442 PMCID: PMC11065207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Body dissatisfaction is often linked to the internalization of Western beauty standards. Existing measures of body dissatisfaction, developed in Western societies, may fail to capture complex variations across ethnicities and cultures. The Negative Physical Self Scale (NPSS) assesses cognitive, affective, perceptual, and behavioural facets of body dissatisfaction. While unique in its consideration of Chinese ideals of body image, the NPSS has recently been translated and validated in a North American sample. The English-translated version of the NPSS has the potential to be an appropriate body dissatisfaction assessment tool for Asian women living in North America. The current study aims to validate the NPSS in an Asian female population living in Canada. METHODS A sample of 899 undergraduate women residing in Canada with self-identified Asian ethnicity completed an online survey consisting of the NPSS and other measures of body dissatisfaction. RESULTS An initial confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the four-factor structure of the NPSS, previously suggested in a primarily non-Asian North American sample, was a poor fit for the data. A second-order multidimensional model, based on a model proposed during the original development of the NPSS in a Chinese sample, indicated good fit once items were removed due to loadings < .60. High internal consistency between subscales and strong convergent validity with other measures were demonstrated. Notably, the NPSS Body Concern subscale demonstrated high convergence with other popular measures of body dissatisfaction and has the potential for use as a brief measure of body dissatisfaction among North American Asian females in clinical and research settings. CONCLUSIONS The NPSS provides a valid assessment of body dissatisfaction among a sample of Asian women living in Canada, a specific subpopulation that has not been previously investigated. The findings highlight the importance of developing culturally sensitive measures of body dissatisfaction for differing ethnic and cultural groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrazad Amin
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - May Ly
- Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Kaylee Misener
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Natalie Brown
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Maya Libben
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
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2
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Goh PH, Luginbuehl T, Swami V. Associations Between Negative Body Image and Sexual Health Practices in Emerging Adults from Malaysia. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2024; 53:1473-1486. [PMID: 38321341 PMCID: PMC10954872 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-024-02810-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Past findings on the association between negative body image and sexual health behaviors have been mixed and mostly derived from Western samples. The aim of the current study was to examine associations between indices of negative body image and sexual health practices that reduce the risk of disease transmission in emerging adults, and whether these associations are moderated by gender. Using an online survey, a convenience sample of 584 Malaysian adults aged 18-30 years (230 men, 354 women) completed measures of satisfaction with overall appearance, body size dissatisfaction, weight satisfaction, height satisfaction, and genital image evaluation. They also reported if they ever had partnered sex, condomless sex, and been screened for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), as well as their lifetime number of penetrative sex partners. Hierarchical logistic and ordinal regression analyses indicated that more positive genital image evaluation, but not the other body image indices, was significantly associated with having had partnered sex and fewer lifetime penetrative sex partners. None of the body image indices were significantly associated with condomless sex. All associations were consistent across men and women. For HIV testing, a significant interaction between genital image evaluation and gender emerged. However, this was reduced to non-significance after controlling for the number of penetrative sex partners. Overall, our findings underline the importance of promoting improved genital image in interventions aimed at increasing positive sexual health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Hwa Goh
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Tamara Luginbuehl
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Viren Swami
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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3
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Kakar V, Fardouly J, Rapee RM, Guo M, Arman S, Niazi E. Exploring the tripartite influence model of body image and disordered eating among adolescent girls living in Australia, China, India, and Iran. Body Image 2023; 47:101633. [PMID: 37806065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.101633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the tripartite influence model of body image and disordered eating among 12-18-year-old girls (N = 900) living in Australia (n = 184), China (n = 293), India (n = 223), and Iran (n = 200). Participants completed measures about appearance pressures from family, peers, and media, thin-ideal internalization, appearance comparisons, appearance satisfaction, and disordered eating. Results indicated that media- pressures were most salient in Australia, whereas Iranians perceived family pressures to be the strongest. Indians felt the most pressure to look attractive from their family and peers, whereas Chinese felt similar levels of pressure from family, peers, and media. Path analyses suggested direct associations from one or more sociocultural factors to appearance satisfaction or disordered eating, with indirect paths via thin-ideal internalization and appearance comparisons emerging in all countries. Certain sociocultural factors contributed more strongly to the internalization of ideals and appearance comparisons within some countries. Multigroup path analyses demonstrated some cross-cultural variations in the strength of the pathways. Findings extend cross-cultural support for a modified tripartite influence model emphasizing culture-based specificities that can further guide preventative efforts to improve body image and eating attitudes among young girls in these four countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vani Kakar
- Centre for Emotional Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia.
| | - Jasmine Fardouly
- Centre for Emotional Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia; School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Ronald M Rapee
- Centre for Emotional Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Mingchun Guo
- School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China
| | - Soroor Arman
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, The Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Elham Niazi
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, The Islamic Republic of Iran
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House T, Wong HK, Samuel NW, Stephen ID, Brooks KR, Bould H, Attwood AS, Penton-Voak IS. The relationship between body dissatisfaction and attentional bias to thin bodies in Malaysian Chinese and White Australian women: a dot probe study. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230674. [PMID: 37736527 PMCID: PMC10509588 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Studies suggest that an attentional bias to thin bodies is common among those with high levels of body dissatisfaction, which is a risk factor for, and symptom of, various eating disorders. However, these studies have predominantly been conducted in Western countries with body stimuli involving images of White people. In a preregistered study, we recruited 150 Malaysian Chinese women and 150 White Australian women for a study using standardized images of East Asian and White Australian bodies. To measure attentional bias to thin bodies, participants completed a dot probe task which presented images of women who self-identified their ethnicity as East Asian or as White Australian. Contrary to previous findings, we found no evidence for an association between body dissatisfaction and attentional bias to thin bodies. This lack of association was not affected by participant ethnicity (Malaysian Chinese versus White Australian) or ethnic congruency between participants and body stimuli (own-ethnicity versus other-ethnicity). However, the internal consistency of the dot probe task was poor. These results suggest that either the relationship between body dissatisfaction and attentional bias to thin bodies is not robust, or the dot probe task may not be a reliable measure of attentional bias to body size.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. House
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Australia
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, UK
| | - H. K. Wong
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - N. W. Samuel
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - I. D. Stephen
- NTU Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - K. R. Brooks
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Australia
- Perception in Action Research Centre (PARC), Macquarie University, Australia
- Lifespan Health and Wellbeing Research Centre, Macquarie University, Australia
| | - H. Bould
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
- Gloucestershire Health and Care NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, UK
| | - A. S. Attwood
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, UK
| | - I. S. Penton-Voak
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, UK
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Body image as a global mental health concern. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2023; 10:e9. [PMID: 36861019 PMCID: PMC9970735 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2023.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Body image concerns related to weight or other dimensions of appearance are now prevalent on a global scale. This paper reviews the theoretical frameworks that account for the global similarities and regional differences in rates and presentation of body image concerns, as well as reviewing the extant data. Given the harmful consequences of body image concerns in terms of mental and physical health, their global burden is high. Interventions to mitigate these concerns at the individual and systemic level are warranted.
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Hao M, Fang Y, Yan W, Gu J, Hao Y, Wu C. Relationship between body dissatisfaction, insufficient physical activity, and disordered eating behaviors among university students in southern China. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2054. [DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14515-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
With an increasing incidence of obesity, the relationship between obesity and body image has become a hot research topic worldwide. From high school to university, young people experience changes in their social environment. University students have a high incidence of eating disorders and insufficient physical activity. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between body dissatisfaction, insufficient physical activity, and disordered eating behaviors among university students in southern China.
Methods
In total, 1296 university students aged 18–23 years were recruited for this study. The participants completed anthropometric measurements, the Physical Activity Rating scale-3 (PARS-3), and the Chinese-Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (C-DEBQ). The ideal weight and silhouette were reported by university students using a questionnaire.
Results
Compared with men, young women had a higher level of body dissatisfaction. For men, body mass index (BMI; β = 0.76, P < 0.01), physical activity score (β = − 0.11, P < 0.01), and restrained eating score (β = 0.10, P < 0.01) were the significant factors predictive of body dissatisfaction. For women, BMI (β = 0.57, P < 0.01), muscle mass (β = 0.12, P < 0.01), physical activity score (β = − 0.11, P < 0.01), and restrained eating score (β = 0.09, P < 0.01) were the significant factors predictive of body dissatisfaction.
Conclusions
University students with high body dissatisfaction had lower physical activity scores and higher restrained eating scores. The data presented here highlight the impact of university students’ body dissatisfaction on physical activity deficiency and disordered eating behaviors in China.
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Garbett KM, Haywood S, Craddock N, Gentili C, Nasution K, Saraswati LA, Medise BE, White P, Diedrichs PC, Williamson H. Evaluating the Efficacy of a Social Media-Based Intervention (Warna-Warni Waktu) to Improve Body Image Among Young Indonesian Women: Parallel Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint). J Med Internet Res 2022; 25:e42499. [PMID: 37010911 PMCID: PMC10131926 DOI: 10.2196/42499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body dissatisfaction is a global issue, particularly among adolescent girls and young women. Effective body image interventions exist but face barriers to scaling up, particularly in lower- and middle-income countries, such as Indonesia, where a need exists. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the acceptability and efficacy of Warna-Warni Waktu, a social media-based, fictional 6-episode video series with self-guided web-based activities for improving body image among young Indonesian adolescent girls and young women. We hypothesized that Warna-Warni Waktu would increase trait body satisfaction and mood and decrease internalization of appearance ideals and skin shade dissatisfaction relative to the waitlist control condition. We also anticipated improvements in state body satisfaction and mood immediately following each video. METHODS We conducted a web-based, 2-arm randomized controlled trial among 2000 adolescent girls and young women, aged 15 to 19 years, recruited via telephone by an Indonesian research agency. Block randomization (1:1 allocation) was performed. Participants and researchers were not concealed from the randomized arm. Participants completed self-report assessments of trait body satisfaction (primary outcome) and the internalization of appearance ideals, mood, and skin shade dissatisfaction at baseline (before randomization), time 2 (1 day after the intervention [T2]), and time 3 (1 month after the intervention [T3]). Participants also completed state body satisfaction and mood measures immediately before and after each video. Data were evaluated using linear mixed models with an intent-to-treat analysis. Intervention adherence was tracked. Acceptability data were collected. RESULTS There were 1847 participants. Relative to the control condition (n=923), the intervention group (n=924) showed reduced internalization of appearance ideals at T2 (F1,1758=40.56, P<.001, partial η2=0.022) and T3 (F1,1782=54.03, P<.001, partial η2=0.03) and reduced skin shade dissatisfaction at T2 (F1,1744=8.05, P=.005, partial η2=0.005). Trait body satisfaction improvements occurred in the intervention group at T3 (F1, 1781=9.02, P=.005, partial η2=0.005), which was completely mediated by the internalization change scores between baseline and T2 (indirect effect: β=.03, 95% CI 0.017-0.041; direct effect: β=.03, P=.13), consistent with the Tripartite Influence Model of body dissatisfaction. Trait mood showed no significant effects. Dependent sample t tests (2-tailed) found each video improved state body satisfaction and mood. Cumulative analyses found significant and progressive improvements in pre- and poststate body satisfaction and mood. Intervention adherence was good; participants watched an average of 5.2 (SD 1.66) videos. Acceptability scores were high for understandability, enjoyment, age appropriateness, usefulness, and likelihood to recommend. CONCLUSIONS Warna-Warni Waktu is an effective eHealth intervention to reduce body dissatisfaction among Indonesian adolescent girls and young women. Although the effects were small, Warna-Warni Waktu is a scalable, cost-effective alternative to more intense interventions. Initially, dissemination through paid social media advertising will reach thousands of young Indonesian women. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05383807, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05383807 ; ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN35483207, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN35483207. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/33596.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty M Garbett
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Haywood
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nadia Craddock
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Caterina Gentili
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - L Ayu Saraswati
- Department of Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | | | - Paul White
- Faculty of Environment and Technology, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Phillippa C Diedrichs
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Heidi Williamson
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Frederick DA, Reynolds TA, Barrera CA, Murray SB. Demographic and sociocultural predictors of face image satisfaction: The U.S. Body Project I. Body Image 2022; 41:1-16. [PMID: 35228101 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite substantial literature surrounding how people process and perceive faces, there is very little research investigating how people evaluate their own faces. We examined how gender, body mass, race, age, and sexual orientation were linked to people's satisfaction with the appearance of their eyes, nose, facial shape, and face overall among 11,620 adults recruited via Mechanical Turk. Most people mostly or definitely agreed they were happy with their facial appearance. There were notable racial differences, with Asian participants tending to report greater dissatisfaction. For example, only 66% of Asian women and 60% of Asian men mostly or definitely agreed that they were happy with the appearance of their eyes, which was lower than other racial groups. BMI and age were not strongly associated with face satisfaction. Sexual minority men were less satisfied than heterosexual men. About one in four gay and bisexual men, compared to only one in seven heterosexual men, reported dissatisfaction with their overall facial appearance. Men and women with poorer face image engaged in more appearance surveillance, more strongly internalized the thin-ideal, and perceived stronger sociocultural pressures from peers, parents, and media. The current study highlights important sociocultural and demographic factors tied to poorer face image.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Frederick
- Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA.
| | - Tania A Reynolds
- Psychology Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA; The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Carlos A Barrera
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stuart B Murray
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Jalali-Farahani S, Zayeri F, Zarani F, Azizi F, Amiri P. Network Associations Among Body Image, Lifestyle, Body Mass Index, and Quality of Life in Adolescents. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2022; 20:e123237. [PMID: 35993035 PMCID: PMC9375937 DOI: 10.5812/ijem-123237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body image is known as an important factor affecting different aspects of adolescents' health; however, its relationship with lifestyle, body mass index (BMI), and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Iranian adolescents has not been addressed in a conceptual model. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the network associations among body image, lifestyle, BMI, and HRQoL in adolescent boys and girls. METHODS The present study examined 760 adolescents (15 - 18 years) from Tehran. Adolescents reported their weight and height, according to which the participants' BMIs were calculated. The adolescents' body image, lifestyle, and HRQoL were assessed using a set of questionnaires, including the Body Image Scale for Youth (BISY), Modifiable Activity Questionnaire (MAQ), Eating Habits Checklist, Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQLTM). RESULTS The participants' mean age and BMI were 16.5 ± 1.0 years and 22.4 ± 4.6 kg/m2, respectively. More than one-third of boys (39.9%) and less than a quarter of girls (22.6%) were overweight/obese. In the final model, body image was significantly and directly associated with physical activity, disordered eating, eating habits, and HRQoL in both genders (P < 0.05). Moreover, body image was directly correlated with screen time in boys (P = 0.012) and BMI in girls (P = 0.001). Body image was indirectly correlated with BMI by the mediating role of disordered eating in girls. Moreover, body image was indirectly associated with HRQoL by the mediating role of physical activity and eating habits in both genders and screen time only in boys. CONCLUSIONS The network associations among body image, lifestyle, BMI, and HRQoL revealed a gender-specific pattern among the study population. Body image was a significant determinant of lifestyle and HRQoL in both genders and excessive weight in girls. The present findings would contribute to designing and implementing relevant health promotion interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jalali-Farahani
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Zayeri
- Proteomics Research Center and Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Zarani
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parisa Amiri
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Garbett KM, Craddock N, Haywood S, Nasution K, White P, Saraswati LA, Medise BE, Diedrichs PC, Williamson H. A Novel, Scalable Social Media-Based Intervention ("Warna-Warni Waktu") to Reduce Body Dissatisfaction Among Young Indonesian Women: Protocol for a Parallel Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e33596. [PMID: 35089154 PMCID: PMC8838567 DOI: 10.2196/33596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the prevalence of body dissatisfaction among young Indonesian women and its consequential negative impacts, there are currently no evidence-based, culturally appropriate interventions to tackle this issue. Therefore, there is a need to develop scalable, cost-effective, and accessible interventions to improve body image among this population. Objective This paper describes the study protocol of a parallel randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of Warna-Warni Waktu, a social media–based intervention that aims to reduce state and trait body dissatisfaction and improve mood among young Indonesian women aged 15-19 years. Methods The trial will take place online. Approximately 1800 young women from 10 cities in Indonesia, evenly split across the ages of 15-19 years, will be recruited via a local research agency’s established research panel. Participants will be randomly allocated to the intervention condition or a waitlist control condition. The intervention consists of six 5-minute videos, with each video supplemented with up to five brief interactive activities. The videos (and associated activities) will be delivered at a rate of one per day across 6 days. All participants will complete three self-report assessments: at baseline (Day 1), 1 day following the intervention (Day 9), and 1 month following the intervention (Day 36). The primary outcome will be change in trait body dissatisfaction. Secondary outcomes include change in internalization of appearance ideals, trait mood, and skin shade satisfaction. Intervention effectiveness on these outcomes will be analyzed using linear mixed models by a statistician blinded to the randomized condition. Intervention participants will also complete state measures of body satisfaction and mood before and after watching each video to assess the immediate impact of each video. This secondary analysis of state measures will be conducted at the within-group level. Results Recruitment began in October 2021, with baseline assessments underway shortly thereafter. The results of the study will be submitted for publication in 2022. Conclusions This is the first study to evaluate an eHealth intervention aimed at reducing body dissatisfaction among young Indonesian women. If effective, the intervention will be disseminated to over half a million young women in Indonesia via Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05023213; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05023213 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/33596
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty May Garbett
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nadia Craddock
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Haywood
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paul White
- Applied Statistics Group, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - L Ayu Saraswati
- Department of Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies, University of Hawaii, Manoa, HI, United States
| | | | | | | | - Phillippa C Diedrichs
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Heidi Williamson
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
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11
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Frederick DA, Reynolds TA. The Value of Integrating Evolutionary and Sociocultural Perspectives on Body Image. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 51:57-66. [PMID: 33751287 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-01947-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David A Frederick
- Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, CA, 92866, USA.
| | - Tania A Reynolds
- Psychology Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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12
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Craddock N, Garbett KM, Haywood S, Nasution K, White P, Saraswati LA, Rizkiah C, Medise BE, Diedrichs PC. 'Dove Confident Me Indonesia: Single Session': study protocol for a randomised controlled trial to evaluate a school-based body image intervention among Indonesian adolescents. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2102. [PMID: 34784916 PMCID: PMC8593637 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11770-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the prevalence and associated adverse health consequences of negative body image among adolescents globally, there is a need to develop acceptable, effective, and scalable interventions. School-based body image interventions delivered by trained teachers show promise in reducing negative body image in adolescents. However, there is currently a lack of evidenced-based body image interventions for use in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This paper outlines a protocol for the development and evaluation of Dove Confident Me Indonesia: Single Session, a single-session, teacher-led body image intervention for Indonesian adolescents. Method The effectiveness of the intervention will be evaluated using a cluster randomised controlled trial design. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the trial will be conducted online. Trained teachers or school guidance counsellors will deliver the intervention. Self-report questionnaires will be collected at three time points: baseline, post-intervention, and two-month follow-up. The primary outcome is body esteem. Secondary outcomes are internalisation of appearance ideals, mood, engagement in life activities, tendency to engage in appearance comparisons, and skin shade satisfaction. A minimum of 1000 participants will provide 95% power to detect small-to-medium intervention effects. To account for attrition and potential internet issues, the sample will comprise of 2000 Indonesian adolescents in grades 7–9, attending state junior high schools in Surabaya, East Java. Quantitative and qualitative data on acceptability of the intervention will also be collected from teachers and students. Additionally, fidelity of lesson implementation will be assessed. This project received ethical approval from the Universitas Indonesia and the University of the West of England. The intervention will be disseminated in junior high schools throughout Indonesia via UNICEF’s Life Skills Education (LSE) programme, which will be freely available for teachers to download. Discussion This paper presents Dove Confident Me Indonesia: Single Session, a culturally adapted school-based intervention designed to improve Indonesian adolescents’ body image. It details the plan for evaluation, highlighting the strengths and limitations of the proposed study design. It will be informative for others aiming to adapt evidence-based school curricula to promote well-being among adolescents in LMICs. Trial registration NCT04665557. Registered 11th December 2020. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11770-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Craddock
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK.
| | - Kirsty M Garbett
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Sharon Haywood
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | | | - Paul White
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | | | | | - Bernie E Medise
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Phillippa C Diedrichs
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
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13
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Mayoh J, Jones I. Young People's Experiences of Engaging With Fitspiration on Instagram: Gendered Perspective. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e17811. [PMID: 34605768 PMCID: PMC8524332 DOI: 10.2196/17811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fitness inspiration or fitspiration is a term used to describe web-based images of fit people, people in the gym, health foods, or inspirational quotes relating to diet and fitness being shared and consumed via visual social media. The popularity of this content is most notable via the Instagram platform. Currently, the majority of fitspiration research has focused on women’s experiences; however, increasingly, studies have pointed to the need to explore the gendered ways by which people engage with this content. Objective The aim of this study is to explore how young men and women engage in fitspiration content on Instagram and provide a gendered analysis of how and why they consume this content. Methods This study used a cross-sectional web-based survey (N=1213) of UK-based fitspiration users aged 18-24 years consisting of closed-ended questions to capture quantitative data. Results The majority actively using Instagram for fitspiration (therefore eligible participants) were women (826/1175, 70.30%). Men were more likely to view content posted by athletes (χ21, N=1153=71.8; P=.001) and bodybuilders (χ21, N=1153=32.8; P<.001), whereas women were more likely to view content related to weight loss (χ21, N=1153=36.8; P<.001), diet plans (χ21, N=1153=11.9; P<.001), and celebrities’ content (χ21, N=1153=33.5; P<.001). Men were more likely to use fitspiration as a source of inspiration to exercise to gain muscle or get stronger (χ21, N=1147=17.9; P<.001), whereas women were more likely to use fitspiration as inspiration for healthy eating (χ21, N=1147=37.7; P<.001), or to exercise to diet or lose weight (χ21, N=1147=13.5; P<.001). Women were more likely to engage in passive behaviors such as viewing content on their feed (χ21, N=1139=7.9; P=.005) or scrolling through accounts (χ21, N=1139=15.2; P<.001), whereas men were more likely to engage in active consumption by tagging fitspiration accounts in posts (χ21, N=1139=7.2; P=.007), commenting on posts (χ21, N=1139=8.1; P=.004), and posting fitspiration content (χ21, N=1139=6.4; P=.01). Conclusions Female fitspiration consumers engaged with content that reinforced the feminine thin but shapely ideal, whereas male users sought out content that reinforced the masculine muscular ideal. Male users were more likely to engage actively with content (eg, posting fitspiration content), while female users were more likely to engage passively (eg, scrolling through accounts, posts, or images). Future research should consider how fitspiration consumption reflects and reproduces oppressive gender ideology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Mayoh
- Department of Sport and Event Management, Bournemouth University, Poole, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Jones
- Department of Sport and Event Management, Bournemouth University, Poole, United Kingdom
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14
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Body Dissatisfaction, Weight-Related Behaviours, and Health Behaviours: A Comparison Between Australian and Malaysian in Female Emerging Adults. BEHAVIOUR CHANGE 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/bec.2021.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe presence of body dissatisfaction (BD) in non-Western countries is an important area of empirical enquiry. The results reflect collectivistic and individualistic cultures of Malaysians and Australians, respectively, whereby social approval, social acceptance, and cultural values are of high importance to Malaysians compared with the more liberal attitudes of Australians with respect to health behaviours. This study sought to compare: (1) Australian and Malaysian women on BD, thin ideal internalisation, sociocultural influences, problematic weight-related behaviours, and health behaviours; and (2) the degree to which BD is associated with health behaviours (smoking, alcohol consumption, drug use, and sexual behaviours) across the two cultures. Participants were 428 Australian females and 402 Malaysian females aged 18–25 years old. Australians had higher BD, thin ideal internalisation, family and media influences, restrained eating, and poorer health behaviours, while Malaysians had higher peer influence. There was no difference for bulimic behaviours across the two countries. BD was found to have an association with use of drugs, smoking, and sexual behaviours among Malaysian women, but not for Australian participants. The permeation of Western standards of the thin ideal due to increased industrialisation, Westernisation, and modernisation has brought about bulimic behaviours in Malaysian women, similar to that of Australian women.
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15
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Jalali-Farahani S, Amiri P, Zarani F, Azizi F. The main physical components of body image from the perspectives of Iranian adolescents: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:78. [PMID: 33413229 PMCID: PMC7791799 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-10096-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although different aspects of body image have been extensively studied in Western societies, there is little evidence regarding the main physical components that contribute to perceptions of body image from the perspective of adolescents, especially in Eastern-Mediterranean regions. This study aims to investigate main physical components of body image from the perspectives of Iranian boys and girls. Methods This qualitative study has been conducted using a grounded theory approach. The focus of the current study was on identifying the main physical characteristics of body image as perceived by participants. A total of 13 semi-structured focus group discussions were conducted with 84 adolescents (42 girls and 42 boys), aged 15–18 years. All focus group discussions were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data collection continued until saturation was reached. Results The mean age and BMI of participants were 16.2±0.9 years and 24.3±8.0 kg/m2 respectively. Regarding main physical components of body image, three main themes emerged from the data: 1) perceived face/hair, which included three subthemes-facial features, facial shape/form and hair, 2) perceived body, which included three subthemes-body size, body shape and bone structure and 3) perceived physical functioning which included three subthemes-physical ability, physical health and voice tone. Among mentioned themes, perceived body was the concept which was most frequently addressed by both adolescent boys and girls. Additionally, in terms of the other remaining two themes, when adolescents were talking about their bodies, girls more frequently mentioned their faces and its features, while boys tended to talk more about their physical functioning. Conclusion This qualitative study provide further insight into the physical components of body image as perceived by Iranian boys and girls. Current findings indicated that besides those features that focused on body appearance and its aesthetic aspects, physical functioning was another main component of perceived body image by participants. These findings can contribute to the design and implementation of effective interventions aiming at improving body image and its related disorders in Iranian adolescents. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-020-10096-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jalali-Farahani
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Amiri
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Zarani
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Aimé A, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Dion J, Markey CH, Strodl E, McCabe M, Mellor D, Granero Gallegos A, Pietrabissa G, Alcaraz-Ibánez M, Bégin C, Blackburn MÈ, Caltabiano M, Castelnuovo G, Gullo S, Hayami-Chisuwa N, He Q, Lo Coco G, Manzonie GM, Probst M, Rodgers RF, Sicilia A, Maïano C. Assessing positive body image, body satisfaction, weight bias, and appearance comparison in emerging adults: A cross-validation study across eight countries. Body Image 2020; 35:320-332. [PMID: 33189052 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Positive body image refers to individuals' ability to conceptualize their bodies with love, respect, and appreciation. The study of positive body image is relatively new, and instruments used to investigate this multi-faceted construct have received limited use in non-English speaking countries. Thus, the aim of this investigation is to consider four measures that are associated with positive body image across eight different countries. Participants (n = 6272) completed the Body Appreciation Scale-2, the Body Areas Satisfaction Scale, the Physical Appearance Comparison Scale, and the Weight Bias Internalization Scale. Multi-group confirmatory factor analyses (MG-CFAs) and item-response theory (IRT) models were used to examine the measurement invariance of these surveys. Our results generally suggest that positive body image, weight bias, and appearance comparison can be assessed using brief assessments and that these four instruments can be used in different countries, but care should be taken to consider individuals' gender, BMI, and socio-economic position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Aimé
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Saint-Jérôme, Québec, Canada.
| | | | - Jacinthe Dion
- Department of Health Sciences, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555, boul. De l'Université, Chicoutimi, Quebec, G7H 2BI, Canada.
| | - Charlotte H Markey
- Department of Psychology, Health Sciences Centre, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, 08102, USA.
| | - Esben Strodl
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Rd, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059, Australia.
| | - Marita McCabe
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Burwood Road, Hawthorn, 3122, Australia.
| | - David Mellor
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia.
| | - Antonio Granero Gallegos
- Health Research Center and Department of Education, University of Almeria, Ctra de Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almeria, Spain.
| | - Giada Pietrabissa
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, S. Giuseppe Hospital, Oggebbio-Piancavallo (VB), Italy; Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 1, 20123, Milan, Italy.
| | - Manuel Alcaraz-Ibánez
- Health Research Center and Department of Education, University of Almeria, Ctra de Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almeria, Spain.
| | - Catherine Bégin
- School of Psychology, Laval University, 2325 Allée des Bibliothèques, Québec, GIV 0A6, Canada.
| | - Marie-Ève Blackburn
- ECOBES-Research and Transfer, Cégep de Jonquiere, 2505, Saint-Hubert Street, Jonquière, Québec, Canada.
| | - Marie Caltabiano
- School of Psychology, James Cook University, McGregor Road, Smithfield, Queensland, 4870, Australia.
| | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, S. Giuseppe Hospital, Oggebbio-Piancavallo (VB), Italy; Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 1, 20123, Milan, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Gullo
- Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences and Human Movement, University of Palermo, viale delle Sciennze edificio 15, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Naomi Hayami-Chisuwa
- Graduate School of Human Life Sciences, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.
| | - Qiqiang He
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, PR China.
| | - Gianluca Lo Coco
- Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences and Human Movement, University of Palermo, viale delle Sciennze edificio 15, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Gian Mauro Manzonie
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, S. Giuseppe Hospital, Oggebbio-Piancavallo (VB), Italy; Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, Novedrate (CO), Italy.
| | - Michel Probst
- Departement of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, O&N4Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Rachel F Rodgers
- Department of Applied Psychology, North Eastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Psychiatric Emergency & Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Alvaro Sicilia
- Health Research Center and Department of Education, University of Almeria, Ctra de Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almeria, Spain.
| | - Christophe Maïano
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Saint-Jérôme, Québec, Canada.
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17
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Sicilia A, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Rodgers RF, Granero-Gallegos A, Lo Coco G, Dion J, McCabe M, Strodl E, Markey CH, Aimé A, Gullo S, Mellor D, Castelnuovo G, Probst M, Maïano C, Manzoni GM, Beginr C, Blackburn ME, Pietrabissa G, Hayami-Chisuwa N, He Q, Caltabiano M, Alcaraz-Ibánez M. Cross-Country Measurement Invariance and Effects of Sociodemographic Factors on Body Weight and Shape Concern-Related Constructs in Eight Countries. Body Image 2020; 35:288-299. [PMID: 33181385 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the cross-country invariance of five well-established measures of body weight and shape concern-related attitudes and behaviors (i.e., drive for leanness, drive for muscularity, strategies to increase muscle, strategies to lose weight, and weight and shape concerns). A secondary objective was to examine the effects of several sociodemographic factors (age, BMI, socioeconomic status, and gender) on item and latent factor scores of these constructs. A total of 6272 emerging adults (4218 women; Mage = 21.46, SD = 3.11) from Australia, Belgium, Canada, China, Italy, Japan, Spain, and the U.S. completed a self-report online survey as part of a larger study. Overall, support for partial invariance both across countries and in terms of the considered sociodemographic factors was found for reduced versions of the five measures. Significant differences in latent means were found across countries, these being of greater magnitude for drive for leanness and strategies to lose weight. The considered sociodemographic factors (most notably BMI and gender) were associated with the latent mean scores of the assessed constructs. The present study contributes to current literature by providing cross-cultural invariant versions of several measures of relevance in the field of body image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Sicilia
- Health Research Centre and Department of Education, University of Almeria, Ctra de Sacramento, s/n, 04120, Almeria, Spain.
| | | | - Rachel F Rodgers
- Department of Applied Psychology, North Eastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, USA and Department of Psychiatric Emergency & Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU Montpellier, France.
| | - Antonio Granero-Gallegos
- Health Research Centre and Department of Education, University of Almeria, Ctra de Sacramento, s/n, 04120, Almeria, Spain.
| | - Gianluca Lo Coco
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Viale delle Sciennze edificio 15, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Jacinthe Dion
- Department of Health Sciences, Universite du Quebec a Chicoutimi, 555, boul. De l'universite, Chicoutimi, Quebec, G7H 2BI, Canada.
| | - Marita McCabe
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Burwood Road, Hawthorn, 3122, Australia.
| | - Esben Strodl
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Rd., Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059, Australia.
| | - Charlotte H Markey
- Department of Psychology, Health Sciences Center, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, 08102, USA.
| | - Annie Aimé
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, 5, Rue Saint-Joseph, Saint-Jérôme, Québec, J7Z 0B7, Canada.
| | - Salvatore Gullo
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Viale delle Sciennze edificio 15, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
| | - David Mellor
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia.
| | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, San Giuseppe Hospital, Strada Cadorna 90, 28824, Oggebbio, VB, Italy; Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 1, 20123, Milan, Italy.
| | - Michel Probst
- Dept of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, O&N 4 Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Christophe Maïano
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, 5, Rue Saint-Joseph, Saint-Jérôme, Québec, J7Z 0B7, Canada.
| | - Gian Mauro Manzoni
- Department of Psychology, eCampus University, Novedrate, CO, Italy; Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, San Giuseppe Hospital, Strada Cadorna 90, 28824, Oggebbio, VB, Italy.
| | - Catherine Beginr
- School of Psychology, Laval University, 2325 Allee des Bibliotheques, Quebec, GIVOA6, Canada.
| | - Marie-Eve Blackburn
- ECOBES-Research and Transfer, Cegep de Jonquiere, 2505, Saint-Hubert Street, Jonquiere, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Giada Pietrabissa
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, San Giuseppe Hospital, Strada Cadorna 90, 28824, Oggebbio, VB, Italy; Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 1, 20123, Milan, Italy.
| | - Naomi Hayami-Chisuwa
- Graduate School of Human Life Sciences, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.
| | - Qiqiang He
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, PR China.
| | - Marie Caltabiano
- School of Psychology, James Cook University, McGregor Road, Smithfield, Queensland, 4870, Australia.
| | - Manuel Alcaraz-Ibánez
- Health Research Centre and Department of Education, University of Almeria, Ctra de Sacramento, s/n, 04120, Almeria, Spain.
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18
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Examination of the Relationship Between Attentional Biases and Body Dissatisfaction: An Eye-Tracking Study. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-020-10084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Broadbent J, Richardson B, Watson B, Klas A, Skouteris H. A network analysis comparison of central determinants of body dissatisfaction among pregnant and non-pregnant women. Body Image 2020; 32:111-120. [PMID: 31855747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to compare body dissatisfaction of pregnant (n = 1245 overall; n = 320 trimester 1, n = 497 trimester 2, n = 428 trimester 3) and non-pregnant (n = 547) women in terms of: (a) global dissatisfaction, (b) dissatisfaction with specific body parts/features, and (c) strength of inter-relation among these areas of dissatisfaction. While ANOVAs revealed small group differences in overall body dissatisfaction ratings for appearance and function, more sizable differences were observed at the item level. Network analysis showed that the dissatisfaction items clustered together in similar ways across groups, but that the relative importance of these items for the networks differed by group. In particular, dissatisfaction with chest was much less connected to other areas of dissatisfaction for pregnant women, whilst dissatisfaction with shape and/or weight were more strongly connected to other items for this group. Body function items were less important in the network for non-pregnant women. Findings support earlier qualitative findings suggesting that pregnant women are concerned with both appearance and functioning of their bodies. More broadly, information gleaned at the item level highlights the value in exploring areas of dissatisfaction that may increase understanding of global dissatisfaction ratings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anna Klas
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Australia
| | - Helen Skouteris
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Australia
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20
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Body Image Victimization Experiences and Disordered Eating Behaviors among Chinese Female Adolescents: The Role of Body Dissatisfaction and Depression. SEX ROLES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-020-01122-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Lee CY, Yusof HM, Zakaria NS. Knowledge, Attitude and Behaviours Related to Weight Control and Body-Image Perceptions among Chinese High School Students. Malays J Med Sci 2019; 26:122-131. [PMID: 31728124 PMCID: PMC6839653 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2019.26.5.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Body-image perception is one of the determinants in weight management, especially among adolescents. This study aimed to assess weight-control knowledge, attitude and behaviours along with body-image perceptions among Chinese high school students in order to compare the weight-control behaviours with those perceptions. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 277 Chinese students in Form 1 and Form 2 in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia using convenience sampling. The following outcomes were evaluated: weight-control knowledge, attitude and behaviours (weight-related knowledge and attitude questionnaire; weight control strategies scale) and body-image perceptions (figure rating scale). Results Both genders were found to have high weight-control knowledge, with female adolescents scoring significantly higher than male adolescents (P = 0.010). However, only half of the adolescents (50.9%) perceived that obesity is bad for health. Although only 44.4% of adolescents were dissatisfied with their current weight status, 62.8% intended to change their present weight status. Male adolescents significantly engaged more in physical activity (PA) (P = 0.035) and self-monitoring (SM) (P = 0.014) compared to their female counterparts. Furthermore, male adolescents chose their current body size as their ideal body image, but female adolescents preferred a slimmer ideal figure. The percentage of male and female adolescents who desired a smaller body figure was 39.6% and 54.5%, respectively. Lastly, there was no significant difference between weight-control behaviours and adolescents’ body-image perceptions. Conclusion Female Chinese adolescents had higher weight-control knowledge and preferred a slimmer body size, yet males were more likely to engage in PA and SM behaviours. Essentially, imprecise attitude towards obesity among half of the Chinese high school students is of particular concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Yin Lee
- School of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Hayati Mohd Yusof
- School of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Noor Salihah Zakaria
- School of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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22
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García Sandoval JR, Caracuel JC, Cocca A, Cocca M, Ceballos Gurrola O. Relation Between Body Mass Index and Body Image in Spanish and Mexican Adolescents. Behav Med 2018; 44:280-288. [PMID: 28535140 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2017.1332303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This article aims to study the relation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and body image in adolescents from two different social environments in Spain and Mexico, and to compare the construction of an appropriate body scheme in youth from these two countries. The majority of participants were found to be in the normal weight category of BMI. No significant differences were found in BMI or body image comparing Mexican and Spanish adolescents. Regardless of the country of origin, youth belonging to the weight deficit category of BMI overestimated their body shape, whereas those pertaining to overweight and obesity categories underestimated it. Both over- and underestimating own body shape imply higher risk to suffer from behavioral and psychological distresses, such as eating disorders. Further research is recommended in order to analyze the social, educational, and emotional patterns related to this occurrence and to improve their quality of life.
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Pahlevan Sharif S. Development and psychometric evaluation of the breast size satisfaction scale. Int J Health Care Qual Assur 2017; 30:717-727. [PMID: 28958201 DOI: 10.1108/ijhcqa-12-2016-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop and evaluate psychometrically an instrument named the Breast Size Satisfaction Scale (BSSS) to assess breast size satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach The present scale was developed using a set of 16 computer-generated 3D images of breasts to overcome some of the limitations of existing instruments. The images were presented to participants and they were asked to select the figure that most accurately depicted their actual breast size and the figure that most closely represented their ideal breast size. Breast size satisfaction was computed by subtracting the absolute value of the difference between ideal and actual perceived size from 16, such that higher values indicate greater breast size satisfaction. Findings Study 1 ( n=65 female undergraduate students) showed good test-retest reliability and study 2 ( n=1,000 Iranian women, aged 18 years and above) provided support for convergent validity using a nomological network approach. Originality/value The BSSS demonstrated good psychometric properties and thus can be used in future studies to assess breast size satisfaction among women.
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Brockhoff M, Mussap AJ, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Mellor D, Skouteris H, McCabe MP, Ricciardelli LA. Cultural differences in body dissatisfaction: Japanese adolescents compared with adolescents from China, Malaysia, Australia, Tonga, and Fiji. ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ajsp.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miki Brockhoff
- School of Psychology; Deakin University; Melbourne Australia
| | | | | | - David Mellor
- School of Psychology; Deakin University; Melbourne Australia
| | - Helen Skouteris
- School of Psychology; Deakin University; Melbourne Australia
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Alagille Syndrome: A Case Report Highlighting Dysmorphic Facies, Chronic Illness, and Depression. Case Rep Psychiatry 2016; 2016:1657691. [PMID: 28018696 PMCID: PMC5149642 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1657691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alagille syndrome is a rare multisystem disorder affecting the liver, heart, vertebrae, eyes, and face. Alagille syndrome shares multiple phenotypic variants of other congenital or chronic childhood illnesses such as DiGeorge syndrome, Down syndrome, spina bifida, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and cystic fibrosis. All of these chronic illnesses have well-established links to psychiatric conditions. There are few community resources for Alagille patients, as it is an extremely rare condition. Despite the overlap with other chronic childhood illnesses, the psychiatric manifestations of Alagille syndrome have not been previously discussed in literature. The current study is a case report of a twelve-year-old female hospitalized in our pediatric psychiatric hospital for suicidal ideation with intent and plan. The patient had major depressive disorder, anxiety, other specified feeding and eating disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder.
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Abstract
Once concentrated among adolescent Caucasian females in high-income Western countries, today, eating disorders (EDs) are truly global. Building upon previous work describing the rise of EDs among cultures in transition, we contextualize the emergence of EDs in Asia by locating this development within the broader discourse about the processes of change that have radically transformed Asian societies over the last three decades. By identifying where EDs are emerging in the region, and by examining their particular expression, our aim is to explicate a fuller story of the relationship between culture and eating disorders. Much of the discussion of EDs in non-Western societies is predicated upon the assumption that an increase in EDs is the by-product of "Westernization", the term used to describe the process by which increased cultural contact with the West results in the transmission of so-called 'Western' ideas and cultural norms to a non-Western culture. While the Westernization literature represents a historical anchor in our understanding of EDs in Asia, we propose that this analysis is incomplete in that societal change in the form of industrialization and urbanization occurring independently from, or in tandem with, "Western" influence are critical factors contributing to the rise of EDs in Asia. Further, our review of eating disorders in Asia suggests that an understanding of the diversity and distinctiveness of the individual countries and cultures that comprise 'Asia' is crucial to understanding the emergence and rise of EDs across this vast region, suggesting that eating disorders are not culture-bound or culture-specific, but rather culture-reactive. Taking into account both the historical influence of Western culture and the more contemporary effects of Asian industrialization and urbanization, key distinctions among respective Asian cultures expands our understanding of the development and expression of EDs globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M. Pike
- />Departments of Psychiatry and Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, USA
- />New York State Psychiatric Institute, Unit 9, Rm. 5808, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Patricia E. Dunne
- />Department of Clinical & Counseling Psychology, Columbia University (Teachers College), New York, USA
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Ng SK, Barron D, Swami V. Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Body Appreciation Scale among adults in Hong Kong. Body Image 2015; 13:1-8. [PMID: 25523745 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has suggested that the factor structure of Body Appreciation Scale (BAS), a widely-used measure of positive body image, may not be cross-culturally equivalent. Here, we used confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate the conceptual equivalence of a Chinese (Cantonese) translation of the BAS among women (n=1319) and men (n=1084) in Hong Kong. Results showed that neither the one-dimensional nor proposed two-dimensional factor structures had adequate fit. Instead, a modified two-dimensional structure, which retained 9 of the 13 BAS items in two factors, had the best fit. However, only one of these factors, reflective of General Body Appreciation, had adequate internal consistency. This factor also had good patterns of construct validity, as indicated through significant correlations with participant body mass index, self-esteem, and (among women) actual-ideal weight discrepancy. The present results suggest that there may be cultural differences in the concept and experience of body appreciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu-Kuen Ng
- Physical Education Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - David Barron
- Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Viren Swami
- Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London, UK; Department of Psychology, HELP University College, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Culture has long been recognized as significant to the cause and expression of eating disorders. We reviewed the recent literature about recent trends in the occurrence of eating disorders in different cultures. RECENT FINDINGS While historically, eating disorders were conceptualized as primarily afflicting Caucasian adolescent or young adult women within high-income, industrialized Western Europe and North America, eating disorders are increasingly documented in diverse countries and cultures worldwide. This study highlights recent trends that reflect the changing landscape of culture and eating disorders: stabilization of the incidence of anorexia nervosa and possibly lower incidence rates of bulimia nervosa in Caucasian North American and Northern European groups; increasing rates of eating disorders in Asia; increasing rates of eating disorders in the Arab region; and increasing rates of binge eating and bulimia nervosa in Hispanic and Black American minority groups in North America. SUMMARY The changing face of eating disorders calls for a new conceptualization of culture in both the emergence and spread of eating disorders across the globe.
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Tan AYT, Mellor D, Bt Mamat NH. Ratings of physical attractiveness within young, romantically engaged couples in Malaysia. ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ajsp.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David Mellor
- School of Psychology; Deakin University; Burwood Victoria Australia
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Social Media Effects on Young Women’s Body Image Concerns: Theoretical Perspectives and an Agenda for Research. SEX ROLES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-014-0384-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Mellor D, Hucker A, Waterhouse M, binti Mamat NH, Xu X, Cochrane J, McCabe M, Ricciardelli L. A cross-cultural study investigating body features associated with male adolescents' body dissatisfaction in Australia, China, and Malaysia. Am J Mens Health 2014; 8:521-31. [PMID: 24707036 DOI: 10.1177/1557988314528370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated how dissatisfaction with particular aspects of the body was associated with overall body dissatisfaction among male adolescents in Western and Asian cultures. One hundred and six Malaysian Malays, 55 Malaysian Chinese, 195 Chinese from China, and 45 non-Asian Australians aged 12 to 19 years completed a questionnaire assessing dissatisfaction with their overall body and dissatisfaction with varying aspects of their body. Dissatisfaction with the face, height, and hair was positively correlated with overall body dissatisfaction among Malaysian Malays after body mass index, age and dissatisfaction with body areas typically included in measures (weight/shape, upper, middle, and lower body, and muscles) had been controlled for. Dissatisfaction with the face was positively correlated with overall body dissatisfaction among Malaysian Chinese. These findings demonstrate the differences in body focus for males from different cultures and the importance of using assessment measures that address all possible areas of body focus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
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