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Komori T, Kram V, Perry S, Pham HT, Jani P, Kilts TM, Watanabe K, Kim DG, Martin D, Young MF. Type VI Collagen Deficiency Causes Enhanced Periodontal Tissue Destruction. J Dent Res 2024:220345241256306. [PMID: 38910439 DOI: 10.1177/00220345241256306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The periodontal ligament (PDL) is a fibrillar connective tissue that lies between the alveolar bone and the tooth and is composed of highly specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules and a heterogeneous population of cells that are responsible for collagen formation, immune response, bone formation, and chewing force sensation. Type VI collagen (COL6), a widely distributed ECM molecule, plays a critical role in the structural integrity and mechanical properties of various tissues including muscle, tendon, bone, cartilage, and skin. However, its role in the PDL remains largely unknown. Our study shows that deficiency of COL6 impairs PDL fibrillogenesis and exacerbates tissue destruction in ligature-induced periodontitis (LIP). We found that COL6-deficient mice exhibited increased bone loss and degraded PDL in LIP and that fibroblasts expressing high levels of Col6α2 are pivotal in ECM organization and cell-ECM interactions. Moreover, COL6 deficiency in the PDL led to an increased number of fibroblasts geared toward the inflammatory response. We also observed that cultured COL6-deficient fibroblasts from the PDL exhibited decreased expression of genes related to collagen fiber turnover and ECM organization as well as migration and proliferation. Our findings suggest that COL6 plays a crucial role in the PDL, influencing fibroblast function in fibrillogenesis and affecting the immune response in periodontitis. These insights advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying PDL maturation and periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Komori
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - V Kram
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S Perry
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - H T Pham
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Dentistry, Haiphong, Vietnam
| | - P Jani
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - T M Kilts
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K Watanabe
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - D G Kim
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - D Martin
- NIDCD/NIDCR Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M F Young
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Huang Y, Li M, Liu Q, Song L, Wang Q, Ding P, Tian W, Guo S. Small extracellular vesicles derived from lipopolysaccharide-preconditioned dental follicle cells inhibit cell apoptosis and alveolar bone loss in periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 162:105964. [PMID: 38582010 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the effects of small extracellular vesicles derived from lipopolysaccharide-preconditioned dental follicle cells (L-D-sEV) on periodontal ligament cells from periodontitis affected teeth (p-PDLCs) in vitro and experimental periodontitis in mice. DESIGN In vitro, the biological function of p-PDLCs and the underlying molecular mechanism were investigated by flow cytometry, Western blot, and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. Eighteen-eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: control (Con), periodontitis (Peri), and L-D-sEV groups. Mice periodontitis model was induced by placing the 5-0 silk thread (around the maxillary second molar) and P.gingivalis (1 ×107 CFUs per mouse). In vivo, the alveolar bone loss, osteoclast activity, and macrophage polarization were measured by micro-computed tomography and histological analysis. RESULTS In vitro, the RANKL/OPG ratio and phosphorylation of JNK and P38 protein levels of p-PDLCs were significantly decreased after L-D-sEV administration. Besides, flow cytometry and qRT-PCR analysis showed that L-D-sEV reduced apoptosis of p-PDLCs, down-regulated apoptosis-related genes Caspase-3 and BCL-2-Associated X expression, and up-regulated B-cell lymphoma-2 gene levels. In vivo, L-D-sEV administration significantly reduced alveolar bone loss, inhibited osteoclast activity, and induced M2 polarization. The histological analysis showed that iNOS/CD206, RANKL/OPG, p-JNK/JNK, and p-P38/P38 ratios were significantly lower in the L-D-sEV group than in the Peri group. CONCLUSIONS L-D-sEV administration alleviated alveolar bone loss by mediating RANKL/OPG-related osteoclast activity and M2 macrophage polarization, alleviating p-PDLCs apoptosis and proliferation via the JNK and P38 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Huang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mujia Li
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Song
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianting Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Peihui Ding
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Periodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Periodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Han N, Li X, Du J, Xu J, Guo L, Liu Y. The impacts of oral and gut microbiota on alveolar bone loss in periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:1139-1147. [PMID: 37712722 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis, a chronic infectious disease, primarily arises from infections and the invasion of periodontal pathogens. This condition is typified by alveolar bone loss resulting from host immune responses and inflammatory reactions. Periodontal pathogens trigger aberrant inflammatory reactions within periodontal tissues, thereby exacerbating the progression of periodontitis. Simultaneously, these pathogens and metabolites stimulate osteoclast differentiation, which leads to alveolar bone resorption. Moreover, a range of systemic diseases, including diabetes, postmenopausal osteoporosis, obesity and inflammatory bowel disease, can contribute to the development and progression of periodontitis. Many studies have underscored the pivotal role of gut microbiota in bone health through the gut-alveolar bone axis. The circulation may facilitate the transfer of gut pathogens or metabolites to distant alveolar bone, which in turn regulates bone homeostasis. Additionally, gut pathogens can elicit gut immune responses and direct immune cells to remote organs, potentially exacerbating periodontitis. This review summarizes the influence of oral microbiota on the development of periodontitis as well as the association between gut microbiota and periodontitis. By uncovering potential mechanisms of the gut-bone axis, this analysis provides novel insights for the targeted treatment of pathogenic bacteria in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Han
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology, Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology, Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology, Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junji Xu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology, Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijia Guo
- Department of Orthodontics School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology, Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Noguchi T, Kitaura H, Marahleh A, Agista AZ, Ohsaki Y, Shirakawa H, Mizoguchi I. Fermented Rice Bran Supplementation Inhibits LPS-Induced Osteoclast Formation and Bone Resorption in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:3044. [PMID: 37447370 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fermented rice bran (FRB) is known to have numerous beneficial bioactivities, amongst which is its anti-inflammatory properties when used as a supplement. To determine its effects, we examined osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption caused by injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), using mice with and without FRB supplementation. The results were favorable: those that received FRB showed reduced osteoclast numbers and bone resorption compared to those with the control diet. Notably, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA levels were shown to be lower in the LPS-treated animals with FRB supplementation. FRB's inhibitory effect on RANKL- and TNF-α-induced osteoclastogenesis was further confirmed in vitro. In culture, macrophages exhibited decreased TNF-α mRNA levels when treated with FRB extract and LPS versus treatment with LPS alone, but there was no significant change in RANKL levels in osteoblasts. We can conclude that FRB supplementation dampens the effect of LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption by controlling TNF-α expression in macrophages and the direct inhibition of osteoclast formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Noguchi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hideki Kitaura
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Aseel Marahleh
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS), Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Afifah Zahra Agista
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohsaki
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shirakawa
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Itaru Mizoguchi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan
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5
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Ma J, Kitaura H, Ogawa S, Ohori F, Noguchi T, Marahleh A, Nara Y, Pramusita A, Kinjo R, Kanou K, Kishikawa A, Ichimura A, Mizoguchi I. Docosahexaenoic acid inhibits TNF-α-induced osteoclast formation and orthodontic tooth movement through GPR120. Front Immunol 2023; 13:929690. [PMID: 36741381 PMCID: PMC9889988 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.929690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid that has a range of positive impacts on human health, including anti-inflammatory effects and inhibition of osteoclast formation via G-protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120). Orthodontic force was reported to induce tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression, which activates osteoclast differentiation during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of DHA on TNF-α-induced osteoclast formation and OTM in vivo. We examined osteoclast formation and bone resorption within the calvaria of both wild-type (WT) and GPR120-deficient (GPR120-KO) mice injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), TNF-α, TNF-α and DHA, or DHA. DHA inhibited TNF-α-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption in WT mice but had no effect in GPR120-KO mice. OTM experiments were performed in mouse strains with or without regular injection of DHA, and the effects of DHA on osteoclast formation in the alveolar bones during OTM were examined. DHA also suppressed OTM in WT but not GPR120-KO mice. Our data showed that DHA suppresses TNF-α-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption via GPR120. TNF-α has considerable significance in OTM, and therefore, DHA may also inhibit TNF-α-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption in OTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Ma
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hideki Kitaura
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan,*Correspondence: Hideki Kitaura,
| | - Saika Ogawa
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Ohori
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Noguchi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Aseel Marahleh
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Nara
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Adya Pramusita
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ria Kinjo
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kayoko Kanou
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Akiko Kishikawa
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Ichimura
- Department of Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Itaru Mizoguchi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Yu HJ, Wang LJ, Huang K, Guo QF, Lin BY, Liu YY, Yu M, Ma GP. PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone alleviates inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharides in osteoblast cells. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:2471-2479. [PMID: 35072290 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteomyelitis is an acute or chronic inflammatory bone disease with a high disability rate. As an anti-inflammatory factor, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) is not only implicated in a variety of inflammatory responses but also regulates osteoblast differentiation and bone mass. However, the role of PPAR-γ in osteomyelitis is not fully understood. In the present study, we demonstrated that PPAR-γ showed a lower expression level in infected bone tissue of osteomyelitis patients as compared with uninfected bone tissue from nonosteomyelitis patients with fracture of the hip. We applied lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast precursor cell line as an in vitro model for osteomyelitis. LPS treatment increased osteomyelitis-associated inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), whereas PPAR-γ levels and cell viability in MC3T3-E1 cells were suppressed. PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662 further enhanced IL-6 and TNF-α levels, and decreased cell viability in the presence of LPS treatment. In contrast, PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone antagonized the effect of LPS treatment in MC3T3-E1 cells. These findings suggest that PPAR-γ downregulation is associated with the inflammation and progression of osteomyelitis, and PPAR-γ agonist could serve as a therapeutic strategy to attenuate inflammatory responses. This study provides novel insights into the physiopathogenesis of osteomyelitis and future study is required to validate the findings in animal model and uncover the molecular mechanism of PPAR-γ-dependent anti-inflammation in osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Jun Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lai-Jie Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huai'An People's Hospital Of Hongze District Jiangsu Province, Huai'An, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiao-Feng Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing-Yuan Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Haihe Hospital of Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gou-Ping Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Tan S, Su Y, Huang L, Deng S, Yan G, Yang X, Chen R, Xian Y, Liang J, Liu Q, Cheng J. Corilagin attenuates osteoclastic osteolysis by enhancing HO‐1 and inhibiting ROS. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23049. [PMID: 35307913 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaolin Tan
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi China
- Department of Orthopaedics The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi China
| | - Yuangang Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi China
| | - Linke Huang
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi China
- Department of Orthopaedics The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi China
| | - Siyu Deng
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi China
| | - Guohua Yan
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi China
| | - Xue Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi China
| | - Runfeng Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi China
| | - Yansi Xian
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi China
| | - Jiamin Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi China
| | - Qian Liu
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi China
| | - Jianwen Cheng
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi China
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning Guangxi China
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Lu J, Hu Y, Tang Z, Zhang C, Jin L, Gu M, Yang Y. Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide enhances the proliferation of human periodontal ligament cells via upregulation of cyclin D1, cyclin A and cyclin B1. Exp Ther Med 2021; 23:2. [PMID: 34815754 PMCID: PMC8593868 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) play a notable role in periodontal tissue homeostasis and regeneration. However, the effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) on the proliferation of hPDLCs remains unclear. The present study investigated the effects of Pg-LPS on the proliferation profile of hPDLCs, and the involvement of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases in the process. hPDLCs were treated with Pg-LPS, and cell proliferation and cycle were detected using Cell Counting Kit-8 assays and flow cytometry. The mRNA expression levels of the cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), including cyclins A, B1, D1 and D2 and CDK1, 2 and 4, were detected using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The protein expression levels of cyclins A, B1 and D1 were analysed using western blotting. The proliferation of hPDLCs was significantly increased after treatment with Pg-LPS at the concentrations of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 µg/ml for 24, 36 and 48 h compared with the cells cultured without LPS (P<0.01). The proliferation index of hPDLCs was significantly enhanced after treatment with Pg-LPS (0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 µg/ml) for 24 h (P<0.01). However, the S-phase fraction (SPF) only significantly increased after treatment with Pg-LPS at 0.01 µg/ml for 24 h (P<0.05), while the G2/M-phase fraction increased (P<0.01) and the G0/G1-phase fraction decreased (P<0.01) compared with the controls. The proliferation index and SPF increased, peaked at 24 h and then decreased at 48 h in both Pg-LPS-stimulated and control groups. Notably, Pg-LPS significantly upregulated the expression levels of cyclins D1, A and B1 after 24 h compared with those in the controls. Overall, the present study indicated that Pg-LPS may enhance the proliferation of hPDLCs, potentially through upregulation of cyclins D1, A and B1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Lu
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P.R. China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Medical Technology, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Yajing Hu
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P.R. China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Zhongyuan Tang
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Lijian Jin
- Division of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Min Gu
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Yanqi Yang
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P.R. China
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Usui M, Onizuka S, Sato T, Kokabu S, Ariyoshi W, Nakashima K. Mechanism of alveolar bone destruction in periodontitis - Periodontal bacteria and inflammation. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2021; 57:201-208. [PMID: 34703508 PMCID: PMC8524191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease caused by periodontopathogenic bacteria, which eventually leads to bone tissue (alveolar bone) destruction as inflammation persists. Periodontal tissues have an immune system against the invasion of these bacteria, however, due to the persistent infection by periodontopathogenic bacteria, the host innate and acquired immunity is impaired, and tissue destruction, including bone tissue destruction, occurs. Osteoclasts are essential for bone destruction. Osteoclast progenitor cells derived from hematopoietic stem cells differentiate into osteoclasts. In addition, bone loss occurs when bone resorption by osteoclasts exceeds bone formation by osteoblasts. In inflammatory bone disease, inflammatory cytokines act on osteoblasts and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-producing cells, resulting in osteoclast differentiation and activation. In addition to this mechanism, pathogenic factors of periodontal bacteria and mechanical stress activate osteoclasts and destruct alveolar bone in periodontitis. In this review, we focused on the mechanism of osteoclast activation in periodontitis and provide an overview based on the latest findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiko Usui
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Satoru Onizuka
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saitama Medical University, 38 Moro-hongou, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Kokabu
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Wataru Ariyoshi
- Division of Infection and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakashima
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
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Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 1 Promotes Odontoblastic Differentiation and Reparative Dentin Formation in Dental Pulp Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092491. [PMID: 34572140 PMCID: PMC8468928 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct pulp capping is an effective treatment for preserving dental pulp against carious or traumatic pulp exposure via the formation of protective reparative dentin by odontoblast-like cells. Reparative dentin formation can be stimulated by several signaling molecules; therefore, we investigated the effects of secreted frizzled-related protein (SFRP) 1 that was reported to be strongly expressed in odontoblasts of newborn molar tooth germs on odontoblastic differentiation and reparative dentin formation. In developing rat incisors, cells in the dental pulp, cervical loop, and inner enamel epithelium, as well as ameloblasts and preodontoblasts, weakly expressed Sfrp1; however, Sfrp1 was strongly expressed in mature odontoblasts. Human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) showed stronger expression of SFRP1 compared with periodontal ligament cells and gingival cells. SFRP1 knockdown in hDPCs abolished calcium chloride-induced mineralized nodule formation and odontoblast-related gene expression and decreased BMP-2 gene expression. Conversely, SFRP1 stimulation enhanced nodule formation and expression of BMP-2. Direct pulp capping treatment with SFRP1 induced the formation of a considerable amount of reparative dentin that has a structure similar to primary dentin. Our results indicate that SFRP1 is crucial for dentinogenesis and is important in promoting reparative dentin formation in response to injury.
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11
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Li M, Tang Z, Zhang C, Jin L, Matsuo K, Yang Y. Lipopolysaccharides affect compressed periodontal ligament cells via Eph-ephrin signaling. Oral Dis 2021; 28:1662-1673. [PMID: 33872438 PMCID: PMC9544889 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to investigate the underlying mechanism of the recovery of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) sequentially exposed to inflammation and mechanical loading. MATERIALS AND METHODS We divided PDLCs into four groups: control; compressive force (CF) alone (2.0 g/cm2 ); lipopolysaccharides (LPS) pretreatment (0.1 μg/ml) followed by simultaneous LPS and CF stimulation, simulating uncontrolled periodontitis; and LPS pretreatment followed by CF exposure, simulating controlled periodontitis. The expression of EphB4-ephrinB2 and EphA2-ephrinA2, and the level of osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis were evaluated. RESULTS Simultaneous stimulation by LPS and CF, compared with CF alone and sequential LPS and CF exposure, significantly suppressed EphB4 and enhanced ephrinA2 expression. Similarly, the most intense osteoclastic differentiation was observed under simultaneous LPS and CF stimulation, while sequential exposure to LPS and CF only slightly increased osteoclastic cell numbers. Both the activation of EphB4 signaling and ephrinA2 silencing lowered osteoclastic differentiation, which had previously been upregulated by simultaneous LPS and CF stimulation. These treatments also increased osteogenic differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Simultaneous LPS and CF stimulation critically enhances osteoclastogenesis in PDLCs through the suppression of EphB4 and the induction of ephrinA2 signaling. Sequential LPS and CF exposure partially abolishes the osteolytic effects of simultaneous stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Li
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongyuan Tang
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lijian Jin
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Yanqi Yang
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Nakao Y, Fukuda T, Zhang Q, Sanui T, Shinjo T, Kou X, Chen C, Liu D, Watanabe Y, Hayashi C, Yamato H, Yotsumoto K, Tanaka U, Taketomi T, Uchiumi T, Le AD, Shi S, Nishimura F. Exosomes from TNF-α-treated human gingiva-derived MSCs enhance M2 macrophage polarization and inhibit periodontal bone loss. Acta Biomater 2021; 122:306-324. [PMID: 33359765 PMCID: PMC7897289 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)–derived exosome plays a central role in the cell-free therapeutics involving MSCs and the contents can be customized under disease-associated microenvironments. However, optimal MSC-preconditioning to enhance its therapeutic potential is largely unknown. Here, we show that preconditioning of gingival tissue-derived MSCs (GMSCs) with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is ideal for the treatment of periodontitis. TNF-α stimulation not only increased the amount of exosome secreted from GMSCs, but also enhanced the exosomal expression of CD73, thereby inducing anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization. The effect of GMSC-derived exosomes on inflammatory bone loss were examined by ligature-induced periodontitis model in mice. Local injection of GMSC-derived exosomes significantly reduced periodontal bone resorption and the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclasts, and these effects were further enhanced by preconditioning of GMSCs with TNF-α. Thus, GMSC-derived exosomes also exhibited anti-osteoclastogenic activity. Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) expression was regulated by Wnt5a in periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs), and exosomal miR-1260b was found to target Wnt5a-mediated RANKL pathway and inhibit its osteoclastogenic activity. These results indicate that significant ability of the TNF-α-preconditioned GMSC-derived exosomes to regulate inflammation and osteoclastogenesis paves the way for establishment of a therapeutic approach for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakao
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takao Fukuda
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qunzhou Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Terukazu Sanui
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanori Shinjo
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Xiaoxing Kou
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Chider Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Dawei Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Stomatology, Peking, China
| | - Yukari Watanabe
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chikako Hayashi
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yamato
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Karen Yotsumoto
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Urara Tanaka
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takaharu Taketomi
- Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uchiumi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Anh D Le
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Songtao Shi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Fusanori Nishimura
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Lee SY, Moon JS, Yang DW, Yoo HI, Jung JY, Kim OS, Kim MS, Koh JT, Chung HJ, Kim SH. SLPI in periodontal Ligament is not sleepy during biophysical force-induced tooth movement. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 48:528-540. [PMID: 33370451 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to identify a key molecule that maintains periodontal tissue homeostasis during biophysical force-induced tooth movement (BTM) by orchestrating alveolar bone (AB) remodelling. MATERIALS AND METHODS Differential display-PCR was performed to identify key molecules for BTM in rats. To investigate the localization and expression of the identified molecules, immunofluorescence, real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting were performed in rats and human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. Functional test and micro-CT analysis were performed to examine the in vivo effects of the identified molecules on BTM. RESULTS Secretory leucocyte peptidase inhibitor (SLPI) in the PDL was revealed as a key molecule for BTM-induced AB remodelling. SLPI was enhanced in the PDL under both compression and tension, and downregulated by an adenyl cyclases inhibitor. SLPI induced osteoblastogenic genes including runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and synergistically augmented tension-induced Runx2 expression. SLPI augmented mineralization in PDL cells. SLPI induced osteoclastogenic genes including receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) and synergistically augmented the compression-induced RANKL and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF) expression. Finally, the in vivo SLPI application into the AB significantly augmented BTM. CONCLUSIONS SLPI or its inhibitors might serve as a biological target molecule for therapeutic interventions to modulate BTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Young Lee
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jung-Sun Moon
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Yang
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hong-Il Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Jung
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ok-Su Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Chung
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sun-Hun Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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Ren M, Zhao Y, He Z, Lin J, Xu C, Liu F, Hu R, Deng H, Wang Y. Baicalein inhibits inflammatory response and promotes osteogenic activity in periodontal ligament cells challenged with lipopolysaccharides. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:43. [PMID: 33485352 PMCID: PMC7824944 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03213-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis is a chronic infection initiated by oral bacterial and their virulence factors, yet the severity of periodontitis is largely determined by the dysregulated host immuno-inflammatory response. Baicalein is a flavonoid extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis with promising anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to clarify the anti-inflammatory and osteogenic effects of baicalein in periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Methods Human PDLCs were incubated with baicalein (0–100 μM) for 2 h prior to LPS challenge for 24 h. MTT analysis was adopted to assess the cytoxicity of baicalein. The mRNA and protein expression of inflammatory and osteogenic markers were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as appropriate. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin red S (ARS) staining were performed to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation of PDLCs. The expression of Wnt/β-catenin and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling related proteins was assessed by western blot. Results MTT results showed that baicalein up to 100 μM had no cytotoxicity on PDLCs. Baicalein significantly attenuated the inflammatory factors induced by LPS, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), matrix metalloprotein-1 (MMP-1), MMP-2 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) at both mRNA and protein level. Moreover, MAPK signaling (ERK, JNK and p38) was significantly inhibited by baicalein, which may account for the mitigated inflammatory response. Next, we found that baicalein effectively restored the osteogenic differentiation of LPS-treated PDLCs, as shown by the increased ALP and ARS staining. Accordingly, the protein and gene expression of osteogenic markers, namely runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), collagen-I, and osterix were markedly upregulated. Importantly, baicalein could function as the Wnt/β-catenin signaling activator, which may lead to the increased osteoblastic differentiation of PDLCs. Conclusions With the limitation of the study, we provide in vitro evidence that baicalein ameliorates inflammatory response and restores osteogenesis in PDLCs challenged with LPS, indicating its potential use as the host response modulator for the management of periodontitis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-021-03213-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Ren
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya Zhao
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiqi He
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuchu Xu
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rongdang Hu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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15
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Zhao C, Chen Q, Yu S, Xu C, Li X, Zhang C, Gao L. Effect of interleukin-22 on osteogenic differentiation and the osteoclastogenic response of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts in vitro. J Periodontol 2020; 91:1085-1097. [PMID: 31950496 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-22 (IL-22) exerts extensive biological effects, playing both protective and pathological roles in autoimmune and infectious diseases. However, the specific role and mechanism of IL-22 in the pathogenesis of periodontitis have not been clarified. The aim of this study was to analyze the possible roles of IL-22 in the osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis of periodontitis. METHODS Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLFs) were treated with IL-22 and/or lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg-LPS), and the mRNA and protein expression of RANKL and OPG were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Western blotting was also used to examine the phosphorylated and total protein expression of MAPK signaling molecules. The role of the MAPK pathway in osteoclastogenesis marker expression was further confirmed by inhibition assays. For osteogenic assays, the mRNA expression of osteoblastic markers was quantified by qRT-PCR, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of hPDLFs was measured by an ALP assay, and the mineralized nodules formed by hPDLFs were determined by Alizarin Red S staining. RESULTS IL-22 promoted the expression of RANKL in hPDLFs via the MAPK signaling pathway and further upregulated RANKL expression together with Pg-LPS via the p38 MAPK pathway. IL-22 could enhance the ALP activity and mineralized nodule formation of hPDLFs in the early period of osteogenic induction, while exhibiting no profound effect on the expression of osteoblastic markers. CONCLUSION IL-22 plays regulatory roles in bone homeostasis, and it is likely to contribute to osteoclastogenesis as a proinflammatory cytokine in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjiang Zhao
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianying Chen
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaojie Yu
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenrong Xu
- Department of Periodontology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Stomatology, Stomatological Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiting Li
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Sapkota M, Gao M, Li L, Yang M, Shrestha SK, Choi H, Soh Y. Macrolactin A protects against LPS-induced bone loss by regulation of bone remodeling. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 883:173305. [PMID: 32673673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation leads to several kinds of bone diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis and Paget's disease. The imbalance between bone formations relative to bone resorption is responsible in bone remodeling. Several studies have suggested that macrolactin A (MA) has potent anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic effects in various cell types. We investigate whether macrolactin A (MA) could inhibit bone loss and enhance bone formation. We used bone marrow monocytes/macrophages (BMMs) cells to study osteoclast activity and MC3T3-E1 cells to study osteoblast activity. MA suppressed tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive multinucleated cells in a concentration-dependent manner, as well as at a specific time point. MA markedly reduced bone resorption activity and F-actin ring formation. Moreover, MA markedly suppressed receptor activator of nuclear factor k-B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenic marker genes and transcription factors in-vitro. MA repressed osteoclast differentiation via activation of the phosphoinositide kinase-3/Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) and c-Fos signaling pathways. MA enhanced pre-osteoblast cell differentiation on mineralization activity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and the expression of osteoblastogenic markers including osterix, RUNX-2, SMAD4, BMP-2, and ALP. Importantly, MA repressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory bone loss in mice as shown by TRAP staining of femurs and μCT analysis. Therefore, MA could be a promising candidate for the inhibition and management of osteoporosis, arthritis, and bone lytic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Sapkota
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, South Korea
| | - Ming Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, South Korea
| | - Liang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, South Korea
| | - Ming Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, South Korea
| | | | - Hyukjae Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, South Korea.
| | - Yunjo Soh
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, South Korea.
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Choi JY, Lee YS, Shim DM, Seo SW. Effect of GNAQ alteration on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in human non-small-cell lung cancer. Bone Joint Res 2020; 9:29-35. [PMID: 32435453 PMCID: PMC7229297 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.91.bjr-2019-0085.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) is a key molecule that is expressed in bone stromal cells and is associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in many cancers. However, cancer cells that directly express RANKL have yet to be unveiled. The current study sought to evaluate how a single subunit of G protein, guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha (GNAQ), transforms cancer cells into RANKL-expressing cancer cells. Methods We investigated the specific role of GNAQ using GNAQ wild-type cell lines (non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines; A549 cell lines), GNAQ knockdown cell lines, and patient-derived cancer cells. We evaluated GNAQ, RANKL, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB), inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB), and protein kinase B (Akt) signalling in the GNAQ wild-type and the GNAQ-knockdown cells. Osteoclastogenesis was also evaluated in both cell lines. Results In the GNAQ-knockdown cells, RANKL expression was significantly upregulated (p < 0.001). The expression levels of M-CSF were also significantly increased in the GNAQ-knockdown cells compared with control cells (p < 0.001). GNAQ knockdown cells were highly sensitive to tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and showed significant activation of the NF-κB pathway. The expression levels of RANKL were markedly increased in GNAQ mutant compared with GNAQ wild-type in patient-derived tumour tissues. Conclusion The present study reveals that the alterations of GNAQ activate NF-κB pathway in cancers, which increase RANKL and M-CSF expression and induce osteoclastogenesis in cancers. Cite this article:Bone Joint Res. 2020;9(1):29–35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yoon Choi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Sun Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Da Mi Shim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Wook Seo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
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Arita Y, Yoshinaga Y, Kaneko T, Kawahara Y, Nakamura K, Ohgi K, Arita S, Ryu T, Takase M, Sakagami R. Glyburide inhibits the bone resorption induced by traumatic occlusion in rats. J Periodontal Res 2020; 55:464-471. [PMID: 32153049 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether glyburide inhibits bone destruction caused by traumatic occlusion in a rat occlusal trauma model. BACKGROUND Excessive mechanical stress, such as traumatic occlusion, induces expression of IL-1β and may be involved in bone resorption. NLRP3 inflammasomes have been linked to IL-1β expression, but it is currently unclear whether glyburide, the inhibiter of NLRP3 inflammasome, suppresses occlusal trauma in rats. METHODS Male SD rats aged 7 weeks were used. In the trauma group, the occlusal surface of the maxillary first right molar was raised by attaching a metal wire to apply occlusal trauma to the mandibular first right molar. In the trauma + glyburide group, the NLRP3 inhibitor glyburide was administered orally every 24 hours from 1 day before induction of occlusal trauma. Rats were euthanized after 5 or 10 days, and the maxillary first molars were harvested with the adjacent tissues for histopathological investigation. Immunohistochemical expression of IL-1β, NLRP3, and RANKL was also assessed. RESULTS On day 5, bone resorption was significantly greater in the trauma group compared with the control group or the trauma + glyburide group, and there were significantly higher numbers of osteoclasts and cells positive for IL-1β, NLRP3, and RANKL in the trauma group. CONCLUSION In this study, glyburide inhibits bone resorption by traumatic occlusion in rats. It suggests that the NLRP3/IL-1β pathway might be associated with bone resorption induced by traumatic occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Arita
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasunori Yoshinaga
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan.,Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Kaneko
- Center for Oral Diseases, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuri Kawahara
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiko Nakamura
- Center for Oral Diseases, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kimiko Ohgi
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Seiichi Arita
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanori Ryu
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Minoru Takase
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryuji Sakagami
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
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Cheng R, Wu Z, Li M, Shao M, Hu T. Interleukin-1β is a potential therapeutic target for periodontitis: a narrative review. Int J Oral Sci 2020; 12:2. [PMID: 31900383 PMCID: PMC6949296 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-019-0068-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin(IL)-1β, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, was elevated and participates in periodontitis. Not only the link between IL-1β and periodontitis was proved by clinical evidence, but also the increased IL-1β triggers a series of inflammatory reactions and promotes bone resorption. Currently, IL-1β blockage has been therapeutic strategies for autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, gout and type II diabetes mellitus. It is speculated that IL-1β be a potential therapeutic target for periodontitis. The review focuses on the production, mechanism, present treatments and future potential strategies for IL-1β in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiwu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meiying Shao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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20
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Omi M, Mishina Y. Role of osteoclasts in oral homeostasis and jawbone diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 18:14-27. [PMID: 34220275 DOI: 10.1002/osi2.1078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The jawbone is a unique structure as it serves multiple functions in mastication. Given the fact that the jawbone is remodeled faster than other skeletal bones, bone cells in the jawbone may respond differently to local and systemic cues to regulate bone remodeling and adaptation. Osteoclasts are bone cells responsible for removing old bone, playing an essential role in bone remodeling. Although bone resorption by osteoclasts is required for dental tissue development, homeostasis and repair, excessive osteoclast activity is associated with oral skeletal diseases such as periodontitis. In addition, antiresorptive medications used to prevent bone homeostasis of tumors can cause osteonecrosis of the jaws that is a major concern to the dentist. Therefore, understanding of the role of osteoclasts in oral homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions leads to better targeted therapeutic options for skeletal diseases to maintain patients' oral health. Here, we highlight the unique features of the jawbone compared to the long bone and the involvement of osteoclasts in the jawbone-specific diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Omi
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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21
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Wang J, Chen G, Zhang Q, Zhao F, Yu X, Ma X, Liu M. Phillyrin Attenuates Osteoclast Formation and Function and Prevents LPS-Induced Osteolysis in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1188. [PMID: 31680965 PMCID: PMC6811733 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As the sole cell type responsible for bone resorption, osteoclasts play a pivotal role in a variety of lytic bone diseases. Suppression of osteoclast formation and activation has been proposed as an effective protective therapy for new bone. In this study, we reported for the first time that phillyrin (Phil), an active ingredient extracted from forsythia, significantly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in vitro and protected against lipopolysaccharide-induced osteolysis in vivo. Further molecular investigations demonstrated that Phil effectively blocked RANKL-induced activations of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase, which suppressed the expression of c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1. Taken together, these data suggested that Phil might be a potential antiosteoclastogenesis agent for treating osteoclast-related bone lytic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fuli Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolu Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuemei Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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22
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The role of bone cells in immune regulation during the course of infection. Semin Immunopathol 2019; 41:619-626. [PMID: 31552472 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-019-00755-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bone homeostasis depends on a balance between osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation. Bone cells are regulated by a variety of biochemical factors, such as hormones and cytokines, as well as various types of physical stress. The immune system affects bone, since such factors are dysregulated under pathologic conditions, including infection. The bone marrow, one of the primary lymphoid organs, provides a special microenvironment that supports the function and differentiation of immune cells and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Thus, bone cells contribute to immune regulation by modulating immune cell differentiation and/or function through the maintenance of the bone marrow microenvironment. Although osteoblasts were first reported as the population that supports HSCs, the role of osteoblast-lineage cells in hematopoiesis has been shown to be more limited than previously expected. Osteoblasts are specifically involved in the differentiation of lymphoid cells under physiological and pathological conditions. It is of critical importance how bone cells are modified during inflammation and/or infection and how such modification affects the immune system.
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23
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Blufstein A, Behm C, Gahn J, Uitz O, Naumovska I, Moritz A, Rausch-Fan X, Andrukhov O. Synergistic effects triggered by simultaneous Toll-like receptor-2 and -3 activation in human periodontal ligament stem cells. J Periodontol 2019; 90:1190-1201. [PMID: 31049957 PMCID: PMC6852053 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Although periodontitis is associated with disruption of the host‐microbial homeostasis, viruses are currently discussed to influence disease progression. Viral pathogens are recognized by Toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐3, which engages a different signaling pathway than other TLRs. This study aimed to investigate the effect of TLR‐3 agonist polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) on the expression of inflammatory markers and bone metabolism proteins by human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) compared with TLR‐2 agonist Pam3CSK4, which mimics the effect of bacterial lipoproteins. To assess potential combined effects of bacterial and viral infections, hPDLSCs response to simultaneous TLR‐2 and TLR‐3 activation was investigated. Methods HPDLSCs were stimulated with Poly I:C (0.0001‐1 µg/mL), Pam3CSK4 (1 µg/mL), and their combinations for 24 hours. Gene expression and protein levels of interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)‐1, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were measured with qPCR and ELISA. Results Production of IL‐6, IL‐8, MCP‐1, and OPG was significantly increased by Poly I:C or Pam3CSK4 to a similar extent. The levels of all inflammatory mediators induced by simultaneous stimulation with Poly I:C and Pam3CSK4 were significantly higher compared with single stimuli as well as to their summed response. Gene expression and protein levels of OPG were enhanced by Poly I:C, but by lesser extent than by Pam3CSK4. OPG levels upon simultaneous stimulation with Pam3CSK4 and Poly I:C were significantly lower compared with Pam3CSK4 stimulation alone. Conclusions Simultaneous TLR‐2 and TLR‐3 activation synergistically triggers IL‐6, IL‐8, and MCP‐1 production, which was not observed for OPG. These findings suggest that TLR‐3 activation by viral infections might promote periodontitis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Blufstein
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Behm
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Gahn
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oksana Uitz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivana Naumovska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiaohui Rausch-Fan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oleh Andrukhov
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Kusuyama J, Nakamura T, Ohnishi T, Albertson BG, Ebe Y, Eiraku N, Noguchi K, Matsuguchi T. Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound promotes bone morphogenic protein 9‐induced osteogenesis and suppresses inhibitory effects of inflammatory cytokines on cellular responses via Rho‐associated kinase 1 in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:14657-14669. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joji Kusuyama
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Field of Developmental Medicine Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima Japan
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
| | - Toshiaki Nakamura
- Department of Periodontology, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima Japan
| | - Tomokazu Ohnishi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Field of Developmental Medicine Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima Japan
| | - Brent G. Albertson
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
| | - Yukari Ebe
- Department of Periodontology, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima Japan
- Division of Clinical Engineering, Department of Dental Hygiene Kagoshima University Hospital Kagoshima Japan
| | - Nahoko Eiraku
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
- Department of Periodontology, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Noguchi
- Department of Periodontology, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima Japan
| | - Tetsuya Matsuguchi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Field of Developmental Medicine Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima Japan
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Ihn HJ, Lee T, Lee D, Bae JS, Kim SH, Jang IH, Bae YC, Shin HI, Park EK. Inhibitory Effect of KP-A038 on Osteoclastogenesis and Inflammatory Bone Loss Is Associated With Downregulation of Blimp1. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:367. [PMID: 31024321 PMCID: PMC6467953 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive osteoclastic activity results in pathological bone resorptive diseases, such as osteoporosis, periodontitis, and rheumatoid arthritis. As imidazole-containing compounds possess extensive therapeutic potential for the management of diverse diseases, we synthesized a series of imidazole derivatives and investigated their effects on osteoclast differentiation and function. In the present study, we found that a novel imidazole derivative, KP-A038, suppressed receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-mediated osteoclastogenesis and bone-resorbing activity in vitro and attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone destruction in vivo. KP-A038 significantly inhibited the induction of nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) and the expression of its target genes, including tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (Acp5), cathepsin K (Ctsk), dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (Dcstamp), and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (Mmp9). KP-A038 upregulated the expression of negative regulators of osteoclast differentiation, such as interferon regulatory factor-8 (Irf8) and B-cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl6). Consistently, KP-A038 downregulated the expression of B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp1 encoded by Prdm1), a repressor for Irf8 and Bcl6. Moreover, administration of KP-A038 reduced LPS-induced bone erosion by suppressing osteoclast formation in vivo. Thus, our findings suggest that KP-A038 may serve as an effective therapeutic agent for the treatment and/or prevention of bone loss in pathological bone diseases, including osteoporosis and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jung Ihn
- Institute for Hard Tissue and Bio-tooth Regeneration, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Taeho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Doohyun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Il Ho Jang
- Department of Oral Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Yong Chul Bae
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hong-In Shin
- Department of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Institute for Hard Tissue and Bio-tooth Regeneration, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eui Kyun Park
- Department of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Institute for Hard Tissue and Bio-tooth Regeneration, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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Kishikawa A, Kitaura H, Kimura K, Ogawa S, Qi J, Shen WR, Ohori F, Noguchi T, Marahleh A, Nara Y, Ichimura A, Mizoguchi I. Docosahexaenoic Acid Inhibits Inflammation-Induced Osteoclast Formation and Bone Resorption in vivo Through GPR120 by Inhibiting TNF-α Production in Macrophages and Directly Inhibiting Osteoclast Formation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:157. [PMID: 30949128 PMCID: PMC6436080 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an n-3 fatty acid that is an important structural component of the cell membrane. DHA exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects through G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120), which is a functional receptor for n-3 fatty acids. DHA also regulates osteoclast formation and function. However, no studies have investigated the effect of DHA on inflammation-induced osteoclast formation in vivo. In the present study, we investigated whether DHA influences osteoclast formation, bone resorption and the expression of osteoclast-associated cytokines during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in vivo, and then we elucidated the underlying mechanisms by using in vitro experiments. In vitro experiments revealed both receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL)- and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced osteoclast formation was inhibited by DHA. Supracalvarial administration of LPS with or without DHA was carried out for 5 days and then the number of osteoclasts, ratio of bone resorption pits and the level of type I collagen C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide were measured. All measurements were significantly lower in LPS+DHA-co-administered mice than LPS-administered mice. However, this DHA-induced inhibition was not observed in LPS-, DHA-, and selective GPR120 antagonist AH7614-co-administered mice. Furthermore, the expression of RANKL and TNF-α mRNAs was lower in the LPS+DHA-co-administered group than in the LPS-administered group in vivo. TNF-α mRNA levels were decreased in macrophages co-treated with LPS+DHA compared with cells treated with LPS in vitro. In contrast, RANKL mRNA expression levels from osteoblasts co-treated with DHA and LPS in vitro were equal to that in cells treated with LPS alone. Finally, the inhibitory effects of DHA on osteoclast formation in vitro were not observed by using osteoclast precursors from GPR120-deficient mice, and inhibition of LPS-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption by DHA in vivo was not observed in GPR120-deficient mice. These results suggest that DHA inhibits LPS-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption in vivo via GPR120 by inhibiting LPS-induced TNF-α production in macrophages along with direct inhibition of osteoclast formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Kishikawa
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideki Kitaura
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hideki Kitaura
| | - Keisuke Kimura
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Saika Ogawa
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jiawei Qi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Wei-Ren Shen
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Ohori
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takahiro Noguchi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Aseel Marahleh
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Nara
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Ichimura
- Department of Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Keihanshin Consortium for Fostering the Next Generation of Global Leaders in Research, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Itaru Mizoguchi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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27
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Scutellarein inhibits RANKL‐induced osteoclast formation in vitro and prevents LPS‐induced bone loss in vivo. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:11951-11959. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Fan C, Zhang X, Upton Z. Anti-inflammatory effects of shikonin in human periodontal ligament cells. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:415-421. [PMID: 30392422 PMCID: PMC7011859 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1506482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Shikonin (SHI), an active component extracted from Radix Arnebiae, has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties in various cells. However, its effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) is unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of SHI on the expression of inflammatory related cytokines in LPS-stimulated hPDLCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of SHI (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 μg/mL) on hPDLCs proliferation for 1, 3 and 7 days were measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The expression of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were detected in hPDLCs following SHI treatment (0.25 and 0.5 μg/mL) using Quantitative Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). The signaling pathways triggered by SHI in hPDLC were evaluated using western blotting. RESULTS LD50 of SHI is 1.7 μg/mL (day 1) and 1.1 μg/mL (day 3 and 7) in hPDLCs. No morphological changes were observed when hPDLCs were treated with LPS only (1 μg/mL) or LPS with SHI (0.25 and 0.5 μg/mL). Data from qRT-PCR suggests that SHI attenuates LPS-induced increases of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, MMP-2, MMP-9 and COX-2 in hPDLCs. Down-regulation of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and up-regulation of I-κB, were observed in LPS-stimulated hPDLCs after exposed to SHI at 0.25 or 0.5 μg/mL. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS SHI possesses anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated hPDLCs via phospho-ERK and NF-κB/I-κB signaling pathways; this suggests that SHI may hold potential as an anti-inflammatory agent against periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Fan
- Tissue Repair and Regeneration Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Xufang Zhang
- Tissue Repair and Regeneration Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zee Upton
- Tissue Repair and Regeneration Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore
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Lee JH, Kim H, Shim JH, Park J, Lee SK, Park KK, Chung WY. Platycarya strobilacea leaf extract inhibits tumor necrosis factor-α production and bone loss induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis-derived lipopolysaccharide. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 96:46-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Ishida M, Shen WR, Kimura K, Kishikawa A, Shima K, Ogawa S, Qi J, Ohori F, Noguchi T, Marahleh A, Kitaura H. DPP-4 inhibitor impedes lipopolysaccharide-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:242-253. [PMID: 30396082 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibition is a new therapeutic strategy for type 2 diabetic patients. DPP-4 has been reported to enhance inflammation. However, the effect of DPP-4 inhibition on inflammation remains unknown. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a strong inducer of inflammation and osteoclast formation. In this study, we investigated in vivo effects of DPP-4 inhibition on LPS-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption, as well as in vitro effects of DPP-4 inhibition on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and TNF-α-induced osteoclastogenesis. METHODS LPS with or without a DPP-4 inhibitor was subcutaneously injected into mouse calvaria for 5 days. Histological sections of calvaria were stained for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and osteoclast numbers were determined. The ratio of calvaria bone resorption was evaluated via microfocal computed tomography reconstruction images. RESULTS Osteoclast number and bone resorption were significantly lower in mice that underwent LPS and DPP-4 inhibitor co-administration than in those that underwent LPS administration alone. Moreover, RANKL, TNF-α, and M-CSF expression was reduced in the LPS and DPP-4 inhibitor co-administration group. In vitro, there were no direct effects of DPP-4 inhibitor or DPP-4 on RANKL- and TNF-α-induced osteoclastogenesis, or on LPS-induced RANKL expression in stromal cells. Nevertheless, macrophages from LPS and DPP-4 inhibitor co-administered mice exhibited lower TNF-α expression than macrophages from LPS-only mice. Notably, TNF-α expression was not reduced in LPS and DPP-4 inhibitor co-treated macrophages in vitro, compared with macrophages treated with LPS alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Ishida
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Wei-Ren Shen
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kimura
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Akiko Kishikawa
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shima
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Saika Ogawa
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Jiawei Qi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Ohori
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takahiro Noguchi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Aseel Marahleh
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hideki Kitaura
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
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Shima K, Kimura K, Ishida M, Kishikawa A, Ogawa S, Qi J, Shen WR, Ohori F, Noguchi T, Marahleh A, Kitaura H. C-X-C Motif Chemokine 12 Enhances Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Osteoclastogenesis and Bone Resorption In Vivo. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 103:431-442. [PMID: 29845409 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0435-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12) belongs to the family of CXC chemokines. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces inflammation-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, and in recent years, stimulatory effects of CXCL12 on bone resorption have also been reported. In the present study, we investigated the effects of CXCL12 on LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. LPS was administered with or without CXCL12 onto mouse calvariae by daily subcutaneous injection. Numbers of osteoclasts and bone resorption were significantly elevated in mice co-administered LPS and CXCL12 compared with mice administered LPS alone. Moreover, receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA levels were higher in mice co-administered LPS and CXCL12 compared with mice administered LPS alone. These in vitro results confirmed a direct stimulatory effect of CXCL12 on RANKL- and TNF-α-induced osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, TNF-α and RANKL mRNA levels were elevated in macrophages and osteoblasts, respectively, co-treated in vitro with CXCL12 and LPS, in comparison with cells treated with LPS alone. Our results suggest that CXCL12 enhances LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in vivo through a combination of increasing LPS-induced TNF-α production by macrophages, increasing RANKL production by osteoblasts, and direct enhancement of osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Shima
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kimura
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ishida
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Akiko Kishikawa
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Saika Ogawa
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Jiawei Qi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Wei-Ren Shen
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Ohori
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takahiro Noguchi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Aseel Marahleh
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hideki Kitaura
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
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Kobayashi H, Ukai T, Shiraishi C, Ozaki Y, Yoshimura A, Hara Y. T cell and periosteum cooperation in osteoclastogenesis induced by lipopolysaccharide injection in transplanted mouse tibia. J Dent Sci 2018; 13:226-233. [PMID: 30895125 PMCID: PMC6388806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose We previously reported that injedctions of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the gingiva of mice induce inflammatory bone resorption that actively involved T cells. Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), which is an essential factor for osteoclastogenesis, was reportedly produced by osteoblasts, fibroblasts, and T cells in vitro; however, it has not been established which cells affect osteoclastogenesis in vivo. Here we determined the roles of T cells and the periosteum on osteoclastogenesis in LPS-induced inflammatory bone resorption. Materials and methods Thirty-five BALB/c (wild-type: WT) and 10 BALB/c-nu/nu (nude: Nu) mice congenitally lacking T cells were used. Using inbred WT mice, tibias were transplanted with and without the periostea [(+) and (−), respectively, n = 15 per group] into the dorsal subcutaneous connective tissue of WT or Nu mice. Each group received four injections around the transplanted site: experimental groups were injected with LPS, and control groups were injected with phosphate-buffered saline. Isolated tissues were prepared for histopathological observation of the transplanted bone surface. Results Many infiltrating inflammatory cells were present near the surface of the tibias in the LPS-injected groups. Only the WT (+) LPS group showed osteoclasts. The number of mononuclear preosteoclasts and RANKL-positive cells was highest in the WT (+) LPS group, and there were no significant differences among the other three groups. Conclusion T cells and the periosteum are closely involved in osteoclastogenesis in inflammatory bone resorption in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kobayashi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Ukai
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Chiaki Shiraishi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yukio Ozaki
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Atsutoshi Yoshimura
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hara
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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The Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Exendin-4 Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Osteoclast Formation and Bone Resorption via Inhibition of TNF- α Expression in Macrophages. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:5783639. [PMID: 29725604 PMCID: PMC5872659 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5783639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are an effective treatment approach for type 2 diabetes. Recently, anti-inflammatory effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists have also been reported. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces inflammation and osteoclast formation. In this study, we investigated the effect of exendin-4, a widely used GLP-1 receptor agonist, in LPS-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption. LPS with or without exendin-4 was administered on mouse calvariae by daily subcutaneous injection. The number of osteoclasts, the ratio of bone resorption pits, and the level of C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) were significantly lower in LPS- and exendin-4-coadministered mice than in mice administered with LPS alone. RANKL and TNF-α mRNA expression levels were lower in the exendin-4- and LPS-coadministered group than in the LPS-administered group. Our in vitro results showed no direct effects of exendin-4 on RANKL-induced osteoclast formation, TNF-α-induced osteoclast formation, or LPS-induced RANKL expression in stromal cells. Conversely, TNF-α mRNA expression was inhibited in the exendin-4- and LPS-cotreated macrophages compared with cells treated with LPS alone. These results indicate that the GLP-1 receptor agonist exendin-4 may inhibit LPS-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption by inhibiting LPS-induced TNF-α production in macrophages.
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Irwandi RA, Khonsuphap P, Limlawan P, Vacharaksa A. miR‐302a‐3p regulates RANKL expression in human mandibular osteoblast‐like cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:4372-4381. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rizky A. Irwandi
- Research Unit on Oral Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of DentistryChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
- Department of MicrobiologyFaculty of DentistryChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Pakchisa Khonsuphap
- Research Unit on Oral Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of DentistryChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
- Department of MicrobiologyFaculty of DentistryChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
- Research Unit of Mineralized TissueFaculty of DentistryChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Pirawish Limlawan
- Research Unit on Oral Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of DentistryChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
- Department of MicrobiologyFaculty of DentistryChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Anjalee Vacharaksa
- Research Unit on Oral Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of DentistryChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
- Department of MicrobiologyFaculty of DentistryChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
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Takamori A, Yoshinaga Y, Ukai T, Nakamura H, Takamori Y, Izumi S, Shiraishi C, Hara Y. Topical application of glycyrrhetinic acid in the gingival sulcus inhibits attachment loss in lipopolysaccharide-induced experimental periodontitis in rats. J Periodontal Res 2018; 53:422-429. [PMID: 29446076 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Attachment loss of the junctional epithelium and alveolar bone destruction are signs of periodontitis, which is mainly caused by an inflammatory response to dental plaque. Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), a component of the licorice herb, has been shown to have important anti-inflammatory activities; however, there are no previous reports on the ability of its inhibitory effects to prevent periodontal diseases. Hence, in this study, using our experimental periodontitis model, we attempted to evaluate whether GA had an effect on the prevention of attachment loss and alveolar bone loss. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rats were intraperitoneally immunized with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The LPS group (n = 5) received 3 topical applications of 50 μg/μL of LPS followed by one application of the vehicle (propylene glycol:ethyl alcohol:phosphate-buffered saline [PBS] = 8:1:1) into the gingival sulcus. This protocol was repeated twice per day for 10 days. The low (n = 5) and high (n = 5) groups received topical application of LPS and 0.03% or 0.3% GA, respectively. The control group received topical application of PBS and vehicle. The rats were killed on the 10th day. Attachment loss, alveolar bone level and inflammatory cell infiltration were investigated histometrically. The formation of immune complexes and infiltration of LPS were evaluated immunohistologically. RESULTS Attachment loss, formation of immune complexes and infiltration of inflammatory cells were increased in the LPS group compared with the control group, and were completely inhibited in the low and high groups compared with the LPS group. The LPS group showed greater alveolar bone destruction compared with the control group and GA-treated groups. In addition, invasion of LPS was detected in the LPS group, was absent in the control group and was weaker in the GA-treated groups than in the LPS group. CONCLUSION In the present study, we showed that GA inhibits periodontal destruction in the rat experimental periodontitis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Takamori
- Department of Periodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Y Yoshinaga
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - T Ukai
- Department of Periodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - H Nakamura
- Department of Periodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Y Takamori
- Department of Periodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - S Izumi
- Department of Periodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - C Shiraishi
- Department of Periodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Y Hara
- Department of Periodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Xie Y, Sun M, Xia Y, Shu R. An RNA-seq screen of P. gingivalis LPS treated human gingival fibroblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 88:77-84. [PMID: 29407755 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In gingival tissues, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is the most critical stimulator for inducing inflammatory response. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) are the major constituents of gingival connective tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate P. gingivalis LPS induced whole transcriptional profile in HGFs and the potential crosstalk between microRNAs (miRNAs) and inflammatory cytokines. METHODS RNA-seq was performed on HGFs with and without P. gingivalis LPS treatment. The gene expression of selected inflammatory cytokines and miRNAs induced by LPS at different time points was evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR. The protein expression of chemokines was further confirmed by ELISA. RESULTS Interestingly, most of the significantly changed genes (198/204) were up-regulated at 4 h after 10 μg/ml LPS stimulation, including inflammatory cytokines and miRNAs. Confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR, the mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 showed single up-regulation peak (4 h/6 h) after 1 μg/ml and 10 μg/ml LPS treatment. Similarly, 1 μg/ml LPS induced single up-regulation peak (8 h) of miRNA-146a, -146b and -155 expression. However, 10 μg/ml LPS induced the increased expression of miRNA-146a and -155 at both early stage (2 h/4 h) and late stage (24 h). CONCLUSION Taken together, we investigated P. gingivalis LPS induced whole transcriptional profile, and the different behaviors of miRNA expression induced by different doses of LPS in HGFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Xie
- Department of Periodontology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengjun Sun
- Department of Periodontology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiru Xia
- Department of Periodontology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Shu
- Department of Periodontology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
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Kim JH, Kim AR, Choi YH, Jang S, Woo GH, Cha JH, Bak EJ, Yoo YJ. Tumor necrosis factor-α antagonist diminishes osteocytic RANKL and sclerostin expression in diabetes rats with periodontitis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189702. [PMID: 29240821 PMCID: PMC5730195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes with periodontitis shows elevated TNF-α expression. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α stimulates the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and sclerostin. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of TNF-α expression of osteocytic RANKL and sclerostin in type 1 diabetes rats with periodontitis using infliximab (IFX), a TNF-α antagonist. Rats were divided into two timepoint groups: day 3 and day 20. Each timepoint group was then divided into four subgroups: 1) control (C, n = 6 for each time point); 2) periodontitis (P, n = 6 for each time point); 3) diabetes with periodontitis (DP, n = 8 for each time point); and 4) diabetes with periodontitis treated with IFX (DP+IFX, n = 8 for each time point). To induce type 1 diabetes, rats were injected with streptozotocin (50 mg/kg dissolved in 0.1 M citrate buffer). Periodontitis was then induced by ligature of the mandibular first molars at day 7 after STZ injection (day 0). IFX was administered once for the 3 day group (on day 0) and twice for the 20 day group (on days 7 and 14). The DP group showed greater alveolar bone loss than the P group on day 20 (P = 0.020). On day 3, higher osteoclast formation and RANKL-positive osteocytes in P group (P = 0.000 and P = 0.011, respectively) and DP group (P = 0.006 and P = 0.017, respectively) than those in C group were observed. However, there was no significant difference in osteoclast formation or RANKL-positive osteocytes between P and DP groups. The DP+IFX group exhibited lower alveolar bone loss (P = 0.041), osteoclast formation (P = 0.019), and RANKL-positive osteocytes (P = 0.009) than that of the DP group. On day 20, DP group showed a lower osteoid area (P = 0.001) and more sclerostin-positive osteocytes (P = 0.000) than P group. On days 3 and 20, the DP+IFX group showed more osteoid area (P = 0.048 and 0.040, respectively) but lower sclerostin-positive osteocytes (both P = 0.000) than DP group. Taken together, these results suggest that TNF-α antagonist can diminish osteocytic RANKL/sclerostin expression and osteoclast formation, eventually recovering osteoid formation. Therefore, TNF-α might mediate alveolar bone loss via inducing expression of osteocytic RANKL and sclerostin in type 1 diabetes rats with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Kim
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Ri Kim
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hui Choi
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungil Jang
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gye-Hyeong Woo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Semyung University, Jecheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Heon Cha
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Bak
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (YJY); (EJB)
| | - Yun-Jung Yoo
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (YJY); (EJB)
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Song L, Li J, Yuan X, Liu W, Chen Z, Guo D, Yang F, Guo Q, Song H. Carbon monoxide-releasing molecule suppresses inflammatory and osteoclastogenic cytokines in nicotine- and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human periodontal ligament cells via the heme oxygenase-1 pathway. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1591-1601. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Wei C, Liu Q, Song F, Lin X, Su Y, Xu J, Huang L, Zong S, Zhao J. Artesunate inhibits RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in vitro and prevents LPS‐induced bone loss in vivo. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:476-485. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng‐Ming Wei
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative MedicineGuangxi Medical UniversityGuangxiChina
- Orthopaedic DepartmentThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityGuangxi Medical UniversityGuangxiChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangxi Biological MedicineGuangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Qian Liu
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative MedicineGuangxi Medical UniversityGuangxiChina
- Orthopaedic DepartmentThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityGuangxi Medical UniversityGuangxiChina
| | - Fang‐Ming Song
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative MedicineGuangxi Medical UniversityGuangxiChina
| | - Xi‐Xi Lin
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative MedicineGuangxi Medical UniversityGuangxiChina
| | - Yi‐Ji Su
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangxi Biological MedicineGuangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
- Rehabilitation DepartmentThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityGuangxi Medical UniversityGuangxiChina
| | - Jiake Xu
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative MedicineGuangxi Medical UniversityGuangxiChina
- School of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Spine SurgeryDepartment of Orthopedics, Research Center of Spinal and Pelvic TumorSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Shao‐Hui Zong
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative MedicineGuangxi Medical UniversityGuangxiChina
- Orthopaedic DepartmentThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityGuangxi Medical UniversityGuangxiChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangxi Biological MedicineGuangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Jin‐Min Zhao
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative MedicineGuangxi Medical UniversityGuangxiChina
- Orthopaedic DepartmentThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityGuangxi Medical UniversityGuangxiChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangxi Biological MedicineGuangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
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Wang X, Sun H, Liao H, Wang C, Jiang C, Zhang Y, Cao Z. MicroRNA-155-3p Mediates TNF-α-Inhibited Cementoblast Differentiation. J Dent Res 2017; 96:1430-1437. [PMID: 28692806 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517718790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- X. Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - H. Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - H. Liao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - C. Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - C. Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Y. Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Z. Cao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Li M, Zhang C, Jin L, Matsuo K, Yang Y. Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide regulates ephrin/Eph signalling in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. J Periodontal Res 2017; 52:913-921. [PMID: 28590061 PMCID: PMC5600103 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective EphrinA2‐EphA2 and ephrinB2‐EphB4 critically engage in bidirectional signalling to modulate alveolar bone remodelling. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis on ephrin/Eph signalling in periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs). Material and Methods The primary cultured PDLFs were incubated in the absence (as a control) or presence of P. gingivalisLPS at 0.001‐10 μg/mL for 24 hours. The PDLFs were then stimulated with P. gingivalisLPS at the optimal concentration (0.1 μg/mL) for different periods (6‐48 hours). The expression of ephrinA2, ephrinB2, EphA2 and EphB4 was assessed by quantitative reverse‐transcription real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The osteoblastic markers alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and Runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and the osteoclastogenesis‐related factors receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin were also evaluated. Results The ephrinA2 and EphA2 expression was upregulated and EphB4 expression was downregulated by stimulation of P. gingivalisLPS. EphrinA2 mRNA expression in the PDLFs was significantly upregulated from 12 to 48 hours (P<.05), whereas EphA2 exhibited no change for the first 24 hours, after which there was a significant increase at 48 hours (P<.05). EphB4 exhibited lower mRNA expression at 12 and 24 hours than did the control (P<.05), but the change was insignificant at 48 hours. In contrast, the expression of ephrinB2 remained unchanged. The expressions of ephrinA2, EphA2, ephrinB2 and EphB4 at the protein level showed a similar pattern to that at the mRNA level. The expression of Runx2 and osteocalcin significantly decreased, whereas that of RANKL/osteoprotegerin increased. Conclusion The present study suggest that P. gingivalisLPS would contribute to a dysregulation of bone remodelling, whereby ephrinA2/EphA2 expression is stimulated and EphB4 expression is inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Li
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - C Zhang
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - L Jin
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - K Matsuo
- Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Yang
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Kang W, Wang T, Hu Z, Liu F, Sun Y, Ge S. Metformin Inhibits Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide-Influenced Inflammatory Response in Human Gingival Fibroblasts via Regulating Activating Transcription Factor-3 Expression. J Periodontol 2017; 88:e169-e178. [PMID: 28548885 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2017.170168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic periodontitis, one of the most prevalent oral diseases, is associated with Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infection and has profound effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2DM). Metformin, a well-known antidiabetic agent, has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects on various cells. This study aims to investigate the role of metformin on LPS-influenced inflammatory response in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). METHODS Dose-dependent additive effects of metformin on LPS-influenced HGFs were detected. Cell-counting assay was used to determine effects of metformin and LPS on viability of HGFs. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were applied to detect levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in differently treated cells. Activating transcription factor-3 (ATF3) small interfering (si)RNA transfection was used to determine the mechanism of metformin action, and the transfection efficiency was observed by fluorescence microscope. Effects of ATF3 knockdown were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS Results showed that 5 μg/mL Pg LPS and 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mM metformin exhibited no toxicity to HGFs, and metformin inhibited LPS-influenced IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α production in a dose-dependent manner. Metformin and LPS could synergistically facilitate ATF3 expression, and ATF3 knockdown abolished inhibitory effects of metformin on LPS-influenced inflammatory cytokine production in HGFs. CONCLUSION The present study confirms that metformin suppresses LPS-enhanced IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α production in HGFs via increasing ATF3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Kang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong, Jinan, China.,Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University
| | - Ting Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong, Jinan, China.,Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University
| | - Zhekai Hu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Shandong University
| | - Yundong Sun
- Department of Microbiology, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Shaohua Ge
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong, Jinan, China.,Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University
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Park HJ, Baek K, Baek JH, Kim HR. TNFα Increases RANKL Expression via PGE₂-Induced Activation of NFATc1. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030495. [PMID: 28245593 PMCID: PMC5372511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) is known to upregulate the expression of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). We investigated the role of the calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) signaling pathway in TNFα-induced RANKL expression in C2C12 and primary cultured mouse calvarial cells. TNFα-induced RANKL expression was blocked by the calcineurin/NFAT pathway inhibitors. TNFα increased NFAT transcriptional activity and subsequent RANKL promoter binding. Mutations in the NFAT-binding element (MT(N)) suppressed TNFα-induced RANKL promoter activity. TNFα increased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, which in turn enhanced NFAT transcriptional activity and binding to the RANKL promoter. MT(N) suppressed PGE2-induced RANKL promoter activity. TNFα and PGE2 increased the expression of RANKL, NFAT cytoplasmic-1 (NFATc1), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2); which increment was suppressed by indomethacin, a COX inhibitor. Mutations in the CRE-like element blocked PGE2-induced RANKL promoter activity. PGE2 induced the binding of CREB to the RANKL promoter, whereas TNFα increased the binding of both CREB and NFATc1 to this promoter through a process blocked by indomethacin. The PGE2 receptor antagonists AH6809 and AH23848 blocked TNFα-induced expression of RANKL, NFATc1, and CREB; transcriptional activity of NFAT; and binding of NFATc1 or CREB to the RANKL promoter. These results suggest that TNFα-induced RANKL expression depends on PGE2 production and subsequent transcriptional activation/enhanced binding of NFATc1 and CREB to the RANKL promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jung Park
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Kyunghwa Baek
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Dentistry and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangwon-do 25457, Korea.
| | - Jeong-Hwa Baek
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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Li XY, Yang X, Zhao QD, Han ZP, Liang L, Pan XR, Zhu JN, Li R, Wu MC, Wei LX. Lipopolysaccharide promotes tumorigenicity of hepatic progenitor cells by promoting proliferation and blocking normal differentiation. Cancer Lett 2017; 386:35-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Usui M, Okamatsu Y, Sato T, Hanatani T, Moritani Y, Sano K, Yamamoto M, Nakashima K. Thymus-expressed chemokine enhances Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS-induced osteoclast formation via NFATc1 activation. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 66:77-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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IL-37 inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption in vivo. Immunol Lett 2016; 175:8-15. [PMID: 27154248 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
IL-37 is a newly defined member of the IL-1 cytokine family. It has been reported that IL-37 inhibited innate immunity and inflammatory responses in autoimmune diseases and tumors. IL-37 also inhibited Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced immunological reaction. LPS is a bacterial cell wall component that is capable of inducing osteoclast formation and pathological bone resorption. However, there is no study to investigate the effect of IL-37 on LPS-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of IL-37 in LPS-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption. LPS was administrated with or without IL-37 by subcutaneous injection on mice calvariae. The number of osteoclasts, the level of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and cathepsin K mRNA, the ratio of the bone resorption pits and the level of C-terminal telopeptide fragments of type I collagen cross-Links as a marker of bone resorption in mice administrated both LPS and IL-37 were lower than that in mice administrated LPS alone. Real-time RT-PCR was performed to analyze osteoclast related cytokines RANKL, TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA levels in vivo. RANKL, TNF-α and IL-1β mRNAs were increased in the LPS alone administrated mice as compared with PBS administrated groups. On the other hand, RANKL, TNF-α and IL-1β mRNAs were inhibited in the IL-37 and LPS administrated mice as compared with LPS alone administrated group. In vitro analysis, there was no effect of IL-37 in RANKL-induced osteoclast formation, TNF-α-induced osteoclast formation and cell viability from bone marrow macrophages as osteoclast precursor and LPS-induced RANKL expression from stromal cells. These results indicated that IL-37 inhibited LPS-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption via inhibition of LPS-induced osteoclast related cytokines, but might not directly inhibit osteoclast formation on osteoclast precursor and RANKL expression on stromal cells.
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Abstract
The mineralized structure of bone undergoes constant remodeling by the balanced actions of bone-producing osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts (OCLs). Physiologic bone remodeling occurs in response to the body's need to respond to changes in electrolyte levels, or mechanical forces on bone. There are many pathological conditions, however, that cause an imbalance between bone production and resorption due to excessive OCL action that results in net bone loss. Situations involving chronic or acute inflammation are often associated with net bone loss, and research into understanding the mechanisms regulating this bone loss has led to the development of the field of osteoimmunology. It is now evident that the skeletal and immune systems are functionally linked and share common cells and signaling molecules. This review discusses the signaling system of immune cells and cytokines regulating aberrant OCL differentiation and activity. The role of these cells and cytokines in the bone loss occurring in periodontal disease (PD) (chronic inflammation) and orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) (acute inflammation) is then described. The review finishes with an exploration of the emerging role of Notch signaling in the development of the immune cells and OCLs that are involved in osteoimmunological bone loss and the research into Notch signaling in OTM and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Tompkins
- a Research Unit of Mineralized Tissue, Faculty of Dentistry , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
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Zhu X, Gao JJ, Landao-Bassonga E, Pavlos NJ, Qin A, Steer JH, Zheng MH, Dong Y, Cheng TS. Thonzonium bromide inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption in vitro and prevents LPS-induced bone loss in vivo. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 104:118-30. [PMID: 26906912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts (OCs) play a pivotal role in a variety of lytic bone diseases including osteoporosis, arthritis, bone tumors, Paget's disease and the aseptic loosening of orthopedic implants. The primary focus for the development of bone-protective therapies in these diseases has centered on the suppression of OC formation and function. In this study we report that thonzonium bromide (TB), a monocationic surface-active agent, inhibited RANKL-induced OC formation, the appearance of OC-specific marker genes and bone-resorbing activity in vitro. Mechanistically, TB blocked the RANKL-induced activation of NF-κB, ERK and c-Fos as well as the induction of NFATc1 which is essential for OC formation. TB disrupted F-actin ring formation resulting in disturbances in cytoskeletal structure in mature OCs during bone resorption. Furthermore, TB exhibited protective effects in an in vivo murine model of LPS-induced calvarial osteolysis. Collectively, these data suggest that TB might be a useful alternative therapy in preventing or treating osteolytic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhu
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics, Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jun J Gao
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Euphemie Landao-Bassonga
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Nathan J Pavlos
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - An Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - James H Steer
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Ming H Zheng
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Yang Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Tak S Cheng
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
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Pumklin J, Bhalang K, Pavasant P. Hypoxia enhances the effect of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated IL-1β expression in human periodontal ligament cells. Odontology 2016; 104:338-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-015-0223-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Kim JY, Park SH, Baek JM, Erkhembaatar M, Kim MS, Yoon KH, Oh J, Lee MS. Harpagoside Inhibits RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis via Syk-Btk-PLCγ2-Ca(2+) Signaling Pathway and Prevents Inflammation-Mediated Bone Loss. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:2167-2174. [PMID: 26308264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Harpagoside (HAR) is a natural compound isolated from Harpagophytum procumbens (devil's claw) that is reported to have anti-inflammatory effects; however, these effects have not been investigated in the context of bone development. The current study describes for the first time that HAR inhibits receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro and suppresses inflammation-induced bone loss in a mouse model. HAR also inhibited the formation of osteoclasts from mouse bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) in a dose-dependent manner as well as the activity of mature osteoclasts, including filamentous actin (F-actin) ring formation and bone matrix breakdown. This involved a HAR-induced decrease in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation, leading to the inhibition of Syk-Btk-PLCγ2-Ca(2+) in RANKL-dependent early signaling, as well as the activation of c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), which resulted in the down-regulation of various target genes. Consistent with these in vitro results, HAR blocked lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone loss in an inflammatory osteoporosis model. However, HAR did not prevent ovariectomy-mediated bone erosion in a postmenopausal osteoporosis model. These results suggest that HAR is a valuable agent against inflammation-related bone disorders but not osteoporosis induced by hormonal abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Young Kim
- Imaging Science-Based Lung and Bone Diseases Research Center, ‡Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, §Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, ⊥Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, ∥Institute for Skeletal Disease, and ▽Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University , Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Korea
| | - Sun-Hyang Park
- Imaging Science-Based Lung and Bone Diseases Research Center, ‡Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, §Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, ⊥Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, ∥Institute for Skeletal Disease, and ▽Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University , Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Korea
| | - Jong Min Baek
- Imaging Science-Based Lung and Bone Diseases Research Center, ‡Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, §Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, ⊥Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, ∥Institute for Skeletal Disease, and ▽Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University , Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Korea
| | - Munkhsoyol Erkhembaatar
- Imaging Science-Based Lung and Bone Diseases Research Center, ‡Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, §Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, ⊥Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, ∥Institute for Skeletal Disease, and ▽Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University , Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Korea
| | - Min Seuk Kim
- Imaging Science-Based Lung and Bone Diseases Research Center, ‡Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, §Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, ⊥Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, ∥Institute for Skeletal Disease, and ▽Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University , Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Korea
| | - Kwon-Ha Yoon
- Imaging Science-Based Lung and Bone Diseases Research Center, ‡Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, §Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, ⊥Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, ∥Institute for Skeletal Disease, and ▽Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University , Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Korea
| | - Jaemin Oh
- Imaging Science-Based Lung and Bone Diseases Research Center, ‡Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, §Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, ⊥Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, ∥Institute for Skeletal Disease, and ▽Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University , Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Korea
| | - Myeung Su Lee
- Imaging Science-Based Lung and Bone Diseases Research Center, ‡Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, §Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, ⊥Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, ∥Institute for Skeletal Disease, and ▽Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University , Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Korea
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