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Denys A, Pedersen KB, Watt J, Norman AR, Osborn ML, Chen JR, Maimone C, Littleton S, Vasiliou V, Ronis MJJ. Binge Ethanol Exposure in Mice Represses Expression of Genes Involved in Osteoblast Function and Induces Expression of Genes Involved in Osteoclast Differentiation Independently of Endogenous Catalase. Toxicol Sci 2022; 185:232-245. [PMID: 34755883 PMCID: PMC9019842 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive ethanol consumption is a risk factor for osteopenia. Since a previous study showed that transgenic female mice with overexpression of catalase are partially protected from ethanol-mediated trabecular bone loss, we investigated the role of endogenous catalase in skeletal ethanol toxicity comparing catalase knockout to wild-type mice. We hypothesized that catalase depletion would exacerbate ethanol effects. The mice were tested in a newly designed binge ethanol model, in which 12-week-old mice were exposed to 4 consecutive days of gavage with ethanol at 3, 3, 4, and 4.5 g ethanol/kg body weight. Binge ethanol decreased the concentration of serum osteocalcin, a marker of bone formation. The catalase genotype did not affect the osteocalcin levels. RNA sequencing of femoral shaft RNA from males was conducted. Ethanol exposure led to significant downregulation of genes expressed in cells of the osteoblastic lineage with a role in osteoblastic function and collagen synthesis, including the genes encoding major structural bone proteins. Binge ethanol further induced a smaller set of genes with a role in osteoclastic differentiation. Catalase depletion affected genes with expression in erythroblasts and erythrocytes. There was no clear interaction between binge ethanol and the catalase genotype. In an independent experiment, we confirmed that the binge ethanol effects on gene expression were reproducible and occurred throughout the skeleton in males. In conclusion, the binge ethanol exposure, independently of endogenous catalase, reduces expression of genes involved in osteoblastic function and induces expression of genes involved in osteoclast differentiation throughout the skeleton in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Denys
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Kim B Pedersen
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - James Watt
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Allison R Norman
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Michelle L Osborn
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Jin-Ran Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, USA
| | - Cole Maimone
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Shana Littleton
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Martin J J Ronis
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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Naruo M, Negishi Y, Okuda T, Katsuyama M, Okazaki K, Morita R. Alcohol consumption induces murine osteoporosis by downregulation of natural killer T-like cell activity. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2021; 9:1370-1382. [PMID: 34214248 PMCID: PMC8589379 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Chronic alcohol consumption (CAC) can induce several deleterious effects on the body, including the promotion of osteoporosis; however, the immunological mechanism underlying alcohol‐induced osteoporosis is still unclear. Methods We administered alcohol to mice for 4 weeks as the experimental CAC model and analyzed the bone and immune cells that are located in the vicinity of a bone. Results IL‐4 is known to be a suppressive factor for osteoclastogenesis, and we found that natural killer T (NKT)‐like cells, which showed NK1.1‐positive, CD3‐positive, and α‐galactosylceramide‐loaded CD1d tetramer‐negative, produced IL‐4 more effectively than CD4+ T and natural killer (NK) cells. The alcohol consumption facilitated a significant decrease of bone mineral density with the upregulation of nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 and receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand expression. Meanwhile, we confirmed that alcohol consumption suppressed the activity of antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) and NKT‐like cells, leading to decreased IL‐4 secretion. Moreover, these harmful effects of alcohol consumption were reduced by simultaneous treatment with a glycolipid antigen OCH. Conclusions Our results indicate that the inactivation of innate immune cells, APCs, and NKT‐like cells are likely to be crucial for alcohol‐induced osteoporosis and provide a new therapeutic approach for preventing osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munehiro Naruo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tomei Atsugi Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Negishi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahisa Okuda
- Department of Legal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Midori Katsuyama
- Department of Legal Medicine Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ken Okazaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rimpei Morita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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El-Jawhari JJ, Ganguly P, Jones E, Giannoudis PV. Bone Marrow Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as Autologous Therapy for Osteonecrosis: Effects of Age and Underlying Causes. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:69. [PMID: 34067727 PMCID: PMC8156020 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8050069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) is a reliable source of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which have been successfully used for treating osteonecrosis. Considering the functional advantages of BM-MSCs as bone and cartilage reparatory cells and supporting angiogenesis, several donor-related factors are also essential to consider when autologous BM-MSCs are used for such regenerative therapies. Aging is one of several factors contributing to the donor-related variability and found to be associated with a reduction of BM-MSC numbers. However, even within the same age group, other factors affecting MSC quantity and function remain incompletely understood. For patients with osteonecrosis, several underlying factors have been linked to the decrease of the proliferation of BM-MSCs as well as the impairment of their differentiation, migration, angiogenesis-support and immunoregulatory functions. This review discusses the quality and quantity of BM-MSCs in relation to the etiological conditions of osteonecrosis such as sickle cell disease, Gaucher disease, alcohol, corticosteroids, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, diabetes, chronic renal disease and chemotherapy. A clear understanding of the regenerative potential of BM-MSCs is essential to optimize the cellular therapy of osteonecrosis and other bone damage conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehan J El-Jawhari
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
- Clinical Pathology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Payal Ganguly
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (P.G.); (E.J.); (P.V.G.)
| | - Elena Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (P.G.); (E.J.); (P.V.G.)
| | - Peter V Giannoudis
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (P.G.); (E.J.); (P.V.G.)
- Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopedic, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Demir F, Demir M, Aygun H. Evaluation of the protective effect of paricalcitol and vitamin D 3 at doxorubicin nephrotoxicity in rats with 99mTechnetium-dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scintigraphy and biochemical methods. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:274-283. [PMID: 32812453 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120950010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM The present study aimed to examine the effect of paricalcitol (PRC) and vitamin D3 (vit D3) on doxorubicin (DOX)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two Wistar rats were randomly categorized into six groups: control; 2) PRC(0.5 µg/kg) and 3) vit D3(5.000 IU/kg) administered for 14 days; 4) DOX, 18 mg/kg administered on the 12th, 13th and 14th days of the study; 5) PRC (0.5 µg/kg, +DOX(18 mg/kg); vit D3(5.000 IU)+DOX(18 mg/kg). On the 15th day of the experiment, 99mTc-DMSA uptake level and biochemical parameter in serum and tissue were assay. RESULTS Activities of 99mTechnetium-Dimercaptosuccinic Acid (99mTc-DMSA) were lower in groups receiving DOX and/or PRC+DOX, vit D3+DOX than in control groups. The 99mTc-DMSA level in the group PRC+DOX and vit D3+DOX were importantly higher than DOX group. DOX caused an important increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α(TNF- α), interleukin-6(IL-6) and nitric oxide(NO) levels compared to control groups. However, PRC and vit D3 pretreatments lowered them. Uptake of 99mTc-DMSA level was higher in groups PRC+DOX than in vit D3+DOX group. Administration of PRC and vit D3 alone did not change alterations all of parameters. CONCLUSION The results indicated that PRC administration protects kidney in DOX-induced nephrotoxic rats. In addition, PRC has a stronger nephroprotective effect than vit D3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadime Demir
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, 218488Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Demir
- Department of Nephrology, 64177Firat University, Faculty of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Hatice Aygun
- Department of Physiology, 218488Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
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Yang F, Wang XX, Li J, Nie FJ, Cui Q, Fu YJ, Zhang J. The effects of binge alcohol exposure on tooth movement and associated root resorption in rats. Alcohol 2020; 88:1-9. [PMID: 32574660 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the increasing prevalence of alcohol use and the growing number of orthodontic patients, some orthodontic patients might engage in binge drinking during treatment. Nevertheless, little is known about the effect of alcohol use on orthodontic treatment. METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into ethanol and control groups (n = 32). The rats received a single daily intraperitoneal injection of 20% (vol/vol) ethanol/saline solution at a dose of 3 g/kg of ethanol or saline for three consecutive days, and no injection was given during the remaining four days each week. All rats received orthodontic appliances to draw the maxillary first molar mesially. The rats were sacrificed at days 14 and 28, respectively. The amount of tooth movement was measured. Root resorption area was evaluated by scanning electron microscope. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining were conducted. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed to evaluate the expressions of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). RESULTS There were no significant differences in tooth movement and root resorption between ethanol and control groups. The number of TRAP-positive cells was significantly higher in the ethanol group. The expression of RANKL was statistically increased in the ethanol group. In contrast, the expression of OPG was remarkably decreased in rats injected with ethanol. Moreover, the iNOS level was significantly up-regulated in the ethanol group. CONCLUSION The tooth movement and root resorption in rats were not affected by binge alcohol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong Province, China; Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xu Xia Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong Province, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jing Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong Province, China; Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fu Jiao Nie
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong Province, China; Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qun Cui
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong Province, China; Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ya Jing Fu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong Province, China; Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong Province, China; Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
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6
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Impact of Alcohol on Bone Health, Homeostasis and Fracture repair. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2020; 8:75-86. [PMID: 33767923 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-020-00209-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of review Alcohol use continues to rise globally. We review the current literature on the effect of alcohol on bone health, homeostasis and fracture repair to highlight what has been learned in people and animal models of alcohol consumption. Recent findings Recently, forkhead box O (FoxO) has been found to be upregulated and activated in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) exposed to alcohol. FoxO has also been found to modulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which is necessary for MSC differentiation. Recent evidence suggests alcohol activates FoxO signaling, which may be dysregulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling in MSCs cultured in alcohol. Summary This review highlights the negative health effects learned from people and chronic and episodic binge alcohol consumption animal models. Studies using chronic alcohol exposure or alcohol exposure then bone fracture repair model have explored several different cellular and molecular signaling pathways important for bone homeostasis and fracture repair, and offer potential for future experiments to explore additional signaling pathways that may be dysregulated by alcohol exposure.
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7
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Föger-Samwald U, Knecht C, Stimpfl T, Szekeres T, Kerschan-Schindl K, Mikosch P, Pietschmann P, Sipos W. Bone Effects of Binge Alcohol Drinking Using Prepubescent Pigs as a Model. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:2123-2135. [PMID: 30120836 PMCID: PMC6282750 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although chronic alcohol consumption in adults is an established risk factor for osteoporotic fractures, there is a huge gap in our knowledge about bone effects of binge drinking in adolescents. The aim of this pilot study was therefore to assess skeletal effects of binge alcohol drinking using prepubescent pigs as a large animal model. METHODS Piglets aged 2 months were offered alcohol orally as a mixture of hard liquor and apple juice. Those with the highest propensity to drink alcohol were included in the experiment and received 1.4 g alcohol/kg bodyweight 2 times per week for 2 months (alcohol group); control piglets received apple juice in an identical manner. At the age of 4 months, the animals were euthanized; trabecular and cortical bone samples from the femur, the tibia, the humerus, and the fourth vertebral body harvested during necropsy were assessed by microcomputed tomography and dynamic histomorphometry. In addition, blood chemistry and blood alcohol determinations were performed. RESULTS Blood alcohol levels assessed 1 hour after alcohol administration were 0.99‰ ± 0.15, 1.12‰ ± 0.2, and 1.14‰ ± 0.18 at the ages of 2, 3, and 4 months, respectively. In the alcohol group, serum calcium and phosphate levels were decreased. In the femur, trabecular number and connectivity density were lower in the alcohol than in the control group, and in the humerus and the fourth vertebral bodies, an opposite pattern was seen for trabecular number and connectivity density, respectively. Cortical density was higher in the humerus and trabecular density higher in the tibia of the alcohol group compared to the control group. Cortical porosity was lower in the humerus of the alcohol group. No significant differences were seen for trabecular thickness, trabecular separation, bone volume fraction, and static and dynamic histomorphometric parameters. CONCLUSIONS In this pilot study, we have assessed skeletal effects of binge alcohol drinking by using prepubescent pigs as a promising large animal model. Binge drinking has bone effects that are site-specific. However, these data have to be verified in a larger study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Föger-Samwald
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Knecht
- Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Herd Management, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Stimpfl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Szekeres
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Peter Mikosch
- Landesklinikum Mistelbach-Gänserndorf, Mistelbach, Austria
| | - Peter Pietschmann
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Sipos
- Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Herd Management, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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8
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Natoli RM, Yu H, Meislin MCM, Abbasnia P, Roper P, Vuchkovska A, Xiao X, Stock SR, Callaci JJ. Alcohol exposure decreases osteopontin expression during fracture healing and osteopontin-mediated mesenchymal stem cell migration in vitro. J Orthop Surg Res 2018; 13:101. [PMID: 29699560 PMCID: PMC5921778 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-018-0800-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption is a risk factor for impaired fracture healing, though the mechanism(s) by which this occurs are not well understood. Our laboratory has previously shown that episodic alcohol exposure of rodents negatively affects fracture callus development, callus biomechanics, and cellular signaling which regulates stem cell differentiation. Here, we examine whether alcohol alters chemokine expression and/or signaling activity in the mouse fracture callus during early fracture healing. METHODS A mouse model for alcohol-impaired tibia fracture healing was utilized. Early fracture callus was examined for alcohol-effects on tissue composition, expression of chemokines involved in MSC migration to the fracture site, and biomechanics. The effects of alcohol on MSC migration and cell adhesion receptors were examined in an in vitro system. RESULTS Mice exposed to alcohol showed decreased evidence of external callus formation, decreased callus-related osteopontin (OPN) expression levels, and decreased biomechanical stiffness. Alcohol exposure decreased rOPN-mediated MSC migration and integrin β1 receptor expression in vitro. CONCLUSIONS The effects of alcohol exposure demonstrated here on fracture callus-associated OPN expression, rOPN-mediated MSC migration in vitro, and MSC integrin β1 receptor expression in vitro have not been previously reported. Understanding the effects of alcohol exposure on the early stages of fracture repair may allow timely initiation of treatment to mitigate the long-term complications of delayed healing and/or fracture non-union.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman M Natoli
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 South First Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.,Present Address: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Henry Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 South First Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Megan Conti-Mica Meislin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 South First Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.,Present Address: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hand and Upper Extremity Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pegah Abbasnia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 South First Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.,Present Address: School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Philip Roper
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 South First Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Aleksandra Vuchkovska
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 South First Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Xianghui Xiao
- Present Address: Argonne National Laboratory Advanced Photon Source, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Stuart R Stock
- Present Address: School of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John J Callaci
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 South First Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
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Luo Z, Liu Y, Liu Y, Chen H, Shi S, Liu Y. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of alcohol-induced osteopenia. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:4443-4453. [PMID: 28674727 PMCID: PMC11107754 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2585-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic beverages are widely consumed, resulting in a staggering economic cost in different social and cultural settings. Types of alcohol consumption vary from light occasional to heavy, binge drinking, and chronic alcohol abuse at all ages. In general, heavy alcohol consumption is widely recognized as a major epidemiological risk factor for chronic diseases and is detrimental to many organs and tissues, including bones. Indeed, recent findings demonstrate that alcohol has a dose-dependent toxic effect in promoting imbalanced bone remodeling. This imbalance eventually results in osteopenia, an established risk factor for osteoporosis. Decreased bone mass and strength are major hallmarks of osteopenia, which is predominantly attributed not only to inhibition of bone synthesis but also to increased bone resorption through direct and indirect pathways. In this review, we present knowledge to elucidate the epidemiology, potential pathogenesis, and major molecular mechanisms and cellular effects that underlie alcoholism-induced bone loss in osteopenia. Novel therapeutic targets for correcting alcohol-induced osteopenia are also reviewed, such as modulation of proinflammatory cytokines and Wnt and mTOR signaling and the application of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Luo
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology, Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Liu
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, 117 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yitong Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology, Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Chen
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, 117 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110002, People's Republic of China
| | - Songtao Shi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology, Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
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González-Reimers E, Quintero-Platt G, Rodríguez-Rodríguez E, Martínez-Riera A, Alvisa-Negrín J, Santolaria-Fernández F. Bone changes in alcoholic liver disease. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:1258-1264. [PMID: 26019741 PMCID: PMC4438500 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i9.1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholism has been associated with growth impairment, osteomalacia, delayed fracture healing, and aseptic necrosis (primarily necrosis of the femoral head), but the main alterations observed in the bones of alcoholic patients are osteoporosis and an increased risk of fractures. Decreased bone mass is a hallmark of osteoporosis, and it may be due either to decreased bone synthesis and/or to increased bone breakdown. Ethanol may affect both mechanisms. It is generally accepted that ethanol decreases bone synthesis, and most authors have reported decreased osteocalcin levels (a “marker” of bone synthesis), but some controversy exists regarding the effect of alcohol on bone breakdown, and, indeed, disparate results have been reported for telopeptide and other biochemical markers of bone resorption. In addition to the direct effect of ethanol, systemic alterations such as malnutrition, malabsorption, liver disease, increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, alcoholic myopathy and neuropathy, low testosterone levels, and an increased risk of trauma, play contributory roles. The treatment of alcoholic bone disease should be aimed towards increasing bone formation and decreasing bone degradation. In this sense, vitamin D and calcium supplementation, together with biphosphonates are essential, but alcohol abstinence and nutritional improvement are equally important. In this review we study the pathogenesis of bone changes in alcoholic liver disease and discuss potential therapies.
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11
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de Araujo CM, Johann ACBR, Camargo ES, Tanaka OM. The effects of binge-pattern alcohol consumption on orthodontic tooth movement. Dental Press J Orthod 2014; 19:93-8. [PMID: 25628085 PMCID: PMC4347416 DOI: 10.1590/2176-9451.19.6.093-098.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess tissue changes during orthodontic movement after
binge-pattern ethanol 20% exposure. METHODS: Male Wistar rats (n = 54) were divided into two groups. The control group (CG)
received 0.9% saline solution, while the experimental group (EG) received 20%
ethanol in 0.9% saline solution (3 g/kg/day). On the 30th day, a force
of 25 cN was applied with a nickel-titanium closed coil spring to move the
maxillary right first molar mesially. The groups were further divided into three
subgroups (2, 14 and 28 days). Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and picrosirius
were used to assess bone resorption and neoformation, respectively. Data were
compared by two-way ANOVA, Tukey's HSD, Games-Howell and chi-square test.
Significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS: There was a decrease in the number of osteoclasts in EG at day 28. The percentage
of collagen showed no interaction between group and time. CONCLUSION: Binge-pattern 20% ethanol promoted less bone resorption at the end of tooth
movement, thereby suggesting delay in tooth movement.
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Yang CS, Mercer KE, Alund AW, Suva LJ, Badger TM, Ronis MJJ. Genistein supplementation increases bone turnover but does not prevent alcohol-induced bone loss in male mice. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:1380-9. [PMID: 24872432 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214532759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption results in bone loss through increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation. These effects can be reversed by estradiol (E2) supplementation. Soy diets are suggested to have protective effects on bone loss in men and women, as a result of the presence of soy protein-associated phytoestrogens such as genistein (GEN). In this study, male mice were pair-fed (PF), a control diet, an ethanol (EtOH) diet, or EtOH diet supplemented with 250 mg/kg of GEN for 8 weeks to test if GEN protects against bone loss associated with chronic drinking. Interestingly, alcohol consumption reduced cortical area and thickness and trabecular bone volume in both EtOH and EtOH/GEN groups when compared to the corresponding PF and PF/GEN controls, P < 0.05. However, in the trabecular bone compartment, we observed a significant increase in overall trabecular bone density in the PF/GEN group compared to the PF controls. Bone loss in the EtOH-treated mice was associated with the inhibition of osteoblastogenesis as indicated by decreased alkaline phosphatase staining in ex vivo bone marrow cultures, P < 0.05. GEN supplementation improved osteoblastogenesis in the EtOH/GEN cultures compared to the EtOH group, P < 0.05. Vertebral expression of bone-formation markers, osteocalcin, and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) was also significantly up-regulated in the PF/GEN and EtOH/GEN groups compared to the PF and EtOH-treated groups. GEN supplementation also increased the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand (RANKL) in the PF/GEN, an increase that persisted in the EtOH/GEN-treated animals (P < 0.05), and increased basal hydrogen peroxide production and RANKL mRNA expression in primary bone marrow cultures in vitro, P < 0.05. These findings suggest that GEN supplementation increases the overall bone remodeling and, in the context of chronic alcohol consumption, does not protect against the oxidative stress-associated EtOH-mediated bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie S Yang
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Kelly E Mercer
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Alexander W Alund
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Larry J Suva
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Orthopedic Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Thomas M Badger
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Martin J J Ronis
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
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13
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Mercer KE, Sims CR, Yang CS, Wynne RA, Moutos C, Hogue WR, Lumpkin CK, Suva LJ, Chen JR, Badger TM, Ronis MJJ. Loss of functional NADPH oxidase 2 protects against alcohol-induced bone resorption in female p47phox-/- mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2013; 38:672-82. [PMID: 24256560 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In bone, NADPH oxidase (NOX)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) superoxide and/or hydrogen peroxide are an important stimulus for osteoclast differentiation and activity. Previously, we have demonstrated that chronic ethanol (EtOH) consumption generates excess NOX-dependent ROS in osteoblasts, which functions to stimulate nuclear factor kappa-β receptor ligand (RANKL)-RANK signaling, thus increasing osteoclastogenesis and activity. This activity can be blocked by co-administration of EtOH with the pan-NOX inhibitor diphenylene idonium (DPI). METHODS To test whether EtOH-induced bone loss is dependent on a functional NOX2 enzyme, 6-week-old female C57BL/6J-Ncf1/p47phox(-/-) (p47phox KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were pair-fed EtOH diets for 40 days. Bone loss was assessed by 3-point bending, micro-computed tomography and static histomorphometric analysis. Additionally, ST2 cultured cells were co-treated with EtOH and NOX inhibitors, DPI, gliotoxin, and plumbagin, after which changes in ROS production, and in RANKL and NOX mRNA expression were analyzed. RESULTS In WT mice, EtOH treatment significantly reduced bone density and mechanical strength, and increased total osteoclast number and activity. In EtOH-treated p47phox KO mice, bone density and mechanical strength were completely preserved. EtOH p47phox KO mice had no changes in osteoclast numbers or activity, and no elevations in serum CTX or RANKL gene expression (p < 0.05). In both WT and p47phox KO mice, EtOH feeding reduced biochemical markers of bone formation (p < 0.05). In vitro EtOH exposure of ST2 cells increased ROS, which was blocked by pretreating with DPI or the NOX2 inhibitor gliotoxin. EtOH-induced RANKL and NOX2 gene expression were inhibited by the NOX4-specific inhibitor plumbagin. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that NOX2-derived ROS is necessary for EtOH-induced bone resorption. In osteoblasts, NOX2 and NOX4 appear to work in tandem to increase RANKL expression, whereas EtOH-mediated inhibition of bone formation occurs via a NOX2-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Mercer
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Orthopaedic Research at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
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14
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Mercer KE, Wynne RA, Lazarenko OP, Lumpkin CK, Hogue WR, Suva LJ, Chen JR, Mason AZ, Badger TM, Ronis MJJ. Vitamin D supplementation protects against bone loss associated with chronic alcohol administration in female mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 343:401-12. [PMID: 22892342 PMCID: PMC3477212 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.197038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol abuse results in decreased bone mineral density (BMD), which can lead to increased fracture risk. In contrast, low levels of alcohol have been associated with increased BMD in epidemiological studies. Alcohol's toxic skeletal effects have been suggested to involve impaired vitamin D/calcium homeostasis. Therefore, dietary vitamin D supplementation may be beneficial in reducing bone loss associated with chronic alcohol consumption. Six-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were pair-fed ethanol (EtOH)-containing liquid diets (10 or 36% total calories) for 78 days. EtOH exposure at 10% calories had no effects on any measured bone or serum parameter. EtOH consumption at 36% of calories reduced BMD and bone strength (P<0.05), decreased osteoblastogenesis, increased osteoclastogenesis, suppressed 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] serum concentrations (P<0.05), and increased apoptosis in bone cells compared with pair-fed controls. In a second study, female mice were pair-fed 30% EtOH diets with or without dietary supplementation with vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol; VitD) for 40 days. VitD supplementation in the EtOH diet protected against cortical bone loss, normalized alcohol-induced hypocalcaemia, and suppressed EtOH-induced expression of receptor of nuclear factor-κB ligand mRNA in bone. In vitro, pretreatment of 1,25(OH)2D3 in osteoblastic cells inhibited EtOH-induced apoptosis. In EtOH/VitD mice circulating 1,25(OH)2D3 was lower compared with mice receiving EtOH alone (P<0.05), suggesting increased sensitivity to feedback control of VitD metabolism in the kidney. These findings suggest dietary VitD supplementation may prevent skeletal toxicity in chronic drinkers by normalizing calcium homeostasis, preventing apoptosis, and suppressing EtOH-induced increases in bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Mercer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, 15 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
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15
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Vitamin D and calcium status in South African adolescents with alcohol use disorders. Nutrients 2012; 4:1076-94. [PMID: 23016133 PMCID: PMC3448088 DOI: 10.3390/nu4081076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate vitamin D and calcium are essential for optimal adolescent skeletal development. Adolescent vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency and poor calcium intake have been reported worldwide. Heavy alcohol use impacts negatively on skeletal health, which is concerning since heavy adolescent drinking is a rising public health problem. This study aimed to examine biochemical vitamin D status and dietary intakes of calcium and vitamin D in 12-16 year-old adolescents with alcohol use disorders (AUD), but without co-morbid substance use disorders, compared to adolescents without AUD. Substance use, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (s-25(OH)D) concentrations, energy, calcium and vitamin D intakes were assessed in heavy drinkers (meeting DSM-IV criteria for AUD) (n = 81) and in light/non-drinkers without AUD (non-AUD) (n = 81), matched for age, gender, language, socio-economic status and education. Lifetime alcohol dose was orders of magnitude higher in AUD adolescents compared to non-AUD adolescents. AUD adolescents had a binge drinking pattern and "weekends-only" style of alcohol consumption. Significantly lower (p = 0.038) s-25(OH)D (adjusted for gender, smoking, vitamin D intake) were evident in AUD adolescents compared to non-AUD adolescents. High levels of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency (s-25(OH)D < 29.9 ng/mL) were prevalent in both groups, but was significantly higher (p = 0.013) in the AUD group (90%) compared to the non-AUD group (70%). All participants were at risk of inadequate calcium and vitamin D intakes (Estimated Average Requirement cut-point method). Both groups were at risk of inadequate calcium intake and had poor biochemical vitamin D status, with binge drinking potentially increasing the risk of the latter. This may have negative implications for peak bone mass accrual and future osteoporosis risk, particularly with protracted binge drinking.
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16
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Maurel DB, Boisseau N, Benhamou CL, Jaffre C. Alcohol and bone: review of dose effects and mechanisms. Osteoporos Int 2012; 23:1-16. [PMID: 21927919 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-011-1787-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol is widely consumed across the world. It is consumed in both social and cultural settings. Until recently, two types of alcohol consumption were recognized: heavy chronic alcohol consumption or light consumption. Today, there is a new pattern of consumption among teenagers and young adults namely: binge drinking. Heavy alcohol consumption is detrimental to many organs and tissues, including bones, and is known to induce secondary osteoporosis. Some studies, however, have reported benefits from light alcohol consumption on bone parameters. To date, little is known regarding the effects of binge drinking on bone health. Here, we review the effects of three different means of alcohol consumption: light, heavy, and binge drinking. We also review the detailed literature on the different mechanisms by which alcohol intake may decrease bone mass and strength. The effects of alcohol on bone are thought to be both direct and indirect. The decrease in bone mass and strength following alcohol consumption is mainly due to a bone remodeling imbalance, with a predominant decrease in bone formation. Recent studies, however, have reported new mechanisms by which alcohol may act on bone remodeling, including osteocyte apoptosis, oxidative stress, and Wnt signalling pathway modulation. The roles of reduced total fat mass, increased lipid content in bone marrow, and a hypoleptinemia are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Maurel
- Unité INSERM U658, Caractérisation du Tissu Osseux par Imagerie, Techniques et Applications, CHR Orléans, 45000 Orléans, France.
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Abstract
It is well established that excessive consumption of high-fat diets results in obesity. However, the consequences of obesity on skeletal development, maturation, and remodeling have been the subject of controversy. New studies suggest that the response of the growing skeleton to mechanical loading is impaired and trabecular bone mass is decreased in obesity and after high-fat feeding. At least in part, this occurs as a direct result of inhibited Wnt signaling and activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) pathways in mesenchymal stem cells by fatty acids. Similar effects on Wnt and PPAR-γ signaling occur after chronic alcohol consumption as the result of oxidative stress and result in inhibited bone formation accompanied by increased bone marrow adiposity. Alcohol-induced oxidative stress as the result of increased NADPH-oxidase activity in bone cells also results in enhanced RANKL-RANK signaling to increase osteoclastogenesis. In contrast, consumption of fruits and legumes such as blueberries and soy increase bone formation. New data suggest that Wnt and bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathways are the molecular targets for bone anabolic factors derived from the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J J Ronis
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, 15 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA.
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Callaci JJ, Himes R, Lauing K, Roper P. Long-term modulations in the vertebral transcriptome of adolescent-stage rats exposed to binge alcohol. Alcohol Alcohol 2010; 45:332-46. [PMID: 20554695 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agq030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Dangerous alcohol consumption practices are common in adolescents, yet little is known about their consequences on attainment of peak bone mass and long-term skeletal integrity. We previously demonstrated that binge alcohol-exposed adolescent rats showed site-specific reductions in accruement of bone mineral density and bone strength, which were incompletely recovered following prolonged alcohol abstinence. Currently, we analysed the vertebral transcriptome of adolescent rats following alcohol treatment and abstinence to identify long-term molecular changes in the lumbar spine. METHODS Sixty male adolescent Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of six treatment groups receiving binge alcohol (3 g/kg) or saline i.p., 3 consecutive days (acute binge), 4 consecutive weekly (3-day) binge cycles (chronic binge) or 4 weekly binge cycles followed by a 30-day abstinence period (chronic binge with abstinence). Following treatment, lumbar vertebrae were assayed for global transcriptional changes using gene array technology. RESULTS Analysis of the adolescent rat vertebral transcriptome identified clusters of binge alcohol-sensitive genes displaying differential expression patterns starting before bone damage was seen and persisting after alcohol treatment was discontinued. Functional grouping of these gene clusters identified candidate cellular pathways affected following acute and chronic binge treatment, as well as pathways remaining modulated following abstinence. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that binge alcohol exposure can produce disruptions of normal bone gene expression patterns in the adolescent rat that persist well beyond the period of active intoxication. This data may have relevance to peak bone mass attainment and future risk of skeletal disease in adolescents engaging in repeated binge-drinking episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Callaci
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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Callaci JJ, Himes R, Lauing K, Wezeman FH, Brownson K. Binge alcohol-induced bone damage is accompanied by differential expression of bone remodeling-related genes in rat vertebral bone. Calcif Tissue Int 2009; 84:474-84. [PMID: 19330277 PMCID: PMC2693714 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-009-9240-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2008] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Binge alcohol-related bone damage is prevented by concurrent administration of bisphosphonates, suggesting an activation of bone resorption with patterned alcohol exposure. Although chronic alcohol abuse is known to cause osteopenia, little is known about the effects of binge drinking on bone metabolism. We examined the effects of binge alcohol exposure on the relationship between bone damage and modulation of bone remodeling-specific gene expression profiles. Our hypothesis was that bone damage observed in young adult rats after binge alcohol exposure is associated with differential expression of bone remodeling-related gene expression. We further hypothesized that this differential gene expression specific to bone remodeling (bone resorption or formation related) would be influenced by the duration of binge alcohol exposure. Binge alcohol (3 g/kg, i.p.) was administered on 3 consecutive days each week, for 1 or 4 weeks, to adult male rats. Matched control animals were injected with an equal volume of isotonic saline. Lumbar vertebrae, L4-5, were analyzed for the presence of bone damage by quantitative computed tomography and compressive strength analysis. Total RNA was isolated from an adjacent vertebrae (L3), and whole transcriptome gene expression data were obtained for each sample. The expression levels of a subset of bone formation and resorption-associated differentially expressed genes were validated by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Bone loss was not observed after 1 week of treatment but was observed after four binge alcohol cycles with a 23% decrease in cancellous bone mineral density and 17% decrease in vertebral compressive strength compared with control values (P < 0.05). We observed that the duration of binge alcohol treatment influenced the modulation of expression profiles for genes that regulate the bone formation process. The expression of key bone formation-related marker genes such as osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) after acute binge alcohol exposure, and expression of regulators of osteoblast activity such as bone morphogenetic proteins and parathyroid hormone receptor displayed significantly (P < 0.05) decreased differential expression. The expression of sclerostin, a key canonical Wnt inhibitory protein, was significantly increased after acute binge alcohol treatment. The expression of important regulators of osteoclast maturation and activity such as NF-kappabeta (nuclear factor kappabeta) ligand (RANKL) and interleukin-6 were significantly increased (P < 0.05) by binge alcohol, and osteoprotegerin levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in vertebral bone. These results show that expression patterns of several key bone remodeling genes are significantly perturbed by binge alcohol treatment, suggesting that perturbation of gene expression associated with bone remodeling may be one mechanism contributing to the disruption of bone mass homeostasis and subsequent bone loss observed after binge alcohol exposure in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J. Callaci
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 S. First Ave., Maywood, IL 60153, USA, e-mail:
- Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Ryan Himes
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 S. First Ave., Maywood, IL 60153, USA, e-mail:
| | - Kristen Lauing
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 S. First Ave., Maywood, IL 60153, USA, e-mail:
- Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Frederick H. Wezeman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 S. First Ave., Maywood, IL 60153, USA, e-mail:
- Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Kirstyn Brownson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 S. First Ave., Maywood, IL 60153, USA, e-mail:
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Courtney KE, Polich J. Binge drinking in young adults: Data, definitions, and determinants. Psychol Bull 2009; 135:142-56. [PMID: 19210057 DOI: 10.1037/a0014414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 429] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Binge drinking is an increasingly important topic in alcohol research, but the field lacks empirical cohesion and definitional precision. The present review summarizes findings and viewpoints from the scientific binge-drinking literature. Epidemiological studies quantify the seriousness of alcohol-related problems arising from binge drinking, with a growing incidence reported in college-age men over the last 2 years. Experimental studies have found neurocognitive deficits for frontal lobe processing and working memory operations in binge-drinking compared with nonbinge alcohol drinkers. The findings are organized with the goals of providing a useful binge-drinking definition in the context of the empirical results. Theoretical implications are discussed on how binge drinking may alter neurophysiological and neurocognitive function.
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Lauing K, Himes R, Rachwalski M, Strotman P, Callaci JJ. Binge alcohol treatment of adolescent rats followed by alcohol abstinence is associated with site-specific differences in bone loss and incomplete recovery of bone mass and strength. Alcohol 2008; 42:649-56. [PMID: 19038696 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2008.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Revised: 08/12/2008] [Accepted: 08/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that alcohol-fed adolescent rats exhibit reductions in lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) and vertebral body height, suggesting that chronic alcohol consumption has negative consequences for skeletal development during adolescence. Binge alcohol consumption is common in adolescents and young adults, yet little is known about its consequences on skeletal integrity or the attainment of peak bone mass. We used a previously validated binge alcohol exposure model to test the hypothesis that binge alcohol treatment of adolescent rats would be associated with distinct temporal and site-specific bone loss profiles, with incomplete recovery from bone loss following a period of alcohol abstinence. Seventy-two male adolescent Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of six treatment groups (n=12/group) receiving binge alcohol (3 g/kg) or saline intraperitoneal, 3 consecutive days (acute binge), 4 consecutive weekly (3-day) binge cycles (chronic binge), or 4 weekly binge cycles followed by a 30-day abstinence period without alcohol or saline injections (chronic binge with abstinence). Cancellous BMD was determined by quantitative computed tomography and compressive strength determined by biomechanical testing. Serum testosterone and osteocalcin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Tibial cancellous BMD was significantly reduced by 25% (P<.05) after both acute and chronic binge alcohol treatment and vertebral cancellous BMD was significantly reduced by 15% (P<.05) after chronic binge exposure. Vertebral compressive strength was also significantly decreased by 31% (P<.05) after chronic binge alcohol treatment. Tibial cancellous BMD returned to control levels after the 30-day alcohol abstinence period, but vertebral cancellous BMD remained 15% below control values (P<.05) 30 days after termination of binge alcohol exposures. Serum osteocalcin levels were significantly decreased following acute binge alcohol exposure (P<.05). These results show that binge alcohol exposure can produce both short- and long-term skeletal damage in the adolescent rat. These data might have relevance to peak bone mass attainment and future risk of skeletal disease in adolescents and young adults who engage in repeated binge-drinking episodes.
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Himes R, Wezeman FH, Callaci JJ. Identification of novel bone-specific molecular targets of binge alcohol and ibandronate by transcriptome analysis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2008; 32:1167-80. [PMID: 18537941 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00736.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our laboratory established that binge alcohol-related bone damage is prevented by aminobisphosphonates, suggesting bone resorption increases following binge exposure. We examined the effects of binge alcohol and antiresorptive therapy on the relationship between bone damage and modulation of the vertebral transcriptome, in an attempt to determine how alcohol-induced bone damage and its prevention modulate bone-related biological pathways. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to 1 of 6 treatment groups (n = 12/group). (C1) saline ip 3 d/wk for 1 week, (A1) binge alcohol, 3 g/kg, ip 3 d/wk for 1 week, (C4) saline ip, 3 d/wk for 4 weeks, (A4) binge alcohol, ip, 3 g/kg 3 d/wk for 4 weeks, (I4) ibandronate, saline ip 3 d/wk for 4 weeks, plus a single ip injection of ibandronate at 120 microg/animal, and (AI4) binge alcohol plus ibandronate as above. After 1 or 4 weeks, adjacent lumbar vertebrae were assayed for bone damage or transcriptional changes. RESULTS Bone loss was not observed after 1 week of binge alcohol treatment. After 4 weeks, binge alcohol decreased vertebral BMD by 23% (p < 0.05) and compressive strength by 18% compared to saline controls (p < 0.05). Concurrent ibandronate prevented bone loss, increasing these parameters by 145 and 134% respectively compared to binge alcohol. (p < 0.05). Analysis of the vertebral transcriptome identified gene clusters specific for acute and chronic binge alcohol-related bone damage. Acute binge alcohol modulated the expression of integrin signaling-specific genes, while chronic binge alcohol modulated canonical Wnt signaling gene expression. Ibandronate normalized the expression of approximately 20% of the genes affected by chronic binge alcohol, allowing the identification of a unique subset of alcohol-sensitive, ibandronate-responsive genes. CONCLUSIONS Identification of bone-specific gene expression clusters associated with acute and chronic binge alcohol treatment allowed for the identification of cellular pathways affected by binge treatment with known involvement in bone remodeling (Integrin, Canonical Wnt signaling) not previously identified as alcohol-sensitive. This data provides a basis for a plausible mechanistic explanation for the known detrimental effects of alcohol on bone formation and resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Himes
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
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Pasch A, Schaffner T, Huynh-Do U, Frey BM, Frey FJ, Farese S. Sodium thiosulfate prevents vascular calcifications in uremic rats. Kidney Int 2008; 74:1444-53. [PMID: 18818688 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2008.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Accelerated vascular calcification is a severe complication of chronic kidney disease contributing to high morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing renal replacement therapy. Sodium thiosulfate is increasingly used for the treatment of soft tissue calcifications in calciphylaxis. Therefore, we determined whether it also prevents development of vascular calcifications in chronic kidney disease. We found that uremic rats treated by thiosulfate had no histological evidence of calcification in the aortic wall whereas almost three-fourths of untreated uremic rats showed aortic calcification. Urinary calcium excretion was elevated and the calcium content of aortic, heart, and renal tissue was significantly reduced in the thiosulfate-treated compared to non-treated animals. Sodium thiosulfate treatment transiently lowered plasma ionized calcium and induced metabolic acidosis. It also lowered bone strength in the treated animals compared to their normal controls. Hence, sodium thiosulfate prevented vascular calcifications in uremic rats, likely by enhancing acid- and/or chelation-induced urinary calcium loss. The negative impact on rat bone integrity necessitates a careful risk-benefit analysis before sodium thiosulfate can be used in individual human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Pasch
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Hamden K, Carreau S, Jamoussi K, Ayadi F, Garmazi F, Mezgenni N, Elfeki A. Inhibitory effects of 1α, 25dihydroxyvitamin D3 and Ajuga iva extract on oxidative stress, toxicity and hypo-fertility in diabetic rat testes. J Physiol Biochem 2008; 64:231-9. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03216108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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