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Lan Q, Deng Q, Qi S, Zhang Y, Li Z, Yin S, Li Y, Tan H, Wu M, Yin Y, He J, Liu M. Genome-Wide Association Analysis Identified Variants Associated with Body Measurement and Reproduction Traits in Shaziling Pigs. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:522. [PMID: 36833449 PMCID: PMC9957351 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing popularity of genomic sequencing, breeders pay more attention to identifying the crucial molecular markers and quantitative trait loci for improving the body size and reproduction traits that could affect the production efficiency of pig-breeding enterprises. Nevertheless, for the Shaziling pig, a well-known indigenous breed in China, the relationship between phenotypes and their corresponding genetic architecture remains largely unknown. Herein, in the Shaziling population, a total of 190 samples were genotyped using the Geneseek Porcine 50K SNP Chip, obtaining 41857 SNPs for further analysis. For phenotypes, two body measurement traits and four reproduction traits in the first parity from the 190 Shaziling sows were measured and recorded, respectively. Subsequently, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) between the SNPs and the six phenotypes was performed. The correlation between body size and reproduction phenotypes was not statistically significant. A total of 31 SNPs were found to be associated with body length (BL), chest circumference (CC), number of healthy births (NHB), and number of stillborns (NSB). Gene annotation for those candidate SNPs identified 18 functional genes, such as GLP1R, NFYA, NANOG, COX7A2, BMPR1B, FOXP1, SLC29A1, CNTNAP4, and KIT, which exert important roles in skeletal morphogenesis, chondrogenesis, obesity, and embryonic and fetal development. These findings are helpful to better understand the genetic mechanism for body size and reproduction phenotypes, while the phenotype-associated SNPs could be used as the molecular markers for the pig breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qiuchun Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shijin Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yuebo Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shishu Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yulian Li
- Xiang Dong Experiment Station, Hunan Provincial Pig Industrial Technology System, Xiangtan 411100, China
| | - Hong Tan
- Xiang Dong Experiment Station, Hunan Provincial Pig Industrial Technology System, Xiangtan 411100, China
| | - Maisheng Wu
- Xiang Dong Experiment Station, Hunan Provincial Pig Industrial Technology System, Xiangtan 411100, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jun He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Mei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan, Foshan 528226, China
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Essential Roles of the Histone Demethylase KDM4C in Renal Development and Acute Kidney Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169318. [PMID: 36012577 PMCID: PMC9409075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lysine demethylase 4C (KDM4C) is a nuclear protein that is essential for histone modification and acts as an important regulator of several transcription factors. Previous studies have shown that KDM4C may also play a role in mediating stress responses. The purpose of this study was to examine the roles of KDM4C in kidney development and acute kidney injury (AKI). Methods: The effect of KDM4C on kidney development was assessed by comparing the kidney phenotype between 96 zebrafish embryos treated with kdm4c-morpholino oligonucleotide and 96 untreated zebrafish embryos. We further examined whether KDM4C is essential for maintaining cell survival in AKI. Cultured human renal tubular cells were used for the in vitro study. Wild-type and Kdm4c knockout mice (C57BL/6NTac-Kdm4ctm1a(KOMP)Wtsi) were divided into a sham group and model group, and then subjected to ischemic reperfusion kidney injury (IRI-AKI). Blood samples and kidneys were collected at different time points (day 3, day 7, day 14, and day 28) and were processed for in vivo studies (n = 8 in each group). Results: Kdm4c knockdown significantly decreased zebrafish embryo survival and impaired kidney development. The in vitro study showed that KDM4C inhibition by JIB04 significantly increased cellular apoptosis under oxidative stress conditions. KDM4C knockdown cells had impaired autophagy function under stress conditions. The IRI-AKI mice study showed that KDM4C protein levels dynamically changed and were significantly correlated with HIF-1α levels in AKI. Kdm4c−/− mice had significantly more severe renal impairment and increased kidney fibrosis than the wild-type mice. Cytokine array results also indicated that the kidneys of Kdm4c−/− mice had increased inflammation in AKI compared with the wild-type mice. Further RNA sequence analysis revealed that KDM4C may regulate transcription factors related to mitochondrial dynamics and function. Conclusions: Our study suggests that KDM4C may play a critical role in regulating mitochondria, which is related to a protective effect on maintaining cell survival in AKI.
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Chen J. NF-Y is critical for the proper growth of zebrafish embryonic heart and its cardiomyocyte proliferation. Genesis 2021; 59:e23408. [PMID: 33417743 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous NF-Y gene regulates the expression of different genes in various signaling pathways. However, the function of NF-Y in zebrafish heart development is largely unknown. Previously we identified a same group of cell cycle related gene cluster (CCRG) was downregulated in the embryonic hearts with impeded growth due to various stresses. The promoter regions of these CCRG genes shared a most common motif for NF-Y. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiment demonstrated that the binding of NF-Y to its motif was real on the CCRG candidate gene promoters. Knockdown of embryonic NF-Y by morpholinos led to a small heart, mimicking the abnormal heart phenotype caused by other stresses. In parallel the expression of certain CCRG candidate genes was reduced in the NF-Y A morphant hearts exposed to malignant environments. Absence of NF-Y A also led to undermine cardiomyocyte proliferation and hence less total number of caridomyocytes per heart. Trans-AM Elisa experiment also found that in the presence of the stresses such as TCDD and TNNT2 MO, the binding capacity of NF-Y A subunit to its core motif was reduced. We conclude that NF-Y sustains proper cardiomyocyte proliferation in the heart, thus it plays a positive role in promoting early zebrafish heart growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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Klotho Exerts an Emerging Role in Cytokinesis. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11091048. [PMID: 32899868 PMCID: PMC7565453 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Klotho gene functions as an anti-aging gene. A previous klotho-knockout mice study indicated that neither male nor female gametocytes could accomplish the first meiotic division. It suggested that Klotho might regulate cell division. In this study, we determined the roles of Klotho in cytokinesis in cultural human cells (HEK293 and HeLa) and in zebrafish embryos. Immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry analysis, and a zebrafish model were used in this study. The results showed that Klotho is located in the midbody, which correlated with cytokinesis related kinases, Aurora kinase B and citron kinases, in the late stage of cytokinesis. There was a spatial correlation between the abscission site and the location of Klotho in the cytokinesis bridge. A three-dimensional structural reconstruction study demonstrated there was a spatial correlation among Klotho, Aurora kinase B, and citron kinases in the midbody. In addition, Klotho depletion inactivated Aurora kinases; it was also indicated that Klotho depletion caused aberrant cell cycle and delayed cytokinesis in a cell model. The study with zebrafish embryos suggested that klotho knockdown caused early embryo development abnormality due to dysregulated cytokinesis. In conclusion, Klotho might have a critical role in cytokinesis regulation by interacting with the cytokinesis related kinases.
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Stanney W, Ladam F, Donaldson IJ, Parsons TJ, Maehr R, Bobola N, Sagerström CG. Combinatorial action of NF-Y and TALE at embryonic enhancers defines distinct gene expression programs during zygotic genome activation in zebrafish. Dev Biol 2019; 459:161-180. [PMID: 31862379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Animal embryogenesis is initiated by maternal factors, but zygotic genome activation (ZGA) shifts regulatory control to the embryo during blastula stages. ZGA is thought to be mediated by maternally provided transcription factors (TFs), but few such TFs have been identified in vertebrates. Here we report that NF-Y and TALE TFs bind zebrafish genomic elements associated with developmental control genes already at ZGA. In particular, co-regulation by NF-Y and TALE is associated with broadly acting genes involved in transcriptional control, while regulation by either NF-Y or TALE defines genes in specific developmental processes, such that NF-Y controls a cilia gene expression program while TALE controls expression of hox genes. We also demonstrate that NF-Y and TALE-occupied genomic elements function as enhancers during embryogenesis. We conclude that combinatorial use of NF-Y and TALE at developmental enhancers permits the establishment of distinct gene expression programs at zebrafish ZGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Stanney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Franck Ladam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Ian J Donaldson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Teagan J Parsons
- Program in Molecular Medicine and Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - René Maehr
- Program in Molecular Medicine and Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Nicoletta Bobola
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Charles G Sagerström
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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6
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UV-protective activities of pineapple leaf extract in zebrafish embryos. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-018-3632-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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7
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Hsieh CS, Tsai CT, Chen YH, Chang SN, Hwang JJ, Chuang EY, Wu IH. Global Expression Profiling Identifies a Novel Hyaluronan Synthases 2 Gene in the Pathogenesis of Lower Extremity Varicose Veins. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7120537. [PMID: 30544995 PMCID: PMC6306753 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7120537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower extremities varicose veins (VV) are among the most easily recognized venous abnormalities. The genetic mechanism of VV is largely unknown. In this study, we sought to explore the global expressional change of VV and identify novel genes that might play a role in VV. We used next-generation ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequence (RNA seq) technology to study the global messenger RNA expressional change in the venous samples of five diseased and five control patients. We identified several differentially expressed genes, which were further confirmed by conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Using these significant genes we performed in silico pathway analyses and found distinct transcriptional networks, such as angiogenesis, cell adhesion, vascular injury, and carbohydrate metabolisms that might be involved in the mechanism of VV. Among these significant genes, we also found hyaluronan synthases 2 gene (HAS2) played a pivotal role and governed all these pathways. We further confirmed that HAS2 expression was decreased in the venous samples of patients with VV. Finally, we used a zebrafish model with fluorescence emitting vasculature and red blood cells to see the morphological changes of the venous system and blood flow. We found that HAS2 knockdown in zebrafish resulted in dilated venous structural with static venous flow. HAS2 may modulate the transcriptional networks of angiogenesis, cell adhesion, vascular injury, and carbohydrate metabolisms in venous tissues and downregulation of HAS2 may underlie the mechanism of VV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Shan Hsieh
- Department of Life Science, Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Ti Tsai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan.
| | - Yau-Hung Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, Taipei 25137, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Nan Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin 64041, Taiwan.
| | - Juey-Jen Hwang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin 64041, Taiwan.
| | - Eric Y Chuang
- Department of Life Science, Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan.
| | - I-Hui Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan.
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.
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8
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Ladam F, Stanney W, Donaldson IJ, Yildiz O, Bobola N, Sagerström CG. TALE factors use two distinct functional modes to control an essential zebrafish gene expression program. eLife 2018; 7:36144. [PMID: 29911973 PMCID: PMC6023610 DOI: 10.7554/elife.36144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
TALE factors are broadly expressed embryonically and known to function in complexes with transcription factors (TFs) like Hox proteins at gastrula/segmentation stages, but it is unclear if such generally expressed factors act by the same mechanism throughout embryogenesis. We identify a TALE-dependent gene regulatory network (GRN) required for anterior development and detect TALE occupancy associated with this GRN throughout embryogenesis. At blastula stages, we uncover a novel functional mode for TALE factors, where they occupy genomic DECA motifs with nearby NF-Y sites. We demonstrate that TALE and NF-Y form complexes and regulate chromatin state at genes of this GRN. At segmentation stages, GRN-associated TALE occupancy expands to include HEXA motifs near PBX:HOX sites. Hence, TALE factors control a key GRN, but utilize distinct DNA motifs and protein partners at different stages – a strategy that may also explain their oncogenic potential and may be employed by other broadly expressed TFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Ladam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - William Stanney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Ian J Donaldson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ozge Yildiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Nicoletta Bobola
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Charles G Sagerström
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
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NF-YB Regulates Spermatogonial Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Proliferation in the Planarian Schmidtea mediterranea. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006109. [PMID: 27304889 PMCID: PMC4909293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gametes are the source and carrier of genetic information, essential for the propagation of all sexually reproducing organisms. Male gametes are derived from a progenitor stem cell population called spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). SSCs give rise to male gametes through the coordination of two essential processes: self-renewal to produce more SSCs, and differentiation to produce mature sperm. Disruption of this equilibrium can lead to excessive proliferation of SSCs, causing tumorigenesis, or can result in aberrant differentiation, leading to infertility. Little is known about how SSCs achieve the fine balance between self-renewal and differentiation, which is necessary for their remarkable output and developmental potential. To understand the mechanisms of SSC maintenance, we examine the planarian homolog of Nuclear Factor Y-B (NF-YB), which is required for the maintenance of early planarian male germ cells. Here, we demonstrate that NF-YB plays a role in the self-renewal and proliferation of planarian SSCs, but not in their specification or differentiation. Furthermore, we characterize members of the NF-Y complex in Schistosoma mansoni, a parasitic flatworm related to the free-living planarian. We find that the function of NF-YB in regulating male germ cell proliferation is conserved in schistosomes. This finding is especially significant because fecundity is the cause of pathogenesis of S. mansoni. Our findings can help elucidate the complex relationship between self-renewal and differentiation of SSCs, and may also have implications for understanding and controlling schistosomiasis.
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Chen YH, Chang CF, Lai YY, Sun CY, Ding YJ, Tsai JN. von Hippel-Lindau gene plays a role during zebrafish pronephros development. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015. [PMID: 26194803 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9938-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
von Hippel-Lindau (pVHL)-mediated ubiquitination of HIF-1α plays a central role in the cellular responses to changes in oxygen availability. In the present study, using zebrafish as a model, we showed that specific knockdown of endogenous vhl leads to pronephros malformation and renal failure. Knockdown of vhl resulted in abnormal kidney development, including curved and cystic pronephric tubule or/and cystic and atrophic glomerulus. Co-injecting capped vhl messenger RNA (mRNA) partially rescued pronephros morphant phenotype, confirming the specificity of the morpholino oligonucleotide (MO)-induced pronephric defects. In keeping with the pronephros phenotype, renal function was affected as well in vhl morphants. Dextran clearance abilities of vhl morphants were significantly reduced as compared with those of control embryos. Further analysis indicated that glomerular integrity is impaired in vhl morphants, while the organization of pronephric duct was minimally affected. Vhl morphants display global increased vegf signaling and angiogenesis. In addition, we found that vhl morphants displayed elevated expression of vegfa in podocytes and increased angiogenesis at pronephric glomerulus and the nearby vessels. Treatment of vegf inducer to embryos also caused pronephros phenotype resembling vhl morphants, further supporting that increased vegfa signaling contribute to the pronephros morphant phenotype. Our study establishes the zebrafish as an alternative vertebrate model system for studying Vhl function during kidney development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yau-Hung Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, No. 151, Ying-Chuan Road, Tamsui, New Taipei, Taiwan. .,Bachelor's Program in Advanced Material Sciences, Tamkang University, Tamsui, New Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chiung-Fang Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yu Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, No. 151, Ying-Chuan Road, Tamsui, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Yin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, No. 151, Ying-Chuan Road, Tamsui, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Ning Tsai
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Chen YH, Chang CY, Chang CF, Chen PC, Lee YT, Chern CY, Tsai JN. Pro-Angiogenic Effects of Chalcone Derivatives in Zebrafish Embryos in Vivo. Molecules 2015; 20:12512-24. [PMID: 26184137 PMCID: PMC6332238 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200712512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate novel chalcones with potent angiogenic activities in vivo. Chalcone-based derivatives were evaluated using a transgenic zebrafish line with fluorescent vessels to real-time monitor the effect on angiogenesis. Results showed that the chalcone analogues did not possess anti-angiogenic effect on zebrafish vasculatures; instead, some of them displayed potent pro-angiogenic effects on the formation of the sub-intestinal vein. Similar pro-angiogenic effects can also be seen on wild type zebrafish embryos. Moreover, the expression of vegfa, the major regulator for angiogenesis, was also upregulated in their treatment. Taken together, we have synthesized and identified a series of novel chalcone-based derivatives as potent in vivo pro-angiogenic compounds. These novel compounds hold potential for therapeutic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yau-Hung Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, 151, Ying-chuan Road, Danshui District, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
| | - Chao-Yuan Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, 151, Ying-chuan Road, Danshui District, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
| | - Chiung-Fang Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Chih Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chia-Yi University, Chia-Yi 60004, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Ting Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, 151, Ying-chuan Road, Danshui District, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Yuh Chern
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chia-Yi University, Chia-Yi 60004, Taiwan.
| | - Jen-Ning Tsai
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
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Ding YJ, Wang BC, Wen CC, Sun CY, Lee HH, Lee FP, Yang LL, Chen YH. Evaluation of the teratogenic effects of three traditional Chinese medicines, Si Jun Zi Tang, Liu Jun Zi Tang and Shenling Baizhu San, during zebrafish pronephros development. J Toxicol Pathol 2015; 28:141-9. [PMID: 26441476 PMCID: PMC4588208 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2013-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the teratogenic effects of three common Chinese
medical prescriptions, Si Jun Zi Tang (SJZT), Liu Jun Zi Tang (LJZT) and Shenling Baizhu
San (SLBS), during zebrafish pronephros development. We used the transgenic zebrafish line
Tg(wt1b:EGFP) to assess the teratogenic effects using
12 different protocols, which comprised combinations of 4 doses (0, 25, 250, 1,250 ng/mL)
and 3 exposure methods [methods I, 12–36 hours post fertilization (hpf), II, 24–48 hpf,
and III, 24–36 hpf]. As a result, few defects in the kidneys were observed in the embryos
exposed to 25 ng/mL of each medical prescription. The percentage of kidney malformation
phenotypes increased as the exposure concentrations increased (25 ng/mL, 0–10%; 250 ng/mL,
0–60%; 1,250 ng/mL, 80–100%). Immunohistochemistry for α6F, which is a basolateral and
renal tubular differentiation marker, revealed no obvious defective phenotypes in either
SJZT- or LJZT-treated embryos, indicating that these Chinese medical prescriptions had
minimal adverse effects on the pronephric duct. However, SLBS-treated embryos displayed a
defective phenotype in the pronephric duct. According to these findings, we suggest (1)
that the Chinese medical prescriptions induced kidney malformation phenotypes that are
dose dependent and (2) that the embryonic zebrafish kidney was more sensitive to SLBS than
SJZT and LJZT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ju Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, No. 151, Ying-chuan Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan 251
| | - Bo-Cheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, No. 151, Ying-chuan Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan 251
| | - Chi-Chung Wen
- Department of Mathematics, Tamkang University, No. 151, Ying-chuan Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan 251
| | - Chiao-Yin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 222, McGinn Road, Keelung, Taiwan 204
| | - Hsun-Hua Lee
- Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, No. 291, Zhongzheng Road, Zhonghe District, New Taipei City, Taiwan 235
| | - Fei-Peng Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wan Fang Hospital, No. 111, Xinlung Road, Sec. 3, Taipei, Taiwan 116 ; Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing Street, Taipei, Taiwan 110
| | - Ling-Ling Yang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Center of e-CAM, Taipei Medical University,No. 250, Wuxing Street, Taipei, Taiwan 110 ; Department of Health and Creative Vegetarian Science, Fo Guang University, No. 160, Linwei Road, Jiaosi, Yilan County, Taiwan 262
| | - Yau-Hung Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, No. 151, Ying-chuan Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan 251
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Wu HJ, Fong TH, Chen SL, Wei JC, Wang IJ, Wen CC, Chang CY, Chen XG, Chen WY, Chen HM, Horng JL, Wang YH, Chen YH. Perturbation of cytosolic calcium by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate and caffeine affects zebrafish myofibril alignment. J Appl Toxicol 2014; 35:287-94. [PMID: 25186829 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of Ca(2+) levels on myofibril alignment during zebrafish embryogenesis. To investigate how altered cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels affect myofibril alignment, we exposed zebrafish embryos to 2-aminothoxyldiphenyl borate (2-APB; an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor inhibitor that reduces cytosolic Ca(2+) levels) and caffeine (a ryanodine receptor activator that enhances cytosolic Ca(2+) levels). The results demonstrated that the most evident changes in zebrafish embryos treated with 2-APB were shorter body length, curved trunk and malformed somite boundary. In contrast, such malformed phenotypes were evident neither in untreated controls nor in caffeine-treated embryos. Subtle morphological changes, including changes in muscle fibers, F-actin and ultrastructures were easily observed by staining with specific monoclonal antibodies (F59 and α-laminin), fluorescent probes (phalloidin) and by transmission electron microscopy. Our data suggested that: (1) the exposure to 2-APB and/or caffeine led to myofibril misalignment; (2) 2-APB-treated embryos displayed split and short myofibril phenotypes, whereas muscle fibers from caffeine-treated embryos were twisted and wavy; and (3) zebrafish embryos co-exposed to 2-APB and caffeine resulted in normal myofibril alignment. In conclusion, we proposed that cytosolic Ca(2+) is important for myogenesis, particularly for myofibril alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ju Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, No. 151, Ying-chuan Road, Tamsui, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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14
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Cheng CC, Chou CY, Chang YC, Wang HW, Wen CC, Chen YH. Protective Role of Comfrey Leave Extracts on UV-induced Zebrafish Fin Damage. J Toxicol Pathol 2014; 27:115-21. [PMID: 25352712 PMCID: PMC4110935 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2013-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In zebrafish, UV exposure leads to fin malformation phenotypes including fin reduction
or absence. The present study evaluated UV-protective activities of comfrey leaves
extracts in a zebrafish model by recording fin morphological changes. Chemopreventive
effects of comfrey leave extracts were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox
proportional hazards regression. The results showed that (1) the mean times of return to
normal fin in the UV+comfrey (50 and 100 ppm) groups were 3.43 and 2.86 days and were
quicker compared with that in the UV only group (4.21 days); (2) zebrafish fins in the
UV+comfrey (50 and 100 ppm) groups were 2.05 and 3.25 times more likely to return to
normal than those in the UV only group; and (3) comfrey leave extracts had UV-absorbance
abilities and significantly reduced ROS production in UV-exposed zebrafish embryos, which
may attenuate UV-mediated apoptosis. In conclusion, comfrey leaves extracts may have the
potential to be developed as UV-protective agents to protect zebrafish embryos from
UV-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chung Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chia-Yi University, Chia-Yi City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yuan Chou
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chin Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, No. 151 Ying-chuan Road, Tamsui, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Wen Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chia-Yi University, Chia-Yi City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chung Wen
- Department of Mathematics, Tamkang University, Tamsui, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Hung Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, No. 151 Ying-chuan Road, Tamsui, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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15
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Lee YT, Fong TH, Chen HM, Chang CY, Wang YH, Chern CY, Chen YH. Toxicity assessments of chalcone and some synthetic chalcone analogues in a zebrafish model. Molecules 2014; 19:641-50. [PMID: 24402197 PMCID: PMC6271973 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19010641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the in vivo toxicities of some novel synthetic chalcones. Chalcone and four chalcone analogues 1a–d were evaluated using zebrafish embryos following antibody staining to visualize their morphological changes and muscle fiber alignment. Results showed that embryos treated with 3'-hydroxychalcone (compound 1b) displayed a high percentage of muscle defects (96.6%), especially myofibril misalignment. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that compound 1b-treated embryos displayed many muscle defect phenotypes, including breakage and collapse of myofibrils, reduced cell numbers, and disorganized thick (myosin) and thin (actin) filaments. Taken together, our results provide in vivo evidence of the myotoxic effects of the synthesized chalcone analogues on developing zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, 151, Yingzhuan Road, Danshui Dist., New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
| | - Tsorng-Harn Fong
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, 151, Yingzhuan Road, Danshui Dist., New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Min Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, 151, Yingzhuan Road, Danshui Dist., New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
| | - Chao-Yuan Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, 151, Yingzhuan Road, Danshui Dist., New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Hsin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, 151, Yingzhuan Road, Danshui Dist., New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Yuh Chern
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, 151, Yingzhuan Road, Danshui Dist., New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
| | - Yau-Hung Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, 151, Yingzhuan Road, Danshui Dist., New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.
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16
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Ding YJ, Chen XG, Chen YH. Molecular structure and developmental expression of two zebrafish Ankylosis Progressive Homolog (ankh) genes, ankha and ankhb. Russ J Dev Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360413060106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Hida M, Hamanaka R, Okamoto O, Yamashita K, Sasaki T, Yoshioka H, Matsuo N. Nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) regulates the proximal promoter activity of the mouse collagen α1(XI) gene (Col11a1) in chondrocytes. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2013; 50:358-66. [PMID: 24092017 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-013-9692-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Type XI collagen, a heterotrimer composed of α1(XI), α2(XI), and α3(XI), plays a critical role in cartilage formation and in skeletal morphogenesis. However, the transcriptional regulation of α1(XI) collagen gene (Col11a1) in chondrocyte is poorly characterized. In this study, we investigated the proximal promoter of mouse Col11a1 gene in chondrocytes. Major transcription start site was located at -299 bp upstream of the translation start site, and the proximal promoter lacks a TATA sequence but has a high guanine-cytosine (GC) content. Cell transfection experiments demonstrated that the segment from -116 to -256 is necessary for activation of the proximal Col11a1 promoter, and an electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that a nuclear protein is bound to the segment from -116 to -176 in this promoter. Additional comparative and in silico analyses demonstrated that an ATTGG sequence, which is critical for binding to nuclear factor Y (NF-Y), is within the highly conserved region from -135 to -145. Interference assays using wild-type and mutant oligonucleotide or with specific antibody revealed that NF-Y protein is bound to this region. Cell transfection experiments with reporter constructs in the absence of NF-Y binding sequence exhibited the suppression of the promoter activity. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that NF-Y protein is directly bound to this region in vivo, and overexpression of dominant-negative NF-Y A mutant also inhibited the proximal promoter activity. Taken together, these results indicate that the transcription factor NF-Y regulates the proximal promoter activity of mouse Col11a1 gene in chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Hida
- Department of Matrix Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
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18
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Chen YH, Pai CW, Huang SW, Chang SN, Lin LY, Chiang FT, Lin JL, Hwang JJ, Tsai CT. Inactivation of Myosin binding protein C homolog in zebrafish as a model for human cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction. J Am Heart Assoc 2013; 2:e000231. [PMID: 24047589 PMCID: PMC3835223 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.113.000231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Sudden cardiac death due to malignant ventricular arrhythmia is a devastating manifestation of cardiac hypertrophy. Sarcomere protein myosin binding protein C is functionally related to cardiac diastolic function and hypertrophy. Zebrafish is a better model to study human electrophysiology and arrhythmia than rodents because of the electrophysiological characteristics similar to those of humans. Methods and Results We established a zebrafish model of cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction by genetic knockdown of myosin binding protein C gene (mybpc3) and investigated the electrophysiological phenotypes in this model. We found expression of zebrafish mybpc3 restrictively in the heart and slow muscle, and mybpc3 gene was evolutionally conservative with sequence homology between zebrafish and human mybpc3 genes. Zebrafish with genetic knockdown of mybpc3 by morpholino showed ventricular hypertrophy with increased myocardial wall thickness and diastolic heart failure, manifesting as decreased ventricular diastolic relaxation velocity, pericardial effusion, and dilatation of the atrium. In terms of electrophysiological phenotypes, mybpc3 knockdown fish had a longer ventricular action potential duration and slower ventricular diastolic calcium reuptake, both of which are typical electrophysiological features in human cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Impaired calcium reuptake resulted in increased susceptibility to calcium transient alternans and action potential duration alternans, which have been proved to be central to the genesis of malignant ventricular fibrillation and a sensitive marker of sudden cardiac death. Conclusions mybpc3 knockdown in zebrafish recapitulated the morphological, mechanical, and electrophysiological phenotypes of human cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic heart failure. Our study also first demonstrated arrhythmogenic cardiac alternans in cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yau-Hung Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, Taipei, Taiwan
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19
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Lin MD, Lee HT, Wang SC, Li HR, Hsien HL, Cheng KW, Chang YD, Huang ML, Yu JK, Chen YH. Expression of phosphatase of regenerating liver family genes during embryogenesis: an evolutionary developmental analysis among Drosophila, amphioxus, and zebrafish. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2013; 13:18. [PMID: 23641863 PMCID: PMC3663695 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-13-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL) family is classified as class IVa of protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP4A) that removes phosphate groups from phosphorylated tyrosine residues on proteins. PRL phosphatases have been implicated in a number of tumorigenesis and metastasis processes and are highly conserved. However, the understanding of PRL expression profiles during embryonic development is very limited. RESULTS In this study, we demonstrated and characterized the comprehensive expression pattern of Drosophila PRL, amphioxus PRL, and zebrafish PRLs during embryonic development by either whole mount immunostaining or in situ hybridization. Our results indicate that Drosophila PRL is mainly enriched in developing mid-guts and central nervous system (CNS) in embryogenesis. In amphioxus, initially PRL gene is expressed ubiquitously during early embryogenesis, but its expression become restricted to the anterior neural tube in the cerebral vesicle. In zebrafish, PRL-1 and PRL-2 share similar expression patterns, most of which are neuronal lineages. In contrast, the expression of zebrafish PRL-3 is more specific and preferential in muscle. CONCLUSIONS This study, for the first time, elucidated the embryonic expression pattern of Drosophila, amphioxus, and zebrafish PRL genes. The shared PRL expression pattern in the developing CNS among diverse animals suggests that PRL may play conserved roles in these animals for CNS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Der Lin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, No,701, Zhongyang Rd,, Sec 3, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
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20
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Tsai IT, Chen YH, Chen YH, Wang YH. Amikacin-induced Fin Reduction is Mediated by Autophagy. J Toxicol Pathol 2013; 26:79-82. [PMID: 23723573 PMCID: PMC3620219 DOI: 10.1293/tox.26.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its medical use, little is known about the mechanisms underlying amikacin-induced embryotoxicity, including fin reduction, in zebrafish. In this study, we examined the expression of well-known autophagy markers mTOR (target of rapamycin), atg10 (autophagy-related gene), atg12 and LC3 (mammalian homolog of Atg8) in amikacin-treated zebrafish embryos. Our results indicated that the mRNA expression level of atg12 in the amikacin-treated group was significantly increased by 1.5-fold (p<0.05) compared with the corresponding mock control group, while the expression levels of atg10 and mTOR were significantly decreased by 0.74-fold (p<0.05) and 0.58-fold (p<0.05), respectively. Western blot analysis revealed that LC3 protein expression was induced by amikacin. Taken together, these data suggest that amikacin-induced fin reduction is mediated by fin cell autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ting Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, 151, Yingzhuan Road, Danshui Dist., New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan, ROC
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21
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Chen YH, Tsai IT, Wen CC, Wang YH, Cheng CC, Hu SC, Chen YH. Fin reduction is a novel and unexpected teratogenic effect of amikacin-treated zebrafish embryos. Toxicol Mech Methods 2012; 22:151-8. [PMID: 22242631 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2011.610385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We used zebrafish as a model to assess amikacin-induced embryotoxicity. We exposed zebrafish embryos to amikacin, using different amikacin doses (0-10 ppm), durations (12-48 h), and onsets (0, 24, 48 hpf). Amikacin-induced embryonic toxicity and reduced survival rate were found dependent on the exposure dose, duration and onset. Based on immunostaining with neuron-specific antibodies, amikacin reduced the number and size of zebrafish neuromasts. In addition, Amikacin caused pelvic, dorsal and anal fin defects in dose-dependent and duration-dependent manners. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunostaining revealed that amikacin-induced fin defects were not due to reduction of proliferating mesenchymal cells. TUNEL assay demonstrated that amikacin-induced fin defects might not associate with apoptosis. Therefore, further investigations are required to elucidate if other cell death pathways are involved in amikacin-induced fin defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hsin Chen
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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22
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Ding YJ, Chen YH. Developmental nephrotoxicity of aristolochic acid in a zebrafish model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 261:59-65. [PMID: 22472514 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Aristolochic acid (AA) is a component of Aristolochia plant extracts which is used as a treatment for different pathologies and their toxicological effects have not been sufficiently studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate AA-induced nephrotoxicity in zebrafish embryos. After soaking zebrafish embryos in AA, the embryos displayed malformed kidney phenotypes, such as curved, cystic pronephric tubes, pronephric ducts, and cases of atrophic glomeruli. The percentages of embryos with malformed kidney phenotypes increased as the exposure dosages of AA increased. Furthermore, AA-treated embryos exhibited significantly reduced glomerular filtration rates (GFRs) in comparison with mock-control littermates (mock-control: 100±2.24% vs. 10 ppm AA treatment for 3-5h: 71.48±18.84%~39.41±15.88%), indicating that AA treatment not only caused morphological kidney changes but also induced renal failure. In addition to kidney malformations, AA-treated zebrafish embryos also exhibited deformed hearts, swollen pericardiums, impaired blood circulation and the accumulation(s) of red blood cells. Whole-mount in situ hybridization studies using cmlc2 and wt1b as riboprobes indicated that the kidney is more sensitive than the heart to AA damage. Real-time PCR showed that AA can up-regulate the expression of proinflammatory genes like TNFα, cox2 and mpo. These results support the following conclusions: (1) AA-induced renal failure is mediated by inflammation, which causes circulation dysfunction followed by serious heart malformation; and (2) the kidney is more sensitive than the heart to AA injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ju Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, Tamsui, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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23
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Chen YH, Yang ZS, Wen CC, Chang YS, Wang BC, Hsiao CA, Shih TL. Evaluation of the structure-activity relationship of flavonoids as antioxidants and toxicants of zebrafish larvae. Food Chem 2012; 134:717-24. [PMID: 23107683 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant ability of an array of commercially available flavonoids was evaluated on the larvae of the zebrafish model organism, in order to find flavonoids with lower toxicities and higher radical oxygen-scavenging properties than flavone. Among the flavonoids tested, chrysin and morin possessed higher reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging rates (-99% and -101%, respectively) and lower toxicity (LD(50)>100 ppm). Zebrafish fins in the UVB+chrysin group were 6.30 times more likely to grow to normal fin size than those in the UVB-only control group, while zebrafish fins in the UVB+morin group were 11.9 times more likely to grow to normal fin size than those in the UVB-only control group. These results were analysed by the QSAR method and were in accordance with predicted values. A new 4'-fluoroflavone was synthesised. The ROS-scavenging rate of 4'-fluoroflavone was -54%, which corresponds well with the predicted value (-48%). We propose that a combination of QSAR prediction and the zebrafish model organism is efficient for evaluating new flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yau-Hung Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, Tamsui 25137, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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24
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Yeh CH, Liao YF, Chang CY, Tsai JN, Wang YH, Cheng CC, Wen CC, Chen YH. Caffeine treatment disturbs the angiogenesis of zebrafish embryos. Drug Chem Toxicol 2012; 35:361-5. [PMID: 22313413 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2011.627864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine is a widely consumed substance that occurs in numerous dietary sources, but teratogenic effects of caffeine intake during embryonic development are still not clear. In the present study, we used the zebrafish as a model to assess caffeine-induced toxicity on embryonic vascular development. A green fluorescent vascular endothelium transgenic line, Tg(fli1:egfp), was utilized for the sensitive detection of vascular development, including vasculo- and angiogenesis. Caffeine-treated embryos showed no defects in vasculogenesis, but revealed dose-dependent (250-350 ppm) developmental defects in intersegmental vessels, dorsal longitudinal anastomotic vessels, and subintestinal vein sprouting. Further, real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of caffeine-treated embryos showed an upregulation of nrp1a along with a downregulation of sema3aa and sema3c. In conclusion, caffeine treatment induces defects of angiogenesis in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hung Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, Tamkang University, Tamsui, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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25
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Tsai IT, Yang ZS, Lin ZY, Wen CC, Cheng CC, Chen YH. Flavone is efficient to protect zebrafish fins from UV-induced damage. Drug Chem Toxicol 2012; 35:341-6. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2011.622771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Lee GH, Chang MY, Hsu CH, Chen YH. Essential roles of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, Capsulin and Musculin, during craniofacial myogenesis of zebrafish. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:4065-78. [PMID: 21347725 PMCID: PMC11114528 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0637-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Capsulin and Musculin are basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, but their biophysiological roles in zebrafish cranial myogenesis are unclear. Expressions of endogenous capsulin transcripts are detected at the central- (~24-hpf) and at dorsal- and ventral-mesoderm cores (~30-72 hpf) of branchial arches. In contrast, musculin transcripts are expressed as a two-phase manner: early phase (20-22 hpf) expressions of musculin are detected at the head mesoderm, whereas late-phase (36-72 hpf) are detected at all presumptive head-muscle precursors. Knockdown of either capsulin or musculin leads to loss of all cranial muscles without affecting trunk muscle development. The defective phenotypes of Capsulin- and Musculin-morphant can be rescued by co-injection of mRNA of each other. Both myf5 and myod transcripts are down-regulated in the Capsulin-morphant while myod transcripts are up-regulated in the Musculin-morphant. Therefore, we propose a putative regulatory network to understand how capsulin/musculin regulate distinctly either myf5 or myod during zebrafish craniofacial myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang-Hui Lee
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, Tamkang University, No. 151 Ying-chun Road, Tamsui, Taipei County, 251 Taiwan
| | - Min-Yen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, Tamkang University, No. 151 Ying-chun Road, Tamsui, Taipei County, 251 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, Tamsui, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Hung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, Tamkang University, No. 151 Ying-chun Road, Tamsui, Taipei County, 251 Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, Tamsui, Taiwan
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Twist controls skeletal development and dorsoventral patterning by regulating runx2 in zebrafish. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27324. [PMID: 22087291 PMCID: PMC3210159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Twist1a and twist1b are the principal components of twists that negatively regulate a number of cellular signaling events. Expression of runx2 and downstream targets is essential for skeletal development and ventral organizer formation and specification in early vertebrate embryos, but what controls ventral activity of maternal runx2 and how twists function in zebrafish embryogenesis still remain unclear. Methodology/Principal Findings By studying the loss of twist induced by injection of morpholino-oligonucleotide in zebrafish, we found that twist1a and twist1b, but not twist2 or twist3, were required for proper skeletal development and dorsoventral patterning in early embryos. Overexpression of twist1a or twist1b following mRNA injection resulted in deteriorated skeletal development and formation of typical dorsalized embryos, whereas knockdown of twist1a and twist1b led to the formation of abnormal embryos with enhanced skeletal formation and typical ventralized patterning. Overexpression of twist1a or twist1b decreased the expression of runx2b, whereas twist1a and twist1b knockdown increased runx2b expression. We have further demonstrated that phenotypes induced by twist1a and twist1b knockdown were rescued by runx2b knockdown. Conclusions/Significance Together, these results suggest that twist1a and twist1b control skeletal development and dorsoventral patterning by regulating runx2b in zebrafish and provide potential targets for the treatment of diseases or syndromes associated with decreased skeletal development.
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28
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Dolfini D, Gatta R, Mantovani R. NF-Y and the transcriptional activation of CCAAT promoters. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 47:29-49. [PMID: 22050321 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2011.628970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The CCAAT box promoter element and NF-Y, the transcription factor (TF) that binds to it, were among the first cis-elements and trans-acting factors identified; their interplay is required for transcriptional activation of a sizeable number of eukaryotic genes. NF-Y consists of three evolutionarily conserved subunits: a dimer of NF-YB and NF-YC which closely resembles a histone, and the "innovative" NF-YA. In this review, we will provide an update on the functional and biological features that make NF-Y a fundamental link between chromatin and transcription. The last 25 years have witnessed a spectacular increase in our knowledge of how genes are regulated: from the identification of cis-acting sequences in promoters and enhancers, and the biochemical characterization of the corresponding TFs, to the merging of chromatin studies with the investigation of enzymatic machines that regulate epigenetic states. Originally identified and studied in yeast and mammals, NF-Y - also termed CBF and CP1 - is composed of three subunits, NF-YA, NF-YB and NF-YC. The complex recognizes the CCAAT pentanucleotide and specific flanking nucleotides with high specificity (Dorn et al., 1997; Hatamochi et al., 1988; Hooft van Huijsduijnen et al, 1987; Kim & Sheffery, 1990). A compelling set of bioinformatics studies clarified that the NF-Y preferred binding site is one of the most frequent promoter elements (Suzuki et al., 2001, 2004; Elkon et al., 2003; Mariño-Ramírez et al., 2004; FitzGerald et al., 2004; Linhart et al., 2005; Zhu et al., 2005; Lee et al., 2007; Abnizova et al., 2007; Grskovic et al., 2007; Halperin et al., 2009; Häkkinen et al., 2011). The same consensus, as determined by mutagenesis and SELEX studies (Bi et al., 1997), was also retrieved in ChIP-on-chip analysis (Testa et al., 2005; Ceribelli et al., 2006; Ceribelli et al., 2008; Reed et al., 2008). Additional structural features of the CCAAT box - position, orientation, presence of multiple Transcriptional Start Sites - were previously reviewed (Dolfini et al., 2009) and will not be considered in detail here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Dolfini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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29
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Chen YH, Chang CY, Wang YH, Wen CC, Chen YC, Hu SC, Yu DS, Chen YH. Embryonic exposure to diclofenac disturbs actin organization and leads to myofibril misalignment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 92:139-47. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.20292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Chen YH, Lin JS. A novel zebrafish mutant with wavy-notochord: an effective biological index for monitoring the copper pollution of water from natural resources. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2011; 26:103-109. [PMID: 19746408 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We identified a novel zebrafish mutant that has wavy-notochord phenotypes, such as severely twisted notochord and posterior malformations, but has normal melanocytes. Histological evidences showed that proliferating vacuolar cells extended their growth to the muscle region, and consequently caused the wavy-notochord phenotypes. Interestingly, those malformations can be greatly reversed by exposure with copper, suggesting that copper plays an important role on wavy-notochord phenotypes. In addition, after long-term copper exposure, the surviving larvae derived from wavy-notochord mutants displayed bone malformations, such as twisted axial skeleton and osteophyte. These phenotypic changes and molecular evidences of wavy-notochord mutants are highly similar to those embryos whose lysyl oxidases activities have been inactivated. Taken together, we propose that (i) the putative mutated genes of this wavy-notochord mutant might be highly associated with the lysyl oxidase genes in zebrafish; and (ii) this fish model is an effective tool for monitoring copper pollution of water from natural resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yau-Hung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, Tamkang University, Tamsui, Taiwan.
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Chen YH, Wen CC, Lin CY, Chou CY, Yang ZS, Wang YH. UV-induced fin damage in zebrafish as a system for evaluating the chemopreventive potential of broccoli and cauliflower extracts. Toxicol Mech Methods 2010; 21:63-9. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2010.529191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Biochemical and structural properties of zebrafish Capsulin produced by Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2010; 75:21-7. [PMID: 20627128 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2010.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Capsulin is one of the transcription factors involved in regulating cell differentiation but its biochemical properties and structural characteristics are still unclear. In the present study, we cloned capsulin from zebrafish, which produces large numbers of transparent embryos and has well-characterized developmental stages. By alignment, the deduced amino acid sequence of zebrafish Capsulin, which contains a putative bHLH motif, shares very high homology to that of other species with an 72-82% identity. Zebrafish Capsulin was also targeted to the nucleus of mammalian cells when overexpressed by transient transfection. In order to characterize the structural and biochemical properties of zebrafish Capsulin, a recombinant zebrafish Capsulin protein was expressed and purified in Escherichia coli. By circular dichroism spectroscopy, Capsulin was shown to be 55% α-helical. The size distribution assay by analytical ultracentrifugation indicated that it existed as a monomer-dimer mixture. The results suggested that the recombinant Capsulin has a well-organized and functional structure. Finally, endogenous Capsulin was distributed mainly in the epicardial cells of zebrafish by immunohistochemistry analysis using antibodies raised against zebrafish Capsulin. The present study not only helps us to comparatively analyze capsulin genes across species, but it also provides valuable structural information for further studies of Capsulin biological function in the future.
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Peng HC, Wang YH, Wen CC, Wang WH, Cheng CC, Chen YH. Nephrotoxicity assessments of acetaminophen during zebrafish embryogenesis. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2010; 151:480-6. [PMID: 20170747 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Revised: 02/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We used a green fluorescent kidney line, Tg(wt1b:GFP), as a model to access the acetaminophen (AAP)-induced nephrotoxicity dynamically. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos at different developmental stages (12-60hpf) were treated with different dosages of AAP (0-45mM) for different time courses (12-60h). Results showed that zebrafish embryos exhibited no evident differences in survival rates and morphological changes between the mock-treated control (0mM) and 2.25mM AAP-exposure (12-72hpf) groups. In contrast, after higher doses (22.5 and 45mM) of exposure, embryos displayed malformed kidney phenotypes, such as curved, cystic pronephric tube, pronephric duct, and a cystic and atrophic glomerulus. The percentages of embryos with malformed kidney phenotypes increased as the exposure dosages of AAP increased. Interestingly, under the same exposure time course (12h) and dose (22.5mM), embryos displayed higher percentages of severe defects at earlier developmental stage of exposure (12-24hpf), whereas embryos displayed higher percentages of mild defects at later exposure (60-72hpf). With an exposure time course less than 24h of 45mM AAP, no embryo survived by the developmental stage of 72hpf. These results indicated that AAP-induced nephrotoxicity depended on the exposure dose, time course and developmental stages. Immunohistochemical experiments showed that the cells' morphologies of the pronephric tube, pronephric duct and glomerulus were disrupted by AAP, and consequently caused cell death. Real-time RT-PCR revealed embryos after AAP treatment decreased the expression of cox2 and bcl2, but increased p53 expression. In conclusion, AAP-induced defects on glomerulus, pronephric tube and pronephric duct could be easily and dynamically observed in vivo during kidney development in this present model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Chu Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, Tamsui, Taiwan.
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Hohenlohe PA, Bassham S, Etter PD, Stiffler N, Johnson EA, Cresko WA. Population genomics of parallel adaptation in threespine stickleback using sequenced RAD tags. PLoS Genet 2010; 6:e1000862. [PMID: 20195501 PMCID: PMC2829049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1112] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing technology provides novel opportunities for gathering genome-scale sequence data in natural populations, laying the empirical foundation for the evolving field of population genomics. Here we conducted a genome scan of nucleotide diversity and differentiation in natural populations of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). We used Illumina-sequenced RAD tags to identify and type over 45,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in each of 100 individuals from two oceanic and three freshwater populations. Overall estimates of genetic diversity and differentiation among populations confirm the biogeographic hypothesis that large panmictic oceanic populations have repeatedly given rise to phenotypically divergent freshwater populations. Genomic regions exhibiting signatures of both balancing and divergent selection were remarkably consistent across multiple, independently derived populations, indicating that replicate parallel phenotypic evolution in stickleback may be occurring through extensive, parallel genetic evolution at a genome-wide scale. Some of these genomic regions co-localize with previously identified QTL for stickleback phenotypic variation identified using laboratory mapping crosses. In addition, we have identified several novel regions showing parallel differentiation across independent populations. Annotation of these regions revealed numerous genes that are candidates for stickleback phenotypic evolution and will form the basis of future genetic analyses in this and other organisms. This study represents the first high-density SNP-based genome scan of genetic diversity and differentiation for populations of threespine stickleback in the wild. These data illustrate the complementary nature of laboratory crosses and population genomic scans by confirming the adaptive significance of previously identified genomic regions, elucidating the particular evolutionary and demographic history of such regions in natural populations, and identifying new genomic regions and candidate genes of evolutionary significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Hohenlohe
- Center for Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Susan Bassham
- Center for Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Paul D. Etter
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Stiffler
- Genomics Core Facility, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Eric A. Johnson
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - William A. Cresko
- Center for Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
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Population genomics of parallel adaptation in threespine stickleback using sequenced RAD tags. PLoS Genet 2010. [PMID: 20195501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000862.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing technology provides novel opportunities for gathering genome-scale sequence data in natural populations, laying the empirical foundation for the evolving field of population genomics. Here we conducted a genome scan of nucleotide diversity and differentiation in natural populations of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). We used Illumina-sequenced RAD tags to identify and type over 45,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in each of 100 individuals from two oceanic and three freshwater populations. Overall estimates of genetic diversity and differentiation among populations confirm the biogeographic hypothesis that large panmictic oceanic populations have repeatedly given rise to phenotypically divergent freshwater populations. Genomic regions exhibiting signatures of both balancing and divergent selection were remarkably consistent across multiple, independently derived populations, indicating that replicate parallel phenotypic evolution in stickleback may be occurring through extensive, parallel genetic evolution at a genome-wide scale. Some of these genomic regions co-localize with previously identified QTL for stickleback phenotypic variation identified using laboratory mapping crosses. In addition, we have identified several novel regions showing parallel differentiation across independent populations. Annotation of these regions revealed numerous genes that are candidates for stickleback phenotypic evolution and will form the basis of future genetic analyses in this and other organisms. This study represents the first high-density SNP-based genome scan of genetic diversity and differentiation for populations of threespine stickleback in the wild. These data illustrate the complementary nature of laboratory crosses and population genomic scans by confirming the adaptive significance of previously identified genomic regions, elucidating the particular evolutionary and demographic history of such regions in natural populations, and identifying new genomic regions and candidate genes of evolutionary significance.
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Transgenic expression of prothymosin alpha on zebrafish epidermal cells promotes proliferation and attenuates UVB-induced apoptosis. Transgenic Res 2009; 19:655-65. [PMID: 20012190 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-009-9350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study generated a transgenic zebrafish line Tg(k18:Ptmaa-RFP) with overexpression of Prothymosin alpha type a (Ptmaa) in the skin epidermis. Red fluorescence first appears very weakly in the early stage, become stronger and mainly restricted in the nuclei of the epithelial cells from 3 dpf-larvae to adult fish. However, no evident morphological abnormalities were observed. Thus, overexpression of Ptmaa alone is not sufficient to cause disorganized growths or even cancer in zebrafish skin. Molecular and histological evidences showed that Tg(k18:Ptmaa-RFP) embryos have more proliferating cells in the pelvic fins [WT: 3.92 +/- 7.15; Tg(k18:Ptmaa-RFP): 38.00 +/- 10.87] and thicker skin [WT: 10.98 +/- 1.41 mum; Tg(k18:Ptmaa-RFP): 14.02 +/- 1.32 mum], indicating that overexpression of Ptmaa can promote proliferation. On the other hand, fewer apoptotic signals were found when Tg(k18:Ptmaa-RFP) embryos were exposed to UVB. Together with quantitative RT-PCR data, we suggest that UVB-induced epidermal cell apoptosis of zebrafish larvae can be attenuated by overexpression of Ptmaa through the enhancement of transcriptions of bcl2 mRNAs. Taken together, we conclude that overexpression of Ptmaa in zebrafish epidermal cells promotes proliferation and attenuates UVB-induced apoptosis but does not cause skin cancer.
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Wang YH, Cheng CC, Lee WJ, Chiou ML, Pai CW, Wen CC, Chen WL, Chen YH. A novel phenotype-based approach for systematically screening antiproliferation metallodrugs. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 182:84-91. [PMID: 19682442 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Revised: 07/13/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium (Ru) derivatives have less toxicity and higher water-solubility than cisplatin, giving them great potential as antitumor metallodrugs. In this study, zebrafish were employed as a whole-organism model to screen new Ru compounds for anti-cell proliferation activity. After soaking fish embryos in cisplatin and five Ru derivatives, [Ru(terpy)(bpy)Cl]Cl, [Ru(terpy)(dppz)OH(2)](ClO(4))(2), [Ru(terpy)(tMen)OH(2)](ClO(4))(2), [Ru(terpy)(Me(4)Phen)OH(2)](ClO(4))(2), and Ru(bpy)(2)Cl(2), only cisplatin and [Ru(terpy)(bpy)Cl]Cl-treated embryos displayed obvious phenotypic effects, such as fin-reduction. After further modification of [Ru(terpy)(bpy)Cl]Cl's main structure and the synthesis of two structurally related compounds, [Ru(terpy)(dcbpyH(2))Cl]Cl and [Ru(terpy)(dmbpy)Cl]Cl, only [Ru(terpy)(dmbpy)Cl]Cl exhibited fin-reduction phenotypes. TUNEL assays combined with immunostaining techniques revealed that treatment with cisplatin, [Ru(terpy)(bpy)Cl]Cl, and [Ru(terpy)(dmbpy)Cl]Cl led proliferating fin mesenchymal cells to undergo apoptosis and consequently caused fin-reduction phenotypes. Furthermore, [Ru(terpy)(bpy)Cl]Cl was able to activate the P53-dependent and independent pathways, and induced human hepatoma cells to undergo apoptosis. In summary, it was concluded that the zebrafish model was effective for the screening of phenotype-based antiproliferation metallodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hsin Wang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, Tamkang University, No. 151 Ying-chuan Road, Tamsui 251, Taipei County, Taiwan
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Chen YH, Wang YH, Yu TH, Wu HJ, Pai CW. Transgenic zebrafish line with over-expression of Hedgehog on the skin: a useful tool to screen Hedgehog-inhibiting compounds. Transgenic Res 2009; 18:855-64. [PMID: 19412740 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-009-9275-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We generated a transgenic line Tg(k18:shh:RFP) with overexpression of Sonic hedgehog in the skin epidermis. By 5 day-post-fertilization (dpf), many epidermal lesions were clearly observed, including a swollen yolk sac, epidermis growth malformation around the eyes and at the basement of the pectoral fins. Skin histology revealed embryos derived from Tg(k18:shh:RFP) displayed an elevated Nuclear/Cytoplasmic ratio and pleomorphic nuclei compared to their wild type littermates, suggesting the abnormal growth pattern on the epidermis of Tg(k18:shh:RFP) embryos were dysplasia. Later (by 7 dpf), Tg(k18:shh:RFP) embryos displayed broader pectoral fins which are similar to the polydactyly phenotypes of Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS)/Gorlin patients and polydactylous mice. In addition, treatment with cyclopamine is able to enhance and prolong the survival rates and survival durations of Tg(k18:shh:RFP) embryos. In conclusion, this unique Tg(k18:shh:RFP) fish line, should be an excellent experimental animal for screening for a lower toxicity level of the new Hh-inhibitor and can even be used as a new anti-cancer drug-screening platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yau-Hung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, Tamkang University, No. 151 Ying-chuan Road, Tamsui, Taipei County, 251, Taiwan.
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