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Lyu J, Lee K, Jung S, Park YJ. Associations of meal timing and sleep duration with incidence of obesity: a prospective cohort study. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100220. [PMID: 38564828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Late mealtime and short sleep are known to be associated with obesity risk due to a misaligned circadian rhythm. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between obesity and mealtime and sleep duration using the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) data. DESIGN Longitudinally prospective cohort study. SETTING Population-based. PARTICIPANTS KoGES analysed data from 9,474 Korean adults with an average age of 54- years old at baseline. MEASUREMENTS Meal timing was defined as the eating occasions of the day reported by the participant eating a 24-h dietary recall method. Sleep duration was categorized as <6, 6-7, 7-8, and ≥8 h. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident obesity according to meal timing, sleep duration, and nightly fasting duration. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 3.5 years, 826 participants developed obesity. In the multivariable-adjusted analysis, midnight snack eating (HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.02-1.41) and higher energy intake from midnight snacks (HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.06-1.49) were associated with a higher risk of obesity. Sleeping 8 h or more (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.53-0.85) was associated with a lower risk of obesity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the importance of meal and sleep times and suggest that healthy eating habits related to the time of day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Lyu
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; Division of Population Health Research, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Chungcheongbuk-do 28160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoungho Lee
- Division of Population Health Research, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Chungcheongbuk-do 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyoun Jung
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; Graduate Program in System Health Science & Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoon Jung Park
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; Graduate Program in System Health Science & Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
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Chen ZW, Jin T, Liang PP, Li ZD, He FJ, Chen ZH, Song XH, Zhu YF, Hu JK, Yang K. Incidence of cancer for patients after bariatric surgery: evidence from 33 cohort studies. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2024; 20:467-481. [PMID: 38151417 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the rising prevalence of severe obesity, bariatric surgery has emerged as a crucial treatment option. As the number of surgeries performed worldwide increases, there has been growing interest in the impact of bariatric surgery on cancer incidence. While several studies have examined this relationship, the topic remains controversial. OBJECTIVES We conducted this systematic review of cohort studies with meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of bariatric surgery versus nonsurgical treatment on overall cancer incidence. However, the effects may vary when focusing on specific cancer types, surgical procedures, or gender, so we conducted additional subgroup analyses. SETTING A meta-analysis. University hospital. METHODS The Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched for studies from 1 January 2000 to 1 December 2022. Meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the pooled effect and further implemented subgroup analysis stratified by cancer type, operation type, and sex. RESULTS All cohort studies were included in this meta-analysis from 18,216 studies. The overall cancer incidence demonstrated a significant decrease in the group with bariatric surgery (odds ratios [OR] = .56, P = .000, 95% CI .46 to .68). In subgroup analysis, similar decrease effect was found in 9 cancers. Furthermore, the incidence of cancer decreased significantly in male (OR = .66, P = .001, 95% CI .51 to .85) and female patients (OR = .63, P = .000, 95% CI .57 to .69) and patients undergoing gastric bypass (OR = .46, P = .000, 95% CI .33 to .63) or sleeve gastrectomy (OR = .44, P = .001, 95% CI .27 to .70). CONCLUSIONS In the overall analysis, bariatric surgery could reduce the incidence of cancer significantly. Further large-scale well-matched studies are needed to verify the protective effect of bariatric surgery on cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wen Chen
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Pan-Ping Liang
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ze-Dong Li
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Feng-Jun He
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ze-Hua Chen
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Hai Song
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yun-Feng Zhu
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jian-Kun Hu
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China; Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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Enebe JT, Enebe NO, Nwagha TU, Meka IA, Nwankwo ME, Izuka EO, Egede JO, Ugwu IA, Okoro NI, Okoye HC, Iyoke CA. Serum leptin levels and relationship with maternal weight gain at term among obese and non-obese pregnant women in Enugu, Nigeria: a comparative cross-sectional study. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231213265. [PMID: 38017364 PMCID: PMC10686020 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231213265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine and compare the mean maternal serum leptin levels, the prevalence of high serum leptin levels and mean gestational weight gain at term among obese and non-obese pregnant women in Enugu, Nigeria. METHODS This cross-sectional comparative study enrolled obese and non-obese pregnant women. The serum leptin levels of the women were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Anthropometric and sociodemographic data were obtained and compared. Mean weight gain during pregnancy was determined. RESULTS A total of 170 pregnant women were included in the study. The mean ± SD serum leptin level (99.39 ± 50.2 ng/ml) and the prevalence of hyperleptinaemia (81 of 85 patients; 95.3%) among the obese pregnant women at term were significantly higher than those of the non-obese pregnant women (48.98 ± 30.35 ng/ml/65 of 85 patients; 76.5%). The mean percentage weight gain was significantly higher in the non-obese women compared with the obese women at term. The predictors of high maternal serum leptin level at term among the participants were the employment status and levels of education of the participants. CONCLUSION Maternal serum leptin level, maternal weight gain and prevalence of hyperleptinaemia at term were significantly higher in the obese compared with the non-obese pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Tochukwu Enebe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, College of Medicine/Teaching Hospital, Parklane, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Nympha Onyinye Enebe
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Ituku Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Theresa Ukamaka Nwagha
- Department of Haematology and Immunology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Ituku Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Haematology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Ituku Ozalla Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Ijeoma Angela Meka
- Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Ituku Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Malackay Ezenwaeze Nwankwo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, College of Medicine/Teaching Hospital, Parklane, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Obiora Izuka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Ituku Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - John Okafor Egede
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Innocent Anayochukwu Ugwu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, College of Medicine/Teaching Hospital, Parklane, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Ngozi Ijeoma Okoro
- Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT), Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Helen Chioma Okoye
- Department of Haematology and Immunology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Ituku Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Chukwuemeka Anthony Iyoke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Ituku/Ozalla Campus, Enugu State, Nigeria
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ERGÜN C, MERAL KOC B, KALEOĞLU S. 20-55 Yaş Arası Kadınların Beden Algılarının Değerlendirilmesi. İSTANBUL GELIŞIM ÜNIVERSITESI SAĞLIK BILIMLERI DERGISI 2022. [DOI: 10.38079/igusabder.1196777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Amaç: Beden algısı, algılanan ile sahip olunan vücut ağırlığı arasındaki uyum olup beden algısındaki bozulmalar duygu durum bozukluğu, depresyon, yeme bozuklukları, obezite, aşırı artmış fiziksel aktivite gibi olumsuz durumlara zemin oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı 20-55 yaş arası kadınların beden algısının ve beden memnuniyetinin değerlendirilmesidir.Yöntem: Çalışmaya 20-55 yaşları arasında 236 kadın katılmıştır. Çalışmada katılımcılardan antropometrik ölçümler, sosyodemografik özellikler ve obeziteye dair bilgi düzeyinin belirlenmesine yönelik bilgiler alınmıştır. Beden algılarının saptanması için belirli Beden Kütle İndeksi (BKİ) değerlerine sahip 1’den 6’ya kadar sıralanmış kimliksiz silüetler katılımcılar tarafından kişilik, sağlık, sosyal özelliklerine göre değerlendirilmiştir.Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan kadınların %65,3’ünde beden ağırlığı memnuniyetsizliği olduğu; memnun olmayanların %92,2’sinin ise ağırlık kaybetmek istedikleri gözlemlenmiştir. Katılımcılar düşük BKİ’ye sahip silüetleri kişilik, sosyal, sağlık yönünden daha olumlu özellikler ile eşleştirmiştir. Beden memnuniyetsizliğinin ve bozuk beden ağırlığı algısının artan BKİ, yaş, kronik hastalık durumu ile anlamlı bir biçimde ilişkili olduğu; eğitim düzeyi, meslek grubu, fiziksel aktivite düzeyi, obeziteye dair bilgi düzeyi ile anlamlı bir ilişkisi olmadığı saptanmıştır.Sonuç: Kadınların çoğunda bozuk beden algısı olduğu daha ince bir vücut görünümünü idealleştirdikleri, hafif şişman silüetleri obez olarak niteledikleri tespit edilmiştir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can ERGÜN
- BAHÇEŞEHİR ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ, BESLENME VE DİYETETİK BÖLÜMÜ
| | - Bilge MERAL KOC
- BAHÇEŞEHİR ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ, BESLENME VE DİYETETİK BÖLÜMÜ
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Jeje SO, Adenawoola M, Abosede C. Gestational Nutrition as a Predisposing Factor to Obesity Onset in Offspring: Role for Involvement of Epigenetic Mechanism. Niger J Physiol Sci 2022; 37:1-7. [PMID: 35947841 DOI: 10.54548/njps.v37i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Maternal lifestyle has been implicated as a predisposing factor in the development of metabolic disorders in adulthood. This lifestyle includes the immediate environment, physical activity and nutrition. Maternal nutrition has direct influence on the developmental programming through biochemical alterations and can lead to modifications in the fetal genome through epigenetic mechanisms. Imbalance in basic micro or macro nutrients due to famine or food deficiency during delicate gestational periods can lead to onset of metabolic syndrome including obesity. A major example is the Dutch famine which led to a serious metabolic disorder in adulthood of affected infants. Notably due to gene variants, individualized responses to nutritional deficiencies are unconventional, therefore intensifying the need to study nutritional genomics during fetal programming. Epigenetic mechanisms can cause hereditary changes without changing the DNA sequence; the major mechanisms include small non-coding RNAs, histone modifications and most stable of all is DNA methylation. The significance association between obesity and DNA methylation is through regulation of genes implicated in lipid and glucose metabolism either directly or indirectly by hypomethylation or hypermethylation. Examples include CPT1A, APOA2, ADRB3 and POMC. Any maternal exposure to malnutrition or overnutrition that can affect genes regulating major metabolic pathways in the fetus, will eventually cause underlying changes that can predispose or cause the onset of metabolic disorder in adulthood. In this review, we examined the interaction between nutrition during gestation and epigenetic programming of metabolic syndrome.
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Denneval A, Chalumeau C, Iceta S, Pelascini E, Disse E, Robert M. Revision of Mason's procedure (vertical banded gastroplasty) to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: role of an associated fundectomy in weight loss outcomes. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2021; 17:870-877. [PMID: 33549506 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) presents a significant rate of long-term complications, and revisions are often necessary. Conversion to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) seems to be preferred, but literature data remain limited. OBJECTIVES To analyze the indications, safety, results of conversions from VBG to RYGB, and to identify predictive factors of success or failure. SETTING Two specialized centers of bariatric surgery. METHODS This bicentric retrospective study included all the patients who benefited from a conversion from VBG to RYGB between 2008 and January 2020. Demographic characteristics, indications, preoperative workups, intraoperative data, complications, and weight loss results were analyzed. RESULTS During the study period, 85 patients underwent a conversion to RYGB. The mean body mass index (BMI_ before conversion was 40.6 kg/m2. 82.3% of the patients were converted because of weight loss failure and 17.6% because of a complication of their VBG. The global rate of complications was 25%. After an average follow-up of 35 months and a rate of loss to follow-up of 33%, the mean BMI was 33.5 kg/m. The weight loss success rate according to Reinhold's criteria was 64.7%, and resolution of complications was obtained in 89.1%. The association of a fundectomy was a predictive factor of weight loss (odds ratio, .27; P = .04), whereas primary failure of the VBG was a predictive factor of failure. CONCLUSION Conversion from VBG to RYGB remains the procedure of choice to achieve satisfying weight loss and resolution of functional complications. The addition of a fundectomy appeared to have a significant positive impact on weight loss outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Denneval
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Center of Bariatric Surgery, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Department of Endocrinology Diabetology and Nutrition, Centre Intégré et Spécialisé de l'Obésité de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France.
| | - Claire Chalumeau
- Fédération de Chirurgie Viscérale, Centre Hospitalier William Morey, Chalon-sur-Saône, France
| | - Sylvain Iceta
- Department of Endocrinology Diabetology and Nutrition, Centre Intégré et Spécialisé de l'Obésité de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Quebec Heart and Lung Institute (IUCPQ), Québec, Canada; School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Elise Pelascini
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Center of Bariatric Surgery, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Department of Endocrinology Diabetology and Nutrition, Centre Intégré et Spécialisé de l'Obésité de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Emmanuel Disse
- Department of Endocrinology Diabetology and Nutrition, Centre Intégré et Spécialisé de l'Obésité de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Carmen Lab, INSERM Unit 1060, Groupement Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Maud Robert
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Center of Bariatric Surgery, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Department of Endocrinology Diabetology and Nutrition, Centre Intégré et Spécialisé de l'Obésité de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Carmen Lab, INSERM Unit 1060, Groupement Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
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Tung YC, Chou RF, Nagabhushanam K, Ho CT, Pan MH. 3'-Hydroxydaidzein Improves Obesity Through the Induced Browning of Beige Adipose and Modulation of Gut Microbiota in Mice with Obesity Induced by a High-Fat Diet. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14513-14522. [PMID: 33231468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is an important health issue nowadays. 3'-Hydroxydaidzein (OHD) is a metabolite of daidzein (DAI) that can be found in fermented soybean products, such as miso. DAI has been known to affect lipid accumulation, but the effect of OHD on lipid accumulation still needs to be investigated. In this study, we investigated the effects of OHD on mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). The results showed that mice treated with 0.1% OHD (HOHD) significantly reduced their body weight and inguinal fat without altering their food intake compared with the HFD group. The HOHD and DAI groups' hyperlipidemia were alleviated through decreased serum triacylglycerols and total cholesterol levels. The adipocyte sizes in inguinal fat were significantly smaller in the HOHD and DAI groups compared with the HFD group. Both the HOHD and DAI groups had increased PRDM16, C/EBP β, p-p38, SIRT1, PGC1 α, and UCP1 protein expression in their inguinal adipose tissue compared with the HFD group. Moreover, the OHD and DAI groups had significantly lower amounts of Lachnospira and GCA_900066225 compared with the HFD group. Collectively, OHD can ameliorate HFD-induced obesity in mice by stimulating the browning of the white adipose tissue and modulating gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chen Tung
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Fong Chou
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | | | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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Perrone VG, Iacopi S, Amorese G, Boggi U. Impact of nutritional status on outcome of pancreatic resections for pancreatic cancer and periampullary tumors. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2020; 9:669-672. [PMID: 33163521 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn-20-498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Iacopi
- Division of General and Transplant Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriella Amorese
- Division of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedialiero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ugo Boggi
- Division of General and Transplant Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Mellor EL, Cuthill IC, Schwitzer C, Mason GJ, Mendl M. Large Lemurs: Ecological, Demographic and Environmental Risk Factors for Weight Gain in Captivity. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081443. [PMID: 32824807 PMCID: PMC7460476 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Excessive body mass, i.e., being overweight or obese, is a health concern. Some lemur species are prone to extreme weight gain in captivity, yet for others a healthy body condition is typical. The first aim of our study was to examine possible ecological explanations for these species’ differences in susceptibility to captive weight gain across 13 lemur species. Our second aim was to explore demographic and environmental risk factors across individuals from the four best-sampled species. We found a potential ecological explanation for susceptibility to captive weight gain: being adapted to unpredictable wild food resources. Additionally, we also revealed one environmental and four demographic risk factors, e.g., increasing age and, for males, being housed with only fixed climbing structures. Our results indicate targeted practical ways to help address weight issues in affected animals, e.g., by highlighting at-risk species for whom extra care should be taken when designing diets; and by providing a mixture of flexible and fixed climbing structures within enclosures. Abstract Excessive body mass, i.e., being overweight or obese, is a health concern associated with issues such as reduced fertility and lifespan. Some lemur species are prone to extreme weight gain in captivity, yet others are not. To better understand species- and individual-level effects on susceptibility to captive weight gain, we use two complementary methods: phylogenetic comparative methods to examine ecological explanations for susceptibility to weight gain across species, and epidemiological approaches to examine demographic and environment effects within species. Data on body masses and living conditions were collected using a survey, yielding useable data on 675 lemurs representing 13 species from 96 collections worldwide. Data on species-typical wild ecology for comparative analyses came from published literature and climate databases. We uncovered one potential ecological risk factor: species adapted to greater wild food resource unpredictability tended to be more prone to weight gain. Our epidemiological analyses on the four best-sampled species revealed four demographic and one environmental risk factors, e.g., for males, being housed with only fixed climbing structures. We make practical recommendations to help address weight concerns, and describe future research including ways to validate the proxy we used to infer body condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Mellor
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK;
- Correspondence:
| | - Innes C. Cuthill
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK;
| | | | - Georgia J. Mason
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Michael Mendl
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK;
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Letamo G. Dual burden of underweight and overweight/obesity among adults in Botswana: prevalence, trends and sociodemographic correlates: a cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e038614. [PMID: 32641341 PMCID: PMC7348473 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence and trends in underweight, overweight/obesity and identify their sociodemographic correlates among adults in Botswana from 2007 to 2017. DESIGN The study analysed cross-sectional and nationally representative data from 2007 to 2014 Botswana STEPS Surveys and the 2017 Botswana Demographic Survey. SETTING Botswana. PARTICIPANTS Botswana adults aged 25-64 years (n=4003 in 2007, n=2983 in 2014 and n=11 550 in 2017). PRIMARY OUTCOME Underweight and overweight/obesity. RESULTS The prevalence of underweight decreased from 18.1% (95% CI 12.0% to 26.3%) in 2007 to 11.6% (95% CI 9.5% to 13.9%) in 2014 and further dropped to 8.1% (95% CI 7.5% to 8.8%) in 2017. The prevalence of overweight/obesity increased slightly from 37.4% (95% CI 34.3% to 40.7%) in 2007 to 38.6% (95% CI 35.9% to 41.3%) in 2014 to 47.3% (95% CI 46.1% to 48.4%) in 2017. Underweight was more prevalent among males than females while overweight and obesity were more prevalent among females than males. The key risk factor for underweight was being male (adjusted OR (AOR) 2.21: 95% CI 1.80 to 2.72 in 2007, AOR 1.54: 95% CI 1.06 to 2.22 in 2014 and AOR 1.51: 95% CI 1.45 to 1.58 in 2017). For overweight/obesity, the main risk factors were being female (male AOR 0.23: 95% CI 0.15 to 0.35 in 2007, AOR 0.32: 95% CI 0.25 to 0.42 in 2014 and AOR 0.30: 95% CI 0.29 to 0.31 in 2017), being old (AOR 2.18: 95% CI 1.58 to 3.01 in 2007, AOR 2.37: 95% CI 1.71 to 3.29 in 2014) and AOR 2.10: 95% CI 1.94 to 2.27 in 2017 among those aged 55-64 years) and not working (AOR 1.70: 95% CI 1.20 to 2.42 in 2007, AOR 2.05: 95% CI 1.55 to 2.69 in 2014 and AOR 1.34: 95% CI 1.27 to 1.40 in 2017). CONCLUSIONS The findings presented in this study indicate coexistence of the double burden of underweight and overweight/obesity among adults aged 25-64 years in Botswana. Although underweight prevalence is on the decline, overweight/obesity is increasing over time. The problem of underweight and overweight/obesity needs immediate and effective interventions.
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Dagbasi A, Lett AM, Murphy K, Frost G. Understanding the interplay between food structure, intestinal bacterial fermentation and appetite control. Proc Nutr Soc 2020; 79:1-17. [PMID: 32383415 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665120006941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical evidence highlight the benefit of dietary fibre consumption on body weight. This benefit is partly attributed to the interaction of dietary fibre with the gut microbiota. Dietary fibre possesses a complex food structure which resists digestion in the upper gut and therefore reaches the distal gut where it becomes available for bacterial fermentation. This process yields SCFA which stimulate the release of appetite-suppressing hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY. Food structures can further enhance the delivery of fermentable substrates to the distal gut by protecting the intracellular nutrients during upper gastrointestinal digestion. Domestic and industrial processing can disturb these food structures that act like barriers towards digestive enzymes. This leads to more digestible products that are better absorbed in the upper gut. As a result, less resistant material (fibre) and intracellular nutrients may reach the distal gut, thus reducing substrates for bacterial fermentation and its subsequent benefits on the host metabolism including appetite suppression. Understanding this link is essential for the design of diets and food products that can promote appetite suppression and act as a successful strategy towards obesity management. This article reviews the current evidence in the interplay between food structure, bacterial fermentation and appetite control.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dagbasi
- Department of Medicine, Section for Nutrition Research, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - A M Lett
- Department of Medicine, Section for Nutrition Research, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - K Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - G Frost
- Department of Medicine, Section for Nutrition Research, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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12
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Yang X, Lin C, Cai S, Li W, Tang J, Wu X. Therapeutic effects of noni fruit water extract and polysaccharide on oxidative stress and inflammation in mice under high-fat diet. Food Funct 2020; 11:1133-1145. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01859j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to compare the therapeutic effects of noni fruit water extract (NFW) and noni fruit polysaccharide (NFP) on oxidative stress and inflammation in mice under high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Yang
- School of Public Health
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510310
- China
| | - Chunrui Lin
- School of Public Health
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510310
- China
| | - Shuang Cai
- School of Public Health
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou 510310
- China
| | - Wenzhi Li
- Infinitus (China) Co. Ltd
- Xinhui 529156
- China
| | - Jian Tang
- Infinitus (China) Co. Ltd
- Xinhui 529156
- China
| | - Xiaoyong Wu
- School of Food Science
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Zhongshan 528453
- China
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13
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Dou D, Chen QQ, Zhong ZQ, Xia XW, Ding WJ. Regulating the Enteric Nervous System against Obesity in Mice by Electroacupuncture. Neuroimmunomodulation 2020; 27:48-57. [PMID: 32516787 DOI: 10.1159/000506483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The enteric nervous system (ENS) dominates the onset of obesity and has been shown to regulate nutrient absorption and energy metabolism. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN This study was performed to investigate the role of electroacupuncture in regulating ENS function in obese mice. Obese mice were obtained by high-fat diet. 16S rRNA pyrosequencing, Western blotting, quantitative PCR, and neurotransmitter analysis were used for this purpose. RESULTS Body weight, Lee index, serum lipid, leptin, and adiponectin levels, and other basic indices were significantly ameliorated after electroacupuncture intervention. The pathological ENS scores, serum neurotransmitter levels, and intestinal transit rate were markedly changed in obese mice. Moreover, electroacupuncture promoted the diversity of gut microbiota. No significant differences were observed 21 and 28 days after electroacupuncture. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested ENS may be a new treatment approach to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Dou
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zunyi Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Qiao Qiao Chen
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhan-Qiong Zhong
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiu-Wen Xia
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei-Jun Ding
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,
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ALjaraedah TY, Takruri HR, Tayyem RF. Dietary practices and nutrient intake among adolescents: A general review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2019.100145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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15
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Wehling H, Lusher J. People with a body mass index ⩾30 under-report their dietary intake: A systematic review. J Health Psychol 2017; 24:2042-2059. [PMID: 28810493 DOI: 10.1177/1359105317714318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Under-reporting of total energy intake is a common and well-known source of measurement error in dietary assessment, and evidence suggests that this bias is particularly significant in obese individuals. After a multi-stage selection process of eligible papers, this literature review appraised 34 papers detailing the accuracy of self-reported dietary intake in people with an obese body mass index (BMI ⩾ 30). The available literature to date shows that having a body mass index ⩾30 is associated with significant under-reporting of food intake. Future research should look into identifying effective techniques to reduce this bias in clinical practice.
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16
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Ramírez-Vélez R, Moreno-Jiménez J, Correa-Bautista JE, Martínez-Torres J, González-Ruiz K, González-Jiménez E, Schmidt-RioValle J, Lobelo F, Garcia-Hermoso A. Using LMS tables to determine waist circumference and waist-to-height ratios in Colombian children and adolescents: the FUPRECOL study. BMC Pediatr 2017; 17:162. [PMID: 28697745 PMCID: PMC5506645 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-017-0919-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) are often used as indices predictive of central obesity. The aims of this study were: 1) to obtain smoothed centile charts and LMS tables for WC and WHtR among Colombian children and adolescents; 2) to evaluate the utility of these parameters as predictors of overweight and obesity. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted of a sample population of 7954 healthy Colombian schoolchildren [3460 boys and 4494 girls, mean age 12.8 (±2.3) years]. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), WC and WHtR were measured, and percentiles were calculated using the LMS method (Box-Cox, median and coefficient of variation). Appropriate cut-off points of WC and WHtR for overweight and obesity, according to International Obesity Task Force definitions, were selected using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The discriminating power of WC and WHtR is expressed as area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS Reference values for WC and WHtR are presented. Mean WC increased and WHtR decreased with age for both genders. A moderate positive correlation was observed between WC and BMI (r = 0.756, P < 0.01) and between WHtR and BMI (r = 0.604, P < 0.01). ROC analysis revealed strong discrimination power in the identification of overweight and obesity for both measures in our sample population. Overall, WHtR was a slightly better predictor of overweight/obesity (AUC 95% CI 0.868-0.916) than WC (AUC 95% CI 0.862-0.904). CONCLUSION This paper presents the first sex and age-specific WC and WHtR percentiles for Colombian children and adolescents aged 9.0-17.9 years. The LMS tables obtained, based on Colombian reference data, can be used as quantitative tools for the study of obesity and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA). Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Cra. 24 No. 63C - 69, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Javier Moreno-Jiménez
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA). Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Cra. 24 No. 63C - 69, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA). Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Cra. 24 No. 63C - 69, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Javier Martínez-Torres
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA). Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Cra. 24 No. 63C - 69, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Katherine González-Ruiz
- Grupo de Ejercicio Físico y Deportes, Facultad de Salud, Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones, Universidad Manuela Beltrán, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Emilio González-Jiménez
- Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Avda. De la Ilustración, s/n, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Grupo CTS-436: Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento (CIMCYC), Granada, Spain
| | - Jacqueline Schmidt-RioValle
- Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Avda. De la Ilustración, s/n, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Grupo CTS-436: Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento (CIMCYC), Granada, Spain
| | - Felipe Lobelo
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Antonio Garcia-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
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Abstract
AIM There is a need to develop sound healthcare practices where patients and providers are able to succeed in meeting weight management goals. The aim of this analysis is to develop a better understanding the concept of weight management. BACKGROUND Obesity is a rapidly growing healthcare issue, reaching epidemic levels around the world. According to the World Health Organization, the current incident rate of obesity makes it the leading risk for death across the globe. DESIGN Walker and Avant's model for concept analysis. DATA SOURCE A literature search was accomplished using Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, Health Source: Nursing Academic Edition, Medline, and ProQuest Health and Medical Complete. REVIEW METHODS Keywords included weight management, weight control, weight loss, obesity, weight, and management. RESULTS Weight management is complex concept. Strategies to develop successful weight management programs need to be multifaceted to have impact on this healthcare crisis. CONCLUSION The critical attributes for weight management are dietary measures, physical activity, behavior modification, motivation, education, and lifelong changes. Unsuccessful weight management results in metabolic disorders and increased risk of mortality. Successful weight management practices include the prevention of weight gain, weight loss, and maintenance of ideal body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie L Winik
- Student, College of Nursing and Health Professions, University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN
| | - C Elizabeth Bonham
- Student, College of Nursing and Health Professions, University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN
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18
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Andersen LL, Izquierdo M, Sundstrup E. Overweight and obesity are progressively associated with lower work ability in the general working population: cross-sectional study among 10,000 adults. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2017; 90:779-787. [PMID: 28660321 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-017-1240-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity is associated with many diseases and functional limitations. Workplaces are not always designed to accommodate this challenge. This study investigated the association between body mass index (BMI) and work ability in the general working population. METHODS Currently employed wage earners (N = 10,427) from the 2010 round of the Danish Work Environment Cohort Study (DWECS) replied to questions about work and health. Cumulative logistic regression analyses controlling for age, gender, physical and psychosocial work factors, lifestyle, and chronic diseases modeled the associations between BMI and work ability. RESULTS BMIs above the normal range were progressively associated with lower work ability in relation to the physical demands of the job. Odds ratios for having lower work ability were 1.11 (95% CI 1.01-1.22), 1.17 (95% CI 1.01-1.34), 1.43 (95% CI 1.09-1.88), 1.69 (95% CI 1.10-2.62) for overweight and obesity classes I, II, and III, respectively. In subgroup analyses, the associations between BMI and work ability were more pronounced among individuals with mainly sedentary work than among those with physically active work. BMI was not associated with work ability in relation to the mental demands of the work. CONCLUSIONS BMIs above the normal range are progressively associated with lower work ability in relation to the physical demands of the job, especially among individuals with mainly sedentary work. Ergonomic research on how to optimally design workstations for workers with obesity are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars L Andersen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Physical Activity and Human Performance Group, SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, 31500, Tudela, Navarra, Spain
| | - Emil Sundstrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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19
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Abstract
Obesity is a complex and multifactorial disease, which likely comprises multiple subtypes. Emerging data have linked chemical exposures to obesity. As organismal response to environmental exposures includes altered gene expression, identifying the regulatory epigenetic changes involved would be key to understanding the path from exposure to phenotype and provide new tools for exposure detection and risk assessment. In this report, we summarize published data linking early-life exposure to the heavy metals, cadmium and lead, to obesity. We also discuss potential mechanisms, as well as the need for complete coverage in epigenetic screening to fully identify alterations. The keys to understanding how metal exposure contributes to obesity are improved assessment of exposure and comprehensive establishment of epigenetic profiles that may serve as markers for exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health & the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - David A Skaar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health & the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Randy L Jirtle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health & the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.,Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.,Department of Sport & Exercise Sciences, Institute of Sport & Physical Activity Research, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, Bedfordshire, UK
| | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health & the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
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20
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de la Iglesia R, Loria-Kohen V, Zulet MA, Martinez JA, Reglero G, Ramirez de Molina A. Dietary Strategies Implicated in the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1877. [PMID: 27834920 PMCID: PMC5133877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is established as the combination of central obesity and different metabolic disturbances, such as insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidemia. This cluster of factors affects approximately 10%-50% of adults worldwide and the prevalence has been increasing in epidemic proportions over the last years. Thus, dietary strategies to treat this heterogenic disease are under continuous study. In this sense, diets based on negative-energy-balance, the Mediterranean dietary pattern, n-3 fatty acids, total antioxidant capacity and meal frequency have been suggested as effective approaches to treat MetS. Furthermore, the type and percentage of carbohydrates, the glycemic index or glycemic load, and dietary fiber content are some of the most relevant aspects related to insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance, which are important co-morbidities of MetS. Finally, new studies focused on the molecular action of specific nutritional bioactive compounds with positive effects on the MetS are currently an objective of scientific research worldwide. The present review summarizes some of the most relevant dietary approaches and bioactive compounds employed in the treatment of the MetS to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio de la Iglesia
- GENYAL Platform on Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Viviana Loria-Kohen
- GENYAL Platform on Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria Angeles Zulet
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jose Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- GENYAL Platform on Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Ramirez de Molina
- GENYAL Platform on Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Ramírez-Vélez R, Anzola A, Martinez-Torres J, Vivas A, Tordecilla-Sanders A, Prieto-Benavides D, Izquierdo M, Correa-Bautista JE, Garcia-Hermoso A. Metabolic Syndrome and Associated Factors in a Population-Based Sample of Schoolchildren in Colombia: The FUPRECOL Study. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2016; 14:455-462. [DOI: 10.1089/met.2016.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física “CEMA”, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Anzola
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física “CEMA”, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Javier Martinez-Torres
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física “CEMA”, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Andres Vivas
- Grupo de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Deportes. Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones. Universidad Manuela Beltrán. Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Alejandra Tordecilla-Sanders
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física “CEMA”, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Daniel Prieto-Benavides
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física “CEMA”, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física “CEMA”, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Antonio Garcia-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
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Patel VC, Spaeth AM, Basner M. Relationships between time use and obesity in a representative sample of Americans. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:2164-75. [PMID: 27542679 PMCID: PMC5039068 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a nationally representative analysis of time use in America for insight into behaviors associated with obesity. METHODS This study utilized 28,503 observations of individuals aged 22 to 70 from the American Time Use Survey, a continuous cross-sectional survey on time use in America. Linear and logistic regressions were performed to analyze sociodemographic characteristics, determine activity participation levels and time spent in activities, understand nonlinear associations between activity time and BMI, and appreciate differences in activity timing between BMI categories. RESULTS Short and long sleep and work were associated with increased BMI. On weekdays, individuals with obesity were more likely to be working at night and sleeping during the day. They were less likely to participate in sports/exercise/recreation, but those that participated did so for amounts of time not different than normal-BMI individuals. Those with obesity were more likely to watch television almost all hours of the day. Further differences are detailed for health-related, sedentary, and household activities. CONCLUSIONS Both short and long sleep, as well as the timing of sleep and work activity, are associated with obesity. Motivation to exercise nonzero amounts may be an appropriate target for intervention. Television is chief among sedentary activities in their association with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viral C Patel
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrea M Spaeth
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mathias Basner
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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23
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Ramírez-Vélez R, Correa-Bautista JE, Martínez-Torres J, Méneses-Echavez JF, González-Ruiz K, González-Jiménez E, Schmidt-RioValle J, Lobelo F. LMS tables for waist circumference and waist-height ratio in Colombian adults: analysis of nationwide data 2010. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 70:1189-1196. [PMID: 27026425 PMCID: PMC5056989 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Indices predictive of central obesity include waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). These data are lacking for Colombian adults. This study aims at establishing smoothed centile charts and LMS tables for WC and WHtR; appropriate cutoffs were selected using receiver-operating characteristic analysis based on data from the representative sample. SUBJECTS/METHODS We used data from the cross-sectional, national representative nutrition survey (ENSIN, 2010). A total of 83 220 participants (aged 20-64) were enroled. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), WC and WHtR were measured and percentiles calculated using the LMS method (L (curve Box-Cox), M (curve median), and S (curve coefficient of variation)). Receiver operating characteristics curve analyses were used to evaluate the optimal cutoff point of WC and WHtR for overweight and obesity based on WHO definitions. RESULTS Reference values for WC and WHtR are presented. Mean WC and WHtR increased with age for both genders. We found a strong positive correlation between WC and BMI (r=0.847, P< 0.01) and WHtR and BMI (r=0.878, P<0.01). In obese men, the cutoff point value is 96.6 cm for the WC. In women, the cutoff point value is 91.0 cm for the WC. Receiver operating characteristic curve for WHtR was also obtained and the cutoff point value of 0.579 in men, and in women the cutoff point value was 0.587. A high sensitivity and specificity were obtained. CONCLUSIONS This study presents first reference values of WC and WHtR for Colombians aged 20-64. Through LMS tables for adults, we hope to provide quantitative tools to study obesity and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ramírez-Vélez
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física 'CEMA', Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - J E Correa-Bautista
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física 'CEMA', Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - J Martínez-Torres
- Grupo GICAEDS, Programa de Cultura Física, Deporte y Recreación, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - J F Méneses-Echavez
- Grupo GICAEDS, Programa de Cultura Física, Deporte y Recreación, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - K González-Ruiz
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física 'CEMA', Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - E González-Jiménez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Grupo CTS-436, Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento (CIMCYC), Granada, Spain
| | - J Schmidt-RioValle
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Grupo CTS-436, Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento (CIMCYC), Granada, Spain
| | - F Lobelo
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Ramírez-Vélez R, Daza F, González-Jiménez E, Schmidt-RioValle J, González-Ruíz K, Correa-Bautista JE. Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Adiposity, and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Schoolchildren: The FUPRECOL Study. West J Nurs Res 2016; 39:1311-1329. [PMID: 27550468 DOI: 10.1177/0193945916664900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in schoolchildren. A secondary aim was to evaluate the degree of association between overall and abdominal adiposity and CRF in a total of 1,875 children and adolescents attending public schools. We expressed CRF performance as the nearest stage (minute) completed and the estimated peak oxygen consumption. A CVRF ( Z score) was calculated and participants were divided into tertiles according to low and high levels of overall (sum of the skinfold thicknesses) and abdominal adiposity. Schoolchildren with a high-level of overall adiposity demonstrated significant differences in seven of the 10 variables analyzed (i.e., systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, triglycerides/high density lipoproteins [HDL-c] ratio, total cholesterol, glucose, C-reactive protein [usCRP], HDL-c, low density lipoproteins [LDL-c], and cardiovascular risk score). Schoolchildren with high levels of both overall and abdominal adiposity and low CRF had the least favorable CVRF score.
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Ramírez-Vélez R, Hernandez A, Castro K, Tordecilla-Sanders A, González-Ruíz K, Correa-Bautista JE, Izquierdo M, García-Hermoso A. High Intensity Interval- vs Resistance or Combined- Training for Improving Cardiometabolic Health in Overweight Adults (Cardiometabolic HIIT-RT Study): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2016; 17:298. [PMID: 27342073 PMCID: PMC4919882 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-016-1422-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although evidence shows the positive health effects of physical activity, most of the adult population in Colombia are sedentary. It is, therefore, important to implement strategies that generate changes in lifestyle behaviours. This protocol describes a study in which we will compare the effects of 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), resistance training (RT) or combined training (HIIT + RT) on the improvement of body composition, endothelial function, blood pressure, blood lipids, and cardiorespiratory fitness in a cohort of sedentary, overweight adults (aged 30-50 years). METHODS/DESIGN Sixty sedentary, overweight adults attending primary care in Bogotá, Colombia will be included in a factorial randomised controlled trial. Participants will be randomly assigned to the following intervention groups: (1) non-exercise group: usual care with dietary support, (2) HIIT group: 4 × 4-min intervals at 85-95 % maximum heart rate (HRmax) (with the target zone maintained for at least 2 minutes), interspersed with a 4-min recovery period, at 65 % HRmax, (3) RT group: completing a resistance circuit (including upper and lower muscle groups) as many times as needed according to subject's weight until an expenditure of 500 kcal at 40-80 % of one-rep max (1RM) has been achieved, and (4) combined group: HIIT + RT. The primary end point for effectiveness is vascular function as measured by flow-mediated vasodilatation 1 week after the end of exercise training. DISCUSSION The results of this study will provide new information about the possible effect of the programme in improving the cardiometabolic health of overweight adults, making a more efficient use of an adult's resources over time. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02715063 . Registered on 8 March 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Cra. 24 No. 63C-69, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia.
| | - Alejandra Hernandez
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Cra. 24 No. 63C-69, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
| | - Karem Castro
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Cra. 24 No. 63C-69, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
| | - Alejandra Tordecilla-Sanders
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Cra. 24 No. 63C-69, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
| | - Katherine González-Ruíz
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Cra. 24 No. 63C-69, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
- Grupo de Ejercicio Físico y Deportes, Facultad de Salud, Programa de Fisioterapia, Universidad Manuela Beltrán, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
| | - Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Cra. 24 No. 63C-69, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) used to be a common restrictive bariatric procedure but has been abandoned by many due to a high failure rate, a high incidence of long-term complications, and the newer adjustable gastric band (AGB) and sleeve. However, potential favorable long-term results and the upcoming banded gastric bypass, with a similar mechanical outlet restriction and control of the pouch size, renewed our interest in the VBG. Therefore, we investigated the long-term outcome of primary VBG at the Catharina Hospital in the Netherlands. METHODS Patients that underwent a primary VBG between 1998 and 2008 were included. Patients' characteristics, operative details, evolution on weight and comorbidities, complications, and outcome of revisions were reviewed. RESULTS A total of 392 patients (80 % female) were reviewed with a mean age of 40 ± 9 years and body mass index of 44 ± 5 kg/m(2). Mean follow-up after VBG was 66 ± 50 months and showed a mean excess weight loss (EWL) of 53 ± 27 % and comorbidity reduction of 54 %. One hundred fifty-two patients (39 %) out of 227 patients (58 %) with long-term complaints underwent revisional surgery. Main reasons for revision were weight regain and vomiting/food intolerance. Analysis before revision showed an outlet dilatation (17 %), pouch dilatation (16 %), and outlet stenosis (10 %). After revision, an additional EWL of 23 % and 33 % further reduction in comorbidities was seen. CONCLUSIONS Primary VBG has an acceptable EWL of 53 % and 55 % of comorbidities were improved. However, the high complication rate, often necessitating revision, underlines the limits of this procedure.
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Sharara AI, Harb AH, Sarkis FS, Chalhoub JM, Habib RH. Body mass index and quality of bowel preparation: Real life vs. clinical trials. Arab J Gastroenterol 2016; 17:11-6. [PMID: 26795085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Obesity is a recognised risk factor for poor bowel preparation in retrospective studies whilst corresponding data in prospective trials are marginally reported. Aims are to evaluate the relation between body mass index (BMI) and preparation quality in retrospective and interventional prospective settings and within a single centre. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data from a recent colorectal cancer screening registry were retrospectively analysed for the relation between BMI and adequacy of preparation. Patients were categorised as underweight (BMI<20kg/m(2)), normal (20-25kg/m(2)), overweight (25-30kg/m(2)), and obese (>30kg/m(2)). Data from a recent prospective colon preparation trial were similarly analysed. RESULTS 541 registry patients were included. Multivariate analysis showed BMI to be an independent risk factor for inadequate preparation. Obesity was associated with odds ratio (OR) of 5.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-19.8; p=0.01] compared to normal BMI. A significant difference was also noted in underweight but otherwise healthy individuals (OR=11.1, 95% CI 2-60; p=0.005). In the prospective study of 195 patients, obese patients had comparable rates of inadequate preparation to normal-weight individuals (OR=0.7, 95% CI 1.1-3.96; p=0.68). Underweight patients had a significantly worse preparation compared to normal BMI individuals (OR=8, 95% CI 1.1-58; p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS In real life, bowel preparations in obese individuals have a lower quality in comparison to normal individuals. This finding is not replicated in clinical trials. This discrepancy is likely the result of focused patient education suggesting that this is primarily a dietary compliance phenomenon. Underweight individuals appear to have worse quality of preparation independent of study design or setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala I Sharara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Ali H Harb
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fayez S Sarkis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jean M Chalhoub
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Robert H Habib
- Outcomes Research Unit, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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Mediano MFF, de Souza RAG, Souza AM, Sichieri R. Effectiveness of a home-based exercise program on anthropometric and metabolic changes among school cooks. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2015; 20:3943-50. [PMID: 26691817 DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320152012.01772015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The scope of this study was to evaluate the anthropometric and metabolic changes after low intensity home-based exercise. In the school year of 2007, 95 school cooks in the city of Niteroi (State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: home-based exercise (n = 47) or control group (n = 48). The home-based exercise program was performed three times a week, during 40 minutes at moderate intensity. Anthropometric variables were collected at the baseline and after 4 and 8 months, whereas biochemical and individual food intake were measured at the baseline and after 8 months. Energy expenditure was evaluated only at the baseline. The home-based exercise group exhibited a greater weight loss (-0.9 vs. -0.2; p = 0.05) in comparison with controls during the follow-up and the same pattern was found for BMI (-0.1 vs. +0.1; p = 0.07), although without statistical significance. Exercise showed no effects on waist circumference, lipid profile and glucose. In conclusion, greater weight loss was observed in the group that performed low intensity home-based exercise and this strategy can assist in body weight control even without alterations in terms of lipids and glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rosely Sichieri
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
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Lange KW, Hauser J, Nakamura Y, Kanaya S. Dietary seaweeds and obesity. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Relation of intelligence quotient and body mass index in preschool children: a community-based cross-sectional study. Nutr Diabetes 2015; 5:e176. [PMID: 26258767 PMCID: PMC4558558 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2015.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Overweight and obesity in children is a global problem. Besides physical effects, obesity has harmful psychological effects on children. METHODS We carried out cross-sectional community-based study to investigate the relation between body mass index (BMI) and cognitive functioning in preschool children. Thirteen socioeconomical elements of 1151 children were measured and analyzed based on their intelligence quotient (IQ) test results. Thirteen out of 33 provinces were selected randomly, and schools were selected as clusters in rural and urban areas. Descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance and regression were used when appropriate. RESULTS Our analysis showed that IQ was associated with household income, place of residence, delivery type, type of infant feeding and father's and mother's education level (P<0.001 for all). Using penalized linear regression for eliminating the impact of confounding factor, our study shows that, living in metropolitan (β=2.411) and urban areas (β=2.761), the level of participants' father's education (β=5.251) was positively and BMI (β=-0.594) was negatively related with IQ test results.ConclusionsThe findings of the present study showed that a lower IQ score is associated with higher BMI. However, this relation appears to be largely mediated when the socioeconomic status was considered.
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Dietary docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid influence liver triacylglycerol and insulin resistance in rats fed a high-fructose diet. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:1864-81. [PMID: 25837985 PMCID: PMC4413191 DOI: 10.3390/md13041864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the benefits of different amounts of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids from fish oil (FO) on lipid metabolism, insulin resistance and gene expression in rats fed a high-fructose diet. Male Wistar rats were separated into two groups: Control (C, n = 6) and Fructose (Fr, n = 32), the latter receiving a diet containing 63% by weight fructose for 60 days. After this period, 24 animals from Fr group were allocated to three groups: FrFO2 (n = 8) receiving 63% fructose and 2% FO plus 5% soybean oil; FrFO5 (n = 8) receiving 63% fructose and 5% FO plus 2% soybean oil; and FrFO7 (n = 8) receiving 63% fructose and 7% FO. Animals were fed these diets for 30 days. Fructose led to an increase in liver weight, hepatic and serum triacylglycerol, serum alanine aminotransferase and HOMA1-IR index. These alterations were reversed by 5% and 7% FO. FO had a dose-dependent effect on expression of genes related to hepatic β-oxidation (increased) and hepatic lipogenesis (decreased). The group receiving the highest FO amount had increased markers of oxidative stress. It is concluded that n-3 fatty acids may be able to reverse the adverse metabolic effects induced by a high fructose diet.
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An obesogenic island in the Mediterranean: mapping potential drivers of obesity in Malta. Public Health Nutr 2015; 18:3211-23. [PMID: 25753315 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980015000476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of childhood and adult obesity in Malta is among the highest in the world. Although increasingly recognised as a public health problem with substantial future economic implications for the national health and social care systems, understanding the context underlying the burden of obesity is necessary for the development of appropriate counter-strategies. DESIGN We conducted a contextual analysis to explore factors that may have potentially contributed to the establishment of an obesogenic environment in Malta. A search of the literature published between 1990 and 2013 was conducted in MEDLINE and EMBASE. Twenty-two full-text articles were retrieved. Additional publications were identified following recommendations by Maltese public health experts; a review of relevant websites; and thorough hand searching of back issues of the Malta Medical Journal since 1990. SETTING Malta. SUBJECTS Whole population, with a focus on children. RESULTS Results are organised and presented using the ANalysis Grid for Elements Linked to Obesity (ANGELO) framework. Physical, economic, policy and socio-cultural dimensions of the Maltese obesogenic environment are explored. CONCLUSIONS Malta's obesity rates may be the result of an obesogenic environment characterised by limited infrastructure for active living combined with an energy-dense food supply. Further research is required to identify and quantify the strength of interactions between these potential environmental drivers of obesity in order to enable appropriate countermeasures to be developed.
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Elías-Boneta AR, Toro MJ, Garcia O, Torres R, Palacios C. High prevalence of overweight and obesity among a representative sample of Puerto Rican children. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:219. [PMID: 25885462 PMCID: PMC4358900 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has become a public health problem worldwide. The objectives of the study were: 1) to establish the BMI prevalence in 12-year olds residing in Puerto Rico, and 2) to determine BMI differences by sex, public-private school type, and geographic regions. METHODS Data was obtained from an island-wide probabilistic stratified sample of 1,582 twelve-year-olds (53% girls and 47% boys). The BMI was determined using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey procedures. Children were categorized as underweight, healthy weight, overweight or obese using the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's age and gender specific growth charts. A logistic regression model was used to estimate BMI category prevalence. Odds ratios were calculated using a multinomial regression. RESULTS In this study, 18.8% of the children were overweight and 24.3% were obese. A higher prevalence of obesity was observed in boys as compared to girls, 28.2% vs. 20.2%, respectively. The estimated prevalence of overweight and obesity in children from public schools was lower than for those from private schools. After adjusting for type of school and region, boys had a significantly higher risk of being obese (64%) as compared to girls. In public schools, boys had a lower prevalence of being overweight while girls had a higher prevalence compared to children attending private schools. Girls attending private schools had a higher obesity prevalence (27.8%) compared to girls from public schools (19.8%). The prevalence of underweight (2.7%) is slightly lower than in the United States. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of overweight and obesity of 12-year-olds residing in PR was 18.8% and 24.3%, respectively; higher than in the U.S. (by groups). Boys were at higher risk of obesity than girls. There is an urgent need to implement public health policies/programs to reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children in PR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto R Elías-Boneta
- School of Dental Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico.
| | - Milagros J Toro
- School of Dental Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico.
| | - Omar Garcia
- School of Dental Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico.
| | - Roxana Torres
- School of Public Health, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico.
| | - Cristina Palacios
- School of Public Health, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico.
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Velázquez MA. [Impact of maternal overnutrition on the periconceptional period]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 62:246-53. [PMID: 25733194 DOI: 10.1016/j.endonu.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Overnutrition may lead to obesity. Maternal obesity may affect fertility not only via anovulation, but also through direct effects on oocytes and preimplantation embryos, indicating that the periconceptional period is sensitive to conditions of overnutrition. The periconceptional period includes from folliculogenesis to implantation. Animal model studies suggest that oocytes derived from obese females usually have a small size and mitochondrial abnormalities. These disruptions are probably induced by changes in the components of the ovarian follicular fluid. Experimental evidence also suggests that obesity may affect the microenvironment in oviducts and uterus, resulting in development of preimplantation embryos with reduced cell numbers and up-regulation of proinflammatory genes. However, further research is needed for in-depth characterization of the effects of maternal obesity during the periconceptional period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Abraham Velázquez
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital , Southampton, Reino Unido.
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Medical and surgical interventions to improve outcomes in obese women planning for pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2014; 29:565-76. [PMID: 25648680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a known risk factor for infertility in women. The exact mechanism through which obesity is linked to infertility is still not fully understood. Hyperleptinaemia, hyperinsulinaemia and resultant hyperandrogenism are all thought to play a role. Various medical and surgical interventions have been attempted to improve fertility rates in obese women. Encouraging evidence for pharmacotherapy, bariatric surgery and assisted reproduction are yet to be seen. In this chapter, we review the hormonal changes in obesity and the evidence behind medical and surgical interventions to improve fertility in obese women.
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Rehman SM, Elzain O, Mitchell J, Shine B, Bowler ICJW, Sayeed R, Westaby S, Ratnatunga C. Risk factors for mediastinitis following cardiac surgery: the importance of managing obesity. J Hosp Infect 2014; 88:96-102. [PMID: 25123634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mediastinitis is a devastating complication of cardiac surgery. Previous studies have often observed small populations, been retrospective in design, and used a variety of definitions for mediastinitis. AIM To identify risk factors for mediastinitis, and strategies to minimize its incidence. METHODS A prospective cohort study of 4883 adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery between October 2003 and February 2009, comparing pre- and peri-operative risk factors, microbial aetiology, requirement for re-admission, length of stay and mortality between patients with and without mediastinitis. FINDINGS Ninety (1.8%) patients were diagnosed with mediastinitis. Microbial aetiology was defined for 75 patients. Staphlyocococcus aureus was the most common isolate (30 episodes; 15 due to meticillin-resistant S. aureus). Univariate analysis revealed the following pre-operative factors associated with mediastinitis: age; body mass index; diabetes; modified logistic European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation score; urgent admission; and longer pre-operative stay (P < 0.05). Associated peri-operative factors were: combined coronary artery bypass grafting plus aortic valve replacement; longer aortic cross-clamp time; and longer cardiopulmonary bypass time (P < 0.005). Multi-variate analysis revealed that higher body mass index, combined coronary artery bypass grafting plus aortic valve replacement, and older age were associated with mediastinitis (P < 0.05). Mediastinitis was associated with re-admission to hospital, longer inpatient stay and reduced long-term survival (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Mediastinitis is associated with worse short-term outcomes (re-admission, length of stay) and reduced long-term survival. Obesity is the only modifiable pre-operative risk factor for mediastinitis. It may be possible to reduce risk through pre-operative weight loss programmes before elective surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Rehman
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK.
| | - O Elzain
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - J Mitchell
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - B Shine
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - I C J W Bowler
- Department of Microbiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - R Sayeed
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - S Westaby
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - C Ratnatunga
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
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Bekheit M, Katri K, Salam WNA, Ezzat T, El Kayal ES. Rejecting the demise of vertical-banded gastroplasty: a long-term single-institute experience. Obes Surg 2014; 23:1604-10. [PMID: 23636993 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-013-0969-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Surgical interventions have proven to be more effective than other measures in the treatment of morbid obesity. The short-term outcomes of the various surgical interventions have been well documented in the literature, with fewer reports on long-term outcomes. The reported long-term outcome of the vertical-banded gastroplasty (VBG) is conflicting. The aim of the present study was to evaluate our long-term experience with VBG. A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database was conducted. Records of patients who underwent VBG five or more years ago were retrieved. An analysis of the long-term weight changes and reported complications was conducted. The study included 150 patients: 43 males (29%) and 107 females (71%). Their mean age was 30 years old (12-53), and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 47 ± 8.4 kg/m2. Patients were followed up for an average of 8 years (5-11). More than 60 % of patients had good long-term weight loss (EWL > 50%). A significant negative correlation was found between the excess weight loss percent (EWL%) and the pre-operative BMI (p < 0.05). The differences in EWL% between males and females were not significant (p = 0.061). Nevertheless, the change in EWL% over time for both males and females was significant (p = 0.004). Revision surgery was required in seven patients (4.7%). Five patients had conversion of VBG to gastric bypass (3.3%), while two patients (1.3%) had reversal of the procedure. Late complications included mesh erosion in three cases, staple line dehiscence in two patients, and stomal stenosis in six patients. VBG could be a long-term effective intervention for the treatment of morbid obesity. Good selection is the cornerstone for long-term success. Late complication rate is acceptable after VBG. VBG is a specifically useful tool under stringent financial circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Bekheit
- HBP Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of medicine, Alexandria Main University Hospital, Alexandria, Egypt,
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Torres R, Santos E, Orraca L, Elias A, Palacios C. Diet quality, social determinants, and weight status in Puerto Rican children aged 12 years. J Acad Nutr Diet 2014; 114:1230-5. [PMID: 24656710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Diet quality may be influenced by social determinants and weight status. This has not been studied in Puerto Rico; therefore, our cross-sectional study examined whether diet quality, assessed by the Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005), differs by social determinants (sex, school type, and region) and weight status in children in Puerto Rico. As part of an island-wide study to evaluate oral health in 1,550 children aged 12 years, dietary intake was assessed in a representative subset (n=796) using a 24-hour diet recall. Diet quality was evaluated from the diet recall results using the HEI-2005. Overall mean HEI-2005 score was 40.9, out of a total maximum score of 100. Girls had significantly higher scores for whole fruit, total vegetables, whole grains, and sodium but lower scores for total grains and milk compared with boys (P<0.05). Children from public schools had higher scores for total fruit, whole fruit, and dark green and orange vegetables and legumes, but lower scores for whole grains and milk compared with those from private schools (P<0.05). Children from the central mountains had higher scores for the dark green and orange vegetables and legumes and for whole fruit compared with the other regions (P<0.05). Overweight children had significantly higher scores for total vegetables and milk, but lower scores for total fruit and sodium compared with non-overweight children (P<0.01). Some components of diet quality were associated with the social determinants studied and with weight status in our sample. Overall diet quality needs improvement in Puerto Rican children so that it is better aligned with dietary recommendations.
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Parlee SD, MacDougald OA. Maternal nutrition and risk of obesity in offspring: the Trojan horse of developmental plasticity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1842:495-506. [PMID: 23871838 PMCID: PMC3855628 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian embryos have evolved to adjust their organ and tissue development in response to an atypical environment. This adaptation, called phenotypic plasticity, allows the organism to thrive in the anticipated environment in which the fetus will emerge. Barker and colleagues proposed that if the environment in which the fetus emerges differs from that in which it develops, phenotypic plasticity may provide an underlying mechanism for disease. Epidemiological studies have shown that humans born small- or large-for-gestational-age, have a higher likelihood of developing obesity as adults. The amount and quality of food that the mother consumes during gestation influences birth weight, and therefore susceptibility of progeny to disease in later life. Studies in experimental animals support these observations, and find that obesity occurs as a result of maternal nutrient-restriction during gestation, followed by rapid compensatory growth associated with ad libitum food consumption. Therefore, obesity associated with maternal nutritional restriction has a developmental origin. Based on this phenomenon, one might predict that gestational exposure to a westernized diet would protect against future obesity in offspring. However, evidence from experimental models indicates that, like maternal dietary restriction, maternal consumption of a westernized diet during gestation and lactation interacts with an adult obesogenic diet to induce further obesity. Mechanistically, restriction of nutrients or consumption of a high fat diet during gestation may promote obesity in progeny by altering hypothalamic neuropeptide production and thereby increasing hyperphagia in offspring. In addition to changes in food intake these animals may also direct energy from muscle toward storage in adipose tissue. Surprisingly, generational inheritance studies in rodents have further indicated that effects on body length, body weight, and glucose tolerance appear to be propagated to subsequent generations. Together, the findings discussed herein highlight the concept that maternal nutrition contributes to a legacy of obesity. Thus, ensuring adequate supplies of a complete and balanced diet during and after pregnancy should be a priority for public health worldwide. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Modulation of Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian D Parlee
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ormond A MacDougald
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Brown EM, Allsopp PJ, Magee PJ, Gill CIR, Nitecki S, Strain CR, McSorley EM. Seaweed and human health. Nutr Rev 2014; 72:205-16. [DOI: 10.1111/nure.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Brown
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health; University of Ulster; County Londonderry UK
| | - Philip J Allsopp
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health; University of Ulster; County Londonderry UK
| | - Pamela J Magee
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health; University of Ulster; County Londonderry UK
| | - Chris IR Gill
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health; University of Ulster; County Londonderry UK
| | - Sonja Nitecki
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health; University of Ulster; County Londonderry UK
| | - Conall R Strain
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health; University of Ulster; County Londonderry UK
| | - Emeir M McSorley
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health; University of Ulster; County Londonderry UK
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Doseyici S, Mehmetoglu I, Toker A, Yerlikaya FH, Erbay E. The effects of forskolin and rolipram on cAMP, cGMP and free fatty acid levels in diet induced obesity. Biotech Histochem 2014; 89:388-92. [PMID: 24520882 DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2014.883463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major health problem. We investigated the effects of forskolin and rolipram in the diet of animals in which obesity had been induced. We used 50 female albino Wistar rats that were assigned randomly into five groups as follows: group 1, control; group 2, high fat diet; group 3, high fat diet + forskolin; group 4, high fat diet + rolipram; and group 5, high fat diet + rolipram + forskolin. The rats were fed for 10 weeks and rolipram and forskolin were administered during last two weeks. The animals were sacrificed and blood samples were obtained. Serum cAMP, cGMP and free fatty acids (FFA) levels were measured using ELISA assays. We also measured weight gain during the 10 week period. cAMP and FFA levels of groups 3, 4 and 5 were significantly higher than those of groups 1 and 2. We found no significant differences in serum cGMP levels among the groups. The weight gain in groups 3, 4 and 5 was significantly less than for group 2. We also found that the weight gain in group 5 was significantly less than in groups 3 and 4. We found that both forskolin and rolipram stimulated lipolysis and inhibited body weight increase by increasing cAMP levels. Also, combination therapy using the two agents may be more effective in preventing diet induced obesity than either agent alone. We found also that these agents did not effect cellular cGMP levels in diet induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Doseyici
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry , Konya , Turkey
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Heng BC, Aubel D, Fussenegger M. An overview of the diverse roles of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) in the pathophysiology of various human diseases. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:1676-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Leary JM, Ice CL, Neal WA, Cottrell L. Parent and child weight status predict weight-related behavior change. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/1753807612y.0000000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Gravel J, Potter B, Dubois L. Prenatal Exposure to Maternal Cigarette Smoke and Offspring Risk of Excess Weight Is Independent of Both Birth Weight and Catch-Up Growth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5402/2013/206120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to maternal cigarette smoke (PEMCS) is one of the most common insults to the developing fetus and has consistently emerged as an important risk factor for excess weight in the offspring. However, no consensus exists on the mechanism of action or duration of impact. This study seeks to further examine the role of PEMCS on overweight status of children up to age 10. Mother and child pairs (n=1183) were analysed from the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD) (1998–2010). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to control for confounders and assess mediation. PEMCS was associated with overweight status at age 10 (OR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.20–2.43) after adjustment for early life exposures and childhood behaviours. This relationship remained robust after adjustment for birth weight and catch-up growth. Other significant predictors included APGAR score, mother’s immigrant and weight status, family type and child energy intake. The elevated risk of excess weight among the offspring of smoking mothers was not accounted for by other known determinants, and PEMCS appears to play a role independent of birth weight and catch-up growth. Our research suggests that young mothers may be an important audience for targeting preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Gravel
- Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8MS
| | - Beth Potter
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8MS
| | - Lise Dubois
- Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8MS
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Msyamboza KP, Kathyola D, Dzowela T. Anthropometric measurements and prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity in adult Malawians: nationwide population based NCD STEPS survey. Pan Afr Med J 2013; 15:108. [PMID: 24244794 PMCID: PMC3828071 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2013.15.108.2622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Overweight and obesity are significant causes of increased morbidity and premature mortality from non-communicable diseases, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, although local high quality population-based data to inform policies and strategies are lacking. METHODS Using the WHO STEPwise approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance, population-based nationwide survey was conducted on participants aged 25-64 years in Malawi. A multi-stage cluster sample design and weighting were used to produce a national representative data for that age range. RESULTS A total of 4845 participants (65.7% females, 87.6% from rural areas) had complete anthropometric data and included in this analysis. Overall (both sexes) population-based mean body weight, height, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose and cholesterol were estimated at 58.7 kg, 159.9 cm, 133.4 mmHg, 79.5 mmHg, 4.3 mmol/L, 4.4 mmol/L respectively. Prevalence of underweight, overweight, obesity, overweight and/ or obesity and central adiposity were 6.5%, 17.3%, 4.6%, 21.9% and 28.8% respectively. Overweight, obesity, overweight and/ or obesity and central adiposity were more frequent in females than males (20.7% vs 14.1%, 7.4% vs 2.0%, 28.1% vs 16.1% and 52.8% vs 5.6%), in urban than rural areas (23.2% vs 16.6%, 12.0% vs 3.7%, 35.2% vs 20.2%) respectively. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that overweight and/ or obesity is the major public health problem affecting at least one in five adults in Malawi. The problem is more frequent in females than males and urban than rural. Implementation of primary health care approaches such as WHO package for essential non-communicable diseases could reduce the problem.
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Millington GWM. Obesity, genetics and the skin. Clin Exp Dermatol 2013; 38:50-6; quiz 56. [PMID: 23252752 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The increasing problem of obesity in childhood is recognized as both a short-term and long-term serious public-health concern. Excess body weight may contribute to psychological morbidity; cancers; metabolic, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal disorders; and dermatological conditions. There is increasing recognition of the role of genetic factors in the aetiology of obesity. Although in the vast majority of cases these influences are polygenic, some obese children suffer from monogenic disorders, which may present with obesity alone. However, more often than not, they generally display other syndromic features. Some of these syndromes have a clear cutaneous phenotype, and these conditions will be the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W M Millington
- Department of Dermatology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
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Abdel-Salam WN, Bekheit M, Katri K, Ezzat T, El Kayal ES. Efficacy of intragastric balloon in obese Egyptian patients and the value of extended liquid diet period in mounting the weight loss. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2013; 23:220-4. [PMID: 23234333 DOI: 10.1089/lap.2012.0382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Abstract Background: The surgical management of morbid obesity is faced by several challenges. Alternative therapeutic strategies could have an important role in the perioperative risk reduction. The BioEnterics(®) intragastric balloon (BIB) (Inamed Health, Santa Barbara, CA) has been described as being effective in weight reduction and is used as a bridge before bariatric surgery. This study examined the efficacy of BIB in obese Egyptian patients and the value of the extended low caloric liquid diet program in weight loss. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained bariatric database was conducted. Weight changes and complications data were analyzed. Indications for BIB placement were discussed. RESULTS Records of 55 patients (11 males and 44 females) were retrieved. The mean initial body mass index (BMI) was 45.3±11 kg/m(2). The mean of excess body weight percentage was 111.96±53.2%. Nausea was reported in 30 patients (54.5%). Epigastric discomfort was reported in 23 patients (41.8 %), and vomiting was reported in 27 patients (49.1%). Six patients (10.9%) had an early removal of the balloon, whereas 4 (7.2%) had delayed removal (more than 6 months). The mean excess weight loss percentage (EWL%) was 17.2%. There was significant reduction in patients' BMI from 45.3 to 38.3 kg/m(2) (P<.001). There was no significant correlation between the EWL% and the gender, age, or initial BMI. Two patients had second balloon insertions without complications. There was no significant difference in the EWL% between the 1-week liquid diet group and the extended (4-week) low caloric diet group. CONCLUSIONS The BIB is effective and safe in weight reduction in obese Egyptian patients. The impact of extended liquid dieting period is not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Nabil Abdel-Salam
- Department of Surgery, Alexandria Main University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Mehta AI, Babu R, Sharma R, Karikari IO, Grunch BH, Owens TR, Agarwal VJ, Sampson JH, Lad SP, Friedman AH, Kuchibhatla M, Bagley CA, Gottfried ON. Thickness of subcutaneous fat as a risk factor for infection in cervical spine fusion surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2013; 95:323-8. [PMID: 23426766 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.l.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical site infections increase the incidence of morbidity and mortality as well as health-care expenses. The cost of care increases threefold to fourfold as a consequence of surgical site infection after spinal surgery. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of subcutaneous fat thickness in the development of surgical site infection following cervical spine fusion surgery. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of a consecutive cohort of 213 adult patients who underwent posterior cervical spine fusion between 2006 and 2008 at Duke University Medical Center. The horizontal distance from the lamina to the skin surface at the C5 level and the thickness of subcutaneous fat were measured, and the ratio of the fat thickness to the total distance at the surgical site was determined. Previously identified risk factors for the development of surgical site infection were also recorded. RESULTS Twenty-two of the 213 patients developed a postoperative infection. Obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) was not a significant risk factor for surgical site infection; the body mass index (and 95% confidence interval) was 29.4 ± 1.2 kg/m2 in the patients who developed a surgical site infection compared with 28.9 ± 0.94 kg/m2 in the patients without an infection. However, the thickness of subcutaneous fat and the ratio of the fat thickness to the lamina-to-skin distance were both significant risk factors for infection. The thickness of subcutaneous fat was 27.0 ± 2.5 mm in the patients who developed a surgical site infection group compared with 21.4 ± 0.88 mm in the patients without an infection (p = 0.042). The ratio of fat thickness to total thickness was 0.42 ± 0.019 in the patients who developed a surgical site infection compared with 0.35 ± 0.01 in the patients without an infection (p = 0.020). Multivariate analysis revealed this ratio to be an independent risk factor for developing a postoperative infection (odds ratio, 3.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 9.97). CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated that the thickness of subcutaneous fat at the surgical site is a factor in the development of surgical site infection following cervical spine fusion and deserves assessment in the preoperative evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit I Mehta
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3807, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Parsi MA. Obesity and cholangiocarcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:457-62. [PMID: 23382624 PMCID: PMC3558569 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i4.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that about half of the population in developed countries are either overweight or obese. In some developing nations obesity rates have increased to surpass those seen in Western countries. This rate increase in obesity has many implications as obesity has been associated with numerous negative health effects including increased risks of hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, liver disease, apnea, and some cancer types. Obesity is now considered to be one of the major public health concerns facing the society. Cholangiocarcinomas (bile duct cancers) are malignant tumors arising from cholangiocytes inside or outside of the liver. Although cholangiocarcinomas are relatively rare, they are highly lethal. The low survival rate associated with cholangiocarcinoma is due to the advanced stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis. Prevention is therefore especially important in this cancer type. Some data suggest that the incidence of cholangiocarcinoma in the western world is on the rise. Increasing rate of obesity may be one of the factors responsible for this increase. Determining whether obesity is a risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma has significant clinical and societal implications as obesity is both prevalent and modifiable. This paper seeks to provide a summary of the current knowledge linking obesity and cholangiocarcinoma, and encourage further research on this topic.
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