1
|
Zhou H, Chen H, Lu H, Wu B, Zhang S, Gu Y, Zhou G, Xiang J, Yang J. Sex differences in mortality and liver-related events in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Liver Int 2024; 44:1600-1609. [PMID: 38506430 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Many systematic reviews explore the association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with mortality, but none of them explores sex-based differences in detail. We aimed to assess whether NAFLD is associated with cause-specific mortality, all-cause mortality, and cancer incidence in both men and women. METHODS The PubMed, Embase, and Medline databases were searched from inception through April 2023 for eligible studies. We separately pooled relative risks (RRs) for men and women using a random effects model. Subsequently, the RRs and 95% CIs (confidence intervals) in each study were used to calculate the women-to-men ratio of RRs (RRR). Furthermore, subgroup analyses were performed to explore the robustness of outcomes. The random-effects model was employed to conduct sensitivity analyses to determine the impact of specific studies on the overall findings. RESULTS The meta-analysis included nine cohort studies comprising 557 614 patients with NAFLD were chosen. Women were 44% more likely than men to get cancer among those with NAFLD (RRR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.02-2.04; p = .039). However, no sex-related differences were observed between NAFLD and all-cause mortality (RRR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.56-2.01; p = .861), liver-related mortality (RRR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.02-69.82; p = .977), cardiovascular mortality (RRR: 1; 95% CI: 0.65-1.53; p = .987) and liver cancer (RRR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.43-1.36; p = .36). CONCLUSIONS There may be sex variations between NAFLD and the risk of cancer, with the connection being stronger in females than in males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Division of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Division of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hanxiao Lu
- Department of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Division of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Division of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Division of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanlong Gu
- Division of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangwen Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Wuxi Mingci Cardiovascular Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Division of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ju J, Wu Y, He W, Zhan L, Yin X, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Qiu L, Muhammad P, Reis RL, Li C. Nanocarriers for Active Ingredients of Chinese Medicine (AIFCM) Used in Gastrointestinal Cancer Therapy. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Active ingredients of Chinese medicine (AIFCM) are pharmacological substances taken from traditional Chinese medicine that show promise in treating gastrointestinal cancer. Compared with traditional chemotherapeutic drugs, AIFCM have advantages such as multi-target and multi-level treatment
of gastrointestinal cancer. Nanocarriers have the following advantages, better bioavailability, passive or active targeting of tumor sites and responsive release of drugs. The use of nanocarriers for delivery of AIFCM in treatment of gastrointestinal cancer, can overcome the disadvantages
of some AIFCM, such as insolubility and low bioavailability. In this review, we first outline the background on gastrointestinal cancer, main curative factors and conventional therapeutic approaches. Then, the mechanisms for AIFCM in gastrointestinal cancer therapy are presented in the following
four aspects: gene regulation, immune modulation, cellular pathway transduction, and alteration of intestinal flora. Thirdly, preparation of various nanocarriers and results when combining AIFCM in gastrointestinal cancer are presented. Fourth, application of novel targeted nanocarriers and
responsive nanocarriers in gastrointestinal tumors is further introduced. Finally, the application of AIFCM in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer is summarized and prospected, hoping to shed some light on the nanocarrier-bound AIFCM in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Ju
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yinghua Wu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Wen He
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Lin Zhan
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xuelian Yin
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Li Qiu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Pir Muhammad
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, Hainan, China
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue, Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães,
4805-017, Portugal
| | - Chenchen Li
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Changes in Biomarkers of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) upon Access to Avocados in Hispanic/Latino Adults: Secondary Data Analysis of a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132744. [PMID: 35807924 PMCID: PMC9268862 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a public health concern and Hispanic/Latinos are disproportionately affected. There is evidence for favorable effects of dietary intake of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) on NAFLD, yet studies examining avocados as a source of MUFA on hepatic function have not been assessed. We investigated the effects of low (3) vs. high (14) avocado allotment on biomarkers of NAFLD, oxidative stress, and NAFLD fibrosis score in a sample of Hispanic/Latino adults. Primary outcomes include hepatic function biomarkers [gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hsCRP), and NAFLD fibrosis score]. Unpaired, two-sided t-tests were used to assess mean differences between intervention groups at 6 months and analysis of covariance models were used to adjust for diet quality and change in avocado intake from baseline to 6 months. Multivariable linear regression models evaluated the baseline and post-intervention association between avocado allotment group and outcomes, adjusting for covariates and stratifying by prediabetes status. No statistically significant differences were observed between low and high avocado allotment groups in liver enzymes, GGT, hsCRP or NAFLD fibrosis score. Findings persisted after stratifying by prediabetes status. Varied intake of avocados resulted in no effects on biomarkers of NAFLD in healthy adults, free of severe chronic disease.
Collapse
|
4
|
Li H, Boakye D, Chen X, Jansen L, Chang-Claude J, Hoffmeister M, Brenner H. Associations of Body Mass Index at Different Ages With Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:1088-1097.e3. [PMID: 34914944 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.12.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in younger adults is increasing in many countries. Given the established association of body mass index (BMI) with CRC risk and the increasing obesity prevalence among younger generations, we aimed to evaluate the association of BMI at different ages during early adulthood with early-onset CRC. METHODS Among 6602 patients with CRC and 7950 matched controls who were recruited in 2003-2020 in the Darmkrebs: Chancen der Verhütung durch Screening study, a population-based case-control study from Germany, 747 patients and 621 controls were younger than 55 years and included in this analysis. Self-reported height and weight at ages 20 years and 30 years and at approximately 10 years before diagnosis or interview were recorded in personal interviews. Associations of BMI with early-onset CRC were estimated using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS Compared with participants with BMI <25 kg/m2, those with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 (obesity) at ages 20 years and 30 years and approximately 10 years before diagnosis or interview had 2.56- (95% confidence interval, 1.20-5.44), 2.06- (confidence interval, 1.25-3.40), and 1.88- (95% confidence interval, 1.30-2.73) fold risk of early-onset CRC. The association of BMI with early-onset CRC risk was particularly pronounced among, and essentially restricted to, the majority of participants with no previous colonoscopy. CONCLUSIONS Obesity at early adulthood is strongly associated with increased risk of early-onset CRC. German Clinical Trials Register ID: DRKS00011793.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hengjing Li
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Boakye
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xuechen Chen
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lina Jansen
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Unit of Genetic Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Genetic Tumor Epidemiology Group, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tilg H, Targher G. NAFLD-related mortality: simple hepatic steatosis is not as 'benign' as thought. Gut 2021; 70:1212-1213. [PMID: 33077572 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Verona, Ospedale Civile Maggiore, Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao S, Wang Y, Wu W, Yang S, Feng L, Tao F, Ge W, Shen M, Xu W. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of prostatic diseases: Roles of insulin resistance. Andrologia 2021; 53:e14060. [PMID: 33782980 DOI: 10.1111/and.14060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the liver component of metabolic syndrome, is considered to be associated with high risk of prostatic diseases but a systematic review has not been conducted. Under a comprehensive review of the eligible clinical studies, a potential positive association between NAFLD and benign prostatic hyperplasia/prostate cancer (BPH/PCa) has been postulated. Insulin resistance and metabolic aberrations are considered to be the potential mechanism for such association. However, the relationship between NAFLD and other prostatic diseases, that is, prostatic inflammation and lower urinary tract symptoms, seems vague due to limited relevant studies in the literatures. The present review highlights that clinicians should be conscious of the detrimental effect of NAFLD on the development of BPH and PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shankun Zhao
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Yaoyao Wang
- Second School of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weizhou Wu
- Department of Urology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Suqing Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Lili Feng
- Nursing Department, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Fangfang Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Weiwei Ge
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Maolei Shen
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Weifang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Physical activity and cancer risk. Actual knowledge and possible biological mechanisms. Radiol Oncol 2021; 55:7-17. [PMID: 33885236 PMCID: PMC7877262 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2020-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Scientific evidence has shown that an increase in regular physical activity is associated with a decrease in the development of many types of cancer. Potential mechanisms that link physical activity to reduced cancer risk include a decrease in systemic inflammation, hyperinsulinemia, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I), sex hormones, pro-inflammatory leptin and other obesity-related cytokines, and a significant increase in anti-inflammatory adiponectin levels. In addition, physical activity improves immune function and the composition and diversity of the gastrointestinal microbiota. Moderate physical activity is important for cancer protection, but the most significant changes in the inflammatory profile are conferred by physical activity performed at higher intensities. Thus, there is a need for further investigation into the type, intensity, and duration of physical activity for the prevention of some types of cancer and the development of effective recommendations. Conclusions There is a strong evidence that physical activity of moderate to vigorous intensity protects against colon and breast cancer, and probably against cancer at all other sites.
Collapse
|
8
|
Hsu MJ, Christ M, Christ B. Co-Culture of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Primary Mouse Hepatocytes. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2269:151-165. [PMID: 33687678 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1225-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are adult stem cells, which feature hepatotropism by supporting liver regeneration through amelioration of hepatic inflammation and lipid accumulation in a mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a more advanced stage of fatty liver. It remains open, how MSC impact on hepatocytic lipid metabolism. To study MSC actions on fatty liver mechanistically, we established an in vitro model of co-culture comprising MSC and isolated mouse hepatocytes at a ratio of 1:1. Lipid storage in hepatocytes was induced by the treatment with medium deficiency of methionine and choline (MCD). The protocol can be adapted for the use of other lipid storage-inducing agents such as palmitic acid and linoleic acid. This co-culture model allows to study, e.g., whether MSC act indirectly via MSC-born paracrine mechanisms or through direct physical interactions between cells beside others. The protocol allows us to detect the formation of extensions (filopodia) from MSC to contact the fatty hepatocytes or other MSC within 24 h of co-culture. These structures may represent tunneling nanotubes (TNT), allowing for long-range intercellular communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ju Hsu
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Applied Molecular Hepatology Lab, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Madlen Christ
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Applied Molecular Hepatology Lab, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bruno Christ
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Applied Molecular Hepatology Lab, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mitochondrial Transfer by Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Ameliorates Hepatocyte Lipid Load in a Mouse Model of NASH. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8090350. [PMID: 32937969 PMCID: PMC7554948 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) transplantation ameliorated hepatic lipid load; tissue inflammation; and fibrosis in rodent animal models of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) by as yet largely unknown mechanism(s). In a mouse model of NASH; we transplanted bone marrow-derived MSCs into the livers; which were analyzed one week thereafter. Combined metabolomic and proteomic data were applied to weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and subsequent identification of key drivers. Livers were analyzed histologically and biochemically. The mechanisms of MSC action on hepatocyte lipid accumulation were studied in co-cultures of hepatocytes and MSCs by quantitative image analysis and immunocytochemistry. WGCNA and key driver analysis revealed that NASH caused the impairment of central carbon; amino acid; and lipid metabolism associated with mitochondrial and peroxisomal dysfunction; which was reversed by MSC treatment. MSC improved hepatic lipid metabolism and tissue homeostasis. In co-cultures of hepatocytes and MSCs; the decrease of lipid load was associated with the transfer of mitochondria from the MSCs to the hepatocytes via tunneling nanotubes (TNTs). Hence; MSCs may ameliorate lipid load and tissue perturbance by the donation of mitochondria to the hepatocytes. Thereby; they may provide oxidative capacity for lipid breakdown and thus promote recovery from NASH-induced metabolic impairment and tissue injury.
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu SS, Ma XF, Zhao J, Du SX, Zhang J, Dong MZ, Xin YN. Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and extrahepatic cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:118. [PMID: 32475354 PMCID: PMC7262754 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01288-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NAFLD is tightly associated with various diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and cancer. Previous studies had investigated the association between NAFLD and various extrahepatic cancers, but the available data to date is not conclusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between NAFLD and various extrahepatic cancers comprehensively. METHODS Searches were conducted of various electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, and the Cochrane Library) to identify observational studies published between 1996 and January 2020 which investigated the association between NAFLD and extrahepatic cancers. The pooled OR/HR/IRR of the association between NAFLD and various extrahepatic cancers were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 26 studies were included to investigate the association between NAFLD and various extrahepatic cancers. As the results shown, the pooled OR values of the risk of colorectal cancer and adenomas in patients with NAFLD were 1.72 (95%CI: 1.40-2.11) and 1.37 (95%CI: 1.29-1.46), respectively. The pooled OR values of the risk of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in patients with NAFLD were 2.46 (95%CI: 1.77-3.44) and 2.24 (95%CI: 1.58-3.17), respectively. The pooled OR value of the risk of breast cancer in patients with NAFLD was 1.69 (95%CI: 1.44-1.99). In addition, NAFLD was also tightly associatied with the risk of gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, and esophageal cancer. CONCLUSIONS NAFLD could significantly increase the development risk of colorectal adenomas and cancer, intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, breast, gastric, pancreatic, prostate, and esophageal cancer. NAFLD could be considered as one of the influencing factors during the clinical diagnosis and treatment for the extrahepatic cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Sheng Liu
- Central Laboratories, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Digestive Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xue-Feng Ma
- Department of Infectious Disease, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Departments of Nephrology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, 255020, China
| | - Shui-Xian Du
- Department of Infectious Disease, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Meng-Zhen Dong
- Department of Infectious Disease, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Yong-Ning Xin
- Digestive Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Department of Infectious Disease, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266011, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The Dietary Inflammatory Index Is Positively Associated with Colorectal Cancer Risk in a Chinese Case-Control Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010232. [PMID: 31963221 PMCID: PMC7019221 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet may modulate chronic inflammation. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) was associated with the risk of colorectal cancer in a Chinese population. A case-control study was conducted from July 2010 to April 2019, in Guangzhou, China. A total of 2502 eligible cases were recruited along with 2538 age- (5-year interval) and sex-matched controls. Dietary data derived from a validated food frequency questionnaire were used to calculate the energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) scores. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for colorectal cancer risk were estimated using unconditional logistic regression models. In this study, E-DII scores ranged from -5.96 (the most anti-inflammatory score) to +6.01 (the most pro-inflammatory score). A positive association was found between the E-DII and colorectal cancer risk, with the OR = 1.40 (95% CI 1.16, 1.68; Ptrend < 0.01) for the highest E-DII quartile compared with the lowest quartile after adjusting for potential confounders. When stratified based on cancer subsite, sex, body mass index, and smoking status, significant associations were not observed in women or underweight individuals. Results from this study confirmed that a higher E-DII score was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer in a Chinese population.
Collapse
|
12
|
Silva A, Faria G, Araújo A, Monteiro MP. Impact of adiposity on staging and prognosis of colorectal cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 145:102857. [PMID: 31881452 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.102857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal visceral fat is a well-recognized a risk for colorectal cancer (CRC). In contrast to the risk for CRC, the impact of adiposity in disease staging and patient survival is less well-established. Our aim was to critically review the literature on the influence of adiposity assessed by different methods routinely used in clinical settings, on CRC staging and prognosis. In the 32 studies reviewed, overweight was initially identified as a survival advantage, an evidence that was later challenged by studies suggesting that body adiposity is likely to have a deleterious effect in CRC outcomes, particularly in males. Hence, whether obesity has a negative impact in CRC staging or prognosis remains controversial. In sum, addressing the impact of body fat in CRC biological behavior is still an unmet need. Understanding how adiposity influences CRC staging and prognosis could allow further patient risk stratification for devising targeted interventions and improve clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Silva
- Pharmacy Department, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal; School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Polytechnic of Porto, 4200 - 072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gil Faria
- CINTESIS-Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal; General Surgery, Hospital de Pedro Hispano - Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, 4464-513, Senhora da Hora, Portugal
| | - António Araújo
- Unit of Oncobiology Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research (UMIB) of Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; Medical Oncology Department, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana P Monteiro
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Unit for Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research (UMIB) of Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; Centre for Obesity Research, University College London, London, WC1E 6JF, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Andreasson A, Hagström H, Sköldberg F, Önnerhag K, Carlsson AC, Schmidt PT, Forsberg AM. The prediction of colorectal cancer using anthropometric measures: A Swedish population-based cohort study with 22 years of follow-up. United European Gastroenterol J 2019; 7:1250-1260. [PMID: 31700638 PMCID: PMC6826529 DOI: 10.1177/2050640619854278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). Objective The objective of this article is to investigate whether anthropometric measures reflecting visceral obesity are better predictors of CRC than body mass index (BMI). Methods Data were analysed from the Malmö Diet and Cancer study in Sweden, comprising 16,669 women and 10,805 men (median age 56.6 and 59.1 years) followed for a median 21.5 years. Diagnoses of CRC were identified using Swedish national registers. Cox regression was used to test the associations of BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, waist-to-hip-to-height ratio, A Body Shape Index (ABSI) and percentage body fat with the development of CRC adjusted for age, alcohol consumption, smoking, education and physical activity in men and women. Results None of the measures were significantly associated with an increased risk for CRC in women. WC was the strongest predictor of colon cancer (CC) in men and the only measure that was independent of BMI. ABSI was the only measure significantly associated with the risk of rectal cancer in men. Conclusions Visceral obesity, best expressed as WC, is a risk factor for CC in men but a poor predictive marker for CRC in women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Andreasson
- Unit of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Hannes Hagström
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit of Hepatology, Department of Upper GI, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Filip Sköldberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristina Önnerhag
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Sweden
| | - Axel C Carlsson
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Peter T Schmidt
- Unit of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna M Forsberg
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Genetic analysis of hsCRP in American Indians: The Strong Heart Family Study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223574. [PMID: 31622379 PMCID: PMC6797125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increased serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), an important component of the innate immune response, are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) have been identified which are associated with CRP levels, and Mendelian randomization studies have shown a positive association between SNPs increasing CRP expression and risk of colon cancer (but thus far not CVD). The effects of individual genetic variants often interact with the genetic background of a population and hence we sought to resolve the genetic determinants of serum CRP in a number of American Indian populations. Methods The Strong Heart Family Study (SHFS) has serum CRP measurements from 2428 tribal members, recruited as large families from three regions of the United States. Microsatellite markers and MetaboChip defined SNP genotypes were incorporated into variance components, decomposition-based linkage and association analyses. Results CRP levels exhibited significant heritability (h2 = 0.33 ± 0.05, p<1.3 X 10−20). A locus on chromosome (chr) 6, near marker D6S281 (approximately at 169.6 Mb, GRCh38/hg38) showed suggestive linkage (LOD = 1.9) to CRP levels. No individual SNPs were found associated with CRP levels after Bonferroni adjustment for multiple testing (threshold <7.77 x 10−7), however, we found nominal associations, many of which replicate previous findings at the CRP, HNF1A and 7 other loci. In addition, we report association of 46 SNPs located at 7 novel loci on chromosomes 2, 5, 6(2 loci), 9, 10 and 17, with an average of 15.3 Kb between SNPs and all with p-values less than 7.2 X 10−4. Conclusion In agreement with evidence from other populations, these data show CRP serum levels are under considerable genetic influence; and include loci, such as near CRP and other genes, that replicate results from other ethnic groups. These findings also suggest possible novel loci on chr 6 and other chromosomes that warrant further investigation.
Collapse
|
15
|
Arjmand MH, Moradi A, Akbari A, Mehrad-Majd H. Clinical significance of circulating omentin levels in various malignant tumors: Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cytokine 2019; 125:154869. [PMID: 31585311 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant circulating level of omentin has been reported in various solid tumors. However, whether decreased or increased levels of omentin contribute in cancer risk is remained controversial in different epidemiological studies. This comprehensive meta-analysis of observational studies was conducted to investigate the association between circulating omentin level and human cancer risk. An electronic search of health-related databases, was performed to identify all eligible studies in English, up to July 2019. Combined standard mean difference (SMD) with 95%CI was computed to assess the correlation of omentin levels with human cancer risk in a random effect model. The risk of publication bias was also evaluated using Funnel plot and Egger regression tests. A total of 16 studies with 1106 cases and 3078 healthy controls were included. Pooled SMD analysis based on the cancer type, revealed a strong correlation of omentin level and cancer risk in patients with colorectal (SMD = 2.08, 95%CI: 1.67-2.50, P < 0.001), prostate (SMD = 1.38, 95%CI: 1.15-1.62, P < 0.001), and breast (SMD = -0.78, 95%CI: -1.1, -0.45, P < 0.001) cancers. Elevated circulating omentin levels was also found in cancer patients with BMI ≥ 25 (SMD = 1.33, 95%CI: 0.52-2.15, P = 0.001) indicating a potential role for omentin in development of some obesity-linked cancers. The findings of this meta-analysis indicated a significant association of omentin level with greater risk of colorectal, pancreas, and breast tumors. Circulating omentin level may represent a potential novel biomarker for early detection of colorectal, prostate, and breast cancers especially in overweight/obese subjects. Further prospective well-designed studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Hassan Arjmand
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Moradi
- Orthopedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbari
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Mehrad-Majd
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Isyraqiah F, Kutty MK, Durairajanayagam D, Singh HJ. Leptin enhances N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced tumour growth in gastric mucosa of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:5967-5975. [PMID: 31444698 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05030-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Individuals who are obese are at a greater risk of developing gastric cancer. They are however also hyperleptinaemic. Chronic leptin treatment has been shown to upregulate numerous cancer-causing genes in the stomach of male Sprague-Dawley rats. It is however unclear if leptin enhances the effect of gastric carcinogens in vivo. This study was therefore done to investigate the effect of leptin on gastric carcinogenesis in rats treated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). Twenty-four, 6-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided equally into three groups: G1 served as age-matched controls; G2 was treated with MNNG in drinking water ad libitum (200 mg L-1); G3 was given leptin and MNNG. Rats were euthanized after 40 weeks of treatment and their stomachs were removed for histopathology, microarray, and RT-qPCR analysis. Fisher's exact test and one-way ANOVA were used to analyse the data. Fifty percent of the MNNG-treated rats developed gastric hyperplasia (p < 0.05), but there was no significant change in any carcinogenic genes. Concurrent MNNG and leptin treatment however induced hyperplasia, dysplasia, hypertrophy, and adenocarcinoma in 75% (6/8) of the rats; with upregulation of microRNAs, olfactory receptors, Hey2 (transcription factor), Tmed2 (vesicular trafficking), and Lcn11 (cell proliferation) genes. It appears that leptin enhances MNNG- induced tumour growth in stomachs of Sprague-Dawley rats and its role in gastric cancer requires further scrutiny.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faizatul Isyraqiah
- Faculty of Medicine, Asia Metropolitan University, 81750, Masai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Methil Kannan Kutty
- Faculty of Medicine, Lincoln University College, 47301, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Harbindar Jeet Singh
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia. .,I-PPerFORM, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
A healthy lifestyle pattern has a protective association with colorectal polyps. Eur J Clin Nutr 2019; 74:328-337. [PMID: 31363175 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-019-0481-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is associated with lifestyle characteristics such as diet, physical inactivity, obesity, and smoking, but these are not incorporated in screening recommendations. Moreover, the joint association of these factors with various colorectal polyps is not established. METHODS A case-control study, among consecutive subjects aged 40-70 years, undergoing colonoscopy. Cases with colorectal polyps were compared with controls. Detailed information was gathered regarding polyp histology and anatomic location, demographics, medical history, anthropometrics, and lifestyle. The healthy lifestyle index was estimated as the sum of: non-smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, healthy diet, and physical activity. RESULTS A total of 788 participants were included (cases n = 403, controls n = 385). The healthy lifestyle index had a negative association with colorectal polyps (OR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.62-0.85, P < 0.001), both adenomas and serrated polyps (OR = 0.75, 0.64-0.89, and OR = 0.59, 0.44-0.79, respectively), and both proximal and distal adenomas (OR = 0.77, 0.62-0.95, and OR = 0.73, 0.59-0.90, respectively). Adherence to ≥ 2 healthy lifestyle components was strongly related with colorectal polyps (OR = 0.50, 0.34-0.75, P = 0.001). Abstinence from smoking, and a healthy diet were the factors most strongly associated with lower odds of colorectal polyps (OR = 0.58, 0.42-0.79, and OR = 0.61, 0.44-0.85, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Adherence to a healthy lifestyle (≥2 healthy lifestyle components) is inversely associated with colorectal polyps, especially serrated and distal polyps, with no dose-response association. Components most strongly associated with lower odds of colorectal polyps were maintaining a healthy diet and abstinence from smoking. Lifestyle-related characteristics may assist in risk stratification and are potential goals for colorectal neoplasia prevention.
Collapse
|
18
|
Abdominal Obesity is More Predictive of Advanced Colorectal Neoplasia Risk Than Overall Obesity in Men: A Cross-sectional Study. J Clin Gastroenterol 2019; 53:e284-e290. [PMID: 29939870 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
GOALS We aimed to ascertain whether waist circumference (WC) is associated with risk of colorectal neoplasia (CRN), independent of body mass index (BMI). BACKGROUND Although several studies have reported the association between abdominal obesity, measured by WC, and CRN, it remains unclear whether their association is biased by BMI. STUDY A cross-sectional study was performed on 154,552 asymptomatic examinees who underwent colonoscopy for a health check-up. RESULTS The mean age was 42.6 years, and the proportion of males was 65.2%. The prevalence rate of CRN in subjects in WC quartiles 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 15.6%, 18.1%, 20.4%, and 22.0% among men and 7.8%, 9.4%, 12.2%, and 15.8% among women, respectively. WC and BMI were independent risk factors for overall CRN and nonadvanced CRN in both men and women. In men, the association of BMI with advanced CRN was attenuated to null after adjusting for WC [Q2, Q3, and Q4 vs. Q1; odds ratios (95% confidence intervals), 0.93 (0.79-1.10), 0.85 (0.71-1.03), and 0.99 (0.80-1.22), respectively; Ptrend=0.822], whereas the association of WC with advanced CRN significantly persisted even after adjusting for BMI [Q2, Q3, and Q4 vs. Q1; 1.20 (1.02-1.42), 1.45 (1.20-1.75), and 1.64 (1.32-2.04), respectively; Ptrend<0.001]. In women, neither WC nor BMI was associated with the risk of advanced CRN. CONCLUSIONS Abdominal obesity is associated with an increased risk of advanced CRN, independent of overall obesity (BMI) in men. Our findings suggest that abdominal obesity is more strongly predictive of advanced CRN than overall obesity in men.
Collapse
|
19
|
Immune-Deficient Pfp/Rag2 -/- Mice Featured Higher Adipose Tissue Mass and Liver Lipid Accumulation with Growing Age than Wildtype C57BL/6N Mice. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080775. [PMID: 31349725 PMCID: PMC6721582 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a risk factor for adipose tissue dysfunction, which is associated with inflammatory innate immune mechanisms. Since the adipose tissue/liver axis contributes to hepatosteatosis, we sought to determine age-related adipose tissue dysfunction in the context of the activation of the innate immune system fostering fatty liver phenotypes. Using wildtype and immune-deficient mice, we compared visceral adipose tissue and liver mass as well as hepatic lipid storage in young (ca. 14 weeks) and adult (ca. 30 weeks) mice. Adipocyte size was determined as an indicator of adipocyte function and liver steatosis was quantified by hepatic lipid content. Further, lipid storage was investigated under normal and steatosis-inducing culture conditions in isolated hepatocytes. The physiological age-related increase in body weight was associated with a disproportionate increase in adipose tissue mass in immune-deficient mice, which coincided with higher triglyceride storage in the liver. Lipid storage was similar in isolated hepatocytes from wildtype and immune-deficient mice under normal culture conditions but was significantly higher in immune-deficient than in wildtype hepatocytes under steatosis-inducing culture conditions. Immune-deficient mice also displayed increased inflammatory, adipogenic, and lipogenic markers in serum and adipose tissue. Thus, the age-related increase in body weight coincided with an increase in adipose tissue mass and hepatic steatosis. In association with a (pro-)inflammatory milieu, aging thus promotes hepatosteatosis, especially in immune-deficient mice.
Collapse
|
20
|
Duvnjak M, Stojsavljević S, Jukić LV, Duvnjak LS. Risk Factors for Colorectal Adenoma - Acknowledging the Burden of NAFLD. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2019; 7:97-98. [PMID: 31293907 PMCID: PMC6609849 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2019.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Duvnjak
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Stojsavljević
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sisters of Charity University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Virović Jukić
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sisters of Charity University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lea Smirčić Duvnjak
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Vuk Vrhovac University Clinic for Diabetes, Merkur University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rastaghi S, Jafari-Koshki T, Mahaki B, Bashiri Y, Mehrabani K, Soleimani A. Trends and Risk Factors of Gastric Cancer in Iran (2005-2010). Int J Prev Med 2019; 10:79. [PMID: 31198514 PMCID: PMC6547778 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_188_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is the first and the third prevalent cancer among males and females in Iran, respectively. The aim of this study was mainly to identify high-risk areas of GC by assessing the spatial and temporal pattern of incidence, and second, to explore some risk factors of GC in ecological setting. Methods: In this cross-sectional ecological study we used Bayesian hierarchical space-time model to measure the relative risk and temporal trends of GC in Iran from 2005 to 2010 based on available data. Data analysis was done by the use of integrated nested Laplace approximation Bayesian approach in R software. Results: Overall trend of GC was significantly decreasing during the study period. Ardabil, Khorasan Razavi, West Azarbaijan, Zanjan, and Mazandaran provinces had the highest risk of incidence. Overweight and smoking were directly and significantly associated with GC risk. Conclusions: During the study period, GC has decreased in Iran. Nevertheless, GC risk was generally high in Northern and Northwestern provinces of Iran. Different health policies according to GC risk and trend are required for each province. Improvements in screening and education programs and conducting further epidemiological studies could help to reduce the incidence of GC in high risk provinces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Rastaghi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Tohid Jafari-Koshki
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Mahaki
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Yousef Bashiri
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Mehrabani
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Soleimani
- Department of Public Health, Mareagheh University of Medical Science, Maragheh, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xu YXZ, Mishra S. Obesity-Linked Cancers: Current Knowledge, Challenges and Limitations in Mechanistic Studies and Rodent Models. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E523. [PMID: 30567335 PMCID: PMC6316427 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10120523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of obesity has doubled during the last 50 years, and according to the World Obesity Federation, one third of the people on Earth will be obese by the year 2025. Obesity is described as a chronic, relapsing and multifactorial disease that causes metabolic, biomechanical, and psychosocial health consequences. Growing evidence suggests that obesity is a risk factor for multiple cancer types and rivals smoking as the leading preventable cause for cancer incidence and mortality. The epidemic of obesity will likely generate a new wave of obesity-related cancers with high aggressiveness and shortened latency. Observational studies have shown that from cancer risk to disease prognosis, an individual with obesity is consistently ranked worse compared to their lean counterpart. Mechanistic studies identified similar sets of abnormalities under obesity that may lead to cancer development, including ectopic fat storage, altered adipokine profiles, hormone fluctuations and meta-inflammation, but could not explain how these common mechanisms produce over 13 different cancer types. A major hurdle in the mechanistic underpinning of obesity-related cancer is the lack of suitable pre-clinical models that spontaneously develop obesity-linked cancers like humans. Current approaches and animal models fall short when discerning the confounders that often coexist in obesity. In this mini-review, we will briefly survey advances in the different obesity-linked cancers and discuss the challenges and limitations in the rodent models employed to study their relationship. We will also provide our perspectives on the future of obesity-linked cancer research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xin Zi Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
| | - Suresh Mishra
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Isyraqiah F, K Kutty M, Durairajanayagam D, Salim N, Singh H. Leptin induces the expression of tumorigenic genes in the gastric mucosa of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:1118-1124. [PMID: 30449153 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218813909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin promotes the growth of gastric cancer cells in vitro. It is, however, unknown if leptin induces gastric cancer in vivo. This study therefore investigated the effect of leptin on the histology and expression of tumorigenic genes in the stomach of rats following 40 weeks of leptin treatment. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 6 weeks, were randomized into control and experimental groups ( n = 8 per group). The experimental group was given intraperitoneal injections of leptin (60 µg/kg/day) once daily for 40 weeks, whereas the control group received intraperitoneal injection of an equal volume of normal saline daily. Rats were housed in polypropylene cages for the duration of the study. Body weight was measured weekly. Upon completion of treatment, rats were euthanized and their stomachs were collected for histopathological examination, microarray, and RT-qPCR. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Fisher’s exact test. On histology, one rat (12.5%) in the leptin-treated group had a large red-colored tumor nodule at the pyloric antrum of the stomach. Microscopically, stomachs of two leptin-treated rats (25%) showed hyperplasia or dysplasia. Microarray analysis revealed significant upregulation of a number of genes in the stomachs of leptin-treated rats that have been shown to be associated with tumorigenesis in other tissues, including Furin (protein maturation), Eef1a1 and Eif4g2 (translation factors), Tmed2 (vesicular trafficking), Rab7a (plasma membrane trafficking), Rfwd2 (protein degradation), Fth1 and Ftl1 (oxygen transport), Tspan8, Tspan1, Fxyd3, and Rack1 (cell migration), Pde4d (signal transduction), Nupr1 and Ybx1 (transcription factors), Ptma and Tmem134 (oncogenes), Srsf2 (mRNA maturation), and Reep5 (cell proliferation). None of the known oncogenes were, however, significantly up-regulated. In conclusion, although the overall effect of leptin on gastric carcinogenesis seems inconclusive, the findings of dysplasia and the up-regulation of some of the cancer-related genes nevertheless warrant further scrutiny on the role of leptin in gastric cancer. Impact statement Gastric cancer is the third most common cause of death due to cancer in the world. Obese individuals are at risk of developing gastric cancer, and the reason for this is unknown. Serum leptin levels are high in obese individuals and leptin is known to induce proliferation of gastric cancer cells in vitro. However, to date, no reports exist on the tumorigenic effects of leptin on the stomach in vivo. This study therefore determines if chronic leptin administration induces gastric carcinogenesis in non-obese rats, which might serve as a useful animal model for future studies. Although the findings are somewhat inconclusive, to our knowledge, however, this is the first study to show the up-regulation of numerous potential driver genes that highlight the potential role of leptin in the higher prevalence of gastric cancer among obese individuals. The findings certainly necessitate further scrutiny of leptin gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faizatul Isyraqiah
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 47000, Malaysia
| | - Methil K Kutty
- Faculty of Medicine, Lincoln University College, Petaling Jaya 47301, Malaysia
| | | | - Norita Salim
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 47000, Malaysia
| | - Harbindarjeet Singh
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 47000, Malaysia.,IMMB, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 47000, Malaysia.,I-PPerFORM, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 47000, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mantovani A, Dauriz M, Byrne CD, Lonardo A, Zoppini G, Bonora E, Targher G. Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and colorectal tumours in asymptomatic adults undergoing screening colonoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Metabolism 2018; 87:1-12. [PMID: 29935236 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is currently uncertain whether non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with an increased risk of colorectal tumours. We performed a meta-analysis of relevant observational studies to quantify the magnitude of the association between NAFLD and risk of colorectal adenomas and cancer. METHODS We searched PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science from January 2000 to November 2017 using pre-defined keywords to identify observational studies of asymptomatic adults undergoing screening colonoscopy, in which NAFLD was diagnosed by imaging or histology. Data from selected studies were extracted and meta-analysis was performed using random-effects modelling. RESULTS Eleven observational studies (8 cross-sectional and 3 longitudinal) with aggregate data on 91,124 asymptomatic adults (32.1% with NAFLD) of predominantly Asian descent accounting for a total of 14,911 colorectal adenomas and 1684 cancers were included in the final analysis. NAFLD was associated with an increased risk of prevalent colorectal adenomas (n = 7 studies using liver imaging techniques; random-effects odds ratio [OR] 1.28, 95% CI 1.11-1.48; I2 = 82.9% or n = 1 study using liver biopsy; random-effects OR 1.61, 95% CI 0.90-2.89) and cancer (n = 4 studies using liver imaging techniques; random-effects OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.25-1.94; I2 = 65.6% or n = 1 study using liver biopsy; random-effects OR 3.04, 95% CI 1.29-7.18). NAFLD was also associated with an increased risk of incident colorectal adenomas (n = 3 studies; random-effects hazard ratio [HR] 1.42, 95% CI 1.18-1.72; I2 = 0%) and cancer (n = 1 study; random-effects HR 3.08, 95% CI 1.02-9.03). These risks were independent of age, sex, smoking, body mass index and diabetes (or metabolic syndrome). Sensitivity analyses did not alter these findings. Funnel plot and Egger's test did not reveal significant publication bias. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis of observational studies (involving asymptomatic individuals of predominantly Asian descent undergoing screening colonoscopy) suggests that NAFLD (detected by imaging or biopsy) is independently associated with a moderately increased prevalence and incidence of colorectal adenomas and cancer. However, the observational design of the studies does not allow for proving causality, and the possibility of residual confounding by some unmeasured factors cannot be ruled out. More prospective studies, particularly in European and American individuals, and mechanistic studies are required to better understand the association between NAFLD and colonic carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Mantovani
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Dauriz
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; Southampton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK
| | - Amedeo Lonardo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Nuovo Ospedale Sant'Agostino Estense di Baggiovara, Modena, Italy
| | - Giacomo Zoppini
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Enzo Bonora
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease associated with the development of prostate cancer? A nationwide study with 10,516,985 Korean men. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201308. [PMID: 30231041 PMCID: PMC6145525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Growing evidence supports that prostate cancer (PCa) is a metabolic syndrome-related cancer, but the evidence is lacking regarding the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and PCa. We aimed to investigate whether PCa is related with NAFLD in Korean adults. Methods Data from the National Health Insurance Corporation between 2009 and 2012 were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression method. NALFD was defined based on the fatty liver index (FLI) and hepatic steatosis index (HSI). Newly diagnosed PCa was identified using the claims data. Results NAFLD based on FLI and HSI was identified in 2,002,375 (19%) and 2,629,858 (25%) of 10,516,985 subjects, respectively. Each FLI ≥ 60 and HSI ≥ 36 was independently associated with the development of PCa after adjusting for other confounders (hazard ratio (HR) 1.09, 95% CI: 1.06–1.12 and HR 1.19, 95% CI: 1.16–1.23). The association was more prominent among those who were older (FLI, ≥ 65 years old and HSI, ≥ 40 years old), were not currently smoking, were presently consuming alcohol (< 30g/day) and had null components of metabolic syndrome than each counterpart. Non-obese persons with NAFLD defined by HSI had a higher risk of developing PCa than those with body mass index > 25 Kg/m2. Conclusions NAFLD defined by FLI or HSI may help identify high-risk individuals for developing PCa particular in the elderly, even in the absence of obesity or metabolic syndrome. Future studies on this topic should necessarily be repeated based on ultrasonographic findings.
Collapse
|
26
|
Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Obesity: Finding a Needle in the Haystack? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1061:63-77. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-8684-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
27
|
Serum Leptin and Adiponectin Concentration in Type 2 Diabetes Patients in the Short and Long Term Following Biliopancreatic Diversion. Obes Surg 2017; 26:2442-8. [PMID: 26989058 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-016-2126-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A deranged adipokine system is implicated in obesity and in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the lack of remission of T2DM after bariatric surgery could be also accounted for by the postoperative persistence of this condition. METHODS Thirty T2DM patients undergoing biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) with a wide range of baseline body mass index (BMI) were evaluated prior to and at 1 and 5 years following BPD. Besides the usual clinical evaluations, acute insulin response (AIR) to intravenous glucose load as a parameter of insulin secretion and the serum leptin and adiponectin concentration were measured throughout the follow-up period in all patients. RESULTS A long-term T2DM remission was observed in 21 patients (70 %). Serum leptin level reduced at the first year and remained substantially unchanged at a long term in both the remitter and non-remitter patients, while following the operation, a progressive significant increase of serum adiponectin level was observed only in remitter patients (from 9.2 to 12.3 μg/mL at 1 year and to 15.18 μg/mL at 5 years in the remitters and from 8.8 to 8.75 μg/mL at 1 year and to 11.8 μg/mL at 5 years in the non-remitters). Serum leptin mean values were positively associated with the BMI ones both prior to and following BPD (p < 0.005), while serum adiponectin values were positively related (p < 0.04) to the postoperative AIR data. CONCLUSIONS The improvement of the pattern of cytokine production, as evidenced by postoperative rise in serum adiponectin concentration, might play a role in T2DM remission after bariatric surgery.
Collapse
|
28
|
Lonardo A, Nascimbeni F, Maurantonio M, Marrazzo A, Rinaldi L, Adinolfi LE. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Evolving paradigms. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:6571-6592. [PMID: 29085206 PMCID: PMC5643282 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i36.6571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last years new evidence has accumulated on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) challenging the paradigms that had been holding the scene over the previous 30 years. NAFLD has such an epidemic prevalence as to make it impossible to screen general population looking for NAFLD cases. Conversely, focusing on those cohorts of individuals exposed to the highest risk of NAFLD could be a more rational approach. NAFLD, which can be diagnosed with either non-invasive strategies or through liver biopsy, is a pathogenically complex and clinically heterogeneous disease. The existence of metabolic as opposed to genetic-associated disease, notably including ”lean NAFLD” has recently been recognized. Moreover, NAFLD is a systemic condition, featuring metabolic, cardiovascular and (hepatic/extra-hepatic) cancer risk. Among the clinico-laboratory features of NAFLD we discuss hyperuricemia, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, gallstones, psoriasis and selected endocrine derangements. NAFLD is a precursor of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome and progressive liver disease develops in T2D patients in whom the course of disease is worsened by NAFLD. Finally, lifestyle changes and drug treatment options to be implemented in the individual patient are also critically discussed. In conclusion, this review emphasizes the new concepts on clinical and pathogenic heterogeneity of NAFLD, a systemic disorder with a multifactorial pathogenesis and protean clinical manifestations. It is highly prevalent in certain cohorts of individuals who are thus potentially amenable to selective screening strategies, intensive follow-up schedules for early identification of liver-related and extrahepatic complications and in whom earlier and more aggressive treatment schedules should be carried out whenever possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Lonardo
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio Nascimbeni
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara, 41126 Modena, Italy
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Mauro Maurantonio
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Marrazzo
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara, 41126 Modena, Italy
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Geriatric, and Metabolic Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Elio Adinolfi
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Geriatric, and Metabolic Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80100 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tanaka T, Kawabata K, Sugie S. 4-Nitroquinoline 1-Oxide-Induced Tongue and Esophagus Carcinogenesis in Obese and Diabetic TSOD Mice. World J Oncol 2017; 8:97-104. [PMID: 29147443 PMCID: PMC5650005 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1038w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and diabetes mellitus are associated with lifestyle-related carcinogenesis. They are also risk factors of esophageal adenocarcinoma, but there are only a few reports on association between obesity/diabetes and development of squamous cell carcinoma in the oral cavity and esophagus. In this study, we therefore aimed to determine whether obesity and diabetes affect oral and esophageal carcinogenesis using model mice of obesity and diabetes, the Tsumura Suzuki obese diabetes (TSOD) and Tsumura Suzuki non-obesity (TSNO) control mice, which were treated with 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) to produce tongue and esophageal carcinomas. Methods We used 28 each of the male TSOD and TSNO mice of 8 weeks of age. They were divided into the 4-NQO-treated group (n = 20) and untreated group (n = 8). 4-NQO was administered to mice in drinking water at a dose level of 20 ppm for 8 weeks. The untreated group was given distilled water without 4-NQO. At 28 experimental weeks, histopathological examination was performed on all organs including tongue and esophagus. We performed analysis of histopathology of all organs which included buccal capsule (a tongue)/esophagus after an experiment start in 28 weeks. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and lipid parameters including total cholesterol (T-Cho), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol were measured and all these parameters were compared between the two genotypes. Also, mRNA expression of eight cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17, interferon (IFN)-γ, keratinocyte-derived cytokine (KC), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-2, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the esophageal mucosa was assayed. Results 4-NQO treatment produced proliferative squamous cell lesions (dysplasia, papilloma and carcinoma) in the tongue and esophagus of both the TSOD and TSNO mice. The incidence and multiplicity of tongue tumors were 30% and 0.45 ± 0.83 in the TSOD mice and 30% and 0.40 ± 0.68 in the TSNO mice. The incidence and multiplicity of esophageal tumors were 70% and 2.25 ± 2.29 in the TSOD mice and 30% and 0.60 ± 1.14 (P < 0.01) in the TSNO mice. Conclusion Our findings indicate that the obese and diabetic TSOD mice were susceptible to 4-NQO-induced esophageal carcinogenesis, suggesting risk factors of obese and diabetes for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Additionally, the TSOD mice were useful as esophagus carcinogenic model. Our study first reported that 4-NQO induced esophageal cancer in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Tanaka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology (DDP) & Research Center of Diagnostic Pathology (RC-DiP), Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu City, Gifu 500-8513, Japan.,Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu City, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Kawabata
- Palliative Care Center, Tokai Central Hospital, 4-6-2 Sohara-Higashijima-cho, Kakamigahara 504-8601, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Sugie
- Department of Pathology, Murakami Memorial Hospital, Asahi University, School of Dentistry, 3-23 Hashimoto-cho, Gifu City, Gifu 500-8523, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Levi Z, Kark JD, Katz LH, Twig G, Derazne E, Tzur D, Leibovici Weissman Y, Leiba A, Lipshiez I, Keinan Boker L, Afek A. Adolescent body mass index and risk of colon and rectal cancer in a cohort of 1.79 million Israeli men and women: A population-based study. Cancer 2017; 123:4022-4030. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zohar Levi
- Gastroenterology Department; Rabin Medical Center; Petach Tikva Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Jeremy D. Kark
- Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine; Ein Kerem Jerusalem Israel
| | - Lior H. Katz
- Sackler School of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
- Department of Medicine and Dr. Pinchas Bornstein Talpiot Medical Leadership Program; Sheba Medical Center; Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Gilad Twig
- Sackler School of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
- Department of Medicine and Dr. Pinchas Bornstein Talpiot Medical Leadership Program; Sheba Medical Center; Ramat Gan Israel
| | | | - Dorit Tzur
- Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps; Jerusalem Israel
| | | | - Adi Leiba
- Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps; Jerusalem Israel
| | | | | | - Arnon Afek
- Sackler School of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
- Israel Ministry of Health; Jerusalem Israel
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Huang L, Wei ZJ, Li TJ, Jiang YM, Xu AM. A prospective appraisal of preoperative body mass index in D2-resected patients with non-metastatic gastric carcinoma and Siewert type II/III adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction: results from a large-scale cohort. Oncotarget 2017; 8:68165-68179. [PMID: 28978106 PMCID: PMC5620246 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To prospectively investigate associations of presurgical body mass index (BMI) with clinicopathological factors and its prognostic significance in radically D2-resected patients with non-metastasized gastric cancer (GC) and Siewert type II/III adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction (AEG). Methods A large prospective cohort consisting of radically-resected GC and AEG patients was analyzed. Follow-up was successful in 671 out of 700 patients, who were categorized into underweight (BMI<18.5), normal-weight (BMI=18.5-22.9), overweight (BMI=23-24.9), and obese (BMI≥25) groups according to Asian standards. BMI-associated factors were explored using multivariable logistic regression with adjustment. Cancer-specific survival analyses were conducted applying both univariable and multivariable Cox regression methods. Results Pre-operation, higher hemoglobin levels and smaller anemia proportions were observed in larger BMI groups. Higher BMI tended to be associated with higher neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios (NLRs). Patients with higher BMI had smaller tumors and more often stage I tumors, but longer surgical time and postsurgical stay. In multivariable analyses, higher hemoglobin levels, upper tumor location, poorer differentiation, and higher NLR were significantly associated with higher BMI. Overall, survival analyses revealed no significant role of BMI. However, in further stratifications after adjustment, compared to patients with normal BMI, obese patients had better survival in women, but worse in those with AEG; underweight was associated with reduced mortality risk in tumors differentiated well to moderately; overweight patients had increased death hazard when having thrombocytopenia. Conclusion Overall, preoperative BMI had limited prognostic significance in operated GC patients. However, under specific conditions (e.g., female, AEG, good differentiation, and thrombocytopenia), BMI might indicate postoperative survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tuan-Jie Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ming Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - A-Man Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mishra S, Nyomba BG. Prohibitin - At the crossroads of obesity-linked diabetes and cancer. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:1170-1177. [PMID: 28399645 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217703976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The promoter of a gene that is selectively expressed in just a few cell types provides unique opportunities to study: (1) the pleiotropic function of a protein in two different cell types including the cell compartment specific function, and (2) the crosstalk between two cell/tissue types at the systemic level. This is not possible with a ubiquitous or a highly specific gene promoter. The adipocyte protein-2 ( aP2) is one such gene. It is primarily expressed in adipocytes, but also selectively in monocytic macrophages and dendritic cells, among various immune cell types. Thus, the adipocyte protein-2 gene promoter provides an opportunity to simultaneously manipulate adipose and immune functions in a transgenic animal. Prohibitin (PHB) is a pleiotropic protein that has roles in both adipocytes and immune cells. Adipocyte specific functions of prohibitin are mediated through its mitochondrial function, whereas its immune functions are mediated in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. We capitalized on this attribute of prohibitin to explore the crosstalk between adipose and immune functions, and to discern mitochondrial and plasma membrane-associated cell signaling functions of prohibitin, by expressing wild type prohibitin (Mito-Ob) and a phospho-mutant form of prohibitin (m-Mito-Ob) from the protein-2 gene promoter, individually. Both transgenic mice develop obesity in a sex-neutral manner, but develop obesity-related metabolic dysregulation in a male sex-specific manner. Subsequently, the male Mito-Ob mice spontaneously developed type 2 diabetes and liver cancer, whereas the male m-Mito-Ob mice developed lymph node tumors or autoimmune diabetes in a context-dependent manner. This review provides a point of view on the role of prohibitin in mediating sex differences in adipose and immune functions at the systemic level. We discuss the unique attributes of prohibitin and provide a new paradigm in adipose-immune crosstalk mediated through a pleiotropic protein. Impact statement Prohibitin (PHB) is ubiquitously expressed and plays a role in adipocyte-immune cell cross-talk. Both male and female transgenic mice expressing wild-type PHB in adipose tissue and in macrophages are obese, but only males develop diabetes and liver cancer. When the mice express PHB mutated on tyrosine-114 in adipocytes and macrophages, both males and females are still obese, but none develops liver cancer; instead, males develop lymph node tumors. Adipocyte specific functions of PHB are mediated through its mitochondrial function, whereas its immune functions are mediated in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Thus, PHB appears to be an important molecule linking obesity, diabetes, and cancer. In addition, this link appears to be affected by sex steroids. Therefore, targeting PHB may lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of obesity, diabetes and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Mishra
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E3P4, Canada.,2 Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E3P4, Canada
| | - Bl Grégoire Nyomba
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E3P4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hou YC, Hu Q, Huang J, Fang JY, Xiong H. Metformin therapy and the risk of colorectal adenoma in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:8843-8853. [PMID: 27903961 PMCID: PMC5352447 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing data evaluating the impact of metformin on the colorectal adenoma (CRA) risk in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes (T2D) are limited and controversial. We therefore summarized the studies currently available and assessed the relationship between metformin treatment and risk of CRA in T2D patients. METHODS We systematically searched databases for eligible studies that explored the impact of metformin treatment on the occurrence of CRA in T2D patients from inception to June 2016. The summary odds ratio (OR) estimates with their 95% confidence interval (CI) were derived using random-effect, generic inverse variance methods. Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis were performed. RESULTS Seven studies involving 7178 participants met the inclusion criteria. The pooling showed that metformin therapy has a 27% decrease in the CRA risk (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.58 - 0.90). In subgroup analysis, we detected that metformin exhibits significant chemoprevention effects in Asia region (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.48 - 0.96). Similar results were identified in both studies with adjusted ORs and high-quality studies (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.50 - 0.86 and OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.58 - 0.84, respectively). Of note, an inverse relationship was noted that metformin therapy may result in a significant decrease in the advanced adenoma risk (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.38 - 0.72). Low heterogeneity was observed, however, the results remained robust in multiple sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis indicates that metformin therapy is correlated with a significant decrease in the risk of CRA and advanced adenoma in T2D patients. Further confirmatory studies are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chao Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jiao Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Hua Xiong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai 200001, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Divella R, De Luca R, Abbate I, Naglieri E, Daniele A. Obesity and cancer: the role of adipose tissue and adipo-cytokines-induced chronic inflammation. J Cancer 2016; 7:2346-2359. [PMID: 27994674 PMCID: PMC5166547 DOI: 10.7150/jca.16884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue in addition to its ability to keep lipids is now recognized as a real organ with both metabolic and endocrine functions. Recent studies demonstrated that in obese animals is established a status of adipocyte hypoxia and in this hypoxic state interaction between adipocytes and stromal vascular cells contribute to tumor development and progression. In several tumors such as breast, colon, liver and prostate, obesity represents a poor predictor of clinical outcomes. Dysfunctional adipose tissue in obesity releases a disturbed profile of adipokines with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory factors and a consequent alteration of key signaling mediators which may be an active local player in establishing the peritumoral environment promoting tumor growth and progression. Therefore, adipose tissue hypoxia might contribute to cancer risk in the obese population. To date the precise mechanisms behind this obesity-cancer link is not yet fully understood. In the light of information provided in this review that aims to identify the key mechanisms underlying the link between obesity and cancer we support that inflammatory state specific of obesity may be important in obesity-cancer link.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Divella
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Oncology. Giovanni Paolo II National Cancer Institute, V.Le Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 -Bari, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Luca
- Department of Surgery Oncology. Giovanni Paolo II National Cancer Institute, V.Le Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 -Bari, Italy
| | - Ines Abbate
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Oncology. Giovanni Paolo II National Cancer Institute, V.Le Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 -Bari, Italy
| | - Emanuele Naglieri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Giovanni Paolo II National Cancer Institute, V.Le Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 -Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Daniele
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Oncology. Giovanni Paolo II National Cancer Institute, V.Le Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 -Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Jung YS, Park JH, Park DI, Sohn CI, Choi K. Weight Change and Obesity Are Associated with a Risk of Adenoma Recurrence. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:2694-703. [PMID: 27193563 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4194-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is reportedly a risk factor for colorectal adenoma. However, the influence of weight change and obesity on colorectal adenoma recurrence is unclear. AIM To investigate whether weight change and obesity are associated with recurrence and development of colorectal adenoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Of 62,171 asymptomatic subjects who underwent a colonoscopy for a heath checkup between 2010 and 2011, this longitudinal study was performed with the 5297 subjects who underwent another colonoscopy between 2012 and 2013. The risk of recurrence or development of adenoma according to quartiles of weight change (<-1.6, -1.6 to 0.1, 0.2-1.8, and ≥1.9 kg) and baseline BMI categories (<25, 25-29, and ≥30 kg/m(2)) was assessed using Cox proportional hazards modeling. RESULTS The average period between visits 1 and 2 was 2.2 ± 0.6 years. Among the 2176 subjects with adenomas, the risk of recurrence of any adenoma increased with increasing weight change quartiles (p for trend = 0.030), whereas the risk of recurrence of advanced adenoma was not associated with weight change (p for trend = 0.852). The risk of recurrence of advanced adenoma increased with increasing baseline BMI categories (p for trend = 0.029). Among 3121 subjects with no adenoma, the risk of developing any adenoma increased with increasing baseline BMI categories (p for trend <0.001). However, the risk of developing any or advanced adenoma was not associated with weight change. CONCLUSIONS Weight change over 2.2 years affected adenoma recurrence and obesity was related to advanced adenoma recurrence and adenoma development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Suk Jung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29, Saemunan-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03181, Korea.
| | - Jung Ho Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29, Saemunan-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03181, Korea
| | - Dong Il Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29, Saemunan-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03181, Korea
| | - Chong Il Sohn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29, Saemunan-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03181, Korea
| | - Kyuyong Choi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29, Saemunan-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03181, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
De Luca M, Angrisani L, Himpens J, Busetto L, Scopinaro N, Weiner R, Sartori A, Stier C, Lakdawala M, Bhasker AG, Buchwald H, Dixon J, Chiappetta S, Kolberg HC, Frühbeck G, Sarwer DB, Suter M, Soricelli E, Blüher M, Vilallonga R, Sharma A, Shikora S. Indications for Surgery for Obesity and Weight-Related Diseases: Position Statements from the International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders (IFSO). Obes Surg 2016; 26:1659-96. [PMID: 27412673 PMCID: PMC6037181 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-016-2271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio De Luca
- Director Department of Surgery, Montebelluna Treviso Hospital, Montebelluna, Treviso, Italy.
| | | | - Jacques Himpens
- The European School of Laparoscopic Surgery, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Alberto Sartori
- Director Department of Surgery, Montebelluna Treviso Hospital, Montebelluna, Treviso, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - John Dixon
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Michel Suter
- University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Mattias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Arya Sharma
- Obesity Research Management, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Qu BG. Inflammatory and immune changes and treatment in patients with fatty liver disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:2931-2942. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i19.2931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver disease (FLD) is a common chronic inflammatory and immune disease. Current research suggests that it is associated with a variety of clinical metabolic diseases, however, its etiology is very complex, and its exact mechanism is not fully clear. Enormous studies have found that inflammation and immunity play roles in the pathogenesis of FLD, via mechanisms involving inflammatory mediators or inflammatory factors, neutrophil infiltration, inflammasomes, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), gut microbes-related inflammation, immune cells, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and its downstream signal transduction pathways, gut microbe-related immune response, immunocytes, oxidative stress, other new markers of immune response and so on. In order to provide a reliable basis for accurate diagnosis and treatment of FLD, studies on the prevention, early diagnosis and prospective intervention of FLD should be strengthened. In addition, according to different pathogenesis, corresponding measures should be taken to reduce the risk of FLD and its related diseases.
Collapse
|
38
|
Gut microbiota and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: where do we stand? Bone Marrow Transplant 2016; 52:7-14. [PMID: 27348539 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2016.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Advances in biological techniques have potentiated great progresses in understanding the interaction between human beings and the ∼10 to 100 trillion microbes living in their gastrointestinal tract: gut microbiota (GM). In this review, we describe recent emerging data on the role of GM in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, with a focus on immunomodulatory properties in the immune system recovery and the impact in the development of the main complications, as GvHD and infections.
Collapse
|
39
|
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Extra-Hepatic Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050717. [PMID: 27187365 PMCID: PMC4881539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease but the second cause of death among NAFLD patients are attributed to malignancies at both gastrointestinal (liver, colon, esophagus, stomach, and pancreas) and extra-intestinal sites (kidney in men, and breast in women). Obesity and related metabolic abnormalities are associated with increased incidence or mortality for a number of cancers. NAFLD has an intertwined relationship with metabolic syndrome and significantly contributes to the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but recent evidence have fuelled concerns that NAFLD may be a new, and added, risk factor for extra-hepatic cancers, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract. In this review we critically appraise key studies on NAFLD-associated extra-hepatic cancers and speculate on how NAFLD may influence carcinogenesis at these sites.
Collapse
|
40
|
|
41
|
Ande SR, Nguyen KH, Grégoire Nyomba BL, Mishra S. Prohibitin-induced, obesity-associated insulin resistance and accompanying low-grade inflammation causes NASH and HCC. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23608. [PMID: 27005704 PMCID: PMC4804274 DOI: 10.1038/srep23608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatocarcinogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms involved in the disease process remain unclear. Recently, we have developed a transgenic obese mouse model (Mito-Ob) by prohibitin mediated mitochondrial remodeling in adipocytes. The Mito-Ob mice develop obesity in a sex-neutral manner, but obesity-associated adipose inflammation and metabolic dysregulation in a male sex-specific manner. Here we report that with aging, the male Mito-Ob mice spontaneously develop obesity-linked NASH and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In contrast, the female Mito-Ob mice maintained normal glucose and insulin levels and did not develop NASH and HCC. The anti-inflammatory peptide ghrelin was significantly upregulated in the female mice and down regulated in the male mice compared with respective control mice. In addition, a reduction in the markers of mitochondrial content and function was found in the liver of male Mito-Ob mice with NASH/HCC development. We found that ERK1/2 signaling was significantly upregulated whereas STAT3 signaling was significantly down regulated in the tumors from Mito-Ob mice. These data provide a proof-of-concept that the metabolic and inflammatory status of the adipose tissue and their interplay at the systemic and hepatic level play a central role in the pathogenesis of obesity-linked NASH and HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudharsana R. Ande
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - K. Hoa Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | - Suresh Mishra
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Birtolo C, Go VLW, Ptasznik A, Eibl G, Pandol SJ. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase: A Link Between Inflammation and Pancreatic Cancer. Pancreas 2016; 45:21-31. [PMID: 26658038 PMCID: PMC4859755 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Even though a strong association between inflammation and cancer has been widely accepted, the underlying precise molecular mechanisms are still largely unknown. A complex signaling network between tumor and stromal cells is responsible for the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the cancer microenvironment. Tumor stromal cells such as pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and immune cells create a microenvironment that protects cancer cells through a complex interaction, ultimately facilitating their local proliferation and their migration to different sites. Furthermore, PSCs have multiple functions related to local immunity, angiogenesis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Recently, many studies have shown that members of the phosphoinositol-3-phosphate kinase (PI3K) family are activated in tumor cells, PSCs, and tumor-infiltrating inflammatory cells to promote cancer growth. Proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines secreted by immune cells and fibroblasts within the tumor environment can activate the PI3K pathway both in cancer and inflammatory cells. In this review, we focus on the central role of the PI3K pathway in regulating the cross talk between immune/stromal cells and cancer cells. Understanding the role of the PI3K pathway in the development of chronic pancreatitis and cancer is crucial for the discovery of novel and efficacious treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Birtolo
- Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Internal Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Vay Liang W. Go
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Andrzej Ptasznik
- Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Guido Eibl
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Stephen J. Pandol
- Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA,VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Malley CO, Pidgeon GP. The mTOR pathway in obesity driven gastrointestinal cancers: Potential targets and clinical trials. BBA CLINICAL 2015; 5:29-40. [PMID: 27051587 PMCID: PMC4802403 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a crucial point of convergence between growth factor signalling, metabolism, nutrient status and cellular proliferation. The mTOR pathway is heavily implicated in the progression of many cancers and is emerging as an important driver of gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies. Due to its central role in adapting metabolism to environmental conditions, mTOR signalling is also believed to be critical in the development of obesity. Recent research has delineated that excessive nutrient intake can promote signalling through the mTOR pathway and possibly evoke changes to cellular metabolism that could accelerate obesity related cancers. Acting through its two effector complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2, mTOR dictates the transcription of genes important in glycolysis, lipogenesis, protein translation and synthesis and has recently been defined as a central mediator of the Warburg effect in cancer cells. Activation of the mTOR pathway is involved in both the pathogenesis of GI malignancies and development of resistance to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The use of mTOR inhibitors is a promising therapeutic option in many GI malignancies, with greatest clinical efficacy seen in combination regimens. Recent research has also provided insight into crosstalk between mTOR and other pathways which could potentially expand the list of therapeutic targets in the mTOR pathway. Here we review the available strategies for targeting the mTOR pathway in GI cancers. We discuss current clinical trials of both established and novel mTOR inhibitors, with particular focus on combinations of these drugs with conventional chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cian O Malley
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Graham P Pidgeon
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wroblewski E, Swidnicka-Siergiejko A, Hady HR, Luba M, Konopko M, Kurek K, Dadan J, Dabrowski A. Variation in blood levels of hormones in obese patients following weight reduction induced by endoscopic and surgical bariatric therapies. Cytokine 2015; 77:56-62. [PMID: 26539806 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beneficial clinical effects of weight reduction following bariatric therapies is not fully understood and maybe related to the complex interactions between leptin, adiponectin, visfatin, omentin, and ghrelin. The aim of study was to investigate their timeline changes associated with weight reduction and their profile in relation to the type of treatment and its efficacy. METHODS Circulating hormones levels were analyzed before and after endoscopic and surgical procedures in 67 obese patients and compared to non-obese healthy controls. RESULTS Obese patients had higher leptin levels and lower levels of adiponectin, visfatin, omentin, and ghrelin than non-obese controls. During the consecutive follow-up visits after treatment, there was a gradual decrease in leptin levels and an increase in adiponectin levels to the levels observed in non-obese. At 50-54weeks, the ghrelin levels were lower and the levels of adiponectin and visfatin, but not omentin, were higher compared to their baseline values. BMI correlated with ghrelin and leptin levels. The percentage of total weight loss correlated positively with adiponectin levels and negatively with leptin levels. Patients with adequate weight loss had a significantly lower leptin concentration than those with treatment failure. There were timeline variations in hormone levels between endoscopic and bariatric therapies, however there were no significant differences in the median their concentration at 50-54weeks after therapy. CONCLUSION Our study supports observations that weight loss itself, rather than the procedure type, is responsible for hormonal variation. The leptin levels reflect the best the body weight changes after bariatric therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugeniusz Wroblewski
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Hady Razak Hady
- 1st Clinical Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Luba
- 1st Clinical Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marzena Konopko
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kurek
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jacek Dadan
- 1st Clinical Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Andrzej Dabrowski
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ayyildiz T, Dolar E, Ugras N, Eminler AT, Erturk B, Adim SB, Yerci O. Adipo-R1 and adipo-R2 expression in colorectal adenomas and carcinomas. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:367-72. [PMID: 25640382 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.1.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human adiponectin (ApN), a 30 kDa glycoprotein of 244-amino acids which is predominantly produced by adipocytes, exerts its effects via two receptors, namely adiponectin receptor-1 (adipo-R1) and adiponectin receptor-2 (adipo-R2) with differential binding affinity to globular adiponectin. Adiponectin receptor expression has been studied in several cancer tissues. However, there are no studies of colorectal adenomas which are considered to be precursors for colorectal carcinoma (CRC). OBJECTIVES In the present study, the expression of adipo-R1 and adipo-R2 was investigated immunohistochemically in colorectal adenomas and colorectal carcinoma tissues in an attempt to determine associations with these tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study enrolled 50 CRC patients with tumor resection and 82 patients who were diagnosed with adenomatous polyps, classified as negative for neoplasia, low-grade dysplasia (L-GD) or high- grade dysplasia (H-GD). RESULTS Expression of both adipo-R1 and adipo-R2 was found to be significantly lower in the CRCs than in colorectal adenomas (tubular and tubulovillous, p=0.009 and p<0.001, respectively). Adipo-R1 and adipo-R2 expression was also significantly lower in the CRC group when compared with the groups of patients with low grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia or no neoplasia (p=0.012 and p<0.001, respectively). In addition, it was observed that adipo-R2 expression was generally positive in the non-neoplastic group irrespective of the adipo-R2 expression. In the L-GD, H-GD and CRC groups, the adipo-R2 result was positive whenever adipo-R1 result was positive but some patients with negative adipo-R1 had positive adipo-R2 (p<0.001, p=0.004, p<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that ApN may play a role in the progression of colorectal adenomatous polyps to carcinoma through actions on adipo-R1 and adipo-R2 receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Talat Ayyildiz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey E-mail :
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Van De Voorde L, Janssen L, Larue R, Houben R, Buijsen J, Sosef M, Vanneste B, Schraepen MC, Berbée M, Lambin P. Can metformin improve ‘the tomorrow’ of patients treated for oesophageal cancer? Eur J Surg Oncol 2015; 41:1333-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
47
|
Yoon YS, Keum N, Zhang X, Cho E, Giovannucci EL. Hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and colorectal adenomas: A meta-analysis. Metabolism 2015; 64:1324-33. [PMID: 26169471 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin stimulates cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis. While epidemiologic studies have investigated associations between markers of insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia (i.e., circulating insulin, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), C-peptide) and risk of colorectal adenoma (CRA), the effect size has not yet been quantified. OBJECTIVE We aimed to summarize the association between hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance and risk of CRA, including whether the association is independent of adiposity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pubmed and Embase were searched through April, 2015 to identify observational studies investigating the associations between insulin, C-peptide and HOMA-IR and CRA risk. Using the highest versus lowest category meta-analysis and dose-response meta-analysis based on a random-effects model, we estimated summary odds ratio (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI). RESULTS A total of 27 studies (insulin: 16 studies including 14,007 cases; C-peptide: 11 studies including 8639 cases; HOMA-IR: 8 studies including 11,619 cases) were included in this meta-analysis. The summary ORs of CRA comparing the highest with the lowest quantile were 1.33 for insulin (95% CI=1.12-1.58, I(2)=73.9%, Pheterogeneity<0.001), 1.44 for C-peptide (95% CI=1.13-1.83, I(2)=63.5%, Pheterogeneity=0.003), and 1.33 for HOMA-IR (95% CI=1.10-1.60, I(2)=69.1%, Pheterogeneity=0.004). Upon stratification by ethnicity, higher levels of insulin and C-peptide were significantly associated with increased risk of CRA in non-Asian ethnicity (summary OR for insulin=1.67 [95% CI=1.28-2.17], I(2)=34.9%, Pheterogeneity=0.16; summary OR for C-peptide=1.59 [95% CI=1.22-2.08], I(2)=21.5%, Pheterogeneity=0.27) but not in Asians (summary OR for insulin=1.10 [95% CI=0.92-1.33], I(2)=76.6%, Pheterogeneity=0.001; summary OR for C-peptide=1.27 [95% CI=0.84-1.91], I(2)=72.6, Pheterogeneity=0.01). We observed evidence for the existence of publication bias for insulin (P=0.01 by Egger test) and HOMA-IR (P=0.05 by Egger test). The results were confirmed in linear dose-response meta-analysis. These significant positive associations generally persisted even after adjustment for adiposity, although the effect size was substantially attenuated. CONCLUSIONS Independent of adiposity, higher levels of insulin, C-peptide, and HOMA-IR were significantly associated with increased risk of CRA. The weaker associations and high heterogeneity in Asian studies warrant further research. These results indicate that insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia may contribute in part to the association between obesity and CRA risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Sook Yoon
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Family Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 411-706, Korea
| | - NaNa Keum
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
López Facundo NA, Tejocote Romero I, Rodríguez Castillejos C, Jaimes García Y. Impacto de la obesidad en el pronóstico de supervivencia y recaída en niños con leucemia aguda linfoblástica del estado de México. GACETA MEXICANA DE ONCOLOGÍA 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gamo.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
|
49
|
Blogowski W, Dolegowska K, Deskur A, Dolegowska B, Starzyńska T. An Attempt to Evaluate Selected Aspects of "Bone-Fat Axis" Function in Healthy Individuals and Patients With Pancreatic Cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1303. [PMID: 26266370 PMCID: PMC4616689 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, much attention has been paid to a potential biochemical cross-talk between the metabolism of the adipose tissue (AT) and bone (marrow), termed "bone-fat axis." We hypothesized that selected substances, participating in this "dialog," are associated with body mass and peripheral trafficking of bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) in both healthy individuals and patients with obesity-associated malignancies such as pancreatic adenocarcinoma.We performed an analysis of the systemic levels of selected substances involved in the regulation of bone (marrow) homeostasis (parathormone, calcitonin, osteopontin, osteonectin, stem cell factor [SCF], and fibroblast growth factor-23) in 35 generally healthy volunteers and 35 patients with pancreatic cancer. Results were correlated with the absolute number of circulating BMSCs and body mass values. Additionally, subcutaneous and visceral/omental AT levels of the aforementioned molecules were analyzed in lean and overweight/obese individuals.Intensified steady-state trafficking of only Lin-CD45 + CD133 + hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells was observed in overweight/obese individuals and this was associated with BMI values and elevated levels of both osteonectin and SCF, which also correlated with BMI. In comparison to healthy individuals, patients with cancer had significantly higher osteopontin levels and lower values of both osteonectin and osteonectin/osteopontin ratio. While no significant correlation was observed between BMI and the number of circulating BMSCs in patients with cancer, peripheral trafficking of CD34 + KDR + CD31 + CD45-endothelial progenitor cells and CD105 + STRO-1 + CD45-mesenchymal stem cells was associated with the osteonectin/osteopontin ratio, which also correlated with BMI (r = 0.52; P < 0.05). AT levels of the examined substances were similar to those measured in the plasma, except for osteonectin, which was about 10 times lower.Our study highlights the potential role of osteonectin, osteopontin, and SCF as communication signals between the bone (marrow) and AT in both healthy individuals and patients with pancreatic cancer. We postulate that these molecules may be overlooked biochemical players linking body mass and BMSCs with obesity-associated cancer development and/or progression in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Blogowski
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland (WB); Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Molecular Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland (KD); Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland (AD); Department of Microbiology and Immunological Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland (BD); and Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland (TS)
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Goday A, Barneto I, García-Almeida JM, Blasco A, Lecube A, Grávalos C, Martínez de Icaya P, de las Peñas R, Monereo S, Vázquez L, Palacio JE, Pérez-Segura P. Obesity as a risk factor in cancer: A national consensus of the Spanish Society for the Study of Obesity and the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology. Clin Transl Oncol 2015; 17:763-71. [PMID: 26036853 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-015-1306-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years, many prospective studies have demonstrated a clear association between obesity and cancers of the colon and rectum, breast in post-menopausal women, endometrium, kidney, oesophagus and pancreas. Obesity is also associated with a high risk of recurrence and cancer-related death. The pathophysiology of obesity involves various changes that may be implicated in the relationship between obesity and cancer, such as excess inflammatory cytokines and chronic inflammation, hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance, and raised leptin and oestrogens. The Spanish Society for the Study of Obesity and the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology have signed a cooperation agreement to work together towards reducing the impact of obesity in cancer. Preventing obesity prevents cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Goday
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital del Mar, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 25-29, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. .,IMIM Institut Mar de Investigacions Mediques, CiberOBN, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 25-29, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - I Barneto
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - J M García-Almeida
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - A Blasco
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Lecube
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - C Grávalos
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Martínez de Icaya
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - R de las Peñas
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial de Castellón, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - S Monereo
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Vázquez
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Complejo Hospitalario de Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - J E Palacio
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Tenerife, Spain
| | - P Pérez-Segura
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|