1
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Yew PYM, Chee PL, Lin Q, Owh C, Li J, Dou QQ, Loh XJ, Kai D, Zhang Y. Hydrogel for light delivery in biomedical applications. Bioact Mater 2024; 37:407-423. [PMID: 38689660 PMCID: PMC11059474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional optical waveguides or mediums are often silica-based materials, but their applications in biomedicine and healthcare are limited due to the poor biocompatibility and unsuitable mechanical properties. In term of the applications in human body, a biocompatible hydrogel system with excellent optical transparency and mechanical flexibility could be beneficial. In this review, we explore the different designs of hydrogel-based optical waveguides derived from natural and synthetic sources. We highlighted key developments such as light emitting contact lenses, implantable optical fibres, biosensing systems, luminating and fluorescent materials. Finally, we expand further on the challenges and perspectives for hydrogel waveguides to achieve clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pek Yin Michelle Yew
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, 627833, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Pei Lin Chee
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, 627833, Singapore
| | - Qianyu Lin
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Cally Owh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Jiayi Li
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Qing Qing Dou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Dan Kai
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, 627833, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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2
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Li X, Li Y, Zhang X, Xu J, Kang J, Li B, Zhao B, Wang L. Cross-Linking Methods of the Silk Protein Hydrogel in Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Tissue Regeneration. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2024; 21:529-544. [PMID: 38294593 PMCID: PMC11087422 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00624-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Craniomaxillofacial tissue defects are clinical defects involving craniomaxillofacial and oral soft and hard tissues. They are characterized by defect-shaped irregularities, bacterial and inflammatory environments, and the need for functional recovery. Conventional clinical treatments are currently unable to achieve regeneration of high-quality oral craniomaxillofacial tissue. As a natural biomaterial, silk fibroin (SF) has been widely studied in biomedicine and has broad prospects for use in tissue regeneration. Hydrogels made of SF showed excellent water retention, biocompatibility, safety and the ability to combine with other materials. METHODS To gain an in-depth understanding of the current development of SF, this article reviews the structure, preparation and application prospects in oral and craniomaxillofacial tissue regenerative medicine. It first briefly introduces the structure of SF and then summarizes the principles, advantages and disadvantages of the different cross-linking methods (physical cross-linking, chemical cross-linking and double network structure) of SF. Finally, the existing research on the use of SF in tissue engineering and the prospects of using SF with different cross-linking methods in oral and craniomaxillofacial tissue regeneration are also discussed. CONCLUSIONS This review is intended to show the advantages of SF hydrogels in tissue engineering and provides theoretical support for establishing novel and viable silk protein hydrogels for regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Li
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuanjiao Li
- School of Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xinsong Zhang
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jie Kang
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Bing Li
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Lu Wang
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
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3
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Li Q, Liang W, Wu H, Li J, Wang G, Zhen Y, An Y. Challenges in Application: Gelation Strategies of DAT-Based Hydrogel Scaffolds. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2024. [PMID: 38666688 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2023.0357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) has great clinical applicability, owing to its abundant source material, natural extracellular matrix microenvironment, and nonimmunogenic attributes, rendering it a versatile resource in the realm of tissue engineering. However, practical implementations are confronted with multifarious limitations. Among these, the selection of an appropriate gelation strategy serves as the foundation for adapting to diverse clinical contexts. The cross-linking strategies under varying physical or chemical conditions exert profound influences on the ultimate morphology and therapeutic efficacy of DAT. This review sums up the processes of DAT decellularization and subsequent gelation, with a specific emphasis on the diverse gelation strategies employed in recent experimental applications of DAT. The review expounds upon methodologies, underlying principles, and clinical implications of different gelation strategies, aiming to offer insights and inspiration for the application of DAT in tissue engineering and advance research for tissue engineering scaffold development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyu Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huiting Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingming Li
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Guanhuier Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghuan Zhen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang An
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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4
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Agostinacchio F, Fitzpatrick V, Dirè S, Kaplan DL, Motta A. Silk fibroin-based inks for in situ 3D printing using a double crosslinking process. Bioact Mater 2024; 35:122-134. [PMID: 38312518 PMCID: PMC10837071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The shortage of tissues and organs for transplantation is an urgent clinical concern. In situ 3D printing is an advanced 3D printing technique aimed at printing the new tissue or organ directly in the patient. The ink for this process is central to the outcomes, and must meet specific requirements such as rapid gelation, shape integrity, stability over time, and adhesion to surrounding healthy tissues. Among natural materials, silk fibroin exhibits fascinating properties that have made it widely studied in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, further improvements in silk fibroin inks are needed to match the requirements for in situ 3D printing. In the present study, silk fibroin-based inks were developed for in situ applications by exploiting covalent crosslinking process consisting of a pre-photo-crosslinking prior to printing and in situ enzymatic crosslinking. Two different silk fibroin molecular weights were characterized and the synergistic effect of the covalent bonds with shear forces enhanced the shift in silk secondary structure toward β-sheets, thus, rapid stabilization. These hydrogels exhibited good mechanical properties, stability over time, and resistance to enzymatic degradation over 14 days, with no significant changes over time in their secondary structure and swelling behavior. Additionally, adhesion to tissues in vitro was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Agostinacchio
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Material Science and Technology, Florence, Italy
- BIOtech Research Center and European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Vincent Fitzpatrick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Sandra Dirè
- Materials Chemistry Group & “Klaus Müller” Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Antonella Motta
- BIOtech Research Center and European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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5
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Sun Y, Ku BJ, Moon MJ. Microstructure of the silk fibroin-based hydrogel scaffolds derived from the orb-web spider Trichonephila clavata. Appl Microsc 2024; 54:3. [PMID: 38336879 PMCID: PMC10858014 DOI: 10.1186/s42649-024-00096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the unique properties of the silk fibroin (SF) made from silkworm, SF-based hydrogels have recently received significant attention for various biomedical applications. However, research on the SF-based hydrogels isolated from spider silks has been rtricted due to the limited collection and preparation of naïve silk materials. Therefore, this study focused on the microstructural characteristics of hydrogel scaffolds derived from two types of woven silk glands: the major ampullate gland (MAG) and the tubuliform gland (TG), in the orb-web spider Trichonephila clavate. We compared these spider glands with those of the silk fibroin (SF) hydrogel scaffold extracted from the cocoon of the insect silkworm Bombyx mori. Our FESEM analysis revealed that the SF hydrogel has high porosity, translucency, and a loose upper structure, with attached SF fibers providing stability. The MAG hydrogel displayed even higher porosity, as well as elongated fibrous structures, and improved mechanical properties: while the TG hydrogel showed increased porosity, ridge-like or wall-like structures, and stable biocapacity formed by physical crosslinking. Due to their powerful and versatile microstructural characteristics, the MAG and TG hydrogels can become tailored substrates, very effective for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Korea
| | - Bon-Jin Ku
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Moon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Korea.
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6
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Sun Z, Liu H, Dai D, Lyu H, Huang R, Wang W, Guo C. Injectable cell-laden silk acid hydrogel. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:316-319. [PMID: 38063025 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04280d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
This study presents an injectable cell-laden hydrogel system based on silk acid, a carboxylated derivative of natural silk fibroin, which exhibits promising applications in biomedicine. The hydrogel is produced under physiological conditions (37 °C and pH 7.4) via physical crosslinking. Notably, the hydrogel demonstrates remarkable cytocompatibility, enabling efficient cell encapsulation, and exhibits good injectability. These promising results strongly indicate the potential of silk acid hydrogel for transformative applications, including 3D cell culture, targeted cell delivery, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Sun
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310023, China.
| | - Haoran Liu
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310023, China.
| | - Dandan Dai
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310023, China.
| | - Hao Lyu
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310023, China.
| | - Ruochuan Huang
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310023, China.
| | - Wenzhao Wang
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310023, China.
| | - Chengchen Guo
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310023, China.
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
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7
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Jawed A, Khan MN, Khan NA, Hakeem MA, Khan P. Thermodynamic Insights into Variation in Thermomechanical and Physical Properties of Isotactic Polypropylene: Effect of Shear and Cooling Rates. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:36775-36788. [PMID: 37841128 PMCID: PMC10569009 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
In order to elucidate the effect of shear and cooling process on structural, thermomechanical, and physical properties of polymer melt, excess entropy, a thermodynamic quantity is calculated from radial distribution function generated from equilibrated parts of the molecular simulation trajectories. The structural properties are calculated, which includes the density of polypropylene melt, end to end distance, radius of gyration of the polypropylene polymer chain, and monomer-monomer radial distribution function. Non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation was employed to investigate the role of the applied shear rate on the properties of polypropylene. Furthermore, a range of cooling rates were employed to cool the melt. Thermomechanical properties, such as Young's modulus, and physical properties, such as glass transition temperature, were determined for different cases. Results showed that slow cooling and high shear substantially improved the Young's modulus and glass transition temperature of the i-PP. Furthermore, a two-body contribution to the excess entropy was used to elucidate the structure-property relationships in the polymer melt as well as the glassy state and the dependence of shear and cooling rate on these properties. We have used the Rosenfeld excess entropy-viscosity relationship to calculate the viscous behavior of the polymer under a steady shear condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad
S. Jawed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mohd Nasir Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Naseem A. Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mohammed A. Hakeem
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Parvez Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
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8
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Madappura AP, Madduri S. A comprehensive review of silk-fibroin hydrogels for cell and drug delivery applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:4868-4886. [PMID: 37860231 PMCID: PMC10583100 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogel scaffolds hold great promise for developing novel treatment strategies in the field of regenerative medicine. Within this context, silk fibroin (SF) has proven to be a versatile material for a wide range of tissue engineering applications owing to its structural and functional properties. In the present review, we report on the design and fabrication of different forms of SF-based scaffolds for tissue regeneration applications, particularly for skin, bone, and neural tissues. In particular, SF hydrogels have emerged as delivery systems for a wide range of bio-actives. Given the growing interest in the field, this review has a primary focus on the fabrication, characterization, and properties of SF hydrogels. We also discuss their potential for the delivery of drugs, stem cells, genes, peptides, and growth factors, including future directions in the field of SF hydrogel scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alakananda Parassini Madappura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 300044 Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Srinivas Madduri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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9
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Babaluei M, Mojarab Y, Mottaghitalab F, Farokhi M. Injectable hydrogel based on silk fibroin/carboxymethyl cellulose/agarose containing polydopamine functionalized graphene oxide with conductivity, hemostasis, antibacterial, and anti-oxidant properties for full-thickness burn healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:126051. [PMID: 37517755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Overcoming bacterial infections and promoting wound healing are significant challenges in clinical practice and fundamental research. This study developed a series of enzymatic crosslinking injectable hydrogels based on silk fibroin (SF), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and agarose, with the addition of polydopamine functionalized graphene oxide (GO@PDA) to endow the hydrogel with suitable conductivity and antimicrobial activity. The hydrogels exhibited suitable gelation time, stable mechanical and rheological properties, high water absorbency, and hemostatic properties. Biocompatibility was also confirmed through various assays. After loading the antibiotic vancomycin hydrochloride, the hydrogels showed sustained release and good antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The fast gelation time and desirable tissue-covering ability of the hydrogels allowed for a good hemostatic effect in a rat liver trauma model. In a rat full-thickness burn wound model, the hydrogels exhibited an excellent treatment effect, leading to significantly enhanced wound closure, collagen deposition, and granulation tissue formation, as well as neovascularization and anti-inflammatory effects. In conclusion, the antibacterial electroactive injectable hydrogel dressing, with its multifunctional properties, significantly promoted the in vivo wound healing process, making it an excellent candidate for full-thickness skin wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasamin Mojarab
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mottaghitalab
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Farokhi
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Thongnuek P, Kanokpanont S, Uttayarat P, Damrongsakkul S. Hydrogelation of Regenerated Silk Fibroin via Gamma Irradiation. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3734. [PMID: 37765589 PMCID: PMC10535586 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gamma irradiation, which is one of the more conventional sterilization methods, was used to induce the hydrogelation of silk fibroin in this study. The physical and chemical characteristics of the irradiation-induced silk fibroin hydrogels were investigated. Silk fibroin solution with a concentration greater than 1 wt% formed hydrogel when irradiated by gamma rays at a dose of 25 or 50 kGy. The hydrogel induced by 50 kGy of radiation was more thermally stable at 80 °C than those induced by 25 kGy of radiation. When compared to the spontaneously formed hydrogels, the irradiated hydrogels contained a greater fraction of random coils and a lower fraction of β-sheets. This finding implies that gelation via gamma irradiation occurs via other processes, in addition to crystalline β-sheet formation, which is a well-established mechanism. Our observation suggests that crosslinking and chain scission via gamma irradiation could occur in parallel with the β-sheet formation. The irradiation-induced hydrogels were obtained when the solution concentration was adequate to support the radiation crosslinking of the silk fibroin chains. This work has, therefore, demonstrated that gamma irradiation can be employed as an alternative method to produce chemical-free, random coil-rich, and sterilized silk fibroin hydrogels for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peerapat Thongnuek
- Center of Excellence in Biomaterial Engineering for Medical and Health, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.T.); (S.D.)
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sorada Kanokpanont
- Center of Excellence in Biomaterial Engineering for Medical and Health, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.T.); (S.D.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pimpon Uttayarat
- Research and Development Unit, Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization), Nakhon Nayok 26120, Thailand;
| | - Siriporn Damrongsakkul
- Center of Excellence in Biomaterial Engineering for Medical and Health, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.T.); (S.D.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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11
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Desai DN, Mahal A, Varshney R, Obaidullah AJ, Gupta B, Mohanty P, Pattnaik P, Mohapatra NC, Mishra S, Kandi V, Rabaan AA, Mohapatra RK. Nanoadjuvants: Promising Bioinspired and Biomimetic Approaches in Vaccine Innovation. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:27953-27968. [PMID: 37576639 PMCID: PMC10413842 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvants are the important part of vaccine manufacturing as they elicit the vaccination effect and enhance the durability of the immune response through controlled release. In light of this, nanoadjuvants have shown unique broad spectrum advantages. As nanoparticles (NPs) based vaccines are fast-acting and better in terms of safety and usability parameters as compared to traditional vaccines, they have attracted the attention of researchers. A vaccine nanocarrier is another interesting and promising area for the development of next-generation vaccines for prophylaxis. This review looks at the various nanoadjuvants and their structure-function relationships. It compiles the state-of-art literature on numerous nanoadjuvants to help domain researchers orient their understanding and extend their endeavors in vaccines research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv N. Desai
- Department
of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ahmed Mahal
- Department
of Medical Biochemical Analysis, College of Health Technology, Cihan University−Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Rajat Varshney
- Department
of Veterinary Microbiology, FVAS, Banaras
Hindu University, Mirzapur 231001, India
| | - Ahmad J. Obaidullah
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bhawna Gupta
- School
of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed-to-be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Pratikhya Mohanty
- Bioenergy
Lab, BDTC, School of Biotechnology, KIIT
Deemed-to-be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | | | | | - Snehasish Mishra
- Bioenergy
Lab, BDTC, School of Biotechnology, KIIT
Deemed-to-be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Department
of Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical
Sciences, Karimnagar 505 417, Telangana, India
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular
Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco
Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
- College
of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Public Health and Nutrition, The University
of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
| | - Ranjan K. Mohapatra
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar 758002, Odisha, India
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12
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Al-Jaber HA, Arsad A, Tahir M, Nuhma MJ, Bandyopadhyay S, Abdulmunem AR, Abdul Rahman AF, Harun ZB, Agi A. Enhancing Oil Recovery by Polymeric Flooding with Purple Yam and Cassava Nanoparticles. Molecules 2023; 28:4614. [PMID: 37375169 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant amounts of oil remain in the reservoir after primary and secondary operations, and to recover the remaining oil, enhanced oil recovery (EOR) can be applied as one of the feasible options remaining nowadays. In this study, new nano-polymeric materials have been prepared from purple yam and cassava starches. The yield of purple yam nanoparticles (PYNPs) was 85%, and that of cassava nanoparticles (CSNPs) was 90.53%. Synthesized materials were characterized through particle size distribution (PSA), Zeta potential distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The performance of PYNPs in recovering oil was better than CSNPs, as found from the recovery experiments. Zeta potential distribution results confirmed the stability of PYNPs over CSNPs (-36.3 mV for PYNPs and -10.7 mV for CSNPs). The optimum concentration for these nanoparticles has been found from interfacial tension measurements and rheological properties, and it was 0.60 wt.% for PYNPs and 0.80 wt.% for CSNPs. A more incremental recovery (33.46%) was achieved for the polymer that contained PYNPs in comparison to the other nano-polymer (31.3%). This paves the way for a new technology for polymer flooding that may replace the conventional method, which depends on partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasanain A Al-Jaber
- Institute for Oil and Gas, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemical Industries Technologies, Southern Technical University, Basrah 61006, Iraq
| | - Agus Arsad
- UTM-MPRC Institute for Oil and Gas, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Tahir
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mustafa Jawad Nuhma
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah City P.O. Box 88, Iraq
| | - Sulalit Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 1, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Abdulmunem R Abdulmunem
- Electromechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad 10066, Iraq
| | - Anis Farhana Abdul Rahman
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Zakiah Binti Harun
- Institute for Oil and Gas, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Augustine Agi
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, College of Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang 26300, Pahang, Malaysia
- Centre for Research in Advanced Fluid and Processes (Fluid Centre), Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang 26300, Pahang, Malaysia
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13
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Lyu Y, Liu Y, He H, Wang H. Application of Silk-Fibroin-Based Hydrogels in Tissue Engineering. Gels 2023; 9:gels9050431. [PMID: 37233022 DOI: 10.3390/gels9050431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF) is an excellent protein-based biomaterial produced by the degumming and purification of silk from cocoons of the Bombyx mori through alkali or enzymatic treatments. SF exhibits excellent biological properties, such as mechanical properties, biocompatibility, biodegradability, bioabsorbability, low immunogenicity, and tunability, making it a versatile material widely applied in biological fields, particularly in tissue engineering. In tissue engineering, SF is often fabricated into hydrogel form, with the advantages of added materials. SF hydrogels have mostly been studied for their use in tissue regeneration by enhancing cell activity at the tissue defect site or counteracting tissue-damage-related factors. This review focuses on SF hydrogels, firstly summarizing the fabrication and properties of SF and SF hydrogels and then detailing the regenerative effects of SF hydrogels as scaffolds in cartilage, bone, skin, cornea, teeth, and eardrum in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Lyu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yusheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Houzhe He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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14
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Sahoo JK, Hasturk O, Falcucci T, Kaplan DL. Silk chemistry and biomedical material designs. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:302-318. [PMID: 37165164 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00486-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Silk fibroin has applications in different medical fields such as tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, drug delivery and medical devices. Advances in silk chemistry and biomaterial designs have yielded exciting tools for generating new silk-based materials and technologies. Selective chemistries can enhance or tune the features of silk, such as mechanics, biodegradability, processability and biological interactions, to address challenges in medically relevant materials (hydrogels, films, sponges and fibres). This Review details the design and utility of silk biomaterials for different applications, with particular focus on chemistry. This Review consists of three segments: silk protein fundamentals, silk chemistries and functionalization mechanisms. This is followed by a description of different crosslinking chemistries facilitating network formation, including the formation of composite biomaterials. Utility in the fields of tissue engineering, drug delivery, 3D printing, cell coatings, microfluidics and biosensors are highlighted. Looking to the future, we discuss silk biomaterial design strategies to continue to improve medical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Onur Hasturk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Falcucci
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA.
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15
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Zhang M, Wang HY, Zhang YQ. Unidirectional Nanopore Dehydration Induces a Highly Stretchable and Mechanically Robust Silk Fibroin Membrane Dominated by Type II β-Turns. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:2741-2754. [PMID: 37027820 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous silk fibroin solution is dehydrated by evaporation into a water-soluble cast film (SFME) with poor mechanical properties but becomes by unidirectional nanopore dehydration (UND) into silk fibroin membrane (SFMU) with water-stable and good mechanical robustness. The thickness and tensile force of the SFMU are almost twice those of the MeOH-annealed SFME. The UND-based SFMU has a tensile strength of 15.82 MPa, an elongation of 665.23%, and a type II β-turn (Silk I) that accounts for 30.75% of the crystal structure. Mouse L-929 cells adhere, grow, and proliferate well on it. The UND temperature can be used to tune the secondary structure, mechanical properties, and biodegradability. UND induced the oriented arrangement of the silk molecules, which led to the formation of the SFMU dominated with Silk I structure. The silk metamaterial by controllable UND technology has great potential in medical biomaterials, biomimetic materials, sustained drug release, and flexible electronic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Silk Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The People's Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou 215163, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- Silk Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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16
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Kamada A, Toprakcioglu Z, Knowles TPJ. Kinetic Analysis Reveals the Role of Secondary Nucleation in Regenerated Silk Fibroin Self-Assembly. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1709-1716. [PMID: 36926854 PMCID: PMC10091410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Silk proteins obtained from the Bombyx mori silkworm have been extensively studied due to their remarkable mechanical properties. One of the major structural components of this complex material is silk fibroin, which can be isolated and processed further in vitro to form artificial functional materials. Due to the excellent biocompatibility and rich self-assembly behavior, there has been sustained interest in such materials formed through the assembly of regenerated silk fibroin feedstocks. The molecular mechanisms by which the soluble regenerated fibroin molecules self-assemble into protein nanofibrils remain, however, largely unknown. Here, we use the framework of chemical kinetics to connect macroscopic measurements of regenerated silk fibroin self-assembly to the underlying microscopic mechanisms. Our results reveal that the aggregation of regenerated silk fibroin is dominated by a nonclassical secondary nucleation processes, where the formation of new fibrils is catalyzed by the existing aggregates in an autocatalytic manner. Such secondary nucleation pathways were originally discovered in the context of polymerization of disease-associated proteins, but the present results demonstrate that this pathway can also occur in functional assembly. Furthermore, our results show that shear flow induces the formation of nuclei, which subsequently accelerate the process of aggregation through an autocatalytic amplification driven by the secondary nucleation pathway. Taken together, these results allow us to identify the parameters governing the kinetics of regenerated silk fibroin self-assembly and expand our current understanding of the spinning of bioinspired protein-based fibers, which have a wide range of applications in materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Kamada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Zenon Toprakcioglu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.,Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FE, U.K
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17
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Oral CB, Yetiskin B, Cil C, Kok FN, Okay O. Silk Fibroin-Based Shape-Memory Organohydrogels with Semicrystalline Microinclusions. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:1594-1603. [PMID: 36922721 PMCID: PMC10114111 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by nature, we designed organohydrogels (OHGs) consisting of a silk fibroin (SF) hydrogel as the continuous phase and the hydrophobic microinclusions based on semicrystalline poly(n-octadecyl acrylate) (PC18A) as the dispersed phase. SF acts as a self-emulsifier to obtain oil-in-water emulsions, and hence, it is a versatile and green alternative to chemical emulsifiers. We first prepared a stable oil-in-water emulsion without an external emulsifier by dispersing the n-octadecyl acrylate (C18A) monomer in an aqueous SF solution. To stabilize the emulsions for longer times, gelation in the continuous SF phase was induced by the addition of ethanol, which is known to trigger the conformational transition in SF from random coil to β-sheet structures. In the second step, in situ polymerization of C18A droplets in the emulsion system was conducted under UV light in the presence of a photoinitiator to obtain high-strength OHGs with shape-memory function, and good cytocompatibility. The incorporation of hydrophilic N,N-dimethylacrylamide and noncrystallizable hydrophobic lauryl methacrylate units in the hydrogel and organogel phases of OHGs, respectively, further improved their mechanical and shape-memory properties. The shape-memory OHGs presented here exhibit switchable viscoelasticity and mechanics, a high Young's modulus (up to 4.3 ± 0.1 MPa), compressive strength (up to 2.5 ± 0.1 MPa), and toughness (up to 0.68 MPa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Buse Oral
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Berkant Yetiskin
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Canan Cil
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Fatma Nese Kok
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Oguz Okay
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
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18
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Embedding Silk Fibroin-Alginate Hydrogel in a 3D-Printed Porous Poly(Lactic Acid) Bone Tissue Scaffold Augments Stem Cell Function. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-022-00286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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19
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Sharma A, Shambhwani D, Pandey S, Singh J, Lalhlenmawia H, Kumarasamy M, Singh SK, Chellappan DK, Gupta G, Prasher P, Dua K, Kumar D. Advances in Lung Cancer Treatment Using Nanomedicines. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:10-41. [PMID: 36643475 PMCID: PMC9835549 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Carcinoma of the lungs is among the most menacing forms of malignancy and has a poor prognosis, with a low overall survival rate due to delayed detection and ineffectiveness of conventional therapy. Therefore, drug delivery strategies that may overcome undesired damage to healthy cells, boost therapeutic efficacy, and act as imaging tools are currently gaining much attention. Advances in material science have resulted in unique nanoscale-based theranostic agents, which provide renewed hope for patients suffering from lung cancer. Nanotechnology has vastly modified and upgraded the existing techniques, focusing primarily on increasing bioavailability and stability of anti-cancer drugs. Nanocarrier-based imaging systems as theranostic tools in the treatment of lung carcinoma have proven to possess considerable benefits, such as early detection and targeted therapeutic delivery for effectively treating lung cancer. Several variants of nano-drug delivery agents have been successfully studied for therapeutic applications, such as liposomes, dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, carbon nanotubes, gold nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, hydrogels, and micelles. In this Review, we present a comprehensive outline on the various types of overexpressed receptors in lung cancer, as well as the various targeting approaches of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshansh Sharma
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
| | | | - Sadanand Pandey
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea
| | - Jay Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras
Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Hauzel Lalhlenmawia
- Department
of Pharmacy, Regional Institute of Paramedical
and Nursing Sciences, Zemabawk, Aizawl, Mizoram 796017, India
| | - Murali Kumarasamy
- Department
of Biotechnology, National Institute of
Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur 844102, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional
University, Phagwara 144411, India
- Faculty
of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative
Medicine, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo-NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department
of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International
Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Suresh
Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur 302017, India
- Department
of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical
and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 602117, India
- Uttaranchal
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal
University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Parteek Prasher
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Petroleum &
Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty
of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative
Medicine, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo-NSW 2007, Australia
- Discipline
of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo-NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
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20
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Bono N, Saroglia G, Marcuzzo S, Giagnorio E, Lauria G, Rosini E, De Nardo L, Athanassiou A, Candiani G, Perotto G. Silk fibroin microgels as a platform for cell microencapsulation. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2022; 34:3. [PMID: 36586059 PMCID: PMC9805413 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-022-06706-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cell microencapsulation has been utilized for years as a means of cell shielding from the external environment while facilitating the transport of gases, general metabolites, and secretory bioactive molecules at once. In this light, hydrogels may support the structural integrity and functionality of encapsulated biologics whereas ensuring cell viability and function and releasing potential therapeutic factors once in situ. In this work, we describe a straightforward strategy to fabricate silk fibroin (SF) microgels (µgels) and encapsulate cells into them. SF µgels (size ≈ 200 µm) were obtained through ultrasonication-induced gelation of SF in a water-oil emulsion phase. A thorough physicochemical (SEM analysis, and FT-IR) and mechanical (microindentation tests) characterization of SF µgels were carried out to assess their nanostructure, porosity, and stiffness. SF µgels were used to encapsulate and culture L929 and primary myoblasts. Interestingly, SF µgels showed a selective release of relatively small proteins (e.g., VEGF, molecular weight, MW = 40 kDa) by the encapsulated primary myoblasts, while bigger (macro)molecules (MW = 160 kDa) were hampered to diffusing through the µgels. This article provided the groundwork to expand the use of SF hydrogels into a versatile platform for encapsulating relevant cells able to release paracrine factors potentially regulating tissue and/or organ functions, thus promoting their regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Bono
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giulio Saroglia
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Stefania Marcuzzo
- Neurology IV-Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Giagnorio
- Neurology IV-Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lauria
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Rosini
- The Protein Factory 2.0, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Luigi De Nardo
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Candiani
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Perotto
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.
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21
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Designing Silk-Based Cryogels for Biomedical Applications. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 8:biomimetics8010005. [PMID: 36648791 PMCID: PMC9844337 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need to develop the next generation of medical products that require biomaterials with improved properties. The versatility of various gels has pushed them to the forefront of biomaterials research. Cryogels, a type of gel scaffold made by controlled crosslinking under subzero or freezing temperatures, have great potential to address many current challenges. Unlike their hydrogel counterparts, which are also able to hold large amounts of biologically relevant fluids such as water, cryogels are often characterized by highly dense and crosslinked polymer walls, macroporous structures, and often improved properties. Recently, one biomaterial that has garnered a lot of interest for cryogel fabrication is silk and its derivatives. In this review, we provide a brief overview of silk-based biomaterials and how cryogelation can be used for novel scaffold design. We discuss how various parameters and fabrication strategies can be used to tune the properties of silk-based biomaterials. Finally, we discuss specific biomedical applications of silk-based biomaterials. Ultimately, we aim to demonstrate how the latest advances in silk-based cryogel scaffolds can be used to address challenges in numerous bioengineering disciplines.
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22
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Eliaz D, Paul S, Benyamin D, Cernescu A, Cohen SR, Rosenhek-Goldian I, Brookstein O, Miali ME, Solomonov A, Greenblatt M, Levy Y, Raviv U, Barth A, Shimanovich U. Micro and nano-scale compartments guide the structural transition of silk protein monomers into silk fibers. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7856. [PMID: 36543800 PMCID: PMC9772184 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35505-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Silk is a unique, remarkably strong biomaterial made of simple protein building blocks. To date, no synthetic method has come close to reproducing the properties of natural silk, due to the complexity and insufficient understanding of the mechanism of the silk fiber formation. Here, we use a combination of bulk analytical techniques and nanoscale analytical methods, including nano-infrared spectroscopy coupled with atomic force microscopy, to probe the structural characteristics directly, transitions, and evolution of the associated mechanical properties of silk protein species corresponding to the supramolecular phase states inside the silkworm's silk gland. We found that the key step in silk-fiber production is the formation of nanoscale compartments that guide the structural transition of proteins from their native fold into crystalline β-sheets. Remarkably, this process is reversible. Such reversibility enables the remodeling of the final mechanical characteristics of silk materials. These results open a new route for tailoring silk processing for a wide range of new material formats by controlling the structural transitions and self-assembly of the silk protein's supramolecular phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Eliaz
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - S. Paul
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D. Benyamin
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401 Israel
| | - A. Cernescu
- grid.431971.9Neaspec—Attocube Systems AG, Eglfinger Weg 2, Haar, 85540 Munich Germany
| | - S. R. Cohen
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Re-hovot, Israel
| | - I. Rosenhek-Goldian
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Re-hovot, Israel
| | - O. Brookstein
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - M. E. Miali
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - A. Solomonov
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - M. Greenblatt
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Y. Levy
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - U. Raviv
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401 Israel
| | - A. Barth
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - U. Shimanovich
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
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23
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Elango J, Lijnev A, Zamora-Ledezma C, Alexis F, Wu W, Marín JMG, Sanchez de Val JEM. The Relationship of Rheological Properties and the Performance of Silk Fibroin Hydrogels in Tissue Engineering Application. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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24
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Composite silk fibroin hydrogel scaffolds for cartilage tissue regeneration. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Croft AS, Spessot E, Bhattacharjee P, Yang Y, Motta A, Wöltje M, Gantenbein B. Biomedical applications of silk and its role for intervertebral disc repair. JOR Spine 2022; 5:e1225. [PMID: 36601376 PMCID: PMC9799090 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) is the main contributor to chronic low back pain. To date, the present therapies mainly focus on treating the symptoms caused by IDD rather than addressing the problem itself. For this reason, researchers have searched for a suitable biomaterial to repair and/or regenerate the IVD. A promising candidate to fill this gap is silk, which has already been used as a biomaterial for many years. Therefore, this review aims first to elaborate on the different origins from which silk is harvested, the individual composition, and the characteristics of each silk type. Another goal is to enlighten why silk is so suitable as a biomaterial, discuss its functionalization, and how it could be used for tissue engineering purposes. The second part of this review aims to provide an overview of preclinical studies using silk-based biomaterials to repair the inner region of the IVD, the nucleus pulposus (NP), and the IVD's outer area, the annulus fibrosus (AF). Since the NP and the AF differ fundamentally in their structure, different therapeutic approaches are required. Consequently, silk-containing hydrogels have been used mainly to repair the NP, and silk-based scaffolds have been used for the AF. Although most preclinical studies have shown promising results in IVD-related repair and regeneration, their clinical transition is yet to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas S. Croft
- Tissue Engineering for Orthopaedic & Mechanobiology, Bone & Joint Program, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Medical FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Eugenia Spessot
- Department of Industrial Engineering and BIOtech Research CenterUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly,European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine UnitTrentoItaly
| | - Promita Bhattacharjee
- Department of Chemical SciencesSSPC the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of LimerickLimerickIreland
| | - Yuejiao Yang
- Department of Industrial Engineering and BIOtech Research CenterUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly,European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine UnitTrentoItaly,INSTM, Trento Research Unit, Interuniversity Consortium for Science and Technology of MaterialsTrentoItaly
| | - Antonella Motta
- Department of Industrial Engineering and BIOtech Research CenterUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly,European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine UnitTrentoItaly,INSTM, Trento Research Unit, Interuniversity Consortium for Science and Technology of MaterialsTrentoItaly
| | - Michael Wöltje
- Institute of Textile Machinery and High Performance Material TechnologyDresdenGermany
| | - Benjamin Gantenbein
- Tissue Engineering for Orthopaedic & Mechanobiology, Bone & Joint Program, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Medical FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology, InselspitalBern University Hospital, Medical Faculty, University of BernBernSwitzerland
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Laomeephol C, Ferreira H, Kanokpanont S, Luckanagul JA, Neves NM, Damrongsakkul S. Osteogenic differentiation of encapsulated cells in dexamethasone-loaded phospholipid-induced silk fibroin hydrogels. BIOMATERIALS TRANSLATIONAL 2022; 3:213-220. [PMID: 36654777 PMCID: PMC9840088 DOI: 10.12336/biomatertransl.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The tissue engineering triad comprises the combination of cells, scaffolds and biological factors. Therefore, we prepared cell- and drug-loaded hydrogels using in situ silk fibroin (SF) hydrogels induced by dimyristoyl glycerophosphoglycerol (DMPG). DMPG is reported to induce rapid hydrogel formation by SF, facilitating cell encapsulation in the hydrogel matrix while maintaining high cell viability and proliferative capacity. In addition, DMPG can be used for liposome formulations in entrapping drug molecules. Dexamethasone (Dex) was loaded into the DMPG-induced SF hydrogels together with human osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells, then the osteogenic differentiation of the entrapped cells was evaluated in vitro and compared to cells cultured under standard conditions. Calcium production by cells cultured in DMPG/Dex-SF hydrogels with Dex-depleted osteogenic medium was equivalent to that of cells cultured in conventional osteogenic medium containing Dex. The extended-release of the entrapped Dex by the hydrogels was able to provide a sufficient drug amount for osteogenic induction. The controlled release of Dex was also advantageous for cell viability even though its dose in the hydrogels was far higher than that in osteogenic medium. The results confirmed the possibility of using DMPG-induced SF hydrogels to enable dual cell and drug encapsulation to fulfil the practical applications of tissue-engineered constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chavee Laomeephol
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand,Biomaterial Engineering for Medical and Health Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Helena Ferreira
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal,ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sorada Kanokpanont
- Biomaterial Engineering for Medical and Health Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand,Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand,Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jittima Amie Luckanagul
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand,Center of Excellence in Plant-produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nuno M. Neves
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal,ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Siriporn Damrongsakkul
- Biomaterial Engineering for Medical and Health Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand,Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand,Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand,Corresponding author: Siriporn Damrongsakkul,
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Huang HC, Sung YC, Li CP, Wan D, Chao PH, Tseng YT, Liao BW, Cheng HT, Hsu FF, Huang CC, Chen YT, Liao YH, Hsieh HT, Shih YC, Liu IJ, Wu HC, Lu TT, Wang J, Chen Y. Reversal of pancreatic desmoplasia by a tumour stroma-targeted nitric oxide nanogel overcomes TRAIL resistance in pancreatic tumours. Gut 2022; 71:1843-1855. [PMID: 34921062 PMCID: PMC9380514 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stromal barriers, such as the abundant desmoplastic stroma that is characteristic of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), can block the delivery and decrease the tumour-penetrating ability of therapeutics such as tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), which can selectively induce cancer cell apoptosis. This study aimed to develop a TRAIL-based nanotherapy that not only eliminated the extracellular matrix barrier to increase TRAIL delivery into tumours but also blocked antiapoptotic mechanisms to overcome TRAIL resistance in PDAC. DESIGN Nitric oxide (NO) plays a role in preventing tissue desmoplasia and could thus be delivered to disrupt the stromal barrier and improve TRAIL delivery in PDAC. We applied an in vitro-in vivo combinatorial phage display technique to identify novel peptide ligands to target the desmoplastic stroma in both murine and human orthotopic PDAC. We then constructed a stroma-targeted nanogel modified with phage display-identified tumour stroma-targeting peptides to co-deliver NO and TRAIL to PDAC and examined the anticancer effect in three-dimensional spheroid cultures in vitro and in orthotopic PDAC models in vivo. RESULTS The delivery of NO to the PDAC tumour stroma resulted in reprogramming of activated pancreatic stellate cells, alleviation of tumour desmoplasia and downregulation of antiapoptotic BCL-2 protein expression, thereby facilitating tumour penetration by TRAIL and substantially enhancing the antitumour efficacy of TRAIL therapy. CONCLUSION The co-delivery of TRAIL and NO by a stroma-targeted nanogel that remodels the fibrotic tumour microenvironment and suppresses tumour growth has the potential to be translated into a safe and promising treatment for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Chien Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chieh Sung
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Pin Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Clinical Skills Training, Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dehui Wan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Po-Han Chao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Tseng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Wen Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Teng Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Biomedical Park Branch, Zhu Bei City, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Fei Hsu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Cheng Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hui Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsin Tzu Hsieh
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Shih
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - I-Ju Liu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chung Wu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Te Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jane Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yunching Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Bucciarelli A, Motta A. Use of Bombyx mori silk fibroin in tissue engineering: From cocoons to medical devices, challenges, and future perspectives. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 139:212982. [PMID: 35882138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Silk fibroin has become a prominent material in tissue engineering (TE) over the last 20 years with almost 10,000 published works spanning in all the TE applications, from skeleton to neuronal regeneration. Fibroin is an extremely versatile biopolymer that, due to its ease of processing, has enabled the development of an entire plethora of materials whose properties and architectures can be tailored to suit target applications. Although the research and development of fibroin TE materials and devices is mature, apart from sutures, only a few medical products made of fibroin are used in the clinical routines. <40 clinical trials of Bombyx mori silk-related products have been reported by the FDA and few of them resulted in a commercialized device. In this review, after explaining the structure and properties of silk fibroin, we provide an overview of both fibroin constructs existing in the literature and fibroin devices used in clinic. Through the comparison of these two categories, we identified the burning issues faced by fibroin products during their translation to the market. Two main aspects will be considered. The first is the standardization of production processes, which leads both to the standardization of the characteristics of the issued device and the correct assessment of its failure. The second is the FDA regulations, which allow new devices to be marketed through the 510(k) clearance by demonstrating their equivalence to a commercialized medical product. The history of some fibroin medical devices will be taken as a case study. Finally, we will outline a roadmap outlining what actions we believe are needed to bring fibroin products to the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Bucciarelli
- CNR nanotech, National Council of Research, University Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Antonella Motta
- BIOtech research centre and European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via delle Regole 101, 38123 Trento, Italy.
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29
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Injectable PEG-induced silk nanofiber hydrogel for vancomycin delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Peng Z, Li M, Wang Y, Yang H, Wei W, Liang M, Shi J, Liu R, Li R, Zhang Y, Liu J, Shi X, Wan R, Fu Y, Xie R, Wang Y. Self-Assembling Imageable Silk Hydrogels for the Focal Treatment of Osteosarcoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:698282. [PMID: 35794868 PMCID: PMC9251127 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.698282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The standard treatment for osteosarcoma comprises complete surgical resection and neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which may cause serious side effects and partial or total limb loss. Therefore, to avoid the disadvantages of traditional treatment, we developed self-assembling imageable silk hydrogels for osteosarcoma. Methods: We analysed whether iodine induced apoptosis in MG-63 and Saos-2 cells by using CCK-8 and flow cytometry assays and transmission electron microscopy. Western blotting was used to analyse the pathway of iodine-induced apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells. PEG400, silk fibroin solution, polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine (PVP-I), and meglumine diatrizoate (MD) were mixed to produce an imageable hydrogel. A nude mouse model of osteosarcoma was established, and the hydrogel was injected locally into the interior of the osteosarcoma with X-ray guidance. The therapeutic effect and biosafety of the hydrogel were evaluated. Results: Iodine treatment at 18 and 20 µM for 12 h resulted in cell survival rate reduced to 50 ± 2.1% and 50.5 ± 2.7% for MG-63 and Sao-2 cells, respectively (p < 0.01). The proportion of apoptotic cells was significantly higher in the iodine-treatment group than in the control group (p < 0.05), and apoptotic bodies were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Iodine could regulate the death receptor pathway and induce MG-63 and Saos-2 cell apoptosis. The hydrogels were simple to assemble, and gels could be formed within 38 min. A force of less than 50 N was required to inject the gels with a syringe. The hydrogels were readily loaded and led to sustained iodine release over 1 week. The osteosarcoma volume in the PEG-iodine-silk/MD hydrogel group was significantly smaller than that in the other three groups (p < 0.001). Caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) expression levels were significantly higher in the PEG-iodine-silk/MD hydrogel group than in the other three groups (p < 0.001). Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining showed no abnormalities in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, pancreas or thyroid in any group. Conclusions: Self-assembling imageable silk hydrogels could be injected locally into osteosarcoma tissues with X-ray assistance. With the advantages of good biosafety, low systemic toxicity and minimal invasiveness, self-assembling imageable silk hydrogels provide a promising approach for improving the locoregional control of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Peng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Innovation and Entrepreneurship Square, Science and Technology Innovation City, Hi-Tech Zone, Harbin, China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harbin 242 Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Min Liang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianhui Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Ruixuan Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yubo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingsong Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harbin 242 Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Ran Wan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Digestive Internal Medicine and Photodynamic Therapy Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yansong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Yansong Wang,
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31
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Preparation and Characterization of Natural Silk Fibroin Hydrogel for Protein Drug Delivery. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113418. [PMID: 35684356 PMCID: PMC9181960 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, hydrogels have been widely used as drug carriers, especially in the area of protein delivery. The natural silk fibroin produced from cocoons of the Bombyx mori silkworm possesses excellent biocompatibility, significant bioactivity, and biodegradability. Therefore, silk fibroin-based hydrogels are arousing widespread interest in biomedical research. In this study, a process for extracting natural silk fibroin from raw silk textile yarns was established, and three aqueous solutions of silk fibroin with different molecular weight distributions were successfully prepared by controlling the degumming time. Silk fibroin was dispersed in the aqueous solution as “spherical” aggregate particles, and the smaller particles continuously accumulated into large particles. Finally, a silk fibroin hydrogel network was formed. A rheological analysis showed that as the concentration of the silk fibroin hydrogel increased its storage modulus increased significantly. The degradation behavior of silk fibroin hydrogel in different media verified its excellent stability, and the prepared silk fibroin hydrogel had good biocompatibility and an excellent drug-loading capacity. After the protein model drug BSA was loaded, the cumulative drug release within 12 h reached 80%. We hope that these investigations will promote the potential utilities of silk fibroin hydrogels in clinical medicine.
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32
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Yang Z, Yi P, Liu Z, Zhang W, Mei L, Feng C, Tu C, Li Z. Stem Cell-Laden Hydrogel-Based 3D Bioprinting for Bone and Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:865770. [PMID: 35656197 PMCID: PMC9152119 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.865770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tremendous advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have revealed the potential of fabricating biomaterials to solve the dilemma of bone and articular defects by promoting osteochondral and cartilage regeneration. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is an innovative fabrication technology to precisely distribute the cell-laden bioink for the construction of artificial tissues, demonstrating great prospect in bone and joint construction areas. With well controllable printability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical properties, hydrogels have been emerging as an attractive 3D bioprinting material, which provides a favorable biomimetic microenvironment for cell adhesion, orientation, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Stem cell-based therapy has been known as a promising approach in regenerative medicine; however, limitations arise from the uncontrollable proliferation, migration, and differentiation of the stem cells and fortunately could be improved after stem cells were encapsulated in the hydrogel. In this review, our focus was centered on the characterization and application of stem cell-laden hydrogel-based 3D bioprinting for bone and cartilage tissue engineering. We not only highlighted the effect of various kinds of hydrogels, stem cells, inorganic particles, and growth factors on chondrogenesis and osteogenesis but also outlined the relationship between biophysical properties like biocompatibility, biodegradability, osteoinductivity, and the regeneration of bone and cartilage. This study was invented to discuss the challenge we have been encountering, the recent progress we have achieved, and the future perspective we have proposed for in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Yi
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongyue Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengyao Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chao Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zhihong Li, ; Chao Tu,
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zhihong Li, ; Chao Tu,
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33
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Silk Fibroin Hydrogels Could Be Therapeutic Biomaterials for Neurological Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2076680. [PMID: 35547640 PMCID: PMC9085322 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2076680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Silk fibroin, a natural macromolecular protein without physiological activity, has been widely used in different fields, such as the regeneration of bones, cartilage, nerves, and other tissues. Due to irrevocable neuronal injury, the treatment and prognosis of neurological diseases need to be investigated. Despite attempts to propel neuroprotective therapeutic approaches, numerous attempts to translate effective therapies for brain disease have been largely unsuccessful. As a good candidate for biomedical applications, hydrogels based on silk fibroin effectively amplify their advantages. The ability of nerve tissue regeneration, inflammation regulation, the slow release of drugs, antioxidative stress, regulation of cell death, and hemostasis could lead to a new approach to treating neurological disorders. In this review, we introduced the preparation of SF hydrogels and then delineated the probable mechanism of silk fibroin in the treatment of neurological diseases. Finally, we showed the application of silk fibroin in neurological diseases.
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Wu J, Sahoo JK, Li Y, Xu Q, Kaplan DL. Challenges in delivering therapeutic peptides and proteins: A silk-based solution. J Control Release 2022; 345:176-189. [PMID: 35157939 PMCID: PMC9133086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Peptide- and protein-based therapeutics have drawn significant attention over the past few decades for the treatment of infectious diseases, genetic disorders, oncology, and many other clinical needs. Yet, protecting peptide- and protein-based drugs from degradation and denaturation during processing, storage and delivery remain significant challenges. In this review, we introduce the properties of peptide- and protein-based drugs and the challenges associated with their stability and delivery. Then, we discuss delivery strategies using synthetic polymers and their advantages and limitations. This is followed by a focus on silk protein-based materials for peptide/protein drug processing, storage, and delivery, as a path to overcome stability and delivery challenges with current systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Jugal Kishore Sahoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Yamin Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Qiaobing Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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35
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Silk Fibroin-Based Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092757. [PMID: 35566110 PMCID: PMC9103528 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) involves the combination of cells with scaffolding materials and appropriate growth factors in order to regenerate or replace damaged and degenerated tissues and organs. The scaffold materials serve as templates for tissue formation and play a vital role in TE. Among scaffold materials, silk fibroin (SF), a naturally occurring protein, has attracted great attention in TE applications due to its excellent mechanical properties, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and bio-absorbability. SF is usually dissolved in an aqueous solution and can be easily reconstituted into different forms, including films, mats, hydrogels, and sponges, through various fabrication techniques, including spin coating, electrospinning, freeze drying, and supercritical CO2-assisted drying. Furthermore, to facilitate the fabrication of more complex SF-based scaffolds, high-precision techniques such as micro-patterning and bio-printing have been explored in recent years. These processes contribute to the diversity of surface area, mean pore size, porosity, and mechanical properties of different silk fibroin scaffolds and can be used in various TE applications to provide appropriate morphological and mechanical properties. This review introduces the physicochemical and mechanical properties of SF and looks into a range of SF-based scaffolds that have recently been developed. The typical applications of SF-based scaffolds for TE of bone, cartilage, teeth and mandible tissue, cartilage, skeletal muscle, and vascular tissue are highlighted and discussed followed by a discussion of issues to be addressed in future studies.
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36
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Fang T, Zhu J, Xu S, Jia L, Ma Y. Highly stretchable, self-healing and conductive silk fibroin-based double network gels via a sonication-induced and self-emulsifying green procedure. RSC Adv 2022; 12:11574-11582. [PMID: 35432940 PMCID: PMC9007228 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00954d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerated silk fibroin (RSF)-based hydrogels are promising biomedical materials due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, the weak mechanical properties and lack of functionality limit their practical applications. Here, we developed a tough and conductive RSF-based double network (DN) gel, consisting of a sonication-induced β-sheet physically crosslinked RSF/S gel as the first network and a hydrophobically associated polyacrylamide/stearyl methacrylate (PAAm/C18) gel as the second network. In particular, the cross-linking points of the second network were micelles formed by emulsifying the hydrophobic monomer (C18M) with a natural SF- capryl glucoside co-surfactant. The reversible dynamic bonds in the DN provided good self-healing ability and an effective dissipative energy mechanism for the DN hydrogel, while the addition of calcium ions improved the self-healing ability and electrical conductivity of the hydrogel. Under optimal conditions, the RSF/S-PAAm/C18 DN gels exhibited large extensibility (1400%), high tensile strength (0.3 MPa), satisfactory self-healing capability (90%) and electrical conductivity (0.12 S·m-1). The full physically interacted DN hydrogels are expected to be applied in various fields such as tissue engineering, biosensors and artificial electronic skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Fang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Jingxin Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Shuai Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Lan Jia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Yanlong Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
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Budharaju H, Zennifer A, Sethuraman S, Paul A, Sundaramurthi D. Designer DNA biomolecules as a defined biomaterial for 3D bioprinting applications. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:1141-1166. [PMID: 35006214 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01632f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
DNA has excellent features such as the presence of functional and targeted molecular recognition motifs, tailorability, multifunctionality, high-precision molecular self-assembly, hydrophilicity, and outstanding biocompatibility. Due to these remarkable features, DNA has emerged as a leading next-generation biomaterial of choice to make hydrogels by self-assembly. In recent times, novel routes for the chemical synthesis of DNA, advances in tailorable designs, and affordable production ways have made DNA as a building block material for various applications. These advanced features have made researchers continuously explore the interesting properties of pure and hybrid DNA for 3D bioprinting and other biomedical applications. This review article highlights the topical advancements in the use of DNA as an ideal bioink for the bioprinting of cell-laden three-dimensional tissue constructs for regenerative medicine applications. Various bioprinting techniques and emerging design approaches such as self-assembly, nucleotide sequence, enzymes, and production cost to use DNA as a bioink for bioprinting applications are described. In addition, various types and properties of DNA hydrogels such as stimuli responsiveness and mechanical properties are discussed. Further, recent progress in the applications of DNA in 3D bioprinting are emphasized. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives of DNA hydrogels in 3D bioprinting and other biomedical applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshavardhan Budharaju
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing (TEAM) Lab, Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), ABCDE Innovation Centre, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Allen Zennifer
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing (TEAM) Lab, Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), ABCDE Innovation Centre, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Swaminathan Sethuraman
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing (TEAM) Lab, Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), ABCDE Innovation Centre, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Arghya Paul
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Dhakshinamoorthy Sundaramurthi
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing (TEAM) Lab, Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), ABCDE Innovation Centre, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Zhang J, Li S, Yang Z, Liu C, Chen X, Zhang Y, Zhang F, Shi H, Chen X, Tao L, Shan H, Zhang M. Implantation of injectable SF hydrogel with sustained hydrogen sulfide delivery reduces neuronal pyroptosis and enhances functional recovery after severe intracerebral hemorrhage. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 135:212743. [PMID: 35929216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an important endogenous signaling molecule, plays an important neuroprotective role in the central nervous system. However, there is no ideal delivery material or method involving the sustained and controlled release of H2S for clinical application in brain diseases. Silk fibroin (SF)-based hydrogels have become a potentially promising strategy for local, controlled, sustained drug release in the treatment of various disorders. Here, we show a silk fibroin (SF)-based hydrogel with sustained H2S delivery (H2S@SF hydrogel) is effective in treating brain injury through stereotactic orthotopic injection in a severe intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) mouse model. In this study, we observed H2S@SF hydrogel sustained H2S release in vitro and in vivo. The physicochemical properties of H2S@SF hydrogel were studied using FE-SEM, Raman spectroscopy and Rheological analysis. Treatment with H2S@SF hydrogel attenuated brain edema, reduced hemorrhage volume and improved the recovery of neurological deficits after severe ICH following stereotactic orthotopic injection. Double immunofluorescent staining also revealed that H2S@SF hydrogel may reduce cell pyroptosis in the striatum, cortex and hippocampus. However, when using endogenous H2S production inhibitor AOAA, H2S@SF hydrogel could not suppress ICH-induced cell pyroptosis. Hence, the therapeutic effect of the H2S@SF hydrogel may be partly the result of the slow-release of H2S and/or the effect of the SF hydrogel on the production of endogenous H2S. Altogether, the results exhibit promising attributes of injectable silk fibroin hydrogel and the utility of H2S-loaded injectable SF hydrogel as an alternative biomaterial toward brain injury treatment for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhang
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Sunao Li
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhenbei Yang
- Department of Textile Engineering, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215001, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xueshi Chen
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Textile Engineering, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215001, China
| | - Haibin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiping Chen
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Luyang Tao
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Haiyan Shan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215008, China.
| | - Mingyang Zhang
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Li C, Wu J, Shi H, Xia Z, Sahoo JK, Yeo J, Kaplan DL. Fiber-Based Biopolymer Processing as a Route toward Sustainability. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2105196. [PMID: 34647374 PMCID: PMC8741650 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Some of the most abundant biomass on earth is sequestered in fibrous biopolymers like cellulose, chitin, and silk. These types of natural materials offer unique and striking mechanical and functional features that have driven strong interest in their utility for a range of applications, while also matching environmental sustainability needs. However, these material systems are challenging to process in cost-competitive ways to compete with synthetic plastics due to the limited options for thermal processing. This results in the dominance of solution-based processing for fibrous biopolymers, which presents challenges for scaling, cost, and consistency in outcomes. However, new opportunities to utilize thermal processing with these types of biopolymers, as well as fibrillation approaches, can drive renewed opportunities to bridge this gap between synthetic plastic processing and fibrous biopolymers, while also holding sustainability goals as critical to long-term successful outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Junqi Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Haoyuan Shi
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14853, USA
| | - Zhiyu Xia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Jugal Kishore Sahoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Jingjie Yeo
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14853, USA
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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Hu X, Xia Z, Cai K. Recent advances of 3D hydrogel culture systems for mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy and cell behavior regulation. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:1486-1507. [DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02537f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been increasingly recognized as resources for disease treatments and regenerative medicine. Meanwhile, the unique chemical and physical properties of hydrogels provide innate advantages to achieve...
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Barroso IA, Man K, Villapun VM, Cox SC, Ghag AK. Methacrylated Silk Fibroin Hydrogels: pH as a Tool to Control Functionality. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:4779-4791. [PMID: 34586800 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed significant progress in the development of photosensitive polymers for in situ polymerization and 3D printing applications. Light-mediated sol-gel transitions have immense potential for tissue engineering applications as cell-laden materials can be crosslinked within minutes under mild environmental conditions. Silk fibroin (SF) is extensively explored in regenerative medicine applications due to its ease of modification and exceptional mechanical properties along with cytocompatibility. To efficiently design SF materials, the in vivo assembly of SF proteins must be considered. During SF biosynthesis, changes in pH, water content, and metal ion concentrations throughout the silkworm gland divisions drive the transition from liquid silk to its fiber form. Herein, we study the effect of the glycidyl-methacrylate-modified SF (SilkMA) solution pH on the properties and secondary structure of SilkMA hydrogels by testing formulations prepared at pH 5, 7, and 8. Our results demonstrate an influence of the prepolymer solution pH on the hydrogel rheological properties, compressive modulus, optical transmittance, and network swellability. The hydrogel pH did not affect the in vitro viability and morphology of human dermal fibroblasts. This work demonstrates the utility of the solution pH to tailor the SilkMA conformational structure development toward utility and function and shows the need to strictly control the pH to reduce batch-to-batch variability and ensure reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês A Barroso
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Kenny Man
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Victor M Villapun
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Sophie C Cox
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Anita K Ghag
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, Birmingham, U.K
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Bonferoni MC, Caramella C, Catenacci L, Conti B, Dorati R, Ferrari F, Genta I, Modena T, Perteghella S, Rossi S, Sandri G, Sorrenti M, Torre ML, Tripodo G. Biomaterials for Soft Tissue Repair and Regeneration: A Focus on Italian Research in the Field. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091341. [PMID: 34575417 PMCID: PMC8471088 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue repair and regeneration is an interdisciplinary field focusing on developing bioactive substitutes aimed at restoring pristine functions of damaged, diseased tissues. Biomaterials, intended as those materials compatible with living tissues after in vivo administration, play a pivotal role in this area and they have been successfully studied and developed for several years. Namely, the researches focus on improving bio-inert biomaterials that well integrate in living tissues with no or minimal tissue response, or bioactive materials that influence biological response, stimulating new tissue re-growth. This review aims to gather and introduce, in the context of Italian scientific community, cutting-edge advancements in biomaterial science applied to tissue repair and regeneration. After introducing tissue repair and regeneration, the review focuses on biodegradable and biocompatible biomaterials such as collagen, polysaccharides, silk proteins, polyesters and their derivatives, characterized by the most promising outputs in biomedical science. Attention is pointed out also to those biomaterials exerting peculiar activities, e.g., antibacterial. The regulatory frame applied to pre-clinical and early clinical studies is also outlined by distinguishing between Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products and Medical Devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bice Conti
- Correspondence: (M.C.B.); (B.C.); (F.F.)
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Abstract
Silk fibroin has been explored as a suitable biomaterial due to its biocompatibility, tunable degradability, low toxicity, and mechanical properties. To harness silk fibroin's innate properties, it is purified from native silkworm cocoons by removing proteins and debris that have the potential to cause inflammatory responses. Typically, within the purification and fabrication steps, chemical solvents, energy-intensive equipment, and large quantities of water are used to reverse engineer silk fibroin into an aqueous solution and then process into the final material format. Gentler, green methods for extraction and fabrication have been developed that reduce or remove the need for harmful chemical additives and energy-inefficient equipment while still producing mechanically robust biomaterials. This review will focus on the alternative green processing and fabrication methods that have proven useful in creating silk fibroin materials for a range of applications including consumer and medical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K DeBari
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Claude I King
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Tahlia A Altgold
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.,Biomedical Engineering Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rosalyn D Abbott
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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Ahn W, Lee JH, Kim SR, Lee J, Lee EJ. Designed protein- and peptide-based hydrogels for biomedical sciences. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:1919-1940. [PMID: 33475659 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02604b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Proteins are fundamentally the most important macromolecules for biochemical, mechanical, and structural functions in living organisms. Therefore, they provide us with diverse structural building blocks for constructing various types of biomaterials, including an important class of such materials, hydrogels. Since natural peptides and proteins are biocompatible and biodegradable, they have features advantageous for their use as the building blocks of hydrogels for biomedical applications. They display constitutional and mechanical similarities with the native extracellular matrix (ECM), and can be easily bio-functionalized via genetic and chemical engineering with features such as bio-recognition, specific stimulus-reactivity, and controlled degradation. This review aims to give an overview of hydrogels made up of recombinant proteins or synthetic peptides as the structural elements building the polymer network. A wide variety of hydrogels composed of protein or peptide building blocks with different origins and compositions - including β-hairpin peptides, α-helical coiled coil peptides, elastin-like peptides, silk fibroin, and resilin - have been designed to date. In this review, the structures and characteristics of these natural proteins and peptides, with each of their gelation mechanisms, and the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties as well as biocompatibility of the resulting hydrogels are described. In addition, this review discusses the potential of using protein- or peptide-based hydrogels in the field of biomedical sciences, especially tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonkyung Ahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea. and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Hwan Lee
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Rin Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeewon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun Jung Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Qu X, Yan L, Liu S, Tan Y, Xiao J, Cao Y, Chen K, Xiao W, Li B, Liao X. Preparation of silk fibroin/hyaluronic acid hydrogels with enhanced mechanical performance by a combination of physical and enzymatic crosslinking. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2021; 32:1635-1653. [PMID: 34004124 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2021.1932070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF) from Bombyx mori is a natural polymer with exceptional biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and ease of processability. SF-based hydrogels have been identified as one of the most attractive candidate scaffolds for tissue engineering and can be fabricated through various physical or chemical crosslinking approaches. However, conventional SF hydrogels may suffer from several major drawbacks, such as structural inhomogeneity, poor mechanical properties or utilization of cytotoxic reagents. Herein, a dually crosslinked SF-based composite hydrogel with enhanced strength and elasticity was fabricated by inducing the formation of uniform and small β-sheet structures by sonication in a restricted enzymatic precrosslinked network. The composite hydrogel not only demonstrated concentration-dependent stiffness variation but also exhibited time-dependent changes in toughness behavior. Moreover, subsequent experimental results revealed that the hydrogels exhibit other advantages, including high water retention capacity and long-term stability under physiological conditions. Finally, a three-dimensional (3 D) construct of the cell-laden hydrogel was fabricated, confirming that the composite hydrogel could provide a biocompatible microenvironment with dynamically changing mechanical properties. The combination of physical and enzymatic crosslinking strategies contributes to a biocompatible composite hydrogel with unique mechanical properties that holds great potential for use in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Qu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Materials and Devices, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Ling Yan
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nano/Micro Biomedical Detection Technology, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Materials and Devices, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yunfei Tan
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nano/Micro Biomedical Detection Technology, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nano/Micro Biomedical Detection Technology, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Cao
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nano/Micro Biomedical Detection Technology, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Ke Chen
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nano/Micro Biomedical Detection Technology, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Wenqian Xiao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Materials and Devices, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Bo Li
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nano/Micro Biomedical Detection Technology, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Liao
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nano/Micro Biomedical Detection Technology, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, P. R. China
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Wen DL, Sun DH, Huang P, Huang W, Su M, Wang Y, Han MD, Kim B, Brugger J, Zhang HX, Zhang XS. Recent progress in silk fibroin-based flexible electronics. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2021; 7:35. [PMID: 34567749 PMCID: PMC8433308 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00261-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the emergence of 5G, traditional silicon-based electronics no longer fully meet market demands such as nonplanar application scenarios due to mechanical mismatch. This provides unprecedented opportunities for flexible electronics that bypass the physical rigidity through the introduction of flexible materials. In recent decades, biological materials with outstanding biocompatibility and biodegradability, which are considered some of the most promising candidates for next-generation flexible electronics, have received increasing attention, e.g., silk fibroin, cellulose, pectin, chitosan, and melanin. Among them, silk fibroin presents greater superiorities in biocompatibility and biodegradability, and moreover, it also possesses a variety of attractive properties, such as adjustable water solubility, remarkable optical transmittance, high mechanical robustness, light weight, and ease of processing, which are partially or even completely lacking in other biological materials. Therefore, silk fibroin has been widely used as fundamental components for the construction of biocompatible flexible electronics, particularly for wearable and implantable devices. Furthermore, in recent years, more attention has been paid to the investigation of the functional characteristics of silk fibroin, such as the dielectric properties, piezoelectric properties, strong ability to lose electrons, and sensitivity to environmental variables. Here, this paper not only reviews the preparation technologies for various forms of silk fibroin and the recent progress in the use of silk fibroin as a fundamental material but also focuses on the recent advanced works in which silk fibroin serves as functional components. Additionally, the challenges and future development of silk fibroin-based flexible electronics are summarized. (1) This review focuses on silk fibroin serving as active functional components to construct flexible electronics. (2) Recent representative reports on flexible electronic devices that applied silk fibroin as fundamental supporting components are summarized. (3) This review summarizes the current typical silk fibroin-based materials and the corresponding advanced preparation technologies. (4) The current challenges and future development of silk fibroin-based flexible electronic devices are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Liang Wen
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - De-Heng Sun
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Peng Huang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Wen Huang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Meng Su
- CIRMM, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8505 Japan
| | - Ya Wang
- Microsystems Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Meng-Di Han
- Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, 100087 Beijing, China
| | - Beomjoon Kim
- CIRMM, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8505 Japan
| | - Juergen Brugger
- Microsystems Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hai-Xia Zhang
- Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, 100087 Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Sheng Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
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Webber MJ, Pashuck ET. (Macro)molecular self-assembly for hydrogel drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 172:275-295. [PMID: 33450330 PMCID: PMC8107146 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels prepared via self-assembly offer scalable and tunable platforms for drug delivery applications. Molecular-scale self-assembly leverages an interplay of attractive and repulsive forces; drugs and other active molecules can be incorporated into such materials by partitioning in hydrophobic domains, affinity-mediated binding, or covalent integration. Peptides have been widely used as building blocks for self-assembly due to facile synthesis, ease of modification with bioactive molecules, and precise molecular-scale control over material properties through tunable interactions. Additional opportunities are manifest in stimuli-responsive self-assembly for more precise drug action. Hydrogels can likewise be fabricated from macromolecular self-assembly, with both synthetic polymers and biopolymers used to prepare materials with controlled mechanical properties and tunable drug release. These include clinical approaches for solubilization and delivery of hydrophobic drugs. To further enhance mechanical properties of hydrogels prepared through self-assembly, recent work has integrated self-assembly motifs with polymeric networks. For example, double-network hydrogels capture the beneficial properties of both self-assembled and covalent networks. The expanding ability to fabricate complex and precise materials, coupled with an improved understanding of biology, will lead to new classes of hydrogels specifically tailored for drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Webber
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - E Thomas Pashuck
- Lehigh University, Department of Bioengineering, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
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Zhao Y, Zhu ZS, Guan J, Wu SJ. Processing, mechanical properties and bio-applications of silk fibroin-based high-strength hydrogels. Acta Biomater 2021; 125:57-71. [PMID: 33601067 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are an attractive class of materials that possess similar structural and functional characteristics to wet biological tissues and demonstrate a diversity of applications in biomedical engineering. Silk fibroin (SF) is a unique natural polymer due to its fibrous protein nature, versatile formats, biocompatibility, tunable biodegradation and is thus a good hydrogel candidate for bio-applications. Compared to synthetic polymer hydrogels, poor mechanical performance is still a fatal drawback that hinders the application of SF hydrogels as structural materials. Researchers have attempted to develop strategies to construct silk fibroin-based high-strength hydrogels (SF-HSHs). Herein, we firstly provide an overview of the approaches of processing SF-HSHs with a focus on the physical/non-covalent crosslinking mechanisms. The examples of SF-HSHs are discussed in detail under four categories, including physical-crosslinked, dual-crosslinked, double network and composite hydrogels respectively. A brief section follows to elucidate on the gelation mechanisms of SF-HSHs before a description of the utility of SF-HSHs in biomedicine and devices is presented. Finally, the potential challenges and future development of SF-HSHs are briefly discussed. This review aims to enhance our understanding of the structure-mechanical property-function relationships of soft materials made from natural polymers and guide future research of silk fibroin-based hydrogels for biomedical applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Silk fibroin (SF) extracted from silk fibres is increasingly applied in the biomedical field, and SF hydrogel has been an emerging area for frontier bio-research. Since SF biopolymer has an intrinsic tendency to form regular β-sheet stacks, it can be processed into purely physically crosslinked hydrogels, thus avoiding the use of chemical crosslinkers. Nevertheless, akin to other natural polymers, lab-produced SF is variable (i.e. the molecular weight and distribution), and the gelation of SF hydrogel is challenging to control. In addition, hydrogels made from SF are usually weak and brittle, which hinders the wide use of this biofriendly and biodegradable hydrogel. Recently, there is a pressing need for high strength hydrogels from natural polymers for biomedical applications, and SF is proposed as a strong candidate. Therefore, we have studied the literature in the past 10 years and would like to focus on the gelation mechanism and mechanical strength of SF hydrogels for the review.
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