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Li B, Yu W, Verkhratsky A. Trace metals and astrocytes physiology and pathophysiology. Cell Calcium 2024; 118:102843. [PMID: 38199057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Several trace metals, including iron, copper, manganese and zinc are essential for normal function of the nervous system. Both deficiency and excessive accumulation of these metals trigger neuropathological developments. The central nervous system (CNS) is in possession of dedicated homeostatic system that removes, accumulates, stores and releases these metals to fulfil nervous tissue demand. This system is mainly associated with astrocytes that act as dynamic reservoirs for trace metals, these being a part of a global system of CNS ionostasis. Here we overview physiological and pathophysiological aspects of astrocyte-cantered trace metals regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoman Li
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-Evidence Sciences, China; China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, China
| | - Weiyang Yu
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-Evidence Sciences, China; China Medical University Centre of Forensic Investigation, China
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, Ikerbasque, Bilbao 48011, Spain; Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius LT-01102, Lithuania.
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2
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Klbik I. Is post-hypertonic lysis of human red blood cells caused by excessive cell volume regulation? Cryobiology 2024; 114:104795. [PMID: 37984597 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2023.104795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Human red blood cells (RBC) exposed to hypertonic media are subject to post-hypertonic lysis - an injury that only develops during resuspension to an isotonic medium. The nature of post-hypertonic lysis was previously hypothesized to be osmotic when cation leaks were observed, and salt loading was suggested as a cause of the cell swelling upon resuspension in an isotonic medium. However, it was problematic to account for the salt loading since the plasma membrane of human RBCs was considered impermeable to cations. In this study, the hypertonicity-related behavior of human RBCs is revisited within the framework of modern cell physiology, considering current knowledge on membrane ion transport mechanisms - an account still missing. It is recognized here that the hypertonic behavior of human RBCs is consistent with the acute regulatory volume increase (RVI) response - a healthy physiological reaction initiated by cells to regulate their volume by salt accumulation. It is shown by reviewing the published studies that human RBCs can increase cation conductance considerably by activating cell volume-regulated ion transport pathways inactive under normal isotonic conditions and thus facilitate salt loading. A simplified physiological model accounting for transmembrane ion fluxes and membrane voltage predicts the isotonic cell swelling associated with increased cation conductance, eventually reaching hemolytic volume. The proposed involvement of cell volume regulation mechanisms shows the potential to explain the complex nature of the osmotic response of human RBCs and other cells. Cryobiological implications, including mechanisms of cryoprotection, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Klbik
- Institute of Physics SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 11, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Department of Experimental Physics, FMFI UK, Mlynská dolina F1, 842 48, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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3
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Robertson CD, Davis P, Richardson RR, Iffland PH, Vieira DCO, Steyert M, McKeon PN, Romanowski AJ, Crutcher G, Jašarević E, Wolff SBE, Mathur BN, Crino PB, Bale TL, Dick IE, Poulopoulos A. Rapid modeling of an ultra-rare epilepsy variant in wild-type mice by in utero prime editing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.06.570164. [PMID: 38106154 PMCID: PMC10723435 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.06.570164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Generating animal models for individual patients within clinically-useful timeframes holds great potential toward enabling personalized medicine approaches for genetic epilepsies. The ability to rapidly incorporate patient-specific genomic variants into model animals recapitulating elements of the patient's clinical manifestations would enable applications ranging from validation and characterization of pathogenic variants to personalized models for tailoring pharmacotherapy to individual patients. Here, we demonstrate generation of an animal model of an individual epilepsy patient with an ultra-rare variant of the NMDA receptor subunit GRIN2A, without the need for germline transmission and breeding. Using in utero prime editing in the brain of wild-type mice, our approach yielded high in vivo editing precision and induced frequent, spontaneous seizures which mirrored specific elements of the patient's clinical presentation. Leveraging the speed and versatility of this approach, we introduce PegAssist, a generalizable workflow to generate bedside-to-bench animal models of individual patients within weeks. The capability to produce individualized animal models rapidly and cost-effectively will reduce barriers to access for precision medicine, and will accelerate drug development by offering versatile in vivo platforms to identify compounds with efficacy against rare neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin D Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology and UM-MIND, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patrick Davis
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan R Richardson
- Department of Pharmacology and UM-MIND, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Philip H Iffland
- Department of Neurology, and UM-MIND, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daiana C O Vieira
- Department of Physiology and UM-MIND, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marilyn Steyert
- Department of Pharmacology and UM-MIND, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paige N McKeon
- Department of Pharmacology and UM-MIND, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrea J Romanowski
- Department of Pharmacology and UM-MIND, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Garrett Crutcher
- Department of Pharmacology and UM-MIND, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eldin Jašarević
- Department of Pharmacology and UM-MIND, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Current affiliations: MS: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco; EJ: Department Computational and Systems Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; TB: Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - Steffen B E Wolff
- Department of Pharmacology and UM-MIND, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brian N Mathur
- Department of Pharmacology and UM-MIND, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter B Crino
- Department of Neurology, and UM-MIND, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tracy L Bale
- Department of Pharmacology and UM-MIND, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Current affiliations: MS: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco; EJ: Department Computational and Systems Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; TB: Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - Ivy E Dick
- Department of Physiology and UM-MIND, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexandros Poulopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology and UM-MIND, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Noguera Hurtado H, Gresch A, Düfer M. NMDA receptors - regulatory function and pathophysiological significance for pancreatic beta cells. Biol Chem 2023; 404:311-324. [PMID: 36626848 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2022-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to its unique features amongst ionotropic glutamate receptors, the NMDA receptor is of special interest in the physiological context but even more as a drug target. In the pathophysiology of metabolic disorders, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus, there is evidence that NMDA receptor activation contributes to disease progression by impairing beta cell function. Consequently, channel inhibitors are suggested for treatment, but up to now there are many unanswered questions about the signaling pathways NMDA receptors are interfering with in the islets of Langerhans. In this review we give an overview about channel structure and function with special regard to the pancreatic beta cells and the regulation of insulin secretion. We sum up which signaling pathways from brain research have already been transferred to the beta cell, and what still needs to be proven. The main focus is on the relationship between an over-stimulated NMDA receptor and the production of reactive oxygen species, the amount of which is crucial for beta cell function. Finally, pilot studies using NMDA receptor blockers to protect the islet from dysfunction are reviewed and future perspectives for the use of such compounds in the context of impaired glucose homeostasis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Noguera Hurtado
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Anne Gresch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Martina Düfer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Lee J, Park S, Jang W. Serum zinc deficiency could be associated with dementia conversion in Parkinson's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1132907. [PMID: 37181629 PMCID: PMC10172503 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1132907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Association between heavy metals and Parkinson's disease (PD) is well noted, but studies regarding heavy metal levels and non-motor symptoms of PD, such as PD's dementia (PD-D), are lacking. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we compared five serum heavy metal levels (Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg, and Mn) of newly diagnosed PD patients (n = 124). Among 124 patients, 40 patients were later converted to Parkinson's disease dementia (PD-D), and 84 patients remained without dementia during the follow-up time. We collected clinical parameters of PD and conducted correlation analysis with heavy metal levels. PD-D conversion time was defined as the initiation time of cholinesterase inhibitors. Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify factors associated with dementia conversion in PD subjects. Results Zn deficiency was significant in the PD-D group than in the PD without dementia group (87.53 ± 13.20 vs. 74.91 ± 14.43, p < 0.01). Lower serum Zn level was significantly correlated with K-MMSE and LEDD at 3 months (r = -0.28, p < 0.01; r = 0.38, p < 0.01). Zn deficiency also contributed to a shorter time to dementia conversion (HR 0.953, 95% CI 0.919 to 0.988, p < 0.01). Conclusion This clinical study suggests that a low serum Zn level can be a risk factor for developing PD-D and could be used as a biological marker for PD-D conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyeon Park
- Department of Biostatistics, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyoung Jang
- Department of Neurology, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Wooyoung Jang,
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Nishida K, Bansho S, Ikukawa A, Kubota T, Ohishi A, Nagasawa K. Expression profile of the zinc transporter ZnT3 in taste cells of rat circumvallate papillae and its role in zinc release, a potential mechanism for taste stimulation. Eur J Histochem 2022; 66. [DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2022.3534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element, and its deficiency causes taste dysfunction. Zinc accumulates in zinc transporter (ZnT)3-expressing presynaptic vesicles in hippocampal neurons and acts as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. However, the distribution of zinc and its role as a signal transmitter in taste buds remain unknown. Therefore, we examined the distribution of zinc and expression profiles of ZnT3 in taste cells and evaluated zinc release from isolated taste cells upon taste stimuli. Taste cells with a spindle or pyriform morphology were revealed by staining with the fluorescent zinc dye ZnAF-2DA and autometallography in the taste buds of rat circumvallate papillae. Znt3 mRNA levels were detected in isolated taste buds. ZnT3-immunoreactivity was found in phospholipase-β2-immunopositive type II taste cells and aromatic amino acid decarboxylase-immunopositive type III cells but not in nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2-immunopositive type I cells. Moreover, we examined zinc release from taste cells using human transient receptor potential A1-overexpressing HEK293 as zinc-sensor cells. These cells exhibited a clear response to isolated taste cells exposed to taste stimuli. However, pretreatment with magnesium-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, an extracellular zinc chelator - but not with zinc-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, used as a negative control - significantly decreased the response ratio of zinc-sensor cells. These findings suggest that taste cells release zinc to the intercellular area in response to taste stimuli and that zinc may affect signaling within taste buds.
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Goodspeed K, Liu JS, Nye KL, Prasad S, Sadhu C, Tavakkoli F, Bilder DA, Minassian BA, Bailey RM. SLC13A5 Deficiency Disorder: From Genetics to Gene Therapy. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091655. [PMID: 36140822 PMCID: PMC9498415 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epileptic encephalopathies may arise from single gene variants. In recent years, next-generation sequencing technologies have enabled an explosion of gene identification in monogenic epilepsies. One such example is the epileptic encephalopathy SLC13A5 deficiency disorder, which is caused by loss of function pathogenic variants to the gene SLC13A5 that results in deficiency of the sodium/citrate cotransporter. Patients typically experience seizure onset within the first week of life and have developmental delay and intellectual disability. Current antiseizure medications may reduce seizure frequency, yet more targeted treatments are needed to address the epileptic and non-epileptic features of SLC13A5 deficiency disorder. Gene therapy may offer hope to these patients and better clinical outcomes than current available treatments. Here, we discuss SLC13A5 genetics, natural history, available treatments, potential outcomes and assessments, and considerations for translational medical research for an AAV9-based gene replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Goodspeed
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Judy S. Liu
- Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | | | - Suyash Prasad
- Department of Research & Development, Taysha Gene Therapies, Dallas, TX 75247, USA
| | - Chanchal Sadhu
- Department of Research & Development, Taysha Gene Therapies, Dallas, TX 75247, USA
| | - Fatemeh Tavakkoli
- Department of Research & Development, Taysha Gene Therapies, Dallas, TX 75247, USA
| | - Deborah A. Bilder
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Berge A. Minassian
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rachel M. Bailey
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-214-648-8510
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Pochwat B, Misztak P, Masternak J, Bączyńska E, Bijata K, Roszkowska M, Bijata M, Włodarczyk J, Szafarz M, Wyska E, Muszyńska B, Krakowska A, Opoka W, Nowak G, Szewczyk B. Combined hyperforin and lanicemine treatment instead of ketamine or imipramine restores behavioral deficits induced by chronic restraint stress and dietary zinc restriction in mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:933364. [PMID: 36091748 PMCID: PMC9448861 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.933364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical studies show evidence that chronic stress or nutritional deficits in dietary zinc (Zn) intake may be risk factors for developing major depressive disorder (MDD). Furthermore, there may be possible links between low serum Zn levels and development of treatment-resistant depression. In the present work, we combined chronic restraint stress (CRS) and a low-zinc diet (ZnD) in mice and carried out a set of behavioral and biochemical studies. The mice were treated with four different antidepressant compounds, namely, ketamine, Ro 25–6981 (Ro), hyperforin and lanicemine (Hyp + Lan), and imipramine (IMI). We show that CRS or ZnD alone or a combination of CRS and ZnD (CRS + ZnD) induces anhedonia observed in the sucrose preference test (SPT). The behavioral effects of CRS were restored by ketamine or IMI. However, only Hyp + Lan restored the deficits in behavioral phenotype in mice subjected to CRS + ZnD. We also showed that the antidepressant-like effects observed in Hyp + Lan-treated CRS + ZnD mice were associated with changes in the morphology of the dendritic spines (restored physiological level) in the hippocampus (Hp). Finally, we studied the metabolism of ketamine and its brain absorption in CRS and CRS + ZnD mice. Our results suggest that CRS + ZnD does not alter the metabolism of ketamine to (2R,6R;2S,6S)-HNK; however, CRS + ZnD can induce altered bioavailability and distribution of ketamine in the Hp and frontal cortex (FC) in CRS + ZnD animals compared to the control and CRS groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Pochwat
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
- *Correspondence: Bartłomiej Pochwat, ; Bernadeta Szewczyk,
| | - Paulina Misztak
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Julia Masternak
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Ewa Bączyńska
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Krystian Bijata
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Matylda Roszkowska
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Monika Bijata
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Jakub Włodarczyk
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szafarz
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wyska
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bożena Muszyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Pharmacy Faculty, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Krakowska
- Department of Inorganic and Analitycal Chemistry, Pharmacy Faculty, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Opoka
- Department of Inorganic and Analitycal Chemistry, Pharmacy Faculty, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bernadeta Szewczyk
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
- *Correspondence: Bartłomiej Pochwat, ; Bernadeta Szewczyk,
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Synaptic Dysfunction by Mutations in GRIN2B: Influence of Triheteromeric NMDA Receptors on Gain-of-Function and Loss-of-Function Mutant Classification. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060789. [PMID: 35741674 PMCID: PMC9221112 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
GRIN2B mutations are rare but often associated with patients having severe neurodevelopmental disorders with varying range of symptoms such as intellectual disability, developmental delay and epilepsy. Patient symptoms likely arise from mutations disturbing the role that the encoded NMDA receptor subunit, GluN2B, plays at neuronal connections in the developing nervous system. In this study, we investigated the cell-autonomous effects of putative gain- (GoF) and loss-of-function (LoF) missense GRIN2B mutations on excitatory synapses onto CA1 pyramidal neurons in organotypic hippocampal slices. In the absence of both native GluN2A and GluN2B subunits, functional incorporation into synaptic NMDA receptors was attenuated for GoF mutants, or almost eliminated for LoF GluN2B mutants. NMDA-receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (NMDA-EPSCs) from synaptic GoF GluN1/2B receptors had prolonged decays consistent with their functional classification. Nonetheless, in the presence of native GluN2A, molecular replacement of native GluN2B with GoF and LoF GluN2B mutants all led to similar functional incorporation into synaptic receptors, more rapidly decaying NMDA-EPSCs and greater inhibition by TCN-201, a selective antagonist for GluN2A-containing NMDA receptors. Mechanistic insight was gained from experiments in HEK293T cells, which revealed that GluN2B GoF mutants slowed deactivation in diheteromeric GluN1/2B, but not triheteromeric GluN1/2A/2B receptors. We also show that a disease-associated missense mutation, which severely affects surface expression, causes opposing effects on NMDA-EPSC decay and charge transfer when introduced into GluN2A or GluN2B. Finally, we show that having a single null Grin2b allele has only a modest effect on NMDA-EPSC decay kinetics. Our results demonstrate that functional incorporation of GoF and LoF GluN2B mutants into synaptic receptors and the effects on EPSC decay times are highly dependent on the presence of triheteromeric GluN1/2A/2B NMDA receptors, thereby influencing the functional classification of NMDA receptor variants as GoF or LoF mutations. These findings highlight the complexity of interpreting effects of disease-causing NMDA receptor missense mutations in the context of neuronal function.
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Li J, Ho DJ, Henault M, Yang C, Neri M, Ge R, Renner S, Mansur L, Lindeman A, Kelly B, Tumkaya T, Ke X, Soler-Llavina G, Shanker G, Russ C, Hild M, Gubser Keller C, Jenkins JL, Worringer KA, Sigoillot FD, Ihry RJ. DRUG-seq Provides Unbiased Biological Activity Readouts for Neuroscience Drug Discovery. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:1401-1414. [PMID: 35508359 PMCID: PMC9207813 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Unbiased transcriptomic RNA-seq data has provided deep insights into biological processes. However, its impact in drug discovery has been narrow given high costs and low throughput. Proof-of-concept studies with Digital RNA with pertUrbation of Genes (DRUG)-seq demonstrated the potential to address this gap. We extended the DRUG-seq platform by subjecting it to rigorous testing and by adding an open-source analysis pipeline. The results demonstrate high reproducibility and ability to resolve the mechanism(s) of action for a diverse set of compounds. Furthermore, we demonstrate how this data can be incorporated into a drug discovery project aiming to develop therapeutics for schizophrenia using human stem cell-derived neurons. We identified both an on-target activation signature, induced by a set of chemically distinct positive allosteric modulators of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, and independent off-target effects. Overall, the protocol and open-source analysis pipeline are a step toward industrializing RNA-seq for high-complexity transcriptomics studies performed at a saturating scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marilisa Neri
- Chemical and Biological Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | | | - Steffen Renner
- Chemical and Biological Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Caroline Gubser Keller
- Chemical and Biological Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
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Hansen KB, Wollmuth LP, Bowie D, Furukawa H, Menniti FS, Sobolevsky AI, Swanson GT, Swanger SA, Greger IH, Nakagawa T, McBain CJ, Jayaraman V, Low CM, Dell'Acqua ML, Diamond JS, Camp CR, Perszyk RE, Yuan H, Traynelis SF. Structure, Function, and Pharmacology of Glutamate Receptor Ion Channels. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:298-487. [PMID: 34753794 PMCID: PMC8626789 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many physiologic effects of l-glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, are mediated via signaling by ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs). These ligand-gated ion channels are critical to brain function and are centrally implicated in numerous psychiatric and neurologic disorders. There are different classes of iGluRs with a variety of receptor subtypes in each class that play distinct roles in neuronal functions. The diversity in iGluR subtypes, with their unique functional properties and physiologic roles, has motivated a large number of studies. Our understanding of receptor subtypes has advanced considerably since the first iGluR subunit gene was cloned in 1989, and the research focus has expanded to encompass facets of biology that have been recently discovered and to exploit experimental paradigms made possible by technological advances. Here, we review insights from more than 3 decades of iGluR studies with an emphasis on the progress that has occurred in the past decade. We cover structure, function, pharmacology, roles in neurophysiology, and therapeutic implications for all classes of receptors assembled from the subunits encoded by the 18 ionotropic glutamate receptor genes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Glutamate receptors play important roles in virtually all aspects of brain function and are either involved in mediating some clinical features of neurological disease or represent a therapeutic target for treatment. Therefore, understanding the structure, function, and pharmacology of this class of receptors will advance our understanding of many aspects of brain function at molecular, cellular, and system levels and provide new opportunities to treat patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper B Hansen
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Lonnie P Wollmuth
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Derek Bowie
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Hiro Furukawa
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Frank S Menniti
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Alexander I Sobolevsky
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Geoffrey T Swanson
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Sharon A Swanger
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Ingo H Greger
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Terunaga Nakagawa
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Chris J McBain
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Vasanthi Jayaraman
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Chian-Ming Low
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Mark L Dell'Acqua
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Jeffrey S Diamond
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Chad R Camp
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Riley E Perszyk
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Hongjie Yuan
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Stephen F Traynelis
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
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12
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Zhang Y, Fang X, Ascota L, Li L, Guerra L, Vega A, Salinas A, Gonzalez A, Garza C, Tsin A, Hell JW, Ames JB. Zinc-chelating postsynaptic density-95 N-terminus impairs its palmitoyl modification. Protein Sci 2021; 30:2246-2257. [PMID: 34538002 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chemical synaptic transmission represents the most sophisticated dynamic process and is highly regulated with optimized neurotransmitter balance. Imbalanced transmitters can lead to transmission impairments, for example, intracellular zinc accumulation is a hallmark of degenerating neurons. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) is a primary postsynaptic membrane-associated protein and the major scaffolding component in the excitatory postsynaptic densities, which performs substantial functions in synaptic development and maturation. Its membrane association induced by palmitoylation contributes largely to its regulatory functions at postsynaptic sites. Unlike other structural domains in PSD-95, the N-terminal region (PSD-95NT) is flexible and interacts with various targets, which modulates its palmitoylation of two cysteines (C3/C5) and glutamate receptor distributions in postsynaptic densities. PSD-95NT contains a putative zinc-binding motif (C2H2) with undiscovered functions. This study is the first effort to investigate the interaction between Zn2+ and PSD-95NT. The NMR titration of 15 N-labeled PSD-95NT by ZnCl2 was performed and demonstrated Zn2+ binds to PSD-95NT with a binding affinity (Kd ) in the micromolar range. The zinc binding was confirmed by fluorescence and mutagenesis assays, indicating two cysteines and two histidines (H24, H28) are critical residues for the binding. These results suggested the concentration-dependent zinc binding is likely to influence PSD-95 palmitoylation since the binding site overlaps the palmitoylation sites, which was verified by the mimic PSD-95 palmitoyl modification and intact cell palmitoylation assays. This study reveals zinc as a novel modulator for PSD-95 postsynaptic membrane association by chelating its N-terminal region, indicative of its importance in postsynaptic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaoqian Fang
- Department of Molecular Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA
| | - Luis Ascota
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA
| | - Libo Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA.,Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Technology of College of Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Lili Guerra
- Department of Molecular Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA
| | - Audrey Vega
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA
| | - Amanda Salinas
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA
| | - Andrea Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA
| | - Claudia Garza
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew Tsin
- Department of Molecular Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA
| | - Johannes W Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - James B Ames
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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13
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Berríos-Cartagena N, Rubio-Dávila MM, Rivera-Delgado I, Feliciano-Bonilla MM, De Cardona-Juliá EA, Ortiz JG. Effects of Zinc, Mercury, or Lead on [ 3H]MK-801 and [ 3H]Fluorowillardiine Binding to Rat Synaptic Membranes. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:3159-3165. [PMID: 34370167 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03407-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate (Glu) is considered the most important excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter in the mammalian Central Nervous System. Zinc (Zn) is co-released with Glu during synaptic transmission and interacts with Glutamate receptors and transporters. We performed binding experiments using [3H]MK-801 (NMDA), and [3H]Fluorowillardine (AMPA) as ligands to study Zn-Glutamate interactions in rat cortical synaptic membranes. We also examined the effects of mercury and lead on NMDA or AMPA receptors. Zinc at 1 nM, significantly potentiates [3H]MK-801 binding. Lead inhibits [3H]MK-801 binding at micromolar concentrations. At millimolar concentrations, Hg also has a significant inhibitory effect. These effects are not reversed by Zn (1 nM). Zinc displaces the [3H]FW binding curve to the right. Lead (nM) and Hg (μM) inhibit [3H]FW binding. At certain concentrations, Zn reverses the effects of these metals on [3H]FW binding. These specific interactions serve to clarify the role of Zn, Hg, and Pb in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Berríos-Cartagena
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, P.O. Box 365067, San Juan, 00936-5067, Puerto Rico
| | - M M Rubio-Dávila
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, P.O. Box 365067, San Juan, 00936-5067, Puerto Rico
| | - I Rivera-Delgado
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, P.O. Box 365067, San Juan, 00936-5067, Puerto Rico
| | - M M Feliciano-Bonilla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, P.O. Box 365067, San Juan, 00936-5067, Puerto Rico
| | - E A De Cardona-Juliá
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, P.O. Box 365067, San Juan, 00936-5067, Puerto Rico
| | - J G Ortiz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, P.O. Box 365067, San Juan, 00936-5067, Puerto Rico.
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14
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Cochrane VA, Wu Y, Yang Z, ElSheikh A, Dunford J, Kievit P, Fortin DA, Shyng SL. Leptin modulates pancreatic β-cell membrane potential through Src kinase-mediated phosphorylation of NMDA receptors. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:17281-17297. [PMID: 33037073 PMCID: PMC7863909 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The adipocyte-derived hormone leptin increases trafficking of KATP and Kv2.1 channels to the pancreatic β-cell surface, resulting in membrane hyperpolarization and suppression of insulin secretion. We have previously shown that this effect of leptin is mediated by the NMDA subtype of glutamate receptors (NMDARs). It does so by potentiating NMDAR activity, thus enhancing Ca2+ influx and the ensuing downstream signaling events that drive channel trafficking to the cell surface. However, the molecular mechanism by which leptin potentiates NMDARs in β-cells remains unknown. Here, we report that leptin augments NMDAR function via Src kinase-mediated phosphorylation of the GluN2A subunit. Leptin-induced membrane hyperpolarization diminished upon pharmacological inhibition of GluN2A but not GluN2B, indicating involvement of GluN2A-containing NMDARs. GluN2A harbors tyrosine residues that, when phosphorylated by Src family kinases, potentiate NMDAR activity. We found that leptin increases phosphorylation of Tyr-418 in Src, an indicator of kinase activation. Pharmacological inhibition of Src or overexpression of a kinase-dead Src mutant prevented the effect of leptin, whereas a Src kinase activator peptide mimicked it. Using mutant GluN2A overexpression, we show that Tyr-1292 and Tyr-1387 but not Tyr-1325 are responsible for the effect of leptin. Importantly, β-cells from db/db mice, a type 2 diabetes mouse model lacking functional leptin receptors, or from obese diabetic human donors failed to respond to leptin but hyperpolarized in response to NMDA. Our study reveals a signaling pathway wherein leptin modulates NMDARs via Src to regulate β-cell excitability and suggests NMDARs as a potential target to overcome leptin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica A Cochrane
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Zhongying Yang
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Assmaa ElSheikh
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Jeremy Dunford
- Department of Integrated Physiology and Neuroscience, College of Arts and Sciences, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington, USA
| | - Paul Kievit
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Dale A Fortin
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Department of Integrated Physiology and Neuroscience, College of Arts and Sciences, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington, USA.
| | - Show-Ling Shyng
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
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15
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Vasefi M, Ghaboolian-Zare E, Abedelwahab H, Osu A. Environmental toxins and Alzheimer's disease progression. Neurochem Int 2020; 141:104852. [PMID: 33010393 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, which causes progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. Effective strategies to treat or prevent remains one of the most challenging undertakings in the medical field. AD is a complex and multifactorial disease that involves several risk factors. Aging and genetic factors both play important roles in the onset of the AD, however; certain environmental factors have been reported to increase the risk of AD. Chronic exposure to toxins has been seen as an environmental factor that may increase the risk of developing a neurodegenerative disease such as AD. Exposure to metals and biotoxins produced by bacteria, molds, and viruses may contribute to the cognitive decline and pathophysiology associated with AD. Toxins may contribute to the pathology of the disease through various mechanisms such as deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and tangles in the brain, induction of apoptosis, inflammation, or oxidative damage. Here, we will review how toxins affect brain physiology with a focus on mechanisms by which toxins may contribute to the development and progression of AD. A better understanding of these mechanisms may help contribute towards the development of an effective strategy to slow the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Vasefi
- Department Biology, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX, United States.
| | | | | | - Anthony Osu
- Department Biology, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX, United States
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16
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Henke C, Töllner K, van Dijk RM, Miljanovic N, Cordes T, Twele F, Bröer S, Ziesak V, Rohde M, Hauck SM, Vogel C, Welzel L, Schumann T, Willmes DM, Kurzbach A, El-Agroudy NN, Bornstein SR, Schneider SA, Jordan J, Potschka H, Metallo CM, Köhling R, Birkenfeld AL, Löscher W. Disruption of the sodium-dependent citrate transporter SLC13A5 in mice causes alterations in brain citrate levels and neuronal network excitability in the hippocampus. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 143:105018. [PMID: 32682952 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to tissues such as liver, the plasma membrane sodium-dependent citrate transporter, NaCT (SLC13A5), is highly expressed in brain neurons, but its function is not understood. Loss-of-function mutations in the human SLC13A5 gene have been associated with severe neonatal encephalopathy and pharmacoresistant seizures. The molecular mechanisms of these neurological alterations are not clear. We performed a detailed examination of a Slc13a5 deletion mouse model including video-EEG monitoring, behavioral tests, and electrophysiologic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses of brain and cerebrospinal fluid. The experiments revealed an increased propensity for epileptic seizures, proepileptogenic neuronal excitability changes in the hippocampus, and significant citrate alterations in the CSF and brain tissue of Slc13a5 deficient mice, which may underlie the neurological abnormalities. These data demonstrate that SLC13A5 is involved in brain citrate regulation and suggest that abnormalities in this regulation can induce seizures. The present study is the first to (i) establish the Slc13a5-knockout mouse model as a helpful tool to study the neuronal functions of NaCT and characterize the molecular mechanisms by which functional deficiency of this citrate transporter causes epilepsy and impairs neuronal function; (ii) evaluate all hypotheses that have previously been suggested on theoretical grounds to explain the neurological phenotype of SLC13A5 mutations; and (iii) indicate that alterations in brain citrate levels result in neuronal network excitability and increased seizure propensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Henke
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kathrin Töllner
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - R Maarten van Dijk
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Miljanovic
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Thekla Cordes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Friederike Twele
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sonja Bröer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Vanessa Ziesak
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Marco Rohde
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Vogel
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany
| | - Lisa Welzel
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Tina Schumann
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Diana M Willmes
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anica Kurzbach
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nermeen N El-Agroudy
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Jens Jordan
- Institute for Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR) and Chair for Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heidrun Potschka
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian M Metallo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rüdiger Köhling
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
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17
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Kupnicka P, Kojder K, Metryka E, Kapczuk P, Jeżewski D, Gutowska I, Goschorska M, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. Morphine-element interactions - The influence of selected chemical elements on neural pathways associated with addiction. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 60:126495. [PMID: 32179426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Addiction is a pressing social problem worldwide and opioid dependence can be considered the strongest and most difficult addiction to treat. Mesolimbic and mesocortical dopaminergic pathways play an important role in modulation of cognitive processes and decision making and, therefore, changes in dopamine metabolism are considered the central basis for the development of dependence. Disturbances caused by excesses or deficiency of certain elements have a significant impact on the functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) both in physiological conditions and in pathology and can affect the cerebral reward system and therefore, may modulate processes associated with the development of addiction. In this paper we review the mechanisms of interactions between morphine and zinc, manganese, chromium, cadmium, lead, fluoride, their impact on neural pathways associated with addiction, and on antinociception and morphine tolerance and dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Kupnicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Klaudyna Kojder
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Emilia Metryka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kapczuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Jeżewski
- Department of Applied Neurocognitive Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marta Goschorska
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
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18
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Jalali-Yazdi F, Chowdhury S, Yoshioka C, Gouaux E. Mechanisms for Zinc and Proton Inhibition of the GluN1/GluN2A NMDA Receptor. Cell 2019; 175:1520-1532.e15. [PMID: 30500536 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play essential roles in memory formation, neuronal plasticity, and brain development, with their dysfunction linked to a range of disorders from ischemia to schizophrenia. Zinc and pH are physiological allosteric modulators of NMDARs, with GluN2A-containing receptors inhibited by nanomolar concentrations of divalent zinc and by excursions to low pH. Despite the widespread importance of zinc and proton modulation of NMDARs, the molecular mechanism by which these ions modulate receptor activity has proven elusive. Here, we use cryoelectron microscopy to elucidate the structure of the GluN1/GluN2A NMDAR in a large ensemble of conformations under a range of physiologically relevant zinc and proton concentrations. We show how zinc binding to the amino terminal domain elicits structural changes that are transduced though the ligand-binding domain and result in constriction of the ion channel gate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Jalali-Yazdi
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Sandipan Chowdhury
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Craig Yoshioka
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Eric Gouaux
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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19
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Neely CLC, Lippi SLP, Lanzirotti A, Flinn JM. Localization of Free and Bound Metal Species through X-Ray Synchrotron Fluorescence Microscopy in the Rodent Brain and Their Relation to Behavior. Brain Sci 2019; 9:E74. [PMID: 30925761 PMCID: PMC6523809 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9040074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Biometals in the brain, such as zinc, copper, and iron, are often discussed in cases of neurological disorders; however, these metals also have important regulatory functions and mediate cell signaling and plasticity. With the use of synchrotron X-ray fluorescence, our lab localized total, both bound and free, levels of zinc, copper, and iron in a cross section of one hemisphere of a rat brain, which also showed differing metal distributions in different regions within the hippocampus, the site in the brain known to be crucial for certain types of memory. This review discusses the several roles of these metals in brain regions with an emphasis on hippocampal cell signaling, based on spatial mapping obtained from X-ray fluorescence microscopy. We also discuss the localization of these metals and emphasize different cell types and receptors in regions with metal accumulation, as well as the potential relationship between this physiology and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline L C Neely
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
| | - Stephen L P Lippi
- Department of Psychology & Sociology, Angelo State University, 2601 W. Avenue N, ASU Station #10907, San Angelo, TX 76909, USA.
| | - Antonio Lanzirotti
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
| | - Jane M Flinn
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
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20
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Esmenjaud JB, Stroebel D, Chan K, Grand T, David M, Wollmuth LP, Taly A, Paoletti P. An inter-dimer allosteric switch controls NMDA receptor activity. EMBO J 2018; 38:embj.201899894. [PMID: 30396997 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201899894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are glutamate-gated ion channels that are key mediators of excitatory neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity throughout the central nervous system. They form massive heterotetrameric complexes endowed with unique allosteric capacity provided by eight extracellular clamshell-like domains arranged as two superimposed layers. Despite an increasing number of full-length NMDAR structures, how these domains cooperate in an intact receptor to control its activity remains poorly understood. Here, combining single-molecule and macroscopic electrophysiological recordings, cysteine biochemistry, and in silico analysis, we identify a rolling motion at a yet unexplored interface between the two constitute dimers in the agonist-binding domain (ABD) layer as a key structural determinant in NMDAR activation and allosteric modulation. This rotation acts as a gating switch that tunes channel opening depending on the conformation of the membrane-distal N-terminal domain (NTD) layer. Remarkably, receptors locked in a rolled state display "super-activity" and resistance to NTD-mediated allosteric modulators. Our work unveils how NMDAR domains move in a concerted manner to transduce long-range conformational changes between layers and command receptor channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Esmenjaud
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - David Stroebel
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Kelvin Chan
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience & Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Departments of Neurobiology and Behavior & Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Teddy Grand
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Mélissa David
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Lonnie P Wollmuth
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience & Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Departments of Neurobiology and Behavior & Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Antoine Taly
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (IBPC), Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Paoletti
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
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21
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MacLean DM, Durham RJ, Jayaraman V. Mapping the Conformational Landscape of Glutamate Receptors Using Single Molecule FRET. Trends Neurosci 2018; 42:128-139. [PMID: 30385052 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The ionotropic glutamate receptors mediate excitatory neurotransmission in the mammalian central nervous system. These receptors provide a range of temporally diverse signals which stem from subunit composition and also from the inherent ability of each member to occupy multiple functional states, the distribution of which can be altered by small molecule modulators and binding partners. Hence it becomes essential to characterize the conformational landscape of the receptors under this variety of different conditions. This has recently become possible due to single molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements, along with the rich foundation of existing structures allowing for direct correlations between conformational and functional diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M MacLean
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Ryan J Durham
- Center for Membrane Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Biochemistry and Cell Biology Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vasanthi Jayaraman
- Center for Membrane Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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22
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Morris PG, Mishina M, Jones S. Altered Synaptic and Extrasynaptic NMDA Receptor Properties in Substantia Nigra Dopaminergic Neurons From Mice Lacking the GluN2D Subunit. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:354. [PMID: 30364232 PMCID: PMC6193106 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are ubiquitously expressed in the mammalian brain and are essential for neuronal development, survival and plasticity. GluN2 subunit composition has a profound effect on the properties of NMDARs. In substantia nigra dopaminergic (SNc-DA) neurons, pharmacological experiments suggest that the relatively rare GluN2D subunits form functional synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDARs. Given the importance of establishing this point, mice lacking the GluN2D subunit (Grin2D-null) were used in this study to further explore the contribution of the GluN2D subunit to NMDAR responses. Significantly less DQP-1105-sensitive NMDAR-EPSC and significantly more ifenprodil-sensitive NMDAR-EPSC was observed in SNc-DA neurons from Grin2D-null mice, indicating that in these animals a small population of synaptic GluN2D subunits is replaced with GluN2B. Significantly larger currents were seen in response to higher concentrations (1–10 mM) of NMDA in SNc-DA neurons from Grin2D-null mice, as well as significantly more desensitization: these data are consistent with the presence of GluN2D-containing whole-cell NMDARs in SNc-DA neurons, with low conductance and little desensitization. Brief applications of NMDA evoked responses that were significantly less sensitive to DQP-1105 in slices from Grin2D-null mice. Tonic NMDAR activity in response to ambient extracellular glutamate, determined by the sensitivity of tonic current to D-AP5 (50 μM), was significantly less in SNc-DA neurons from Grin2D-null mice. In the presence of the glutamate transporter blocker TBOA (30 μM), the D-AP5-sensitive current was also significantly less in Grin2D-null mice. Taken together, these data support the evidence for GluN2D subunit expression in functional NMDARs at both synaptic and extrasynaptic locations in SNc-DA neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Morris
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Masayoshi Mishina
- Brain Science Laboratory, The Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Susan Jones
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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23
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Hansen KB, Yi F, Perszyk RE, Furukawa H, Wollmuth LP, Gibb AJ, Traynelis SF. Structure, function, and allosteric modulation of NMDA receptors. J Gen Physiol 2018; 150:1081-1105. [PMID: 30037851 PMCID: PMC6080888 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201812032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hansen et al. review recent structural data that have provided insight into the function and allosteric modulation of NMDA receptors. NMDA-type glutamate receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate a Ca2+-permeable component of excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). They are expressed throughout the CNS and play key physiological roles in synaptic function, such as synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. NMDA receptors are also implicated in the pathophysiology of several CNS disorders and more recently have been identified as a locus for disease-associated genomic variation. NMDA receptors exist as a diverse array of subtypes formed by variation in assembly of seven subunits (GluN1, GluN2A-D, and GluN3A-B) into tetrameric receptor complexes. These NMDA receptor subtypes show unique structural features that account for their distinct functional and pharmacological properties allowing precise tuning of their physiological roles. Here, we review the relationship between NMDA receptor structure and function with an emphasis on emerging atomic resolution structures, which begin to explain unique features of this receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper B Hansen
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, MT
| | - Feng Yi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, MT
| | - Riley E Perszyk
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Hiro Furukawa
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
| | - Lonnie P Wollmuth
- Departments of Neurobiology & Behavior and Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Alasdair J Gibb
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen F Traynelis
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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24
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Iacobucci GJ, Popescu GK. Kinetic models for activation and modulation of NMDA receptor subtypes. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 2:114-122. [PMID: 29978141 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
NMDA receptors are a diverse family of excitatory channels with critical roles in central synaptic transmission, development, and plasticity. Controlled expression of seven subunits and their combinatorial assembly into tetrameric receptors produces a range of molecularly distinct receptor subtypes. Despite relatively similar atomic structures, each subtype has input-output functions with unique biophysical and pharmacologic profiles. Here, we briefly summarize recent advances in understanding how gating and allosteric modulation are similar or distinct across NMDA receptor isoforms and identify open questions that will focus research in this area going forward.
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25
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Intrauterine Zn Deficiency Favors Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone-Increasing Effects on Thyrotropin Serum Levels and Induces Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Weaned Rats. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101139. [PMID: 29057835 PMCID: PMC5691755 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals who consume a diet deficient in zinc (Zn-deficient) develop alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis function, i.e., a low metabolic rate and cold insensitivity. Although those disturbances are related to primary hypothyroidism, intrauterine or postnatal Zn-deficient adults have an increased thyrotropin (TSH) concentration, but unchanged thyroid hormone (TH) levels and decreased body weight. This does not support the view that the hypothyroidism develops due to a low Zn intake. In addition, intrauterine or postnatal Zn-deficiency in weaned and adult rats reduces the activity of pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase II (PPII) in the medial-basal hypothalamus (MBH). PPII is an enzyme that degrades thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). This hypothalamic peptide stimulates its receptor in adenohypophysis, thereby increasing TSH release. We analyzed whether earlier low TH is responsible for the high TSH levels reported in adults, or if TRH release is enhanced by Zn deficiency at weaning. Dams were fed a 2 ppm Zn-deficient diet in the period from one week prior to gestation and up to three weeks after delivery. We found a high release of hypothalamic TRH, which along with reduced MBH PPII activity, increased TSH levels in Zn-deficient pups independently of changes in TH concentration. We found that primary hypothyroidism did not develop in intrauterine Zn-deficient weaned rats and we confirmed that metal deficiency enhances TSH levels since early-life, favoring subclinical hypothyroidism development which remains into adulthood.
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26
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The structure-energy landscape of NMDA receptor gating. Nat Chem Biol 2017; 13:1232-1238. [PMID: 28991238 PMCID: PMC5698143 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are the main calcium-permeable excitatory receptors in the mammalian central nervous system. The NMDA receptor gating is complex, exhibiting multiple closed, open, and desensitized states; however, central questions regarding the conformations and energetics of the transmembrane domains as they relate to the gating states are still unanswered. Here, using single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET), we map the energy landscape of the first transmembrane segment of the Rattus norvegicus NMDA receptor under resting and various liganded conditions. These results show kinetically and structurally distinct changes associated with apo, agonist-bound, and inhibited receptors linked by a linear mechanism of gating at this site. Furthermore, the smFRET data suggest that allosteric inhibition by zinc occurs by an uncoupling of the agonist-induced changes at the extracellular domains from the gating motions leading to an apo-like state, while dizocilpine, a pore blocker, stabilizes multiple closely packed transmembrane states.
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27
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Iacobucci GJ, Popescu GK. NMDA receptors: linking physiological output to biophysical operation. Nat Rev Neurosci 2017; 18:236-249. [PMID: 28303017 DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2017.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
NMDA receptors are preeminent neurotransmitter-gated channels in the CNS, which respond to glutamate in a manner that integrates multiple external and internal cues. They belong to the ionotropic glutamate receptor family and fulfil unique and crucial roles in neuronal development and function. These roles depend on characteristic response kinetics, which reflect the operation of the receptors. Here, we review biologically salient features of the NMDA receptor signal and its mechanistic origins. Knowledge of distinctive NMDA receptor biophysical properties, their structural determinants and physiological roles is necessary to understand the physiological and neurotoxic actions of glutamate and to design effective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary J Iacobucci
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), 144 Farber Hall, 3435 Main street, Buffalo, New York 14214, USA
| | - Gabriela K Popescu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), 144 Farber Hall, 3435 Main street, Buffalo, New York 14214, USA
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28
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Plasma Membrane Na⁺-Coupled Citrate Transporter (SLC13A5) and Neonatal Epileptic Encephalopathy. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030378. [PMID: 28264506 PMCID: PMC6155422 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
SLC13A5 is a Na+-coupled transporter for citrate that is expressed in the plasma membrane of specific cell types in the liver, testis, and brain. It is an electrogenic transporter with a Na+:citrate3− stoichiometry of 4:1. In humans, the Michaelis constant for SLC13A5 to transport citrate is ~600 μM, which is physiologically relevant given that the normal concentration of citrate in plasma is in the range of 150–200 μM. Li+ stimulates the transport function of human SLC13A5 at concentrations that are in the therapeutic range in patients on lithium therapy. Human SLC13A5 differs from rodent Slc13a5 in two important aspects: the affinity of the human transporter for citrate is ~30-fold less than that of the rodent transporter, thus making human SLC13A5 a low-affinity/high-capacity transporter and the rodent Slc13a5 a high-affinity/low-capacity transporter. In the liver, SLC13A5 is expressed exclusively in the sinusoidal membrane of the hepatocytes, where it plays a role in the uptake of circulating citrate from the sinusoidal blood for metabolic use. In the testis, the transporter is expressed only in spermatozoa, which is also only in the mid piece where mitochondria are located; the likely function of the transporter in spermatozoa is to mediate the uptake of citrate present at high levels in the seminal fluid for subsequent metabolism in the sperm mitochondria to generate biological energy, thereby supporting sperm motility. In the brain, the transporter is expressed mostly in neurons. As astrocytes secrete citrate into extracellular medium, the potential function of SLC13A5 in neurons is to mediate the uptake of circulating citrate and astrocyte-released citrate for subsequent metabolism. Slc13a5-knockout mice have been generated; these mice do not have any overt phenotype but are resistant to experimentally induced metabolic syndrome. Recently however, loss-of-function mutations in human SLC13A5 have been found to cause severe epilepsy and encephalopathy early in life. Interestingly, there is no evidence of epilepsy or encephalopathy in Slc13a5-knockout mice, underlining the significant differences in clinical consequences of the loss of function of this transporter between humans and mice. The markedly different biochemical features of human SLC13A5 and mouse Slc13a5 likely contribute to these differences between humans and mice with regard to the metabolic consequences of the transporter deficiency. The exact molecular mechanisms by which the functional deficiency of the citrate transporter causes epilepsy and impairs neuronal development and function remain to be elucidated, but available literature implicate both dysfunction of GABA (γ-aminobutyrate) signaling and hyperfunction of NMDA (N-methyl-d-aspartate) receptor signaling. Plausible synaptic mechanisms linking loss-of-function mutations in SLC13A5 to epilepsy are discussed.
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29
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Zhou HX, Wollmuth LP. Advancing NMDA Receptor Physiology by Integrating Multiple Approaches. Trends Neurosci 2017; 40:129-137. [PMID: 28187950 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are ion channels activated by the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate and are essential to all aspects of brain function, including learning and memory formation. Missense mutations distributed throughout NMDAR subunits have been associated with an array of neurological disorders. Recent structural, functional, and computational studies have generated many insights into the activation process connecting glutamate binding to ion-channel opening, which is central to NMDAR physiology and pathophysiology. The field appears poised for breakthroughs, including the exciting prospect of resolving the conformations and energetics of elementary steps in the activation process, and atomic-level modeling of the effects of missense mutations on receptor function. The most promising strategy going forward is through strong integration of multiple approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Xiang Zhou
- Department of Physics and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Lonnie P Wollmuth
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, and Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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30
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Jafri AJA, Arfuzir NNN, Lambuk L, Iezhitsa I, Agarwal R, Agarwal P, Razali N, Krasilnikova A, Kharitonova M, Demidov V, Serebryansky E, Skalny A, Spasov A, Yusof APM, Ismail NM. Protective effect of magnesium acetyltaurate against NMDA-induced retinal damage involves restoration of minerals and trace elements homeostasis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 39:147-154. [PMID: 27908408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity involving N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors has been recognized as a final common outcome in pathological conditions involving death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Overstimulation of NMDA receptors results in influx of calcium (Ca) and sodium (Na) ions and efflux of potassium (K). NMDA receptors are blocked by magnesium (Mg). Such changes due to NMDA overstimulation are also associated with not only the altered levels of minerals but also that of trace elements and redox status. Both the decreased and elevated levels of trace elements such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) affect NMDA receptor excitability and redox status. Manganese (Mn), and selenium (Se) are also part of antioxidant defense mechanisms in retina. Additionally endogenous substances such as taurine also affect NMDA receptor activity and retinal redox status. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Mg acetyltaurate (MgAT) on the retinal mineral and trace element concentration, oxidative stress, retinal morphology and retinal cell apoptosis in rats after-NMDA exposure. One group of Sprague Dawley rats received intravitreal injection of vehicle while 4 other groups similarly received NMDA (160nmolL-1). Among the NMDA injected groups, 3 groups also received MgAT (320nmolL-1) as pre-treatment, co-treatment or post-treatment. Seven days after intravitreal injection, rats were sacrificed, eyes were enucleated and retinae were isolated for estimation of mineral (Ca, Na, K, Mg) and trace element (Mn, Cu, Fe, Se, Zn) concentration using Inductively Coupled Plasma (DRC ICP-MS) techniques (NexION 300D), retinal oxidative stress using Elisa, retinal morphology using H&E staining and retinal cell apoptosis using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL). Intravitreal NMDA injection resulted in increased concentration of Ca (4.6 times, p<0.0001), Mg (1.5 times, p<0.01), Na (3 times, p<0.0001) and K (2.3 times, p<0.0001) compared to vehicle injected group. This was accompanied with significant increase of Ca/Mg and Na/K ratios, 3 and 1.27 times respectively, compared to control group. The trace elements such as Cu, Fe and Zn also showed a significant increase amounting to 3.3 (p<0.001), 2.3 (p<0.0001) and 3 (p<0.0001) times respectively compared to control group. Se was increased by 60% (p<0.005). Pre-treatment with MgAT abolished effect of NMDA on minerals and trace elements more effectively than co- and post-treatment. Similar observations were made for retinal oxidative stress, retinal morphology and retinal cell apoptosis. In conclusion, current study demonstrated the protective effect of MgAT against NMDA-induced oxidative stress and retinal cell apoptosis. This effect of MgAT was associated with restoration of retinal concentrations of minerals and trace elements. Further studies are warranted to explore the precise molecular targets of MgAT. Nevertheless, MgAT seems a potential candidate in the management of diseases involving NMDA-induced excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azliana Jusnida Ahmad Jafri
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Natasha Najwa Nor Arfuzir
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lidawani Lambuk
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Igor Iezhitsa
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia; Volgograd State Medical University, Research Institute of Pharmacology, Volgograd, Russia.
| | - Renu Agarwal
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Puneet Agarwal
- International Medical University, IMU Clinical School, Seremban, Malaysia
| | - Norhafiza Razali
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Anna Krasilnikova
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maria Kharitonova
- Volgograd State Medical University, Research Institute of Pharmacology, Volgograd, Russia; Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80 - 82/III, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Vasily Demidov
- Russian Society of Trace Elements in Medicine, 46 Zemlyanoy Val str., Moscow, 105064, Russia
| | - Evgeny Serebryansky
- Russian Society of Trace Elements in Medicine, 46 Zemlyanoy Val str., Moscow, 105064, Russia
| | - Anatoly Skalny
- Russian Society of Trace Elements in Medicine, 46 Zemlyanoy Val str., Moscow, 105064, Russia; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia; All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Spasov
- Volgograd State Medical University, Research Institute of Pharmacology, Volgograd, Russia
| | - Ahmad Pauzi Md Yusof
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nafeeza Mohd Ismail
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
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31
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Hansen KB, Yi F, Perszyk RE, Menniti FS, Traynelis SF. NMDA Receptors in the Central Nervous System. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1677:1-80. [PMID: 28986865 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7321-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
NMDA-type glutamate receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate a major component of excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). They are widely distributed at all stages of development and are critically involved in normal brain functions, including neuronal development and synaptic plasticity. NMDA receptors are also implicated in the pathophysiology of numerous neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. For these reasons, NMDA receptors have been intensively studied in the past several decades to elucidate their physiological roles and to advance them as therapeutic targets. Seven NMDA receptor subunits exist that assemble into a diverse array of tetrameric receptor complexes, which are differently regulated, have distinct regional and developmental expression, and possess a wide range of functional and pharmacological properties. The diversity in subunit composition creates NMDA receptor subtypes with distinct physiological roles across neuronal cell types and brain regions, and enables precise tuning of synaptic transmission. Here, we will review the relationship between NMDA receptor structure and function, the diversity and significance of NMDA receptor subtypes in the CNS, as well as principles and rules by which NMDA receptors operate in the CNS under normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper B Hansen
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA. .,Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA.
| | - Feng Yi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Riley E Perszyk
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Frank S Menniti
- MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Stephen F Traynelis
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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32
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Sun Y, Zhan L, Cheng X, Zhang L, Hu J, Gao Z. The Regulation of GluN2A by Endogenous and Exogenous Regulators in the Central Nervous System. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:389-403. [PMID: 27255970 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0388-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The NMDA receptor is the most widely studied ionotropic glutamate receptor, and it is central to many physiological and pathophysiological processes in the central nervous system. GluN2A is one of the two main types of GluN2 NMDA receptor subunits in the forebrain. The proper activity of GluN2A is important to brain function, as the abnormal regulation of GluN2A may induce some neuropsychiatric disorders. This review will examine the regulation of GluN2A by endogenous and exogenous regulators in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua East Road 70, Shijiazhuang, 050018, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, People's Republic of China
| | - Liying Zhan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua East Road 70, Shijiazhuang, 050018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokun Cheng
- North China Pharmaceutical Group New Drug Research and Development Co., Ltd, Shijiazhuang, 050015, People's Republic of China
| | - Linan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Hu
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Zibin Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua East Road 70, Shijiazhuang, 050018, People's Republic of China. .,Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, Shijiazhuang, 050018, People's Republic of China.
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33
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Liang X, Dempski RE, Burdette SC. Zn(2+) at a cellular crossroads. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2016; 31:120-5. [PMID: 27010344 PMCID: PMC4870122 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is an essential micronutrient for cellular homeostasis. Initially proposed to only contribute to cellular viability through structural roles and non-redox catalysis, advances in quantifying changes in nM and pM quantities of Zn(2+) have elucidated increasing functions as an important signaling molecule. This includes Zn(2+)-mediated regulation of transcription factors and subsequent protein expression, storage and release of intracellular compartments of zinc quanta into the extracellular space which modulates plasma membrane protein function, as well as intracellular signaling pathways which contribute to the immune response. This review highlights some recent advances in our understanding of zinc signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Liang
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester, MA 01609-2280, United States
| | - Robert E Dempski
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester, MA 01609-2280, United States
| | - Shawn C Burdette
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester, MA 01609-2280, United States.
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Zhao S, Liu FF, Wu YM, Jiang YQ, Guo YX, Wang XL. Upregulation of spinal NMDA receptors mediates hydrogen sulfide-induced hyperalgesia. J Neurol Sci 2016; 363:176-81. [PMID: 27000247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous neurotransmitter that importantly regulates various physiological and pathological events including pain signal transduction. In this study, we investigated the role of spinal NMDA receptors in the nociception induced by intraplantar injection of NaHS, an H2S donor. Intraplantar injection of NaHS into hindpaw significantly decreased the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) in contralateral hindpaw. However, intraplantar formalin injection did not produce PWT in contralateral hindpaw. Intrathecal injection of methemoglobin, a H2S scavenger, abolished hyperalgesia induced by NaHS. In addition, NaHS-induced hyperalgesia was partly, but significantly, attenuated by intrathecal injection of hydroxylamine, a cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) inhibitor. RT-PCR and western blotting analysis revealed that NR2B mRNA and protein levels were increased in the spinal dorsal horn, but not in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in rats subjected to NaHS intraplantar injection. Collectively, these data suggest that peripheral injection of H2S donor causes hyperalgesia through increase in NR2B expression and production of H2S in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of HeBei Medical University, China
| | - Fei-Fei Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of HeBei Medical University, China
| | - Yu-Ming Wu
- Department of Physiology, HeBei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, HeBei 050017, China
| | - Yu-Qing Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of HeBei Medical University, China
| | - Yue-Xian Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of HeBei Medical University, China
| | - Xiu-Li Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of HeBei Medical University, China.
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35
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Wróbel A, Serefko A, Wlaź P, Poleszak E. The effect of imipramine, ketamine, and zinc in the mouse model of depression. Metab Brain Dis 2015; 30:1379-86. [PMID: 26155916 PMCID: PMC4642596 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-015-9709-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Relationship between the chronic and excessive exposure to glucocorticoids and the development of psychiatric disorders, including depression, has been described in the literature. We decided to investigate whether a combination of agents with antidepressant activity (i.e., imipramine, ketamine, and Zn(2+)) may influence/reverse the depressogenic effect of dexamethasone therapy. The antidepressant-like effect was assessed by the forced swim test in adult mice. The inhibitory activity of dexamethasone was dose-dependent: only the highest tested dose of the glucocorticoid (i.e., 64 μg/kg) given as a single injection increased immobility time, whereas 16 μg/kg/day of dexamethasone administered repeatedly (for 14 days) induced a significant alteration in animal behavior. Both the acute or sub-chronic administration of the active doses of imipramine (10 mg/kg), Zn(2+) (30 mg/kg), and ketamine (30 mg/kg), and the combinations of their per se inactive doses reversed the inhibitory activity of dexamethasone (16 μg/kg/day) administered for 14 consecutive days. Whereas a single injection of an inhibitory dose of dexamethasone (64 μg/kg) was not able to abolish the antidepressant effect of imipramine (5 mg/kg), Zn(2+) (10 mg/kg), and imipramine-Zn(2+) combination (2.5 and 5 mg/kg, respectively) given once a day for 14 consecutive days. Our findings indicate that the chronic dexamethasone injection procedure has some potential as an animal model of depression and they further support the theory of interplay between glutamatergic neurotransmission and the chronic or excessive exposition to glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Wróbel
- Second Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Serefko
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, PL 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Wlaź
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Poleszak
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, PL 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
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36
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Noh S, Lee SR, Jeong YJ, Ko KS, Rhee BD, Kim N, Han J. The direct modulatory activity of zinc toward ion channels. Integr Med Res 2015; 4:142-146. [PMID: 28664120 PMCID: PMC5481804 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The divalent zinc ion is a cation that plays an indispensable role as a structural constituent of numerous proteins, including enzymes and transcription factors. Recently, it has been suggested that zinc also plays a dynamic role in extracellular and intracellular signaling as well. Ion channels are pore-forming proteins that control the flow of specific ions across the membrane, which is important to maintain ion gradients. In this review, we outline the modulatory effect of zinc on the activities of several ion channels through direct binding of zinc into histidine, cysteine, aspartate, and glutamate moieties of channel proteins. The binding of zinc to ion channels results in the activation or inhibition of the channel due to conformational changes. These novel aspects of ion-channel activity modulation by zinc provide new insights into the physiological regulation of ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Noh
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Sung Ryul Lee
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Jeong
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Ko
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Byoung Doo Rhee
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Nari Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jin Han
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
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Sirrieh RE, MacLean DM, Jayaraman V. A conserved structural mechanism of NMDA receptor inhibition: A comparison of ifenprodil and zinc. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 146:173-81. [PMID: 26170175 PMCID: PMC4516779 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201511422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Zinc and ifenprodil induce similar conformational changes in the NMDA receptor, suggesting a conserved mechanism of inhibition independent of receptor subtype and the site at which the inhibitor binds. N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, one of the three main types of ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs), are involved in excitatory synaptic transmission, and their dysfunction is implicated in various neurological disorders. NMDA receptors, heterotetramers typically composed of GluN1 and GluN2 subunits, are the only members of the iGluR family that bind allosteric modulators at their amino-terminal domains (ATDs). We used luminescence resonance energy transfer to characterize the conformational changes the receptor undergoes upon binding ifenprodil, a synthetic compound that specifically inhibits activation of NMDA receptors containing GluN2B. We found that ifenprodil induced an overall closure of the GluN2B ATD without affecting conformation of the GluN1 ATD or the upper lobes of the ATDs, the same mechanism whereby zinc inhibits GluN2A. These data demonstrate that the conformational changes induced by zinc and ifenprodil represent a conserved mechanism of NMDA receptor inhibition. Additionally, we compared the structural mechanism of zinc inhibition of GluN1–GluN2A receptors to that of ifenprodil inhibition of GluN1–GluN2B. The similarities in the conformational changes induced by inhibitor binding suggest a conserved structural mechanism of inhibition independent of the binding site of the modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita E Sirrieh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Membrane Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - David M MacLean
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Membrane Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Vasanthi Jayaraman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Membrane Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030
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38
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Maki BA, Popescu GK. Extracellular Ca(2+) ions reduce NMDA receptor conductance and gating. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 144:379-92. [PMID: 25348411 PMCID: PMC4210427 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201411244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Brief intracellular Ca(2+) transients initiate signaling routines that direct cellular activities. Consequently, activation of Ca(2+)-permeable neurotransmitter-gated channels can both depolarize and initiate remodeling of the postsynaptic cell. In particular, the Ca(2+) transient produced by NMDA receptors is essential to normal synaptic physiology, drives the development and plasticity of excitatory central synapses, and also mediates glutamate excitotoxicity. The amplitude and time course of the Ca(2+) signal depends on the receptor's conductance and gating kinetics; these properties are themselves influenced both directly and indirectly by fluctuations in the extracellular Ca(2+) concentration. Here, we used electrophysiology and kinetic modeling to delineate the direct effects of extracellular Ca(2+) on recombinant GluN1/GluN2A receptor conductance and gating. We report that, in addition to decreasing unitary conductance, Ca(2+) also decreased channel open probability primarily by lengthening closed-channel periods. Using one-channel current recordings, we derive a kinetic model for GluN1/GluN2A receptors in physiological Ca(2+) concentrations that accurately describes macroscopic channel behaviors. This model represents a practical instrument to probe the mechanisms that control the Ca(2+) transients produced by NMDA receptors during both normal and aberrant synaptic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Maki
- Department of Biochemistry and Neuroscience Program, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214
| | - Gabriela K Popescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Neuroscience Program, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214 Department of Biochemistry and Neuroscience Program, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214
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Abstract
NMDA receptors mediate excitatory neurotransmission in brain and spinal cord and play a pivotal role in the neurological disease state of chronic pain, which is caused by central sensitization. Bupivacaine is the indicated local anesthetic in caudal, epidural, and spinal anesthesia and is widely used clinically to manage acute and chronic pain. In addition to blocking Na(+) channels, bupivacaine affects the activity of many other channels, including NMDA receptors. Importantly, bupivacaine inhibits NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, an area critically involved in central sensitization. We used recombinant NMDA receptors expressed in HEK293 cells and found that increasing concentrations of bupivacaine decreased channel open probability in GluN2 subunit- and pH-independent manner by increasing the mean duration of closures and decreasing the mean duration of openings. Using kinetic modeling of one-channel currents, we attributed the observed current decrease to two main mechanisms: a voltage-dependent "foot-in-the-door" pore block and an allosteric gating effect. Further, the inhibition was state-independent because it occurred to the same degree whether the drug was applied before or after glutamate stimulation and was mediated by extracellular and intracellular inhibitory sites, via hydrophilic and hydrophobic pathways. These results predict that clinical doses of bupivacaine would decrease the peak and accelerate the decay of synaptic NMDA receptor currents during normal synaptic transmission. These quantitative predictions inform possible applications of bupivacaine as preventative and therapeutic approaches in chronic pain.
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40
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Omotuyi OI, Ueda H. Molecular dynamics study-based mechanism of nefiracetam-induced NMDA receptor potentiation. Comput Biol Chem 2015; 55:14-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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41
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Marchetti C. Interaction of metal ions with neurotransmitter receptors and potential role in neurodiseases. Biometals 2014; 27:1097-113. [PMID: 25224737 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-014-9791-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that toxic metals play a role in diseases of unknown etiology. Their action is often mediated by membrane proteins, and in particular neurotransmitter receptors. This brief review will describe recent findings on the direct interaction of metal ions with ionotropic γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) and glutamate receptors, the main inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in the mammalian central nervous system, respectively. Both hyper and hypo function of these receptors are involved in neurological and psychotic syndromes and modulation by metal ions is an important pharmacological issue. The focus will be on three xenobiotic metals, lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) that have no biological function and whose presence in living organisms is only detrimental, and two trace metals, zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu), which are essential for several enzymatic functions, but can mediate toxic actions if deregulated. Despite limited access to the brain and tight control by metalloproteins, exogenous metals interfere with receptor performances by mimicking physiological ions and occupying one or more modulatory sites on the protein. These interactions will be discussed as a potential cause of neuronal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Marchetti
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via De Marini, 6, 16149, Genoa, Italy,
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42
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Aman TK, Maki BA, Ruffino TJ, Kasperek EM, Popescu GK. Separate intramolecular targets for protein kinase A control N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor gating and Ca2+ permeability. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:18805-17. [PMID: 24847051 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.537282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase A (PKA) enhances synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system by increasing NMDA receptor current amplitude and Ca(2+) flux in an isoform-dependent yet poorly understood manner. PKA phosphorylates multiple residues on GluN1, GluN2A, and GluN2B subunits in vivo, but the functional significance of this multiplicity is unknown. We examined gating and permeation properties of recombinant NMDA receptor isoforms and of receptors with altered C-terminal domain (CTDs) prior to and after pharmacological inhibition of PKA. We found that PKA inhibition decreased GluN1/GluN2B but not GluN1/GluN2A gating; this effect was due to slower rates for receptor activation and resensitization and was mediated exclusively by the GluN2B CTD. In contrast, PKA inhibition reduced NMDA receptor-relative Ca(2+) permeability (PCa/PNa) regardless of the GluN2 isoform and required the GluN1 CTD; this effect was due primarily to decreased unitary Ca(2+) conductance, because neither Na(+) conductance nor Ca(2+)-dependent block was altered substantially. Finally, we show that both the gating and permeation effects can be reproduced by changing the phosphorylation state of a single residue: GluN2B Ser-1166 and GluN1 Ser-897, respectively. We conclude that PKA effects on NMDA receptor gating and Ca(2+) permeability rely on distinct phosphorylation sites located on the CTD of GluN2B and GluN1 subunits. This separate control of NMDA receptor properties by PKA may account for the specific effects of PKA on plasticity during synaptic development and may lead to drugs targeted to alter NMDA receptor gating or Ca(2+) permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruce A Maki
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Neuroscience Program, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214
| | | | | | - Gabriela K Popescu
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Neuroscience Program, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214
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43
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Singla N, Dhawan DK. Influence of Zinc on Calcium-Dependent Signal Transduction Pathways During Aluminium-Induced Neurodegeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 50:613-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8643-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Emnett CM, Eisenman LN, Taylor AM, Izumi Y, Zorumski CF, Mennerick S. Indistinguishable synaptic pharmacodynamics of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channel blockers memantine and ketamine. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 84:935-47. [PMID: 24101301 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.089334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Memantine and ketamine, voltage- and activation-dependent channel blockers of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (NMDARs), have enjoyed a recent resurgence in clinical interest. Steady-state pharmacodynamic differences between these blockers have been reported, but it is unclear whether the compounds differentially affect dynamic physiologic signaling. In this study, we explored nonequilibrium conditions relevant to synaptic transmission in hippocampal networks in dissociated culture and hippocampal slices. Equimolar memantine and ketamine had indistinguishable effects on the following measures: steady-state NMDA currents, NMDAR excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) decay kinetics, progressive EPSC inhibition during repetitive stimulation, and extrasynaptic NMDAR inhibition. Therapeutic drug efficacy and tolerability of memantine have been attributed to fast kinetics and strong voltage dependence. However, pulse depolarization in drug presence revealed a surprisingly slow and similar time course of equilibration for the two compounds, although memantine produced a more prominent fast component (62% versus 48%) of re-equilibration. Simulations predicted that low gating efficacy underlies the slow voltage-dependent relief from block. This prediction was empirically supported by faster voltage-dependent blocker re-equilibration with several experimental manipulations of gating efficacy. Excitatory postsynaptic potential-like voltage commands produced drug differences only with large, prolonged depolarizations unlikely to be attained physiologically. In fact, we found no difference between drugs on measures of spontaneous network activity or acute effects on plasticity in hippocampal slices. Despite indistinguishable synaptic pharmacodynamics, ketamine provided significantly greater neuroprotection from damage induced by oxygen glucose deprivation, consistent with the idea that under extreme depolarizing conditions, the biophysical difference between drugs becomes detectable. We conclude that despite subtle differences in voltage dependence, during physiologic activity, blocker pharmacodynamics are largely indistinguishable and largely voltage independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Emnett
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience (C.M.E.), Washington University, and Departments of Psychiatry (C.M.E., A.M.T., Y.I., C.F.Z., S.M.), Neurology (L.N.E.), Anatomy and Neurobiology (C.F.Z., S.M.), and Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research (Y.I., C.F.Z., S.M.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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45
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Tao L, Zheng Y, Shen Z, Li Y, Tian X, Dou X, Qian J, Shen H. Psychological stress-induced lower serum zinc and zinc redistribution in rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 155:65-71. [PMID: 23975576 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9762-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In humans, long-term exposure to uncontrollable and unpredictable life stressors is a major precipitant in the development of depressive disorders. There are strong evidences that depression is accompanied by lower serum zinc. The aim of present study is to assess the effects of repeated psychological stress (PS) on the zinc metabolism in rat. The rats were divided into control group and PS group which were subdivided into three subgroups: 7-day group, 14-day group, and recovery group (ten rats in each subgroup). PS model was created by a communication box which contains room A and room B. Rats in room A were only exposed to the responses of rats which were randomly given electrical shock for 30 min in room B. PS was given to rats for 30 min every morning for 14 days. The serum corticosterone (CORT), zinc in serum and tissues, and zinc apparent absorption after PS exposure were investigated. The results showed that the serum CORT increased and serum zinc decreased after 7 and 14 days of PS treatment. The zinc concentration in the liver was increased by 14 days PS exposure, whereas its concentration in the hippocampus was decreased by 7 and 14 days of PS exposure. There were no significant changes in zinc concentration in the heart, spleen, kidney, duodenum, cortex, and cerebellum. A decrease in the zinc apparent absorption was observed in the 7- and 14-day PS groups. The increased serum CORT and liver zinc concentrations and decreased serum zinc and apparent absorption of zinc recovered to normal concentrations 7 days away from PS exposure. The results suggest that PS could induce lower serum zinc, which might be correlated with decreased zinc absorption in the small intestine and increased liver zinc accumulation after PS exposure. The consequent effects of decreased hippocampal and serum zinc and increased CORT concentration after PS exposure on stress-related diseases await further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Tao
- Department of Military Hygiene, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Sirrieh RE, MacLean DM, Jayaraman V. Amino-terminal domain tetramer organization and structural effects of zinc binding in the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:22555-64. [PMID: 23792960 PMCID: PMC3829342 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.482356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors mediate excitatory neurotransmission in the mammalian central nervous system. An important feature of these receptors is their capacity for allosteric regulation by small molecules, such as zinc, which bind to their amino-terminal domain (ATD). Zinc inhibition through high affinity binding to the ATD has been examined through functional studies; however, there is no direct measurement of associated conformational changes. We used luminescence resonance energy transfer to show that the ATDs undergo a cleft closure-like conformational change upon binding zinc, but no changes are observed in intersubunit distances. Furthermore, we find that the ATDs are more closely packed than the related AMPA receptors. These results suggest that the stability of the upper lobe contacts between ATDs allow for the efficient propagation of the cleft closure conformational change toward the ligand-binding domain and transmembrane segments, ultimately inhibiting the channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita E. Sirrieh
- From the Center for Membrane Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - David M. MacLean
- From the Center for Membrane Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Vasanthi Jayaraman
- From the Center for Membrane Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030
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47
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Yu H, Popescu GK. Inhibition of GluN2A-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors by 2-naphthoic acid. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 84:541-50. [PMID: 23873856 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.087189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors mediate excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system and play important roles in synaptic development and plasticity, but also mediate glutamate neurotoxicity. Recently, 2-naphthoic acid (NPA) and its derivatives have been identified as allosteric, noncompetitive NMDA receptor inhibitors. The selectivity of NPA derivatives among NMDA receptor subtypes was mapped structurally to the ligand-binding domain, and was proposed to be mediated by residues on the S1 segment. To delineate the kinetic mechanism by which NPA inhibits NMDA receptor activity, we examined its effects on the NMDA receptor gating reaction. Using whole-cell patch clamping on human embryonic kidney 293 cells expressing recombinant NMDA family of glutamate receptor subunits, GluN1/GluN2A, we found that NPA has a 50% inhibitory effect at 1.9 mM. Further, from one-channel current recordings, we found that 4 mM NPA caused a 62% decrease in open probability by decreasing mean open time 2.5-fold and by increasing mean closed time 2-fold. Kinetic modeling suggested that NPA binding stabilized NMDA receptor closed states and increased the energy barriers toward open states, causing NMDA receptors to dwell longer in pre-open states along the activation pathway. The reaction mechanisms we derived provide quantitative insight into the inhibitory mechanism of NPA and help anticipate its effects on GluN1/GluN2A receptors during both physiologic and pathologic activation modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yu
- Neuroscience Program (H.Y., G.K.P.) and Department of Biochemistry (G.K.P.), School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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48
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Old disease, new look? A first report of parkinsonism due to scurvy, and of refeeding-induced worsening of scurvy. PSYCHOSOMATICS 2013; 54:277-83. [PMID: 23473448 DOI: 10.1016/j.psym.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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49
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Maki BA, Aman TK, Amico-Ruvio SA, Kussius CL, Popescu GK. C-terminal domains of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor modulate unitary channel conductance and gating. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:36071-80. [PMID: 22948148 PMCID: PMC3476275 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.390013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
NMDA receptors (NRs) are glutamate-gated calcium-permeable channels that are essential for normal synaptic transmssion and contribute to neurodegeneration. Tetrameric proteins consist of two obligatory GluN1 (N1) and two GluN2 (N2) subunits, of which GluN2A (2A) and GluN2B (2B) are prevalent in adult brain. The intracellularly located C-terminal domains (CTDs) make a significant portion of mass of the receptors and are essential for plasticity and excitotoxicity, but their functions are incompletely defined. Recent evidence shows that truncation of the N2 CTD alters channel kinetics; however, the mechanism by which this occurs is unclear. Here we recorded activity from individual NRs lacking the CTDs of N1, 2A, or 2B and determined the gating mechanisms of these receptors. Receptors lacking the N1 CTDs had larger unitary conductance and faster deactivation kinetics, receptors lacking the 2A or 2B CTDs had longer openings and longer desensitized intervals, and the first 100 amino acids of the N2 CTD were essential for these changes. In addition, receptors lacking the CTDs of either 2A or 2B maintained isoform-specific kinetic differences and swapping CTDs between 2A and 2B had no effect on single-channel properties. Based on these results, we suggest that perturbations in the CTD can modify the NR-mediated signal in a subunit-dependent manner, in 2A these effects are most likely mediated by membrane-proximal residues, and the isoform-specific biophysical properties conferred by 2A and 2B are CTD-independent. The kinetic mechanisms we developed afford a quantitative approach to understanding how the intracellular domains of NR subunits can modulate the responses of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teresa K. Aman
- the Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214
| | - Stacy A. Amico-Ruvio
- the Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214
| | - Cassandra L. Kussius
- the Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214
| | - Gabriela K. Popescu
- From the Neuroscience Program and
- the Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214
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50
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Bhatt JM, Prakash A, Suryavanshi PS, Dravid SM. Effect of ifenprodil on GluN1/GluN2B N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor gating. Mol Pharmacol 2012; 83:9-21. [PMID: 23007555 DOI: 10.1124/mol.112.080952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ifenprodil is an allosteric inhibitor of GluN1/GluN2B N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Despite its widespread use as a prototype for drug development and a subtype-selective tool for physiologic experiments, its precise effect on GluN1/GluN2B gating is yet to be fully understood. Interestingly, recent crystallographic evidence identified that ifenprodil, unlike zinc, binds at the interface of the GluN1/GluN2B amino terminal domain dimer by an induced-fit mechanism. To delineate the effect of this unique binding on GluN1/GluN2B receptor gating, we recorded steady-state currents from cell-attached and outside-out patches. At pH 7.9 in cell-attached patches, ifenprodil increased the occupancy of the long-lived shut conformations, thereby reducing the open probability of the receptor with no change in the mean open time. In addition, ifenprodil selectively affected the area of shut time constants, but not the time constants themselves. Kinetic analyses suggested that ifenprodil prevents the transition of the receptor to an open state and increases its dwell time in an intrinsically occurring closed conformation or desensitized state. We found distinct differences in the action of ifenprodil at GluN1/GluN2B in comparison with previous studies on the effect of zinc on GluN1/GluN2A gating, which may arise due to their unique binding sites. Our data also uncover the potential pH-dependent action of ifenprodil on gating. At a low pH (pH 7.4), but not pH 7.9, ifenprodil reduces the mean open time of GluN1/GluN2B receptors, which may be responsible for its usefulness as a context-dependent inhibitor in conditions like ischemia and stroke, when the pH of the extracellular milieu becomes acidic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay M Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University, School of Medicine, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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