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Wang C, Fan M, Heo SJ, Adams SM, Li T, Liu Y, Li Q, Loebel C, Alisafaei F, Burdick JA, Lu XL, Birk DE, Mauck RL, Han L. Structure-Mechanics Principles and Mechanobiology of Fibrocartilage Pericellular Matrix: A Pivotal Role of Type V Collagen. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.26.600498. [PMID: 38979323 PMCID: PMC11230444 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.26.600498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The pericellular matrix (PCM) is the immediate microniche surrounding resident cells in various tissue types, regulating matrix turnover, cell-matrix cross-talk and disease initiation. This study elucidated the structure-mechanical properties and mechanobiological functions of the PCM in fibrocartilage, a family of connective tissues that sustain complex tensile and compressive loads in vivo. Studying the murine meniscus as the model tissue, we showed that fibrocartilage PCM contains thinner, random collagen fibrillar networks that entrap proteoglycans, a structure distinct from the densely packed, highly aligned collagen fibers in the bulk extracellular matrix (ECM). In comparison to the ECM, the PCM has a lower modulus and greater isotropy, but similar relative viscoelastic properties. In Col5a1 +/- menisci, the reduction of collagen V, a minor collagen localized in the PCM, resulted in aberrant fibril thickening with increased heterogeneity. Consequently, the PCM exhibited a reduced modulus, loss of isotropy and faster viscoelastic relaxation. This disrupted PCM contributes to perturbed mechanotransduction of resident meniscal cells, as illustrated by reduced intracellular calcium signaling, as well as upregulated biosynthesis of lysyl oxidase and tenascin C. When cultured in vitro, Col5a1 +/- meniscal cells synthesized a weakened nascent PCM, which had inferior properties towards protecting resident cells against applied tensile stretch. These findings underscore the PCM as a distinctive microstructure that governs fibrocartilage mechanobiology, and highlight the pivotal role of collagen V in PCM function. Targeting the PCM or its molecular constituents holds promise for enhancing not only meniscus regeneration and osteoarthritis intervention, but also addressing diseases across various fibrocartilaginous tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Mingyue Fan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Su-Jin Heo
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Sheila M Adams
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani School of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Thomas Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Yuchen Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Qing Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Claudia Loebel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Farid Alisafaei
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Jason A Burdick
- BioFrontiers Institute and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - X Lucas Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - David E Birk
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani School of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Robert L Mauck
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Lin Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
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2
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Driscoll MK, Welf ES, Weems A, Sapoznik E, Zhou F, Murali VS, García-Arcos JM, Roh-Johnson M, Piel M, Dean KM, Fiolka R, Danuser G. Proteolysis-free amoeboid migration of melanoma cells through crowded environments via bleb-driven worrying. Dev Cell 2024:S1534-5807(24)00342-3. [PMID: 38870943 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
In crowded microenvironments, migrating cells must find or make a path. Amoeboid cells are thought to find a path by deforming their bodies to squeeze through tight spaces. Yet, some amoeboid cells seem to maintain a near-spherical morphology as they move. To examine how they do so, we visualized amoeboid human melanoma cells in dense environments and found that they carve tunnels via bleb-driven degradation of extracellular matrix components without the need for proteolytic degradation. Interactions between adhesions and collagen at the cell front induce a signaling cascade that promotes bleb enlargement via branched actin polymerization. Large blebs abrade collagen, creating feedback between extracellular matrix structure, cell morphology, and polarization that enables both path generation and persistent movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan K Driscoll
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Erik S Welf
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Andrew Weems
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Etai Sapoznik
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Felix Zhou
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Vasanth S Murali
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | | | - Minna Roh-Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84113, USA
| | - Matthieu Piel
- Institut Curie, UMR144, CNRS, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Kevin M Dean
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Reto Fiolka
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Gaudenz Danuser
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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3
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Goren S, Ergaz B, Barak D, Sorkin R, Lesman A. Micro-tensile rheology of fibrous gels quantifies strain-dependent anisotropy. Acta Biomater 2024; 181:272-281. [PMID: 38685460 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Semiflexible fiber gels such as collagen and fibrin have unique nonlinear mechanical properties that play an important role in tissue morphogenesis, wound healing, and cancer metastasis. Optical tweezers microrheology has greatly contributed to the understanding of the mechanics of fibrous gels at the microscale, including its heterogeneity and anisotropy. However, the explicit relationship between micromechanical properties and gel deformation has been largely overlooked. We introduce a unique gel-stretching apparatus and employ it to study the relationship between microscale strain and stiffening in fibrin and collagen gels, focusing on the development of anisotropy in the gel. We find that gels stretched by as much as 15 % stiffen significantly both in parallel and perpendicular to the stretching axis, and that the parallel axis is 2-3 times stiffer than the transverse axis. We also measure the stiffening and anisotropy along bands of aligned fibers created by aggregates of cancer cells, and find similar effects as in gels stretched with the tensile apparatus. Our results illustrate that the extracellular microenvironment is highly sensitive to deformation, with implications for tissue homeostasis and pathology. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The inherent fibrous architecture of the extracellular matrix (ECM) gives rise to unique strain-stiffening mechanics. The micromechanics of fibrous networks has been studied extensively, but the deformations involved in its stiffening at the microscale were not quantified. Here we introduce an apparatus that enables measuring the deformations in the gel as it is being stretched while simultaneously using optical tweezers to measure its microscale anisotropic stiffness. We reveal that fibrin and collagen both stiffen dramatically already at ∼10 % deformation, accompanied by the emergence of significant, yet moderate anisotropy. We measure similar stiffening and anisotropy in the matrix remodeled by the tensile apparatus to those found between cancer cell aggregates. Our results emphasize that small strains are enough to introduce substantial stiffening and anisotropy. These have been shown to result in directional cell migration and enhanced force propagation, and possibly control processes like morphogenesis and cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahar Goren
- School of Chemistry, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; School of Mechanical Engineering, the Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Israel; Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Bar Ergaz
- School of Mechanical Engineering, the Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Israel; Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Daniel Barak
- School of Mechanical Engineering, the Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Raya Sorkin
- School of Chemistry, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel; Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
| | - Ayelet Lesman
- School of Mechanical Engineering, the Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Israel; Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
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4
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Burgess JK, Gosens R. Mechanotransduction and the extracellular matrix: Key drivers of lung pathologies and drug responsiveness. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116255. [PMID: 38705536 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The lung is a biomechanically active organ, with multiscale mechanical forces impacting the organ, tissue and cellular responses within this microenvironment. In chronic lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis and others, the structure of the lung is drastically altered impeding gas exchange. These changes are, in part, reflected in alterations in the composition, amount and organization of the extracellular matrix within the different lung compartments. The transmission of mechanical forces within lung tissue are broadcast by this complex mix of extracellular matrix components, in particular the collagens, elastin and proteoglycans and the crosslinking of these components. At both a macro and a micro level, the mechanical properties of the microenvironment have a key regulatory role in ascertaining cellular responses and the function of the lung. Cells adhere to, and receive signals from, the extracellular matrix through a number of different surface receptors and complexes which are important for mechanotransduction. This review summarizes the multiscale mechanics in the lung and how the mechanical environment changes in lung disease and aging. We then examine the role of mechanotransduction in driving cell signaling events in lung diseases and finish with a future perspective of the need to consider how such forces may impact pharmacological responsiveness in lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette K Burgess
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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5
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Suh K, Cho YK, Breinyn IB, Cohen DJ. E-cadherin biomaterials reprogram collective cell migration and cell cycling by forcing homeostatic conditions. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113743. [PMID: 38358889 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cells attach to the world through either cell-extracellular matrix adhesion or cell-cell adhesion, and traditional biomaterials imitate the matrix for integrin-based adhesion. However, materials incorporating cadherin proteins that mimic cell-cell adhesion offer an alternative to program cell behavior and integrate into living tissues. We investigated how cadherin substrates affect collective cell migration and cell cycling in epithelia. Our approach involved biomaterials with matrix proteins on one-half and E-cadherin proteins on the other, forming a "Janus" interface across which we grew a single sheet of cells. Tissue regions over the matrix side exhibited normal collective dynamics, but an abrupt behavior shift occurred across the Janus boundary onto the E-cadherin side, where cells attached to the substrate via E-cadherin adhesions, resulting in stalled migration and slowing of the cell cycle. E-cadherin surfaces disrupted long-range mechanical coordination and nearly doubled the length of the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, linked to the lack of integrin focal adhesions on the E-cadherin surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Suh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Youn Kyoung Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Isaac B Breinyn
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Daniel J Cohen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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6
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Chen Z, Ezzo M, Zondag B, Rakhshani F, Ma Y, Hinz B, Kumacheva E. Intrafibrillar Crosslinking Enables Decoupling of Mechanical Properties and Structure of a Composite Fibrous Hydrogel. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305964. [PMID: 37671420 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The fibrous network of an extracellular matrix (ECM) possesses mechanical properties that convey critical biological functions in cell mechanotransduction. Engineered fibrous hydrogels show promise in emulating key aspects of ECM structure and functions. However, varying hydrogel mechanics without changing its architecture remains a challenge. A composite fibrous hydrogel is developed to vary gel stiffness without affecting its structure by controlling intrafibrillar crosslinking. The hydrogel is formed from aldehyde-modified cellulose nanocrystals and gelatin methacryloyl that provide the capability of intrafibrillar photocrosslinking. By varying the degree of gelatin functionalization with methacryloyl groups and/or photoirradiation time, the hydrogel's elastic modulus is changed by more than an order of magnitude, while preserving the same fiber diameter and pore size. The hydrogel is used to seed primary mouse lung fibroblasts and test the role of ECM stiffness on fibroblast contraction and activation. Increasing hydrogel stiffness by stronger intrafibrillar crosslinking results in enhanced fibroblast activation and increased fibroblast contraction force, yet at a reduced contraction speed. The developed approach enables the fabrication of biomimetic hydrogels with decoupled structural and mechanical properties, facilitating studies of ECM mechanics on tissue development and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengkun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Maya Ezzo
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2, Canada
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Benjamen Zondag
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Faeze Rakhshani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Yingshan Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Boris Hinz
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2, Canada
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Eugenia Kumacheva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada
- The Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
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7
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Davidson CD, Midekssa FS, DePalma SJ, Kamen JL, Wang WY, Jayco DKP, Wieger ME, Baker BM. Mechanical Intercellular Communication via Matrix-Borne Cell Force Transmission During Vascular Network Formation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306210. [PMID: 37997199 PMCID: PMC10797481 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular communication is critical to the formation and homeostatic function of all tissues. Previous work has shown that cells can communicate mechanically via the transmission of cell-generated forces through their surrounding extracellular matrix, but this process is not well understood. Here, mechanically defined, synthetic electrospun fibrous matrices are utilized in conjunction with a microfabrication-based cell patterning approach to examine mechanical intercellular communication (MIC) between endothelial cells (ECs) during their assembly into interconnected multicellular networks. It is found that cell force-mediated matrix displacements in deformable fibrous matrices underly directional extension and migration of neighboring ECs toward each other prior to the formation of stable cell-cell connections enriched with vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin). A critical role is also identified for calcium signaling mediated by focal adhesion kinase and mechanosensitive ion channels in MIC that extends to multicellular assembly of 3D vessel-like networks when ECs are embedded within fibrin hydrogels. These results illustrate a role for cell-generated forces and ECM mechanical properties in multicellular assembly of capillary-like EC networks and motivates the design of biomaterials that promote MIC for vascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Firaol S. Midekssa
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Samuel J. DePalma
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Jordan L. Kamen
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - William Y. Wang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | | | - Megan E. Wieger
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Brendon M. Baker
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
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8
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Zhao Y, Zhong W. Recent Progress in Advanced Polyester Elastomers for Tissue Engineering and Bioelectronics. Molecules 2023; 28:8025. [PMID: 38138515 PMCID: PMC10745526 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyester elastomers are highly flexible and elastic materials that have demonstrated considerable potential in various biomedical applications including cardiac, vascular, neural, and bone tissue engineering and bioelectronics. Polyesters are desirable candidates for future commercial implants due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, tunable mechanical properties, and facile synthesis and fabrication methods. The incorporation of bioactive components further improves the therapeutic effects of polyester elastomers in biomedical applications. In this review, novel structural modification methods that contribute to outstanding mechanical behaviors of polyester elastomers are discussed. Recent advances in the application of polyester elastomers in tissue engineering and bioelectronics are outlined and analyzed. A prospective of the future research and development on polyester elastomers is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Zhao
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
| | - Wen Zhong
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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9
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Tervonen A, Korpela S, Nymark S, Hyttinen J, Ihalainen TO. The Effect of Substrate Stiffness on Elastic Force Transmission in the Epithelial Monolayers over Short Timescales. Cell Mol Bioeng 2023; 16:475-495. [PMID: 38099211 PMCID: PMC10716100 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-023-00772-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The importance of mechanical forces and microenvironment in guiding cellular behavior has been widely accepted. Together with the extracellular matrix (ECM), epithelial cells form a highly connected mechanical system subjected to various mechanical cues from their environment, such as ECM stiffness, and tensile and compressive forces. ECM stiffness has been linked to many pathologies, including tumor formation. However, our understanding of the effect of ECM stiffness and its heterogeneities on rapid force transduction in multicellular systems has not been fully addressed. Methods We used experimental and computational methods. Epithelial cells were cultured on elastic hydrogels with fluorescent nanoparticles. Single cells were moved by a micromanipulator, and epithelium and substrate deformation were recorded. We developed a computational model to replicate our experiments and quantify the force distribution in the epithelium. Our model further enabled simulations with local stiffness gradients. Results We found that substrate stiffness affects the force transduction and the cellular deformation following an external force. Also, our results indicate that the heterogeneities, e.g., gradients, in the stiffness can substantially influence the strain redistribution in the cell monolayers. Furthermore, we found that the cells' apico-basal elasticity provides a level of mechanical isolation between the apical cell-cell junctions and the basal focal adhesions. Conclusions Our simulation results show that increased ECM stiffness, e.g., due to a tumor, can mechanically isolate cells and modulate rapid mechanical signaling between cells over distances. Furthermore, the developed model has the potential to facilitate future studies on the interactions between epithelial monolayers and elastic substrates. Supplementary Information The online version of this article (10.1007/s12195-023-00772-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aapo Tervonen
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, University of Jyväskylä, Survontie 9 C, 40500 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sanna Korpela
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Soile Nymark
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Jari Hyttinen
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Teemu O. Ihalainen
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
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10
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Ergaz B, Goren S, Lesman A. Micropatterning the organization of multicellular structures in 3D biological hydrogels; insights into collective cellular mechanical interactions. Biofabrication 2023; 16:015012. [PMID: 37906963 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad0849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Control over the organization of cells at the microscale level within supporting biomaterials can push forward the construction of complex tissue architectures for tissue engineering applications and enable fundamental studies of how tissue structure relates to its function. While cells patterning on 2D substrates is a relatively established and available procedure, micropatterning cells in biomimetic 3D hydrogels has been more challenging, especially with micro-scale resolution, and currently relies on sophisticated tools and protocols. We present a robust and accessible 'peel-off' method to micropattern large arrays of individual cells or cell-clusters of precise sizes in biological 3D hydrogels, such as fibrin and collagen gels, with control over cell-cell separation distance and neighboring cells position. We further demonstrate partial control over cell position in thez-dimension by stacking two layers in varying distances between the layers. To demonstrate the potential of the micropatterning gel platform, we study the matrix-mediated mechanical interaction between array of cells that are accurately separated in defined distances. A collective process of intense cell-generated densified bands emerging in the gel between near neighbors was identified, along which cells preferentially migrate, a process relevant to tissue morphogenesis. The presented 3D gel micropatterning method can be used to reveal fundamental morphogenetic processes, and to reconstruct any tissue geometry with micrometer resolution in 3D biomimetic gel environments, leveraging the engineering of tissues in complex architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bar Ergaz
- School of Mechanical Engineering, The Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shahar Goren
- School of Chemistry, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Center for Chemistry and Physics of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ayelet Lesman
- School of Mechanical Engineering, The Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Center for Chemistry and Physics of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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11
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Nahum A, Koren Y, Ergaz B, Natan S, Miller G, Tamir Y, Goren S, Kolel A, Jagadeeshan S, Elkabets M, Lesman A, Zaritsky A. Inference of long-range cell-cell force transmission from ECM remodeling fluctuations. Commun Biol 2023; 6:811. [PMID: 37537232 PMCID: PMC10400639 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells sense, manipulate and respond to their mechanical microenvironment in a plethora of physiological processes, yet the understanding of how cells transmit, receive and interpret environmental cues to communicate with distant cells is severely limited due to lack of tools to quantitatively infer the complex tangle of dynamic cell-cell interactions in complicated environments. We present a computational method to systematically infer and quantify long-range cell-cell force transmission through the extracellular matrix (cell-ECM-cell communication) by correlating ECM remodeling fluctuations in between communicating cells and demonstrating that these fluctuations contain sufficient information to define unique signatures that robustly distinguish between different pairs of communicating cells. We demonstrate our method with finite element simulations and live 3D imaging of fibroblasts and cancer cells embedded in fibrin gels. While previous studies relied on the formation of a visible fibrous 'band' extending between cells to inform on mechanical communication, our method detected mechanical propagation even in cases where visible bands never formed. We revealed that while contractility is required, band formation is not necessary, for cell-ECM-cell communication, and that mechanical signals propagate from one cell to another even upon massive reduction in their contractility. Our method sets the stage to measure the fundamental aspects of intercellular long-range mechanical communication in physiological contexts and may provide a new functional readout for high content 3D image-based screening. The ability to infer cell-ECM-cell communication using standard confocal microscopy holds the promise for wide use and democratizing the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Nahum
- Department of Software and Information Systems Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Yoni Koren
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Bar Ergaz
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Sari Natan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Gad Miller
- Department of Software and Information Systems Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Yuval Tamir
- Department of Software and Information Systems Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Shahar Goren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Avraham Kolel
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Sankar Jagadeeshan
- The Shraga Segal Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Moshe Elkabets
- The Shraga Segal Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Ayelet Lesman
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel.
- Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Assaf Zaritsky
- Department of Software and Information Systems Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel.
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12
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Zhu Y, Zhang M, Sun Q, Wang X, Li X, Li Q. Advanced Mechanical Testing Technologies at the Cellular Level: The Mechanisms and Application in Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3255. [PMID: 37571149 PMCID: PMC10422338 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanics, as a key physical factor which affects cell function and tissue regeneration, is attracting the attention of researchers in the fields of biomaterials, biomechanics, and tissue engineering. The macroscopic mechanical properties of tissue engineering scaffolds have been studied and optimized based on different applications. However, the mechanical properties of the overall scaffold materials are not enough to reveal the mechanical mechanism of the cell-matrix interaction. Hence, the mechanical detection of cell mechanics and cellular-scale microenvironments has become crucial for unraveling the mechanisms which underly cell activities and which are affected by physical factors. This review mainly focuses on the advanced technologies and applications of cell-scale mechanical detection. It summarizes the techniques used in micromechanical performance analysis, including atomic force microscope (AFM), optical tweezer (OT), magnetic tweezer (MT), and traction force microscope (TFM), and analyzes their testing mechanisms. In addition, the application of mechanical testing techniques to cell mechanics and tissue engineering scaffolds, such as hydrogels and porous scaffolds, is summarized and discussed. Finally, it highlights the challenges and prospects of this field. This review is believed to provide valuable insights into micromechanics in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxuan Zhu
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qingqing Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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13
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Suh K, Cho YK, Breinyn IB, Cohen DJ. E-cadherin biointerfaces reprogram collective cell migration and cell cycling by forcing homeostatic conditions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.25.550505. [PMID: 37546933 PMCID: PMC10402016 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.25.550505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Cells attach to the world around them in two ways-cell:extracellular-matrix adhesion and cell:cell adhesion-and conventional biomaterials are made to resemble the matrix to encourage integrin-based cell adhesion. However, interest is growing for cell-mimetic interfaces that mimic cell-cell interactions using cadherin proteins, as this offers a new way to program cell behavior and design synthetic implants and objects that can integrate directly into living tissues. Here, we explore how these cadherin-based materials affect collective cell behaviors, focusing specifically on collective migration and cell cycle regulation in cm-scale epithelia. We built culture substrates where half of the culture area was functionalized with matrix proteins and the contiguous half was functionalized with E-cadherin proteins, and we grew large epithelia across this 'Janus' interface. Parts of the tissues in contact with the matrix side of the Janus interface exhibited normal collective dynamics, but an abrupt shift in behaviors happened immediately across the Janus boundary onto the E-cadherin side, where cells formed hybrid E-cadherin junctions with the substrate, migration effectively froze in place, and cell-cycling significantly decreased. E-cadherin materials suppressed long-range mechanical correlations in the tissue and mechanical information reflected off the substrate interface. These effects could not be explained by conventional density, shape index, or contact inhibition explanations. E-cadherin surfaces nearly doubled the length of the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, which we ultimately connected to the exclusion of matrix focal adhesions induced by the E-cadherin culture surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Suh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA, 08544
| | - Youn Kyoung Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA, 08544
| | - Isaac B Breinyn
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA, 08544
| | - Daniel J Cohen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA, 08544
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14
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Timin G, Milinkovitch MC. High-resolution confocal and light-sheet imaging of collagen 3D network architecture in very large samples. iScience 2023; 26:106452. [PMID: 37020961 PMCID: PMC10067766 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although notoriously difficult, imaging collagen network architecture, a key element affecting tissue mechanical properties, is of paramount importance in developmental and cancer biology. Here, we introduce a simple and robust method of whole-mount collagen staining with the 'Fast Green' dye that provides unmatched visualization of collagen 3D network architecture, via confocal or light-sheet microscopy, compatible with solvent-based tissue clearing and immunostaining.
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15
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Sharick JT, Atieh AJ, Gooch KJ, Leight JL. Click chemistry functionalization of self-assembling peptide hydrogels. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:389-403. [PMID: 36210776 PMCID: PMC10092743 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembling peptide (SAP) hydrogels provide a fibrous microenvironment to cells while also giving users control of biochemical and mechanical cues. Previously, biochemical cues were introduced by physically mixing them with SAPs prior to hydrogel assembly, or by incorporating them into the SAP sequence during peptide synthesis, which limited flexibility and increased costs. To circumvent these limitations, we developed "Click SAPs," a novel formulation that can be easily functionalized via click chemistry thiol-ene reaction. Due to its high cytocompatibility, the thiol-ene click reaction is currently used to crosslink and functionalize other types of polymeric hydrogels. In this study, we developed a click chemistry compatible SAP platform by addition of a modified lysine (lysine-alloc) to the SAP sequence, enabling effective coupling of thiol-containing molecules to the SAP hydrogel network. We demonstrate the flexibility of this approach by incorporating a fluorescent dye, a cellular adhesion peptide, and a matrix metalloproteinase-sensitive biosensor using the thiol-ene reaction in 3D Click SAPs. Using atomic force microscopy, we demonstrate that Click SAPs retain the ability to self-assemble into fibers, similar to previous systems. Additionally, a range of physiologically relevant stiffnesses can be achieved by adjusting SAP concentration. Encapsulated cells maintain high viability in Click SAPs and can interact with adhesion peptides and a matrix metalloproteinase biosensor, demonstrating that incorporated molecules retain their biological activity. The Click SAP platform supports easier functionalization with a wider array of bioactive molecules and enables new investigations with temporal and spatial control of the cellular microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe T Sharick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Center for Cancer Engineering, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Angelina J Atieh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Center for Cancer Engineering, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Keith J Gooch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jennifer L Leight
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Center for Cancer Engineering, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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16
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Goren S, Levin M, Brand G, Lesman A, Sorkin R. Probing Local Force Propagation in Tensed Fibrous Gels. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2202573. [PMID: 36433830 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fibrous hydrogels are a key component of soft animal tissues. They support cellular functions and facilitate efficient mechanical communication between cells. Due to their nonlinear mechanical properties, fibrous materials display non-trivial force propagation at the microscale, that is enhanced compared to that of linear-elastic materials. In the body, tissues are constantly subjected to external loads that tense or compress them, modifying their micro-mechanical properties into an anisotropic state. However, it is unknown how force propagation is modified by this isotropic-to-anisotropic transition. Here, force propagation in tensed fibrin hydrogels is directly measured. Local perturbations are induced by oscillating microspheres using optical tweezers. 1-point and 2-point microrheology are combined to simultaneously measure the shear modulus and force propagation. A mathematical framework to quantify anisotropic force propagation trends is suggested. Results show that force propagation becomes anisotropic in tensed gels, with, surprisingly, stronger response to perturbations perpendicular to the axis of tension. Importantly, external tension can also increase the range of force transmission. Possible implications and future directions for research are discussed. These results suggest a mechanism for favored directions of mechanical communication between cells in a tissue under external loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahar Goren
- School of Chemistry, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- School of Mechanical Engineering, The Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Center for Light-Matter Interactions, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Maayan Levin
- School of Chemistry, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Guy Brand
- School of Chemistry, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Ayelet Lesman
- School of Mechanical Engineering, The Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Raya Sorkin
- School of Chemistry, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Center for Light-Matter Interactions, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
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17
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Ouyang M, Zhu Y, Wang J, Zhang Q, Hu Y, Bu B, Guo J, Deng L. Mechanical communication-associated cell directional migration and branching connections mediated by calcium channels, integrin β1, and N-cadherin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:942058. [PMID: 36051439 PMCID: PMC9424768 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.942058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell–cell mechanical communications at a large spatial scale (above hundreds of micrometers) have been increasingly recognized in recent decade, which shows importance in tissue-level assembly and morphodynamics. The involved mechanosensing mechanism and resulted physiological functions are still to be fully understood. Recent work showed that traction force sensation in the matrix induces cell communications for self-assembly. Here, based on the experimental model of cell directional migration on Matrigel hydrogel, containing 0.5 mg/ml type I collagen, we studied the mechano-responsive pathways for cell distant communications. Airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells assembled network structure on the hydrogel, whereas stayed isolated individually when cultured on glass without force transmission. Cell directional migration, or network assembly was significantly attenuated by inhibited actomyosin activity, or inhibition of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) calcium channel or SERCA pump on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, or L-type calcium channel on the plasma membrane. Inhibition of integrin β1 with siRNA knockdown reduced cell directional migration and branching assembly, whereas inhibition of cell junctional N-cadherin with siRNA had little effect on distant attractions but blocked branching assembly. Our work demonstrated that the endoplasmic reticulum calcium channels and integrin are mechanosensing signals for cell mechanical communications regulated by actomyosin activity, while N-cadherin is responsible for traction force-induced cell stable connections in the assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Linhong Deng
- *Correspondence: Mingxing Ouyang, ; Linhong Deng,
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18
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Ayama-Canden S, Tondo R, Piñeros L, Ninane N, Demazy C, Dieu M, Fattaccioli A, Tabarrant T, Lucas S, Bonifazi D, Michiels C. IGDQ motogenic peptide gradient induces directional cell migration through integrin (αv)β3 activation in MDA-MB-231 metastatic breast cancer cells. Neoplasia 2022; 31:100816. [PMID: 35763908 PMCID: PMC9241093 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of breast cancer metastasis study, we have shown in an in vitro model of cell migration that IGDQ-exposing (IsoLeu-Gly-Asp-Glutamine type I Fibronectin motif) monolayers (SAMs) on gold sustain the adhesion of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells by triggering Focal Adhesion Kinase and integrin activation. Such tunable scaffolds are used to mimic the tumor extracellular environment, inducing and controlling cell migration. The observed migratory behavior induced by the IGDQ-bearing peptide gradient along the surface allows to separate cell subpopulations with a "stationary" or "migratory" phenotype. In this work, we knocked down the integrins α5(β1) and (αv)β since they are already known to be implicated in cell migration. To this aim, a whole proteomic analysis was performed in beta 3 integrin (ITGB3) or alpha 5 integrin (ITGA5) knock-down MDA-MB-231 cells, in order to highlight the pathways implied in the integrin-dependent cell migration. Our results showed that i) ITGB3 depletion influenced ITGA5 mRNA expression, ii) ITGB3 and ITGA5 were both necessary for IGDQ-mediated directional single cell migration and iii) integrin (αv)β3 was activated by IGDQ fibronectin type I motif. Finally, the proteomic analysis suggested that co-regulation of recycling transport of ITGB3 by ITGA5 is potentially necessary for directional IGDQ-mediated cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Ayama-Canden
- URBC - NARILIS, University of Namur, rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Rodolfo Tondo
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Main Building, CF10 3AT, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Liliana Piñeros
- URBC - NARILIS, University of Namur, rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Noëlle Ninane
- URBC - NARILIS, University of Namur, rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Catherine Demazy
- URBC - NARILIS, University of Namur, rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Marc Dieu
- MaSUN, Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Namur, 61, rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Antoine Fattaccioli
- URBC - NARILIS, University of Namur, rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Tijani Tabarrant
- LARN - NARILIS, University of Namur, rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Lucas
- LARN - NARILIS, University of Namur, rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Main Building, CF10 3AT, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom; Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Carine Michiels
- URBC - NARILIS, University of Namur, rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
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19
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Kim S, Lee H, Kim JA, Park TH. Prevention of collagen hydrogel contraction using polydopamine-coating and alginate outer shell increases cell contractile force. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 136:212780. [PMID: 35929298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Collagen is the most abundant protein in the extracellular matrix of mammals and has a great effect on various cell behaviors including adhesion, differentiation, and migration. However, it is difficult to utilize collagen gel as a physical scaffold in vitro because of its severe contraction. Decrease in the overall hydrogel volume induces changes in cell distribution, and mass transfer within the gel. Uncontrolled mechanical and physiological factors in the fibrous matrix result in uncontrolled cell behaviors in the surrounding cells. In this study, two strategies were used to minimize the contraction of collagen gel. A disk-shaped frame made of polydopamine-coated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) prevented horizontal contraction at the edge of the hydrogel. The sequentially cross-linked collagen gel with alginate outer shell (CA-shell) structure inhibited the vertical gel contraction. The combined method synergistically prevented the hydrogel from shrinkage in long-term 3D cell culture. We observed the shift in balance of differentiation from adipogenesis to osteogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells under the environment where gel contraction was prevented, and confirmed that this phenomenon is closely associated with the mechanotransduction based on Yes-associated protein (YAP) localization. Development of this contraction inhibition platform made it possible to investigate the influence of regulation of cellular microenvironments. The physical properties of the hydrogel fabricated in this study were similar to that of pure collagen gel but completely changed the cell behavior within the gel by inhibition of gel contraction. The platform can be used to broaden our understanding of the fundamental mechanism underlying cell-matrix interactions and reproduce extracellular matrix in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulha Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Haein Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Ah Kim
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; BioMAX/N-Bio Institute, Institute of BioEngineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Kong MS, Koh WG, Lee HJ. Controlled Release of Epidermal Growth Factor from Furfuryl-Gelatin Hydrogel Using in Situ Visible Light-Induced Crosslinking and Its Effects on Fibroblasts Proliferation and Migration. Gels 2022; 8:gels8040214. [PMID: 35448115 PMCID: PMC9032874 DOI: 10.3390/gels8040214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are widely used in tissue engineering as materials that regulate cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. They also act as promising biomaterials that can provide a variety of stimuli by influencing the surrounding microenvironment, which can be achieved by modulating their mechanical properties, thereby aiding soluble factor delivery. Here, we developed a gelatin-based injectable hydrogel that has controllable mechanical properties and demonstrates sustained drug release without the need for invasive surgery. Gelatin was modified with furfuryl groups, and riboflavin phosphate was used as a photoinitiator to crosslink the hydrogel using visible light. A hydrogel–with a storage modulus in the range of 0.2–15 kPa was formed by maintaining the concentration of furfuryl-gelatin within 10–30% w/v. Consequently, their mechanical properties can be tailored for their applications. The furfuryl-gelatin hydrogel was loaded with maleimide-modified epidermal growth factor (EGF) as a model drug to achieve a controlled-release system. The sustained release of maleimide-EGF due to gelatin hydrogel matrix degradation was observed. Cell proliferation and scratch assays were performed to verify its effect on fibroblasts. When EGF was physically entrapped in the hydrogel matrix, the released EGF considerably affected cell proliferation and scratch closure of fibroblasts at the beginning of the culture. By contrast, maleimide-EGF was released sustainably and steadily and affected cell proliferation and scratch closure after the initial stage. We demonstrated that the release of soluble factors could be controlled by modulating the mechanical properties. Thus, the injectable hydrogel formed by in situ visible light-induced crosslinking could be a promising biomaterial for tissue engineering and biomedical therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sun Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea;
| | - Won-Gun Koh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: (W.-G.K.); (H.J.L.)
| | - Hyun Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea;
- Correspondence: (W.-G.K.); (H.J.L.)
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21
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Haller SJ, Dudley AT. Extracellular mechanotransduction. J Gen Physiol 2022; 154:213008. [PMID: 35171207 PMCID: PMC8855477 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202113026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We highlight the force-sensing function of extracellular matrix and present a complementary mechanotransduction paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Haller
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Andrew T Dudley
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
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22
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Nho RS, Ballinger MN, Rojas MM, Ghadiali SN, Horowitz JC. Biomechanical Force and Cellular Stiffness in Lung Fibrosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:750-761. [PMID: 35183510 PMCID: PMC9088200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Lung fibrosis is characterized by the continuous accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins produced by apoptosis-resistant (myo)fibroblasts. Lung epithelial injury promotes the recruitment and activation of fibroblasts, which are necessary for tissue repair and restoration of homeostasis. However, under pathologic conditions, a vicious cycle generated by profibrotic growth factors/cytokines, multicellular interactions, and matrix-associated signaling propagates the wound repair response and promotes lung fibrosis characterized not only by increased quantities of ECM proteins but also by changes in the biomechanical properties of the matrix. Importantly, changes in the biochemical and biomechanical properties of the matrix itself can serve to perpetuate fibroblast activity and propagate fibrosis, even in the absence of the initial stimulus of injury. The development of novel experimental models and methods increasingly facilitates our ability to interrogate fibrotic processes at the cellular and molecular levels. The goal of this review is to discuss the impact of ECM conditions in the development of lung fibrosis and to introduce new approaches to more accurately model the in vivo fibrotic microenvironment. This article highlights the pathologic roles of ECM in terms of mechanical force and the cellular interactions while reviewing in vitro and ex vivo models of lung fibrosis. The improved understanding of the fundamental mechanisms that contribute to lung fibrosis holds promise for identification of new therapeutic targets and improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Nho
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
| | - Megan N Ballinger
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mauricio M Rojas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Samir N Ghadiali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey C Horowitz
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
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23
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Koorman T, Jansen KA, Khalil A, Haughton PD, Visser D, Rätze MAK, Haakma WE, Sakalauskaitè G, van Diest PJ, de Rooij J, Derksen PWB. Spatial collagen stiffening promotes collective breast cancer cell invasion by reinforcing extracellular matrix alignment. Oncogene 2022; 41:2458-2469. [PMID: 35292774 PMCID: PMC9033577 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02258-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The tumor micro-environment often contains stiff and irregular-bundled collagen fibers that are used by tumor cells to disseminate. It is still unclear how and to what extent, extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness versus ECM bundle size and alignment dictate cancer cell invasion. Here, we have uncoupled Collagen-I bundling from stiffness by introducing inter-collagen crosslinks, combined with temperature induced aggregation of collagen bundling. Using organotypic models from mouse invasive ductal and invasive lobular breast cancers, we show that increased collagen bundling in 3D induces a generic increase in breast cancer invasion that is independent of migration mode. However, systemic collagen stiffening using advanced glycation end product (AGE) crosslinking prevents collective invasion, while leaving single cell invasion unaffected. Collective invasion into collagen matrices by ductal breast cancer cells depends on Lysyl oxidase-like 3 (Loxl3), a factor produced by tumor cells that reinforces local collagen stiffness. Finally, we present clinical evidence that collectively invading cancer cells at the invasive front of ductal breast carcinoma upregulate LOXL3. By uncoupling the mechanical, chemical, and structural cues that control invasion of breast cancer in three dimensions, our data reveal that spatial control over stiffness and bundling underlie collective dissemination of ductal-type breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Koorman
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Departments of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karin A. Jansen
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Departments of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine Khalil
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Molecular Cancer Research/Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter D. Haughton
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Departments of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daan Visser
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Departments of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Max A. K. Rätze
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Departments of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wisse E. Haakma
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Departments of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gabrielè Sakalauskaitè
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Departments of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J. van Diest
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Departments of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan de Rooij
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Molecular Cancer Research/Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick W. B. Derksen
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Departments of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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24
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Wang X, Chen S, Nan H, Liu R, Ding Y, Song K, Shuai J, Fan Q, Zheng Y, Ye F, Jiao Y, Liu L. Abnormal Aggregation of Invasive Cancer Cells Induced by Collective Polarization and ECM-Mediated Mechanical Coupling in Coculture Systems. Research (Wash D C) 2021; 2021:9893131. [PMID: 34957406 PMCID: PMC8678614 DOI: 10.34133/2021/9893131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on pattern formation in coculture cell systems can provide insights into many physiological and pathological processes. Here, we investigate how the extracellular matrix (ECM) may influence the patterning in coculture systems. The model coculture system we use is composed of highly motile invasive breast cancer cells, initially mixed with inert nonmetastatic cells on a 2D substrate and covered with a Matrigel layer introduced to mimic ECM. We observe that the invasive cells exhibit persistent centripetal motion and yield abnormal aggregation, rather than random spreading, due to a “collective pulling” effect resulting from ECM-mediated transmission of active contractile forces generated by the polarized migration of the invasive cells along the vertical direction. The mechanism we report may open a new window for the understanding of biological processes that involve multiple types of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matte Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.,Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- Materials Science and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Hanqing Nan
- Materials Science and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Ruchuan Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matte Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kena Song
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jianwei Shuai
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qihui Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matte Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Fangfu Ye
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matte Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.,Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Materials Science and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA.,Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Liyu Liu
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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25
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Revell CK, Jensen OE, Shearer T, Lu Y, Holmes DF, Kadler KE. Collagen fibril assembly: New approaches to unanswered questions. Matrix Biol Plus 2021; 12:100079. [PMID: 34381990 PMCID: PMC8334717 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2021.100079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen fibrils are essential for metazoan life. They are the largest, most abundant, and most versatile protein polymers in animals, where they occur in the extracellular matrix to form the structural basis of tissues and organs. Collagen fibrils were first observed at the turn of the 20th century. During the last 40 years, the genes that encode the family of collagens have been identified, the structure of the collagen triple helix has been solved, the many enzymes involved in the post-translational modifications of collagens have been identified, mutations in the genes encoding collagen and collagen-associated proteins have been linked to heritable disorders, and changes in collagen levels have been associated with a wide range of diseases, including cancer. Yet despite extensive research, a full understanding of how cells assemble collagen fibrils remains elusive. Here, we review current models of collagen fibril self-assembly, and how cells might exert control over the self-assembly process to define the number, length and organisation of fibrils in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher K. Revell
- Department of Mathematics, University of Manchester, Alan Turing Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Oliver E. Jensen
- Department of Mathematics, University of Manchester, Alan Turing Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Tom Shearer
- Department of Mathematics, University of Manchester, Alan Turing Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Yinhui Lu
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - David F. Holmes
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Karl E. Kadler
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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26
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Grill MJ, Kernes J, Slepukhin VM, Wall WA, Levine AJ. Directed force propagation in semiflexible networks. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:10223-10241. [PMID: 33367438 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01177k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We consider the propagation of tension along specific filaments of a semiflexible filament network in response to the application of a point force using a combination of numerical simulations and analytic theory. We find the distribution of force within the network is highly heterogeneous, with a small number of fibers supporting a significant fraction of the applied load over distances of multiple mesh sizes surrounding the point of force application. We suggest that these structures may be thought of as tensile force chains, whose structure we explore via simulation. We develop self-consistent calculations of the point-force response function and introduce a transfer matrix approach to explore the decay of tension (into bending) energy and the branching of tensile force chains in the network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian J Grill
- Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jonathan Kernes
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA.
| | - Valentin M Slepukhin
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA.
| | - Wolfgang A Wall
- Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Alex J Levine
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA.
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
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27
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Asgeirsson DO, Christiansen MG, Valentin T, Somm L, Mirkhani N, Nami AH, Hosseini V, Schuerle S. 3D magnetically controlled spatiotemporal probing and actuation of collagen networks from a single cell perspective. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:3850-3862. [PMID: 34505607 PMCID: PMC8507888 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00657f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cells continuously sense and react to mechanical cues from their surrounding matrix, which consists of a fibrous network of biopolymers that influences their fate and behavior. Several powerful methods employing magnetic control have been developed to assess the micromechanical properties within extracellular matrix (ECM) models hosting cells. However, many of these are limited to in-plane sensing and actuation, which does not allow the matrix to be probed within its full 3D context. Moreover, little attention has been given to factors specific to the model ECM systems that can profoundly influence the cells contained there. Here we present methods to spatiotemporally probe and manipulate extracellular matrix networks at the scale relevant to cells using magnetic microprobes (μRods). Our techniques leverage 3D magnetic field generation, physical modeling, and image analysis to examine and apply mechanical stimuli to fibrous collagen matrices. We determined shear moduli ranging between hundreds of Pa to tens of kPa and modeled the effects of proximity to rigid surfaces and local fiber densification. We analyzed the spatial extent and dynamics of matrix deformation produced in response to magnetic torques on the order of 10 pNm, deflecting fibers over an area spanning tens of micrometers. Finally, we demonstrate 3D actuation and pose extraction of fluorescently labelled μRods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne O Asgeirsson
- Responsive Biomedical Systems Laboratory, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Michael G Christiansen
- Responsive Biomedical Systems Laboratory, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Valentin
- Responsive Biomedical Systems Laboratory, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Luca Somm
- Responsive Biomedical Systems Laboratory, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Nima Mirkhani
- Responsive Biomedical Systems Laboratory, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Amin Hosseini Nami
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Vahid Hosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Simone Schuerle
- Responsive Biomedical Systems Laboratory, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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28
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Liu L, Yu H, Long Y, You Z, Ogawa R, Du Y, Huang C. Asporin inhibits collagen matrix-mediated intercellular mechanocommunications between fibroblasts during keloid progression. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21705. [PMID: 34105826 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100111r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Keloids are fibrotic lesions that grow unceasingly and invasively and are driven by local mechanical stimuli. Unlike other fibrotic diseases and normal wound healing, keloids exhibit little transformation of dermal fibroblasts into α-SMA+ myofibroblasts. This study showed that asporin is the most strongly expressed gene in keloids and its gene-ontology terms relate strongly to ECM metabolism/organization. Experiments with human dermal cells (HDFs) showed that asporin overexpression/treatment abrogated the HDF ability to adopt a perpendicular orientation when subjected to stretching tension. It also induced calcification of the surrounding 3D collagen matrix. Asporin overexpression/treatment also prevented the HDFs from remodeling the surrounding 3D collagen matrix, leading to a disorganized network of thick, wavy collagen fibers that resembled keloid collagen architecture. This in turn impaired the ability of the HDFs to contract the collagen matrix. Asporin treatment also made the fibroblasts impervious to the fibrous collagen contraction of α-SMA+ myofibroblasts, which normally activates fibroblasts. Thus, by calcifying collagen, asporin prevents fibroblasts from linearly rearranging the surrounding collagen; this reduces both their mechanosensitivity and mechanosignaling to each other through the collagen network. This blocks fibroblast activation and differentiation into the mature myofibroblasts that efficiently remodel the extracellular matrix. Consequently, the fibroblasts remain immature, highly proliferative, and continue laying down abundant extracellular matrix, causing keloid growth and invasion. Notably, dermal injection of asporin-overexpressing HDFs into murine wounds recapitulated keloid collagen histopathological characteristics. Thus, disrupted interfibroblast mechanocommunication may promote keloid progression. Asporin may be a new diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longwei Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongsheng Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Long
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifeng You
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Rei Ogawa
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yanan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyu Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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29
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Narasimhan BN, Horrocks MS, Malmström J. Hydrogels with Tunable Physical Cues and Their Emerging Roles in Studies of Cellular Mechanotransduction. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Badri Narayanan Narasimhan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Victoria University of Wellington PO Box 600 Wellington 6140 New Zealand
| | - Matthew S. Horrocks
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Victoria University of Wellington PO Box 600 Wellington 6140 New Zealand
| | - Jenny Malmström
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Victoria University of Wellington PO Box 600 Wellington 6140 New Zealand
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30
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Eichinger JF, Grill MJ, Kermani ID, Aydin RC, Wall WA, Humphrey JD, Cyron CJ. A computational framework for modeling cell-matrix interactions in soft biological tissues. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2021; 20:1851-1870. [PMID: 34173132 PMCID: PMC8450219 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-021-01480-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Living soft tissues appear to promote the development and maintenance of a preferred mechanical state within a defined tolerance around a so-called set point. This phenomenon is often referred to as mechanical homeostasis. In contradiction to the prominent role of mechanical homeostasis in various (patho)physiological processes, its underlying micromechanical mechanisms acting on the level of individual cells and fibers remain poorly understood, especially how these mechanisms on the microscale lead to what we macroscopically call mechanical homeostasis. Here, we present a novel computational framework based on the finite element method that is constructed bottom up, that is, it models key mechanobiological mechanisms such as actin cytoskeleton contraction and molecular clutch behavior of individual cells interacting with a reconstructed three-dimensional extracellular fiber matrix. The framework reproduces many experimental observations regarding mechanical homeostasis on short time scales (hours), in which the deposition and degradation of extracellular matrix can largely be neglected. This model can serve as a systematic tool for future in silico studies of the origin of the numerous still unexplained experimental observations about mechanical homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas F Eichinger
- Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany.,Institute for Continuum and Materials Mechanics, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, 21073, Germany
| | - Maximilian J Grill
- Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Iman Davoodi Kermani
- Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Roland C Aydin
- Institute of Material Systems Modeling, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, 21502, Germany
| | - Wolfgang A Wall
- Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Jay D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Christian J Cyron
- Institute for Continuum and Materials Mechanics, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, 21073, Germany. .,Institute of Material Systems Modeling, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, 21502, Germany.
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31
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Alsisi A, Eftimie R, Trucu D. Non-local multiscale approach for the impact of go or grow hypothesis on tumour-viruses interactions. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2021; 18:5252-5284. [PMID: 34517487 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2021267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We propose and study computationally a novel non-local multiscale moving boundary mathematical model for tumour and oncolytic virus (OV) interactions when we consider the go or grow hypothesis for cancer dynamics. This spatio-temporal model focuses on two cancer cell phenotypes that can be infected with the OV or remain uninfected, and which can either move in response to the extracellular-matrix (ECM) density or proliferate. The interactions between cancer cells, those among cancer cells and ECM, and those among cells and OV occur at the macroscale. At the micro-scale, we focus on the interactions between cells and matrix degrading enzymes (MDEs) that impact the movement of tumour boundary. With the help of this multiscale model we explore the impact on tumour invasion patterns of two different assumptions that we consider in regard to cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. In particular we investigate model dynamics when we assume that cancer cell fluxes are the result of local advection in response to the density of extracellular matrix (ECM), or of non-local advection in response to cell-ECM adhesion. We also investigate the role of the transition rates between mainly-moving and mainly-growing cancer cell sub-populations, as well as the role of virus infection rate and virus replication rate on the overall tumour dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhamed Alsisi
- Division of Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, United Kingdom
| | - Raluca Eftimie
- Laboratoire Mathematiques de Besançon, UMR-CNRS 6623, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, Besançon, France
| | - Dumitru Trucu
- Division of Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, United Kingdom
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32
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Suveges S, Chamseddine I, Rejniak KA, Eftimie R, Trucu D. Collective Cell Migration in a Fibrous Environment: A Hybrid Multiscale Modelling Approach. FRONTIERS IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS 2021; 7:680029. [PMID: 34322539 PMCID: PMC8315487 DOI: 10.3389/fams.2021.680029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The specific structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and in particular the density and orientation of collagen fibres, plays an important role in the evolution of solid cancers. While many experimental studies discussed the role of ECM in individual and collective cell migration, there are still unanswered questions about the impact of nonlocal cell sensing of other cells on the overall shape of tumour aggregation and its migration type. There are also unanswered questions about the migration and spread of tumour that arises at the boundary between different tissues with different collagen fibre orientations. To address these questions, in this study we develop a hybrid multi-scale model that considers the cells as individual entities and ECM as a continuous field. The numerical simulations obtained through this model match experimental observations, confirming that tumour aggregations are not moving if the ECM fibres are distributed randomly, and they only move when the ECM fibres are highly aligned. Moreover, the stationary tumour aggregations can have circular shapes or irregular shapes (with finger-like protrusions), while the moving tumour aggregations have elongate shapes (resembling to clusters, strands or files). We also show that the cell sensing radius impacts tumour shape only when there is a low ratio of fibre to non-fibre ECM components. Finally, we investigate the impact of different ECM fibre orientations corresponding to different tissues, on the overall tumour invasion of these neighbouring tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ibrahim Chamseddine
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa Florida, USA
| | - Katarzyna A. Rejniak
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa Florida, USA
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa Florida, USA
| | - Raluca Eftimie
- Laboratoire Mathématiques de Besançon, UMR-CNRS 6623, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, Besançon, France
| | - Dumitru Trucu
- Department of Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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33
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Fan Q, Zheng Y, Wang X, Xie R, Ding Y, Wang B, Yu X, Lu Y, Liu L, Li Y, Li M, Zhao Y, Jiao Y, Ye F. Dynamically Re‐Organized Collagen Fiber Bundles Transmit Mechanical Signals and Induce Strongly Correlated Cell Migration and Self‐Organization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biological Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Physics Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287 USA
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biological Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou Zhejiang 325001 China
- School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Ruipei Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biological Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yu Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biological Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Boyi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biological Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xiaoyu Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biological Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Ying Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biological Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan Guangdong 523808 China
| | - Liyu Liu
- College of Physics Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 China
| | - Yunliang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biological Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Ming Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biological Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan Guangdong 523808 China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou Zhejiang 325001 China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing 210008 China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Physics Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287 USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287 USA
| | - Fangfu Ye
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biological Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou Zhejiang 325001 China
- School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan Guangdong 523808 China
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34
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Fan Q, Zheng Y, Wang X, Xie R, Ding Y, Wang B, Yu X, Lu Y, Liu L, Li Y, Li M, Zhao Y, Jiao Y, Ye F. Dynamically Re-Organized Collagen Fiber Bundles Transmit Mechanical Signals and Induce Strongly Correlated Cell Migration and Self-Organization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11858-11867. [PMID: 33533087 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Correlated cell migration in fibrous extracellular matrix (ECM) is important in many biological processes. During migration, cells can remodel the ECM, leading to the formation of mesoscale structures such as fiber bundles. However, how such mesoscale structures regulate correlated single-cells migration remains to be elucidated. Here, using a quasi-3D in vitro model, we investigate how collagen fiber bundles are dynamically re-organized and guide cell migration. By combining laser ablation technique with 3D tracking and active-particle simulations, we definitively show that only the re-organized fiber bundles that carry significant tensile forces can guide strongly correlated cell migration, providing for the first time a direct experimental evidence supporting that matrix-transmitted long-range forces can regulate cell migration and self-organization. This force regulation mechanism can provide new insights for studies on cellular dynamics, fabrication or selection of biomedical materials in tissue repairing, and many other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ruipei Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Boyi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Liyu Liu
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yunliang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ming Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.,Materials Science and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Fangfu Ye
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
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35
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Rüdiger D, Kick K, Goychuk A, Vollmar AM, Frey E, Zahler S. Cell-Based Strain Remodeling of a Nonfibrous Matrix as an Organizing Principle for Vasculogenesis. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108015. [PMID: 32783939 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial tube formation on a reconstituted basement membrane (Matrigel) is a well-established in vitro model for studying the processes of angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. However, to date, the organizing principles that underlie the morphogenesis of this network and that shape the initial process of cells' finding one another remain elusive. Here, we identify a mechanism that allows cells to form networks by mechanically reorganizing and stiffening their extracellular matrix, independent of chemical guidance cues. Interestingly, we find that this cellular self-organization strongly depends on the connectivity, plasticity, and topology of the surrounding matrix; cell contractility; and cell density. Cells rearrange the matrix and form bridges of matrix material that are stiffer than their surroundings, thus creating a durotactic track for the initiation of cell protrusions and cell-cell contacts. This contractility-based communication via strain stiffening and matrix rearrangement might be a general organizing principle during tissue development or regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rüdiger
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kick
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Andriy Goychuk
- Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics and Center for NanoScience, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstraße 37, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Angelika M Vollmar
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Erwin Frey
- Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics and Center for NanoScience, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstraße 37, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Zahler
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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36
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Alisafaei F, Chen X, Leahy T, Janmey PA, Shenoy VB. Long-range mechanical signaling in biological systems. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:241-253. [PMID: 33136113 PMCID: PMC8385661 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01442g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cells can respond to signals generated by other cells that are remarkably far away. Studies from at least the 1920's showed that cells move toward each other when the distance between them is on the order of a millimeter, which is many times the cell diameter. Chemical signals generated by molecules diffusing from the cell surface would move too slowly and dissipate too fast to account for these effects, suggesting that they might be physical rather than biochemical. The non-linear elastic responses of sparsely connected networks of stiff or semiflexible filament such as those that form the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the cytoskeleton have unusual properties that suggest multiple mechanisms for long-range signaling in biological tissues. These include not only direct force transmission, but also highly non-uniform local deformations, and force-generated changes in fiber alignment and density. Defining how fibrous networks respond to cell-generated forces can help design new methods to characterize abnormal tissues and can guide development of improved biomimetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Alisafaei
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Thomas Leahy
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. and Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA and McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paul A Janmey
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. and Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3340 Smith Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA and Departments of Physiology, and Physics & Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Vivek B Shenoy
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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37
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Ouellette JN, Drifka CR, Pointer KB, Liu Y, Lieberthal TJ, Kao WJ, Kuo JS, Loeffler AG, Eliceiri KW. Navigating the Collagen Jungle: The Biomedical Potential of Fiber Organization in Cancer. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:17. [PMID: 33494220 PMCID: PMC7909776 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research has highlighted the importance of key tumor microenvironment features, notably the collagen-rich extracellular matrix (ECM) in characterizing tumor invasion and progression. This led to great interest from both basic researchers and clinicians, including pathologists, to include collagen fiber evaluation as part of the investigation of cancer development and progression. Fibrillar collagen is the most abundant in the normal extracellular matrix, and was revealed to be upregulated in many cancers. Recent studies suggested an emerging theme across multiple cancer types in which specific collagen fiber organization patterns differ between benign and malignant tissue and also appear to be associated with disease stage, prognosis, treatment response, and other clinical features. There is great potential for developing image-based collagen fiber biomarkers for clinical applications, but its adoption in standard clinical practice is dependent on further translational and clinical evaluations. Here, we offer a comprehensive review of the current literature of fibrillar collagen structure and organization as a candidate cancer biomarker, and new perspectives on the challenges and next steps for researchers and clinicians seeking to exploit this information in biomedical research and clinical workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan N. Ouellette
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (J.N.O.); (C.R.D.); (T.J.L.); (W.J.K.)
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (K.B.P.); (Y.L.)
| | - Cole R. Drifka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (J.N.O.); (C.R.D.); (T.J.L.); (W.J.K.)
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (K.B.P.); (Y.L.)
| | - Kelli B. Pointer
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (K.B.P.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuming Liu
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (K.B.P.); (Y.L.)
| | - Tyler J Lieberthal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (J.N.O.); (C.R.D.); (T.J.L.); (W.J.K.)
| | - W John Kao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (J.N.O.); (C.R.D.); (T.J.L.); (W.J.K.)
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - John S. Kuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
| | - Agnes G. Loeffler
- Department of Pathology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA;
| | - Kevin W. Eliceiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (J.N.O.); (C.R.D.); (T.J.L.); (W.J.K.)
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (K.B.P.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
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38
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Wang H, Xu X. Continuum elastic models for force transmission in biopolymer gels. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:10781-10808. [PMID: 33289764 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01451f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We review continuum elastic models for the transmission of both external forces and internal active cellular forces in biopolymer gels, and relate them to recent experiments. Rather than being exhaustive, we focus on continuum elastic models for small affine deformations and intend to provide a systematic continuum method and some analytical perspectives on the study of force transmission in biopolymer gels. We start from a very brief review of the nonlinear mechanics of individual biopolymers and a summary of constitutive models for the nonlinear elasticity of biopolymer gels. We next show that the simple 3-chain model can give predictions that fit well the shear experiments of some biopolymer gels, including the effects of strain-stiffening and negative normal stress. We then review continuum models for the transmission of internal active forces that are induced by a spherically contracting cell embedded in a three-dimensional biopolymer gel. Various scaling regimes for the decay of cell-induced displacements are identified for linear isotropic and anisotropic materials, and for biopolymer gels with nonlinear compressive-softening and strain-stiffening elasticity, respectively. After that, we present (using an energetic approach) the generic and unified continuum theory proposed in [D. Ben-Yaakov et al., Soft Matter, 2015, 11, 1412] about how the transmission of forces in the biogel matrix can mediate long-range interactions between cells with mechanical homeostasis. We show the predictions of the theory in a special hexagonal multicellular array, and relate them to recent experiments. Finally, we conclude this paper with comments on the limitations and outlook of continuum modeling, and highlight the need for complementary theoretical approaches, such as discrete network simulations, to force transmission in biopolymer gels and phenomenological active gel theories for multicellular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqin Wang
- Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel.
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39
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Davidson CD, Jayco DKP, Wang WY, Shikanov A, Baker BM. Fiber Crimp Confers Matrix Mechanical Nonlinearity, Regulates Endothelial Cell Mechanosensing, and Promotes Microvascular Network Formation. J Biomech Eng 2020; 142:111009. [PMID: 32839824 PMCID: PMC7580766 DOI: 10.1115/1.4048191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical interactions between cells and their surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) guide many fundamental cell behaviors. Native connective tissue consists of highly organized, 3D networks of ECM fibers with complex, nonlinear mechanical properties. The most abundant stromal matrix component is fibrillar type I collagen, which often possesses a wavy, crimped morphology that confers strain- and load-dependent nonlinear mechanical behavior. Here, we established a new and simple method for engineering electrospun fibrous matrices composed of dextran vinyl sulfone (DexVS) with controllable crimped structure. A hydrophilic peptide was functionalized to DexVS matrices to trigger swelling of individual hydrogel fibers, resulting in crimped microstructure due to the fixed anchorage of fibers. Mechanical characterization of these matrices under tension confirmed orthogonal control over nonlinear stress-strain responses and matrix stiffness. We next examined ECM mechanosensing of individual endothelial cells (ECs) and found that fiber crimp promoted physical matrix remodeling alongside decreases in cell spreading, focal adhesion area, and nuclear localization of Yes-associated protein (YAP). These changes corresponded to an increase in migration speed, along with evidence for long-range interactions between neighboring cells in crimped matrices. Interestingly, when ECs were seeded at high density in crimped matrices, capillary-like networks rapidly assembled and contained tube-like cellular structures wrapped around bundles of synthetic matrix fibers due to increased physical reorganization of matrix fibers. Our work provides an additional level of mechanical and architectural tunability to synthetic fibrous matrices and implicates a critical role for mechanical nonlinearity in EC mechanosensing and network formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D. Davidson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1420 Lurie Biomedical Engineering, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2110
| | - Danica Kristen P. Jayco
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1420 Lurie Biomedical Engineering, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2110
| | - William Y. Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1420 Lurie Biomedical Engineering, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2110
| | - Ariella Shikanov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, 2126 Lurie Biomedical Engineering, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2110
| | - Brendon M. Baker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2174 Lurie Biomedical Engineering, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2110
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40
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Rose JC, Gehlen DB, Omidinia‐Anarkoli A, Fölster M, Haraszti T, Jaekel EE, De Laporte L. How Much Physical Guidance is Needed to Orient Growing Axons in 3D Hydrogels? Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000886. [PMID: 33015945 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Directing cells is essential to organize multi-cellular organisms that are built up from subunits executing specific tasks. This guidance requires a precisely controlled symphony of biochemical, mechanical, and structural signals. While many guiding mechanisms focus on 2D structural patterns or 3D biochemical gradients, injectable material platforms that elucidate how cellular processes are triggered by defined 3D physical guiding cues are still lacking but crucial for the repair of soft tissues. Herein, a recently developed anisotropic injectable hybrid hydrogel (Anisogel) contains rod-shaped microgels that orient in situ by a magnetic field and has propelled studying 3D cell guidance. Here, the Anisogel is used to investigate the dependence of axonal guidance on microgel dimensions, aspect ratio, and distance. While large microgels result in high material anisotropy, they significantly reduce neurite outgrowth and thus the guidance efficiency. Narrow and long microgels enable strong axonal guidance with maximal outgrowth including cell sensing over distances of tens of micrometers in 3D. Moreover, nerve cells decide to orient inside the Anisogel within the first three days, followed by strengthening of the alignment, which goes along with oriented fibronectin deposition. These findings demonstrate the potential of the Anisogel to tune structural and mechanical parameters for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas C. Rose
- DWI Leibniz‐Institute for Interactive Materials RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52056 Germany
- ITMC‐Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52074 Germany
| | - David B. Gehlen
- DWI Leibniz‐Institute for Interactive Materials RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52056 Germany
- ITMC‐Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52074 Germany
| | - Abdolrahman Omidinia‐Anarkoli
- DWI Leibniz‐Institute for Interactive Materials RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52056 Germany
- ITMC‐Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52074 Germany
| | - Maaike Fölster
- DWI Leibniz‐Institute for Interactive Materials RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52056 Germany
- ITMC‐Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52074 Germany
| | - Tamás Haraszti
- DWI Leibniz‐Institute for Interactive Materials RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52056 Germany
- ITMC‐Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52074 Germany
| | - Esther E. Jaekel
- DWI Leibniz‐Institute for Interactive Materials RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52056 Germany
- ITMC‐Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52074 Germany
| | - Laura De Laporte
- DWI Leibniz‐Institute for Interactive Materials RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52056 Germany
- ITMC‐Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52074 Germany
- Department of Advanced Materials for Biomedicine Institute of Applied Medical Engineering RWTH Aachen University Aachen D‐52074 Germany
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41
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Zheng Y, Fan Q, Eddy CZ, Wang X, Sun B, Ye F, Jiao Y. Modeling multicellular dynamics regulated by extracellular-matrix-mediated mechanical communication via active particles with polarized effective attraction. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:052409. [PMID: 33327171 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.052409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Collective cell migration is crucial to many physiological and pathological processes such as embryo development, wound healing, and cancer invasion. Recent experimental studies have indicated that the active traction forces generated by migrating cells in a fibrous extracellular matrix (ECM) can mechanically remodel the ECM, giving rise to bundlelike mesostructures bridging individual cells. Such fiber bundles also enable long-range propagation of cellular forces, leading to correlated migration dynamics regulated by the mechanical communication among the cells. Motivated by these experimental discoveries, we develop an active-particle model with polarized effective attractions (APPA) to investigate emergent multicellular migration dynamics resulting from ECM-mediated mechanical communications. In particular, the APPA model generalizes the classic active-Brownian-particle (ABP) model by imposing a pairwise polarized attractive force between the particles, which depends on the instantaneous dynamic states of the particles and mimics the effective mutual pulling between the cells via the fiber bundle bridge. The APPA system exhibits enhanced aggregation behaviors compared to the classic ABP system, and the contrast is more apparent at lower particle densities and higher rotational diffusivities. Importantly, in contrast to the classic ABP system where the particle velocities are not correlated for all particle densities, the high-density phase of the APPA system exhibits strong dynamic correlations, which are characterized by the slowly decaying velocity correlation functions with a correlation length comparable to the linear size of the high-density phase domain (i.e., the cluster of particles). The strongly correlated multicellular dynamics predicted by the APPA model is subsequently verified in in vitro experiments using MCF-10A cells. Our studies indicate the importance of incorporating ECM-mediated mechanical coupling among the migrating cells for appropriately modeling emergent multicellular dynamics in complex microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Qihui Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matte Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Christopher Z Eddy
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matte Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Fangfu Ye
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matte Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
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42
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Rens EG, Merks RM. Cell Shape and Durotaxis Explained from Cell-Extracellular Matrix Forces and Focal Adhesion Dynamics. iScience 2020; 23:101488. [PMID: 32896767 PMCID: PMC7482025 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cells are small and rounded on soft extracellular matrices (ECM), elongated on stiffer ECMs, and flattened on hard ECMs. Cells also migrate up stiffness gradients (durotaxis). Using a hybrid cellular Potts and finite-element model extended with ODE-based models of focal adhesion (FA) turnover, we show that the full range of cell shape and durotaxis can be explained in unison from dynamics of FAs, in contrast to previous mathematical models. In our 2D cell-shape model, FAs grow due to cell traction forces. Forces develop faster on stiff ECMs, causing FAs to stabilize and, consequently, cells to spread on stiff ECMs. If ECM stress further stabilizes FAs, cells elongate on substrates of intermediate stiffness. We show that durotaxis follows from the same set of assumptions. Our model contributes to the understanding of the basic responses of cells to ECM stiffness, paving the way for future modeling of more complex cell-ECM interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth G. Rens
- Scientific Computing, CWI, Science Park 123, 1098 XG Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Mathematics Department, University of British Columbia, Mathematics Road 1984, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada
| | - Roeland M.H. Merks
- Scientific Computing, CWI, Science Park 123, 1098 XG Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Mathematical Institute, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 1, 2333 CA Leiden, the Netherlands
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43
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Mok S, Al Habyan S, Ledoux C, Lee W, MacDonald KN, McCaffrey L, Moraes C. Mapping cellular-scale internal mechanics in 3D tissues with thermally responsive hydrogel probes. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4757. [PMID: 32958771 PMCID: PMC7505969 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18469-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Local tissue mechanics play a critical role in cell function, but measuring these properties at cellular length scales in living 3D tissues can present considerable challenges. Here we present thermoresponsive, smart material microgels that can be dispersed or injected into tissues and optically assayed to measure residual tissue elasticity after creep over several weeks. We first develop and characterize the sensors, and demonstrate that internal mechanical profiles of live multicellular spheroids can be mapped at high resolutions to reveal broad ranges of rigidity within the tissues, which vary with subtle differences in spheroid aggregation method. We then show that small sites of unexpectedly high rigidity develop in invasive breast cancer spheroids, and in an in vivo mouse model of breast cancer progression. These focal sites of increased intratumoral rigidity suggest new possibilities for how early mechanical cues that drive cancer cells towards invasion might arise within the evolving tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Mok
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Sara Al Habyan
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 160 Pine Ave W, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Charles Ledoux
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Wontae Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Katherine N MacDonald
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Luke McCaffrey
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 160 Pine Ave W, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Christopher Moraes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C5, Canada.
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 160 Pine Ave W, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada.
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44
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Ouyang M, Qian Z, Bu B, Jin Y, Wang J, Zhu Y, Liu L, Pan Y, Deng L. Sensing Traction Force on the Matrix Induces Cell-Cell Distant Mechanical Communications for Self-Assembly. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:5833-5848. [PMID: 33320570 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The long-range biomechanical force propagating across a large scale may reserve the capability to trigger coordinative responses within cell population such as during angiogenesis, epithelial tubulogenesis, and cancer metastasis. How cells communicate in a distant manner within the group for self-assembly remains largely unknown. Here, we found that airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) rapidly self-assembled into a well-constructed network on 3D Matrigel containing type I collagen (COL), which relied on long-range biomechanical force across the matrix to direct cell-cell distant interactions. Similar results happened by HUVEC cells to mimic angiogenesis. Interestingly, single ASMCs initiated multiple extended protrusions precisely pointing to neighboring cells in distance (100-300 μm away or 5-10 folds of the diameter of a round single cell), depending on traction force sensing. Individual ASMCs mechanosensed each other to move directionally on both nonfibrous Matrigel only and Matrigel containing fibrous COL but lost mutual sensing on the cross-linked gel or coated glass due to no long-range force transmission. The bead tracking assay demonstrated distant transmission of traction force (up to 400 μm) during the matrix deformation, and finite element method modeling confirmed the consistency between maximum strain distribution on the matrix and cell directional movements in experiments. Furthermore, ASMCs recruited COL from the hydrogel to build a fibrous network to mechanically stabilize the cell network. Our results revealed principally that cells can sense traction force transmitted through the matrix to initiate cell-cell distant mechanical communications, resulting in cell directional migration and coordinated cell and COL self-assembly with active matrix remodeling. As an interesting phenomenon, cells seem to be able to "make a phone call" via long-range biomechanics, which implicates physiological importance such as for tissue pattern formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Ouyang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Changzhou University, 1 Gehu Road, Wujin District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province 213164, China
| | - Zhili Qian
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Changzhou University, 1 Gehu Road, Wujin District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province 213164, China
| | - Bing Bu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Changzhou University, 1 Gehu Road, Wujin District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province 213164, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Changzhou University, 1 Gehu Road, Wujin District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province 213164, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Changzhou University, 1 Gehu Road, Wujin District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province 213164, China
| | - Yiming Zhu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Changzhou University, 1 Gehu Road, Wujin District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province 213164, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Changzhou University, 1 Gehu Road, Wujin District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province 213164, China
| | - Yan Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Changzhou University, 1 Gehu Road, Wujin District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province 213164, China
| | - Linhong Deng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Changzhou University, 1 Gehu Road, Wujin District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province 213164, China
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45
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Zhang Y, Huang Z, Dong S, Liu Z, Liu Y, Tang L, Cheng T, Zhou X. Evaluation of Cell's Passability in the ECM Network. Biophys J 2020; 119:1056-1064. [PMID: 32891186 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The microstructure of the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a key role in affecting cell migration, especially nonproteolytic migration. It is difficult, however, to measure some properties of the ECM, such as stiffness and the passability for cell migration. On the basis of a network model of collagen fiber in the ECM, which has been well applied to simulate mechanical behaviors such as the stress-strain relationship, damage, and failure, we proposed a series of methods to study the microstructural properties containing pore size and pore stiffness and to search for the possible migration paths for cells. Finally, with a given criterion, we quantitatively evaluated the passability of the ECM network for cell migration. The fiber network model with a microstructure and the analysis method presented in this study further our understanding of and ability to evaluate the properties of an ECM network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongrou Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Modern Control Technology, Guangdong Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zetao Huang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shoubin Dong
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zejia Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yiping Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liqun Tang
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Taobo Cheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Modern Control Technology, Guangdong Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Modern Control Technology, Guangdong Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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46
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DeBenedictis EP, Zhang Y, Keten S. Structure and Mechanics of Bundled Semiflexible Polymer Networks. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth P. DeBenedictis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Sinan Keten
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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47
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Shakiba D, Alisafaei F, Savadipour A, Rowe RA, Liu Z, Pryse KM, Shenoy VB, Elson EL, Genin GM. The Balance between Actomyosin Contractility and Microtubule Polymerization Regulates Hierarchical Protrusions That Govern Efficient Fibroblast-Collagen Interactions. ACS NANO 2020; 14:7868-7879. [PMID: 32286054 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblasts undergo a critical transformation from an initially inactive state to a morphologically different and contractile state after several hours of being embedded within a physiologically relevant three-dimensional (3D) fibrous collagen-based extracellular matrix (ECM). However, little is known about the critical mechanisms by which fibroblasts adapt themselves and their microenvironment in the earliest stage of cell-matrix interaction. Here, we identified the mechanisms by which fibroblasts interact with their 3D collagen fibrous matrices in the early stages of cell-matrix interaction and showed that fibroblasts use energetically efficient hierarchical micro/nano-scaled protrusions in these stages as the primary means for the transformation and adaptation. We found that actomyosin contractility in these protrusions in the early stages of cell-matrix interaction restricts the growth of microtubules by applying compressive forces on them. Our results show that actomyosin contractility and microtubules work in concert in the early stages of cell-matrix interaction to adapt fibroblasts and their microenvironment to one another. These early stage interactions result in responses to disruption of the microtubule network and/or actomyosin contractility that are opposite to well-known responses to late-stage disruption and reveal insight into the ways that cells adapt themselves and their ECM recursively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delaram Shakiba
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology and Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130 United States
| | - Farid Alisafaei
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Alireza Savadipour
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology and Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130 United States
| | - Roger A Rowe
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology and Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130 United States
| | - Zhangao Liu
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology and Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130 United States
| | - Kenneth M Pryse
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology and Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130 United States
| | - Vivek B Shenoy
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Elliot L Elson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Guy M Genin
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology and Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130 United States
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48
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Yasodharababu M, Nair AK. A Multiscale Model to Predict Neuronal Cell Deformation with Varying Extracellular Matrix Stiffness and Topography. Cell Mol Bioeng 2020; 13:229-245. [PMID: 32426060 PMCID: PMC7225237 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-020-00615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuronal cells are sensitive to mechanical properties of extracellular matrix (ECM) such as stiffness and topography. Cells contract and exert a force on ECM to detect the microenvironment, which activates the signaling pathway to influence the cell functions such as differentiation, migration, and proliferation. There are numerous transmembrane proteins that transmit signals; however, integrin and neural cellular adhesion molecules (NCAM) play an important role in sensing the ECM mechanical properties. Mechanotransduction of cell-ECM is the key to understand the influence of ECM stiffness and topography; therefore, in this study, we develop a multiscale computational model to investigate these properties. METHODS This model couples the molecular behavior of integrin and NCAM to microscale interactions of neuronal cell and the ECM. We analyze the atomistic/molecular behavior of integrin and NCAM due to mechanical stimuli using steered molecular dynamics. The microscale properties of the neuronal cell and the ECM are simulated using non-linear finite element analysis by applying cell contractility. RESULTS We predict that by increasing the ECM stiffness, a neuronal cell exerts greater stress on the ECM. However, this stress reaches a saturation value for a threshold stiffness of ECM, and the saturation value is affected by the ECM thickness, topography, and clustering of integrin and NCAMs. Further, the ECM topography leads to asymmetric stress and deformation in the neuronal cell. Predicted stress distribution in neuronal cell and ECM are consistent with experimental results from the literature. CONCLUSION The multiscale computational model will guide in selecting the optimal ECM stiffness and topography range for in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Yasodharababu
- Multiscale Materials Modeling Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR USA
| | - Arun K. Nair
- Multiscale Materials Modeling Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR USA
- Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, 731 W. Dickson Street, Fayetteville, AR USA
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49
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Abstract
As the crucial non-cellular component of tissues, the extracellular matrix (ECM) provides both physical support and signaling regulation to cells. Some ECM molecules provide a fibrillar environment around cells, while others provide a sheet-like basement membrane scaffold beneath epithelial cells. In this Review, we focus on recent studies investigating the mechanical, biophysical and signaling cues provided to developing tissues by different types of ECM in a variety of developing organisms. In addition, we discuss how the ECM helps to regulate tissue morphology during embryonic development by governing key elements of cell shape, adhesion, migration and differentiation. Summary: This Review discusses our current understanding of how the extracellular matrix helps guide developing tissues by influencing cell adhesion, migration, shape and differentiation, emphasizing the biophysical cues it provides.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Cruz Walma
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4370, USA
| | - Kenneth M Yamada
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4370, USA
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50
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Zheng Y, Nan H, Liu Y, Fan Q, Wang X, Liu R, Liu L, Ye F, Sun B, Jiao Y. Modeling cell migration regulated by cell extracellular-matrix micromechanical coupling. Phys Rev E 2020; 100:043303. [PMID: 31770879 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.043303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration in fibrous extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial to many physiological and pathological processes such as tissue regeneration, immune response, and cancer progression. During migration, individual cells can generate active pulling forces via actomyosin contraction, which are transmitted to the ECM fibers through focal adhesion complexes, remodel the ECM, and eventually propagate to and can be sensed by other cells in the system. The microstructure and physical properties of the ECM can also significantly influence cell migration, e.g., via durotaxis and contact guidance. Here, we develop a computational model for two-dimensional cell migration regulated by cell-ECM micromechanical coupling. Our model explicitly takes into account a variety of cellular-level processes, including focal adhesion formation and disassembly, active traction force generation and cell locomotion due to actin filament contraction, transmission and propagation of tensile forces in the ECM, as well as the resulting ECM remodeling. We validate our model by accurately reproducing single-cell dynamics of MCF-10A breast cancer cells migrating on collagen gels and show that the durotaxis and contact guidance effects naturally arise as a consequence of the cell-ECM micromechanical interactions considered in the model. Moreover, our model predicts strongly correlated multicellular migration dynamics, which are resulted from the ECM-mediated mechanical coupling among the migrating cell and are subsequently verified in in vitro experiments using MCF-10A cells. Our computational model provides a robust tool to investigate emergent collective dynamics of multicellular systems in complex in vivo microenvironment and can be utilized to design in vitro microenvironments to guide collective behaviors and self-organization of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Hanqing Nan
- Materials Science and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Yanping Liu
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Qihui Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matte Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matte Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruchuan Liu
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Liyu Liu
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Fangfu Ye
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matte Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA.,Materials Science and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
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