1
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Zhou Y, Li H, Liu X, Chi X, Gu Z, Cui B, Bergquist J, Wang B, Tian G, Yang C, Xu F, Mi J. The Combination of Quantitative Proteomics and Systems Genetics Analysis Reveals that PTN Is Associated with Sleep-Loss-Induced Cognitive Impairment. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:2936-2949. [PMID: 37611228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Sleep loss is associated with cognitive dysfunction. However, the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we established a para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA)-induced insomniac mouse model with impaired cognitive function. Mass-spectrometry-based proteomics showed that the expression of 164 proteins was significantly altered in the hippocampus of the PCPA mice. To identify critical regulators among the potential markers, a transcriptome-wide association screening was performed in the BXD mice panel. Among the candidates, the expression of pleiotrophin (Ptn) was significantly associated with cognitive functions, indicating that Ptn-mediates sleep-loss-induced cognitive impairment. Gene co-expression analysis further revealed the potential mechanism by which Ptn mediates insomnia-induced cognitive impairment via the MAPK signaling pathway; that is, the decreased secretion of Ptn induced by insomnia leads to reduced binding to Ptprz1 on the postsynaptic membrane with the activation of the MAPK pathway via Fos and Nr4a1, further leading to the apoptosis of neurons. In addition, Ptn is genetically trans-regulated in the mouse hippocampus and implicated in neurodegenerative diseases in human genome-wide association studies. Our study provides a novel biomarker for insomnia-induced cognitive impairment and a new strategy for seeking neurological biomarkers by the integration of proteomics and systems genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Zhou
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Hui Li
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Xiaoya Liu
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Xiaodong Chi
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Zhaoxi Gu
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Binsen Cui
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Analytical Chemistry and Neurochemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75124, Sweden
| | - Binsheng Wang
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Geng Tian
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Chunhua Yang
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Fuyi Xu
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Jia Mi
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
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2
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Lee YJ, Ch'ng TH. RIP at the Synapse and the Role of Intracellular Domains in Neurons. Neuromolecular Med 2019; 22:1-24. [PMID: 31346933 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08556-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) occurs in a cell when transmembrane proteins are cleaved by intramembrane proteases such as secretases to generate soluble protein fragments in the extracellular environment and the cytosol. In the cytosol, these soluble intracellular domains (ICDs) have local functions near the site of cleavage or in many cases, translocate to the nucleus to modulate gene expression. While the mechanism of RIP is relatively well studied, the fate and function of ICDs for most substrate proteins remain poorly characterized. In neurons, RIP occurs in various subcellular compartments including at the synapse. In this review, we summarize current research on RIP in neurons, focusing specifically on synaptic proteins where the presence and function of the ICDs have been reported. We also briefly discuss activity-driven processing of RIP substrates at the synapse and the cellular machinery that support long-distance transport of ICDs from the synapse to the nucleus. Finally, we describe future challenges in this field of research in the context of understanding the contribution of ICDs in neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jun Lee
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Clinical Science Building, 11 Mandalay Road, 10-01-01 M, Singapore, 308232, Singapore.,Interdisciplinary Graduate School (IGS), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Toh Hean Ch'ng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Clinical Science Building, 11 Mandalay Road, 10-01-01 M, Singapore, 308232, Singapore. .,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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3
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Sharlow ER, Koseoglu MM, Bloom GS, Lazo JS. The Promise and Perils of Compound Discovery Screening with Inducible Pluripotent Cell-Derived Neurons. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2019; 18:97-103. [PMID: 31095406 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2019.914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases comprise more than a thousand ailments that adversely affect the brain and nervous system. When grouped together, these neurological conditions impact an estimated 100 million individuals in the United States and up to a billion people worldwide, making drug discovery efforts imperative. However, recent research and development efforts for these neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, have been exceedingly disappointing and typify the challenges associated with translating in vitro and cell-based discoveries to successful preclinical models and subsequent human clinical trials. Our viewpoint is that neuronal progenitor cells and neurons derived from inducible pluripotent stem cells afford an innovative translational bridge, with higher pathological relevancy than previous cellular models. We outline some of the opportunities and challenges associated with their evolving usage in drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Sharlow
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Fiske Drug Discovery Laboratory, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Mehmet Murat Koseoglu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Fiske Drug Discovery Laboratory, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - George S Bloom
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - John S Lazo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Fiske Drug Discovery Laboratory, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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4
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Cijsouw T, Ramsey AM, Lam TT, Carbone BE, Blanpied TA, Biederer T. Mapping the Proteome of the Synaptic Cleft through Proximity Labeling Reveals New Cleft Proteins. Proteomes 2018; 6:proteomes6040048. [PMID: 30487426 PMCID: PMC6313906 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes6040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapses are specialized neuronal cell-cell contacts that underlie network communication in the mammalian brain. Across neuronal populations and circuits, a diverse set of synapses is utilized, and they differ in their molecular composition to enable heterogenous connectivity patterns and functions. In addition to pre- and post-synaptic specializations, the synaptic cleft is now understood to be an integral compartment of synapses that contributes to their structural and functional organization. Aiming to map the cleft proteome, this study applied a peroxidase-mediated proximity labeling approach and used the excitatory synaptic cell adhesion protein SynCAM 1 fused to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a reporter in cultured cortical neurons. This reporter marked excitatory synapses as measured by confocal microcopy and was targeted to the edge zone of the synaptic cleft as determined using 3D dSTORM super-resolution imaging. Proximity labeling with a membrane-impermeant biotin-phenol compound restricted labeling to the cell surface, and Label-Free Quantitation (LFQ) mass spectrometry combined with ratiometric HRP tagging of membrane vs. synaptic surface proteins was used to identify the proteomic content of excitatory clefts. Novel cleft candidates were identified, and Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase zeta was selected and successfully validated. This study supports the robust applicability of peroxidase-mediated proximity labeling for synaptic cleft proteomics and its potential for understanding synapse heterogeneity in health and changes in diseases such as psychiatric disorders and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Cijsouw
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Austin M Ramsey
- Department of Physiology and Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - TuKiet T Lam
- Yale/NIDA Neuroproteomics Center, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
- W.M. Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Beatrice E Carbone
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Thomas A Blanpied
- Department of Physiology and Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Thomas Biederer
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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5
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Merkurjev D, Hong WT, Iida K, Oomoto I, Goldie BJ, Yamaguti H, Ohara T, Kawaguchi SY, Hirano T, Martin KC, Pellegrini M, Wang DO. Synaptic N6-methyladenosine (m6A) epitranscriptome reveals functional partitioning of localized transcripts. Nat Neurosci 2018; 21:1004-1014. [DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0173-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Loss-of-function of PTPR γ and ζ, observed in sporadic schizophrenia, causes brain region-specific deregulation of monoamine levels and altered behavior in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:575-587. [PMID: 28025742 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4490-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPRG has been genetically associated with psychiatric disorders and is a ligand for members of the contactin family, which are themselves linked to autism spectrum disorders. OBJECTIVE Based on our finding of a phosphatase-null de novo mutation in PTPRG associated with a case of sporadic schizophrenia, we used PTPRG knockout (KO) mice to model the effect of a loss-of-function mutation. We compared the results with loss-of-function in its close paralogue PTPRZ, previously associated with schizophrenia. We tested PTPRG -/- , PTPRZ -/- , and wild-type male mice for effects on social behavior, forced swim test, and anxiety, as well as on regional brain neurochemistry. RESULTS The most notable behavioral consequences of PTPRG gene inactivation were reduced immobilization in the forced swim test, suggestive of some negative symptoms of schizophrenia. By contrast, PTPRZ -/- mice demonstrated marked social alteration with increased aggressivity, reminiscent of some positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Both knockouts showed elevated dopamine levels in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and most particularly amygdala, but not striatum, accompanied by reduced dopamine beta hydroxylase activity only in amygdala. In addition, PTPRG KO elicited a distinct increase in hippocampal serotonin level not observed in PTPRZ KO. CONCLUSION PTPRG and PTPRZ gene loss therefore induces distinct patterns of behavioral change and region-specific alterations in neurotransmitters, highlighting their usefulness as models for neuropsychiatric disorder mechanisms and making these receptors attractive targets for therapy.
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7
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González-Castillo C, Ortuño-Sahagún D, Guzmán-Brambila C, Márquez-Aguirre AL, Raisman-Vozari R, Pallás M, Rojas-Mayorquín AE. The absence of pleiotrophin modulates gene expression in the hippocampus in vivo and in cerebellar granule cells in vitro. Mol Cell Neurosci 2016; 75:113-21. [PMID: 27468976 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a secreted growth factor recently proposed to act as a neuromodulatory peptide in the Central Nervous System. PTN appears to be involved in neurodegenerative diseases and neural disorders, and it has also been implicated in learning and memory. Specifically, PTN-deficient mice exhibit a lower threshold for LTP induction in the hippocampus, which is attenuated in mice overexpressing PTN. However, there is little information about the signaling systems recruited by PTN to modulate neural activity. To address this issue, the gene expression profile in hippocampus of mice lacking PTN was analyzed using microarrays of 22,000 genes. In addition, we corroborated the effect of the absence of PTN on the expression of these genes by silencing this growth factor in primary neuronal cultures in vitro. The microarray analysis identified 102 genes that are differentially expressed (z-score>3.0) in PTN null mice, and the expression of eight of those modified in the hippocampus of KO mice was also modified in vitro after silencing PTN in cultured neurons with siRNAs. The data obtained indicate that the absence of PTN affects AKT pathway response and modulates the expression of genes related with neuroprotection (Mgst3 and Estrogen receptor 1, Ers 1) and cell differentiation (Caspase 6, Nestin, and Odz4), both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia González-Castillo
- Doctorado en Ciencias en Biología Molecular en Medicina (DCBMM), CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Daniel Ortuño-Sahagún
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Carolina Guzmán-Brambila
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, División de Biotecnología y Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Campus Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Ana Laura Márquez-Aguirre
- Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., 44270 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Rita Raisman-Vozari
- Sorbonne Université UPMC UM75 INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Paris, France
| | - Mercé Pallás
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Neuroscience (INUB), Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Argelia E Rojas-Mayorquín
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto de Neurociencias, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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8
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Acute Morphine, Chronic Morphine, and Morphine Withdrawal Differently Affect Pleiotrophin, Midkine, and Receptor Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase β/ζ Regulation in the Ventral Tegmental Area. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:495-510. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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9
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García-Pérez D, Laorden ML, Milanés MV. Regulation of Pleiotrophin, Midkine, Receptor Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase β/ζ, and Their Intracellular Signaling Cascades in the Nucleus Accumbens During Opiate Administration. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 19:pyv077. [PMID: 26164717 PMCID: PMC4772269 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyv077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most classes of addictive substances alter the function and structural plasticity of the brain reward circuitry. Midkine (MK) and pleiotrophin (PTN) are growth/differentiation cytokines which, similarly to neurotrophins, play an important role in repair, neurite outgrowth, and cell differentiation. PTN or MK signaling through receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase β/ζ (RPTPβ/ζ), leads to the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases and thymoma viral proto-oncogene. This activation induces morphological changes and modulates addictive behaviors. Besides, there is increasing evidence that during the development of drug addiction, astrocytes contribute to the synaptic plasticity by synthesizing and releasing substances such as cytokines. METHODS In the present work we studied the effect of acute morphine administration, chronic morphine administration, and morphine withdrawal on PTN, MK, and RPTPβ/ζ expression and on their signaling pathways in the nucleus accumbens. RESULTS Present results indicated that PTN, MK, and RPTPβ/ζ levels increased after acute morphine injection, returned to basal levels during chronic opioid treatment, and were up-regulated again during morphine withdrawal. We also observed an activation of astrocytes after acute morphine injection and during opiate dependence and withdrawal. In addition, immunofluorescence analysis revealed that PTN, but not MK, was overexpressed in astrocytes and that dopaminoceptive neurons expressed RPTPβ/ζ. CONCLUSIONS All these observations suggest that the neurotrophic and behavioral adaptations that occur during opiate addiction could be, at least partly, mediated by cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel García-Pérez
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain (Mr García-Pérez, Drs Laorden, and Milanés); IMIB, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, Murcia, Spain (Mr García-Pérez, Drs Laorden, and Milanés).
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10
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González-Castillo C, Ortuño-Sahagún D, Guzmán-Brambila C, Pallàs M, Rojas-Mayorquín AE. Pleiotrophin as a central nervous system neuromodulator, evidences from the hippocampus. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 8:443. [PMID: 25620911 PMCID: PMC4287103 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a secreted growth factor, and also a cytokine, associated with the extracellular matrix, which has recently starting to attract attention as a significant neuromodulator with multiple neuronal functions during development. PTN is expressed in several tissues, where its signals are generally related with cell proliferation, growth, and differentiation by acting through different receptors. In Central Nervous System (CNS), PTN exerts post-developmental neurotrophic and -protective effects, and additionally has been involved in neurodegenerative diseases and neural disorders. Studies in Drosophila shed light on some aspects of the different levels of regulatory control of PTN invertebrate homologs. Specifically in hippocampus, recent evidence from PTN Knock-out (KO) mice involves PTN functioning in learning and memory. In this paper, we summarize, discuss, and contrast the most recent advances and results that lead to proposing a PTN as a neuromodulatory molecule in the CNS, particularly in hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia González-Castillo
- Doctorwado en Ciencias en Biología Molecular en Medicina (DCBMM), CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Daniel Ortuño-Sahagún
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara Jalisco, México
| | - Carolina Guzmán-Brambila
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, División de Biotecnología y Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Campus Guadalajara Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy School of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Gombash SE, Manfredsson FP, Mandel RJ, Collier TJ, Fischer DL, Kemp CJ, Kuhn NM, Wohlgenant SL, Fleming SM, Sortwell CE. Neuroprotective potential of pleiotrophin overexpression in the striatonigral pathway compared with overexpression in both the striatonigral and nigrostriatal pathways. Gene Ther 2014; 21:682-93. [PMID: 24807806 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2014.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Intrastriatal injection of recombinant adeno-associated viral vector serotype 2/1 (rAAV2/1) to overexpress the neurotrophic factor pleiotrophin (PTN) provides neuroprotection for tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (THir) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), increases THir neurite density in the striatum (ST) and reverses functional deficits in forepaw use following 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) toxic insult. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) gene transfer studies suggest that optimal neuroprotection is dependent on the site of nigrostriatal overexpression. The present study was conducted to determine whether enhanced neuroprotection could be accomplished via simultaneous rAAV2/1 PTN injections into the ST and SN compared with ST injections alone. Rats were unilaterally injected in the ST alone or injected in both the ST and SN with rAAV2/1 expressing either PTN or control vector. Four weeks later, all rats received intrastriatal injections of 6-OHDA. Rats were euthanized 6 or 16 weeks relative to 6-OHDA injection. A novel selective total enumeration method to estimate nigral THir neuron survival was validated to maintain the accuracy of stereological assessment. Long-term nigrostriatal neuroprotection and functional benefits were only observed in rats in which rAAV2/1 PTN was injected into the ST alone. Results suggest that superior preservation of the nigrostriatal system is provided by PTN overexpression delivered to the ST and restricted to the ST and SN pars reticulata and is not improved with overexpression of PTN within SNpc neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Gombash
- 1] Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA [2] Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - F P Manfredsson
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - R J Mandel
- Department of Neuroscience, Powell Gene Therapy Center, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - T J Collier
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - D L Fischer
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - C J Kemp
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - N M Kuhn
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - S L Wohlgenant
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - S M Fleming
- Departments of Psychology and Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - C E Sortwell
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
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12
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Jeon JP, Roh SE, Wie J, Kim J, Kim H, Lee KP, Yang D, Jeon JH, Cho NH, Kim IG, Kang DE, Kim HJ, So I. Activation of TRPC4β by Gαi subunit increases Ca2+ selectivity and controls neurite morphogenesis in cultured hippocampal neuron. Cell Calcium 2013; 54:307-19. [PMID: 24011658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels function as non-selective, Ca(2+)-permeable channels. TRPC channels are activated by stimulation of Gαq-PLC-coupled receptors. Here, we report that TRPC4/TRPC5 can be activated by Gαi. We studied the essential role of Gαi subunits in TRPC4 activation and investigated changes in ion selectivity and pore dilation of the TRPC4 channel elicited by the Gαi2 subunit. Activation of TRPC4 by Gαi2 increased Ca2+ permeability and Ca2+ influx through TRPC4 channels. Co-expression of the muscarinic receptor (M2) and TRPC4 in HEK293 cells induced TRPC4-mediated Ca2+ influx. Moreover, both TRPC4β and the TRPC4β-Gαi2 signaling complex induced inhibition of neurite growth and arborization in cultured hippocampal neurons. Cells treated with KN-93, a CaMKII inhibitor, prevented TRPC4- and TRPC4-Gαi2(Q205L)-mediated inhibition of neurite branching and growth. These findings indicate an essential role of Gαi proteins in TRPC4 activation and extend our knowledge of the functional role of TRPC4 in hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Pyo Jeon
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Dermatological Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
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13
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Lorenzetto E, Moratti E, Vezzalini M, Harroch S, Sorio C, Buffelli M. Distribution of different isoforms of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase γ (Ptprg-RPTP γ) in adult mouse brain: upregulation during neuroinflammation. Brain Struct Funct 2013; 219:875-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-013-0541-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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14
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Song M, Mohamad O, Chen D, Yu SP. Coordinated development of voltage-gated Na+ and K+ currents regulates functional maturation of forebrain neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:1551-63. [PMID: 23259973 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Like embryonic stem (ES) cells, human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells can differentiate into neuronal cells. However, it is unclear how their exquisite neuronal function is electrophysiologically coordinated during differentiation and whether they are functionally identical to human ES cell-derived neurons. In this study, we differentiated hiPS and ES cells into pyramidal-like neurons and conducted electrophysiological characterization over the 4-week terminal differentiation period. The human neuron-like cells express forebrain pyramidal cell markers NeuN, neurofilament, the microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), the paired box protein Pax-6 (PAX6), Tuj1, and the forkhead box protein G1 (FoxG1). The size of developing neurons increased continuously during the 4-week culture, and cell-resting membrane potentials (RMPs) underwent a negative shift from -40 to -70 mV. Expression of the muscarinic receptor-modulated K(+) currents (IM) participated in the development of cell RMPs and controlled excitability. Immature neurons at week 1 could only fire abortive action potentials (APs) and the frequency of AP firing progressively increased with neuronal maturation. Interestingly, the developmental change of voltage-gated Na(+) current (INa) did not correlate with the change in the AP firing frequency. On the other hand, the transient outward K(+) current (IA), but not the delayed rectifier current (IK) contributed to the high frequency firing of APs. Synaptic activities were observed throughout the 4-week development. These morphological and electrophysiological features were almost identical between iPS and ES cell-derived neurons. This is the first systematic investigation showing functional evidence that hiPS cell-derived neurons possess similar neuronal activities as ES cell-derived neurons. These data support that iPS cell-derived neural progenitor cells have the potential for replacing lost neurons in cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingke Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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15
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Huang JK, Ferrari CC, Monteiro de Castro G, Lafont D, Zhao C, Zaratin P, Pouly S, Greco B, Franklin RJM. Accelerated axonal loss following acute CNS demyelination in mice lacking protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Z. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 181:1518-23. [PMID: 22940073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Z (Ptprz) is widely expressed in the mammalian central nervous system and has been suggested to regulate oligodendrocyte survival and differentiation. We investigated the role of Ptprz in oligodendrocyte remyelination after acute, toxin-induced demyelination in Ptprz null mice. We found neither obvious impairment in the recruitment of oligodendrocyte precursor cells, astrocytes, or reactive microglia/macrophage to lesions nor a failure for oligodendrocyte precursor cells to differentiate and remyelinate axons at the lesions. However, we observed an unexpected increase in the number of dystrophic axons by 3 days after demyelination, followed by prominent Wallerian degeneration by 21 days in the Ptprz-deficient mice. Moreover, quantitative gait analysis revealed a deficit of locomotor behavior in the mutant mice, suggesting increased vulnerability to axonal injury. We propose that Ptprz is necessary to maintain central nervous system axonal integrity in a demyelinating environment and may be an important target of axonal protection in inflammatory demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and periventricular leukomalacia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey K Huang
- Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
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16
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Harris JL, Reeves TM, Phillips LL. Phosphacan and receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase β expression mediates deafferentation-induced synaptogenesis. Hippocampus 2011; 21:81-92. [PMID: 20014386 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.20725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study documents the spatial and temporal expression of three structurally related chondroitin sulfated proteoglycans (CSPGs) during synaptic regeneration induced by brain injury. Using the unilateral entorhinal cortex (EC) lesion model of adaptive synaptogenesis, we documented mRNA and protein profiles of phosphacan and its two splice variants, full length receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase β (RPTPβ) and the short transmembrane receptor form (sRPTPβ), at 2, 7, and 15 days postlesion. We report that whole hippocampal sRPTPβ protein and mRNA are persistently elevated over the first two weeks after UEC. As predicted, this transmembrane family member was localized adjacent to synaptic sites in the deafferented neuropil and showed increased distribution over that zone following lesion. By contrast, whole hippocampal phosphacan protein was not elevated with deafferentation; however, its mRNA was increased during the period of sprouting and synapse formation (7d). When the zone of synaptic reorganization was sampled using molecular layer/granule cell (ML/GCL) enriched dissections, we observed an increase in phosphacan protein at 7d, concurrent with the observed hippocampal mRNA elevation. Immunohistochemistry also showed a shift in phosphacan distribution from granule cell bodies to the deafferented ML at 2 and 7d postlesion. Phosphacan and sRPTPβ were not colocalized with glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), suggesting that reactive astrocytes were not a major source of either proteoglycan. While transcript for the developmentally prominent full length RPTPβ was also increased at 2 and 15d, its protein was not detected in our adult samples. These results indicate that phosphacan and RPTPβ splice variants participate in both the acute degenerative and long-term regenerative phases of reactive synaptogenesis. These results suggest that increase in the transmembrane sRPTPβ tyrosine phosphatase activity is critical to this plasticity, and that local elevation of extracellular phosphacan influences dendritic organization during synaptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna L Harris
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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17
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Horii-Hayashi N, Yoshikawa M, Matsusue Y, Ishizaka S, Nishi M, Wanaka A. Environmental stimulation changes tissue-type plasminogen activator activity in the adult mouse hippocampus. Neurochem Int 2011; 58:1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Asai H, Yokoyama S, Morita S, Maeda N, Miyata S. Functional difference of receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase zeta/beta isoforms in neurogenesis of hippocampal neurons. Neuroscience 2009; 164:1020-30. [PMID: 19751804 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase zeta/beta (RPTPzeta) is a transmembrane chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) and has been shown to play crucial roles in controlling axonal growth and neuronal migration. The RPTPzeta has two transmembranous isoforms, shorter receptor form of RPTPzeta (sRPTPzeta) and full-length receptor form of RPTPzeta (fRPTPzeta), but no studies have been reported about functional difference of these two isoforms. In the present study, therefore, we examined whether or not two RPTPzeta isoforms have different role in controlling dendritic morphology and synaptic number in cultured hippocampal neurons using the quantitative morphometrical analysis. Confocal microscopic observation showed that the immunoreactivity of RPTPzeta was observed throughout cells such as axons, growth cones, and dendrites at the early stages of neuronal culture, while it was seen predominantly on dendrites at the late stages. Western blotting analysis revealed that fRPTPzeta was mainly expressed at the early stages of culture and both RPTPzeta isoforms were expressed at late stages of culture. The overexpression of sRPTPzeta in hippocampal neurons increased the dendritic arborization without altering the average length of dendritic branches, whereas that of fRPTPzeta decreased the dendritic arborization and increased the average length of dendritic branches. The RNA interference of fRPTPzeta expression increased the dendritic arborization without altering the average length of dendritic branches. The overexpression of fRPTPzeta decreased the density of hippocampal dendritic synapses, but that of sRPTPzeta had no effects. Pleiotrophin, a ligand for RPTPzeta to interfere the phosphatase activity, increased the density of hippocampal dendritic synapses. Thus, the present study demonstrates that two transmembranous RPTPzeta isoforms have different functions for regulating dendritogenesis and synaptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Asai
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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19
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Saito A, Matsui F, Hayashi K, Watanabe K, Ichinohashi Y, Sato Y, Hayakawa M, Kojima S, Oohira A. Behavioral abnormalities of fetal growth retardation model rats with reduced amounts of brain proteoglycans. Exp Neurol 2009; 219:81-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Revised: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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A novel role for receptor like protein tyrosine phosphatase zeta in modulation of sensorimotor responses to noxious stimuli: evidences from knockout mice studies. Behav Brain Res 2009; 201:29-40. [PMID: 19428613 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2009.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Revised: 01/12/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Receptor like protein tyrosine phosphatase zeta (RPTPz) (also known as RPTPbeta or PTPxi) is a tyrosine phosphatase widely expressed in the nervous system, thought to play a role in cell-cell communication. However, knocking out RPTPz does not induce major neural abnormalities in mice. In order to better assess the potential role of RPTPz in various neural functions, we performed a comprehensive behavioural characterization of CNS/PNS functions in knockout mice (RPTPz -/-) confirming previously observed impaired working memory functions and further demonstrating an altered motor coordination. Moreover, RPTPz -/- mice displayed reduced responses to moderate thermal and tactile stimuli, both in baseline and under inflammatory conditions. These findings assign novel functional role of RPTPz in motor coordination and nociception.
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21
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Ferrario JE, Rojas-Mayorquín AE, Saldaña-Ortega M, Salum C, Gomes MZ, Hunot S, Raisman-Vozari R. Pleiotrophin receptor RPTP-ζ/β expression is up-regulated by l-DOPA in striatal medium spiny neurons of parkinsonian rats. J Neurochem 2008; 107:443-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05640.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases are expressed by cycling retinal progenitor cells and involved in neuronal development of mouse retina. Neuroscience 2008; 152:618-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2007] [Revised: 12/14/2007] [Accepted: 01/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Wu M, Gan K, Huang C, Tang Y, Chen Q, Tang K, Li X, Shen S, Li G. LRRC4 controls in vitro invasion of glioblastoma cells through inhibiting RPTP-zeta expression. J Neurooncol 2006; 80:133-42. [PMID: 16941076 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-006-9173-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2005] [Accepted: 04/03/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
LRRC4 (leucine rich repeat containing 4), a novel member of LRP (Leucine-rich repeat protein) superfamily, contains a conserved leucine-rich repeat (LRR) cassette and an immunoglobulin-like (IgC2) domain in its extracellular region. In the present study, we demonstrated that the N and C terminal LRR (LRRNT and LRRCT) are requisite for membrane and cytoplasm location of LRRC4 in Cos7 cells. We also suggested that RPTP-zeta (receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase) receptor is relevant to the invasion ability of gliomas cells, and its expression is inhibited by the reexpression of LRRC4. Our observations indicated that LRRC4 may be a negative regulator of the RPTP-zeta receptor, and contribute to suppressing the invasion ability of gliomas cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Wu
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078 Hunan, People's Republic of China
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24
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Foehr ED, Lorente G, Kuo J, Ram R, Nikolich K, Urfer R. Targeting of the receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase beta with a monoclonal antibody delays tumor growth in a glioblastoma model. Cancer Res 2006; 66:2271-8. [PMID: 16489031 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase beta (RPTPbeta) is a functional biomarker for several solid tumor types. RPTPbeta expression is largely restricted to the central nervous system and overexpressed primarily in astrocytic tumors. RPTPbeta is known to facilitate tumor cell adhesion and migration through interactions with extracellular matrix components and the growth factor pleiotrophin. Here, we show that RPTPbeta is expressed in a variety of solid tumor types with low expression in normal tissue. To assess RPTPbeta as a potential target for treatment of glioblastoma and other cancers, antibodies directed to RPTPbeta have been developed and profiled in vitro and in vivo. The recombinant extracellular domain of human short RPTPbeta was used to immunize mice and generate monoclonal antibodies that selectively recognize RPTPbeta and bind to the antigen with low nanomolar affinities. Moreover, these antibodies recognized the target on living tumor cells as measured by flow cytometry. These antibodies killed glioma cells in vitro when coupled to the cytotoxin saporin either directly or via a secondary antibody. Finally, in vivo studies showed that an anti-RPTPbeta immunotoxin (7E4B11-SAP) could significantly delay human U87 glioma tumors in a mouse xenograft model. Unconjugated 7E4B11 provides a modest but statistically significant tumor growth delay when delivered systemically in mice bearing U87 glioma tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik D Foehr
- AGY Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.
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