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Sharma R, Malviya R, Srivastava S, Ahmad I, Rab SO, Uniyal P. Targeted Treatment Strategies for Mitochondria Dysfunction: Correlation with Neurological Disorders. Curr Drug Targets 2024; 25:683-699. [PMID: 38910425 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501303824240604103732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are an essential intracellular organelle for medication targeting and delivery since they seem to create energy and conduct many other cellular tasks, and mitochondrial dysfunctions and malfunctions lead to many illnesses. Many initiatives have been taken to detect, diagnose, and image mitochondrial abnormalities, and to transport and accumulate medicines precisely to mitochondria, all because of special mitochondrial aspects of the pathophysiology of cancer. In addition to the negative membrane potential and paradoxical mitochondrial dynamics, they include high temperatures, high levels of reactive oxygen species, high levels of glutathione, and high temperatures. Neurodegenerative diseases represent a broad spectrum of debilitating illnesses. They are linked to the loss of certain groups of neurons based on an individual's physiology or anatomy. The mitochondria in a cell are generally accepted as the authority with respect to ATP production. Disruption of this system is linked to several cellular physiological issues. The development of neurodegenerative disorders has been linked to mitochondrial malfunction, according to pathophysiological studies. There seems to be substantial evidence connecting mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress to the development of neurodegenerative disorders. It has been extensively observed that mitochondrial malfunction triggers autophagy, which plays a role in neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, excitotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction have been linked to the development of neurodegenerative disorders. The pathophysiology of neurodegenerative illnesses has been linked to increased apoptosis and necrosis, as well as mitochondrial malfunction. A variety of synthetic and natural treatments have shown efficacy in treating neurodegenerative illnesses caused by mitochondrial failure. Neurodegenerative illnesses can be effectively treated with existing drugs that target mitochondria, although their precise formulations are poorly understood. Therefore, there is an immediate need to focus on creating drug delivery methods specifically targeted at mitochondria in the treatment and diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishav Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, U.P., India
| | - Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, U.P., India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- School of Pharmacy, KPJ Healthcare University College (KPJUC), Nilai, Malaysia
- Era College of Pharmacy, Era University, Lucknow, India
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safia Obaidur Rab
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prerna Uniyal
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India
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2
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Duan G, Li J, Duan Y, Zheng C, Guo Q, Li F, Zheng J, Yu J, Zhang P, Wan M, Long C. Mitochondrial Iron Metabolism: The Crucial Actors in Diseases. Molecules 2022; 28:29. [PMID: 36615225 PMCID: PMC9822237 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is a trace element necessary for cell growth, development, and cellular homeostasis, but insufficient or excessive level of iron is toxic. Intracellularly, sufficient amounts of iron are required for mitochondria (the center of iron utilization) to maintain their normal physiologic function. Iron deficiency impairs mitochondrial metabolism and respiratory activity, while mitochondrial iron overload promotes ROS production during mitochondrial electron transport, thus promoting potential disease development. This review provides an overview of iron homeostasis, mitochondrial iron metabolism, and how mitochondrial iron imbalances-induced mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geyan Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changbing Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qiuping Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fengna Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiayi Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peiwen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Mengliao Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Cimin Long
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Khan T, Waseem R, Zehra Z, Aiman A, Bhardwaj P, Ansari J, Hassan MI, Islam A. Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Pathophysiology and Mitochondria-Targeted Drug Delivery Approaches. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122657. [PMID: 36559149 PMCID: PMC9785072 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are implicated in a wide range of functions apart from ATP generation, and, therefore, constitute one of the most important organelles of cell. Since healthy mitochondria are essential for proper cellular functioning and survival, mitochondrial dysfunction may lead to various pathologies. Mitochondria are considered a novel and promising therapeutic target for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of various human diseases including metabolic disorders, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. For mitochondria-targeted therapy, there is a need to develop an effective drug delivery approach, owing to the mitochondrial special bilayer structure through which therapeutic molecules undergo multiple difficulties in reaching the core. In recent years, various nanoformulations have been designed such as polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, inorganic nanoparticles conjugate with mitochondriotropic moieties such as mitochondria-penetrating peptides (MPPs), triphenylphosphonium (TPP), dequalinium (DQA), and mitochondrial protein import machinery for overcoming barriers involved in targeting mitochondria. The current approaches used for mitochondria-targeted drug delivery have provided promising ways to overcome the challenges associated with targeted-drug delivery. Herein, we review the research from past years to the current scenario that has identified mitochondrial dysfunction as a major contributor to the pathophysiology of various diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the recent advancements in mitochondria-targeted drug delivery strategies for the pathologies associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzeel Khan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Rashid Waseem
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Zainy Zehra
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Ayesha Aiman
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Priyanka Bhardwaj
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Jaoud Ansari
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
- Correspondence:
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Alghamdi M, Gumbleton M, Newland B. Local delivery to malignant brain tumors: potential biomaterial-based therapeutic/adjuvant strategies. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:6037-6051. [PMID: 34357362 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00896j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant brain tumor and is associated with a very poor prognosis. The standard treatment for newly diagnosed patients involves total tumor surgical resection (if possible), plus irradiation and adjuvant chemotherapy. Despite treatment, the prognosis is still poor, and the tumor often recurs within two centimeters of the original tumor. A promising approach to improving the efficacy of GBM therapeutics is to utilize biomaterials to deliver them locally at the tumor site. Local delivery to GBM offers several advantages over systemic administration, such as bypassing the blood-brain barrier and increasing the bioavailability of the therapeutic at the tumor site without causing systemic toxicity. Local delivery may also combat tumor recurrence by maintaining sufficient drug concentrations at and surrounding the original tumor area. Herein, we critically appraised the literature on local delivery systems based within the following categories: polymer-based implantable devices, polymeric injectable systems, and hydrogel drug delivery systems. We also discussed the negative effect of hypoxia on treatment strategies and how one might utilize local implantation of oxygen-generating biomaterials as an adjuvant to enhance current therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Alghamdi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK. and Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 22522, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark Gumbleton
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK.
| | - Ben Newland
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK. and Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
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Chung YS, Ahmed PK, Othman I, Shaikh MF. Orthosiphon stamineus Proteins Alleviate Hydrogen Peroxide Stress in SH-SY5Y Cells. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11060585. [PMID: 34202937 PMCID: PMC8235403 DOI: 10.3390/life11060585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuroprotective potential of Orthosiphon stamineus leaf proteins (OSLPs) has never been evaluated in SH-SY5Y cells challenged by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This work thus aims to elucidate OSLP neuroprotective potential in alleviating H2O2 stress. OSLPs at varying concentrations were evaluated for cytotoxicity (24 and 48 h) and neuroprotective potential in H2O2-induced SH-SY5Y cells (24 h). The protective mechanism of H2O2-induced SH-SY5Y cells was also explored via mass-spectrometry-based label-free quantitative proteomics (LFQ) and bioinformatics. OSLPs (25, 50, 125, 250, 500, and 1000 µg/mL; 24 and 48 h) were found to be safe. Pre-treatments with OSLP doses (250, 500, and 1000 µg/mL, 24 h) significantly increased the survival of SH-SY5Y cells in a concentration-dependent manner and improved cell architecture—pyramidal-shaped cells, reduced clumping and shrinkage, with apparent neurite formations. OSLP pre-treatment (1000 µg/mL, 24 h) lowered the expressions of two major heat shock proteins, HSPA8 (heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8) and HSP90AA1 (heat shock protein 90), which promote cellular stress signaling under stress conditions. OSLP is, therefore, suggested to be anti-inflammatory by modulating the “signaling of interleukin-4 and interleukin-13” pathway as the predominant mechanism in addition to regulating the “attenuation phase” and “HSP90 chaperone cycle for steroid hormone receptors” pathways to counteract heat shock protein (HSP)-induced damage under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Sir Chung
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (Y.-S.C.); (I.O.)
| | - Pervaiz Khalid Ahmed
- School of Business, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia;
- Global Asia in the 21st Century (GA21), Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (Y.-S.C.); (I.O.)
- Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) Platform, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Mohd. Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (Y.-S.C.); (I.O.)
- Global Asia in the 21st Century (GA21), Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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Zilberman A, Cornelison RC. Microphysiological models of the central nervous system with fluid flow. Brain Res Bull 2021; 174:72-83. [PMID: 34029679 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There are over 1,000 described neurological and neurodegenerative disorders affecting nearly 100 million Americans - roughly one third of the U.S. population. Collectively, treatment of neurological conditions is estimated to cost $800 billion every year. Lowering this societal burden will require developing better model systems in which to study these diverse disorders. Microphysiological systems are promising tools for modeling healthy and diseased neural tissues to study mechanisms and treatment of neuropathology. One major benefit of microphysiological systems is the ability to incorporate biophysical forces, namely the forces derived from biological fluid flow. Fluid flow in the central nervous system (CNS) is a complex but important element of physiology, and pathologies as diverse as traumatic or ischemic injury, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and natural aging have all been found to alter flow pathways. In this review, we summarize recent advances in three-dimensional microphysiological systems for studying the biology and therapy of CNS disorders and highlight the ability and growing need to incorporate biological fluid flow in these miniaturized model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleeza Zilberman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | - R Chase Cornelison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States.
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7
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Bittle J, Menezes EC, McCormick ML, Spitz DR, Dailey M, Stevens HE. The Role of Redox Dysregulation in the Effects of Prenatal Stress on Embryonic Interneuron Migration. Cereb Cortex 2019; 29:5116-5130. [PMID: 30877797 PMCID: PMC7199998 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal stress during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of psychiatric disorders in offspring, but embryonic brain mechanisms disrupted by prenatal stress are not fully understood. Our lab has shown that prenatal stress delays inhibitory neural progenitor migration. Here, we investigated redox dysregulation as a mechanism for embryonic cortical interneuron migration delay, utilizing direct manipulation of pro- and antioxidants and a mouse model of maternal repetitive restraint stress starting on embryonic day 12. Time-lapse, live-imaging of migrating GAD67GFP+ interneurons showed that normal tangential migration of inhibitory progenitor cells was disrupted by the pro-oxidant, hydrogen peroxide. Interneuron migration was also delayed by in utero intracerebroventricular rotenone. Prenatal stress altered glutathione levels and induced changes in activity of antioxidant enzymes and expression of redox-related genes in the embryonic forebrain. Assessment of dihydroethidium (DHE) fluorescence after prenatal stress in ganglionic eminence (GE), the source of migrating interneurons, showed increased levels of DHE oxidation. Maternal antioxidants (N-acetylcysteine and astaxanthin) normalized DHE oxidation levels in GE and ameliorated the migration delay caused by prenatal stress. Through convergent redox manipula-tions, delayed interneuron migration after prenatal stress was found to critically involve redox dysregulation. Redox biology during prenatal periods may be a target for protecting brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jada Bittle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 1310 PBDB, 169 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, 356 Medical Research Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Edenia C Menezes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 1310 PBDB, 169 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael L McCormick
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, B180 Medical Laboratories, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, B180 Medical Laboratories, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael Dailey
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, 356 Medical Research Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, 2312 PBDB, 169 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Hanna E Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 1310 PBDB, 169 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, 356 Medical Research Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, 2312 PBDB, 169 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Falcucci RM, Wertz R, Green JL, Meucci O, Salvino J, Fontana ACK. Novel Positive Allosteric Modulators of Glutamate Transport Have Neuroprotective Properties in an in Vitro Excitotoxic Model. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3437-3453. [PMID: 31257852 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders, such as stroke, brain trauma, epilepsy, and several neurodegenerative disorders. EAAT2 is the main transporter subtype responsible for glutamate clearance in the brain, and plays a key role in regulating neurotransmission and preventing excitotoxicity. Therefore, compounds that increase the activity of EAAT2 have therapeutic potential for neuroprotection. In previous studies, we used virtual screening approaches to identify novel positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of EAAT2. These compounds were shown to selectively increase the activity of EAAT2 and increase Vmax of transport, without changing substrate affinity. In this work, our major effort was to investigate whether increasing the activity of EAAT2 by allosteric modulation would translate to neuroprotection in in vitro primary culture models of excitotoxicity. To investigate potential neuroprotective effects of one EAAT2 PAM, GT949, we subjected cultures to acute and prolonged excitotoxic insults by exogenous application of glutamate, or oxidative stress by application of hydrogen peroxide. GT949 administration did not result in neuroprotection in the oxidative stress model, likely due to damage of the glutamate transporters. However, GT949 displayed neuroprotective properties after acute and prolonged glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity. We propose that this compound prevents excess glutamate signaling by increasing the rate of glutamate clearance by EAAT2, thereby preventing excitotoxic damage and cell death. This novel class of compounds is therefore an innovative approach for neuroprotection with potential for translation in in vivo animal models of excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romulo Martelli Falcucci
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Ryan Wertz
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Jennifer Leigh Green
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Olimpia Meucci
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Joseph Salvino
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Andréia Cristina Karklin Fontana
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
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Pardo E, Barake F, Godoy JA, Oyanadel C, Espinoza S, Metz C, Retamal C, Massardo L, Tapia-Rojas C, Inestrosa NC, Soza A, González A. GALECTIN-8 Is a Neuroprotective Factor in the Brain that Can Be Neutralized by Human Autoantibodies. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:7774-7788. [PMID: 31119556 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1621-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-8 (Gal-8) is a glycan-binding protein that modulates a variety of cellular processes interacting with cell surface glycoproteins. Neutralizing anti-Gal-8 antibodies that block Gal-8 functions have been described in autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, likely playing pathogenic roles. In the brain, Gal-8 is highly expressed in the choroid plexus and accordingly has been detected in human cerebrospinal fluid. It protects against central nervous system autoimmune damage through its immune-suppressive potential. Whether Gal-8 plays a direct role upon neurons remains unknown. Here, we show that Gal-8 protects hippocampal neurons in primary culture against damaging conditions such as nutrient deprivation, glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress, and β-amyloid oligomers (Aβo). This protective action is manifested even after 2 h of exposure to the harmful condition. Pull-down assays demonstrate binding of Gal-8 to selected β1-integrins, including α3 and α5β1. Furthermore, Gal-8 activates β1-integrins, ERK1/2, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways that mediate neuroprotection. Hippocampal neurons in primary culture produce and secrete Gal-8, and their survival decreases upon incubation with human function-blocking Gal-8 autoantibodies obtained from lupus patients. Despite the low levels of Gal-8 expression detected by real-time PCR in hippocampus, compared with other brain regions, the complete lack of Gal-8 in Gal-8 KO mice determines higher levels of apoptosis upon H2O2 stereotaxic injection in this region. Therefore, endogenous Gal-8 likely contributes to generate a neuroprotective environment in the brain, which might be eventually counteracted by human function-blocking autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Pardo
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Barake
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan A Godoy
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Oyanadel
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sofía Espinoza
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Metz
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Retamal
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Loreto Massardo
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cheril Tapia-Rojas
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Center of Excellence in Biomedicine of Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Andrea Soza
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Alfonso González
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.
- Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile.
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Oxidative Stress-Tolerant Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth Decrease Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Damage in Organotypic Brain Slice Cultures from Adult Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081858. [PMID: 30991705 PMCID: PMC6514841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress causes severe tissue injury of the central nervous system in ischemic brain damage (IBD), traumatic brain injury (TBI) and neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we used hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) to induce oxidative stress in organotypic brain slice cultures (OBSCs), and investigated the protective effects of oxidative stress-tolerant (OST) stem cells harvested from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) which were co-cultivated with OBSCs. Using presto blue assay and immunostaining, we demonstrated that both normal SHED and OST-SHED could prevent H₂O₂-induced cell death, and increase the numbers of mature neuron and neuronal progenitors in the hippocampus of OBSCs. During co-cultivation, OST-SHED, but not normal SHED, exhibited neuronal cell morphology and expressed neuronal markers. Results from ELISA showed that both normal SHED and OST-SHED significantly decreased oxidative DNA damage in H₂O₂-treated OBSCs. SHED could also produce neurotrophic factor BDNF (brain derived neurotrophic factor) and promoted the production of IL-6 in OBSCs. Although OST-SHED had lower cell viability, the neuronal protection of OST-SHED was significantly superior to that of normal SHED. Our findings suggest that SHED, especially OST-SHED, could prevent oxidative stress induced brain damage. OST-SHED can be explored as a new therapeutic tool for IBD, TBI and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Dehhaghi M, Tan V, Heng B, Mohammadipanah F, Guillemin GJ. Protective Effects of Myxobacterial Extracts on Hydrogen Peroxide-induced Toxicity on Human Primary Astrocytes. Neuroscience 2018; 399:1-11. [PMID: 30496822 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes, the main non-neuronal cells in the brain, have significant roles in the maintenance and survival of neurons. Oxidative stress has been implicated in various neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Myxobacteria produce a wide range of bioactive metabolites with notable structures and modes of action, which introduce them as potent natural product producers. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of myxobacterial extracts on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-mediated toxicity on primary human astrocytes. We showed that myxobacterial extracts could decrease the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) production, and cell death assessed by the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Myxobacterial extracts were also able to reduce the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity. The extracts reduced the oxidative effect of H2O2 on over-activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP1), therefore preventing the cell death by restoring the NAD+ levels. In addition, myxobacterial extracts ameliorated the oxidative stress by increasing the glutathione level in cells. The overall results showed myxobacterial extracts, especially from the strains Archangium sp. UTMC 4070 and Cystobacter sp. UTMC 4073, were able to protect human primary astrocytes from oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Dehhaghi
- Departmentof Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Centre of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; NeuroinflammationGroup, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Vanessa Tan
- NeuroinflammationGroup, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Benjamin Heng
- NeuroinflammationGroup, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadipanah
- Departmentof Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Centre of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- NeuroinflammationGroup, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia.
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12
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Hyperbaric oxygen-generating hydrogels. Biomaterials 2018; 182:234-244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Fernandes V, Sharma D, Kalia K, Tiwari V. Neuroprotective effects of silibinin: an in silico and in vitro study. Int J Neurosci 2018; 128:935-945. [PMID: 29465317 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2018.1443926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Astrogliosis is a key contributor for many neurological disorders involving apoptosis, neuroinflammation and subsequent neuronal death. Silibinin, a polyphenol isolated from milk thistle (Silybum marianum), has been shown to suppress the astrocyte activation in various neurodegenerative disorders and also exhibit a neuroprotective role in neuroinflammation-driven oxidative damage. The present study was designed with an aim to investigate the neuroprotective effects of Silibinin against LPS induced oxido-inflammatory cascade and astrocyte activation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We have used in-silico molecular modelling techniques to study the interaction and binding affinity of silibinin with chemokine receptors associated with neuroinflammation. We have also tested silibinin against LPS induced oxido-inflammatory cascade and astrocyte activation in C6 glia cell lines. RESULTS In the present study, we found that treatment with silibinin significantly attenuates LPS-oxidative-nitrosative stress in C6 astrocytoma cells. We also observed the significant inhibition of induced astrocyte activity after treatment with silibinin. Moreover, molecular modelling studies have proposed a binding pose of silibinin with binding sites of p38 MAPK, CX3CR1 and P2X4 which is an important downstream cascade involved in glia cell activation and neuroinflammation. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the findings from the current study suggests that silibinin exhibits neuroprotective activity by attenuating oxidative damage and astrocytes activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valencia Fernandes
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad , Gandhinagar , Gujarat , India
| | - Dilip Sharma
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad , Gandhinagar , Gujarat , India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad , Gandhinagar , Gujarat , India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad , Gandhinagar , Gujarat , India.,b Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
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14
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Seo Y, Leong J, Teo JY, Mitchell JW, Gillette MU, Han B, Lee J, Kong H. Active Antioxidizing Particles for On-Demand Pressure-Driven Molecular Release. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:35642-35650. [PMID: 28961399 PMCID: PMC7042956 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Overproduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) are closely related to various health problems including inflammation, infection, and cancer. Abnormally high ROS levels can cause serious oxidative damage to biomolecules, cells, and tissues. A series of nano- or microsized particles has been developed to reduce the oxidative stress level by delivering antioxidant drugs. However, most systems are often plagued by slow molecular discharge, driven by diffusion. Herein, this study demonstrates the polymeric particles whose internal pressure can increase upon exposure to H2O2, one of the ROS, and in turn, discharge antioxidants actively. The on-demand pressurized particles are assembled by simultaneously encapsulating water-dispersible manganese oxide (MnO2) nanosheets and green tea derived epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) molecules into a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) spherical shell. In the presence of H2O2, the MnO2 nanosheets in the PLGA particle generate oxygen gas by decomposing H2O2 and increase the internal pressure. The pressurized PLGA particles release antioxidative EGCG actively and, in turn, protect vascular and brain tissues from oxidative damage more effectively than the particles without MnO2 nanosheets. This H2O2 responsive, self-pressurizing particle system would be useful to deliver a wide array of molecular cargos in response to the oxidation level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbeom Seo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jiayu Leong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Jye Yng Teo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Jennifer W. Mitchell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Program, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Martha U. Gillette
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Bioengineering, Neuroscience Program, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Bumsoo Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jonghwi Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, South Korea
| | - Hyunjoon Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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O'Sullivan SA, Dev KK. The chemokine fractalkine (CX3CL1) attenuates H 2O 2-induced demyelination in cerebellar slices. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:159. [PMID: 28810923 PMCID: PMC5558650 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0932-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fractalkine/CX3CR1 signalling has been implicated in many neurodegenerative and neurological diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). This signalling pathway plays an important role in regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as itself being altered in conditions of oxidative stress. Here, we investigated the effects of recombinant fractalkine (rCX3CL1) in models of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced demyelination and astrocyte toxicity, within organotypic cerebellar slice cultures. Methods Organotypic cerebellar slice cultures were generated from postnatal day 10 C57BL/6J mice to assess myelination. Immunohistochemistry was used to measure the degree of myelination. Fluorescent images were obtained using a leica SP8 confocal microscope and data analysed using ImageJ software. Results We show here, for the first time, that rCX3CL1 significantly attenuated bolus H2O2-induced demyelination as measured by expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) and attenuated reduced vimentin expression. Using the GOX-CAT system to continuously generate low levels of H2O2 and induce demyelination, we observed similar protective effects of rCX3CL1 on MBP and MOG fluorescence, although in this model, the decrease in vimentin expression was not altered. Conclusions This data indicates possible protective effects of fractalkine signalling in oxidative stress-induced demyelination in the central nervous system. This opens up the possibility of fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) modulation as a potential new target for protecting against oxidative stress-induced demyelination in both inflammatory and non-inflammatory nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinead A O'Sullivan
- Drug Development, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kumlesh K Dev
- Drug Development, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Vulnerability to a Metabolic Challenge Following Perinatal Asphyxia Evaluated by Organotypic Cultures: Neonatal Nicotinamide Treatment. Neurotox Res 2017. [PMID: 28631256 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9755-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis of enhanced vulnerability following perinatal asphyxia was investigated with a protocol combining in vivo and in vitro experiments. Asphyxia-exposed (AS) (by 21 min water immersion of foetuses containing uterine horns) and caesarean-delivered control (CS) rat neonates were used at P2-3 for preparing triple organotypic cultures (substantia nigra, neostriatum and neocortex). At DIV 18, cultures were exposed to different concentrations of H2O2 (0.25-45 mM), added to the culture medium for 18 h. After a 48-h recovery period, the cultures were either assessed for cell viability or for neurochemical phenotype by confocal microscopy. Energy metabolism (ADP/ATP ratio), oxidative stress (GSH/GSSG) and a modified ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay were applied to homogenates of parallel culture series. In CS cultures, the number of dying cells was similar in substantia nigra, neostriatum and neocortex, but it was several times increased in AS cultures evaluated under the same conditions. A H2O2 challenge led to a concentration-dependent increase in cell death (>fourfold after 0.25 mM of H2O2) in CS cultures. In AS cultures, a significant increase in cell death was only observed after 0.5 mM of H2O2. At higher than 1 mM of H2O2 (up to 45 mM), cell death increased several times in all cultures, but the effect was still more prominent in CS than in AS cultures. The cell phenotype of dying/alive cells was investigated in formalin-fixed cultures exposed to 0 or 1 mM of H2O2, co-labelling for TUNEL (apoptosis), MAP-2 (neuronal phenotype), GFAP (astroglial phenotype) and TH (tyrosine hydroxylase; for dopamine phenotype), counterstaining for DAPI (nuclear staining), also evaluating the effect of a single dose of nicotinamide (0.8 nmol/kg, i.p. injected in 100 μL, 60 min after delivery). Perinatal asphyxia produced a significant increase in the number of DAPI/TUNEL cells/mm3, in substantia nigra and neostriatum. One millimolar of H202 increased the number of DAPI/TUNEL cells/mm3 by ≈twofold in all regions of CS and AS cultures, an effect that was prevented by neonatal nicotinamide treatment. In substantia nigra, the number of MAP-2/TH-positive cells/mm3 was decreased in AS compared to CS cultures, also by 1 mM of H202, both in CS and AS cultures, prevented by nicotinamide. In agreement, the number of MAP-2/TUNEL-positive cells/mm3 was increased by 1 mM H2O2, both in CS (twofold) and AS (threefold) cultures, prevented by nicotinamide. The number of MAP-2/TH/TUNEL-positive cells/mm3 was only increased in CS (>threefold), but not in AS (1.3-fold) cultures. No TH labelling was observed in neostriatum, but 1 mM of H2O2 produced a strong increase in the number of MAP-2/TUNEL-positive cells/mm3, both in CS (>2.9-fold) and AS (>fourfold), decreased by nicotinamide. In neocortex, H2O2 increased the number of MAP-2/TUNEL-positive cells/mm3, both in CS and AS cultures (≈threefold), decreased by nicotinamide. The ADP/ATP ratio was increased in AS culture homogenates (>sixfold), compared to CS homogenates, increased by 1 mM of H202, both in CS and AS homogenates. The GSH/GSSG ratio was significantly decreased in AS, compared to CS cultures. One millimolar of H2O2 decreased that ratio in CS and AS homogenates. The present results demonstrate that perinatal asphyxia induces long-term changes in metabolic pathways related to energy and oxidative stress, priming cell vulnerability with both neuronal and glial phenotype. The observed effects were region dependent, being the substantia nigra particularly prone to cell death. Nicotinamide administration in vivo prevented the deleterious effects observed after perinatal asphyxia in vitro, a suitable pharmacological strategy against the deleterious consequences of perinatal asphyxia.
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O'Sullivan SA, Velasco-Estevez M, Dev KK. Demyelination induced by oxidative stress is regulated by sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors. Glia 2017; 65:1119-1136. [PMID: 28375547 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a pathological condition defined as an imbalance between production and removal of reactive oxygen species. This process causes structural cell damage, disrupts DNA repair and induces mitochondrial dysfunction. Many in vitro studies have used direct bolus application of H2 O2 to investigate the role of oxidative stress in cell culture. In this study, using mouse organotypic cerebellar slice cultures, the effects of H2 O2 -induced oxidative stress on myelination state were examined, using bolus concentrations of H2 O2 (0.1-1 mM) and low-continuous H2 O2 (∼20 μM) generated from glucose oxidase and catalase (GOX-CAT). Using these models, the potential therapeutic effects of pFTY720, an oral therapy used in multiple sclerosis, was also examined. We found bolus treatment of H2 O2 (0.5 mM) and, for the first time, low-continuous H2 O2 (GOX-CAT) to induce demyelination in organotypic slices. Both bolus H2 O2 and GOX-CAT treatments significantly decreased vimentin expression in these slice cultures as well as increased cell death in isolated astrocyte cultures. Importantly, pre-treatment with pFTY720 significantly attenuated both bolus H2 O2 and GOX-CAT-induced demyelination and the GOX-CAT-induced decrease in vimentin in cerebellar slices, without altering levels of the proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and CX3CL1. We also observed increased SMI-32 immunoreactivity in the white matter tract induced by GOX-CAT indicating axonal damage, which was remarkably attenuated by pFTY720. Taken together, this data establishes a novel GOX-CAT model of demyelination and demonstrates that pFTY720 can act independently of inflammatory cytokines to attenuate decreases in vimentin, as well as axonal damage and demyelination induced by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinead A O'Sullivan
- Drug Development, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Kumlesh K Dev
- Drug Development, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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18
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Abstract
Reactive species play an important role in physiological functions. Overproduction of reactive species, notably reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species along with the failure of balance by the body's antioxidant enzyme systems results in destruction of cellular structures, lipids, proteins, and genetic materials such as DNA and RNA. Moreover, the effects of reactive species on mitochondria and their metabolic processes eventually cause a rise in ROS/RNS levels, leading to oxidation of mitochondrial proteins, lipids, and DNA. Oxidative stress has been considered to be linked to the etiology of many diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) such as Alzheimer diseases, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Friedreich's ataxia, Huntington's disease, Multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's diseases. In addition, oxidative stress causing protein misfold may turn to other NDDs include Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, Kuru, Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome, and Fatal Familial Insomnia. An overview of the oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction-linked NDDs has been summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Torequl Islam
- a Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology , Federal University of Piauí (UFPI) , Teresina , Brazil.,b Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering , Southern University Bangladesh (SUB) , Chittagong , Bangladesh
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Chmielewski NN, Caressi C, Giedzinski E, Parihar VK, Limoli CL. Contrasting the effects of proton irradiation on dendritic complexity of subiculum neurons in wild type and MCAT mice. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2016; 57:364-371. [PMID: 26996825 DOI: 10.1002/em.22006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that radiation-induced oxidative stress directly affects a wide range of biological changes with an overall negative impact on CNS function. In the past we have demonstrated that transgenic mice over-expressing human catalase targeted to the mitochondria (MCAT) exhibit a range of neuroprotective phenotypes following irradiation that include improved neurogenesis, dendritic complexity, and cognition. To determine the extent of the neuroprotective phenotype afforded by MCAT expression in different hippocampal regions, we analyzed subiculum neurons for changes in neuronal structure and synaptic integrity after exposure to low dose (0.5 Gy) 150 MeV proton irradiation. One month following irradiation of WT and MCAT mice, a range of morphometric parameters were quantified along Golgi-Cox impregnated neurons. Compared with WT mice, subiculum neurons from MCAT mice exhibited increased trends (albeit not statistically significant) toward increased dendritic complexity in both control and irradiated cohorts. However, Sholl analysis of MCAT mice revealed significantly increased arborization of the distal dendritic tree, indicating a protective effect on secondary and tertiary branching. Interestingly, radiation-induced increases in postsynaptic density protein (PSD-95) puncta were not as pronounced in MCAT compared with WT mice, and were significantly lower after the 0.5 Gy dose. As past data has linked radiation exposure to reduced dendritic complexity, elevated PSD-95 and impaired cognition, reductions in mitochondrial oxidative stress have proven useful in ameliorating many of these radiation-induced sequelae. Data presented here shows similar trends, and again points to the potential benefits of reducing oxidative stress in the brain to attenuate radiation injury. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 57:364-371, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chongshan Caressi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Erich Giedzinski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Vipan K Parihar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Charles L Limoli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California
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Douiri S, Bahdoudi S, Hamdi Y, Cubì R, Basille M, Fournier A, Vaudry H, Tonon MC, Amri M, Vaudry D, Masmoudi-Kouki O. Involvement of endogenous antioxidant systems in the protective activity of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damages in cultured rat astrocytes. J Neurochem 2016; 137:913-30. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Salma Douiri
- Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology; Research Unit UR/11ES09; Department of Biological Sciences; Faculty of Science of Tunis; University Tunis El Manar; Tunis Tunisia
| | - Seyma Bahdoudi
- Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology; Research Unit UR/11ES09; Department of Biological Sciences; Faculty of Science of Tunis; University Tunis El Manar; Tunis Tunisia
- Inserm U982; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
| | - Yosra Hamdi
- Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology; Research Unit UR/11ES09; Department of Biological Sciences; Faculty of Science of Tunis; University Tunis El Manar; Tunis Tunisia
| | - Roger Cubì
- Inserm U982; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
| | - Magali Basille
- Inserm U982; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
- Regional Platform for Cell Imaging of Normandie (PRIMACEN); Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
| | - Alain Fournier
- INRS - Institut Armand-Frappier; Laval Quebec Canada
- Laboratoire International Associé Samuel de Champlain; Institut Armand-Frappier; Laval Quebec Canada
- International Associated Laboratory Samuel de Champlain; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
| | - Hubert Vaudry
- Inserm U982; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
- Regional Platform for Cell Imaging of Normandie (PRIMACEN); Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
- International Associated Laboratory Samuel de Champlain; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
| | - Marie-Christine Tonon
- Inserm U982; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
- Regional Platform for Cell Imaging of Normandie (PRIMACEN); Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
| | - Mohamed Amri
- Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology; Research Unit UR/11ES09; Department of Biological Sciences; Faculty of Science of Tunis; University Tunis El Manar; Tunis Tunisia
| | - David Vaudry
- Inserm U982; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
- Regional Platform for Cell Imaging of Normandie (PRIMACEN); Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
- International Associated Laboratory Samuel de Champlain; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
| | - Olfa Masmoudi-Kouki
- Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology; Research Unit UR/11ES09; Department of Biological Sciences; Faculty of Science of Tunis; University Tunis El Manar; Tunis Tunisia
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Gul Z, Demircan C, Bagdas D, Buyukuysal RL. Protective Effects of Chlorogenic Acid and its Metabolites on Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Alterations in Rat Brain Slices: A Comparative Study with Resveratrol. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:2075-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1919-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Elmann A, Telerman A, Erlank H, Ofir R, Kashman Y, Beit-Yannai E. Achillolide A Protects Astrocytes against Oxidative Stress by Reducing Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species and Interfering with Cell Signaling. Molecules 2016; 21:301. [PMID: 26950103 PMCID: PMC6274406 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Achillolide A is a natural sesquiterpene lactone that we have previously shown can inhibit microglial activation. In this study we present evidence for its beneficial effects on astrocytes under oxidative stress, a situation relevant to neurodegenerative diseases and brain injuries. Viability of brain astrocytes (primary cultures) was determined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, intracellular ROS levels were detected using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate, in vitro antioxidant activity was measured by differential pulse voltammetry, and protein phosphorylation was determined using specific ELISA kits. We have found that achillolide A prevented the H₂O₂-induced death of astrocytes, and attenuated the induced intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These activities could be attributed to the inhibition of the H₂O₂-induced phosphorylation of MAP/ERK kinase 1 (MEK1) and p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), and to the antioxidant activity of achillolide A, but not to H₂O₂ scavenging. This is the first study that demonstrates its protective effects on brain astrocytes, and its ability to interfere with MAPK activation. We propose that achillolide A deserves further evaluation for its potential to be developed as a drug for the prevention/treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and brain injuries where oxidative stress is part of the pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Elmann
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
| | - Alona Telerman
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
| | - Hilla Erlank
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
| | - Rivka Ofir
- Dead Sea & Arava Science Center and Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheba 84105, Israel.
| | - Yoel Kashman
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Elie Beit-Yannai
- Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheba 84105, Israel.
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Bhat AH, Dar KB, Anees S, Zargar MA, Masood A, Sofi MA, Ganie SA. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases; a mechanistic insight. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 74:101-10. [PMID: 26349970 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 615] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria is one of the main source of oxidative stress (ROS), as it utilizes the oxygen for the energy production. ROS and RNS are normally generated by tightly regulated enzymes. Excessive stimulation of NAD(P)H and electron transport chain leads to the overproduction of ROS, results in oxidative stress, which is a good mediator to injure the cell structures, lipids, proteins, and DNA. Various oxidative events implicated in many diseases due to oxidative stress include alteration in mitochondrial proteins, mitochondrial lipids and mitochondrial DNA, Which in turn leads to the damage to nerve cell as they are metabolically very active. ROS/RNS at moderate concentrations also play roles in normal physiology of many processes like signaling pathways, induction of mitogenic response and in defense against infectious pathogens. Oxidative stress has been considered to be the main cause in the etiology of many diseases, which includes Parkinson's and Alzheimer diseases. Several PD associated genes have been found to be involved in mitochondrial function, dynamics and morphology as well. This review includes source of free radical generation, chemistry and biochemistry of ROS/RNS and mitochondrial dysfunction and the mechanism involved in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashiq Hussain Bhat
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Khalid Bashir Dar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Suhail Anees
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | | | - Akbar Masood
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Manzoor Ahmad Sofi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Showkat Ahmad Ganie
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India.
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Goswami P, Gupta S, Joshi N, Sharma S, Singh S. Astrocyte activation and neurotoxicity: A study in different rat brain regions and in rat C6 astroglial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 40:122-139. [PMID: 26113375 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of rotenone on astrocytes activation, their viability and its effect on neuronal death in different brain regions. Rotenone was injected in rat brain by intracerebroventricularly (bilateral) route at dose of 6 μg and 12 μg. In vitro C6 cells were treated with rotenone at concentration of 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 μM. Rotenone administration to rat brain caused significant astrocytes activation in frontal cortex, cerebellum, cerebellar nucleus, substantia nigra, hypothalamus and hippocampus regions of the rat brain. Rotenone administration also led to significant degeneration of cells in all the studied regions along with altered nuclear morphology assessed by hematoxylin-eosin and cresyl violet staining. Histological staining showed the significantly decreased number of cells in all the studied regions except cerebellar nucleus in dose and time dependant manner. Rotenone administration in the rat brain also caused significant decrease in glutathione levels and augmented nitrite levels. In vitro treatment of rotenone to astrocytic C6 cells caused significantly increased expression of glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP) and decreased viability in dose and time dependent manner. Rotenone treatment to C6 cells exhibited significant generation of reactive oxygen species, augmented nitrite level, impaired mitochondrial activity, apoptotic chromatin condensation and DNA damage in comparison to control cells. Findings showed that oxidative stress play a considerable role in rotenone induced astrocyte death that was attenuated with co-treatment of antioxidant melatonin. In conclusion, results showed that rotenone caused significant astrocytes activation, altered nuclear morphology, biochemical alteration and apoptotic cell death in different rat brain regions. In vitro observations in C6 cells showed that rotenone treatment exhibited oxidative stress mediated apoptotic cell death, which was attenuated with co treatment of melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Goswami
- Toxicology Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), India
| | - Sonam Gupta
- Toxicology Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), India
| | - Neeraj Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sharad Sharma
- Toxicology Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sarika Singh
- Toxicology Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), India.
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25
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Parihar VK, Allen BD, Tran KK, Chmielewski NN, Craver BM, Martirosian V, Morganti JM, Rosi S, Vlkolinsky R, Acharya MM, Nelson GA, Allen AR, Limoli CL. Targeted overexpression of mitochondrial catalase prevents radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:78-91. [PMID: 24949841 PMCID: PMC4270160 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Radiation-induced disruption of mitochondrial function can elevate oxidative stress and contribute to the metabolic perturbations believed to compromise the functionality of the central nervous system. To clarify the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in mediating the adverse effects of radiation in the brain, we analyzed transgenic (mitochondrial catalase [MCAT]) mice that overexpress human catalase localized to the mitochondria. RESULTS Compared with wild-type (WT) controls, overexpression of the MCAT transgene significantly decreased cognitive dysfunction after proton irradiation. Significant improvements in behavioral performance found on novel object recognition and object recognition in place tasks were associated with a preservation of neuronal morphology. While the architecture of hippocampal CA1 neurons was significantly compromised in irradiated WT mice, the same neurons in MCAT mice did not exhibit extensive and significant radiation-induced reductions in dendritic complexity. Irradiated neurons from MCAT mice maintained dendritic branching and length compared with WT mice. Protected neuronal morphology in irradiated MCAT mice was also associated with a stabilization of radiation-induced variations in long-term potentiation. Stabilized synaptic activity in MCAT mice coincided with an altered composition of the synaptic AMPA receptor subunits GluR1/2. INNOVATION Our findings provide the first evidence that neurocognitive sequelae associated with radiation exposure can be reduced by overexpression of MCAT, operating through a mechanism involving the preservation of neuronal morphology. CONCLUSION Our article documents the neuroprotective properties of reducing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species through the targeted overexpression of catalase and how this ameliorates the adverse effects of proton irradiation in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipan K. Parihar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Barrett D. Allen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Katherine K. Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Nicole N. Chmielewski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Brianna M. Craver
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Vahan Martirosian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Josh M. Morganti
- Departments of Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science and Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Susanna Rosi
- Departments of Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science and Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Roman Vlkolinsky
- Departments of Radiation Medicine and Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Munjal M. Acharya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Gregory A. Nelson
- Departments of Radiation Medicine and Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Antiño R. Allen
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas Medical School, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Charles L. Limoli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hepel
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Potsdam, Potsdam, New York 13676
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5810
| | - Silvana Andreescu
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Potsdam, Potsdam, New York 13676
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5810
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Guo C, Sun L, Chen X, Zhang D. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage and neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:2003-14. [PMID: 25206509 PMCID: PMC4145906 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.21.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Oxidative stress is characterized by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species, which can induce mitochondrial DNA mutations, damage the mitochondrial respiratory chain, alter membrane permeability, and influence Ca2+ homeostasis and mitochondrial defense systems. All these changes are implicated in the development of these neurodegenerative diseases, mediating or amplifying neuronal dysfunction and triggering neurodegeneration. This paper summarizes the contribution of oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage to the onset of neurodegenerative eases and discusses strategies to modify mitochondrial dysfunction that may be attractive therapeutic interventions for the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Li Sun
- Life Science Research Center, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xueping Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Danshen Zhang
- Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, Hebei Province, China
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DESI-MS as a tool for direct lipid analysis in cultured cells. Cytotechnology 2014; 67:1085-91. [PMID: 24801580 PMCID: PMC4628929 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9734-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Desorption electrospray ionization may be used as a fast and convenient method for analysis and identification of lipids in the cell culture. Oxidative stress, which usually involves changes in lipids, was used as a model of pathology to show the utility of this analysis methodology. This paper addresses the surface preparation of cell culture slides, induction of oxidative stress, and cell monolayer culture preparation as well as optimization of the analysis. Advantages and drawbacks of the method were also discussed.
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Protective and antioxidant effects of a chalconoid from Pulicaria incisa on brain astrocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:694398. [PMID: 24069503 PMCID: PMC3771428 DOI: 10.1155/2013/694398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cells in the brain, protect neurons from reactive oxygen species (ROS) and provide them with trophic support, such as glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Thus, any damage to astrocytes will affect neuronal survival. In the present study, by activity-guided fractionation, we have purified from the desert plant Pulicaria incisa two protective compounds and determined their structures by spectroscopic methods. The compounds were found to be new chalcones—pulichalconoid B and pulichalconoid C. This is the first study to characterize the antioxidant and protective effects of these compounds in any biological system. Using primary cultures of astrocytes, we have found that pulichalconoid B attenuated the accumulation of ROS following treatment of these cells with hydrogen peroxide by 89% and prevented 89% of the H2O2-induced death of astrocytes. Pulichalconoid B exhibited an antioxidant effect both in vitro and in the cellular antioxidant assay in astrocytes and microglial cells. Pulichalconoid B also caused a fourfold increase in GDNF transcription in these cells. Thus, this chalcone deserves further studies in order to evaluate if beneficial therapeutic effect exists.
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Roedding A, Tong S, Au-Yeung W, Li P, Warsh J. Chronic oxidative stress modulates TRPC3 and TRPM2 channel expression and function in rat primary cortical neurons: Relevance to the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. Brain Res 2013; 1517:16-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sun Z, Yathindranath V, Worden M, Thliveris JA, Chu S, Parkinson FE, Hegmann T, Miller DW. Characterization of cellular uptake and toxicity of aminosilane-coated iron oxide nanoparticles with different charges in central nervous system-relevant cell culture models. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:961-70. [PMID: 23494517 PMCID: PMC3593762 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s39048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aminosilane-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (AmS-IONPs) have been widely used in constructing complex and multifunctional drug delivery systems. However, the biocompatibility and uptake characteristics of AmS-IONPs in central nervous system (CNS)-relevant cells are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of surface charge and magnetic field on toxicity and uptake of AmS-IONPs in CNS-relevant cell types. Methods The toxicity and uptake profile of positively charged AmS-IONPs and negatively charged COOH-AmS-IONPs of similar size were examined using a mouse brain microvessel endothelial cell line (bEnd.3) and primary cultured mouse astrocytes and neurons. Cell accumulation of IONPs was examined using the ferrozine assay, and cytotoxicity was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results No toxicity was observed in bEnd.3 cells at concentrations up to 200 μg/mL for either AmS-IONPs or COOH-AmS-IONPs. AmS-IONPs at concentrations above 200 μg/mL reduced neuron viability by 50% in the presence or absence of a magnetic field, while only 20% reductions in viability were observed with COOH-AmS-IONPs. Similar concentrations of AmS-IONPs in astrocyte cultures reduced viability to 75% but only in the presence of a magnetic field, while exposure to COOH-AmS-IONPs reduced viability to 65% and 35% in the absence and presence of a magnetic field, respectively. Cellular accumulation of AmS-IONPs was greater in all cell types examined compared to COOH-AmS-IONPs. Rank order of cellular uptake for AmS-IONPs was astrocytes > bEnd.3 > neurons. Accumulation of COOH-AmS-IONPs was minimal and similar in magnitude in different cell types. Magnetic field exposure enhanced cellular accumulation of both AmS- and COOH-AmS-IONPs. Conclusion Both IONP compositions were nontoxic at concentrations below 100 μg/mL in all cell types examined. At doses above 100 μg/mL, neurons were more sensitive to AmS-IONPs, whereas astrocytes were more vulnerable toward COOH-AmS-IONPs. Toxicity appears to be dependent on the surface coating as opposed to the amount of iron-oxide present in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhi Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Tseng BP, Lan ML, Tran KK, Acharya MM, Giedzinski E, Limoli CL. Characterizing low dose and dose rate effects in rodent and human neural stem cells exposed to proton and gamma irradiation. Redox Biol 2013; 1:153-62. [PMID: 24024148 PMCID: PMC3757683 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Past work has shown that exposure to gamma rays and protons elicit a persistent oxidative stress in rodent and human neural stem cells (hNSCs). We have now adapted these studies to more realistic exposure scenarios in space, using lower doses and dose rates of these radiation modalities, to further elucidate the role of radiation-induced oxidative stress in these cells. Rodent neural stem and precursor cells grown as neurospheres and human neural stem cells grown as monolayers were subjected to acute and multi-dosing paradigms at differing dose rates and analyzed for changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), nitric oxide and superoxide for 2 days after irradiation. While acute exposures led to significant changes in both cell types, hNSCs in particular, exhibited marked and significant elevations in radiation-induced oxidative stress. Elevated oxidative stress was more significant in hNSCs as opposed to their rodent counterparts, and hNSCs were significantly more sensitive to low dose exposures in terms of survival. Combinations of protons and γ-rays delivered as lower priming or higher challenge doses elicited radioadaptive changes that were associated with improved survival, but in general, only under conditions where the levels of reactive species were suppressed compared to cells irradiated acutely. Protective radioadaptive effects on survival were eliminated in the presence of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine, suggesting further that radiation-induced oxidative stress could activate pro-survival signaling pathways that were sensitive to redox state. Data corroborates much of our past work and shows that low dose and dose rate exposures elicit significant changes in oxidative stress that have functional consequences on survival.
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Key Words
- CM-H2DCFDA (or CM), 5-(and 6-) Chloromethyl-2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate
- DAF, 4-Amino-5methylamino-2′,7′-difluorescein diacetate
- DNA damage
- Dose rate
- GCR, Galactic cosmic rays
- HDR, High dose rate
- LDR, Low dose rate
- LET, Linear energy transfer
- MS, Mitosox
- NAC, N-acetylcysteine
- Neural stem cells
- Oxidative stress
- Protons
- RNS, Reactive nitrogen species
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- Radiation
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand P. Tseng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Mary L. Lan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2695, United States
| | - Katherine K. Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2695, United States
| | - Munjal M. Acharya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2695, United States
| | - Erich Giedzinski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2695, United States
| | - Charles L. Limoli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2695, United States
- Correspondence to: Department of Radiation Oncology University of California Irvine, Medical Sciences I, Room B-146B Irvine CA 92697-2695, USA. Tel.: +1 949 824 3053; fax: +1 949 824 3566.
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Antioxidant and astroprotective effects of a Pulicaria incisa infusion. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:157598. [PMID: 23320126 PMCID: PMC3540991 DOI: 10.1155/2012/157598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cells in the brain, protect neurons from reactive oxygen species (ROS) and provide them with trophic support, such as glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Thus, any damage to astrocytes will affect neuronal survival. In the present study, an infusion prepared from the desert plant Pulicaria incisa (Pi) was tested for its protective and antioxidant effects on astrocytes subjected to oxidative stress. The Pi infusion attenuated the intracellular accumulation of ROS following treatment with hydrogen peroxide and zinc and prevented the H(2)O(2)-induced death of astrocytes. The Pi infusion also exhibited an antioxidant effect in vitro and induced GDNF transcription in astrocytes. It is proposed that this Pi infusion be further evaluated for use as a functional beverage for the prevention and/or treatment of brain injuries and neurodegenerative diseases in which oxidative stress plays a role.
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Hamdi Y, Kaddour H, Vaudry D, Bahdoudi S, Douiri S, Leprince J, Castel H, Vaudry H, Tonon MC, Amri M, Masmoudi-Kouki O. The octadecaneuropeptide ODN protects astrocytes against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis via a PKA/MAPK-dependent mechanism. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42498. [PMID: 22927932 PMCID: PMC3424241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes synthesize and release endozepines, a family of regulatory peptides, including the octadecaneuropeptide (ODN) an endogenous ligand of both central-type benzodiazepine (CBR) and metabotropic receptors. We have recently shown that ODN exerts a protective effect against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress in astrocytes. The purpose of the present study was to determine the type of receptor and the transduction pathways involved in the protective effect of ODN in cultured rat astrocytes. We have first observed a protective activity of ODN at very low concentrations that was abrogated by the metabotropic ODN receptor antagonist cyclo1–8[DLeu5]OP, but not by the CBR antagonist flumazenil. We have also found that the metabotropic ODN receptor is positively coupled to adenylyl cyclase in astrocytes and that the glioprotective action of ODN upon H2O2-induced astrocyte death is PKA- and MEK-dependent, but PLC/PKC-independent. Downstream of PKA, ODN induced ERK phosphorylation, which in turn activated the expression of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 and blocked the stimulation by H2O2 of the pro-apoptotic gene Bax. The effect of ODN on the Bax/Bcl-2 balance contributed to abolish the deleterious action of H2O2 on mitochondrial membrane integrity and caspase-3 activation. Finally, the inhibitory effect of ODN on caspase-3 activity was shown to be PKA and MEK-dependent. In conclusion, the present results demonstrate that the potent glioprotective action of ODN against oxidative stress involves the metabotropic ODN receptor coupled to the PKA/ERK-kinase pathway to inhibit caspase-3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Hamdi
- Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology, Research Unit UR/11ES09, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hadhemi Kaddour
- Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology, Research Unit UR/11ES09, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - David Vaudry
- Inserm U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- International Associated Laboratory Samuel de Champlain, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Regional Platform for Cell Imaging of Haute-Normandie (PRIMACEN), Institute for Medical Research and Innovation (IRIB), University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Seyma Bahdoudi
- Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology, Research Unit UR/11ES09, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Salma Douiri
- Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology, Research Unit UR/11ES09, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- Inserm U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- International Associated Laboratory Samuel de Champlain, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Regional Platform for Cell Imaging of Haute-Normandie (PRIMACEN), Institute for Medical Research and Innovation (IRIB), University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Helene Castel
- Inserm U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Hubert Vaudry
- Inserm U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- International Associated Laboratory Samuel de Champlain, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Regional Platform for Cell Imaging of Haute-Normandie (PRIMACEN), Institute for Medical Research and Innovation (IRIB), University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- * E-mail: (MA), (HV)
| | - Marie-Christine Tonon
- Inserm U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Mohamed Amri
- Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology, Research Unit UR/11ES09, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- * E-mail: (MA), (HV)
| | - Olfa Masmoudi-Kouki
- Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology, Research Unit UR/11ES09, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Ehrlich D, Hochstrasser T, Humpel C. Effects of oxidative stress on amyloid precursor protein processing in rat and human platelets. Platelets 2012; 24:26-36. [PMID: 22385218 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2012.661104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative illness affecting the elderly and is characterized by beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition in the brain (plaques) and in microvessels (Aβ-angiopathy). The reasons for Aβ deposition are not clear, but an impaired clearance of Aβ at the blood-brain barrier may be implicated and oxidative stress possibly plays a major role in this process. Platelets are of particular interest, because they contain high levels of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and in AD an abnormal expression of platelets APP fragments was found. The aim of the present study was to investigate (1) if oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) affects APP expression in rat and human platelets and (2) to compare the APP changes with platelets of AD patients. In rat platelets, all three fragments of APP (130-110-106 kilo Dalton, kDa) were found. H(2)O(2) (10 mM, 20 minutes) significantly reduced all three fragments in rat platelets, did not affect CD62P-staining and slightly increased the size of actin as seen in the Western blot. The effect was not seen at 1 mM H(2)O(2) and was counteracted by glutathione. Immunohistochemistry for CD62P, CD61, APP and Annexin-V was used to verify the changes at the cellular level. In platelets of young volunteers (age = 33 ± 4 years), 10 mM H(2)O(2) markedly reduced the smaller APP 110 and 106 kDa fragments after 20 minutes. Our data show that platelets of AD patients (age = 80 ± 1 years) had a significant reduced 130 kDa fragment compared to controls (age = 70 ± 2 years). In summary, oxidative stress may account for a dysfunctional processing of APP in rat and human control platelets and possibly in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ehrlich
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Exp. Alzheimers Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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Effects of andrographolide and 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide on cultured primary astrocytes and PC12 cells. Life Sci 2012; 90:257-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Kabadere S, Oztopcu-Vatan P, Uyar R, Durmaz R. Quercetin both partially attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced toxicity and decreases viability of rat glial cells. ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2011; 62:221-7. [PMID: 21840824 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.62.2011.3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin is one of the most ubiquitous flavonoids in foods of plant origin. Although quercetin is generally considered to provide protection against oxidative injury, recent studies have shown to be cytotoxic to many cell types. We intended here to determine whether quercetin protects against H2O2-induced toxicity and/or affects viability of rat mixed glial cells. The cells were obtained from 1-3 day olds rat brains and incubated in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2, at 37 °C in flasks. In the quercetin groups, different quercetin concentrations (1, 10, 50, 75 or 100 μM) were applied alone for 24 h. For H2O2 cytotoxicity group, the glial cells were treated for 3 h with 100 μM H2O2 which induced 75% cell death. In another group, the cells were treated with 100 μM H2O2 plus respective quercetin concentrations simultaneously for 3 h, the medium was removed and refed for 24 h. MTT test was then applied and statistical significance was ascertained by one way analysis of variance, followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test. Quercetin starting from 50 μM decreased the glia survival significantly. In H2O2 plus quercetin co-treated groups, both 75 and 100 μM quercetin attenuated toxic effect of H2O2 by 15%. In conclusion, quercetin both partially protects H2O2-induced gliotoxicity and decreases rat glial cell viability in primary culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selda Kabadere
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University Department of Physiology Meselik, Eskisehir Turkey
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Byun YJ, Lee SB, Lee HO, Son MJ, Kim HS, Kwon OJ, Jeong SW. Vacuolar H+-ATPase c protects glial cell death induced by sodium nitroprusside under glutathione-depleted condition. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:1985-96. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Hamdi Y, Masmoudi-Kouki O, Kaddour H, Belhadj F, Gandolfo P, Vaudry D, Mokni M, Leprince J, Hachem R, Vaudry H, Tonon MC, Amri M. Protective effect of the octadecaneuropeptide on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and cell death in cultured rat astrocytes. J Neurochem 2011; 118:416-28. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07315.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Masmoudi-Kouki O, Douiri S, Hamdi Y, Kaddour H, Bahdoudi S, Vaudry D, Basille M, Leprince J, Fournier A, Vaudry H, Tonon MC, Amri M. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide protects astroglial cells against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. J Neurochem 2011; 117:403-11. [PMID: 21244427 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, associated with a variety of disorders including neurodegenerative diseases, results from accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative stress is not only responsible for neuron apoptosis, but can also provoke astroglial cell death. Numerous studies indicate that pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) promotes neuron survival, but nothing is known regarding the action of PACAP on astroglial cell survival. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential glioprotective effect of PACAP on H(2)O(2)-induced astrocyte death. Pre-treatment of cultured rat astrocytes with nanomolar concentrations of PACAP prevented cell death provoked by H(2)O(2) (300 μM), whereas vasoactive intestinal polypeptide was devoid of protective activity. The effect of PACAP on astroglial cell survival was abolished by the type 1 PACAP receptor antagonist, PACAP6-38. The protective action of PACAP was blocked by the protein kinase A inhibitor H89, the protein kinase C inhibitor chelerythrine and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP)-kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor U0126. PACAP stimulated glutathione formation, and blocked H(2)O(2)-evoked ROS accumulation and glutathione content reduction. In addition, PACAP prevented the decrease of mitochondrial activity and caspase 3 activation induced by H(2)O(2). Taken together, these data indicate for the first time that PACAP, acting through type 1 PACAP receptor, exerts a potent protective effect against oxidative stress-induced astrocyte death. The anti-apoptotic activity of PACAP on astrocytes is mediated through the protein kinase A, protein kinase C and MAPK transduction pathways, and can be accounted for by inhibition of ROS-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions and caspase 3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Masmoudi-Kouki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Masanetz S, Lehmann MH. HIV-1 Nef increases astrocyte sensitivity towards exogenous hydrogen peroxide. Virol J 2011; 8:35. [PMID: 21255447 PMCID: PMC3038946 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background HIV-1 infected individuals are under chronic exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS) considered to be instrumental in the progression of AIDS and the development of HIV-1 associated dementia (HAD). Astrocytes support neuronal function and protect them against cytotoxic substances including ROS. The protein HIV-1 Nef, a progression factor in AIDS pathology is abundantly expressed in astrocytes in patients with HAD, and thus may influence its functions. Results Endogenous expressed HIV-1 Nef leads to increased sensitivity of human astrocytes towards exogenous hydrogen peroxide but not towards TNF-alpha. Cell death of nef-expressing astrocytes exposed to 10 μM hydrogen peroxide for 30 min occurred within 4 h. Conclusion HIV-1 Nef may contribute to neuronal dysfunction and the development of HAD by causing death of astrocytes through decreasing their tolerance for hydrogen peroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Masanetz
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, 81675 Munich, Germany
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Silymarin protects spinal cord and cortical cells against oxidative stress and lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Neurochem Int 2010; 57:867-75. [PMID: 20868716 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Contusive spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event which leads to a loss of neurological function below the level of injury. A secondary degenerative process is initiated following acute SCI. This secondary cascade provides opportunities for the delivery of therapeutic interventions. Silymarin, a widely used "liver herb", is frequently used for the protection against various hepatobiliary problems. However, the effectiveness of silymarin in central nervous system (CNS), especially in spinal cord, is not firmly established. The present work evaluates the effects of silymarin and its major constituent, silybin, on oxidative stress and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in primary neuronal/glial cell cultures and in vivo. Silymarin or silybin inhibited glial cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, it protected glial cells against peroxide-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, ATP depletion, and cell damage. Interestingly, the inhibition of peroxide-induced ROS by silybin could be partially attenuated by inhibitors of NFκB or protein kinase C (PKC), suggesting an involvement of NFκB and PKC signaling pathways. In mixed neuronal/glial cell cultures from cerebral cortex or spinal cord, silymarin or silybin effectively attenuated peroxide-induced ROS formation, with silymarin being more effective than silybin, implicating other constituents of silymarin that may be involved. Consistently, silymarin reduced LPS-induced injures in spinal neuronal/glial cell cultures. In vivo, intrathecal administration of silymarin immediately after eliciting contusive SCI effectively improved hindlimb locomotor behavior in the rats. Taken together, silymarin or silybin shows promise in protecting the CNS cells from toxin- or injury-induced damages and might be used to treat head- or spinal cord-injuries related to free radical assault.
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Klawitter J, Gottschalk S, Hainz C, Leibfritz D, Christians U, Serkova NJ. Immunosuppressant neurotoxicity in rat brain models: oxidative stress and cellular metabolism. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 23:608-19. [PMID: 20148532 DOI: 10.1021/tx900351q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Coadministration of the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine (CsA) and the mTOR inhibitors sirolimus (SRL) or everolimus (RAD) increases the efficacy of immunosuppression after organ transplantation. Neurotoxicity of CsA is a major clinical problem. Our goal was to assess the effects of CsA, SRL, and RAD on brain cell metabolism. The studies included the comparison of immunosuppressant-mediated effects on glucose metabolism, energy production, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in perfused rat brain slices, primary rat astrocytes, and C6 glioma cells. In brain slices and astrocytes, CsA inhibited Krebs cycle metabolism, while activating anaerobic glycolysis, most likely to compensate for the inhibition of mitochondrial energy production. SRL and RAD inhibited cytosolic glycolysis but did not cause changes in mitochondrial energy production. CsA + SRL inhibited Krebs cycle and glycolysis, thus reducing the ability of the cell to compensate for the negative effects of CsA on mitochondrial nucleoside triphosphate synthesis. In contrast to SRL at the concentrations tested, RAD reduced the CsA-induced ROS formation and antagonized CsA-induced effects on glucose and energy metabolism. Surprisingly, in C6 cells, SRL and RAD exposure resulted in high ROS concentrations without significant impairment of cell metabolism. Our results suggested that SRL enhances CsA-induced ROS formation and negative metabolic effects in brain cells, while RAD seems to antagonize the CsA effects. However, the three models showed different metabolic responses when challenged with the study drugs. In contrast to SRL, RAD enhances ROS formation in C6 glioma cells but has only minor effects on normal rat brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Klawitter
- Clinical Research & Development, Department of Anesthesiology, and University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA.
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Liddell JR, Zwingmann C, Schmidt MM, Thiessen A, Leibfritz D, Robinson SR, Dringen R. Sustained hydrogen peroxide stress decreases lactate production by cultured astrocytes. J Neurosci Res 2010; 87:2696-708. [PMID: 19382228 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and disrupted energy metabolism are common to many pathological conditions of the brain. Because astrocytes play an important role in the glucose metabolism of the brain, we have investigated whether sustained oxidative stress affects astroglial glucose metabolism with cultured primary rat astrocytes as a model system. Cultured astrocytes were exposed to a sustained concentration of approximately 50 muM H(2)O(2) in the presence of [U-(13)C]glucose, and cellular and extracellular contents of lactate and glucose were analysed by enzymatic assays and NMR spectroscopy. Exposure of the cells to sustained H(2)O(2) stress for up to 120 min significantly lowered the rate of lactate accumulation in the media to 61% +/- 14% of that in cultures incubated without peroxide. In addition, the ratio of lactate release to glucose consumption was lowered in peroxide-treated astrocytes to 77% +/- 13% of that in control cells, and the specific activity of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase had declined to about 10% of control cells within 90 min. In addition, the (13)C enrichment of intracellular and extracellular [(13)C]lactate was about 30% and 95%, respectively, and was not affected by the presence of peroxide, demonstrating that two metabolic pools of lactate are present in cultured astrocytes. The decreased rate of lactate production by astrocytes that have been exposed to peroxide stress is a new example of an alteration by oxidative stress of an important metabolic pathway in astrocytes. Such alterations could contribute to the pathological conditions that have been connected with oxidative stress and disrupted energy metabolism in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff R Liddell
- School of Psychology, Psychiatry, and Psychological Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Reichelt ME, Shanu A, Willems L, Witting PK, Ellis NA, Blackburn MR, Headrick JP. Endogenous adenosine selectively modulates oxidant stress via the A1 receptor in ischemic hearts. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11:2641-50. [PMID: 19552606 PMCID: PMC2861535 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We tested the impact of A1 adenosine receptor (AR) deletion on injury and oxidant damage in mouse hearts subjected to 25-min ischemia/45-min reperfusion (I/R). Wild-type hearts recovered approximately 50% of contractile function and released 8.2 +/- 0.7 IU/g of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). A1AR deletion worsened dysfunction and LDH efflux (15.2 +/- 2.6 IU/g). Tissue cholesterol and native cholesteryl esters were unchanged, whereas cholesteryl ester-derived lipid hydroperoxides and hydroxides (CE-O(O)H; a marker of lipid oxidation) increased threefold, and alpha-tocopherylquinone [alpha-TQ; oxidation product of alpha-tocopherol (alpha-TOH)] increased sixfold. Elevations in alpha-TQ were augmented by two- to threefold by A1AR deletion, whereas CE-O(O)H was unaltered. A(1)AR deletion also decreased glutathione redox status ([GSH]/[GSSG + GSH]) and enhanced expression of the antioxidant response element heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) during I/R: fourfold elevations in HO-1 mRNA and activity were doubled by A1AR deletion. Broad-spectrum AR agonism (10 microM 2-chloroadenosine; 2-CAD) countered effects of A1AR deletion on oxidant damage, HO-1, and tissue injury, indicating that additional ARs (A(2A), A(2B), and/or A3) can mediate similar actions. These data reveal that local adenosine engages A1ARs during I/R to limit oxidant damage and enhance outcome selectively. Control of alpha-TOH/alpha-TQ levels may contribute to A1AR-dependent cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E Reichelt
- Heart Foundation Research Center, Griffith University , Southport, Queensland, Australia.
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Cyclosporine A reduces dendritic outgrowth of neuroblasts in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in C57BL/6 mice. Neurochem Res 2009; 35:465-72. [PMID: 19856205 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-009-0082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we observed the effects of cyclosporine A (CsA), an efficient immunosuppressant, on cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus (SZDG) in normal C57BL/6 mice using Ki67 and doublecortin (DCX) immunohistochemical staining, respectively. At 8 weeks of age, vehicle (physiological saline) or CsA was daily administered (40 mg/kg, i.p.) for 1 week. Animals were sacrificed at 2 weeks after last administration. CsA treatment did not show any influences in neurons, astrocytes and microglia based on immunohistochemistry for its markers, respectively. However, in the CsA-treated group, Fluoro-Jade B, a marker for neurodegeneration, positive cells were found in the SZDG, not in the vehicle-treated group. In the vehicle-treated group, Ki67 immunoreactive (+) nuclei were clustered in the SZDG, whereas in the CsA-treated group Ki67(+) nuclei were scattered in the SZDG, showing no difference in cell numbers. Numbers of DCX(+) neuroblasts with well-developed processes (tertiary dendrites) were much lower in the CsA-treated group than those in the vehicle-treated group; however, numbers of DCX(+) neuroblasts with secondary dendrites were similar in both the groups. These results suggest that CsA significantly reduces dendritic outgrowth and complexity from neuroblasts in the SZDG without any affecting in neurons, astrocytes and microglia in normal mice.
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Miller VM, Lawrence DA, Mondal TK, Seegal RF. Reduced glutathione is highly expressed in white matter and neurons in the unperturbed mouse brain--implications for oxidative stress associated with neurodegeneration. Brain Res 2009; 1276:22-30. [PMID: 19393633 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Revised: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 04/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. The depletion of glutathione (GSH) a powerful antioxidant renders cells particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress. Isolated neuronal and glial cell culture studies suggest that glia rather than neurons have greatest reserves of GSH, implying that neurons are most sensitive to oxidative stress. However, pathological in vivo studies suggest that GSH associated enzymes are elevated in neurons rather than astrocytes. The active, reduced form of GSH is rapidly degraded thus making it difficult to identify the location of GSH in post-mortem tissue. Therefore, to determine whether GSH is more highly expressed in neurons or astrocytes we perfused mouse brains with a solution containing NEM which reacts with the sulfhydryl group of GSH, thus locking the active form in situ, prior to immunostaining with an anti-GS-NEM antibody. We obtained brightfield and fluorescent digital images of sections stained with DAPI and antibodies directed against GS-NEM, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in regions containing the hippocampus, striatum, frontal cortex, midbrain nuclei, cerebellum and reticular formation neurons. GSH was most abundant in neurons and white matter in all brain regions, and only in occasional astrocytes lining the third and fourth ventricles. High levels of GSH in neurons and white matter, suggests astrocytes rather than neurons may be particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Miller
- Biggs Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12201, USA.
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Bastian S, Busch W, Kühnel D, Springer A, Meißner T, Holke R, Scholz S, Iwe M, Pompe W, Gelinsky M, Potthoff A, Richter V, Ikonomidou C, Schirmer K. Toxicity of tungsten carbide and cobalt-doped tungsten carbide nanoparticles in mammalian cells in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2009; 117:530-6. [PMID: 19440490 PMCID: PMC2679595 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0800121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tungsten carbide nanoparticles are being explored for their use in the manufacture of hard metals. To develop nanoparticles for broad applications, potential risks to human health and the environment should be evaluated and taken into consideration. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the toxicity of well-characterized tungsten carbide (WC) and cobalt-doped tungsten carbide (WC-Co) nanoparticle suspensions in an array of mammalian cells. METHODS We examined acute toxicity of WC and of WC-Co (10% weight content Co) nanoparticles in different human cell lines (lung, skin, and colon) as well as in rat neuronal and glial cells (i.e., primary neuronal and astroglial cultures and the oligodendrocyte precursor cell line OLN-93). Furthermore, using electron microscopy, we assessed whether nanoparticles can be taken up by living cells. We chose these in vitro systems in order to evaluate for potential toxicity of the nanoparticles in different mammalian organs (i.e., lung, skin, intestine, and brain). RESULTS Chemical-physical characterization confirmed that WC as well as WC-Co nanoparticles with a mean particle size of 145 nm form stable suspensions in serum-containing cell culture media. WC nanoparticles were not acutely toxic to the studied cell lines. However, cytotoxicity became apparent when particles were doped with Co. The most sensitive were astrocytes and colon epithelial cells. Cytotoxicity of WC-Co nanoparticles was higher than expected based on the ionic Co content of the particles. Analysis by electron microscopy demonstrated presence of WC nanoparticles within mammalian cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that doping of WC nanoparticles with Co markedly increases their cytotoxic effect and that the presence of WC-Co in particulate form is essential to elicit this combinatorial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bastian
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children’s Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wibke Busch
- Department of Cell Toxicology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dana Kühnel
- Department of Cell Toxicology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Armin Springer
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Institute of Materials Science, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias Meißner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, Dresden, Germany
| | - Roland Holke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Scholz
- Department of Cell Toxicology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Iwe
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children’s Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Pompe
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Institute of Materials Science, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Institute of Materials Science, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Annegret Potthoff
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, Dresden, Germany
| | - Volkmar Richter
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chrysanthy Ikonomidou
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children’s Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristin Schirmer
- Department of Cell Toxicology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Address correspondence to K. Schirmer, Environmental Toxicology, Eawag, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland. Telephone: 41-0-44-823-5266., Fax: 41-0-44-823-5311., E-mail:
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Exposure to diphenyl ditelluride, via maternal milk, causes oxidative stress in cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum of young rats. Arch Toxicol 2008; 83:485-91. [PMID: 19050851 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-008-0392-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 11/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effect of diphenyl ditelluride [(PhTe)(2)] exposure to mothers on the cerebral oxidative status of their offspring. The dams received (PhTe)(2) or canola oil via subcutaneous injection once daily during the first 14 days of lactational period. At post natal day 28, biochemical parameters of oxidative stress were evaluated in cerebral structures-cortex, hippocampus and striatum-of young rats. Exposure to (PhTe)(2) increased lipid peroxidation levels and inhibited delta-ALA-D, catalase and SOD activities in hippocampus and striatum of young rats. (PhTe)(2) induced changes in the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses in cortex and striatum of young rats. The exposure to (PhTe)(2), via maternal milk, caused oxidative stress in cerebral structures of young rats. Thus, the possible role of disrupted prooxidant/antioxidant balance in (PhTe)(2) toxicity was demonstrated. These results highlighted a possible molecular mechanism involved in toxicity caused by (PhTe)(2).
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