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Liu C, Zhang J, Qi Z, Yue W, Yuan Y, Jiang T, Zhang S, Zhang S. Therapy effect of cochleural alternating acoustic beam therapy versus traditional sound therapy for managing chronic idiopathic tinnitus patients. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5900. [PMID: 38467716 PMCID: PMC10928112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55866-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic tinnitus is a common and complex disorder with no established cure. The CAABT (Cochleural Alternating Acoustic Beam Therapy CAABT), is a personalized sound therapy designed to target specific tinnitus frequencies and effectively intervene in tinnitus according to clinical tinnitus assessment. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the CAABT and Traditional Sound Therapy (TST) in managing chronic idiopathic tinnitus. This was a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, single-center prospective study. Sixty adult patients with tinnitus were recruited and randomly assigned to the CAABT or TST group in a 1:1 ratio using a computer-generated randomization. The treatment lasted for 12 weeks, and participants underwent assessments using the tinnitus handicap inventory (THI), visual analog scale (VAS), tinnitus loudness measurements, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Both groups showed significant reductions in THI scores, VAS scores, and tinnitus loudness after treatment. However, CAABT showed superiority to TST in THI Functional (p = 0.018), THI Emotional (p = 0.015), THI Catastrophic (p = 0.022), THI total score (p = 0.005) as well as VAS score (p = 0.022). More interesting, CAABT showed superiority to TST in the changes of THI scores, and VAS scores from baseline. The rs-fMRI results showed significant changes in the precuneus before and after treatment in both groups. Moreover, the CAABT group showed more changes in brain regions compared to the TST. No side effects were observed. These findings suggest that CAABT may be a promising treatment option for chronic idiopathic tinnitus, providing significant improvements in tinnitus-related symptoms and brain activity.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT02774122.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, 067000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, 067000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Qi
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, 067000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Yue
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, 067000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, 067000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Jiang
- The Labs of Micro-DSP Technology LTD, Fl 10, Tower C, 136 Bin Jiang Dong Lu, Chengdu, 610021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenglin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, 067000, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, 067000, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
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Wikman P, Salmela V, Sjöblom E, Leminen M, Laine M, Alho K. Attention to audiovisual speech shapes neural processing through feedback-feedforward loops between different nodes of the speech network. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002534. [PMID: 38466713 PMCID: PMC10957087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Selective attention-related top-down modulation plays a significant role in separating relevant speech from irrelevant background speech when vocal attributes separating concurrent speakers are small and continuously evolving. Electrophysiological studies have shown that such top-down modulation enhances neural tracking of attended speech. Yet, the specific cortical regions involved remain unclear due to the limited spatial resolution of most electrophysiological techniques. To overcome such limitations, we collected both electroencephalography (EEG) (high temporal resolution) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (high spatial resolution), while human participants selectively attended to speakers in audiovisual scenes containing overlapping cocktail party speech. To utilise the advantages of the respective techniques, we analysed neural tracking of speech using the EEG data and performed representational dissimilarity-based EEG-fMRI fusion. We observed that attention enhanced neural tracking and modulated EEG correlates throughout the latencies studied. Further, attention-related enhancement of neural tracking fluctuated in predictable temporal profiles. We discuss how such temporal dynamics could arise from a combination of interactions between attention and prediction as well as plastic properties of the auditory cortex. EEG-fMRI fusion revealed attention-related iterative feedforward-feedback loops between hierarchically organised nodes of the ventral auditory object related processing stream. Our findings support models where attention facilitates dynamic neural changes in the auditory cortex, ultimately aiding discrimination of relevant sounds from irrelevant ones while conserving neural resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Wikman
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Viljami Salmela
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Eetu Sjöblom
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miika Leminen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- AI and Analytics Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Laine
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Kimmo Alho
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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Li D, Hou D, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Cui X, Niu Y, Xiang J, Wang B. Aberrant Functional Connectivity in Core-Periphery Structure Based on WSBM in ADHD. J Atten Disord 2024; 28:415-430. [PMID: 38102929 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231214985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain network studies have revealed that the community structure of ADHD is altered. However, these studies have only focused on modular community structure, ignoring the core-periphery community structure. METHOD This paper employed the weighted stochastic block model to divide the functional connectivity (FC) into 10 communities. And we adopted core score to define the core-periphery structure of FC. Finally, connectivity strength (CS) and disruption index (DI) were used to evaluate the changes of core-periphery structure in ADHD. RESULTS The core community of visual network showed reduced CS and a positive value of DI, while the CS of periphery community was enhanced. In addition, the interaction between core communities (involving the sensorimotor and visual network) and periphery community of attention network showed increased CS and a negative valve of DI. CONCLUSION Anomalies in core-periphery community structure provide a new perspective for understanding the community structure of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, China
| | - Dianni Hou
- Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, China
| | | | - Yao Zhao
- Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, China
| | | | - Yan Niu
- Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, China
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Park HRP, Chilver MR, Quidé Y, Montalto A, Schofield PR, Williams LM, Gatt JM. Heritability of cognitive and emotion processing during functional MRI in a twin sample. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26557. [PMID: 38224545 PMCID: PMC10785190 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite compelling evidence that brain structure is heritable, the evidence for the heritability of task-evoked brain function is less robust. Findings from previous studies are inconsistent possibly reflecting small samples and methodological variations. In a large national twin sample, we systematically evaluated heritability of task-evoked brain activity derived from functional magnetic resonance imaging. We used established standardised tasks to engage brain regions involved in cognitive and emotional functions. Heritability was evaluated across a conscious and nonconscious Facial Expressions of Emotion Task (FEET), selective attention Oddball Task, N-back task of working memory maintenance, and a Go-NoGo cognitive control task in a sample of Australian adult twins (N ranged from 136 to 226 participants depending on the task and pairs). Two methods for quantifying associations of heritability and brain activity were utilised; a multivariate independent component analysis (ICA) approach and a univariate brain region-of-interest (ROI) approach. Using ICA, we observed that a significant proportion of task-evoked brain activity was heritable, with estimates ranging from 23% to 26% for activity elicited by nonconscious facial emotion stimuli, 27% to 34% for N-back working memory maintenance and sustained attention, and 32% to 33% for selective attention in the Oddball task. Using the ROI approach, we found that activity of regions specifically implicated in emotion processing and selective attention showed significant heritability for three ROIs, including estimates of 33%-34% for the left and right amygdala in the nonconscious processing of sad faces and 29% in the medial superior prefrontal cortex for the Oddball task. Although both approaches show similar levels of heritability for the Nonconscious Faces and Oddball tasks, ICA results displayed a more extensive network of heritable brain function, including additional regions beyond the ROI analysis. Furthermore, multivariate twin modelling of both ICA networks and ROI activation suggested a mix of common genetic and unique environmental factors that contribute to the associations between networks/regions. Together, the results indicate a complex relationship between genetic factors and environmental interactions that ultimately give rise to neural activation underlying cognition and emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeme R. P. Park
- Neuroscience Research AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of PsychologyUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Miranda R. Chilver
- Neuroscience Research AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of PsychologyUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Yann Quidé
- Neuroscience Research AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of PsychologyUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Arthur Montalto
- Neuroscience Research AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of PsychologyUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Peter R. Schofield
- Neuroscience Research AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Leanne M. Williams
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of MedicineStanford UniversityCaliforniaUSA
| | - Justine M. Gatt
- Neuroscience Research AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of PsychologyUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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Morales S, Bowers ME, Leach SC, Buzzell GA, McSweeney M, Yoder L, Fifer W, Elliott AJ, Fox NA. Development of auditory change-detection and attentional capture, and their relation to inhibitory control. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14211. [PMID: 36350009 PMCID: PMC10324628 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
EEG methods offer a promising approach to study the development of attention or attention-related processes such as change-detection and attentional capture. However, the development of these attention processes from early to middle childhood is not well understood. In the current study, we utilized a passive three-stimulus oddball paradigm to examine age-related changes in auditory change-detection and attentional capture in a large sample of children across childhood (N = 475; 249 female, 226 male; Mage = 6.71; SDage = 2.22; Rangeage = 4.01-11.5 years). Conventional ERP analyses revealed no age-related changes in change detection (mismatch negativity) and attentional capture (P3a) components, but we observed age-related reductions in late automatic processing of auditory change (late discriminative negativity). However, when utilizing time-frequency analyses, we observed developmental increases in frontocentral signal strength (power) and consistency (inter-trial phase synchrony) in delta and theta bands in response to novel sounds. Such frontocentral delta/theta responses have been linked in prior work to cognitive control. To further examine this possibility, we examined relations with inhibitory control. Results revealed that increased consistency in theta in response to novel sounds was related to improved inhibitory control. Together, our results advance our understanding of the development of attention in childhood. Moreover, they demonstrate the contributions of time-frequency approaches to studying neurocognitive development. Finally, our results highlight the utility of neuroimaging paradigms that have low cognitive and motor demands to study the development of psychological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Morales
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, The University of Maryland – College Park
| | - Maureen E. Bowers
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, The University of Maryland – College Park
| | - Stephanie C. Leach
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, The University of Maryland – College Park
| | - George A. Buzzell
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University
- Center for Children and Families, Miami, Florida
| | - Marco McSweeney
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, The University of Maryland – College Park
| | - Lydia Yoder
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, The University of Maryland – College Park
| | | | - Amy J. Elliott
- Avera Research Institute
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota School of Medicine
| | - Nathan A. Fox
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, The University of Maryland – College Park
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Manting CL, Gulyas B, Ullén F, Lundqvist D. Steady-state responses to concurrent melodies: source distribution, top-down, and bottom-up attention. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:3053-3066. [PMID: 35858223 PMCID: PMC10016039 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans can direct attentional resources to a single sound occurring simultaneously among others to extract the most behaviourally relevant information present. To investigate this cognitive phenomenon in a precise manner, we used frequency-tagging to separate neural auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) that can be traced back to each auditory stimulus, from the neural mix elicited by multiple simultaneous sounds. Using a mixture of 2 frequency-tagged melody streams, we instructed participants to selectively attend to one stream or the other while following the development of the pitch contour. Bottom-up attention towards either stream was also manipulated with salient changes in pitch. Distributed source analyses of magnetoencephalography measurements showed that the effect of ASSR enhancement from top-down driven attention was strongest at the left frontal cortex, while that of bottom-up driven attention was dominant at the right temporal cortex. Furthermore, the degree of ASSR suppression from simultaneous stimuli varied across cortical lobes and hemisphere. The ASSR source distribution changes from temporal-dominance during single-stream perception, to proportionally more activity in the frontal and centro-parietal cortical regions when listening to simultaneous streams. These findings are a step forward to studying cognition in more complex and naturalistic soundscapes using frequency-tagging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Balazs Gulyas
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Centre (CoNiC), Lee Kong Chien School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Fredrik Ullén
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt 60322, Germany
| | - Daniel Lundqvist
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
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Brain alterations in patients with intractable tinnitus before and after rTMS: A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2023; 227:107664. [PMID: 36868087 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.107664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe abnormal tinnitus activity by evaluating the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) changes in the brain was which detected by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in patients with intractable tinnitus before and after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). We hypothesized that rTMS could progressively revert local brain function back to a relatively normal range. METHODS This prospective observational research study recruited 25 patients with intractable tinnitus, with 28 healthy controls matched by age, sex, and education level. Participants' Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) scores and the visual analog scale (VAS) were used to determine the severity of their tinnitus before and after treatment. We processed the brain spontaneous neural activity of intractable tinnitus patients by ALFF, then, we determined its association with clinically evaluated indicators of intractable tinnitus. RESULTS The total and the three sub-modules (functional [F], emotional [E], and catastrophic [C]) score of the THI and VAS in patients with intractable tinnitus decreased after treatment (P < 0.001). The effective rate of tinnitus patients was 66.9%. A few patients had a slight left facial muscle tremor or temporary mild scalp pain during treatment. Compared with healthy controls, participants with tinnitus significantly reduced ALFF within the left and right medial superior frontal gyrus (P < 0.005). After rTMS treatment, the left fusiform gyrus and right superior cerebellar lobe increased ALFF in those with tinnitus (P < 0.005). The changes in THI, VAS, and ALFF were positively correlated (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION RTMS is effective in the treatment of tinnitus. It significantly reduces the THI/VAS score and improves the symptoms of tinnitus. No serious adverse reaction during rTMS were reported. The changes in the left fusiform gyrus and right superior part of the cerebellum may explain the mechanism of rTMS treatment in intractable tinnitus.
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Azaiez N, Loberg O, Hämäläinen JA, Leppänen PHT. Auditory P3a response to native and foreign speech in children with or without attentional deficit. Neuropsychologia 2023; 183:108506. [PMID: 36773807 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the attentional mechanism in speech processing of native and foreign language in children with and without attentional deficit. For this purpose, the P3a component, cognitive neuromarker of the attentional processes, was investigated in a two-sequence two-deviant oddball paradigm using Finnish and English speech items via event-related potentials (ERP) technique. The difference waves reflected the temporal brain dynamics of the P3a response in native and foreign language contexts. Cluster-based permutation tests evaluated the group differences over the P3a time window. A correlation analysis was conducted between the P3a response and the attention score (ATTEX) to evaluate whether the behavioral assessment reflected the neural activity. The source reconstruction method (CLARA) was used to investigate the neural origins of the attentional differences between groups and conditions. The ERP results showed a larger P3a response in the group of children with attentional problems (AP) compared to controls (CTR). The P3a response differed statistically between the two groups in the native language processing, but not in the foreign language. The ATTEX score correlated with the P3a amplitude in the native language contrasts. The correlation analyses hint at some hemispheric brain activity difference in the frontal area. The group-level CLARA reconstruction showed activation in the speech perception and attention networks over the frontal, parietal, and temporal areas. Differences in activations of these networks were found between the groups and conditions, with the AP group showing higher activity in the source level, being the origin of the ERP enhancement observed on the scalp level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla Azaiez
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Otto Loberg
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, United Kingdom
| | - Jarmo A Hämäläinen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland; Jyväskylä Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Paavo H T Leppänen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland; Jyväskylä Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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Harrison J, Archer-Boyd AW, Francombe J, Pike C, Murphy DT. The relationship between environmental context and attentional engagement in podcast listening experiences. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1074320. [PMID: 36726519 PMCID: PMC9885971 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1074320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous research has shown that podcasts are most frequently consumed using mobile listening devices across a wide variety of environmental, situational, and social contexts. To date, no studies have investigated how an individual's environmental context might influence their attentional engagement in podcast listening experiences. Improving understanding of the contexts in which episodes of listening take place, and how they might affect listener engagement, could be highly valuable to researchers and producers working in the fields of object-based and personalized media. Methods An online questionnaire on listening habits and behaviors was distributed to a sample of 264 podcast listeners. An exploratory factor analysis was run to identify factors of environmental context that influence attentional engagement in podcast listening experiences. Five aspects of podcast listening engagement were also defined and measured across the sample. Results The exploratory factor analysis revealed five factors of environmental context labeled as: outdoors, indoors & at home, evenings, soundscape & at work, and exercise. The aspects of podcast listening engagement provided a comprehensive quantitative account of contemporary podcast listening experiences. Discussion The results presented support the hypothesis that elements of a listener's environmental context can influence their attentional engagement in podcast listening experiences. The soundscape & at work factor suggests that some listeners actively choose to consume podcasts to mask disturbing stimuli in their surrounding soundscape. Further analysis suggested that the proposed factors of environmental context were positively correlated with the measured aspects of podcast listening engagement. The results are highly pertinent to the fields of podcast studies, mobile listening experiences, and personalized media, and provide a basis for researchers seeking to explore how other forms of listening context might influence attentional engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Harrison
- AudioLab, School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Jay Harrison ✉
| | | | - Jon Francombe
- BBC Research and Development, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Pike
- BBC Research and Development, London, United Kingdom
| | - Damian T. Murphy
- AudioLab, School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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Interaction of bottom-up and top-down neural mechanisms in spatial multi-talker speech perception. Curr Biol 2022; 32:3971-3986.e4. [PMID: 35973430 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
How the human auditory cortex represents spatially separated simultaneous talkers and how talkers' locations and voices modulate the neural representations of attended and unattended speech are unclear. Here, we measured the neural responses from electrodes implanted in neurosurgical patients as they performed single-talker and multi-talker speech perception tasks. We found that spatial separation between talkers caused a preferential encoding of the contralateral speech in Heschl's gyrus (HG), planum temporale (PT), and superior temporal gyrus (STG). Location and spectrotemporal features were encoded in different aspects of the neural response. Specifically, the talker's location changed the mean response level, whereas the talker's spectrotemporal features altered the variation of response around response's baseline. These components were differentially modulated by the attended talker's voice or location, which improved the population decoding of attended speech features. Attentional modulation due to the talker's voice only appeared in the auditory areas with longer latencies, but attentional modulation due to location was present throughout. Our results show that spatial multi-talker speech perception relies upon a separable pre-attentive neural representation, which could be further tuned by top-down attention to the location and voice of the talker.
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11
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Zhou D, Zhang G, Dang J, Unoki M, Liu X. Detection of Brain Network Communities During Natural Speech Comprehension From Functionally Aligned EEG Sources. Front Comput Neurosci 2022; 16:919215. [PMID: 35874316 PMCID: PMC9301328 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2022.919215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, electroencephalograph (EEG) studies on speech comprehension have been extended from a controlled paradigm to a natural paradigm. Under the hypothesis that the brain can be approximated as a linear time-invariant system, the neural response to natural speech has been investigated extensively using temporal response functions (TRFs). However, most studies have modeled TRFs in the electrode space, which is a mixture of brain sources and thus cannot fully reveal the functional mechanism underlying speech comprehension. In this paper, we propose methods for investigating the brain networks of natural speech comprehension using TRFs on the basis of EEG source reconstruction. We first propose a functional hyper-alignment method with an additive average method to reduce EEG noise. Then, we reconstruct neural sources within the brain based on the EEG signals to estimate TRFs from speech stimuli to source areas, and then investigate the brain networks in the neural source space on the basis of the community detection method. To evaluate TRF-based brain networks, EEG data were recorded in story listening tasks with normal speech and time-reversed speech. To obtain reliable structures of brain networks, we detected TRF-based communities from multiple scales. As a result, the proposed functional hyper-alignment method could effectively reduce the noise caused by individual settings in an EEG experiment and thus improve the accuracy of source reconstruction. The detected brain networks for normal speech comprehension were clearly distinctive from those for non-semantically driven (time-reversed speech) audio processing. Our result indicates that the proposed source TRFs can reflect the cognitive processing of spoken language and that the multi-scale community detection method is powerful for investigating brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhou
- School of Information Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Gaoyan Zhang
- College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cognitive Computing and Application, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Gaoyan Zhang
| | - Jianwu Dang
- School of Information Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Ishikawa, Japan
- College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cognitive Computing and Application, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Jianwu Dang
| | - Masashi Unoki
- School of Information Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Information Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Ishikawa, Japan
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Possible Event-Related Potential Correlates of Voluntary Attention and Reflexive Attention in the Emei Music Frog. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060879. [PMID: 35741400 PMCID: PMC9219635 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary We investigated auditory event-related potentials (ERP) related to auditory attention in music frogs. Our objective was to explore whether ERP components related to voluntary attention and reflexive attention exist in frogs. We found that the amplitudes of stimulus preceding negativity (SPN, related to voluntary attention and under up-down control) evoked by silence replacement in the telencephalon were the largest when the sequence of acoustic stimuli could be predicted, while the N1 amplitudes (related to reflexive attention and under bottom-up control) evoked in the mesencephalon were the largest when the sequence of acoustic stimuli could not be predicted. This suggests that human-like ERP components related to voluntary attention and reflexive attention exist in the lower vertebrates also. Abstract Attention, referring to selective processing of task-related information, is central to cognition. It has been proposed that voluntary attention (driven by current goals or tasks and under top-down control) and reflexive attention (driven by stimulus salience and under bottom-up control) struggle to control the focus of attention with interaction in a push–pull fashion for everyday perception in higher vertebrates. However, how auditory attention engages in auditory perception in lower vertebrates remains unclear. In this study, each component of auditory event-related potentials (ERP) related to attention was measured for the telencephalon, diencephalon and mesencephalon in the Emei music frog (Nidirana daunchina), during the broadcasting of acoustic stimuli invoking voluntary attention (using binary playback paradigm with silence replacement) and reflexive attention (using equiprobably random playback paradigm), respectively. Results showed that (1) when the sequence of acoustic stimuli could be predicted, the amplitudes of stimulus preceding negativity (SPN) evoked by silence replacement in the forebrain were significantly greater than that in the mesencephalon, suggesting voluntary attention may engage in auditory perception in this species because of the correlation between the SPN component and top-down control such as expectation and/or prediction; (2) alternately, when the sequence of acoustic stimuli could not be predicted, the N1 amplitudes evoked in the mesencephalon were significantly greater than those in other brain areas, implying that reflexive attention may be involved in auditory signal processing because the N1 components relate to selective attention; and (3) both SPN and N1 components could be evoked by the predicted stimuli, suggesting auditory perception of the music frogs might invoke the two kind of attention resources simultaneously. The present results show that human-like ERP components related to voluntary attention and reflexive attention exist in the lower vertebrates also.
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Liang W, Brown CA, Shinn-Cunningham BG. Cat-astrophic effects of sudden interruptions on spatial auditory attention. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 151:3219. [PMID: 35649920 PMCID: PMC9113758 DOI: 10.1121/10.0010453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Salient interruptions draw attention involuntarily. Here, we explored whether this effect depends on the spatial and temporal relationships between a target stream and interrupter. In a series of online experiments, listeners focused spatial attention on a target stream of spoken syllables in the presence of an otherwise identical distractor stream from the opposite hemifield. On some random trials, an interrupter (a cat "MEOW") occurred. Experiment 1 established that the interrupter, which occurred randomly in 25% of the trials in the hemifield opposite the target, degraded target recall. Moreover, a majority of participants exhibited this degradation for the first target syllable, which finished before the interrupter began. Experiment 2 showed that the effect of an interrupter was similar whether it occurred in the opposite or the same hemifield as the target. Experiment 3 found that the interrupter degraded performance slightly if it occurred before the target stream began but had no effect if it began after the target stream ended. Experiment 4 showed decreased interruption effects when the interruption frequency increased (50% of the trials). These results demonstrate that a salient interrupter disrupts recall of a target stream, regardless of its direction, especially if it occurs during a target stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wusheng Liang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Christopher A Brown
- Department of Communication Science and Disorders, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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14
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Structural and Functional Correlates of Higher Cortical Brain Regions in Chronic Refractory Cough. Chest 2022; 162:851-860. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.04.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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15
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Cai H, Dent ML. Dimensionally Specific Attention Capture in Birds Performing Auditory Streaming Task. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2022; 23:241-252. [PMID: 34988866 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-021-00825-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) have indicated that they experience attention capture in a qualitatively similar way to humans. Here, we apply a similar objective auditory streaming paradigm, using modified budgerigar vocalizations instead of ABAB-… patterned pure tones, in the sound sequences. The birds were trained to respond to deviants in the target stream while ignoring the distractors in the background stream. The background distractor could vary among five different categories and two different sequential positions, while the target deviants could randomly appear at five different sequential positions and vary among two different categories. We found that unpredictable background distractors could deteriorate birds' sensitivity to the target deviants. Compared to conditions where the background distractor appeared right before the target deviant, the attention capture effect decayed in conditions when the background distractor appeared earlier. In contrast to results from the same paradigm using pure tones, the results here are evidence for a faster recovery from attention capture using modified vocalization segments. We found that the temporally modulated background distractor captured birds' attention more and deteriorated birds' performance more than other categories of background distractor, as the temporally modulated target deviant enabled the birds to focus their attention toward the temporal modulation dimension. However, different from humans, birds have lower tolerances for suppressing the distractors from the same feature dimensions as the targets, which is evidenced by higher false alarm rates for the temporally modulated distractor than other distractors from different feature dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaizhen Cai
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Micheal L Dent
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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De Garrido L. Conceptual Design of a Creative Artificial Intelligence System Based on the Neurocognitive Bases of Human Creativity in the Brain. CREATIVITY RESEARCH JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2021.2005309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis De Garrido
- Universitat de València
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- National Association of Sustainable Creative Architecture Researh
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17
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Leiva A, Andrés P, Parmentier FBR. Aging Increases Cross-Modal Distraction by Unexpected Sounds: Controlling for Response Speed. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:733388. [PMID: 34603010 PMCID: PMC8480473 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.733388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-established that task-irrelevant sounds deviating from an otherwise predictable auditory sequence capture attention and disrupt ongoing performance by delaying responses in the ongoing task. In visual tasks, larger distraction by unexpected sounds (deviance distraction) has been reported in older than in young adults. However, past studies based this conclusion on the comparisons of absolute response times (RT) and did not control for the general slowing typically observed in older adults. Hence, it remains unclear whether this difference in deviance distraction between the two age groups reflects a genuine effect of aging or a proportional effect of similar size in both groups. We addressed this issue by using a proportional measure of distraction (PMD) to reanalyze the data from four past studies and used Bayesian estimation to generate credible estimates of the age-related difference in deviance distraction and its effect size. The results were unambiguous: older adults exhibited greater deviance distraction than young adults when controlling for baseline response speed (in each individual study and in the combined data set). Bayesian estimation revealed a proportional lengthening of RT by unexpected sounds that was about twice as large in older than in young adults (corresponding to a large statistical effect size). A similar analysis was carried out on the proportion of correct responses (PC) and produced converging results. Finally, an additional Bayesian analysis comparing data from cross-modal and uni-modal studies confirmed the selective effect of aging on distraction in the first and not the second. Overall, our study shows that older adults performing a visual categorization task do exhibit greater distraction by unexpected sounds than young adults and that this effect is not explicable by age-related general slowing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Leiva
- Neuropsychology & Cognition Group, Department of Psychology & Research Institute of Health Sciences (iUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Pilar Andrés
- Neuropsychology & Cognition Group, Department of Psychology & Research Institute of Health Sciences (iUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Fabrice B R Parmentier
- Neuropsychology & Cognition Group, Department of Psychology & Research Institute of Health Sciences (iUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.,Department of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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18
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Peng C, Peng W, Feng W, Zhang Y, Xiao J, Wang D. EEG Correlates of Sustained Attention Variability during Discrete Multi-finger Force Control Tasks. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON HAPTICS 2021; 14:526-537. [PMID: 33523817 DOI: 10.1109/toh.2021.3055842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The neurophysiological characteristics of sustained attention states are unclear in discrete multi-finger force control tasks. In this article, we developed an immersive visuo-haptic task for conducting stimulus-response measurements. Visual cues were randomly provided to signify the required amplitude and tolerance of fingertip force. Participants were required to respond to the visual cues by pressing force transducers using their fingertips. Response time variation was taken as a behavioral measure of sustained attention states during the task. 50% low-variability trials were classified as the optimal state and the other high-variability trials were classified as the suboptimal state using z-scoring over time. A 64-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) acquisition system was used to collect brain activities during the tasks. The haptics-elicited potential amplitude at 20 ∼ 40 ms in latency and over the frontal-central region significantly decreased in the optimal state. Furthermore, the alpha-band power in the spectra of 8 ∼ 13 Hz was significantly suppressed in the frontal-central, right temporal, and parietal regions in the optimal state. Taken together, we have identified neuroelectrophysiological features that were associated with sustained attention during multi-finger force control tasks, which would be potentially used in the development of closed-loop attention detection and training systems exploiting haptic interaction.
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ElShafei HA, Fornoni L, Masson R, Bertrand O, Bidet-Caulet A. What's in Your Gamma? Activation of the Ventral Fronto-Parietal Attentional Network in Response to Distracting Sounds. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:696-707. [PMID: 31219542 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Auditory attention operates through top-down (TD) and bottom-up (BU) mechanisms that are supported by dorsal and ventral brain networks, respectively, with the main overlap in the lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC). A good TD/BU balance is essential to be both task-efficient and aware of our environment, yet it is rarely investigated. Oscillatory activity is a novel method to probe the attentional dynamics with evidence that gamma activity (>30 Hz) could signal BU processing and thus would be a good candidate to support the activation of the ventral BU attention network. Magnetoencephalography data were collected from 21 young adults performing the competitive attention task, which enables simultaneous investigation of BU and TD attentional mechanisms. Distracting sounds elicited an increase in gamma activity in regions of the BU ventral network. TD attention modulated these gamma responses in regions of the inhibitory cognitive control system: the medial prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices. Finally, distracting-sound-induced gamma activity was synchronous between the auditory cortices and several distant brain regions, notably the lPFC. We provide novel insight into the role of gamma activity 1) in supporting the activation of the ventral BU attention network and 2) in subtending the TD/BU attention balance in the PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham A ElShafei
- Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center; CRNL, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University of Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Lesly Fornoni
- Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center; CRNL, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University of Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Rémy Masson
- Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center; CRNL, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University of Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Bertrand
- Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center; CRNL, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University of Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Aurélie Bidet-Caulet
- Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center; CRNL, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University of Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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20
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Lissek S, Tegenthoff M. Higher functional connectivity between prefrontal regions and the dorsal attention network predicts absence of renewal. Behav Brain Res 2021; 412:113413. [PMID: 34119509 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Renewal describes the recovery of an extinguished response when extinction and recall contexts differ, demonstrating the context-dependency of extinction. The unexpected outcome change during extinction presumably directs attention to the context and promotes renewal. Accordingly, studies show that context processing for renewal is modulated by salience of and attention to context. Besides context-processing hippocampus, renewal involves ventromedial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex and inferior frontal gyrus, which mediate response processing. Since showing renewal is a trait-like processing tendency, individuals with and without renewal may differ in resting-state functional connectivity of prefrontal regions with networks mediating attentional and salience processing. We analyzed resting-state functional MRI data from healthy participants (n = 70) of a non-fear-related contextual extinction task particularly suited for investigation of renewal. Participants without renewal exhibited significantly higher functional connectivity between prefrontal regions and bilateral intraparietal sulcus of the dorsal attention network. Functional connectivity between these regions correlated negatively with renewal level. Only in participants with renewal, the renewal level correlated positively with connectivity between left frontal eye field and several prefrontal regions. In contrast, functional connectivity of prefrontal regions with the salience network did not differ between groups. The results deliver first-time evidence for differences in resting-state functional connectivity between participants with and without renewal in non-fear-related extinction. Intraparietal-sulcus-guided top-down attentional control appears more strongly related to prefrontal activity in participants without renewal, and thus may have a role in their default processing mode of focusing on the stimulus and disregarding the context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Lissek
- Department of Neurology, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany.
| | - Martin Tegenthoff
- Department of Neurology, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
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21
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Yuan Q, Ma F, Zhang M, Chen M, Zhang Z, Wu J, Lu C, Guo T. Neural interaction between language control and cognitive control: Evidence from cross-task adaptation. Behav Brain Res 2020; 401:113086. [PMID: 33359369 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
It has been documented that conflict adaptation (conflict resolution in a task enhanced by that in a previous task) exists not only in the same domain but also across different domains with shared cognitive control mechanisms. For the first time, the present study adopted a cross-task adaptive blocked design to examine the relationship between bilingual language control and cognitive control from the perspective of the immediately adjacent, mutual influence on the neural connectivity level. The results showed that the conflict setting induced by previous tasks changed the nodal degrees of the anterior cingulate cortex/presupplementary motor area and the right thalamus, and connectivity strength of shared links between adjacent language and cognitive control tasks. In addition, pre-activation of the cognitive control network affected the transitivity of the successive use of the language control network. These findings not only indicate a cross-task adaptation effect on the neural connectivity level, but also provide evidence for similarities in conflict detection and inhibition control between language-specific control and domain-general cognitive control. In addition, our results also suggest that there is only partial overlap between bilingual language control and domain-general cognitive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengyang Ma
- School of Education, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Mo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Wu
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunming Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Taomei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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22
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Wong CHY, Liu J, Lee TMC, Tao J, Wong AWK, Chau BKH, Chen L, Chan CCH. Fronto-cerebellar connectivity mediating cognitive processing speed. Neuroimage 2020; 226:117556. [PMID: 33189930 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Processing speed is an important construct in understanding cognition. This study was aimed to control task specificity for understanding the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive processing speed. Forty young adult subjects performed attention tasks of two modalities (auditory and visual) and two levels of task rules (compatible and incompatible). Block-design fMRI captured BOLD signals during the tasks. Thirteen regions of interest were defined with reference to publicly available activation maps for processing speed tasks. Cognitive speed was derived from task reaction times, which yielded six sets of connectivity measures. Mixed-effect LASSO regression revealed six significant paths suggestive of a cerebello-frontal network predicting the cognitive speed. Among them, three are long range (two fronto-cerebellar, one cerebello-frontal), and three are short range (fronto-frontal, cerebello-cerebellar, and cerebello-thalamic). The long-range connections are likely to relate to cognitive control, and the short-range connections relate to rule-based stimulus-response processes. The revealed neural network suggests that automaticity, acting on the task rules and interplaying with effortful top-down attentional control, accounts for cognitive speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clive H Y Wong
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jiao Liu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Huatuo Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics & Traumatology of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Rehabilitation (Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education.
| | - Tatia M C Lee
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jing Tao
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Huatuo Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics & Traumatology of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Rehabilitation (Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education.
| | - Alex W K Wong
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States.
| | - Bolton K H Chau
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; University Research Facility in Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
| | - Lidian Chen
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Huatuo Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics & Traumatology of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Rehabilitation (Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education.
| | - Chetwyn C H Chan
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; University Research Facility in Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
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Kaya EM, Huang N, Elhilali M. Pitch, Timbre and Intensity Interdependently Modulate Neural Responses to Salient Sounds. Neuroscience 2020; 440:1-14. [PMID: 32445938 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
As we listen to everyday sounds, auditory perception is heavily shaped by interactions between acoustic attributes such as pitch, timbre and intensity; though it is not clear how such interactions affect judgments of acoustic salience in dynamic soundscapes. Salience perception is believed to rely on an internal brain model that tracks the evolution of acoustic characteristics of a scene and flags events that do not fit this model as salient. The current study explores how the interdependency between attributes of dynamic scenes affects the neural representation of this internal model and shapes encoding of salient events. Specifically, the study examines how deviations along combinations of acoustic attributes interact to modulate brain responses, and subsequently guide perception of certain sound events as salient given their context. Human volunteers have their attention focused on a visual task and ignore acoustic melodies playing in the background while their brain activity using electroencephalography is recorded. Ambient sounds consist of musical melodies with probabilistically-varying acoustic attributes. Salient notes embedded in these scenes deviate from the melody's statistical distribution along pitch, timbre and/or intensity. Recordings of brain responses to salient notes reveal that neural power in response to the melodic rhythm as well as cross-trial phase alignment in the theta band are modulated by degree of salience of the notes, estimated across all acoustic attributes given their probabilistic context. These neural nonlinear effects across attributes strongly parallel behavioral nonlinear interactions observed in perceptual judgments of auditory salience using similar dynamic melodies; suggesting a neural underpinning of nonlinear interactions that underlie salience perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Merve Kaya
- Laboratory for Computational Audio Perception, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicolas Huang
- Laboratory for Computational Audio Perception, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mounya Elhilali
- Laboratory for Computational Audio Perception, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Wu T, Spagna A, Chen C, Schulz KP, Hof PR, Fan J. Supramodal Mechanisms of the Cognitive Control Network in Uncertainty Processing. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:6336-6349. [PMID: 32734281 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Information processing under conditions of uncertainty requires the involvement of cognitive control. Despite behavioral evidence of the supramodal function (i.e., independent of sensory modality) of cognitive control, the underlying neural mechanism needs to be directly tested. This study used functional magnetic imaging together with visual and auditory perceptual decision-making tasks to examine brain activation as a function of uncertainty in the two stimulus modalities. The results revealed a monotonic increase in activation in the cortical regions of the cognitive control network (CCN) as a function of uncertainty in the visual and auditory modalities. The intrinsic connectivity between the CCN and sensory regions was similar for the visual and auditory modalities. Furthermore, multivariate patterns of activation in the CCN predicted the level of uncertainty within and across stimulus modalities. These findings suggest that the CCN implements cognitive control by processing uncertainty as abstract information independent of stimulus modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wu
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, The City University of New York, Queens, NY 11367, USA
| | - Alfredo Spagna
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, NY 10025, USA
| | - Chao Chen
- Departments of Biomedical Informatics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Kurt P Schulz
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, The City University of New York, Queens, NY 11367, USA
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Masson R, Lévêque Y, Demarquay G, ElShafei H, Fornoni L, Lecaignard F, Morlet D, Bidet-Caulet A, Caclin A. Auditory attention alterations in migraine: A behavioral and MEG/EEG study. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:1933-1946. [PMID: 32619799 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate alterations of top-down and/or bottom-up attention in migraine and their cortical underpinnings. METHODS 19 migraineurs between attacks and 19 matched control participants performed a task evaluating jointly top-down and bottom-up attention, using visually-cued target sounds and unexpected task-irrelevant distracting sounds. Behavioral responses and magneto- and electro-encephalography signals were recorded. Event-related potentials and fields were processed and source reconstruction was applied to event-related fields. RESULTS At the behavioral level, neither top-down nor bottom-up attentional processes appeared to be altered in migraine. However, migraineurs presented heightened evoked responses following distracting sounds (orienting component of the N1 and Re-Orienting Negativity, RON) and following target sounds (orienting component of the N1), concomitant to an increased recruitment of the right temporo-parietal junction. They also displayed an increased effect of the cue informational value on target processing resulting in the elicitation of a negative difference (Nd). CONCLUSIONS Migraineurs appear to display increased bottom-up orienting response to all incoming sounds, and an enhanced recruitment of top-down attention. SIGNIFICANCE The interictal state in migraine is characterized by an exacerbation of the orienting response to attended and unattended sounds. These attentional alterations might participate to the peculiar vulnerability of the migraine brain to all incoming stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Masson
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), INSERM UMRS 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
| | - Yohana Lévêque
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), INSERM UMRS 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Geneviève Demarquay
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), INSERM UMRS 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Neurological Hospital Pierre Wertheimer, Functional Neurology and Epilepsy Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Hesham ElShafei
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), INSERM UMRS 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Lesly Fornoni
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), INSERM UMRS 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Françoise Lecaignard
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), INSERM UMRS 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Dominique Morlet
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), INSERM UMRS 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Aurélie Bidet-Caulet
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), INSERM UMRS 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Anne Caclin
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), INSERM UMRS 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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26
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Yuriko Santos Kawata N, Hashimoto T, Kawashima R. Neural mechanisms underlying concurrent listening of simultaneous speech. Brain Res 2020; 1738:146821. [PMID: 32259518 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Can we identify what two people are saying at the same time? Although it is difficult to perfectly repeat two or more simultaneous messages, listeners can report information from both speakers. In a concurrent/divided listening task, enhanced attention and segregation of speech can be required rather than selection and suppression. However, the neural mechanisms of concurrent listening to multi-speaker concurrent speech has yet to be clarified. The present study utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the neural responses of healthy young adults listening to concurrent male and female speakers in an attempt to reveal the mechanism of concurrent listening. After practice and multiple trials testing concurrent listening, 31 participants achieved performance comparable with that of selective listening. Furthermore, compared to selective listening, concurrent listening induced greater activation in the anterior cingulate cortex, bilateral anterior insula, frontoparietal regions, and the periaqueductal gray region. In addition to the salience network for multi-speaker listening, attentional modulation and enhanced segregation of these signals could be used to achieve successful concurrent listening. These results indicate the presence of a potential mechanism by which one can listen to two voices with enhanced attention to saliency signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Yuriko Santos Kawata
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Japan
| | - Teruo Hashimoto
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Japan.
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Japan; Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Japan
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27
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Stewart HJ, Shen D, Sham N, Alain C. Involuntary Orienting and Conflict Resolution during Auditory Attention: The Role of Ventral and Dorsal Streams. J Cogn Neurosci 2020; 32:1851-1863. [PMID: 32573378 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Selective attention to sound object features such as pitch and location is associated with enhanced brain activity in ventral and dorsal streams, respectively. We examined the role of these pathways in involuntary orienting and conflict resolution using fMRI. Participants were presented with two tones that may, or may not, share the same nonspatial (frequency) or spatial (location) auditory features. In separate blocks of trials, participants were asked to attend to sound frequency or sound location and ignore the change in the task-irrelevant feature. In both attend-frequency and attend-location tasks, RTs were slower when the task-irrelevant feature changed than when it stayed the same (involuntary orienting). This behavioral cost coincided with enhanced activity in the pFC and superior temporal gyrus. Conflict resolution was examined by comparing situations where the change in stimulus features was congruent (both features changed) and incongruent (only one feature changed). Participants were slower and less accurate for incongruent than congruent sound features. This congruency effect was associated with enhanced activity in the pFC and was greater in the right superior temporal gyrus and medial frontal cortex during the attend-location task than during the attend-frequency task. Together, these findings do not support a strict division of "labor" into ventral and dorsal streams but rather suggest interactions between these pathways in situations involving changes in task-irrelevant sound feature and conflict resolution. These findings also validate the Test of Attention in Listening task by revealing distinct neural correlates for involuntary orienting and conflict resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Stewart
- Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University College London.,Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
| | - Dawei Shen
- Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nasim Sham
- Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claude Alain
- Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto
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28
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Mamashli F, Huang S, Khan S, Hämäläinen MS, Ahlfors SP, Ahveninen J. Distinct Regional Oscillatory Connectivity Patterns During Auditory Target and Novelty Processing. Brain Topogr 2020; 33:477-488. [PMID: 32441009 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-020-00776-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Auditory attention allows us to focus on relevant target sounds in the acoustic environment while maintaining the capability to orient to unpredictable (novel) sound changes. An open question is whether orienting to expected vs. unexpected auditory events are governed by anatomically distinct attention pathways, respectively, or by differing communication patterns within a common system. To address this question, we applied a recently developed PeSCAR analysis method to evaluate spectrotemporal functional connectivity patterns across subregions of broader cortical regions of interest (ROIs) to analyze magnetoencephalography data obtained during a cued auditory attention task. Subjects were instructed to detect a predictable harmonic target sound embedded among standard tones in one ear and to ignore the standard tones and occasional unpredictable novel sounds presented in the opposite ear. Phase coherence of estimated source activity was calculated between subregions of superior temporal, frontal, inferior parietal, and superior parietal cortex ROIs. Functional connectivity was stronger in response to target than novel stimuli between left superior temporal and left parietal ROIs and between left frontal and right parietal ROIs, with the largest effects observed in the beta band (15-35 Hz). In contrast, functional connectivity was stronger in response to novel than target stimuli in inter-hemispheric connections between left and right frontal ROIs, observed in early time windows in the alpha band (8-12 Hz). Our findings suggest that auditory processing of expected target vs. unexpected novel sounds involves different spatially, temporally, and spectrally distributed oscillatory connectivity patterns across temporal, parietal, and frontal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Mamashli
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
| | - Samantha Huang
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Sheraz Khan
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Matti S Hämäläinen
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Seppo P Ahlfors
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Jyrki Ahveninen
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
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29
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Evaluating the causal contribution of fronto-parietal cortices to the control of the bottom-up and top-down visual attention using fMRI-guided TMS. Cortex 2020; 126:200-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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30
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Huang N, Elhilali M. Push-pull competition between bottom-up and top-down auditory attention to natural soundscapes. eLife 2020; 9:52984. [PMID: 32196457 PMCID: PMC7083598 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In everyday social environments, demands on attentional resources dynamically shift to balance our attention to targets of interest while alerting us to important objects in our surrounds. The current study uses electroencephalography to explore how the push-pull interaction between top-down and bottom-up attention manifests itself in dynamic auditory scenes. Using natural soundscapes as distractors while subjects attend to a controlled rhythmic sound sequence, we find that salient events in background scenes significantly suppress phase-locking and gamma responses to the attended sequence, countering enhancement effects observed for attended targets. In line with a hypothesis of limited attentional resources, the modulation of neural activity by bottom-up attention is graded by degree of salience of ambient events. The study also provides insights into the interplay between endogenous and exogenous attention during natural soundscapes, with both forms of attention engaging a common fronto-parietal network at different time lags.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Huang
- Laboratory for Computational Audio Perception, Department of Electrical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Mounya Elhilali
- Laboratory for Computational Audio Perception, Department of Electrical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
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31
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Gu S, Xia CH, Ciric R, Moore TM, Gur RC, Gur RE, Satterthwaite TD, Bassett DS. Unifying the Notions of Modularity and Core-Periphery Structure in Functional Brain Networks during Youth. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:1087-1102. [PMID: 31504253 PMCID: PMC7132934 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
At rest, human brain functional networks display striking modular architecture in which coherent clusters of brain regions are activated. The modular account of brain function is pervasive, reliable, and reproducible. Yet, a complementary perspective posits a core-periphery or rich-club account of brain function, where hubs are densely interconnected with one another, allowing for integrative processing. Unifying these two perspectives has remained difficult due to the fact that the methodological tools to identify modules are entirely distinct from the methodological tools to identify core-periphery structure. Here, we leverage a recently-developed model-based approach-the weighted stochastic block model-that simultaneously uncovers modular and core-periphery structure, and we apply it to functional magnetic resonance imaging data acquired at rest in 872 youth of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. We demonstrate that functional brain networks display rich mesoscale organization beyond that sought by modularity maximization techniques. Moreover, we show that this mesoscale organization changes appreciably over the course of neurodevelopment, and that individual differences in this organization predict individual differences in cognition more accurately than module organization alone. Broadly, our study provides a unified assessment of modular and core-periphery structure in functional brain networks, offering novel insights into their development and implications for behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Gu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Cedric Huchuan Xia
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rastko Ciric
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Danielle S Bassett
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Rd, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA
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32
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ElShafei HA, Fornoni L, Masson R, Bertrand O, Bidet-Caulet A. Age-related modulations of alpha and gamma brain activities underlying anticipation and distraction. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229334. [PMID: 32163441 PMCID: PMC7067396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention operates through top-down (TD) and bottom-up (BU) mechanisms. Recently, it has been shown that slow (alpha) frequencies index facilitatory and suppressive mechanisms of TD attention and faster (gamma) frequencies signal BU attentional capture. Ageing is characterized by increased behavioral distractibility, resulting from either a reduced efficiency of TD attention or an enhanced triggering of BU attention. However, only few studies have investigated the impact of ageing upon the oscillatory activities involved in TD and BU attention. MEG data were collected from 14 elderly and 14 matched young healthy human participants while performing the Competitive Attention Task. Elderly participants displayed (1) exacerbated behavioral distractibility, (2) altered TD suppressive mechanisms, indexed by a reduced alpha synchronization in task-irrelevant regions, (3) less prominent alpha peak-frequency differences between cortical regions, (4) a similar BU system activation indexed by gamma activity, and (5) a reduced activation of lateral prefrontal inhibitory control regions. These results show that the ageing-related increased distractibility is of TD origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham A. ElShafei
- Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CRNL, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University of Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Lesly Fornoni
- Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CRNL, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University of Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Rémy Masson
- Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CRNL, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University of Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Bertrand
- Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CRNL, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University of Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Aurélie Bidet-Caulet
- Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CRNL, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University of Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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33
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Nourski KV, Steinschneider M, Rhone AE, Krause BM, Kawasaki H, Banks MI. Cortical responses to auditory novelty across task conditions: An intracranial electrophysiology study. Hear Res 2020; 399:107911. [PMID: 32081413 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.107911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating changes in sensory processing across attentional and arousal states is a major focus in neuroscience. The local/global deviant (LGD) stimulus paradigm engages auditory predictive coding over short (local deviance, LD) and long (global deviance, GD) time scales, and has been used to assay disruption of auditory predictive coding upon loss of consciousness. Our previous work (Nourski et al., 2018, J Neurosci 38:8441-52) examined effects of general anesthesia on short- and long-term novelty detection. GD effects were suppressed at subhypnotic doses of propofol, suggesting that they may be more related to task engagement than consciousness per se. The present study addressed this hypothesis by comparing cortical responses to auditory novelty during passive versus active listening conditions in awake listeners. Subjects were seven adult neurosurgical patients undergoing chronic invasive monitoring for medically intractable epilepsy. LGD stimuli were sequences of four identical vowels followed by a fifth identical or different vowel. In the passive condition, the stimuli were presented to subjects as they watched a silent TV program and were instructed to attend to its content. In the active condition, stimuli were presented in the absence of a TV program, and subjects were instructed to press a button in response to GD target stimuli. Intracranial recordings were made from multiple brain regions, including core and non-core auditory, auditory-related, prefrontal and sensorimotor cortex. Metrics of task performance included hit rate, sensitivity index, and reaction times. Cortical activity was measured as averaged auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) and event-related band power in high gamma (70-150 Hz) and alpha (8-14 Hz) frequency bands. The vowel stimuli and LD elicited robust AEPs in all studied brain areas in both passive and active conditions. High gamma responses to stimulus onset and LD were localized predominantly to the auditory cortex in the superior temporal plane and had a comparable prevalence and spatial extent between the two conditions. In contrast, GD effects (AEPs, high gamma and alpha suppression) were greatly enhanced during the active condition in all studied brain areas. The prevalence of high gamma GD effects was positively correlated with individual subjects' task performance. The data demonstrate distinct task engagement-related effects on responses to auditory novelty across the auditory cortical processing hierarchy. The results motivate a closer examination of effective connectivity underlying attentional modulation of cortical sensory responses, and serve as a foundation for examining changes in sensory processing associated with general anesthesia, sleep and disorders of consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V Nourski
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Mitchell Steinschneider
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Ariane E Rhone
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Bryan M Krause
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Hiroto Kawasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Matthew I Banks
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
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Salmi J, Metwaly M, Tohka J, Alho K, Leppämäki S, Tani P, Koski A, Vanderwal T, Laine M. ADHD desynchronizes brain activity during watching a distracted multi-talker conversation. Neuroimage 2019; 216:116352. [PMID: 31730921 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have difficulties navigating dynamic everyday situations that contain multiple sensory inputs that need to either be attended to or ignored. As conventional experimental tasks lack this type of everyday complexity, we administered a film-based multi-talker condition with auditory distractors in the background. ADHD-related aberrant brain responses to this naturalistic stimulus were identified using intersubject correlations (ISCs) in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data collected from 51 adults with ADHD and 29 healthy controls. A novel permutation-based approach introducing studentized statistics and subject-wise voxel-level null-distributions revealed that several areas in cerebral attention networks and sensory cortices were desynchronized in participants with ADHD (n = 20) relative to healthy controls (n = 20). Specifically, desynchronization of the posterior parietal cortex occurred when irrelevant speech or music was presented in the background, but not when irrelevant white noise was presented, or when there were no distractors. We also show regionally distinct ISC signatures for inattention and impulsivity. Finally, post-scan recall of the film contents was associated with stronger ISCs in the default-mode network for the ADHD and in the dorsal attention network for healthy controls. The present study shows that ISCs can further our understanding of how a complex environment influences brain states in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha Salmi
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, Rakentajanaukio 2, Espoo, Finland; Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; AMI Centre, Aalto Neuroimaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Mostafa Metwaly
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Tohka
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kimmo Alho
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; AMI Centre, Aalto Neuroimaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Sami Leppämäki
- Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Tani
- Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anniina Koski
- Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tamara Vanderwal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Matti Laine
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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O'Sullivan J, Herrero J, Smith E, Schevon C, McKhann GM, Sheth SA, Mehta AD, Mesgarani N. Hierarchical Encoding of Attended Auditory Objects in Multi-talker Speech Perception. Neuron 2019; 104:1195-1209.e3. [PMID: 31648900 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Humans can easily focus on one speaker in a multi-talker acoustic environment, but how different areas of the human auditory cortex (AC) represent the acoustic components of mixed speech is unknown. We obtained invasive recordings from the primary and nonprimary AC in neurosurgical patients as they listened to multi-talker speech. We found that neural sites in the primary AC responded to individual speakers in the mixture and were relatively unchanged by attention. In contrast, neural sites in the nonprimary AC were less discerning of individual speakers but selectively represented the attended speaker. Moreover, the encoding of the attended speaker in the nonprimary AC was invariant to the degree of acoustic overlap with the unattended speaker. Finally, this emergent representation of attended speech in the nonprimary AC was linearly predictable from the primary AC responses. Our results reveal the neural computations underlying the hierarchical formation of auditory objects in human AC during multi-talker speech perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- James O'Sullivan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jose Herrero
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine and Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elliot Smith
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Neurological Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Catherine Schevon
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Neurological Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guy M McKhann
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Neurological Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sameer A Sheth
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Neurological Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ashesh D Mehta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine and Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nima Mesgarani
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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36
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Zhou GP, Shi XY, Wei HL, Qu LJ, Yu YS, Zhou QQ, Yin X, Zhang H, Tao YJ. Disrupted Intraregional Brain Activity and Functional Connectivity in Unilateral Acute Tinnitus Patients With Hearing Loss. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1010. [PMID: 31607851 PMCID: PMC6761222 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The present study combined fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and functional connectivity (FC) to explore brain functional abnormalities in acute tinnitus patients (AT) with hearing loss. Methods We recruited twenty-eight AT patients and 31 healthy controls (HCs) and ran resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans. fALFF, ReHo, and FC were conducted and compared between AT patients and HCs. After that, we calculated correlation analyses among abnormal fALFF, ReHo, FC, and clinical data in AT patients. Results Compared with HCs, AT showed increased fALFF values in the right inferior temporal gyrus (ITG). In contrast, significantly decreased ReHo values were observed in the cerebellar vermis, the right calcarine cortex, the right precuneus, the right supramarginal gyrus (SMG), and the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG). Based on the differences in the fALFF and ReHo maps, the latter of which we defined as region-of-interest (ROI) for FC analysis, the right ITG exhibited increased connectivity with the right precentral gyrus. In addition, the right MFG demonstrated decreased connectivity with both the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the left precentral gyrus. Conclusion By combining ReHo, fALFF, and FC analyses, our work indicated that AT with hearing loss had abnormal intraregional neural activity and disrupted connectivity in several brain regions which mainly involving the non-auditory area, and these regions are major components of default mode network (DMN), attention network, visual network, and executive control network. These findings will help us enhance the understanding of the neuroimaging mechanism in tinnitus populations. Moreover, these abnormalities remind us that we should focus on the early stages of this hearing disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang-Ping Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Yi Shi
- Department of ENT, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Heng-Le Wei
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Jie Qu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Yu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing-Qing Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xindao Yin
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue-Jin Tao
- Department of ENT, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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37
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Yakunina N, Tae WS, Kim SS, Nam EC. Functional MRI evidence of the cortico-olivary efferent pathway during active auditory target processing in humans. Hear Res 2019; 379:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Salmela V, Salo E, Salmi J, Alho K. Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Attention Networks Revealed by Representational Similarity Analysis of EEG and fMRI. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:549-560. [PMID: 27999122 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The fronto-parietal attention networks have been extensively studied with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), but spatiotemporal dynamics of these networks are not well understood. We measured event-related potentials (ERPs) with electroencephalography (EEG) and collected fMRI data from identical experiments where participants performed visual and auditory discrimination tasks separately or simultaneously and with or without distractors. To overcome the low temporal resolution of fMRI, we used a novel ERP-based application of multivariate representational similarity analysis (RSA) to parse time-averaged fMRI pattern activity into distinct spatial maps that each corresponded, in representational structure, to a short temporal ERP segment. Discriminant analysis of ERP-fMRI correlations revealed 8 cortical networks-2 sensory, 3 attention, and 3 other-segregated by 4 orthogonal, temporally multifaceted and spatially distributed functions. We interpret these functions as 4 spatiotemporal components of attention: modality-dependent and stimulus-driven orienting, top-down control, mode transition, and response preparation, selection and execution.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Salmela
- Division of Cognitive Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo FI-00076, Finland
| | - E Salo
- Division of Cognitive Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo FI-00076, Finland
| | - J Salmi
- Division of Cognitive Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo FI-00076, Finland.,Faculty of Arts, Psychology and Theology, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - K Alho
- Division of Cognitive Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo FI-00076, Finland
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39
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Is there an "antisocial" cerebellum? Evidence from disorders other than autism characterized by abnormal social behaviours. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 89:1-8. [PMID: 30153496 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cerebellum is a hindbrain structure which involvement in functions not related to motor control and planning is being increasingly recognized in the last decades. Studies on Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have reported cerebellar involvement on these conditions characterized by social deficits and repetitive motor behavior patterns. Although such an involvement hints at a possible cerebellar participation in the social domain, the fact that ASD patients present both social and motor deficits impedes drawing any firm conclusion regarding cerebellar involvement in pathological social behaviours, probably influenced by the classical view of the cerebellum as a purely "motor" brain structure. Here, we suggest the cerebellum can be a key node for the production and control of normal and particularly aberrant social behaviours, as indicated by its involvement in other neuropsychiatric disorders which main symptom is deregulated social behaviour. Therefore, in this work, we briefly review cerebellar involvement in social behavior in rodent models, followed by discussing the findings linking the cerebellum to those other psychiatric conditions characterized by defective social behaviours. Finally, possible commonalities between the studies and putative underlying impaired functions will be discussed and experimental approaches both in patients and experimental animals will also be proposed, aimed at stimulating research on the role of the cerebellum in social behaviours and disorders characterized by social impairments, which, if successful, will definitely help reinforcing the proposed cerebellar involvement in the social domain.
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40
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Tóth B, Farkas D, Urbán G, Szalárdy O, Orosz G, Hunyadi L, Hajdu B, Kovács A, Szabó BT, Shestopalova LB, Winkler I. Attention and speech-processing related functional brain networks activated in a multi-speaker environment. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212754. [PMID: 30818389 PMCID: PMC6394951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human listeners can focus on one speech stream out of several concurrent ones. The present study aimed to assess the whole-brain functional networks underlying a) the process of focusing attention on a single speech stream vs. dividing attention between two streams and 2) speech processing on different time-scales and depth. Two spoken narratives were presented simultaneously while listeners were instructed to a) track and memorize the contents of a speech stream and b) detect the presence of numerals or syntactic violations in the same ("focused attended condition") or in the parallel stream ("divided attended condition"). Speech content tracking was found to be associated with stronger connectivity in lower frequency bands (delta band- 0,5-4 Hz), whereas the detection tasks were linked with networks operating in the faster alpha (8-10 Hz) and beta (13-30 Hz) bands. These results suggest that the oscillation frequencies of the dominant brain networks during speech processing may be related to the duration of the time window within which information is integrated. We also found that focusing attention on a single speaker compared to dividing attention between two concurrent speakers was predominantly associated with connections involving the frontal cortices in the delta (0.5-4 Hz), alpha (8-10 Hz), and beta bands (13-30 Hz), whereas dividing attention between two parallel speech streams was linked with stronger connectivity involving the parietal cortices in the delta and beta frequency bands. Overall, connections strengthened by focused attention may reflect control over information selection, whereas connections strengthened by divided attention may reflect the need for maintaining two streams in parallel and the related control processes necessary for performing the tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitta Tóth
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Farkas
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Cognitive Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Urbán
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Cognitive Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Szalárdy
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Orosz
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Social and Educational Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Hunyadi
- Department of General and Applied Linguistic, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Botond Hajdu
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Annamária Kovács
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Telecommunication and Media Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Tünde Szabó
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Piliscsaba, Hungary
| | | | - István Winkler
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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41
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Neural Switch Asymmetry in Feature-Based Auditory Attention Tasks. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2019; 20:205-215. [PMID: 30675674 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-018-00713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Active listening involves dynamically switching attention between competing talkers and is essential to following conversations in everyday environments. Previous investigations in human listeners have examined the neural mechanisms that support switching auditory attention within the acoustic featural cues of pitch and auditory space. Here, we explored the cortical circuitry underlying endogenous switching of auditory attention between pitch and spatial cues necessary to discern target from masker words. Because these tasks are of unequal difficulty, we expected an asymmetry in behavioral switch costs for hard-to-easy versus easy-to-hard switches, mirroring prior evidence from vision-based cognitive task-switching paradigms. We investigated the neural correlates of this behavioral switch asymmetry and associated cognitive control operations in the present auditory paradigm. Behaviorally, we observed no switch-cost asymmetry, i.e., no performance difference for switching from the more difficult attend-pitch to the easier attend-space condition (P→S) versus switching from easy-to-hard (S→P). However, left lateral prefrontal cortex activity, correlated with improved performance, was observed during a silent gap period when listeners switched attention from P→S, relative to switching within pitch cues. No such differential activity was seen for the analogous easy-to-hard switch. We hypothesize that this neural switch asymmetry reflects proactive cognitive control mechanisms that successfully reconfigured neurally-specified task parameters and resolved competition from other such "task sets," thereby obviating the expected behavioral switch-cost asymmetry. The neural switch activity observed was generally consistent with that seen in cognitive paradigms, suggesting that established cognitive models of attention switching may be productively applied to better understand similar processes in audition.
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42
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Han Q, Zhang Y, Liu D, Wang Y, Feng Y, Yin X, Wang J. Disrupted local neural activity and functional connectivity in subjective tinnitus patients: evidence from resting-state fMRI study. Neuroradiology 2018; 60:1193-1201. [PMID: 30159629 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-018-2087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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43
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Salmi J, Salmela V, Salo E, Mikkola K, Leppämäki S, Tani P, Hokkanen L, Laasonen M, Numminen J, Alho K. Out of focus – Brain attention control deficits in adult ADHD. Brain Res 2018; 1692:12-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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44
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Kim J, Kang I, Chung YA, Kim TS, Namgung E, Lee S, Oh JK, Jeong HS, Cho H, Kim MJ, Kim TD, Choi SH, Lim SM, Lyoo IK, Yoon S. Altered attentional control over the salience network in complex regional pain syndrome. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7466. [PMID: 29748588 PMCID: PMC5945627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25757-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The degree and salience of pain have been known to be constantly monitored and modulated by the brain. In the case of maladaptive neural responses as reported in centralized pain conditions such as complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), the perception of pain is amplified and remains elevated even without sustained peripheral pain inputs. Given that the attentional state of the brain greatly influences the perception and interpretation of pain, we investigated the role of the attention network and its dynamic interactions with other pain-related networks of the brain in CRPS. We examined alterations in the intra- and inter-network functional connectivities in 21 individuals with CRPS and 49 controls. CRPS-related reduction in intra-network functional connectivity was found in the attention network. Individuals with CRPS had greater inter-network connectivities between the attention and salience networks as compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, individuals within the CRPS group with high levels of pain catastrophizing showed greater inter-network connectivities between the attention and salience networks. Taken together, the current findings suggest that these altered connectivities may be potentially associated with the maladaptive pain coping as found in CRPS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungyoon Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womnans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ilhyang Kang
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womnans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Suk Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Namgung
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womnans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suji Lee
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womnans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Kyoung Oh
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeonseok S Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hanbyul Cho
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womnans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myeong Ju Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womnans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tammy D Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womnans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Choi
- School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, USA
| | - Soo Mee Lim
- Department of Radiology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Kyoon Lyoo
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womnans University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea. .,College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Sujung Yoon
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womnans University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
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45
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Abstract
Attentional blink (AB) refers to the situation where correctly identifying a target impairs the processing of a subsequent probe in a sequence of stimuli. Although the AB often coincides with a modulation of scalp-recorded cognitive event-related potentials (ERPs), the neural sources of this effect remain unclear. In two separate experiments, we used classical LORETA analysis recursively applied (CLARA) to estimate the neural sources of ERPs elicited by an auditory probe when it immediately followed an auditory target (i.e., AB condition), when no auditory target was present (i.e., no-AB condition), and when the probe followed an auditory target but occurred outside of the AB time window (i.e., no-AB condition). We observed a processing deficit when the probe immediately followed the target, and this auditory AB was accompanied by reduced P3b amplitude. Contrasting brain electrical source activity from the AB and no-AB conditions revealed reduced source activity in the medial temporal region as well as in the temporoparietal junction (extending into inferior parietal lobe), ventromedial prefrontal cortex, left anterior thalamic nuclei, mammillary body, and left cerebellum. The results indicate that successful probe identification following a target relies on a widely distributed brain network and further support the suggestion that the auditory AB reflects the failure of the probe to reach short-term consolidation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Within a rapid succession of auditory stimuli, the perception of a predefined target sound often impedes listeners' ability to detect another target sound that is presented close in succession. This attentional blink may be related to activity in brain areas supporting attention and memory. We show that the auditory attentional blink is associated with brain activity changes in a network including the medial temporal lobe, parietal cortex, and prefrontal cortex. This study suggests that a problem in the interaction between attention and memory underlies the auditory attentional blink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Shen
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Dominique T Vuvan
- Department of Psychology, Skidmore College , Saratoga Springs, New York
| | - Claude Alain
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care , Toronto, Ontario , Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
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46
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Xue F, Yue X, Fan Y, Cui J, Brauth SE, Tang Y, Fang G. Auditory neural networks involved in attention modulation prefer biologically significant sounds and exhibit sexual dimorphism in anurans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:jeb.167775. [PMID: 29361582 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.167775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Allocating attention to biologically relevant stimuli in a complex environment is critically important for survival and reproductive success. In humans, attention modulation is regulated by the frontal cortex, and is often reflected by changes in specific components of the event-related potential (ERP). Although brain networks for attention modulation have been widely studied in primates and avian species, little is known about attention modulation in amphibians. The present study aimed to investigate the attention modulation networks in an anuran species, the Emei music frog (Babina daunchina). Male music frogs produce advertisement calls from within underground nest burrows that modify the acoustic features of the calls, and both males and females prefer calls produced from inside burrows. We broadcast call stimuli to male and female music frogs while simultaneously recording electroencephalographic (EEG) signals from the telencephalon and mesencephalon. Granger causal connectivity analysis was used to elucidate functional brain networks within the time window of ERP components. The results show that calls produced from inside nests which are highly sexually attractive result in the strongest brain connections; both ascending and descending connections involving the left telencephalon were stronger in males while those in females were stronger with the right telencephalon. Our findings indicate that the frog brain allocates neural attention resources to highly attractive sounds within the window of early components of ERP, and that such processing is sexually dimorphic, presumably reflecting the different reproductive strategies of males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xue
- Department of Herpetology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.9 Section 4, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 26 Panda Road, Northern Suburb, Chengdu, Sichuan 610081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xizi Yue
- Department of Herpetology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.9 Section 4, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhu Fan
- Department of Herpetology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.9 Section 4, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Cui
- Department of Herpetology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.9 Section 4, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Steven E Brauth
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Yezhong Tang
- Department of Herpetology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.9 Section 4, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangzhan Fang
- Department of Herpetology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.9 Section 4, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
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47
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Wiegand K, Heiland S, Uhlig CH, Dykstra AR, Gutschalk A. Cortical networks for auditory detection with and without informational masking: Task effects and implications for conscious perception. Neuroimage 2018; 167:178-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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48
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Bareham CA, Georgieva SD, Kamke MR, Lloyd D, Bekinschtein TA, Mattingley JB. Role of the right inferior parietal cortex in auditory selective attention: An rTMS study. Cortex 2017; 99:30-38. [PMID: 29127879 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Selective attention is the process of directing limited capacity resources to behaviourally relevant stimuli while ignoring competing stimuli that are currently irrelevant. Studies in healthy human participants and in individuals with focal brain lesions have suggested that the right parietal cortex is crucial for resolving competition for attention. Following right-hemisphere damage, for example, patients may have difficulty reporting a brief, left-sided stimulus if it occurs with a competitor on the right, even though the same left stimulus is reported normally when it occurs alone. Such "extinction" of contralesional stimuli has been documented for all the major sense modalities, but it remains unclear whether its occurrence reflects involvement of one or more specific subregions of the temporo-parietal cortex. Here we employed repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the right hemisphere to examine the effect of disruption of two candidate regions - the supramarginal gyrus (SMG) and the superior temporal gyrus (STG) - on auditory selective attention. Eighteen neurologically normal, right-handed participants performed an auditory task, in which they had to detect target digits presented within simultaneous dichotic streams of spoken distractor letters in the left and right channels, both before and after 20 min of 1 Hz rTMS over the SMG, STG or a somatosensory control site (S1). Across blocks, participants were asked to report on auditory streams in the left, right, or both channels, which yielded focused and divided attention conditions. Performance was unchanged for the two focused attention conditions, regardless of stimulation site, but was selectively impaired for contralateral left-sided targets in the divided attention condition following stimulation of the right SMG, but not the STG or S1. Our findings suggest a causal role for the right inferior parietal cortex in auditory selective attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne A Bareham
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Australia; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Marc R Kamke
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - David Lloyd
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Tristan A Bekinschtein
- Department of Psychology, The University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jason B Mattingley
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Australia; School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Australia
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49
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López-Barroso D, de Diego-Balaguer R. Language Learning Variability within the Dorsal and Ventral Streams as a Cue for Compensatory Mechanisms in Aphasia Recovery. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:476. [PMID: 29021751 PMCID: PMC5623718 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dorsal and ventral pathways connecting perisylvian language areas have been shown to be functionally and anatomically segregated. Whereas the dorsal pathway integrates the sensory-motor information required for verbal repetition, the ventral pathway has classically been associated with semantic processes. The great individual differences characterizing language learning through life partly correlate with brain structure and function within these dorsal and ventral language networks. Variability and plasticity within these networks also underlie inter-individual differences in the recovery of linguistic abilities in aphasia. Despite the division of labor of the dorsal and ventral streams, studies in healthy individuals have shown how the interaction of them and the redundancy in the areas they connect allow for compensatory strategies in functions that are usually segregated. In this mini-review we highlight the need to examine compensatory mechanisms between streams in healthy individuals as a helpful guide to choosing the most appropriate rehabilitation strategies, using spared functions and targeting preserved compensatory networks for brain plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana López-Barroso
- Cognitive Neurology and Aphasia Unit, Cathedra ARPA of Aphasia, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Area of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Ruth de Diego-Balaguer
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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50
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Matsuzaki J, Kagitani-Shimono K, Sugata H, Hanaie R, Nagatani F, Yamamoto T, Tachibana M, Tominaga K, Hirata M, Mohri I, Taniike M. Delayed Mismatch Field Latencies in Autism Spectrum Disorder with Abnormal Auditory Sensitivity: A Magnetoencephalographic Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:446. [PMID: 28932189 PMCID: PMC5592220 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although abnormal auditory sensitivity is the most common sensory impairment associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the neurophysiological mechanisms remain unknown. In previous studies, we reported that this abnormal sensitivity in patients with ASD is associated with delayed and prolonged responses in the auditory cortex. In the present study, we investigated alterations in residual M100 and MMFs in children with ASD who experience abnormal auditory sensitivity. We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to measure MMF elicited by an auditory oddball paradigm (standard tones: 300 Hz, deviant tones: 700 Hz) in 20 boys with ASD (11 with abnormal auditory sensitivity: mean age, 9.62 ± 1.82 years, 9 without: mean age, 9.07 ± 1.31 years) and 13 typically developing boys (mean age, 9.45 ± 1.51 years). We found that temporal and frontal residual M100/MMF latencies were significantly longer only in children with ASD who have abnormal auditory sensitivity. In addition, prolonged residual M100/MMF latencies were correlated with the severity of abnormal auditory sensitivity in temporal and frontal areas of both hemispheres. Therefore, our findings suggest that children with ASD and abnormal auditory sensitivity may have atypical neural networks in the primary auditory area, as well as in brain areas associated with attention switching and inhibitory control processing. This is the first report of an MEG study demonstrating altered MMFs to an auditory oddball paradigm in patients with ASD and abnormal auditory sensitivity. These findings contribute to knowledge of the mechanisms for abnormal auditory sensitivity in ASD, and may therefore facilitate development of novel clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Matsuzaki
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsaka, Japan.,Division of Developmental Neuroscience, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsaka, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsaka, Japan
| | - Kuriko Kagitani-Shimono
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsaka, Japan.,Division of Developmental Neuroscience, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsaka, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsaka, Japan
| | - Hisato Sugata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsaka, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Hanaie
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsaka, Japan.,Division of Developmental Neuroscience, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsaka, Japan
| | - Fumiyo Nagatani
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsaka, Japan
| | - Tomoka Yamamoto
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsaka, Japan
| | - Masaya Tachibana
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsaka, Japan.,Division of Developmental Neuroscience, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsaka, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsaka, Japan
| | - Koji Tominaga
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsaka, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hirata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsaka, Japan.,Endowed Research Department of Clinical Neuroengineering, Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | - Ikuko Mohri
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsaka, Japan.,Division of Developmental Neuroscience, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsaka, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsaka, Japan
| | - Masako Taniike
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsaka, Japan.,Division of Developmental Neuroscience, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsaka, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsaka, Japan
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