1
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D'Oliveira da Silva F, Zaveri NT, Moulédous L. Acute single non-sedative doses of NOP receptor agonists affect acquisition of object location memory but repeated high doses do not induce long-lasting deficits. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2023; 205:107841. [PMID: 37832816 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) system has been shown to modulate various aspects of long-term memory. It is therefore important to study the effects on memory impairment by nociceptin receptor (NOP) agonists under preclinical development. In the present study, we investigated the effect of systemic injection of two small molecule selective NOP agonists, AT-202 and AT-524, in the object location memory task in male and female mice. Since high doses of NOP agonists have been shown to induce sedation, we first determined the sedative doses for the two compounds and found them to be higher in female than in male mice. We then observed that sub-sedative doses of NOP agonists administered before learning, induced memory impairment during a test session performed 24 h later. Again, female mice were less sensitive to the amnesic effects than males. On the contrary, in male mice, NOP agonists did not produce amnesia when they were injected after learning, suggesting that they do not affect the consolidation of object location memory. Finally, repeated administration of high doses of NOP agonists over 7 days did not impair long-term spatial memory. Together, our data show for the first time that NOP receptor agonists impair the acquisition of object location memory with sex-dependent potency but do not affect memory consolidation, and that repeated stimulation of the receptor does not compromise long-term episodic-like spatial memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora D'Oliveira da Silva
- Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center of Integrative Biology (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS UMR-5169, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Lionel Moulédous
- Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center of Integrative Biology (CBI), University of Toulouse, CNRS UMR-5169, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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2
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Ke X, Huang Y, Fu Q, Majnik A, Sampath V, Lane RH. Adverse maternal environment alters Oprl1 variant expression in mouse hippocampus. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:162-175. [PMID: 35983908 PMCID: PMC10087895 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
An adverse maternal environment (AME) and Western diet (WD) in early life predispose offspring toward cognitive impairment in humans and mice. Cognitive impairment associates with hippocampal dysfunction. An important regulator of hippocampal function is the hippocampal Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) system. Previous studies find links between dysregulation of hippocampal N/OFQ receptor (NOP) expression and impaired cognitive function. NOP is encoded by the opioid receptor-like 1 (Oprl1) gene that contains multiple mRNA variants and isoforms. Regulation of Oprl1 expression includes histone modifications within the promoter. We tested the hypothesis that an AME and a postweaning WD increase the expression of hippocampal Oprl1 and select variants concurrent with altered histone code in the promoter. We created an AME-WD model combining maternal WD and prenatal environmental stress plus postweaning WD in the mouse. We analyzed the hippocampal expression of Oprl1, Oprl1 variants, and histone modifications in the Oprl1 promoter in offspring at postnatal day (P) 21 and P100. An AME and an AME-WD significantly increased the total hippocampal expression of Oprl1 and variant V4 concurrently with an increased accumulation of active histone marks in the promoter of male offspring. We concluded that an AME and an AME-WD alter hippocampal Oprl1 expression in offspring through an epigenetic mechanism in a variant-specific and sex-specific manner. Altered hippocampal Oprl1 expression may contribute to cognitive impairment seen in adult males in this model. Epigenetic regulation of Oprl1 is a potential mechanism by which an AME and a WD may contribute to neurocognitive impairment in male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingrao Ke
- Department of Research Administration, Children Mercy Research Institute, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Yingliu Huang
- Department of Neurology, Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qi Fu
- Department of Research Administration, Children Mercy Research Institute, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Amber Majnik
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Venkatesh Sampath
- Department of Research Administration, Children Mercy Research Institute, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Robert H Lane
- Department of Research Administration, Children Mercy Research Institute, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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3
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Holanda VAD, Oliveira MC, Da Silva Junior ED, Calo' G, Ruzza C, Gavioli EC. Blockade of nociceptin/orphanin FQ signaling facilitates an active copying strategy due to acute and repeated stressful stimuli in mice. Neurobiol Stress 2020; 13:100255. [PMID: 33344710 PMCID: PMC7739191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of stress in the etiology of depression has been largely reported. In this line, exogenous glucocorticoids are employed to mimic the influence of stress on the development of depression. The N/OFQ-NOP receptor system has been implicated in the modulation of stress and emotional behaviors. In fact, the blockade of NOP receptors induces antidepressant effects and increases resilience to acute stress. This study investigated the effects of the NOP receptor blockade on dexamethasone-treated mice exposed to acute and prolonged swimming stress. Swiss and NOP(+/+) and NOP(−/−) mice were treated with dexamethasone, and the protective effects of the NOP antagonist SB-612111 (10 mg/kg, ip) or imipramine (20 mg/kg, ip) were investigated in three swimming sessions. The re-exposure to swim stress increased immobility time in Swiss and NOP(+/+), but not in NOP(−/−) mice. Acute and repeated dexamethasone administration induced a further increase in the immobility time, and facilitated body weight loss in Swiss mice. Single administration of SB-612111, but not imipramine, prevented swimming stress- and dexamethasone-induced increase in the immobility time. Repeated administrations of SB-612111 prevented the deleterious effects of 5 days of dexamethasone treatment. Imipramine also partially prevented the effects of repeated glucocorticoid administration on the immobility time, but did not affect the body weight loss. NOP(−/−) mice were more resistant than NOP(+/+) mice to inescapable swimming stress, but not dexamethasone-induced increase in the immobility time and body weight loss. In conclusion, the blockade of the NOP receptor facilitates an active stress copying response and attenuates body weight loss due to repeated stress.
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Key Words
- ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone
- CRF, corticotrophin releasing factor
- Dexamethasone
- Forced swimming test
- GR, glucocorticoid receptor
- HPA, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MR, mineralocorticoid receptor
- Mouse
- N/OFQ, nociceptin/orphanin FQ
- NOP receptor
- NOP, nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide receptor
- Nociceptin/orphanin FQ
- POMC, opiomelanocortin
- SB-612111
- SPF, specific pathogen-free
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A D Holanda
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Matheus C Oliveira
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Edilson D Da Silva Junior
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Girolamo Calo'
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Ruzza
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Technopole of Ferrara, LTTA Laboratory for Advanced Therapies, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elaine C Gavioli
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
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4
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Holanda VAD, Pacifico S, Azevedo Neto J, Finetti L, Lobão-Soares B, Calo G, Gavioli EC, Ruzza C. Modulation of the NOP receptor signaling affects resilience to acute stress. J Psychopharmacol 2019; 33:1540-1549. [PMID: 31337258 DOI: 10.1177/0269881119864942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The peptide nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) and its receptor (NOP) are implicated in the modulation of emotional states. Previous human and rodent findings support NOP antagonists as antidepressants. However, the role played by the N/OFQ-NOP receptor system in resilience to stress is unclear. AIMS The present study investigated the effects of activation or blockade of NOP receptor signaling before exposure to acute stress. METHODS The behavioral effects of the administration before stress of the NOP agonists Ro 65-6570 (0.01-1 mg/kg) and MCOPPB (0.1-10 mg/kg), and the NOP antagonist SB-612111 (1-10 mg/kg) were assessed in mice exposed to inescapable electric footshock and forced swim as stressors. The behavioral phenotype of mice lacking the NOP receptor (NOP(-/-)) exposed to inescapable electric footshock was also investigated. RESULTS The activation of NOP receptor signaling with the agonists increased the percentage of mice developing helpless behavior and facilitated immobile posture. In contrast, the blockade of NOP receptor reduced the acquisition of depressive-like phenotypes, and similar resistance to develop helpless behaviors was observed in NOP(-/-) mice. Under the same stressful conditions, the antidepressant nortriptyline (20 mg/kg) did not change the acquisition of helpless behavior and immobile posture. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the view that NOP activation during acute stress facilitates the development of depressive-related behaviors, whereas NOP blockade has a protective outcome. This study showed for first time that NOP antagonists are worthy of investigation as preemptive treatments in patients with severe risk factors for depression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Benzimidazoles/administration & dosage
- Benzimidazoles/pharmacology
- Cycloheptanes/administration & dosage
- Cycloheptanes/pharmacology
- Depression/drug therapy
- Depression/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- Imidazoles/administration & dosage
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Nortriptyline/pharmacology
- Opioid Peptides/metabolism
- Piperidines/administration & dosage
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Receptors, Opioid/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid/metabolism
- Resilience, Psychological/drug effects
- Spiro Compounds/administration & dosage
- Spiro Compounds/pharmacology
- Stress, Psychological/drug therapy
- Stress, Psychological/physiopathology
- Nociceptin Receptor
- Nociceptin
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A D Holanda
- Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Salvatore Pacifico
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Joaquim Azevedo Neto
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca Finetti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Bruno Lobão-Soares
- Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Girolamo Calo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elaine C Gavioli
- Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Chiara Ruzza
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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5
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Guo H, Xie Q, Cui J, Xu D, Deji C, Chen Y, Wang Y, Lai J. Naloxone reversed cognitive impairments induced by repeated morphine under heavy perceptual load in the 5-choice serial reaction time task. J Neurosci Res 2019; 97:1051-1065. [PMID: 31081159 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Repeated opioids abuse may produce long-lasting and complicated cognitive deficits in individuals. Naloxone is a typical mu-opioid receptor antagonist widely used in clinical treatment for opioid overdose and opioid abuse. However, it remains unclear whether naloxone affects morphine-induced cognitive deficits. Using the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT), the present study investigated cognitive profiles including attention, impulsivity, compulsivity, and processing speed in repeated morphine-treated mice. Repeated morphine administration (10 mg/kg, i.p.) induced complex cognitive changes including decreased attention and increased impulsivity, compulsivity, processing speed. Systemic naloxone administration (5 mg/kg, i.p.) reversed these cognitive changes under the heavy perceptual load in 5-CSRTT. Using the novel object recognition (NOR), Y-maze and open-field test (OFT), the present study investigated the memory ability and locomotor activity. Naloxone reversed the effect of morphine on recognition memory and locomotion but had no effect on working memory. In addition, repeated morphine administration decreased the expression of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIP), and these effects were significantly reversed by naloxone in PFC. Our study suggests that repeated exposure to morphine affects multiple cognitive aspects and impairs synaptic functions. Systemic naloxone treatment reverses the mu-opioids-induced cognitive changes, especially under the heavy perceptual load, possibly by restoring the synaptic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiaoli Xie
- College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingjing Cui
- College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan Xu
- College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cuola Deji
- College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianghua Lai
- College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Public Health for Forensic Science, Xi'an, China
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6
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Abstract
Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) is an endogenous neuropeptide of 17 amino acids, related to opioid peptides but with its own receptor, distinct from conventional opioid receptors, the ORL1 or NOP receptor. The NOP receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor which activates Gi/o proteins and thus induces an inhibition of neuronal activity. The peptide and its receptor are widely expressed in the central nervous system with a high density of receptors in regions involved in learning and memory. This review describes the consequences of the pharmacological manipulation of the N/OFQ system by NOP receptor ligands on learning processes and on the consolidation of various types of long-term memory. We also discuss the role of endogenous N/OFQ release in the modulation of learning and memory. Finally we propose several putative neuronal mechanisms taking place at the level of the hippocampus and amygdala and possibly underlying the behavioral amnestic or promnesic effects of NOP ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Moulédous
- Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center for Integrative Biology (CBI), Toulouse University, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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7
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Abstract
Since the discovery of the NOP receptor and N/OFQ as the endogenous ligand, evidence has appeared demonstrating the involvement of this receptor system in pain. This was not surprising for members of the opioid receptor and peptide families, particularly since both the receptor and N/OFQ are highly expressed in brain regions involved in pain, spinal cord, and dorsal root ganglia. What has been surprising is the complicated picture that has emerged from 25 years of research. The original finding that N/OFQ decreased tail flick and hotplate latency, when administered i.c.v., led to the hypothesis that NOP receptor antagonists could have analgesic activity without abuse liability. However, as data accumulated, it became clear that not only the potency but the activity per se was different when N/OFQ or small molecule NOP agonists were administered in the brain versus the spinal cord and it also depended upon the pain assay used. When administered systemically, NOP receptor agonists are generally ineffective in attenuating heat pain but are antinociceptive in an acute inflammatory pain model. Most antagonists administered systemically have no antinociceptive activity of their own, even though selective peptide NOP antagonists have potent antinociceptive activity when administered i.c.v. Chronic pain models provide different results as well, as small molecule NOP receptor agonists have potent anti-allodynic and anti-hyperalgesic activity after systemic administration. A considerable number of electrophysiological and anatomical experiments, in particular with NOP-eGFP mice, have been conducted in an attempt to explain the complicated profile resulting from NOP receptor modulation, to examine receptor plasticity, and to elucidate mechanisms by which selective NOP agonists, bifunctional NOP/mu agonists, or NOP receptor antagonists modulate acute and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Toll
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
| | - Akihiko Ozawa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Andrea Cippitelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
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8
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Witkin JM, Wallace TL, Martin WJ. Therapeutic Approaches for NOP Receptor Antagonists in Neurobehavioral Disorders: Clinical Studies in Major Depressive Disorder and Alcohol Use Disorder with BTRX-246040 (LY2940094). Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 254:399-415. [PMID: 30701317 DOI: 10.1007/164_2018_186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Conventional antidepressants increase the efflux of biogenic amine neurotransmitters (the monoamine hypothesis of depression) in the central nervous system (CNS) and are the principle drugs used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the lack of efficacy in some patients, the slow onset of action, and the side effect profiles of existing antidepressants necessitate the exploration of additional treatment options. The discovery of the nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide NOP receptor (N/OFQ-NOP receptor) system and its characterization in preclinical biological and pharmacological stress-related conditions supports the potential antidepressant and anti-stress properties of a NOP receptor antagonist for the treatment of neurobehavioral disorders. BTRX-246040 (formerly LY2940094) was designed to test this hypothesis in the clinic. A small clinical proof of concept study demonstrated efficacy of BTRX-246040 in MDD patients. In this study, BTRX-246040 (40 mg, p.o.) significantly reduced negative bias as assessed by the facial recognition test within 1 week of treatment and decreased depression symptoms after 8 weeks. BTRX-246040 also reduced depression symptoms in a second trial with heavy alcohol drinkers. Given the comorbidity of MDD and alcohol use disorder, a compound with such effects in patients could be a valuable addition to the medications available. A proof of concept study showed efficacy of BTRX-246040 in reducing heavy drinking and increasing the probability of abstinence in individuals diagnosed with alcohol dependence. In addition, plasma levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase were decreased by BTRX-246040 compared to placebo control implying improvement in liver function. Collectively, the clinical data reviewed within this chapter suggest that BTRX-264040 functions to normalize dysfunction in reward circuits. The overall efficacy and safety of this compound with a novel mechanism of action are encouraging of further clinical development. BTRX-246040 is currently under development for MDD by BlackThorn Therapeutics.
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9
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Khan MS, Boileau I, Kolla N, Mizrahi R. A systematic review of the role of the nociceptin receptor system in stress, cognition, and reward: relevance to schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:38. [PMID: 29391391 PMCID: PMC5804030 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-017-0080-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a debilitating neuropsychiatric illness that is characterized by positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. Research over the past two decades suggests that the nociceptin receptor system may be involved in domains affected in schizophrenia, based on evidence aligning it with hallmark features of the disorder. First, aberrant glutamatergic and striatal dopaminergic function are associated with psychotic symptoms, and the nociceptin receptor system has been shown to regulate dopamine and glutamate transmission. Second, stress is a critical risk factor for first break and relapse in schizophrenia, and evidence suggests that the nociceptin receptor system is also directly involved in stress modulation. Third, cognitive deficits are prevalent in schizophrenia, and the nociceptin receptor system has significant impact on learning and working memory. Last, reward processing is disrupted in schizophrenia, and nociceptin signaling has been shown to regulate reward cue salience. These findings provide the foundation for the involvement of the nociceptin receptor system in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and outline the need for future research into this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Khan
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Nathan Kolla
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Romina Mizrahi
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
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10
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Zaveri NT, Marquez PV, Meyer ME, Hamid A, Lutfy K. The Nociceptin Receptor (NOP) Agonist AT-312 Blocks Acquisition of Morphine- and Cocaine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference in Mice. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:638. [PMID: 30555362 PMCID: PMC6281746 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of drug addiction remains an unmet medical need due to the dearth of approved pharmacotherapies. There are no approved treatments for cocaine addiction, whereas the current opioid crisis has revealed the stark reality of the limited options to treat prescription and illicit opioid abuse. Preclinical studies in rodents and nonhuman primates have shown that orphanin FQ/nociceptin (N/OFQ), the endogenous ligand for the nociceptin opioid receptor (NOP) reduces the rewarding effects of several abused substances, including opioids, psychostimulants and alcohol. A few nonpeptide small-molecule NOP agonists have also shown efficacy in attenuating the rewarding effects of various abused drugs. We previously demonstrated that a high affinity small-molecule NOP agonist AT-312 selectively reduced the rewarding effects of ethanol in the conditioned place preference paradigm in mice. In the present study, we examined if AT-312 (3 mg/kg, i.p. or s.c. respectively), would alter the rewarding action of morphine (7.5 mg/kg, s.c.) or cocaine (15 mg/kg, i.p.). The effect of AT-312 on morphine- and cocaine-induced motor stimulation was also assessed on the conditioning days. The role of the NOP receptor in the effects of AT-312 was further confirmed by conducting the place conditioning experiments in NOP knockout mice and compared to their wild-type controls. Our results showed that AT-312 significantly reduced the acquisition of morphine and cocaine CPP in wild-type mice but not in mice lacking NOP receptors. AT-312 also suppressed morphine-induced and completely abolished cocaine-induced motor stimulation in NOP wild-type mice, but not in NOP knockout mice. These results show that small-molecule NOP receptor agonists have promising efficacy for attenuating the rewarding effects of morphine and cocaine, and may have potential as pharmacotherapy for opioid and psychostimulant addiction or for treating polydrug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurulain T Zaveri
- Astraea Therapeutics, LLC, Mountain View, California, CA, United States
| | - Paul V Marquez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Michael E Meyer
- Astraea Therapeutics, LLC, Mountain View, California, CA, United States
| | - Abdul Hamid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Kabirullah Lutfy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
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11
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Adem A, Madjid N, Kahl U, Holst S, Sadek B, Sandin J, Terenius L, Ögren SO. Nociceptin and the NOP receptor in aversive learning in mice. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 27:1298-1307. [PMID: 29102248 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The endogenous neuropeptide nociceptin (N/OFQ), which mediates its actions via the nociceptin receptor (NOP), is implicated in multiple behavioural and physiological functions. This study examined the effects of the NOP agonists N/OFQ and the synthetic agonist Ro 64-6198, the antagonists NNN and NalBzoH, as well as deletion of the Pronociceptin gene on emotional memory in mice. The animals were tested in the passive avoidance (PA) task, dependent on hippocampal and amygdala functions. N/OFQ injected intraventricularly (i.c.v.) prior to training produced a biphasic effect on PA retention; facilitation at a low dose and impairment at higher doses. Ro 64-6198 also displayed a biphasic effect with memory facilitation at lower doses and impairment at a high dose. None of the agonists influenced PA training latencies. NNN did not significantly modulate retention in the PA task but antagonized the inhibitory effects of N/OFQ. NalBzoH facilitated memory retention in a dose-dependent manner and blocked the impairing effects of N/OFQ. However, neither NNN nor NalBzoH blocked the memory-impairing effects of Ro 64-6198. Finally, the Pnoc knockout mice exhibited enhanced PA retention latencies compared to the wild type mice. The biphasic effect of the natural ligand and Ro 64-6198 and the failure of the antagonists to block the action of Ro 64-6198 indicate complexity in ligand-receptor interaction. These results indicate that brain nociceptin and its NOP has a subtle role in regulation of mechanisms of relevance for treatment of disorders with processing disturbances of aversive events e.g. Alzheimer's disease, anxiety, depression and PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdu Adem
- Department of Neuroscience, Retzius väg 8, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Nather Madjid
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences UAE University, Al Ain, UAE; Department of Neuroscience, Retzius väg 8, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Kahl
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Sarah Holst
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Bassem Sadek
- Department of Neuroscience, Retzius väg 8, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Sandin
- AlzeCure Foundation, Karolinska Institutet Science Park, Hälsovägen 7, S-141 57 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Terenius
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, CMM L8:01, Karolinska University Hospital, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven Ove Ögren
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences UAE University, Al Ain, UAE.
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Rekik K, Faria Da Silva R, Colom M, Pacifico S, Zaveri NT, Calo' G, Rampon C, Frances B, Mouledous L. Activation of nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptors inhibits contextual fear memory reconsolidation. Neuropharmacology 2017; 125:39-49. [PMID: 28705439 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Several neuropeptidergic systems act as modulators of cognitive performances. Among them, nociceptin, an opioid-like peptide also known as orphanin FQ (N/OFQ), has recently gained attention. Stimulation of its receptor, the N/OFQ opioid receptor (NOP), which is expressed in brain regions involved in emotion, memory and stress response, has inhibitory effects on the acquisition and/or consolidation of spatial and emotional memory in rodents. Recently, N/OFQ was also proposed to be linked to the pathogenesis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in humans. However, until now the effect of the activation of the N/OFQ-NOP system on already consolidated memory, such as during retrieval and reconsolidation phases, has never been explored. In the present study, we investigated the consequences of systemic injection of NOP agonists or i.c.v. injection of the N/OFQ peptide on the retrieval and the reconsolidation of contextual fear memory in mice. We demonstrate that the activation of the N/OFQ system impairs the reconsolidation of context-dependent but not cue-dependent aversive memories. We also show that this amnestic effect is associated with decreased c-Fos expression in the hippocampus and amygdala. Our data thus provide the first evidence that the NOP receptor could be targeted during the reconsolidation process to weaken maladaptive memories. The N/OFQ-NOP system might constitute in the future an interesting pharmacological target for interfering with so-called "pathological memories", in particular those involving maladaptive contextual memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaoula Rekik
- Research Center on Animal Cognition, Center for Integrative Biology, Toulouse University, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Raquel Faria Da Silva
- Research Center on Animal Cognition, Center for Integrative Biology, Toulouse University, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Morgane Colom
- Research Center on Animal Cognition, Center for Integrative Biology, Toulouse University, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Salvatore Pacifico
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nurulain T Zaveri
- Astraea Therapeutic LLC, 320 Logue Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - Girolamo Calo'
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claire Rampon
- Research Center on Animal Cognition, Center for Integrative Biology, Toulouse University, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Bernard Frances
- Research Center on Animal Cognition, Center for Integrative Biology, Toulouse University, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Lionel Mouledous
- Research Center on Animal Cognition, Center for Integrative Biology, Toulouse University, CNRS, UPS, France.
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13
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Thomas SA. Neuromodulatory signaling in hippocampus-dependent memory retrieval. Hippocampus 2015; 25:415-31. [PMID: 25475876 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Considerable advances have been made toward understanding the molecular signaling events that underlie memory acquisition and consolidation. In contrast, less is known about memory retrieval, despite its necessity for utilizing learned information. This review focuses on neuromodulatory and intracellular signaling events that underlie memory retrieval mediated by the hippocampus, for which the most information is currently available. Among neuromodulators, adrenergic signaling is required for the retrieval of various types of hippocampus-dependent memory. Although they contribute to acquisition and/or consolidation, cholinergic and dopaminergic signaling are generally not required for retrieval. Interestingly, while not required for retrieval, serotonergic and opioid signaling may actually constrain memory retrieval. Roles for histamine and non-opioid neuropeptides are currently unclear but possible. A critical effector of adrenergic signaling in retrieval is reduction of the slow afterhyperpolarization mediated by β1 receptors, cyclic AMP, protein kinase A, Epac, and possibly ERK. In contrast, stress and glucocorticoids impair retrieval by decreasing cyclic AMP, mediated in part by the activation of β2 -adrenergic receptors. Clinically, alterations in neuromodulatory signaling and in memory retrieval occur in Alzheimer's disease, Down syndrome, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder, and recent evidence has begun to link changes in neuromodulatory signaling with effects on memory retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Thomas
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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14
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Andero R. Nociceptin and the nociceptin receptor in learning and memory. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 62:45-50. [PMID: 25724763 PMCID: PMC4458422 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
There are many processes in which the neuropeptide nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ or nociceptin) is involved in the brain. The role of nociceptin in learning and memory holds promise in modulating these processes in health and disease in the human brain. This review summarizes the body of research focused on N/OFQ and its specific receptor, the nociceptin receptor (NOP receptor), in learning and memory, and its potential mechanisms of action, in which acetylcholine, NMDA receptor, and noradrenaline may be critical. Finally, the association between NOP receptor and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a psychiatric disorder with altered fear learning, is examined as one of the potential outcomes resulting from pathological consequences of dysregulation of N/OFQ-NOP receptor in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raül Andero
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
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15
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Abstract
In the past decades, a large number of neuropeptides with unknown functions have been identified in the brain. Among the newly discovered peptides, nociceptin or orphanin-FQ (N/OFQ) peptide has attracted considerable attention because of its sequence homology with the opioid peptide family. N/OFQ and its cognate receptor (NOP receptor) are distributed widely in the mammalian central nervous system, though particularly intense expression is found in corticolimbic structures. Such distinctive pattern of expression suggests a key role of N/OFQ system in higher brain functions, such as cognition and emotion. In this chapter, we will outline the findings supporting the role played by N/OFQ and NOP receptors in learning and memory and discuss the underlying mechanisms.
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16
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Asth L, Correia N, Lobão-Soares B, De Lima TCM, Guerrini R, Calo' G, Soares-Rachetti VP, Gavioli EC. Nociceptin/orphanin FQ induces simultaneously anxiolytic and amnesic effects in the mouse elevated T-maze task. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 388:33-41. [PMID: 25319847 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-1055-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown a close relationship between anxiety and aversive memory processing, but few animal models are suitable for investigating the effects of a given compound on anxiety and memory simultaneously. A growing body of evidence suggests anxiolytic and amnesic effects of nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ). The mouse elevated T-maze (ETM) has been shown to detect the effects of drugs on anxiety and memory at the same time. In this study, the effects of intracerebroventricular N/OFQ injected before or immediately after training session were assessed in the ETM task. When pretraining injected, N/OFQ 0.1 nmol significantly decreased the latency to enter an open arm in the training session compared to control, which is suggestive of anxiolysis. In addition, N/OFQ (0.1 and 1 nmol) significantly reduced the latency to enter an open arm during the test session compared to control, thus suggesting memory impairments. However, when N/OFQ was administered posttraining, it did not affect memory retrieval. No alterations in locomotion were detected in N/OFQ-treated mice in the open field test. In conclusion, these findings are discussed considering the simultaneous anxiolytic and amnesic effects of N/OFQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Asth
- Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, s/n, Campus Universitário-Lagoa Nova, Natal, 59072-970, RN, Brazil
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17
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Wang Y, Yue W, Wang W, Yu J, Liu R, Wang P, Cao Y, Zhang Q, Wang X, Qu L. Nociceptin/orphanin FQ-induced inhibition of delayed rectifier potassium currents by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II. Neuroreport 2014; 25:1227-31. [PMID: 25171201 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) has been shown to inhibit delayed rectifier potassium current (IK) in acutely dissociated rat parietal cortical neurons. However, the detailed mechanism of N/OFQ-induced inhibition on IK is not clear. This study is the first to explore an involvement of calcium/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase type II (CaMKII) in mediating N/OFQ-induced responses. Utilizing pharmacological inhibitors of CaM and CaMKII, we have investigated the contribution of CaMKII in N/OFQ-induced effects using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. In whole-cell voltage clamp, W-7 (100 μM), an antagonist of CaM, as well as KN-62, an inhibitor of CaMKII activity, attenuated the inhibitory effects of N/OFQ on IK. Activation and inactivation analysis indicated that the kinetics of IK were altered by N/OFQ, with decreased activation and promoted inactivation of IK. W-7 and KN-62 (10 μM) partly abolished the activation and inactivation curves shift of IK induced by N/OFQ. These findings show that CaMKII plays a critical role in N/OFQ-induced inhibition of IK in acutely dissociated rat parietal cortical neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wang
- aDepartment of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing bDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital cDepartment of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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18
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Vallès A, Granic I, De Weerd P, Martens GJM. Molecular correlates of cortical network modulation by long-term sensory experience in the adult rat barrel cortex. Learn Mem 2014; 21:305-10. [PMID: 25171421 PMCID: PMC4024621 DOI: 10.1101/lm.034827.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of cortical network connectivity is crucial for an adaptive response to experience. In the rat barrel cortex, long-term sensory stimulation induces cortical network modifications and neuronal response changes of which the molecular basis is unknown. Here, we show that long-term somatosensory stimulation by enriched environment up-regulates cortical expression of neuropeptide mRNAs and down-regulates immediate-early gene (IEG) mRNAs specifically in the barrel cortex, and not in other brain regions. The present data suggest a central role of neuropeptides in the fine-tuning of sensory cortical circuits by long-term experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Vallès
- Department of Neurocognition, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour (Centre for Neuroscience), Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ivica Granic
- Department of Neurocognition, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour (Centre for Neuroscience), Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter De Weerd
- Department of Neurocognition, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour (Centre for Neuroscience), Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard J M Martens
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour (Centre for Neuroscience), Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Witkin JM, Statnick MA, Rorick-Kehn LM, Pintar JE, Ansonoff M, Chen Y, Tucker RC, Ciccocioppo R. The biology of Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) related to obesity, stress, anxiety, mood, and drug dependence. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 141:283-99. [PMID: 24189487 PMCID: PMC5098338 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) is a 17 amino acid peptide that was deorphanized in 1995. The generation of specific agonists, antagonists and receptor deficient mice and rats has enabled progress in elucidating the biological functions of N/OFQ. Additionally, radio-imaging technologies have been advanced for investigation of this system in animals and humans. Together with traditional neurobehavioral techniques, these tools have been utilized to identify the biological significance of the N/OFQ system and its interacting partners. The present review focuses on the role of N/OFQ in the regulation of feeding, body weight homeostasis, stress, the stress-related psychiatric disorders of depression and anxiety, and in drug and alcohol dependence. Critical evaluation of the current scientific preclinical literature suggests that small molecule modulators of nociceptin opioid peptide receptors (NOP) might be useful in the treatment of diseases related to these biological functions. In particular, the literature data suggest that antagonism of NOP receptors will produce anti-obesity and antidepressant activities in humans. However, there are also contradictory data discussed. The current literature on the role of N/OFQ in anxiety and addiction, on the other hand points primarily to a role of agonist modulation being potentially therapeutic. Some drug-like molecules that function either as agonists or antagonists of NOP receptors have been optimized for human clinical study to test some of these hypotheses. The discovery of PET ligands for NOP receptors, combined with the pharmacological tools and burgeoning preclinical data set discussed here bodes well for a rapid advancement of clinical understanding and potential therapeutic benefit.
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Key Words
- (1S,3aS)-8- (2,3,3a,4,5,6-hexahydro-1H-phenalen-1-yl)-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one, a NOP receptor agonist
- (±)trans-1-[1-cyclooctylmethyl-3-hydroxymethyl-4-piperidyl]-3-ethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one, a NOP receptor antagonist
- 2-{3-[1-((1R)-acenaphthen-1-yl)piperidin-4-yl]-2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-benzimidazol-1-yl}-N-methylacetamide, a NOP receptor agonist
- 5-HT
- 5-hydroxytryptamine or serotonin
- 8-[bis(2-methylphenyl)-methyl]-3-phenyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-ol
- ACTH
- Alcohol-preferring rats
- Anxiety
- BED
- BNST
- CGRP
- CPP
- CRF
- CTA
- Calcitonin gene related peptide
- CeA
- DA
- Depression
- Drug dependence
- EPSC
- FST
- G-protein activated, inwardly rectifying K(+) channel
- G-protein-coupled receptor
- GIRK
- GPCR
- HPA
- J-113397
- JTC-801
- KO
- MDD
- Marchigian Sardinian Alcohol-Preferring
- N-(4-amino-2-methylquinolin-6-yl)-2-(4-ethylphenoxymethyl)benzamide hydrochloride, a NOP receptor antagonist
- N/OFQ
- NAcc
- NE
- NOP
- NPY
- Nociceptin opioid peptide or Nociceptin opioid peptide receptor
- Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ
- Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (F: phenylalanine, Q: glutamine, the amino acids that begin and end the peptide sequence)
- ORL
- Obesity
- P rats
- POMC
- Pro-opiomelanocortin
- Ro 64-6198
- SB-612111
- SCH 221510
- SCH 655842
- Stress
- TST
- UFP-101
- VTA
- W212393
- [(–)-cis-1-methyl-7-[[4-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)piperidin-1-yl]methyl]-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzocyclohepten-5-ol, a NOP receptor antagonist
- [Nphe(1),Arg(14),Lys(15)]N/OFQ-NH(2), a NOP receptor antagonist
- adrenocorticotropic hormone
- bed nucleus of stria terminalis
- binge eating disorder
- central nucleus of the amygdala
- conditioned place preference
- conditioned taste aversion
- corticotrophin-releasing factor
- dopamine
- endo-8-[bis(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]-3-phenyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3-carboxamide, a NOP receptor agonist
- excitatory post-synaptic current
- forced-swim test
- hypothalamic–pituitary axis
- knockout
- mPFC
- major depressive disorder
- medial prefrontal cortex
- msP
- neuropeptide Y
- norepinephrine
- nucleus accumbens
- opioid-receptor-like
- tail-suspension test
- ventral tegmental area
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Witkin
- Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | | | | | - John E Pintar
- University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Michael Ansonoff
- University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Yanyun Chen
- Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - R Craig Tucker
- Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Mallimo EM, Kusnecov AW. The role of orphanin FQ/nociceptin in neuroplasticity: relationship to stress, anxiety and neuroinflammation. Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 7:173. [PMID: 24155687 PMCID: PMC3792366 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptide, orphanin FQ/nociceptin (OFQ/N or simply, nociceptin), is expressed in both neuronal and non-neuronal tissue, including the immune system. In the brain, OFQ/N has been investigated in relation to stress, anxiety, learning and memory, and addiction. More recently, it has also been found that OFQ/N influences glial cell functions, including oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglial cells. However, this latter research is relatively small, but potentially important, when observations regarding the relationship of OFQ/N to stress and emotional functions is taken into consideration and integrated with the growing evidence for its involvement in cells that mediate inflammatory events. This review will first provide an overview and understanding of how OFQ/N has been implicated in the HPA axis response to stress, followed by an understanding of its influence on natural and learned anxiety-like behavior. What emerges from an examination of the literature is a neuropeptide that appears to counteract anxiogenic influences, but paradoxically, without attenuating HPA axis responses generated in response to stress. Studies utilized both central administration of OFQ/N, which was shown to activate the HPA axis, as well as antagonism of NOP-R, the OFQ/N receptor. In contrast, antagonist or transgenic OFQ/N or NOP-R knockout studies, showed augmentation of HPA axis responses to stress, suggesting that OFQ/N may be needed to control the magnitude of the HPA axis response to stress. Investigations of behavior in standard exploratory tests of anxiogenic behavior (eg., elevated plus maze) or learned fear responses have suggested that OFQ/N is needed to attenuate fear or anxiety-like behavior. However, some discrepant observations, in particular, those that involve appetitive behaviors, suggest a failure of NOP-R deletion to increase anxiety. However, it is also suggested that OFQ/N may operate in an anxiolytic manner when initial anxiogenic triggers (eg., the neuropeptide CRH) are initiated. Finally, the regulatory functions of OFQ/N in relation to emotion-related behaviors may serve to counteract potential neuroinflammatory events in the brain. This appears to be evident within the glial cell environment of the brain, since OFQ/N has been shown to reduce the production of proinflammatory cellular and cytokine events. Given that both OFQ/N and glial cells are activated in response to stress, it is possible that there is a possible convergence of these two systems that has important repercussions for behavior and neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse M Mallimo
- Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Rutgers University New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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21
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Beck B, Pourié G. Ghrelin, neuropeptide Y, and other feeding-regulatory peptides active in the hippocampus: role in learning and memory. Nutr Rev 2013; 71:541-61. [PMID: 23865799 DOI: 10.1111/nure.12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is a brain region of primary importance for neurogenesis, which occurs during early developmental states as well as during adulthood. Increases in neuronal proliferation and in neuronal death with age have been associated with drastic changes in memory and learning. Numerous neurotransmitters are involved in these processes, and some neuropeptides that mediate neurogenesis also modulate feeding behavior. Concomitantly, feeding peptides, which act primarily in the hypothalamus, are also present in the hippocampus. This review aims to ascertain the role of several important feeding peptides in cognitive functions, either through their local synthesis in the hippocampus or through their actions via specific receptors in the hippocampus. A link between neurogenesis and the orexigenic or anorexigenic properties of feeding peptides is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Beck
- INSERM U954, Nutrition, Génétique et Expositions aux Risques Environnementaux, Faculté de Médecine, Vandœuvre, France.
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Reiss D, Prinssen EP, Wichmann J, Kieffer BL, Ouagazzal AM. The nociceptin orphanin FQ peptide receptor agonist, Ro64-6198, impairs recognition memory formation through interaction with glutamatergic but not cholinergic receptor antagonists. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2012; 98:254-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Goeldner C, Spooren W, Wichmann J, Prinssen EP. Further characterization of the prototypical nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide receptor agonist Ro 64-6198 in rodent models of conflict anxiety and despair. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 222:203-14. [PMID: 22249359 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-012-2636-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Ro 64-6198, the prototypical non-peptide nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) receptor agonist, has potent anxiolytic-like effects in several preclinical models and species. However the effects of Ro 64-6198 on distinctive anxiety-provoking conditions related to unconditioned conflict behavior as well as its role in despair-like behavior remain to be addressed. OBJECTIVE Here we examined the effects of Ro 64-6198 on unconditioned conflict anxiety using stimuli with different salience and on regulation of autonomic reactivity and compared these to the effects of benzodiazepine receptor agonists. We also addressed the potential effects of Ro 64-6198 on despair-like behavior. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ro 64-6198 (0.1 to 10 mg/kg i.p.) and either diazepam or chlordiazepoxide were tested in the Vogel conflict punished drinking test (VCT) in Sprague Dawley rats, in the social approach-avoidance (SAA) test in Lewis rats, in the novelty-induced hypophagia (NIH) in C57BL/6J mice, and in stress-induced hyperthermia in NMRI mice, as well as in the forced swim test (FST) in Sprague Dawley rats and the tail suspension test (TST) in C57BL/6J mice. RESULTS Ro 64-6198 (0.3 to 3 mg/kg) dose-dependently produced anxiolytic-like effects in the VCT, SAA, NIH, and SIH, similar to benzodiazepine receptor agonists. Ro 64-6198 did not alter immobility time in the FST and TST. CONCLUSIONS Ro 64-6198 produced marked anxiolytic-like effects in response to a variety of mild to strong anxiogenic stimuli, whereas it did not facilitate depression-related behaviors. This data extend previous literature suggesting that NOP receptors are a viable target for the treatment of anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Goeldner
- CNS Research, CNS Discovery, pRED, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
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Donica CL, Ramirez VI, Awwad HO, Zaveri NT, Toll L, Standifer KM. Orphanin FQ/nociceptin activates nuclear factor kappa B. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2011; 6:617-25. [PMID: 21547539 PMCID: PMC3208742 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-011-9279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous neuropeptide orphanin FQ/nociceptin (OFQ/N) and its receptor, nociceptin orphanin FQ peptide receptor (NOPr), play a modulatory role throughout the body including nociceptive sensitivity, motor function, spatial learning, and the immune system. NOPr is an inhibitory G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) that modulates expression and release of inflammatory mediators from immune cells and in the CNS. Inhibitory GPCRs have been shown to activate the immune and central nervous system regulator, nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), whose family consists of several subunits. When activated, NFκB translocates to the nucleus and can modify transcription. To determine if OFQ/N modulates NFκB activity, SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells were treated with OFQ/N and assessed for changes in nuclear accumulation, DNA binding, and transcriptional activation. For the first time, we show that OFQ/N increases the nuclear accumulation (1.9-2.8-fold) and the DNA binding of NFκB (2.9-fold) by 2 h as determined by immunoblotting and electromobility shift assay, respectively. OFQ/N induction of NFκB binding to DNA is protein kinase C-dependent and NOPr-specific. OFQ/N stimulated binding of both NFκB p50 and p65 subunits to their consensus binding site on DNA. OFQ/N also induces transcriptional activation of an NFκB reporter gene 2.2-fold by 2 h with an EC(50) of 6.3 nM. This activation of NFκB by OFQ/N suggests a likely mechanism for its modulation of the central nervous and immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney L. Donica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N. Stonewall Ave Suite 323, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N. Stonewall Ave Suite 323, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Vanessa I. Ramirez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N. Stonewall Ave Suite 323, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Hibah O. Awwad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N. Stonewall Ave Suite 323, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Nurulain T. Zaveri
- Astraea Therapeutics, LLC, 320 Logue Avenue, Suite 142, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - Lawrence Toll
- SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Kelly M. Standifer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N. Stonewall Ave Suite 323, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N. Stonewall Ave Suite 323, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N. Stonewall Ave Suite 323, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
- University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, 1110 N. Stonewall Ave Suite 326, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
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25
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Liao YY, Teng SF, Lin LC, Kolczewski S, Prinssen EP, Lee LJ, Ho IK, Chiou LC. Functional heterogeneity of nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptors revealed by (+)-5a Compound and Ro 64-6198 in rat periaqueductal grey slices. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2011; 14:977-89. [PMID: 21029514 DOI: 10.1017/s146114571000129x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) peptide (NOP) receptor is a non-opioid branch of the opioid receptor family implicated in several neurological and psychological disorders, such as pain, anxiety, depression, involuntary movement, addiction, seizure and dementia. Heterogeneity of NOP receptors has been proposed based on the findings of splicing variants and from binding and functional studies. We have previously reported that Ro 64-6198, a NOP receptor agonist, activated a subset, but not all, of N/OFQ-sensitive NOP receptors in midbrain ventrolateral periaqueductal grey (vlPAG). In this study, we found that a new NOP receptor ligand, (+)-5a Compound ((3aS, 6aR)-1-(cis-4-isopropylcyclohexyl)-5'-methyl-2'-phenylhexahydrospiro[piperidine-4,1'-pyrrolo[3, 4-c]pyrrole]), also activated a subset of NOP receptors in vlPAG neurons. (+)-5a Compound (0.1-30 μm) concentration-dependently activated G-protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels mediated through the NOP receptors in about 35% of the recorded vlPAG neurons. (+)-5a Compound (EC50: 605 nm) was less potent (1/12) and efficacious (47%) than N/OFQ. In (+)-5a Compound-insensitive neurons, Ro 64-6198 was also ineffective, and vice versa, but N/OFQ activated GIRK channels through NOP receptors. In (+)-5a Compound-sensitive neurons, (+)-5a Compound precluded the effect of Ro 64-6198. Immunofluorecent and morphometric studies showed that most of the (+)-5a Compound-sensitive neurons were multipolar with intensive dendritic arborization and immunoreactive to glutamic acid decarboxylase-67. It is suggested that (+)-5a Compound activates a subset of NOP receptors, similar to the Ro 64-6198-sensitive subset, in the vlPAG neurons which are mostly GABAergic. These results further support the presence of functional heterogeneity of NOP receptors in the midbrain PAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yu Liao
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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26
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Abstract
This paper is the 32nd consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2009 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration and thermoregulation (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY 11367, USA.
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27
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Ogren SO, Kuteeva E, Elvander-Tottie E, Hökfelt T. Neuropeptides in learning and memory processes with focus on galanin. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 626:9-17. [PMID: 19837050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Revised: 08/27/2009] [Accepted: 09/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptides represent by far the most common signalling molecules in the central nervous system. They are involved in a wide range of physiological functions and can act as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators or hormones in the central nervous system and in the periphery. Accumulating evidence during the past 40 years has implicated a number of neuropeptides in various cognitive functions including learning and memory. A major focus has been on the possibility that neuropeptides, by coexisting with classical neurotransmitters, can modulate classical transmitter function of importance for cognition. It has become increasingly clear that most transmitter systems in the brain can release a cocktail of signalling molecules including classical transmitters and several neuropeptides. However, the neuropeptides seem to come into action mainly under conditions of severe stress or aversive events, which have linked their action also to regulation of affective components of behaviour. This paper summarises some of the results of three neuropeptides, which can impact on hippocampal cognition by intrinsic (dynorphins, nociceptin) or extrinsic (galanin) modulation. The results obtained with these neuropeptides in rodent studies indicate that they are important for various aspects of hippocampal learning and memory as well as hippocampal plasticity. Recent studies in humans have also shown that dysregulation of these neuropeptides may be of importance for both neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders associated with cognitive impairments. It is concluded that compounds acting on neuropeptide receptor subtypes will represent novel targets for a number of disorders, which involve cognitive deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Ove Ogren
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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