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Banei F, Aliaghaei A, Meftahi GH. The effect of chronic administration of oxycodone on the behavioral functions and histopathology in the cerebellum and striatum of adult male rats. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:225. [PMID: 39247457 PMCID: PMC11379841 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04062-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxycodone is widely used for pain management and acts via binding to mu- and kappa opioid receptors. It was shown that extended oxycodone usage can result from the demyelination and degeneration of neurons through the stress response, which triggers apoptotic signaling pathways. The striatum and cerebellum are recognized as significant contributors to addiction; however, there is no report on the effect of oxycodone on the cerebellum and striatum and motor coordination. We treated rats daily with oxycodone at 15 mg/kg doses for thirty days. Motor performance and electromyography activity were then evaluated. Stereological methods were performed to assess the number of neurons in the cerebellum and striatum as well as immunohistochemistry for microgliosis and astrogliosis. Furthermore, the Sholl analysis method was utilized to evaluate the cellular structure of both microglia and astrocytes. Results of the rotarod test for motor coordination show no significant (P < 0.05) difference between the oxycodone subjects and those in the control group. In addition, open-field assessments indicated that the application of oxycodone did not alter the amount of distance covered (as an indicator of locomotion) or time spent in the central area (as an indicator of anxiety) (P < 0.001). The electromyography (EMG) test result showed that oxycodone caused a delay in the reaction of the muscular nerves (P < 0.001). Data and results from our experiment revealed that administering oxycodone did not affect astrogliosis and the number of neurons in the cerebellum and striatum (P < 0.05). In contrast, it altered neuromuscular function. In addition, oxycodone administration activated microglia in the cerebellum and striatum. In conclusion, we encourage more research on the adverse effects of oxycodone on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzin Banei
- Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Aliaghaei
- Present Address: Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Govender D, Moloko L, Papathanasopoulos M, Tumba N, Owen G, Calvey T. Ibogaine administration following repeated morphine administration upregulates myelination markers 2', 3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNP) and myelin basic protein (MBP) mRNA and protein expression in the internal capsule of Sprague Dawley rats. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1378841. [PMID: 39114487 PMCID: PMC11303312 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1378841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Ibogaine is a psychedelic alkaloid being investigated as a possible treatment for opioid use disorder. Ibogaine has a multi-receptor profile with affinities for mu and kappa opioid as well as NMDA receptors amongst others. Due to the sparsity of research into ibogaine's effects on white matter integrity and given the growing evidence that opioid use disorder is characterized by white matter pathology, we set out to investigate ibogaine's effects on two markers of myelination, 2', 3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNP) and myelin basic protein (MBP). Fifty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five experimental groups of n = 10; (1) a saline control group received daily saline injections for 10 days, (2) a morphine control group received escalating morphine doses from 5 to 15 mg/kg over 10 days, (3) an ibogaine control group that received 10 days of saline followed by 50 mg/kg ibogaine hydrochloride, (4) a combination morphine and ibogaine group 1 that received the escalating morphine regime followed by 50 mg/kg ibogaine hydrochloride and (5) a second combination morphine and ibogaine group 2 which followed the same morphine and ibogaine regimen yet was terminated 72 h after administration compared to 24 h in the other groups. White matter from the internal capsule was dissected and qPCR and western blotting determined protein and gene expression of CNP and MBP. Morphine upregulated CNPase whereas ibogaine alone had no effect on CNP mRNA or protein expression. However, ibogaine administration following repeated morphine administration had an immediate effect by increasing CNP mRNA expression. This effect diminished after 72 h and resulted in a highly significant upregulation of CNPase protein at 72 h post administration. Ibogaine administration alone significantly upregulated protein expression yet downregulated MBP mRNA expression. Ibogaine administration following repeated morphine administration significantly upregulated MBP mRNA expression which increased at 72 h post administration resulting in a highly significant upregulation of MBP protein expression at 72 h post administration. These findings indicate that ibogaine is able to upregulate genes and proteins involved in the process of remyelination following opioid use and highlights an important mechanism of action of ibogaine's ability to treat substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demi Govender
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Leila Moloko
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Maria Papathanasopoulos
- HIV Pathogenesis Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nancy Tumba
- HIV Pathogenesis Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gavin Owen
- HIV Pathogenesis Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tanya Calvey
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Gaudreault PO, King SG, Huang Y, Ceceli AO, Kronberg G, Alia-Klein N, Goldstein RZ. FRONTAL WHITE MATTER CHANGES INDICATE RECOVERY WITH INPATIENT TREATMENT IN HEROIN ADDICTION. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.06.10.24308719. [PMID: 38946983 PMCID: PMC11213111 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.10.24308719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Importance Amidst an unprecedented opioid epidemic, identifying neurobiological correlates of change with medication-assisted treatment of heroin use disorder is imperative. Distributed white matter (WM) impairments in individuals with heroin use disorder (iHUD) have been associated with increased drug craving, a reliable predictor of treatment outcomes. However, little is known about the extent of whole-brain structural connectivity changes with inpatient treatment and abstinence in iHUD. Objective To assess WM microstructure and associations with drug craving changes with inpatient treatment in iHUD (effects of time/re-scan compared to controls; CTL). Design Longitudinal cohort study (12/2020-09/2022) where iHUD and CTL underwent baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI#1) and follow-up (MRI#2) scans, (mean interval of 13.9 weeks in all participants combined). Setting The iHUD and CTL were recruited from urban inpatient treatment facilities and surrounding communities, respectively. Participants Thirty-four iHUD (42.1yo; 7 women), 25 age-/sex-matched CTL (40.5yo; 9 women). Intervention Between scans, inpatient iHUD continued their medically-assisted treatment and related clinical interventions. CTL participants were scanned at similar time intervals. Main Outcomes and Measures Changes in white matter diffusion metrics [fractional anisotropy (FA), mean (MD), axial (AD), and radial diffusivities (RD)] in addition to baseline and cue-induced drug craving, and other clinical outcome variables (mood, sleep, affect, perceived stress, and therapy attendance). Results Main findings showed HUD-specific WM microstructure changes encompassing mostly frontal major callosal, projection, and association tracts, characterized by increased FA (.949<1-p<.986) and decreased MD (.949<1-p<.997) and RD (.949<1-p<.999). The increased FA (r=-0.72, p<.00001) and decreased MD (r=0.69, p<.00001) and RD (r=0.67, p<.0001) in the genu and body of the corpus callosum and the left anterior corona radiata in iHUD were correlated with a reduction in baseline craving (.949<1-p<.999). No other WM correlations with outcome variables reached significance. Conclusions and Relevance Our findings suggest whole-brain normalization of structural connectivity with inpatient medically-assisted treatment in iHUD encompassing recovery in frontal WM pathways implicated in emotional regulation and top-down executive control. The association with decreases in baseline craving further supports the relevance of these WM markers to a major symptom in drug addiction, with implications for monitoring clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Olivier Gaudreault
- Psychiatry and Neuroscience Departments, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Sarah G King
- Psychiatry and Neuroscience Departments, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Yuefeng Huang
- Psychiatry and Neuroscience Departments, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Ahmet O Ceceli
- Psychiatry and Neuroscience Departments, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Greg Kronberg
- Psychiatry and Neuroscience Departments, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Nelly Alia-Klein
- Psychiatry and Neuroscience Departments, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Rita Z Goldstein
- Psychiatry and Neuroscience Departments, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
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Li X, Ramos-Rolón AP, Kass G, Pereira-Rufino LS, Shifman N, Shi Z, Volkow ND, Wiers CE. Imaging neuroinflammation in individuals with substance use disorders. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e172884. [PMID: 38828729 PMCID: PMC11142750 DOI: 10.1172/jci172884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests a role of neuroinflammation in substance use disorders (SUDs). This Review presents findings from neuroimaging studies assessing brain markers of inflammation in vivo in individuals with SUDs. Most studies investigated the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) using PET; neuroimmune markers myo-inositol, choline-containing compounds, and N-acetyl aspartate using magnetic resonance spectroscopy; and fractional anisotropy using MRI. Study findings have contributed to a greater understanding of neuroimmune function in the pathophysiology of SUDs, including its temporal dynamics (i.e., acute versus chronic substance use) and new targets for SUD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Astrid P. Ramos-Rolón
- Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gabriel Kass
- Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lais S. Pereira-Rufino
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Naomi Shifman
- Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zhenhao Shi
- Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nora D. Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Corinde E. Wiers
- Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Quintanilla ME, Morales P, Santapau D, Ávila A, Ponce C, Berrios-Cárcamo P, Olivares B, Gallardo J, Ezquer M, Herrera-Marschitz M, Israel Y, Ezquer F. Chronic Voluntary Morphine Intake Is Associated with Changes in Brain Structures Involved in Drug Dependence in a Rat Model of Polydrug Use. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17081. [PMID: 38069404 PMCID: PMC10707256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic opioid intake leads to several brain changes involved in the development of dependence, whereby an early hedonistic effect (liking) extends to the need to self-administer the drug (wanting), the latter being mostly a prefrontal-striatal function. The development of animal models for voluntary oral opioid intake represents an important tool for identifying the cellular and molecular alterations induced by chronic opioid use. Studies mainly in humans have shown that polydrug use and drug dependence are shared across various substances. We hypothesize that an animal bred for its alcohol preference would develop opioid dependence and further that this would be associated with the overt cortical abnormalities clinically described for opioid addicts. We show that Wistar-derived outbred UChB rats selected for their high alcohol preference additionally develop: (i) a preference for oral ingestion of morphine over water, resulting in morphine intake of 15 mg/kg/day; (ii) marked opioid dependence, as evidenced by the generation of strong withdrawal signs upon naloxone administration; (iii) prefrontal cortex alterations known to be associated with the loss of control over drug intake, namely, demyelination, axonal degeneration, and a reduction in glutamate transporter GLT-1 levels; and (iv) glial striatal neuroinflammation and brain oxidative stress, as previously reported for chronic alcohol and chronic nicotine use. These findings underline the relevance of polydrug animal models and their potential in the study of the wide spectrum of brain alterations induced by chronic morphine intake. This study should be valuable for future evaluations of therapeutic approaches for this devastating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Quintanilla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7610658, Chile; (M.E.Q.); (P.M.); (M.H.-M.); (Y.I.)
| | - Paola Morales
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7610658, Chile; (M.E.Q.); (P.M.); (M.H.-M.); (Y.I.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7610658, Chile
- Research Center for the Development of Novel Therapeutic Alternatives for Alcohol Use Disorders, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Daniela Santapau
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile; (D.S.); (A.Á.); (P.B.-C.); (J.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Alba Ávila
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile; (D.S.); (A.Á.); (P.B.-C.); (J.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Carolina Ponce
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Pablo Berrios-Cárcamo
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile; (D.S.); (A.Á.); (P.B.-C.); (J.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Belén Olivares
- Center for Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile;
| | - Javiera Gallardo
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile; (D.S.); (A.Á.); (P.B.-C.); (J.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Marcelo Ezquer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile; (D.S.); (A.Á.); (P.B.-C.); (J.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Mario Herrera-Marschitz
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7610658, Chile; (M.E.Q.); (P.M.); (M.H.-M.); (Y.I.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Yedy Israel
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7610658, Chile; (M.E.Q.); (P.M.); (M.H.-M.); (Y.I.)
| | - Fernando Ezquer
- Research Center for the Development of Novel Therapeutic Alternatives for Alcohol Use Disorders, Santiago 7610658, Chile
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile; (D.S.); (A.Á.); (P.B.-C.); (J.G.); (M.E.)
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Ghosh A, Shaktan A, Nehra R, Basu D, Verma A, Rana DK, Modi M, Ahuja CK. Heroin use and neuropsychological impairments: comparison of intravenous and inhalational use. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:909-920. [PMID: 36779990 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06332-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Injection and inhalational heroin use are associated with different levels of brain exposure to heroin and its metabolites and differences in the severity of dependence, which might lead to differential impacts on neuropsychological functions. We examined the difference and the magnitude of difference in the neuropsychological functions between inhalational and injection heroin-dependent subjects and also compared them with healthy controls. METHODS The study sample comprised three groups: 73 subjects with injection heroin dependence, 74 with inhalational heroin dependence, and 75 healthy controls (HC). We excluded patients with HIV, head injury, epilepsy, and severe mental illness. Neuropsychological assessments were done by Standard Progressive Matrices, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Iowa Gambling Task, Trail-Making Tests A and B (TMT), and Verbal and Visual Memory 1 and 2 Backtests (NBT). We estimated independent effects of the groups on various neuropsychological test parameters, adjusted for age and duration of dependence. RESULTS In the WCST, the inhalational heroin-dependent group took more trials to complete the first category and had higher scores in the failure to maintain set than controls. The intravenous group had higher total errors than controls in verbal working memory tests and Visual Working Memory 2 Backtest. This group scored higher commission errors in the Verbal 2 Backtest than the controls. The two groups of heroin users differed in failure to maintain set and Verbal Working Memory 2 Backtests. The effect sizes of the group differences were modest. CONCLUSION AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Either route of heroin use is associated with cognitive impairments; inhalational and injection use involve different cognitive domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Ghosh
- Drug Deaddiction and Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Alka Shaktan
- Drug Deaddiction and Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ritu Nehra
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Debasish Basu
- Drug Deaddiction and Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Abhishek Verma
- Drug Deaddiction and Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Devender K Rana
- Drug Deaddiction and Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manish Modi
- Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Chirag K Ahuja
- Department of Radiodiagnosis & Imaging, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Ding X, Li X, Xu M, He Z, Jiang H. The effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on electroencephalography microstates of patients with heroin-addiction. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2023; 329:111594. [PMID: 36724624 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation in treating substance use disorders are gaining attention; however, most existing studies used subjective measures to examine the treatment effects. Objective electroencephalography (EEG)-based microstate analysis is important for measuring the efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with heroin addiction. We investigated dynamic brain activity changes in individuals with heroin addiction after transcranial magnetic stimulation using microstate indicators. Thirty-two patients received intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Resting-state EEG data were collected pre-intervention and 10 days post-intervention. The feature values of the significantly different microstate classes were computed using a K-means clustering algorithm. Four EEG microstate classes (A-D) were noted. There were significant increases in the duration, occurrence, and contribution of microstate class A after the iTBS intervention. K-means classification accuracy reached 81.5%. The EEG microstate is an effective improvement indicator in patients with heroin addiction treated with iTBS. Microstates were examined using machine learning; this method effectively classified the pre- and post-intervention cohorts among patients with heroin addiction and healthy individuals. Using EEG microstate to measure heroin addiction and further exploring the effect of iTBS in patients with heroin addiction merit clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Ding
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Ming Xu
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zijing He
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Heng Jiang
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Gaudreault PO, King SG, Malaker P, Alia-Klein N, Goldstein RZ. Whole-brain white matter abnormalities in human cocaine and heroin use disorders: association with craving, recency, and cumulative use. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:780-791. [PMID: 36369361 PMCID: PMC9911401 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01833-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies in substance use disorder have shown widespread impairments in white matter (WM) microstructure suggesting demyelination and axonal damage. However, substantially fewer studies explored the generalized vs. the acute and/or specific drug effects on WM. Our study assessed whole-brain WM integrity in three subgroups of individuals addicted to drugs, encompassing those with cocaine (CUD) or heroin (HUD) use disorder, compared to healthy controls (CTL). Diffusion MRI was acquired in 58 CTL, 28 current cocaine users/CUD+, 32 abstinent cocaine users/CUD-, and 30 individuals with HUD (urine was positive for cocaine in CUD+ and opiates used for treatment in HUD). Tract-Based Spatial Statistics allowed voxelwise analyses of diffusion metrics [fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD)]. Permutation statistics (p-corrected < 0.05) were used for between-group t-tests. Compared to CTL, all individuals with addiction showed widespread decreases in FA, and increases in MD, RD, and AD (19-57% of WM skeleton, p < 0.05). The HUD group showed the most impairments, followed by the CUD+, with only minor FA reductions in CUD- (<0.2% of WM skeleton, p = 0.05). Longer periods of regular use were associated with decreased FA and AD, and higher subjective craving was associated with increased MD, RD, and AD, across all individuals with drug addiction (p < 0.05). These findings demonstrate extensive WM impairments in individuals with drug addiction characterized by decreased anisotropy and increased diffusivity, thought to reflect demyelination and lower axonal packing. Extensive abnormalities in both groups with positive urine status (CUD+ and HUD), and correlations with craving, suggest greater WM impairments with more recent use. Results in CUD-, and correlations with regular use, further imply cumulative and/or persistent WM damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Olivier Gaudreault
- Psychiatry and Neuroscience Departments, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Sarah G King
- Psychiatry and Neuroscience Departments, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Pias Malaker
- Psychiatry and Neuroscience Departments, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Nelly Alia-Klein
- Psychiatry and Neuroscience Departments, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Rita Z Goldstein
- Psychiatry and Neuroscience Departments, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA.
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King SG, Gaudreault PO, Malaker P, Kim JW, Alia-Klein N, Xu J, Goldstein RZ. Prefrontal-habenular microstructural impairments in human cocaine and heroin addiction. Neuron 2022; 110:3820-3832.e4. [PMID: 36206758 PMCID: PMC9671835 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The habenula (Hb) is central to adaptive reward- and aversion-driven behaviors, comprising a hub for higher-order processing networks involving the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Despite an established role in preclinical models of cocaine addiction, the translational significance of the Hb and its connectivity with the PFC in humans is unclear. Using diffusion tractography, we detailed PFC structural connectivity with the Hb and two control regions, quantifying tract-specific microstructural features in healthy and cocaine-addicted individuals. White matter was uniquely impaired in PFC-Hb projections in both short-term abstainers and current cocaine users. Abnormalities in this tract further generalized to an independent sample of heroin-addicted individuals and were associated, in an exploratory analysis, with earlier onset of drug use across the addiction subgroups, potentially serving as a predisposing marker amenable for early intervention. Importantly, these findings contextualize a plausible PFC-Hb circuit in the human brain, supporting preclinical evidence for its impairment in cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah G King
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Pierre-Olivier Gaudreault
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Pias Malaker
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Joo-Won Kim
- Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nelly Alia-Klein
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Junqian Xu
- Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rita Z Goldstein
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Chen J, Wang S, Li Z, Li Y, Huang P, Zhu J, Wang F, Li Y, Liu W, Xue J, Shi H, Li W, Liang Z, Wang W, Li Q. The effect of long-term methadone maintenance treatment on coupling among three large-scale brain networks in male heroin-dependent individuals: A resting-state fMRI study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 238:109549. [PMID: 35810622 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is considered as an effective and mainstream therapy for heroin dependence. However, whether long-term MMT would improve the coupling among the three core large-scale brain networks (salience, default mode, and executive control) and its relationship with the craving for heroin is unknown. METHODS Forty-four male heroin-dependent individuals during long-term MMT, 27 male heroin-dependent individuals after short-term detoxification/abstinence (SA), and 26 demographically matched healthy controls (HC) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. We analyzed the difference in coupling among the salience, default mode, and executive control networks among the three groups and examined how the coupling among these large-scale networks was associated with craving before and after drug-cue exposure. RESULTS Compared with the SA group, the MMT group showed lower craving before and after cue exposure and stronger connectivity between the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (a key node of the salience network) and key regions of the bilateral executive control network, including the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, posterior parietal cortex, and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. Among the heroin-dependent individuals, the functional connectivity was negatively correlated with the craving before and after heroin-cue exposure. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that long-term MMT could increase the coupling between the salience and bilateral executive control networks and decrease craving for heroin. These findings contribute to the understanding of the neural mechanism of MMT, from the perspective of large-scale brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Chen
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiyao Li
- School of basic medicine, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi 'an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Huang
- School of basic medicine, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi 'an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongbin Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiuhua Xue
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Shi
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zifei Liang
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York 10012, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi, China.
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11
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Xue J, Chen J, Wang S, Li W, Zhu J, Wang F, Li Z, Wang W, Li Q. Assessing brain activity in male heroin-dependent individuals under methadone maintenance treatment: A resting-state fMRI study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2022; 320:111431. [PMID: 35007942 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is recognized as an effective and mainstream alternative treatment for heroin addiction. However, the effect of long-term MMT on the local and global brain activity of heroin-dependent individuals during resting state remains unknown. Twenty-five heroin-dependent individuals under MMT, 26 heroin-dependent individuals after short-term abstinence (HA) and 42 healthy controls (HC) were included in the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. The craving before and after heroin cue exposure were evaluated among HA and MMT subjects. The difference in craving, regional homogeneity (ReHo) and related functional connectivity were analyzed among the three groups. We found that the craving before and after heroin cue exposure of MMT group was significantly lower than that of HA group. Compared with HA group, the MMT group showed higher ReHo value in the right orbitofrontal cortex and bilateral posterior central cortex. No significant difference in global brain connectivity based on differential ReHo regions was found among the three groups. This study demonstrated the long-term MMT could improve the local activity of executive control and somatosensory brain regions in heroin-dependent individuals. It suggested that MMT might be beneficial to restoring executive control and somatosensory function in the direction towards that of healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuhua Xue
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Radiology, xian NO.1 hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiajie Chen
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Canon Medical Systems (China) Co., LTD, MR Division, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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12
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Li W, Wang L, Lyu Z, Chen J, Li Y, Sun Y, Zhu J, Wang W, Wang Y, Li Q. Difference in topological organization of white matter structural connectome between methamphetamine and heroin use disorder. Behav Brain Res 2022; 422:113752. [PMID: 35033610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The psychological symptoms caused by heroin and methamphetamine are significantly different in people with substance use disorders. The topological organization of structural connections that may underlie these differences remains unknown. The study sample consisted of 23 males with methamphetamine use disorder (MAUD), 20 males with heroin use disorder (HUD), and 21 male healthy controls (HCs) who were demographically matched. Diffusion tensor imaging and probabilistic tractography were used for white matter network construction. Psychological symptoms were evaluated by the Symptom Checklist-90. Using graph theoretical analysis, we examined the difference in graph-level and nodal-level properties among the groups. The network Hubs distribution and the relationship between the network alterations and psychological symptoms were identified. The MAUD group demonstrated significantly higher scores on anxiety, hostility, and symptoms of schizophrenia than the HUD and HCs groups. The HUD group showed significantly higher global efficiency and network strength than the HCs group, and higher network strength than the MAUD group. Compared with the HUD group, the MAUD group showed significantly lower Nodal Strength and efficiency, distributed mainly in the temporal, parietal, and occipital regions. We also found the network Hubs were decreased in the MAUD group, but increased in the HUD group. The Nodal Strength in the right superior temporal gyrus was significantly correlated with psychological symptoms in the MAUD group. These findings reflect the significant differences in topological structural connection between HUD and MAUD. This evidence helps shed some light on the neurobiological mechanisms of the psychological differences between HUD and MAUD, and extend our understanding of the structural disruption underlying MAUD-related psychological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Zhuomin Lyu
- Department of Pain Treatment, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Jiajie Chen
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Yongbin Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Yichen Sun
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Yarong Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China.
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13
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The neurobiology of drug addiction: cross-species insights into the dysfunction and recovery of the prefrontal cortex. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:276-291. [PMID: 34408275 PMCID: PMC8617203 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A growing preclinical and clinical body of work on the effects of chronic drug use and drug addiction has extended the scope of inquiry from the putative reward-related subcortical mechanisms to higher-order executive functions as regulated by the prefrontal cortex. Here we review the neuroimaging evidence in humans and non-human primates to demonstrate the involvement of the prefrontal cortex in emotional, cognitive, and behavioral alterations in drug addiction, with particular attention to the impaired response inhibition and salience attribution (iRISA) framework. In support of iRISA, functional and structural neuroimaging studies document a role for the prefrontal cortex in assigning excessive salience to drug over non-drug-related processes with concomitant lapses in self-control, and deficits in reward-related decision-making and insight into illness. Importantly, converging insights from human and non-human primate studies suggest a causal relationship between drug addiction and prefrontal insult, indicating that chronic drug use causes the prefrontal cortex damage that underlies iRISA while changes with abstinence and recovery with treatment suggest plasticity of these same brain regions and functions. We further dissect the overlapping and distinct characteristics of drug classes, potential biomarkers that inform vulnerability and resilience, and advancements in cutting-edge psychological and neuromodulatory treatment strategies, providing a comprehensive landscape of the human and non-human primate drug addiction literature as it relates to the prefrontal cortex.
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14
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Opioid and Sedative-Hypnotic Prescriptions Among Post-9/11 Veteran VA Users Nationwide With Traumatic Brain Injury, 2012-2020. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2021; 36:354-363. [PMID: 34489386 DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many post-9/11 Veterans have received Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare for traumatic brain injury (TBI). Pain conditions are prevalent among these patients and are often managed with opioid analgesics. Opioids may impose unique risks to Veterans with a history of TBI, especially when combined with other psychotropic medications. We examined receipt of opioid and sedative-hypnotic prescriptions among post-9/11 Veterans with TBI who received VA care nationally between 2012 and 2020. SETTING Nationwide VA outpatient care. PARTICIPANTS Veterans with, versus without, clinician-confirmed TBI based on the VA's Comprehensive TBI Evaluation (CTBIE) were followed up for subsequent years in which they received VA care. DESIGN A historical cohort study. MAIN MEASURES Proportions of Veterans who received opioid, benzodiazepine, and nonbenzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic prescriptions were compared by CTBIE outcome (TBI yes/no) and by year; overlaps between medication classes, long-term opioid therapy, and high-dose opioid therapy were also examined. Among those with confirmed TBI, logistic regression was used to examine associations between veteran characteristics and likelihood of these potentially high-risk opioid use outcomes. RESULTS Among 69 752 Veterans with clinician-confirmed TBI, 26.9% subsequently received opioids. The prevalence receiving opioids each year increased from 2012 (16.7%) to 2014 (17.7%), and then decreased each of the following years through 2020 (5.8%). Among Veterans with TBI who received opioids, large proportions also received benzodiazepine (30.1%) and nonbenzodiazepine (36.0%) sedative-hypnotic prescriptions; these proportions also decreased in recent years. In both bivariable and multivariable regression models, Veterans' demographic, TBI, and clinical characteristics were associated with likelihood of potentially high-risk opioid use. CONCLUSIONS VA opioid prescribing to Veterans with TBI has decreased in recent years but remains an important source of risk, particularly when considering coprescriptions of sedative-hypnotic medication. Understanding patterns of psychotropic prescription use among Veterans with TBI can highlight important healthcare and rehabilitation needs in this large patient cohort.
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15
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Ndlovu NA, Morgan N, Malapile S, Subramaney U, Daniels W, Naidoo J, van den Heuvel MP, Calvey T. Fronto-temporal cortical atrophy in 'nyaope' combination heroin and cannabis use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 221:108630. [PMID: 33667779 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sub-Saharan Africa is one of the top three regions with the highest rates of opioid-related premature mortality. Nyaope is the street name for what is believed to be a drug cocktail in South Africa although recent research suggests that it is predominantly heroin. Nyaope powder is most commonly smoked together with cannabis, a drug-use pattern unique to the region. Due to the increasing burden of this drug in low-income communities and the absence of human structural neuroimaging data of combination heroin and cannabis use disorder, we initiated an important cohort study in order to identify neuroanatomical sequelae. Twenty-eight male nyaope users and thirty healthy, matched controls were recruited from drug rehabilitation centers and the community, respectively. T1-weighted MRI images were obtained using a 3 T General Electric Discovery and cortical thickness was examined and compared. Nyaope users displayed extensive grey matter atrophy in the right hemispheric medial orbitofrontal, rostral middle frontal, superior temporal, superior frontal, and supramarginal gyri (two-sided t-test, p < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons). Our findings indicate cortical abnormality in nyaope users in regions involved in impulse control, decision making, social- and self-perception, and working memory. Importantly, affected brain regions show large overlap with the pattern of cortical abnormalities shown in heroin use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhanisi A Ndlovu
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nirvana Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Stella Malapile
- The Nelson Mandela Children's Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ugasvaree Subramaney
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - William Daniels
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jaishree Naidoo
- Department of Radiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Martijn P van den Heuvel
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, CNCR, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Child Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tanya Calvey
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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16
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Wong JS, Nikoo M, Kianpoor K, Gholami A, Jazani M, Mohammadian F, Lafooraki NY, Jang KL, Schütz CG, Akhondzadeh S, Krausz MR. The effects of opium tincture and methadone on the cognitive function of patients with opioid use disorder. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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Kumar A, Kim S, Su Y, Sharma M, Kumar P, Singh S, Lee J, Furdui CM, Singh R, Hsu FC, Kim J, Whitlow CT, Nader MA, Deep G. Brain cell-derived exosomes in plasma serve as neurodegeneration biomarkers in male cynomolgus monkeys self-administrating oxycodone. EBioMedicine 2021; 63:103192. [PMID: 33418508 PMCID: PMC7804975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The United States is currently facing an opioid crisis. Novel tools to better comprehend dynamic molecular changes in the brain associated with the opioid abuse are limited. Recent studies have suggested the usefulness of plasma exosomes in better understanding CNS disorders. However, no study has ever characterized exosomes (small extracellular vesicles of endocytic origin) secreted by brain cells to understand the potential neurodegenerative effects of long-term oxycodone self-administration (SA). Methods MRI of Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) was performed to assess alterations in gray matter volumes with oxycodone SA. We isolated total exosomes (TE) from the plasma of these monkeys; from TE, we pulled-out neuron-derived exosomes (NDE), astrocytes-derived exosomes (ADE), and microglia-derived exosomes (MDE) using surface biomarkers L1CAM (L1 cell adhesion molecule), GLAST (Glutamate aspartate transporter) and TMEM119 (transmembrane protein119), respectively. Findings We observed a significantly lower gray matter volume of specific lobes of the brain (frontal and parietal lobes, and right putamen) in monkeys with ∼3 years of oxycodone SA compared to controls. Higher expression of neurodegenerative biomarkers (NFL and α-synuclein) correlates well with the change in brain lobe volumes in control and oxycodone SA monkeys. We also identified a strong effect of oxycodone SA on the loading of specific miRNAs and proteins associated with neuro-cognitive disorders. Finally, exosomes subpopulation from oxycodone SA group activated NF-κB activity in THP1- cells. Interpretation These results provide evidence for the utility of brain cells-derived exosomes from plasma in better understanding and predicting the pro-inflammatory and neurodegenerative consequence of oxycodone SA. Funding NIH
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, United States
| | - Susy Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, United States
| | - Yixin Su
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, United States
| | - Mitu Sharma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, United States
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, United States
| | - Sangeeta Singh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, United States
| | - Jingyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, United States; Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Wake Forest Baptist Health, United States
| | - Cristina M Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, United States; Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Wake Forest Baptist Health, United States; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Health, United States
| | - Ravi Singh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, United States; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Health, United States
| | - Fang-Chi Hsu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Health, United States; Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest Baptist Health, United States
| | - Jeongchul Kim
- Radiology Informatics and Image Processing Laboratory, Wake Forest School of Medicine, United States; Department of Radiology, Section of Neuroradiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, United States
| | - Christopher T Whitlow
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Health, United States; Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest Baptist Health, United States; Radiology Informatics and Image Processing Laboratory, Wake Forest School of Medicine, United States; Department of Radiology, Section of Neuroradiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, United States; Center for Research on Substance Use and Addiction, Wake Forest School of Medicine, United States
| | - Michael A Nader
- Center for Research on Substance Use and Addiction, Wake Forest School of Medicine, United States; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, NRC 546, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States.
| | - Gagan Deep
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, United States; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Health, United States; Center for Research on Substance Use and Addiction, Wake Forest School of Medicine, United States; Department of Urology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.
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18
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Blake S, Bremer PT, Zhou B, Petrovsky N, Smith LC, Hwang CS, Janda KD. Developing Translational Vaccines against Heroin and Fentanyl through Investigation of Adjuvants and Stability. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:228-235. [PMID: 33301675 PMCID: PMC9946458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The nearly insurmountable adversity that accompanies opioid use disorder (OUD) creates life-altering complications for opioid users. To worsen matters, existing small-molecule drugs continue to inadequately address OUD due to their engagement of the opioid receptor, which can leave the user to deal with side effects and financial hardships from their repeated use. An alternative therapeutic approach utilizes endogenously generated antibodies through active vaccination to reduce the effect of opioids without modulating the opioid receptor. Here, we explore different adjuvants and storage conditions to improve opioid vaccine efficacy and shelf life. Our results revealed that inulin-based formulations (Advax) containing a CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) acted as effective adjuvants when combined with a heroin conjugate: immunized mice showed excellent recovery from heroin-induced antinociception accompanied by high titer, high opioid affinity serum antibodies similar to the immunopotentiating properties of traditional alum-based adjuvants. Moreover, nonhuman primates vaccinated with a heroin/fentanyl combination vaccine demonstrated potent antibody responses against opioids when formulated with both inulin and alum adjuvants. Finally, storing a freeze-dried opioid vaccine formulation maintained efficacy for up 1 year at room temperature. The results from our studies represent an advance toward a clinically feasible opioid vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Blake
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Worm Institute of Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Paul T. Bremer
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Worm Institute of Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States,Cessation Therapeutics, LLC, 3031 Tisch Way, San Jose, California 95128, United States
| | - Bin Zhou
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Worm Institute of Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001, South Australia, Australia,Vaxine Pty Ltd, 11 Walkley Avenue, Warradale 5046, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lauren C. Smith
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Worm Institute of Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Candy S. Hwang
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Worm Institute of Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Kim D. Janda
- Departments of Chemistry and Immunology, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Worm Institute of Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States,Corresponding Author: Kim D. Janda - The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States. Phone: (858), 785-2515. Fax: (858) 784-2595. .
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19
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Willner MJ, Xiao Y, Kim HS, Chen X, Xu B, Leong KW. Modeling SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with opioid use disorder with brain organoids. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:2041731420985299. [PMID: 33738089 PMCID: PMC7934045 DOI: 10.1177/2041731420985299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has aggravated a preexisting epidemic: the opioid crisis. Much literature has shown that the circumstances imposed by COVID-19, such as social distancing regulations, medical and financial instability, and increased mental health issues, have been detrimental to those with opioid use disorder (OUD). In addition, unexpected neurological sequelae in COVID-19 patients suggest that COVID-19 compromises neuroimmunity, induces hypoxia, and causes respiratory depression, provoking similar effects as those caused by opioid exposure. Combined conditions of COVID-19 and OUD could lead to exacerbated complications. With limited human in vivo options to study these complications, we suggest that iPSC-derived brain organoid models may serve as a useful platform to investigate the physiological connection between COVID-19 and OUD. This mini-review highlights the advances of brain organoids in other neuropsychiatric and infectious diseases and suggests their potential utility for investigating OUD and COVID-19, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshe J Willner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hye Sung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuejing Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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20
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Fitting S, McRae M, Hauser KF. Opioid and neuroHIV Comorbidity - Current and Future Perspectives. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2020; 15:584-627. [PMID: 32876803 PMCID: PMC7463108 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-020-09941-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With the current national opioid crisis, it is critical to examine the mechanisms underlying pathophysiologic interactions between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and opioids in the central nervous system (CNS). Recent advances in experimental models, methodology, and our understanding of disease processes at the molecular and cellular levels reveal opioid-HIV interactions with increasing clarity. However, despite the substantial new insight, the unique impact of opioids on the severity, progression, and prognosis of neuroHIV and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are not fully understood. In this review, we explore, in detail, what is currently known about mechanisms underlying opioid interactions with HIV, with emphasis on individual HIV-1-expressed gene products at the molecular, cellular and systems levels. Furthermore, we review preclinical and clinical studies with a focus on key considerations when addressing questions of whether opioid-HIV interactive pathogenesis results in unique structural or functional deficits not seen with either disease alone. These considerations include, understanding the combined consequences of HIV-1 genetic variants, host variants, and μ-opioid receptor (MOR) and HIV chemokine co-receptor interactions on the comorbidity. Lastly, we present topics that need to be considered in the future to better understand the unique contributions of opioids to the pathophysiology of neuroHIV. Graphical Abstract Blood-brain barrier and the neurovascular unit. With HIV and opiate co-exposure (represented below the dotted line), there is breakdown of tight junction proteins and increased leakage of paracellular compounds into the brain. Despite this, opiate exposure selectively increases the expression of some efflux transporters, thereby restricting brain penetration of specific drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Fitting
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3270, USA
| | - MaryPeace McRae
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Kurt F Hauser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1217 East Marshall Street, Richmond, VA, 23298-0613, USA.
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298-0709, USA.
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, 203 East Cary Street, Richmond, VA, 23298-0059, USA.
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21
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Ward HB, Mosquera MJ, Suzuki J, Mariano TY. A Systematic Review of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation for Opioid Use Disorder. Neuromodulation 2020; 23:301-311. [DOI: 10.1111/ner.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heather B. Ward
- Department of Psychiatry Brigham & Women's Hospital Boston MA USA
- Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Matthew J. Mosquera
- Department of Psychiatry Brigham & Women's Hospital Boston MA USA
- Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Joji Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry Brigham & Women's Hospital Boston MA USA
- Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Timothy Y. Mariano
- Department of Psychiatry Brigham & Women's Hospital Boston MA USA
- Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
- Butler Hospital Providence RI USA
- Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center Providence RI USA
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22
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Degenhardt L, Grebely J, Stone J, Hickman M, Vickerman P, Marshall BDL, Bruneau J, Altice FL, Henderson G, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Larney S. Global patterns of opioid use and dependence: harms to populations, interventions, and future action. Lancet 2019; 394:1560-1579. [PMID: 31657732 PMCID: PMC7068135 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(19)32229-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We summarise the evidence for medicinal uses of opioids, harms related to the extramedical use of, and dependence on, these drugs, and a wide range of interventions used to address these harms. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study estimated that in 2017, 40·5 million people were dependent on opioids (95% uncertainty interval 34·3-47·9 million) and 109 500 people (105 800-113 600) died from opioid overdose. Opioid agonist treatment (OAT) can be highly effective in reducing illicit opioid use and improving multiple health and social outcomes-eg, by reducing overall mortality and key causes of death, including overdose, suicide, HIV, hepatitis C virus, and other injuries. Mathematical modelling suggests that scaling up the use of OAT and retaining people in treatment, including in prison, could avert a median of 7·7% of deaths in Kentucky, 10·7% in Kiev, and 25·9% in Tehran over 20 years (compared with no OAT), with the greater effects in Tehran and Kiev being due to reductions in HIV mortality, given the higher prevalence of HIV among people who inject drugs in those settings. Other interventions have varied evidence for effectiveness and patient acceptability, and typically affect a narrower set of outcomes than OAT does. Other effective interventions focus on preventing harm related to opioids. Despite strong evidence for the effectiveness of a range of interventions to improve the health and wellbeing of people who are dependent on opioids, coverage is low, even in high-income countries. Treatment quality might be less than desirable, and considerable harm might be caused to individuals, society, and the economy by the criminalisation of extramedical opioid use and dependence. Alternative policy frameworks are recommended that adopt an approach based on human rights and public health, do not make drug use a criminal behaviour, and seek to reduce drug-related harm at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jason Grebely
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jack Stone
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Matthew Hickman
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Peter Vickerman
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Julie Bruneau
- Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarah Larney
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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23
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Hampton WH, Hanik IM, Olson IR. Substance abuse and white matter: Findings, limitations, and future of diffusion tensor imaging research. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 197:288-298. [PMID: 30875650 PMCID: PMC6440853 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Individuals who abuse substances often differ from nonusers in their brain structure. Substance abuse and addiction is often associated with atrophy and pathology of grey matter, but much less is known about the role of white matter, which constitutes over half of human brain volume. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), a method for non-invasively estimating white matter, is increasingly being used to study addiction and substance abuse. Here we review recent DTI studies of major substances of abuse (alcohol, opiates, cocaine, cannabis, and nicotine substance abuse) to examine the relationship, specificity, causality, and permanence of substance-related differences in white matter microstructure. Across substance, users tended to exhibit differences in the microstructure of major fiber pathways, such as the corpus callosum. The direction of these differences, however, appeared substance-dependent. The subsample of longitudinal studies reviewed suggests that substance abuse may cause changes in white matter, though it is unclear to what extent such alterations are permanent. While collectively informative, some studies reviewed were limited by methodological and technical approach. We therefore also provide methodological guidance for future research using DTI to study substance abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Hampton
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, Temple University, United States
| | - Italia M Hanik
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, Temple University, United States
| | - Ingrid R Olson
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, Temple University, United States.
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24
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Ghosh A, Basu D, Khandelwal N, Ahuja CK, Bn S, Rana D. Risk, reversibility and resilience of brain circuitries linked to opioid dependence: A diffusion tensor imaging study of actively opioid-using subjects and three comparison groups. Asian J Psychiatr 2019; 40:107-115. [PMID: 30785033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug addiction is linked with micro-structural changes in the fronto-striatal white matter (WM) tracts. However, little is known regarding causality (risk factor for subsequent drug use vs. effect of chronic drug use) and reversibility of such changes. METHODS In this study, 30-direction diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to examine WM integrity of selected fronto-striatal circuitries: the orbito-frontal circuit (OFC), anterior cingulate (AC), inferior frontal circuit (IFC), and genu of corpus callosum (CC-G). Fractional anisotropy (FA) as a measure of WM integrity was compared between actively opioid dependent subjects [OD, N = 30], their non-substance-dependent siblings [SG, N = 30], opioid dependent subjects currently abstinent [AG, N = 15] and non-substance-dependent controls [CG, N = 15] who were gender and handedness-matched. Trait impulsivity and executive functions were also compared. RESULTS Compared to CG, OD group had significantly lower FA in the bilateral IFC and right OFC. Reduced FA in left IFC was also present in SG, when compared to CG, whereas SG had higher FA in the left anterior cingulum than OD. AG had significantly low FA in left IFC and CCG than CG. Trait impulsivity was highest in OD, followed by SG and CG. Non-planning impulsiveness score was significantly correlated with FA of left IFC. OD had impairment in executive functions compared to CG. WM changes in opioid dependence involve fronto-striatal circuits implicated in poor decisional balance and impulsivity. CONCLUSION Changes in Left IFC appear to predate the onset of addiction, conferring vulnerability, and persist during abstinence. Behavioral and neuro-psychological assessments concur with the imaging results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Ghosh
- Drug De-Addiction and Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
| | - Debasish Basu
- Drug De-Addiction and Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
| | - Niranjan Khandelwal
- Department of Radio-Diagnosis and Imaging, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
| | - Chirag Kamal Ahuja
- Department of Radio-Diagnosis and Imaging, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
| | - Subodh Bn
- Drug De-Addiction and Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
| | - Devender Rana
- Drug De-Addiction and Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
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25
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Zhu M, Xu Y, Wang H, Shen Z, Xie Z, Chen F, Gao Y, Chen X, Zhang Y, Wu Q, Li X, Yu J, Luo H, Wang K. Heroin Abuse Results in Shifted RNA Expression to Neurodegenerative Diseases and Attenuation of TNFα Signaling Pathway. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9231. [PMID: 29915338 PMCID: PMC6006288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27419-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated administration of heroin results in the induction of physical dependence, which is characterized as a behavioral state of compulsive drug seeking and a high rate of relapse even after periods of abstinence. However, few studies have been dedicated to characterization of the long-term alterations in heroin-dependent patients (HDPs). Herein, we examined the peripheral blood from 810 HDPs versus 500 healthy controls (HCs) according to the inclusion criteria. Compared with the control group, significant decreases of albumin, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels were identified in HDPs (P < 0.001) versus HCs coupled with an insignificant decrease in BMI. Meanwhile, RNA-sequencing analyses were performed on blood of 16 long-term HDPs and 25 HCs. The results showed that the TNFα signaling pathway and hematopoiesis related genes were inhibited in HDPs. We further compared the transcriptome data to those of SCA2 and posttraumatic stress disorder patients, identified neurodegenerative diseases related genes were commonly up-regulated in coupled with biological processes "vesicle transport", "mitochondria" and "splicing". Genes in the categories of "protein ubiquitination" were down-regulated indicating potential biochemical alterations shared by all three comparative to their controls. In summary, this is a leading study performing a series of through investigations and using delicate approaches. Results from this study would benefit the study of drug addiction overall and link long-term heroin abuse to neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhu
- Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Huawei Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Zongwen Shen
- Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Kunming Engineering Technology Center of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive Diseases, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhenrong Xie
- Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Department of reproduction and genetics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Fengrong Chen
- Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Department of reproduction and genetics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Yunhong Gao
- Yunnan Drug Enforcement Commission Office, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Drug Enforcement Administration, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Yunnan Drug Enforcement Commission Office, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Drug Enforcement Administration, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Yunnan Drug Enforcement Commission Office, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Drug Enforcement Administration, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Yunnan Drug Enforcement Commission Office, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Drug Enforcement Administration, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Yunnan Drug Enforcement Commission Office, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Drug Enforcement Administration, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Juehua Yu
- Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Huayou Luo
- Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
| | - Kunhua Wang
- Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
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26
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A Novel Role for Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells (OPCs) and Sox10 in Mediating Cellular and Behavioral Responses to Heroin. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:1385-1394. [PMID: 29260792 PMCID: PMC5916371 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Opiate abuse and addiction have become a worldwide epidemic with great societal and financial burdens, highlighting a critical need to understand the neurobiology of opiate addiction. Although several studies have focused on drug-dependent changes in neurons, the role of glia in opiate addiction remains largely unstudied. RNA sequencing pathway analysis from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of male rats revealed changes in several genes associated with oligodendrocyte differentiation and maturation following heroin self-administration. Among these genes changed was Sox10, which is regulated, in part, by the chromatin remodeler BRG1/SMARCA4. To directly test the functional role of Sox10 in mediating heroin-induced behavioral plasticity, we selectively overexpressed Sox10 and BRG1 in the PFC. Overexpression of either Sox10 or BRG1 decreased the motivation to obtain heroin infusions in a progressive ratio test without altering the acquisition or maintenance of heroin self-administration. These data demonstrate a critical, and perhaps compensatory, role of Sox10 and BRG1 in oligodendrocytes in regulating the motivation for heroin.
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27
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Fan R, Schrott LM, Arnold T, Snelling S, Rao M, Graham D, Cornelius A, Korneeva NL. Chronic oxycodone induces axonal degeneration in rat brain. BMC Neurosci 2018; 19:15. [PMID: 29571287 PMCID: PMC5865283 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-018-0417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic opioid therapy for non-malignant pain conditions has significantly increased over the last 15 years. Recently, the correlation between opioid analgesics and alternations in brain structure, such as leukoencephalopathy, axon demyelination, and white matter lesions, has been demonstrated in patients with a history of long-term use of prescription opioids. The exact mechanisms underlying the neurotoxic effect of opioids on the central nervous system are still not fully understood. We investigated the effect of chronic opioids using an animal model in which female rats were orally gavaged with 15 mg/kg of oxycodone every 24 h for 30 days. In addition we tested oxycodone, morphine and DAMGO in breast adenocarcinoma MCF7 cells, which are known to express the μ-opioid receptor. RESULTS We observed several changes in the white matter of animals treated with oxycodone: deformation of axonal tracks, reduction in size of axonal fascicles, loss of myelin basic protein and accumulation of amyloid precursor protein beta (β-APP), suggesting axonal damages by chronic oxycodone. Moreover, we demonstrated activation of pro-apoptotic machinery amid suppression of anti-apoptotic signaling in axonal tracks that correlated with activation of biomarkers of the integrated stress response (ISR) in these structures after oxycodone exposure. Using MCF7 cells, we observed induction of the ISR and pro-apoptotic signaling after opioid treatment. We showed that the ISR inhibitor, ISRIB, suppresses opioid-induced Bax and CHOP expression in MCF7 cells. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our data suggest that chronic opioid administration may cause neuronal degeneration by activation of the integrated stress response leading to induction of apoptotic signaling in neurons and also by promoting demyelination in CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruping Fan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, USA
| | - Lisa M. Schrott
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, USA
| | - Thomas Arnold
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, USA
| | - Stephen Snelling
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, USA
| | - Meghana Rao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, USA
| | - Derrel Graham
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, USA
| | - Angela Cornelius
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, USA
| | - Nadejda L. Korneeva
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, USA
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28
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Frontal cortex dysfunction as a target for remediation in opiate use disorder: Role in cognitive dysfunction and disordered reward systems. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2018; 239:179-227. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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29
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Ivers JH, Fitzgerald J, Whelan C, Sweeney B, Keenan E, Fagan A, McMarrow J, Meany J, Barry J, Frodl T. Progressive white matter impairment as a predictor of outcome in a cohort of opioid-dependent patient's post-detoxification. Addict Biol 2018; 23:304-312. [PMID: 27739172 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
White matter impairment is associated with opioid dependence. However, the specific neuropathology related to opioid dependence is still not fully understood. The main aims of this study were to: (1) assess the association between white matter impairment and duration of dependence; (2) examine whether this impairment correlates with treatment outcome measures in opioid-dependent patients post-detoxification. Fifty-eight opioid-dependent patients participated, 20 females and 38 males, across three groups: less than 10 years use (n = 18), 10-15 years use (n = 26) and 16-25+ years use (n = 14). Diffusion tensor imaging was used to assess white matter impairment; whole brain voxel-wise analysis of fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD) were performed by Tract-Based-Spatial-Statistics to pinpoint abnormalities in white matter. The longer the subjects were dependent on opioids, the more widespread and severely the white-matter integrity was disrupted. A general linear model was used to examine patients who relapsed compared to those who were abstinent at follow-up. No statistical difference was found between groups (p > 0.05). Partial correlations were performed to investigate the relationship between clinical outcome measures (physical health, psychological well being and quality of life and hope for the future) and white-matter microstructural differences. Significant correlations were found between AD in the posterior corona radiata (L) and MD in the superior longitudinal fasciculus and a clinical measure for HOPE at 9-month follow-up. Nevertheless, it must be noted that the calculation of numerous correlations raises the possibility of a type I error, namely; to incorrectly conclude the occurrence of a significant correlation. The ability to investigate the structure-clinical relationship may improve our understanding of the pathological abnormalities associated with opioid dependence and has promise for use in evaluating future therapeutic outcomes in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Hanna Ivers
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care; School of Medicine Trinity College Dublin; Ireland
| | - Jacqueline Fitzgerald
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience; Trinity College Dublin; Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry; School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin; Ireland
| | - Christopher Whelan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Ireland
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute; Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA United States
| | | | - Eamon Keenan
- National Drug Treatment Centre Board; Health Service Executive, Dublin; Ireland
| | - Andrew Fagan
- National Centre for Advanced Medical Imaging (CAMI), St James Hospital; Ireland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine; Trinity College Dublin; Ireland
| | - Jason McMarrow
- National Centre for Advanced Medical Imaging (CAMI), St James Hospital; Ireland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine; Trinity College Dublin; Ireland
| | - Jim Meany
- National Centre for Advanced Medical Imaging (CAMI), St James Hospital; Ireland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine; Trinity College Dublin; Ireland
| | - Joe Barry
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care; School of Medicine Trinity College Dublin; Ireland
| | - Thomas Frodl
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience; Trinity College Dublin; Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry; School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin; Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg; Germany
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30
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Serpa MH, Doshi J, Erus G, Chaim-Avancini TM, Cavallet M, van de Bilt MT, Sallet PC, Gattaz WF, Davatzikos C, Busatto GF, Zanetti MV. State-dependent microstructural white matter changes in drug-naïve patients with first-episode psychosis. Psychol Med 2017; 47:2613-2627. [PMID: 28826419 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717001015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have consistently shown white matter (WM) microstructural abnormalities in schizophrenia. Whether or not such alterations could vary depending on clinical status (i.e. acute psychosis v. remission) remains to be investigated. METHODS Twenty-five treatment-naïve first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients and 51 healthy-controls (HC) underwent MRI scanning at baseline. Twenty-one patients were re-scanned as soon as they achieved sustained remission of symptoms; 36 HC were also scanned twice. Rate-of-change maps of longitudinal DTI changes were calculated for in order to examine WM alterations associated with changes in clinical status. We conducted voxelwise analyses of fractional anisotropy (FA) and trace (TR) maps. RESULTS At baseline, FEP presented reductions of FA in comparison with HC [p < 0.05, false-discovery rate (FDR)-corrected] affecting fronto-limbic WM and associative, projective and commissural fasciculi. After symptom remission, patients showed FA increase over time (p < 0.001, uncorrected) in some of the above WM tracts, namely the right anterior thalamic radiation, right uncinate fasciculus/inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus/inferior longitudinal fasciculus. We also found significant correlations between reductions in PANSS scores and FA increases over time (p < 0.05, FDR-corrected). CONCLUSIONS WM changes affecting brain tracts critical to the integration of perceptual information, cognition and emotions are detectable soon after the onset of FEP and may partially reverse in direct relation to the remission of acute psychotic symptoms. Our findings reinforce the view that WM abnormalities in brain tracts are a key neurobiological feature of acute psychotic disorders, and recovery from such WM pathology can lead to amelioration of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Serpa
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21),Department and Institute of Psychiatry,Faculty of Medicine,University of São Paulo, Centro de Medicina Nuclear,3o andar, LIM-21,Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos,s/n, São Paulo, SP,Brazil
| | - J Doshi
- Section of Biomedical Image Analysis (SBIA), Department of Radiology,University of Pennsylvania,3600 Market St,Suite 380, Philadelphia, PA,USA
| | - G Erus
- Section of Biomedical Image Analysis (SBIA), Department of Radiology,University of Pennsylvania,3600 Market St,Suite 380, Philadelphia, PA,USA
| | - T M Chaim-Avancini
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21),Department and Institute of Psychiatry,Faculty of Medicine,University of São Paulo, Centro de Medicina Nuclear,3o andar, LIM-21,Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos,s/n, São Paulo, SP,Brazil
| | - M Cavallet
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21),Department and Institute of Psychiatry,Faculty of Medicine,University of São Paulo, Centro de Medicina Nuclear,3o andar, LIM-21,Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos,s/n, São Paulo, SP,Brazil
| | - M T van de Bilt
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, Centro de Medicina Nuclear,3o andar, LIM-21,Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos,s/n, São Paulo, SP,Brazil
| | - P C Sallet
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, LIM-27,Department and Institute of Psychiatry,Faculty of Medicine,University of São Paulo, Instituto de Psiquiatria,3o andar, LIM-27,Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos,s/n, São Paulo, SP,Brazil
| | - W F Gattaz
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, LIM-27,Department and Institute of Psychiatry,Faculty of Medicine,University of São Paulo, Instituto de Psiquiatria,3o andar, LIM-27,Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos,s/n, São Paulo, SP,Brazil
| | - C Davatzikos
- Section of Biomedical Image Analysis (SBIA), Department of Radiology,University of Pennsylvania,3600 Market St,Suite 380, Philadelphia, PA,USA
| | - G F Busatto
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21),Department and Institute of Psychiatry,Faculty of Medicine,University of São Paulo, Centro de Medicina Nuclear,3o andar, LIM-21,Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos,s/n, São Paulo, SP,Brazil
| | - M V Zanetti
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21),Department and Institute of Psychiatry,Faculty of Medicine,University of São Paulo, Centro de Medicina Nuclear,3o andar, LIM-21,Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos,s/n, São Paulo, SP,Brazil
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31
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Cancelliere A, Blohm E, Neavyn M. A dangerous chase: severe neurocognitive impairment and death following smoked heroin. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2017; 56:386-388. [PMID: 29065717 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2017.1392559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cancelliere
- a Department of Emergency Medicine , University of Massachusetts School of Medicine , Worcester , MA , USA
| | - Eike Blohm
- b Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery , University of Vermont Medical Center , Burlington , VT , USA
| | - Mark Neavyn
- a Department of Emergency Medicine , University of Massachusetts School of Medicine , Worcester , MA , USA
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Global white matter microstructural abnormalities associated with addiction liability score in drug naïve youth. Brain Imaging Behav 2017; 12:274-283. [PMID: 28271440 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9679-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities in brain white matter (WM) structure have been reported in youths having a family history of substance use disorders (SUDs). It was hypothesized that these abnormalities constitute features of the liability for SUDs transmitted across generations. The association between severity of intergenerational risk for SUD, measured by the Transmissible Liability Index (TLI), and white matter microstructure was examined. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measured WM microstructure in forty-four drug-naïve 10-14 year-olds (N = 19 with parental SUD). Metrics of WM microstructure (i.e., fractional anisotropy, radial diffusivity, mean diffusivity and axial diffusivity) were quantified across the whole brain and in four tracts of interest: anterior corona radiata, superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculi and superior fronto-occipital fasciculi. The TLI was completed by the youths, their parents and, when available, their teachers. The relationship between WM structure and TLI score across the entire group was evaluated using linear multiple regression and between group comparisons were also examined. Fractional anisotropy and radial diffusivity in multiple tracts across the brain were significantly associated with TLI scores. Confirming and extending prior research, the findings indicate that global atypicality in WM tracts was linearly related to liability for eventual SUD development in drug naïve youths.
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Goto M, Abe O, Hata J, Fukunaga I, Shimoji K, Kunimatsu A, Gomi T. Adverse effects of metallic artifacts on voxel-wise analysis and tract-based spatial statistics in diffusion tensor imaging. Acta Radiol 2017; 58:211-217. [PMID: 27069095 DOI: 10.1177/0284185116641348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that reflects the Brownian motion of water molecules constrained within brain tissue. Fractional anisotropy (FA) is one of the most commonly measured DTI parameters, and can be applied to quantitative analysis of white matter as tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) and voxel-wise analysis. Purpose To show an association between metallic implants and the results of statistical analysis (voxel-wise group comparison and TBSS) for fractional anisotropy (FA) mapping, in DTI of healthy adults. Material and Methods Sixteen healthy volunteers were scanned with 3-Tesla MRI. A magnetic keeper type of dental implant was used as the metallic implant. DTI was acquired three times in each participant: (i) without a magnetic keeper (FAnon1); (ii) with a magnetic keeper (FAimp); and (iii) without a magnetic keeper (FAnon2) as reproducibility of FAnon1. Group comparisons with paired t-test were performed as FAnon1 vs. FAnon2, and as FAnon1 vs. FAimp. Results Regions of significantly reduced and increased local FA values were revealed by voxel-wise group comparison analysis (a P value of less than 0.05, corrected with family-wise error), but not by TBSS. Conclusion Metallic implants existing outside the field of view produce artifacts that affect the statistical analysis (voxel-wise group comparisons) for FA mapping. When statistical analysis for FA mapping is conducted by researchers, it is important to pay attention to any dental implants present in the mouths of the participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Goto
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Osamu Abe
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Hata
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Issei Fukunaga
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keigo Shimoji
- Department of Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Kunimatsu
- Department of Radiology, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Gomi
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
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Fareed A, Kim J, Ketchen B, Kwak WJ, Wang D, Shongo-Hiango H, Drexler K. Effect of heroin use on changes of brain functions as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging, a systematic review. J Addict Dis 2017; 36:105-116. [DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2017.1280898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Fareed
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jungjin Kim
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bethany Ketchen
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Woo Jin Kwak
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Danzhao Wang
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hilaire Shongo-Hiango
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Karen Drexler
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Pandria N, Kovatsi L, Vivas AB, Bamidis PD. Resting-state Abnormalities in Heroin-dependent Individuals. Neuroscience 2016; 378:113-145. [PMID: 27884551 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a major health problem worldwide. Recent neuroimaging studies have shed light into the underlying mechanisms of drug addiction as well as its consequences to the human brain. The most vulnerable, to heroin addiction, brain regions have been reported to be specific prefrontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal regions, as well as, some subcortical regions. The brain regions involved are usually linked with reward, motivation/drive, memory/learning, inhibition as well as emotional control and seem to form circuits that interact with each other. So, along with neuroimaging studies, recent advances in resting-state dynamics might allow further assessments upon the multilayer complexity of addiction. In the current manuscript, we comprehensively review and discuss existing resting-state neuroimaging findings classified into three overlapping and interconnected groups: functional connectivity alterations, structural deficits and abnormal topological properties. Moreover, behavioral traits of heroin-addicted individuals as well as the limitations of the currently available studies are also reviewed. Finally, in need of a contemporary therapy a multimodal therapeutic approach is suggested using classical treatment practices along with current neurotechonologies, such as neurofeedback and goal-oriented video-games.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Pandria
- Neuroscience of Cognition and Affection Group, Laboratory of Medical Physics, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Leda Kovatsi
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Ana B Vivas
- Cognitive Psychology and Neuropsychology Lab, Department of Psychology, City College, The University of Sheffield International Faculty, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Panagiotis D Bamidis
- Neuroscience of Cognition and Affection Group, Laboratory of Medical Physics, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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36
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Zhang R, Jiang G, Tian J, Qiu Y, Wen X, Zalesky A, Li M, Ma X, Wang J, Li S, Wang T, Li C, Huang R. Abnormal white matter structural networks characterize heroin-dependent individuals: a network analysis. Addict Biol 2016; 21:667-78. [PMID: 25740690 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies suggested that drug addiction is linked to abnormal brain functional connectivity. However, little is known about the alteration of brain white matter (WM) connectivity in addictive drug users and nearly no study has been performed to examine the alterations of brain WM connectivity in heroin-dependent individuals (HDIs). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) offers a comprehensive technique to map the whole brain WM connectivity in vivo. In this study, we acquired DTI datasets from 20 HDIs and 18 healthy controls and constructed their brain WM structural networks using a deterministic fibre tracking approach. Using graph theoretical analysis, we explored the global and nodal topological parameters of brain network for both groups and adopted a network-based statistic (NBS) approach to assess between-group differences in inter-regional WM connections. Statistical analysis indicated the global efficiency and network strength were significantly increased, but the characteristic path length was significantly decreased in the HDIs compared with the controls. We also found that in the HDIs, the nodal efficiency was significantly increased in the left prefrontal cortex, bilateral orbital frontal cortices and left anterior cingulate gyrus. Moreover, the NBS analysis revealed that in the HDIs, the significant increased connections were located in the paralimbic, orbitofrontal, prefrontal and temporal regions. Our results may reflect the disruption of whole brain WM structural networks in the HDIs. Our findings suggest that mapping brain WM structural network may be helpful for better understanding the neuromechanism of heroin addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Zhang
- Centre for the Study of Applied Psychology; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Healthy and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province; School of Psychology; South China Normal University; China
| | - Guihua Jiang
- Department of Medical Imaging; Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital; China
| | - Junzhang Tian
- Department of Medical Imaging; Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital; China
| | - Yingwei Qiu
- Department of Medical Imaging; Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital; China
| | - Xue Wen
- Centre for the Study of Applied Psychology; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Healthy and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province; School of Psychology; South China Normal University; China
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre; University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health; Australia
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Medical Imaging; Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital; China
| | - Xiaofen Ma
- Department of Medical Imaging; Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital; China
| | - Junjing Wang
- Centre for the Study of Applied Psychology; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Healthy and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province; School of Psychology; South China Normal University; China
| | - Shumei Li
- Department of Medical Imaging; Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital; China
| | - Tianyue Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging; Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital; China
| | - Changhong Li
- Centre for the Study of Applied Psychology; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Healthy and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province; School of Psychology; South China Normal University; China
| | - Ruiwang Huang
- Centre for the Study of Applied Psychology; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Healthy and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province; School of Psychology; South China Normal University; China
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Diffusivity of the uncinate fasciculus in heroin users relates to their levels of anxiety. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e554. [PMID: 25918991 PMCID: PMC4462611 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Heroin use is closely associated with emotional dysregulation, which may explain its high comorbidity with disorders such as anxiety and depression. However, the understanding of the neurobiological etiology of the association between heroin use and emotional dysregulation is limited. Previous studies have suggested an impact of heroin on diffusivity in white matter involving the emotional regulatory system, but the specificity of this finding remains to be determined. Therefore, this study investigated the association between heroin use and diffusivity of white matter tracts in heroin users and examined whether the tracts were associated with their elevated anxiety and depression levels. A sample of 26 right-handed male abstinent heroin users (25 to 42 years of age) and 32 matched healthy controls (19 to 55 years of age) was recruited for this study. Diffusion tensor imaging data were collected, and their levels of anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Our findings indicated that heroin users exhibited higher levels of anxiety and depression, but the heroin use-associated left uncinate fasciculus was only related to their anxiety level, suggesting that association between heroin and anxiety has an incremental organic basis but that for depression could be a threshold issue. This finding improves our understanding of heroin addiction and its comorbid affective disorder and facilitates future therapeutic development.
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38
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Viswanath H, Velasquez KM, Thompson-Lake DGY, Savjani R, Carter AQ, Eagleman D, Baldwin PR, De La Garza R, Salas R. Alterations in interhemispheric functional and anatomical connectivity are associated with tobacco smoking in humans. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:116. [PMID: 25805986 PMCID: PMC4353249 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal interhemispheric functional connectivity correlates with several neurologic and psychiatric conditions, including depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, and stroke. Abnormal interhemispheric functional connectivity also correlates with abuse of cannabis and cocaine. In the current report, we evaluated whether tobacco abuse (i.e., cigarette smoking) is associated with altered interhemispheric connectivity. To that end, we examined resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in short term tobacco deprived and smoking as usual tobacco smokers, and in non-smoker controls. Additionally, we compared diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the same subjects to study differences in white matter. The data reveal a significant increase in interhemispheric functional connectivity in sated tobacco smokers when compared to controls. This difference was larger in frontal regions, and was positively correlated with the average number of cigarettes smoked per day. In addition, we found a negative correlation between the number of DTI streamlines in the genual corpus callosum and the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Taken together, our results implicate changes in interhemispheric functional and anatomical connectivity in current cigarette smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humsini Viswanath
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kenia M Velasquez
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Ricky Savjani
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA
| | - Asasia Q Carter
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Eagleman
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA
| | - Philip R Baldwin
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard De La Garza
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA ; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ramiro Salas
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA
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Wollman SC, Alhassoon OM, Stern MJ, Hall MG, Rompogren J, Kimmel CL, Perez-Figueroa AM. White matter abnormalities in long-term heroin users: a preliminary neuroimaging meta-analysis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2015; 41:133-8. [PMID: 25664621 DOI: 10.3109/00952990.2014.985829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffusion tensor imaging has been used to explore white matter changes in heroin-dependent patients; however, results have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVES The current study meta-analytically examines the neuroimaging findings of all studies published before 2014 using the novel technique of Effect Size Signed Differential Mapping (ES-SDM). METHODS Two independent investigators searched three databases for whole-brain voxel-based fractional anisotropy morphometric studies involving heroin use without comorbid polysubstance abuse. Of 59 initial primary studies, four met stringent inclusion criteria. RESULTS RESULTS from this preliminary analysis indicate that heroin abusers may have significant reductions in fractional anisotropy in the bilateral frontal sub-gyral regions extending from the limbic structures to the prefrontal association cortices, implicating damage to the cingulum and superior longitudinal fasciculus. Exploratory moderator analyses indicate that the potential damage in the left cingulate gyrus may increase with longer use and decrease after long-term abstinence. CONCLUSION These preliminary findings suggest that heroin abuse is significantly associated with damage to white matter integrity. These results are considered preliminary and analyses should be revisited with more primary studies focusing on either long- or short-term abuse as well as abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Wollman
- California School of Professional Psychology , San Diego and
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