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Dai M, Qian K, Ye Q, Yang J, Gan L, Jia Z, Pan Z, Cai Q, Jiang T, Ma C, Lin X. Specific Mode Electroacupuncture Stimulation Mediates the Delivery of NGF Across the Hippocampus Blood-Brain Barrier Through p65-VEGFA-TJs to Improve the Cognitive Function of MCAO/R Convalescent Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04337-8. [PMID: 38995444 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment frequently presents as a prevalent consequence following stroke, imposing significant burdens on patients, families, and society. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness and underlying mechanism of nerve growth factor (NGF) in treating post-stroke cognitive dysfunction in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (MCAO/R) through delivery into the brain using specific mode electroacupuncture stimulation (SMES). From the 28th day after modeling, the rats were treated with NGF mediated by SMES, and the cognitive function of the rats was observed after treatment. Learning and memory ability were evaluated using behavioral tests. The impact of SMES on blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, the underlying mechanism of cognitive enhancement in rats with MCAO/R, including transmission electron microscopy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and TUNEL staining. We reported that SMES demonstrates a safe and efficient ability to open the BBB during the cerebral ischemia repair phase, facilitating the delivery of NGF to the brain by the p65-VEGFA-TJs pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Dai
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kecheng Qian
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinyu Ye
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinding Yang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Gan
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoxing Jia
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zixing Pan
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Cai
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianxiang Jiang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Congcong Ma
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, Xihu District, Moganshan Road No. 219, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Xianming Lin
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, Xihu District, Moganshan Road No. 219, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center, No. 2828, Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Chen P, Zhou J, Ruan AM, Ma YF, Wang QF. Paeoniflorin, the Main Monomer Component of Paeonia lactiflora, Exhibits Anti-inflammatory Properties in Osteoarthritis Synovial Inflammation. Chin J Integr Med 2024; 30:433-442. [PMID: 37999887 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-023-3653-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of paeoniflorin (PF) on osteoarthritis (OA) synovial inflammation from network pharmacology to experimental pharmacology. METHODS Targets of OA were constructed by detecting the database of network database platforms (Therapeutic Target database, DrugBank and GeneCards), and the targets of PF were constructed by PubChem and Herbal Ingredients' Targets database. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of these co-targeted genes were conducted via Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) database, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were conducted via the search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes (STRING) database. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was performed to assess the potential toxicity of PF on human OA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot were used to verify the potential mechanism of PF in synovial inflammation. RESULTS Twenty-six co-targeted genes were identified. GO enrichment results showed that these co-targeted genes were most likely localized in the cytoplasm, and the biological processes mainly involved 'cellular response to hypoxia' 'lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated signaling pathway' and 'positive regulation of gene expression'. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that these co-targeted genes may function through pathways associated with 'hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway' and 'tumor-necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway'. The PPI network showed that the top 3 hub genes were TP53, TNF, and CASP3. Molecular docking results showed that PF was well docking with TNF. CCK-8 showed no potential toxicity of 10, 20 and 50 µmol/L PF on human OA FLS. And PF significantly decreased the expression levels of interleukin-1 β, interleukin-6, TNF-α matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13), and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS5) and TNF-α in LPS-induced OA FLS. CONCLUSION PF exhibited potent anti-inflammatory effect in OA synovial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - An-Min Ruan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beijing Longfu Hospital, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Yu-Feng Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qing-Fu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Hong H, Lu X, Wu C, Chen J, Chen C, Zhang J, Huang C, Cui Z. A review for the pharmacological effects of paeoniflorin in the nervous system. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:898955. [PMID: 36046834 PMCID: PMC9420976 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.898955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Paeoniflorin, a terpenoid glycoside compound extracted from Paeonia lactiflora Pall, shows preventive and therapeutic effects in various types of nervous system disorders. However, to date, no comprehensive knowledge on the pharmacological effects of paeoniflorin on the nervous system is available online. Clarification of this issue may be useful for the development of paeoniflorin as a new drug for the treatment of nervous system disorders. To this end, the authors summarize the pharmacological aspects of paeoniflorin and its possible mechanisms, such as restoration of mitochondrial function; inhibition of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and cellular apoptosis; activation of adenosine A1 receptor, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2); or enhancement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and serotonin function, in the prevention of disorders such as cerebral ischemia, subarachnoid hemorrhage, vascular dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, post-traumatic syndrome disorder, and epilepsy, by reviewing the previously published literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Hong
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunshuai Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chu Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiming Cui
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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Zhang R, Zhou T, Samanta S, Luo Z, Li S, Xu H, Qu J. Synergistic photobiomodulation with 808-nm and 1064-nm lasers to reduce the β-amyloid neurotoxicity in the in vitro Alzheimer's disease models. FRONTIERS IN NEUROIMAGING 2022; 1:903531. [PMID: 37555169 PMCID: PMC10406259 DOI: 10.3389/fnimg.2022.903531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques is closely associated with the neuronal apoptosis and activation of microglia, which may result in the functional impairment of neurons through pro-inflammation and over-pruning of the neurons. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a non-invasive therapeutic approach without any conspicuous side effect, which has shown promising attributes in the treatment of chronic brain diseases such as AD by reducing the Aβ burden. However, neither the optimal parameters for PBM treatment nor its exact role in modulating the microglial functions/activities has been conclusively established yet. METHODS An inflammatory stimulation model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) was set up by activating microglia and neuroblastoma with fibrosis β-amyloid (fAβ) in a transwell insert system. SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and BV2 microglial cells were irradiated with the 808- and 1,064-nm lasers, respectively (a power density of 50 mW/cm2 and a dose of 10 J/cm2) to study the PBM activity. The amount of labeled fAβ phagocytosed by microglia was considered to assess the microglial phagocytosis. A PBM-induced neuroprotective study was conducted with the AD model under different laser parameters to realize the optimal condition. Microglial phenotype, microglial secretions of the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors, and the intracellular Ca2+ levels in microglia were studied in detail to understand the structural and functional changes occurring in the microglial cells of AD model upon PBM treatment. CONCLUSION A synergistic PBM effect (with the 808- and 1,064-nm lasers) effectively inhibited the fAβ-induced neurotoxicity of neuroblastoma by promoting the viability of neuroblastoma and regulating the intracellular Ca2+ levels of microglia. Moreover, the downregulation of Ca2+ led to microglial polarization with an M2 phenotype, which promotes the fAβ phagocytosis, and resulted in the upregulated expression of anti-inflammatory factors and downregulated expression of inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Liang B, Huang Y, Zhong Y, Li Z, Ye R, Wang B, Zhang B, Meng H, Lin X, Du J, Hu M, Wu Q, Sui H, Yang X, Huang Z. Brain single-nucleus transcriptomics highlights that polystyrene nanoplastics potentially induce Parkinson's disease-like neurodegeneration by causing energy metabolism disorders in mice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 430:128459. [PMID: 35739658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the prevalence of nanoplastics in daily life, human exposure is inevitable. However, whether and how nanoplastics cause neurotoxicity in humans remains obscure. Herein, we conducted a 28-day repeated dose oral toxicity study in C57BL/6 J mice exposed to 0.25-250 mg/kg body weight (BW) polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs, 50 nm). We revealed that PS-NP-caused Parkinson's disease (PD)-like neurodegeneration in mice by multiple approaches. Furthermore, a single-nucleus RNA sequencing of 62,843 brain nuclei unearthed PS-NP-induced cell-specific responses in the mouse brains. These disturbed responses among various brain cells were primarily linked with energy metabolism disorder and mitochondrial dysfunction in all brain cells, and especially in excitatory neurons, accompanied by inflammatory turbulence in astrocytes and microglia, dysfunction of proteostasis and synaptic-function regulation in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and endotheliocytes. These responses may synergize in PS-NP-motivated PD-like neurodegeneration pathogenesis. Moreover, we verified these single-nucleus transcriptomics findings on different brain regions and found that PS-NPs potentially caused PD-like neurodegeneration primarily by causing energy metabolism disorder in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and striatum. This manifested as decreases in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and expression levels of ATP-associated genes and proteins. Given nanoplastics' inevitable and growing exposure risks to humans, the neurological health risks of nanoplastic exposure warrant serious consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxuan Liang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuji Huang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yizhou Zhong
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhiming Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Rongyi Ye
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bo Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bingli Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hao Meng
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xi Lin
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiaxin Du
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Manjiang Hu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qinghong Wu
- Laboratory Animal Management Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Haixia Sui
- Division III of Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Xingfen Yang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Zhenlie Huang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Alghamdi SS, Suliman RS, Aljammaz NA, Kahtani KM, Aljatli DA, Albadrani GM. Natural Products as Novel Neuroprotective Agents; Computational Predictions of the Molecular Targets, ADME Properties, and Safety Profile. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:549. [PMID: 35214883 PMCID: PMC8878483 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are one of the most challenging public health issues. Despite tremendous advances in our understanding of NDs, little progress has been made in establishing effective treatments. Natural products may have enormous potential in preventing and treating NDs by targeting microglia; yet, there have been several clinical concerns about their usage, primarily due to a lack of scientific evidence for their efficacy, molecular targets, physicochemical properties, and safety. To solve this problem, the secondary bioactive metabolites derived from neuroprotective medicinal plants were identified and selected for computational predictions for anti-inflammatory activity, possible molecular targets, physicochemical properties, and safety evaluation using PASS online, Molinspiration, SwissADME, and ProTox-II, respectively. Most of the phytochemicals were active as anti-inflammatory agents as predicted using the PASS online webserver. Moreover, the molecular target predictions for some phytochemicals were similar to the reported experimental targets. Moreover, the phytochemicals that did not violate important physicochemical properties, including blood-brain barrier penetration, GI absorption, molecular weight, and lipophilicity, were selected for further safety evaluation. After screening 54 neuroprotective phytochemicals, our findings suggest that Aromatic-turmerone, Apocynin, and Matrine are the most promising compounds that could be considered when designing novel neuroprotective agents to treat neurodegenerative diseases via modulating microglial polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Saleh Alghamdi
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia; (R.S.S.); (N.A.A.); (K.M.K.); (D.A.A.)
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Saad Suliman
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia; (R.S.S.); (N.A.A.); (K.M.K.); (D.A.A.)
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah Abdulaziz Aljammaz
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia; (R.S.S.); (N.A.A.); (K.M.K.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Khawla Mohammed Kahtani
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia; (R.S.S.); (N.A.A.); (K.M.K.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Dimah Abdulqader Aljatli
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia; (R.S.S.); (N.A.A.); (K.M.K.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Ghadeer M. Albadrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474, Saudi Arabia;
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Bai ZZ, Tang JM, Ni J, Zheng TT, Zhou Y, Sun DY, Li GN, Liu P, Niu LX, Zhang YL. Comprehensive metabolite profile of multi-bioactive extract from tree peony (Paeonia ostii and Paeonia rockii) fruits based on MS/MS molecular networking. Food Res Int 2021; 148:110609. [PMID: 34507753 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Tree peony seed, traditionally used for edible oil production, is rich in α-linolenic acid. However, little attention is given to the fruit by-products during seed oil production. The present work aimed to comprehensively investigate the phytochemical constituents and multiple biological activities of different parts of tree peony fruits harvested from Paeonia ostii and Paeonia rockii. 130 metabolites were rapidly identified through UPLC-Triple-TOF-MS on the basis of MS/MS molecular networking. Metabolite quantification was performed through the targeted approach of HPLC-ESI-QQQ-MS. Eight chemical markers were screened via principal component analysis (PCA) for distinguishing species and tissues. Interestingly, two dominant compounds, paeoniflorin and trans-resveratrol, are specially localized in seed kernel and seed coat, respectively. Unexpectedly, the extracts of fruit pod and seed coat showed significantly stronger antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-neuroinflammatory activities than seed kernel from both P. ostii and P. rockii. Our work demonstrated that tree peony fruit is promising natural source of bioactive components and provided its potential utilization in food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Zhen Bai
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Oil Peony, College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jun-Man Tang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Oil Peony, College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jing Ni
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Oil Peony, College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Tian-Tian Zheng
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Oil Peony, College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Oil Peony, College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Dao-Yang Sun
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Oil Peony, College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | | | - Pu Liu
- Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China.
| | - Li-Xin Niu
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Oil Peony, College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yan-Long Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Oil Peony, College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Wang XL, Feng ST, Wang YT, Chen NH, Wang ZZ, Zhang Y. Paeoniflorin: A neuroprotective monoterpenoid glycoside with promising anti-depressive properties. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 90:153669. [PMID: 34334273 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression, as a prevalent and debilitating psychiatric disease, severely decreases the life quality of individuals and brings heavy burdens to the whole society. Currently, some antidepressants are applied in the treatment of severe depressive symptoms, while there are still some undesirable drawbacks. Paeoniflorin is a monoterpenoid glycoside that was firstly extracted from Paeonia lactiflora Pall, a traditional Chinese herb that is widely used in the Chinese herbal formulas for treating depression. PURPOSE This review summarized the previous pre-clinical studies of paeoniflorin in treating depression and further discussed the potential anti-depressive mechanisms for that paeoniflorin to be further explored and utilized in the treatment of depression clinically. METHODS Some electronic databases, e.g., PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, were searched from inception until April 2021. RESULTS This review summarized the effective anti-depressive properties of paeoniflorin, which is related to its functions in the upregulation of the levels of monoaminergic neurotransmitters, inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperfunction, promotion of neuroprotection, promotion of hippocampus neurogenesis, and upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor level, inhibition of inflammatory reaction, downregulation of nitric oxide level, etc. CONCLUSION: This review focused on the pre-clinical studies of paeoniflorin in depression and summarized the recent development of the anti-depressive mechanisms of paeoniflorin, which approves the role of paeoniflorin plays in anti-depression. However, more high-quality pre-clinical and clinical studies are expected to be conducted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Le Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Sunshine Southern Avenue, Fang-Shan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Si-Tong Feng
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Sunshine Southern Avenue, Fang-Shan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Ya-Ting Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Sunshine Southern Avenue, Fang-Shan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian-Nong-Tan Street, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian-Nong-Tan Street, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Sunshine Southern Avenue, Fang-Shan District, Beijing 102488, China.
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Jiao F, Varghese K, Wang S, Liu Y, Yu H, Booz GW, Roman RJ, Liu R, Fan F. Recent Insights Into the Protective Mechanisms of Paeoniflorin in Neurological, Cardiovascular, and Renal Diseases. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 77:728-734. [PMID: 34001724 PMCID: PMC8169546 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The monoterpene glycoside paeoniflorin (PF) is the principal active constituent of the traditional Chinese herbal medicines, Radix Paeoniae Alba and Radix Paeoniae Rubra, which have been used for millennia to treat cardiovascular diseases (eg, hypertension, bleeding, and atherosclerosis) and neurological ailments (eg, headaches, vertigo, dementia, and pain). Recent evidence has revealed that PF exerts inhibitory effects on inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis by targeting several intracellular signaling cascades. In this review, we address the current knowledge about the pharmacokinetic properties of PF and its molecular mechanisms of action. We also present results from recent preclinical studies supporting the utility of PF for the treatment of pain, cerebral ischemic injury, and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Moreover, new evidence suggests a general protective role of PF in heart attack, diabetic kidney, and atherosclerosis. Mechanistically, PF exerts multiple anti-inflammatory actions by targeting toll-like receptor-mediated signaling in both parenchymal and immune cells (in particular, macrophages and dendritic cells). A better understanding of the molecular actions of PF may lead to the expansion of its therapeutic uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Kevin Varghese
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Shaoxun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Yedan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - George W. Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Richard J. Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Ruen Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
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Zhang J, Zheng Y, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Ma F, Wang X, Fu J. Andrographolide ameliorates neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107808. [PMID: 34162168 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder, with no disease-modifying treatment available yet. There is increasing evidence that neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of AD. Andrographolide (Andro), a labdane diterpene extracted from the herb Andrographis paniculata, has been reported to exhibit neuroprotective property in central nervous system diseases. However, its effects on Aβ and Aβ-induced neuroinflammation have not yet been studied. In the present study, we found that Andro administration significantly alleviated cognitive impairments, reduced amyloid-β deposition, inhibited microglial activation, and decreased the secretion of proinflammatory factors in APP/PS1 mice. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that Andro could significantly decrease the expression of Itgax, TLR2, CD14, CCL3, CCL4, TLR1, and C3ar1 in APP/PS1 mice, which was further validated by qRT-PCR. Our results suggest that Andro might be a potential therapeutic drug for AD by regulating neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yaling Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yaxuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Medicine, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Fang Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lushi People's Hospital, Henan 472200, China
| | - Xiuzhe Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Jianliang Fu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.
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11
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Kim YJ, Park SY, Koh YJ, Lee JH. Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effects and Mechanism of Action of Fructus ligustri lucidi Extract in BV2 Microglia. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040688. [PMID: 33918375 PMCID: PMC8066913 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
For centuries, Fructus ligustri lucidi (FLL; the fruit of Ligustrum lucidum Aiton or Ligustrum japonicum Thunb.) has been commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating hepatitis and aging-related symptoms and in traditional Korean medicine to detoxify kidneys and the liver. Pharmacological research has shown FLL has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-osteoporosis, and hepatoprotective activities. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of FLL extract (FLLE) on neuroinflammation. After setting a non-toxic concentration using MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide] assay data, we investigated the effects of FLLE using Western blotting, cell migration, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, a nitric oxide (NO) assay, and immunofluorescence staining in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine BV2 microglial cells. FLLE was non-toxic to BV2 cells up to a concentration of 500 μg/mL and concentration-dependently inhibited the production of NO and prostaglandin E2 and the protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 under LPS-induced inflammatory conditions. It also inhibited the secretion of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Furthermore, FLLE pretreatment attenuated LPS-induced increases of CD68 (a marker of microglia activation) and suppressed the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells, and significantly increased heme oxygenase (HO)-1 levels. FLLE also reduced the LPS-induced increase in the migratory ability of BV2 cells and the phosphorylation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1. Collectively, FLLE effectively inhibited inflammatory response by suppressing the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways and inducing HO-1 in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Our findings provide a scientific basis for further study of FLL as a candidate for preventing or alleviating neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Ju Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea;
| | - Sung Yun Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Korea;
| | - Young Jun Koh
- GI Innovation, Inc., Seoul 05855, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.J.K.); (J.-H.L.); Tel.: +82-31-961-5839 (J.-H.L.)
| | - Ju-Hee Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Korea;
- Correspondence: (Y.J.K.); (J.-H.L.); Tel.: +82-31-961-5839 (J.-H.L.)
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12
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Wang R, Zhou K, Xiong R, Yang Y, Yi R, Hu J, Liao W, Zhao X. Pretreatment with Lactobacillus fermentum XY18 Relieves Gastric Injury Induced by HCl/Ethanol in Mice via Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 14:5721-5734. [PMID: 33408461 PMCID: PMC7779313 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s280429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aim Lactobacillus fermentum XY18 (LF-XY18) is a bacterial strain with satisfactory antioxidant properties in vitro that we previously isolated from Xinjiang yogurt. This article will explore the preventive effect of LF-XY18 on acute gastric injury and provide the basis for the innovative development and application of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Methods Kunming mice underwent gastric injury induced by hydrochloric acid and ethanol. LF-XY18 isolated from yogurt in Xinyuan County in the Yili region of Xinjiang was subsequently administered intragastrically to mice for 2 weeks to explore the mechanism of LF-XY18 in preventing gastric injury via its antioxidant effects. Results There was decreased gastric juice volume, gastric injury area, and formation of gastric mucosal lesions in the LF-XY18 mice as compared to those in the control mice, while LF-XY18 prevented the decrease in the gastric juice pH value in mice. Compared with the gastric injury model group mice, LF-XY18 reduced the serum levels of motilin, substance P, interleukin-6, interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ but increased the serum levels of somatostatin and vasoactive intestinal peptide. The activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, and nitric oxide were increased in the gastric tissue of the LF-XY18 mice compared with the control mice, but malondialdehyde activity was decreased in the LF-XY18 mice. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis illustrated that in the gastric tissue of LF-XY18 mice, the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of occludin, epidermal growth factor (EGF), EGF receptor, vascular EGF, inhibitor kappa-B-α, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, cuprozinc superoxide dismutase, manganese superoxide dismutase, and catalase was stronger than that in the control mice, but the mRNA expression of activated B cells (NF-κB), inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2 was weaker than in the control mice. Conclusion These results indicate that LF-XY18 has a potential role in the prevention of gastric injury through antioxidant effects, and a high concentration (1.0 × 109 CFU/kg b.w.) of LF-XY18 has a stronger anti-gastric injury effect than a low concentration (1.0 × 108 CFU/kg b.w.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Wang
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexiang Zhou
- Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Xiong
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruokun Yi
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Hu
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Public Health, Our Lady of Fatima University, Valenzuela, Philippines
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Cho EJ, Kim HY, Lee AY. Paeoniflorin ameliorates Aβ-stimulated neuroinflammation via regulation of NF-κB signaling pathway and Aβ degradation in C6 glial cells. Nutr Res Pract 2020; 14:593-605. [PMID: 33282122 PMCID: PMC7683209 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2020.14.6.593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Alzheimer's disease is common age-related neurodegenerative condition characterized by amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation that leads cognitive impairment. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of paeoniflorin (PF) against Aβ-induced neuroinflammation and the underlying mechanism in C6 glial cells. MATERIALS/METHODS C6 glial cells were treated with PF and Aβ25–35, and cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) production, and pro-inflammatory cytokine release were measured. Furthermore, the mechanism underlying the effect of PF on inflammatory responses and Aβ degradation was determined by Western blot. RESULTS Aβ25–35 significantly reduced cell viability, but this reduction was prevented by the pretreatment with PF. In addition, PF significantly inhibited Aβ25–35-induced NO production in C6 glial cells. The secretion of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha was also significantly reduced by PF. Further mechanistic studies indicated that PF suppressed the production of these pro-inflammatory cytokines by regulating the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. The protein levels of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 were downregulated and phosphorylation of NF-κB was blocked by PF. However, PF elevated the protein expression of inhibitor kappa B-alpha and those of Aβ degrading enzymes, insulin degrading enzyme and neprilysin. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that PF exerts protective effects against Aβ-mediated neuroinflammation by inhibiting NF-κB signaling, and these effects were associated with the enhanced activity of Aβ degradation enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Ah Young Lee
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea
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An In Vitro Verification of the Effects of Paeoniflorin on Lipopolysaccharide-Exposed Microglia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:5801453. [PMID: 33101445 PMCID: PMC7576368 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5801453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background The neuroprotective effects of Paeoniflorin (PF) are well known. Most of the evidence was verified in vivo. We attempted to perform an in vitro verification of the effects of PF in microglia. Methods A lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) exposed microglia model was employed. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the levels of cytokines in the culture supernatants. A real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to measure the mRNA expression of cytokines and M1- and M2-like genes. A western blot analysis was used to examine the expression of proteins associated with the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Results We found that the administration of PF reversed the inflammatory response induced by LPS. It downregulated proinflammatory cytokines and upregulated anti-inflammatory cytokines. This, in turn, alleviated the oxidative injuries, downregulated the expression of M1-like genes, and upregulated the expression of M2-like genes. PF can also reverse the changes in proteins associated with the NF-κB signaling pathway induced by LPS. Conclusions We provided evidence obtained in vitro concerning the neuroprotective effects of PF via suppressing activation of microglia, which might be associated with the NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings contribute to obtaining a deeper understanding of PF, a potential new treatment for brain injuries.
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Uncovering the protective mechanism of Taohong Siwu decoction against diabetic retinopathy via HIF-1 signaling pathway based on network analysis and experimental validation. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:298. [PMID: 33023593 PMCID: PMC7542117 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03086-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common and serious microvascular complication of diabetes. Taohong Siwu decoction (THSWD), a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, has been proved to have a good clinical effect on DR, whereas its molecular mechanism remains unclear. Our study aimed to uncover the core targets and signaling pathways of THSWD against DR. Methods First, the active ingredients of THSWD were searched from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) Database. Second, the targets of active ingredients were identified from ChemMapper and PharmMapper databases. Third, DR associated targets were searched from DisGeNET, DrugBank and Therapeutic Target Database (TTD). Subsequently, the common targets of active ingredients and DR were found and analyzed in STRING database. DAVID database and ClueGo plug-in software were used to carry out the gene ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment analysis. The core signaling pathway network of “herb-ingredient-target” was constructed by the Cytoscape software. Finally, the key genes of THSWD against DR were validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Results A total of 2340 targets of 61 active ingredients in THSWD were obtained. Simultaneously, a total of 263 DR-associated targets were also obtained. Then, 67 common targets were found by overlapping them, and 23 core targets were identified from protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Response to hypoxia was found as the top GO term of biological process, and HIF-1 signaling pathway was found as the top KEGG pathway. Among the key genes in HIF-1 pathway, the mRNA expression levels of VEGFA, SERPINE1 and NOS2 were significantly down-regulated by THSWD (P < 0.05), and NOS3 and HMOX1 were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05). Conclusion THSWD had a protective effect on DR via regulating HIF-1 signaling pathway and other important pathways. This study might provide a theoretical basis for the application of THSWD and the development of new drugs for the treatment of DR.
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Targeting type II diabetes with plant terpenes: the new and promising antidiabetic therapeutics. Biologia (Bratisl) 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00575-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Jiang H, Li J, Wang L, Wang S, Nie X, Chen Y, Fu Q, Jiang M, Fu C, He Y. Total glucosides of paeony: A review of its phytochemistry, role in autoimmune diseases, and mechanisms of action. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 258:112913. [PMID: 32371143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Paeoniae Radix Alba (PRA, called baishao in China), the root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall., has shown a rich medicinal value for more than 2000 years. PRA is used in local medicine and traditional medicine for autoimmune diseases associated with inflammation. At present, total glucosides of paeony (TGP), the main active ingredient of PRA, has been developed into a preparation for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, as TGP exhibits the effect of regulating immunity, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects. AIM OF THE REVIEW TGP was developed and applied to inflammation-related autoimmune diseases in modern clinical practice. Based on its application in traditional prescriptions, this article reviews PRA's botany and phytochemistry (including its extraction process and quality control), and discusses the clinical application and pharmacological research of TGP as an anti-inflammatory drug from the perspective of ethnopharmacology. Additionally, we review modern pharmacological and molecular-target research on TGP and discuss the mechanisms of TGP in treating autoimmune diseases. Through a systematic literature review, we also highlight the clinical efficacy of TGP in the treatment of immune diseases, and provide a reference for the continued scientific development and quality control of TGP so that its wider application and clinical value can be fully realized. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature search was conducted through the Web of Science, Baidu Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, CNKI, and WanFang DATA using the keywords "Total glucosides of paeony", "Paeonia lactiflora Pall. ", "Paeonia veitchii Lynch", "Paeoniae Radix Alba or white peony", "Paeoniae Radix Rubra or red peony", "Paeoniflorin", "Albiflorin", "Autoimmune diseases", and their combinations. In addition, information was collected from relevant textbooks, reviews, and documents. RESULTS Approximately 15 compounds have been identified in TGP, of which paeoniflorin and albiflorin are the most common constituents. In recent years, studies have found that TGP and its main chemical components are effective in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, oral lichen planus, and Sjogren's syndrome. TGP has a variety of pharmacological effects related to PRA traditional effects, including anti-organ-damage, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, cardiovascular, and nervous-system protection. Previously published reports on TGP treatment of autoimmune diseases have shown that TGP regulates intracellular pathways, such as the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathways. However, there is no standardized preparation method for TGP, and there is insufficient quality control of formulations. Many related pharmacological studies have not tested TGP components, and the validity of such pharmacological results requires further verification. CONCLUSIONS Modern pharmacological research on TGP is based on the traditional usage of PRA, and its folk medicinal value in the treatment of autoimmune diseases has now been verified. In particular, TGP has been developed into a formulation used clinically for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. The combination of TGP capsules and chemicals to treat autoimmune diseases has the effect of increasing efficacy and reducing toxicity. Based on further research on its preparation, quality control, and mechanisms of action, TGP is expected to eventually play a greater role in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajuan Jiang
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Shengju Wang
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Xin Nie
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yi Chen
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Qiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture Rural Affairs, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
| | - Maoyuan Jiang
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Chaomei Fu
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yao He
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Huang J, Wang X, Xie L, Wu M, Zhao W, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Yao L, Li W. Extract of Danggui-Shaoyao-San ameliorates cognition deficits by regulating DHA metabolism in APP/PS1 mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 253:112673. [PMID: 32084555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The traditional Chinese medicine formula Danggui-Shaoyao-San (DSS) has been reported to show therapeutic effect on alleviating the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aims to investigate the relation between DSS treatment of AD and DHA metabolism and evaluates its neuroprotective effect on cognitive in APP/PS1 mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS DSS (1.6, 3.2, 6.4 g/kg/day) or Aricept (3 mg/kg/day) was orally administered (i.g.) to APP/PS1 mice, and saline was orally administered to Wild-type (WT) male mice as control group. Then, the Morris water maze (MWM) test, Y-maze spontaneous alternation test, open filed test and fear conditioning test were conducted for evaluation of learning and memory abilities. The DHA content was assessed by HPLC-MS/MS. Physiological indices were determined, including triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), ROS level, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), PEG2, TXB2 and LTB4. The expressions of COX-1, COX-2, cPLA2, iPLA2, 15-LOX, and were assessed by Western blot. RESULTS APP/PS1 mice showed serious cognitive impairment in behavioral tests. However, treatment of DSS extract significantly ameliorated the cognitive deficits of APP/PS1 mice. Biochemical measurements showed the increases in TG, TC, LDL-c and the decrease in HDL-c in APP/PS1 mice compared with WT mice, and DSS extract significantly retarded these changes. Low content of DHA, low expression of iPLA2 and 15-LOX were observed both in hippocampus and cortex of APP/PS1 mice, while DSS extract significantly restored these changes. Additionally, the abnormal activity of SOD and ROS level, the decreased levels of MDA and GSH were observed in APP/PS1 mice, while DSS extract prominently lessened these changes. Moreover, DSS extract decreased the level of PEG2, TXB2 and LTB4 and also attenuated the expression of cPLA2, COX-1 and COX-2 in hippocampus as well as cortex of APP/PS1 mice. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, we suggest that DSS play a positive effective role in increasing DHA content by up-regulating iPLA2 and 15-LOX, resulting in ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammation and finally ameliorating cognition deficits in APP/PS1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Huang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Liyuan Xie
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Mingan Wu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Wei Zhao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Yongbin Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Limei Yao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Healthcare, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, 321 Longdong North Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Weirong Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
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Sun P, Zhou W, Yue H, Zhang C, Ou Y, Yang Z, Hu W. Compound AD110 Acts as Therapeutic Management for Alzheimer's Disease and Stroke in Mouse and Rat Models. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:929-938. [PMID: 32105445 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory therapy may be an effective therapeutic intervention for neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and stroke. As an important anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10) inhibits proinflammatory responses of both innate and adaptive immune cells. We tested the hypothesis that drug-induced promotion of IL-10 expression is effective in improving cognitive abilities and neurologic outcomes of AD and stroke. An orally small molecule AD110 was synthesized and subjected to in vitro and in vivo analyses. We found that AD110 enhanced IL-10 release in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated BV2 microglial cells. Y-Maze and Morris water maze tests showed improved cognitive abilities in AD mice treated with AD110. Moreover, AD110 attenuated cerebral ischemic injury in a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) rat model. This study not only provides a promising lead compound with IL-10-promoting activity, but also supports the hypothesis that promoting IL-10 expression is a potential therapeutic strategy for AD and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Hu Yue
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Yitao Ou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Zhongjin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
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20
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Ma L, Yang C, Zheng J, Chen Y, Xiao Y, Huang K. Non-polyphenolic natural inhibitors of amyloid aggregation. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 192:112197. [PMID: 32172082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein misfolding diseases (PMDs) are chronic and progressive, with no effective therapy so far. Aggregation and misfolding of amyloidogenic proteins are closely associated with the onset and progression of PMDs, such as amyloid-β (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease, α-Synuclein (α-Syn) in Parkinson's disease and human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) in type 2 diabetes. Inhibiting toxic aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins is regarded as a promising therapeutic approach in PMDs. The past decade has witnessed the rapid progresses of this field, dozens of inhibitors have been screened and verified in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating inhibitory effects against the aggregation and misfolding of amyloidogenic proteins, together with beneficial effects. Natural products are major sources of small molecule amyloid inhibitors, a number of natural derived compounds have been identified with great bioactivities and translational prospects. Here, we review the non-polyphenolic natural inhibitors that potentially applicable for PMDs treatment, along with their working mechanisms. Future directions are proposed for the development and clinical applications of these inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zheng
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Yuchen Chen
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Yushuo Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430035, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
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21
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Sikorska K, Grądzka I, Sochanowicz B, Presz A, Męczyńska-Wielgosz S, Brzóska K, Kruszewski MK. Diminished amyloid-β uptake by mouse microglia upon treatment with quantum dots, silver or cerium oxide nanoparticles: Nanoparticles and amyloid-β uptake by microglia. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 39:147-158. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327119880586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease leading to progressive dementia in elderly people. The disease is characterized, among others, by formation of amyloid- β (A β) polypeptide plaques in the brain. Although etiology of the disease is not fully understood, recent research suggest that nanomaterials may affect AD development. Here, we described the consequences of exposure of mouse BV-2 microglia to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs, 50 µg/mL), cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs, 100 µg/mL), and cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTeQDs, 3 or 10 µg/mL) in the context of its ability to clear A β plaques. The brain microglial cells play an important role in removing A β plaques from the brain. Cell viability and cycle progression were assessed by trypan blue test and propidium iodide binding, respectively. The uptake of A β and NPs was measured by flow cytometry. Secretion of proinflammatory cytokines was measured with the use of cytometric bead array. A β (0.1 μM) did not affect viability, whereas NPs decreased microglia growth by arresting the cells in G1 phase (CdTeQDs) or in S phase (AgNPs and CeO2NPs) of cell cycle. The uptake of A β was significantly reduced in the presence of AgNPs and CeO2NPs. In addition, the least toxic CeO2NPs induced the release of proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor α. In summary, each of the NPs tested affected either the microglia phagocytic activity (AgNPs and CeO2NPs) and/or its viability (AgNPs and CdTeQDs) that may favor the occurrence of AD and accelerate its development.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sikorska
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - I Grądzka
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - B Sochanowicz
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Presz
- Laboratory of Nanostructures, Institute of High Pressure Physics, Warsaw, Poland
| | - S Męczyńska-Wielgosz
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Brzóska
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - MK Kruszewski
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
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22
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Baltina L, Sapozhnikova T, Makara N, Gabdrakhmanova S, Baltina L, Kondratenko R. Paeoniflorin benzoates: synthesis and influence on learning and memory of aged rats in the passive avoidance task. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:2668-2676. [PMID: 31502476 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1662005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Paeoniflorin per-O-benzoates with the preserved pinane structure 2 and rearranged aglycone 3, containing C4 = O function, were obtained and their influence on learning and memory of aged rats was studied in the passive avoidance task. It was found that the chemical modification of paeoniflorin affected the cognitive functions of aged rats. The introduction of C4 = O function into the pinane part of benzoate 3 led to the improvement in learning process and preservation of the memory trace in aged rats as compared to the natural glycoside. This compound can be considered as the promising for further studies on in vivo models of disorders characteristic for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Baltina
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana Sapozhnikova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Nina Makara
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana Gabdrakhmanova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Lia Baltina
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Rimma Kondratenko
- Ministry of Health, Bashkir State Medicinal University, Ufa, Russian Federation
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Jin X, Liu MY, Zhang DF, Zhong X, Du K, Qian P, Gao H, Wei MJ. Natural products as a potential modulator of microglial polarization in neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacol Res 2019; 145:104253. [PMID: 31059788 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by the progressive loss of structure and function of neurons most common in elderly population, mainly including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Neuroinflammation caused by microglia as the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) plays a contributory role in the onset and progression of NDs. Activated microglia, as in macrophages, to be heterogeneous, can polarize into M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory) functional phenotypes. The former elaborate pro-inflammatory mediators promoting neuroinflammation and neuronal damage. In contrast, the latter generate anti-inflammatory mediators and neurotrophins that inhibit neuroinflammation and promote neuronal healing. Consistently, the regulation of microglial polarization from M1 to M2 phenotype appears as an outstanding therapeutic and preventive approach for NDs treatment. Although non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) currently used to alleviate M1 microglia-associated neuroinflammation responsible for the development of NDs, these drugs have different degrees of adverse effects and limited efficacy. As the advantages of novel structure, multi-target, high efficiency and low toxicity, natural products as the modulators of microglial polarization have attracted considerable concerns in the therapeutic areas of NDs. In this review, we mainly summarized the therapeutic potential of natural products and their various molecular mechanisms for NDs treatment through modulating microglial polarization. The aim of the current review is expected to be useful to develop innovative modulators of microglial polarization from natural products for the amelioration and treatment of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming-Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dong-Fang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ke Du
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ping Qian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hua Gao
- Division of Pharmacology Laboratory, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Min-Jie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Shenyang, China.
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24
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Yellowhair TR, Newville JC, Noor S, Maxwell JR, Milligan ED, Robinson S, Jantzie LL. CXCR2 Blockade Mitigates Neural Cell Injury Following Preclinical Chorioamnionitis. Front Physiol 2019; 10:324. [PMID: 31001130 PMCID: PMC6454349 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Minimizing central nervous system (CNS) injury from preterm birth depends upon identification of the critical pathways that underlie essential neurodevelopmental and CNS pathophysiology. While chorioamnionitis (CHORIO), is a leading cause of preterm birth, the precise mechanism linking prenatal brain injury and long-term CNS injury is unknown. The chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) and its cognate receptor, CXCR2, are implicated in a variety of uterine and neuropathologies, however, their role in CNS injury associated with preterm birth is poorly defined. To evaluate the putative efficacy of CXCR2 blockade in neural repair secondary to CHORIO, we tested the hypothesis that transient postnatal CXCR2 antagonism would reduce neutrophil activation and mitigate cerebral microstructural injury in rats. To this end, a laparotomy was performed on embryonic day 18 (E18) in Sprague Dawley rats, with uterine arteries transiently occluded for 60 min, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 4 μg/sac) injected into each amniotic sac. SB225002, a CXCR2 antagonist (3 mg/kg), was administered intraperitoneally from postnatal day 1 (P1)-P5. Brains were collected on P7 and P21 and analyzed with western blot, immunohistochemistry and ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Results demonstrate that transient CXCR2 blockade reduced cerebral neutrophil activation (myeloperoxidase expression/MPO) and mitigated connexin43 expression, indicative of reduced neuroinflammation at P7 (p < 0.05 for all). CXCR2 blockade also reduced alpha II-spectrin calpain-mediated cleavage, improved pNF/NF ratio, and minimized Iba1 and GFAP expression consistent with improved neuronal and axonal health and reduced gliosis at P21. Importantly, DTI revealed diffuse white matter injury and decreased microstructural integrity following CHORIO as indicated by lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and elevated radial diffusivity (RD) in major white matter tracts (p < 0.05). Early postnatal CXCR2 blockade also reduced microstructural abnormalities in white matter and hippocampus at P21 (p < 0.05). Together, these data indicate that transient postnatal blockade of CXCR2 ameliorates perinatal abnormalities in inflammatory signaling, and facilitates neural repair following CHORIO. Further characterization of neuroinflammatory signaling, specifically via CXCL1/CXCR2 through the placental-fetal-brain axis, may clarify stratification of brain injury following preterm birth, and improve use of targeted interventions in this highly vulnerable patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracylyn R. Yellowhair
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Jessie C. Newville
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Shahani Noor
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Jessie R. Maxwell
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Erin D. Milligan
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Shenandoah Robinson
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lauren L. Jantzie
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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Jeon SG, Song EJ, Lee D, Park J, Nam Y, Kim JI, Moon M. Traditional Oriental Medicines and Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2019; 10:307-328. [PMID: 31435482 PMCID: PMC6667206 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is the most major cause of dementia, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects cognitive functions. Even though the prevalence of AD is continuously increasing, few drugs including cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl D-aspartate-receptor antagonists were approved to treat AD. Because the clinical trials of AD drugs with single targets, such as β-amyloid and tau, have failed, the development of multi-target drugs that ameliorate many of the symptoms of AD is needed. Thus, recent studies have investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of herbal formulae consisting of various herb combinations used to treat AD. This review discusses the results of clinical and nonclinical studies of the therapeutic efficacy in AD and underlying mechanisms of the herbal formulae of traditional Oriental medicines and bioactive compounds of medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Gak Jeon
- 1Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Song
- 1Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongje Lee
- 1Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyong Park
- 1Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunkwon Nam
- 2Center for Organic Devices and Advanced Materials, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Il Kim
- 3Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Moon
- 1Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
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26
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Protective Effects of 1-Methylnicotinamide on Aβ1–42-Induced Cognitive Deficits, Neuroinflammation and Apoptosis in Mice. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2019; 14:401-412. [DOI: 10.1007/s11481-018-09830-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Neuroprotection by Paeoniflorin against Nuclear Factor Kappa B-Induced Neuroinflammation on Spinal Cord Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9865403. [PMID: 30627586 PMCID: PMC6304651 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9865403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Acute spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most common and devastating causes of sensory or motor dysfunction. Nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)-mediated neuroinflammatory responses, in addition to nitric oxide (NO), are key regulatory pathways in SCI. Paeoniflorin (PF), a major active component extracted from Paeonia roots, has been suggested to exert neuroprotective effects in the central nervous system. However, whether PF could improve the motor function after SCI in vivo is still unclear. Method Immunohistochemical analysis, western blot, real-time quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence staining, and histopathological and behavioral evaluation were used to explore the effects of paeoniflorin after SCI for 14 days. Results In this study, PF treatment significantly inhibited NF-κB activation and downregulated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2), and Nogo-A. Comparing behavioral and histological changes in SCI and PF treatment groups, we found that PF treatment improved motor function recovery, attenuated the histopathological damage, and increased neuronal survival in the SCI model. PF treatment also reduced expression levels of Bax and c-caspase-3 and increased the expression level of Bcl-2 and cell viabilities. Upregulation of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β after injury was also prevented by PF. Conclusion These results suggest that the neuroprotective effects of PF are related to the inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. And PF may be a therapeutic strategy in spinal cord injury.
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Hu PF, Sun FF, Jiang LF, Bao JP, Wu LD. Paeoniflorin inhibits IL-1β-induced MMP secretion via the NF-κB pathway in chondrocytes. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:1513-1519. [PMID: 30116400 PMCID: PMC6090372 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Paeoniflorin serves important cellular roles, exerting anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-pulmonary fibrosis effects and possesses immune-modulatory properties. However, the exact role of paeoniflorin in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of paeoniflorin on articular surfaces in vitro. Rat chondrocytes were cultured in vitro and an MTT assay was performed to assess chondrocyte survival. Following treatment with interleukin (IL)-1β and paeoniflorin, the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) was examined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The interleukin (IL)-1β-induced nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway activation was also investigated. The results demonstrated that paeoniflorin was able to downregulate the expression of MMP and increase the expression of TIMP-1ntmRNA and protein in IL-1β-induced rat chondrocytes. Furthermore, treating chondrocytes with paeoniflorin blocked the activation of NF-κB. These results suggest that paeoniflorin may serve am anti-catabolic role in the progression of OA and may be an effective preventative treatment for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Fang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Li-Feng Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Peng Bao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Li-Dong Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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Yang B, Han W, Han H, Liu Y, Guan W, Kuang H. Lignans from Schisandra chinensis rattan stems suppresses primary Aβ 1-42-induced microglia activation via NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway. Nat Prod Res 2018; 33:2726-2729. [PMID: 29683353 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1466128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Microglia cells play important roles in neurodegenerative diseases for clearing amyloid-β and reducing the occurrence of inflammation. In this study, the neuroinflammatory effect and the mechanism of lignans from Schisandra chinensis rattan stems (rsSCH-L) were evaluated by Aβ1-42-induced primary microglia cell model. The results have shown that rsSCH-L could reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, TNF-α and NO. Moreover, rsSCH-L suppressed the phosphorylations of NF-κB and IκBα as well as p38, JNK and ERK proteins in Aβ1-42-induced microglia cells. Taken together, rsSCH-L could attenuate microglia cells from neuroinflammation by activating the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyou Yang
- a Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica , Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education , Harbin , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Han
- a Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica , Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education , Harbin , People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Han
- a Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica , Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education , Harbin , People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- a Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica , Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education , Harbin , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Guan
- a Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica , Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education , Harbin , People's Republic of China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- a Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica , Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education , Harbin , People's Republic of China
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30
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Ma XH, Duan WJ, Mo YS, Chen JL, Li S, Zhao W, Yang L, Mi SQ, Mao XL, Wang H, Wang Q. Neuroprotective effect of paeoniflorin on okadaic acid-induced tau hyperphosphorylation via calpain/Akt/GSK-3β pathway in SH-SY5Y cells. Brain Res 2018; 1690:1-11. [PMID: 29596798 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal phosphorylation of tau, one of the most common symptoms of dementia, has become increasingly important in the study of the etiology and development of Alzheimer's disease. Paeoniflorin, the main bioactive component of herbaceous peony, is a monoterpene glycoside, which has been reported to exert beneficial effects on neurodegenerative disease. However, the effect of paeoniflorin on tauopathies remains ambiguous. SH-SY5Y cells were treated with okadaic acid (OA) for 8 h to induce tau phosphorylation and no cell death was observed. Optical microscopy results showed that paeoniflorin ameliorated okadaic acid induced morphological changes, including cell swelling and synapsis shortening. Western blotting data illustrated that paeoniflorin reversed okadaic acid induced tau hyperphosphorylation, which was enhanced by inhibiting the activities of calpain, Akt and GSK-3β. Transmission electron microscopy results showed that paeoniflorin alone can reduce the number of autophagosomes and stabilize the microtubule structure. In addition, calpastain and paeoniflorin enhance the effect of paeoniflorin on stabilizing microtubules. In addition, calpastain markedly enhanced the effect of paeoniflorin on reversing okadaic acid-lowered fluorescence intensity of both MAP-2 and β III-tubulin, two microtubule-associated proteins. This study shows that paeoniflorin protected SH-SY5Y cells against okadaic acid assault by interfering with the calpain/Akt/GSK-3β-related pathways, in which autophagy might be involved. Besides, paeoniflorin is found to relieve the stress response of the microtubule structure system caused by okadaic acid treatment. The results presented in this study suggest that paeoniflorin potentially plays an important role in tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Ma
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Wen-Jun Duan
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - You-Sheng Mo
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Jun-Li Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Shi Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Sui-Qing Mi
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Xin-Liang Mao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.
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31
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Chen G, Yang Y, Hu C, Cheng X, Xu Y, Cai X, Wang M, Yang CS, Cao P. Protective effects of Huangqin Decoction against ulcerative colitis and associated cancer in mice. Oncotarget 2018; 7:61643-61655. [PMID: 27557503 PMCID: PMC5308679 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with ulcerative colitis (UC) are at a high risk for developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Huangqin Decoction (HQD), a traditional Chinese medicinal formula chronicled in the Shang Han Lun, is commonly used to treat gastrointestinal symptoms. However, experimental evidence for supporting the clinical practice is lacking. This study used modern biomedical approaches to investigate the protective/preventive effects of HQD in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute/chronic UC and azoxymethane (AOM)/DSS-induced CRC in mice. HQDs were prepared in 4 different ways: HQD-1 and HQD-2 were prepared in boiling water, whereas HQD-3 and HQD-4 were prepared in heated ethanol (70%). For HQD-1 and HQD-3, the 4 constituent herbs were processed together, whereas for HQD-2 and HQD4, these herbs were processed individually and then combined. The mice were administered 9.1 g/kg HQD via oral gavage daily. HQD-1 significantly inhibited DSS-induced acute UC, whereas HQD-3 and HQD-4 exhibited mild ameliorative effects; but HQD-2 had no protective effect and resulted in a higher mortality rate. This higher mortality rate may be due to the greater abundance of baicalein and wogonin in HQD-2 than HQD-1. Furthermore, HQD-1 protected against DSS-induced chronic UC and significantly inhibited AOM/DSS-induced CRC in mice. HQD-1 also inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines and increased antioxidant capacity both in chronic DSS and AOM/DSS treated mice. Overall, HQD-1 inhibits the development of acute/chronic colitis and prevents colitis-associated CRC, possibly by inhibiting inflammation and preventing oxidative stress induced cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunping Hu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolan Cheng
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuehua Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueting Cai
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chung S Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Peng Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
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32
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Li SS, Wu Q, Yin DD, Feng CY, Liu ZA, Wang LS. Phytochemical variation among the traditional Chinese medicine Mu Dan Pi from Paeonia suffruticosa (tree peony). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 146:16-24. [PMID: 29207319 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Mu Dan Pi is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat inflammation, cancer, allergies, diabetes, angiocardiopathy, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, the metabolome variation within Mu Dan Pi collected from 372 tree peony cultivars was systematically investigated. In total, 42 metabolites were identified, comprising of 14 monoterpene glucosides, 11 tannins, 8 paeonols, 6 flavonoids, and 3 phenols. All cultivars revealed similar metabolite profiles, however, they were further classified into seven groups on the basis of their varying metabolite contents by hierarchical cluster analysis. Traditional cultivars for Mu Dan Pi were found to have very low metabolite contents, falling into clusters I and II. Cultivars with the highest amounts of metabolites were grouped in clusters VI and VII. Five potential cultivars, namely, 'Bai Yuan Qi Guan', 'Cao Zhou Hong', 'Da Zong Zi', 'Sheng Dan Lu', and 'Cheng Xin', with high contents of monoterpene glycosides, tannins, and paeonols, were further screened. Interestingly, the majority of investigated cultivars had relatively higher metabolite contents compared to the traditional medicinal tree peony cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dan-Dan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cheng-Yong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zheng-An Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Liang-Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Huang XF, Li JJ, Tao YG, Wang XQ, Zhang RL, Zhang JL, Su ZQ, Huang QH, Deng YH. Geniposide attenuates Aβ25–35-induced neurotoxicity via the TLR4/NF-κB pathway in HT22 cells. RSC Adv 2018; 8:18926-18937. [PMID: 35539637 PMCID: PMC9080630 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01038b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is marked by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and neuroinflammation which promote the development of AD. Geniposide, the main ingredient isolated from Chinese herbal medicine Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, has a variety of pharmacological functions such as anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammatory activity. Hence, we estimated the inflammatory cytotoxicity caused by Aβ25–35 and the neuroprotective effects of geniposide in HT22 cells. In this research, following incubation with Aβ25–35 (40 μM, 24 h) in HT22 cells, the methylthiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays showed that the cell survival rate was significantly decreased. In contrast, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay indicated that Aβ25–35 enhanced ROS accumulation and apoptosis showed in both hoechst 33342 staining and annexin V-FITC/PI double staining. And then, immunofluorescence test revealed that Aβ25–35 promoted p65 to transfer into the nucleus indicating p65 was activated by Aβ25–35. Moreover, western blot analysis proved that Aβ25–35 increased the expression of nitric oxide species (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Simultaneously, Aβ25–35 also promoted the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), p-p65 and p-IκB-α accompanied with the increase in the level of beta-secretase 1 (BACE1) and caspase-3 which further supported Aβ25–35 induced apoptosis and inflammation. Fortunately, this up-regulation was reversed by geniposide. In conclusion, our data suggest that geniposide can alleviate Aβ25–35-induced inflammatory response to protect neurons, which is possibly involved with the inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway in HT22 cells. Geniposide may be the latent treatment for AD induced by neuroinflammation and apoptosis. Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is marked by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and neuroinflammation which promote the development of AD.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Fang Huang
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Yan-Gu Tao
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Xie-Qi Wang
- Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University
- Dermatology Hospital of Guangdong Province
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Ru-Lan Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Jia-Lin Zhang
- Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University
- Dermatology Hospital of Guangdong Province
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Zu-Qing Su
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Qi-Hui Huang
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Yuan-Hui Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou
- China
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34
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Zhao L, Chang Q, Huang T, Huang C. Paeoniflorin inhibits IL‑1β‑induced expression of inflammatory mediators in human osteoarthritic chondrocyte. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:3306-3311. [PMID: 29257281 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-1β serves an important role in the promotion of the growth of osteoarthritis (OA) lesions. Paeoniflorin (PF) has been identified to exert anti‑inflammatory and anti‑arthritic effects. However, it is uncertain whether PF may affect the expression levels of inflammatory mediators in OA chondrocytes. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the effects of PF on the expression levels of inflammatory mediators in IL‑1β‑stimulated human OA chondrocytes. The results of the present study determined that PF inhibited the production of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 induced by IL‑1β, and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase‑2 in chondrocytes. Additionally, PF significantly inhibited the IL‑1β‑stimulated production of metalloproteinase‑3 (MMP‑3) and MMP‑13 in chondrocytes. PF inhibited the expression of nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB), p65 and NF‑κB inhibitor α degradation was induced by IL‑1β in chondrocytes. The results of the present study suggest that PF may inhibit IL‑1β‑induced expression of inflammatory mediators in human OA chondrocytes by suppressing the activation of the NF‑κB signaling pathway. Therefore, PF may be a potential agent in the future treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Qi Chang
- Institute of Military Training Related Medical Sciences, The 150 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Tao Huang
- Institute of Military Training Related Medical Sciences, The 150 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Changlin Huang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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35
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Pisano S, Catone G, Coppola G, Carotenuto M, Iuliano R, Tiano C, Montesanto AR, D'Esposito V, Miraglia Del Giudice E, Formisano P, Bravaccio C. Different Immune Signature in Youths Experiencing Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain Compared to Untreated Obese Patients. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2017; 27:844-848. [PMID: 28453334 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2016.0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess cytokine and chemokine levels in youth experiencing antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG) compared to obese patients, hypothesizing a different "immune signature" between the two kinds of obesity. METHODS We compared a group of youth experiencing AIWG (N 19, mean age 159 months, mean body mass index [BMI] z-score 1.81) and an age-, gender-, and BMI-matched group of untreated obese patients (N 19, mean age 147 months, mean BMI z-score 2) for a wide range of cytokines and chemokines by using a multiplex ELISA test. RESULTS Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), interleukin (IL)1-β, IL4, IL8, IL9, IL12, IL 17, eotaxin, FGF, GMCSF, IP10, MIP1b, and vascular-endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were significantly lower in the AIWG group, whereas IL13 and RANTES were significantly higher. Controlling for age, sex, and BMI, PDGF, IL4, IL8, IL13, IL17, eotaxin, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF), IP10, MIP1b, and VEGF remain significantly different. CONCLUSION A clearly different pattern of cytokines distinguishes the two kinds of obesity, suggesting a different immune signature. Interestingly, most of the cytokines and chemokines bearing proinflammatory effects resulted decreased in the AIWG group, whereas IL-13, which holds an immune-modulatory effect, resulted increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pisano
- 1 Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Campania University "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy .,2 Department of Medicine and Surgery, Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, S. Giovanni di Dio and Ruggi d'Aragona Hospital, University of Salerno , Fisciano, Italy
| | - Gennaro Catone
- 1 Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Campania University "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Giangennaro Coppola
- 2 Department of Medicine and Surgery, Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, S. Giovanni di Dio and Ruggi d'Aragona Hospital, University of Salerno , Fisciano, Italy
| | - Marco Carotenuto
- 1 Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Campania University "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Tiano
- 1 Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Campania University "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Montesanto
- 1 Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Campania University "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Vittoria D'Esposito
- 4 Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples & URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology , National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuele Miraglia Del Giudice
- 5 Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, Campania University "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- 4 Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples & URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology , National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Bravaccio
- 6 Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples , Naples, Italy
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36
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Esculentoside A exerts anti-inflammatory activity in microglial cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 51:148-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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37
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38
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Zhu SH, Liu BQ, Hao MJ, Fan YX, Qian C, Teng P, Zhou XW, Hu L, Liu WT, Yuan ZL, Li QP. Paeoniflorin Suppressed High Glucose-Induced Retinal Microglia MMP-9 Expression and Inflammatory Response via Inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB Pathway Through Upregulation of SOCS3 in Diabetic Retinopathy. Inflammation 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0571-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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39
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Wei Y, La L, Wang L, Batey R, Wang C, Li Y. Paeoniflorin and liquiritin, two major constituents in Chinese herbal formulas used to treat hyperprolactinemia-associated disorders, inhibits prolactin secretion in prolactinoma cells by different mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 204:36-44. [PMID: 28396166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Paeoniflorin and liquiritin are major constituents in some Chinese herbal formulas, such as Yiru Tiaojing (YRTJ) Granule (a hospitalized preparation) and Peony-Glycyrrhiza Decoction, used for hyperprolactinemia-associated disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effect of paeoniflorin and liquiritin on prolactin secretion. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of YRTJ Granule on metoclopramide-induced hyperprolactinemia was tested in rats. Paeoniflorin and liquiritin in the YRTJ Granule extract were identified and quantified by HPLC. The effects of paeoniflorin and liquiritin on prolactin secretion were examined in prolactinoma cells that were identified morphologically and by Western blot. The concentration of prolactin was determined by ELISA. The gene expression was analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS YRTJ Granule ameliorated metoclopramide-induced hyperprolactinemia in rats. The contents of paeoniflorin and liquiritin in YRTJ Granule were 7.43 and 2.05mg/g extract, respectively. Paeoniflorin, liquiritin and bromocriptine (a dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) agonist) decreased prolactin concentration in MMQ cells expressing D2R. However, the effect of liquiritin and bromocriptine was abolished in GH3 cells lacking D2R expression. Interestingly, paeoniflorin still decreased prolactin concentration in GH3 cells in the same manner. Furthermore, paeoniflorin suppressed prolactin protein expression, and was without effect on D2R protein expression in both MMQ and GH3 cells. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that paeoniflorin and liquiritin play a role in YRTJ Granule-elicited improvement of hyperprolactinemia. While the effect of liquiritin is D2R-dependent, paeoniflorin D2R-independently inhibits prolactin secretion in prolactinoma cells that may especially benefit the hyperprolactinemic patients who are refractory to dopaminergic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyi Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Lei La
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Robert Batey
- Central Clinical School, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, The University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Yuhao Li
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Group, Sydney Institute of Health Sciences/Sydney Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NSW 2000, Australia.
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40
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Liu YC, Gao XX, Chen L, You XQ. Rapamycin suppresses Aβ 25-35- or LPS-induced neuronal inflammation via modulation of NF-κB signaling. Neuroscience 2017; 355:188-199. [PMID: 28504198 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Rapamycin (RAPA), an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), exhibits a high neuroprotective action against neurodegenerative diseases in mouse models. Since neuroinflammation has been shown to be involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) development and progression, the aim of this study was to examine the anti-inflammatory role of RAPA in AD in vivo and in vitro, and investigate the underlying mechanisms. We found that amyloid-β (Aβ) induced neuronal inflammation and a remarkable increase in mTOR activity in in-vivo and in-vitro models of inflammation, suggesting the critical role of mTOR signaling in neuronal inflammation. In addition, administration of RAPA was found to down-regulate mTOR, p-mTOR, Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, p-p65, TNF-α, IL-1β and Bax protein expression in Aβ25-35- or lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-treated mice and cultured Neuro-2a (N2a) cells. Moreover, RAPA disrupted Aβ25-35-induced nuclear translocation of mTOR and NF-κB. Our findings indicate that RAPA inhibits Aβ25-35- or LPS-induced neuronal inflammation through suppressing mTOR signaling and reducing nuclear import of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chun Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province 350108, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Gao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province 350108, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province 350108, China
| | - Xiao-Qing You
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province 350108, China.
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41
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Hong C, Schüffler A, Kauhl U, Cao J, Wu CF, Opatz T, Thines E, Efferth T. Identification of NF-κB as Determinant of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Its Inhibition by the Chinese Herbal Remedy Free and Easy Wanderer. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:181. [PMID: 28428751 PMCID: PMC5382210 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder developing after exposure to traumatic events. Although psychotherapy reveals some therapeutic effectiveness, clinically sustainable cure is still uncertain. Some Chinese herbal formulae are reported to work well clinically against mental diseases in Asian countries, but the safety and their mode of action are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of Chinese remedy free and easy wanderer (FAEW) on PTSD. We used a reverse pharmacology approach combining clinical data to search for mechanisms of PTSD with subsequent in vitro verification and bioinformatics techniques as follows: (1) by analyzing microarray-based transcriptome-wide mRNA expression profiling of PTSD patients; (2) by investigating the effect of FAEW and the antidepressant control drug fluoxetine on the transcription factor NF-κB using reporter cell assays and western blotting; (3) by performing molecular docking and literature data mining based on phytochemical constituents of FAEW. The results suggest an involvement of inflammatory processes mediated through NF-κB in the progression of PTSD. FAEW was non-cytotoxic in vitro and inhibited NF-κB activity and p65 protein expression. FAEW's anti-inflammatory compounds, i.e., paeoniflorin, isoliquiritin, isoliquiritin apioside and ononin were evaluated for binding to IκK and p65-RelA in a molecular docking approach. Paeoniflorin, albiflorin, baicalin, isoliquiritin and liquiritin have been reported to relieve depression in vivo or in clinical trials, which might be the active ingredients for FAEW against PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlan Hong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainz, Germany
| | - Anja Schüffler
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff Forschung gGmbHKaiserslautern, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kauhl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainz, Germany
| | - Jingming Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainz, Germany
| | - Ching-Fen Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainz, Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainz, Germany
| | - Eckhard Thines
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff Forschung gGmbHKaiserslautern, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainz, Germany
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Zhou J, Wang J, Li W, Wang C, Wu L, Zhang J. Paeoniflorin attenuates the neuroinflammatory response in a rat model of chronic constriction injury. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3179-3185. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Li B, Yang ZB, Lei SS, Su J, Pang MX, Yin C, Chen GY, Shan CW, Chen B, Hu HM, Chen SH, Lv GY. Beneficial Effects of Paeoniflorin Enriched Extract on Blood Pressure Variability and Target Organ Damage in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:5816960. [PMID: 28243310 PMCID: PMC5294363 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5816960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Blood pressure variability (BPV) is associated with the development and progression of severe target organ damage (TOD). This study aims to evaluate the protective effect of paeoniflorin enriched extract from Radix Paeoniae Alba (PG) on BPV and TOD in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). All SHR were orally treated with distilled water, metoprolol (MP, 20 mg/kg), and PG (PG-H, 90 mg/kg or PG-L, 30 mg/kg) for a single time or daily for 7 weeks. The 24-hour dynamic blood pressure was monitored and then calculated BPV including long- and short-term systolic blood pressure variability (SBPV), diastolic blood pressure variability (DBPV), mean blood pressure variability (MBPV), and heart rate variability (HRV) as well as the 24-hour-SBP, 24-hour-DBP, and 24-hour-MBP. The protective effects of PG on TOD were observed by histopathologic and biochemical detection. The results indicated that long- and short-term SBPV, DBPV, MBPV, and HRV as well as 24-hour-SBP, 24-hour-DBP, and 24-hour-MBP showed no significant changes after single-dose administration of PG and significantly decreased after administration with PG for 7 weeks. PG could also markedly improve the damage of aorta, heart, kidney, and brain. This study suggested that PG could notably reduce BPV, stabilize blood pressure, and mitigate TOD in SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Zheng-Biao Yang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
- Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Shan-Shan Lei
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Jie Su
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Min-Xia Pang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Chao Yin
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Guo-Yang Chen
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Chao-Wen Shan
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Hui-Ming Hu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Su-Hong Chen
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Gui-Yuan Lv
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
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Deng LL, Yuan D, Zhou ZY, Wan JZ, Zhang CC, Liu CQ, Dun YY, Zhao HX, Zhao B, Yang YJ, Wang T. Saponins from Panax japonicus attenuate age-related neuroinflammation via regulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathways. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1877-1884. [PMID: 29239335 PMCID: PMC5745843 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.219047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is recognized as an important pathogenic factor for aging and related cognitive disorders. Mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathways may mediate neuroinflammation. Saponins from Panax japonicus are the most abundant and bioactive members in rhizomes of Panax japonicus, and show anti-inflammatory activity. However, it is not known whether saponin from Panax japonicus has an anti-inflammatory effect in the aging brain, and likewise its underlying mechanisms. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control groups (3-, 9-, 15-, and 24-month-old groups) and saponins from Panax japonicus-treated groups. Saponins from Panax japonicus-treated groups were orally administrated saponins from Panax japonicus at three doses of 10, 30, and 60 mg/kg once daily for 6 months until the rats were 24 months old. Immunohistochemical staining and western blot assay results demonstrated that many microglia were activated in 24-month-old rats compared with 3- and 9-month-old rats. Expression of interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, cyclooxygenase-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase increased. Each dose of saponins from Panax japonicus visibly suppressed microglial activation in the aging rat brain, and inhibited expression levels of the above factors. Each dose of saponins from Panax japonicus markedly diminished levels of nuclear factor kappa B, IκBα, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38. These results confirm that saponins from Panax japonicus can mitigate neuroinflammation in the aging rat brain by inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Deng
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province; Renhe Hospital, Second College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ding Yuan
- Renhe Hospital, Second College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Zhou
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jing-Zhi Wan
- Renhe Hospital, Second College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chang-Cheng Zhang
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chao-Qi Liu
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yao-Yan Dun
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hai-Xia Zhao
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yuan-Jian Yang
- Medical Experimental Center, Jiangxi Mental Hospital/Affiliated Mental Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
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Chen J, Hou XF, Wang G, Zhong QX, Liu Y, Qiu HH, Yang N, Gu JF, Wang CF, Zhang L, Song J, Huang LQ, Jia XB, Zhang MH, Feng L. Terpene glycoside component from Moutan Cortex ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress-related inflammatory responses. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 193:433-444. [PMID: 27664441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Multiple lines of evidences have suggested that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related inflammatory responses play a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Moutan Cortex (MC), the root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr., is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which has been used clinically for treating inflammatory diseases in China. The findings from our previous research suggested that terpene glycoside (TG) component of MC possessed favorable anti-inflammatory properties in curing DN. However, the underlying mechanisms of MC-TG for treating DN are still unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the role of ER stress-related inflammatory responses in the progression of DN, and to investigate the underlying protective mechanisms of MC-TG in kidney damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS DN rats and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) induced HBZY-1 cell dysfunction were established to evaluate the protective effect of MC-TG on ameliorating renal injury. Evaluation of pathological lesions was performed by Masson staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78/Bip), as well as spliced X box binding protein 1(XBP-1(s)) levels in rat serum were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, western blotting (WB) was applied to detect the protein expressions including IL-6, MCP-1, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), GRP78/Bip, XBP-1 (s), phosphorylated inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (p-IRE1α), cleaved activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), phosphorylated PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (p-PERK), and phosphorylated nuclear factor κB p65 (p-NF-κB p65) in vivo and in vitro. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was carried out to determine the phosphorylation of IRE1α and NF-κB p65 in kidney tissues. RESULTS Pretreatment with MC-TG could markedly improve renal insufficiency and pathologic changes. It could down-regulate ER stress-related factors GRP78/Bip, XBP-1(s) levels, and also reduce the pro-inflammatory molecules IL-6, MCP-1, and ICAM-1 expressions. Furthermore, a significant decrease in phosphorylation of IRE1α and NF-κB p65 by the treatment of MC-TG. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that MC-TG ameliorated ER stress-related inflammation in the pathogenesis of DN, wherein the protective mechanism might be associated with the inhibition of IRE1/NF-κB activation. Thus, MC-TG might be a potential therapeutic candidate for the prevention and treatment of DN.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Line
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetic Nephropathies/etiology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Nephropathies/pathology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/prevention & control
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects
- Glycation End Products, Advanced/metabolism
- Glycosides/chemistry
- Glycosides/isolation & purification
- Glycosides/pharmacology
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mesangial Cells/drug effects
- Mesangial Cells/metabolism
- Mesangial Cells/ultrastructure
- Paeonia/chemistry
- Phosphorylation
- Phytotherapy
- Plants, Medicinal
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Renal Insufficiency/etiology
- Renal Insufficiency/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency/pathology
- Renal Insufficiency/prevention & control
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Streptozocin
- Terpenes/chemistry
- Terpenes/isolation & purification
- Terpenes/pharmacology
- Transcription Factor RelA/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210028, PR China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijng 100700, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Third School of Clinical Medical of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Xue-Feng Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui, Hefei 230012, PR China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Qing-Xiang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210028, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Hui-Hui Qiu
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210028, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Nan Yang
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210028, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jun-Fei Gu
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210028, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Chun-Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210028, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijng 100700, PR China
| | - Xiao-Bin Jia
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210028, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Third School of Clinical Medical of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210028, PR China.
| | - Ming-Hua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi Xishan People's Hospital, Jiangsu, Wuxi 214011, PR China.
| | - Liang Feng
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210028, PR China; Third School of Clinical Medical of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210028, PR China.
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Yoo SR, Kim Y, Lee MY, Kim OS, Seo CS, Shin HK, Jeong SJ. Gyeji-tang water extract exerts anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of ERK and NF-κB pathways in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:390. [PMID: 27733198 PMCID: PMC5062814 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1366-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Gyeji-tang (GJT, Guizhi Tang in Chinese, Keishi-to in Japanese) is a traditional herbal decoction composed of 5 medicinal herbs. GJT has been used to treat the common cold, headaches, and fever in Asian countries including Korea, China, and Japan. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of a water extract of GJT on inflammatory response using the murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7. Methods RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to upregulate inflammatory genes. Cells were pretreated with various concentrations of GJT for 4 h and stimulated with LPS for an additional 20 h. Productions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Protein expressions of heme oxygenase (HO)-1, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) were analyzed by immunoblotting. Results Treatment with the GJT extract enhanced expression of HO-1 in macrophages without cytotoxicity. GJT extract significantly inhibited proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated cells. GJT suppressed LPS-induced COX-2 expression, leading to a decrease in COX-2-derived PGE2 level. In addition, GJT extract prevented phosphorylation of ERK and NF-κB translocalization to the nucleus in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusion These data suggest that GJT has anti-inflammatory possibly through blocking ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Gypenoside Attenuates β Amyloid-Induced Inflammation in N9 Microglial Cells via SOCS1 Signaling. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:6362707. [PMID: 27213058 PMCID: PMC4861811 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6362707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reducing β amyloid- (Aβ-) induced microglial activation is believed to be effective in treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglia can be activated into classic activated state (M1 state) or alternative activated state (M2 state), and the former is harmful; in contrast, the latter is beneficial. Gypenoside (GP) is the major bioactive constituent of Gynostemma pentaphyllum, a traditional Chinese herb medicine. In this study, we hypothesized that GP attenuates Aβ-induced microglial activation by ameliorating microglial M1/M2 states, and the process may be mediated by suppressor of cell signaling protein 1 (SOCS1). In this study, we found that Aβ exposure increased the levels of microglial M1 markers, including iNOS expression, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and IL-6 releases, and coadministration of GP reversed the increase of M1 markers and enhanced the levels of M2 markers, including arginase-1 (Arg-1) expression, IL-10, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) releases in the Aβ-treated microglial cells. SOCS1-siRNA, however, significantly abolished the GP-induced effects on the levels of microglial M1 and M2 markers. These findings indicated that GP attenuates Aβ-induced microglial activation by ameliorating M1/M2 states, and the process may be mediated by SOCS1.
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Eastlake K, Banerjee PJ, Angbohang A, Charteris DG, Khaw PT, Limb GA. Müller glia as an important source of cytokines and inflammatory factors present in the gliotic retina during proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Glia 2016; 64:495-506. [PMID: 26556395 PMCID: PMC4981913 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Retinal gliosis is characterized by biochemical and physiological changes that often lead to Müller glia proliferation and hypertrophy and is a feature of many neuro-degenerative and inflammatory diseases such as proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Although Müller glia are known to release inflammatory factors and cytokines, it is not clear whether cytokine production by these cells mirrors the pattern of factors present in the gliotic retina. Lysates from normal cadaveric retina and gliotic retinal specimens from patients undergoing retinectomy for treatment of PVR, the Müller cell line MIO-M1 and four human Müller glial cell preparations isolated from normal retina were examined for their expression of cytokines and inflammatory factors using semi-quantitative dot blot antibody arrays and quantitative arrays. Comparative analysis of the expression of inflammatory factors showed that in comparison with normal retina, gliotic retina exhibited greater than twofold increase in 24/102 factors examined by semiquantitative arrays, and a significant increase in 19 out of 27 factors assessed by quantitative methods (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001). It was observed that with the exception of some chemotactic factors, the majority of cytokines and inflammatory factors were produced by Müller glia in vitro and included G-CSF, MCP-1, PDGF-bb, RANTES, VEGF, and TGFβ2. These results showed that a large number of inflammatory factors expressed by Müller glia in vitro are upregulated in the gliotic retina, suggesting that targeting the production of inflammatory factors by Müller glia may constitute a valid approach to prevent neural damage during retinal gliosis and this merits further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Eastlake
- Department of Ocular Biology and Therapeutics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - P J Banerjee
- Department of Ocular Biology and Therapeutics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Angbohang
- Department of Ocular Biology and Therapeutics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - D G Charteris
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - P T Khaw
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - G A Limb
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
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Lactobacillus fermentum Suo Attenuates HCl/Ethanol Induced Gastric Injury in Mice through Its Antioxidant Effects. Nutrients 2016; 8:155. [PMID: 26978395 PMCID: PMC4808883 DOI: 10.3390/nu8030155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to determine the inhibitory effects of Lactobacillus fermentum Suo (LF-Suo) on HCl/ethanol induced gastric injury in ICR (Institute for Cancer Research) mice and explain the mechanism of these effects through the molecular biology activities of LF-Suo. The studied mice were divided into four groups: healthy, injured, LF-Suo-L and LF-Suo-H group. After the LF-Suo intragastric administration, the gastric injury area was reduced compared to the injured group. The serum MOT (motilin), SP (substance P), ET (endothelin) levels of LF-Suo treated mice were lower, and SS (somatostatin), VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) levels were higher than the injured group mice. The cytokine IL-6 (interleukin 6), IL-12 (interleukin 12), TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) and IFN-γ (interferon-γ) serum levels were decreased after the LF-Suo treatment. The gastric tissues SOD (superoxide dismutase), GSH-Px (glutathione peroxidase), NO (nitric oxide) and activities of LF-Suo treated mice were increased and MDA (malondialdehyde) activity was decreased compared to the injured group mice. By the RT-PCR assay, LF-Suo raised the occludin, EGF (epidermal growth factor), EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor), VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), Fit-1 (fms-like tyrosine kinase-1), IκB-α (inhibitor kappaB-α), nNOS (neuronal nitric oxide synthase), eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase), Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD, CAT (catalase) mRNA or protein expressions and reduced the COX-2, NF-κB (nuclear factor kappaB), and iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) expressions in gastric tissues compared to the gastric injured group mice. A high concentration (1.0 × 109 CFU/kg b.w.) of LF-Suo treatment showed stronger anti-gastric injury effects compared to a low concentration of (0.5 × 109 CFU/kg b.w.) of LF-Suo treatment. LF-Suo also showed strong survival in pH 3.0 man-made gastric juice and hydrophobic properties. These results indicate that LF-Suo has potential use as probiotics for its gastric injury treatment effects.
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Zhang Q, Yuan Y, Cui J, Xiao T, Jiang D. Paeoniflorin inhibits proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells through suppressing Notch-1 signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 78:197-203. [PMID: 26898442 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Paeoniflorin (PF), one of the major active ingredients of Chinese peony, was reported to possess anti-tumor effect. However, the role of PF in breast cancer remains to be clarified. Therefore, in this context, the present study investigated the effects of PF on breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion, as well as the underlying mechanism. Our results found that PF suppressed the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells. We further demonstrated that PF down-regulated the expression of Notch-1; in addition, overexpression of Notch-1 reversed PF-inhibited proliferation and invasion, and knockdown of Notch-1 enhanced PF-inhibited proliferation and invasion in breast cancer cells. In conclusion, the present study suggests that PF inhibits proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells through suppressing Notch-1 signaling pathway. Therefore, PF may represent a chemopreventive and/or therapeutic agent in the prevention of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, China
| | - Yonghui Yuan
- Department of Infection, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, China
| | - Jianchun Cui
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tingting Xiao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daqing Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, China.
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