1
|
Cao J, Gorwood P, Ramoz N, Viltart O. The Role of Central and Peripheral Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) as a Biomarker of Anorexia Nervosa Reconceptualized as a Metabo-Psychiatric Disorder. Nutrients 2024; 16:2617. [PMID: 39203753 PMCID: PMC11357464 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophic factors play pivotal roles in shaping brain development and function, with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) emerging as a key regulator in various physiological processes. This review explores the intricate relationship between BDNF and anorexia nervosa (AN), a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by disordered eating behaviors and severe medical consequences. Beginning with an overview of BDNF's fundamental functions in neurodevelopment and synaptic plasticity, the review delves into recent clinical and preclinical evidence implicating BDNF in the pathophysiology of AN. Specifically, it examines the impact of BDNF polymorphisms, such as the Val66Met variant, on AN susceptibility, prognosis, and treatment response. Furthermore, the review discusses the interplay between BDNF and stress-related mood disorders, shedding light on the mechanisms underlying AN vulnerability to stress events. Additionally, it explores the involvement of BDNF in metabolic regulation, highlighting its potential implications for understanding the metabolic disturbances observed in AN. Through a comprehensive analysis of clinical data and animal studies, the review elucidates the nuanced role of BDNF in AN etiology and prognosis, emphasizing its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. Finally, the review discusses limitations and future directions in BDNF research, underscoring the need for further investigations to elucidate the complex interplay between BDNF signaling and AN pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Cao
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S 1266, F-75014 Paris, France (O.V.)
| | - Philip Gorwood
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S 1266, F-75014 Paris, France (O.V.)
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, CMME, Hôpital Sainte Anne, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Ramoz
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S 1266, F-75014 Paris, France (O.V.)
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, CMME, Hôpital Sainte Anne, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Odile Viltart
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S 1266, F-75014 Paris, France (O.V.)
- SCALab Laboratory, PsySEF Faculty, Université de Lille, UMR CNRS 9193, F-59650 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sharifi S, Rostami F, Babaei Khorzoughi K, Rahmati M. Effect of time-restricted eating and intermittent fasting on cognitive function and mental health in older adults: A systematic review. Prev Med Rep 2024; 42:102757. [PMID: 38774517 PMCID: PMC11107340 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Emerging evidence suggests that dietary interventions hold promise for promoting cognitive function and mental well-being in aging populations. This systematic review aimed to examine the potential relationship between Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) and Intermittent Fasting (IFA) with cognitive function and mental health in older adults. Methods A thorough exploration was undertaken on electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, up to October 2023, following PRISMA standards. The evaluation of the quality and potential bias in the incorporated articles involved the use of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT). Results From a total of 539 articles initially identified, eight studies met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in this review. Out of these eight studies, six focused on cognitive function, and 2 focused on mental health. The reviewed articles encompassed a wide range of population sizes, with the number of older adults studied varying from 10 to 1357, reflecting a diverse cohort of individuals. Conclusions.The findings suggest that TRE and IFA may have a positive impact on cognitive function and mental health in this population. However, additional research is needed to fully comprehend this relationship. Therefore, future research should specifically examine factors such as the duration and timing of the eating window in TRE, as well as the physical condition of older adults, to provide a more nuanced understanding of the cognitive and mental health benefits of TRE and IFA in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sina Sharifi
- Department of Geriatric and Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rostami
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kimia Babaei Khorzoughi
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Islamic Azad University Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rahmati
- Department of Geriatric and Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Khatun A, Panchali T, Gorai S, Dutta A, Das TK, Ghosh K, Pradhan S, Mondal KC, Chakrabarti S. Impaired brain equanimity and neurogenesis in the diet-induced overweight mouse: a preventive role by syringic acid treatment. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:271-288. [PMID: 36947578 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2187510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study mice were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks to establish diet-induced obesity and syringic acid (SA) was assessed for anti-obese, neuroprotective, and neurogenesis. METHOD Animals were given HFD for 12 weeks to measure metabolic characteristics and then put through the Barns-maze and T-maze tests to measure memory. Additionally, the physiology of the blood-brain barrier, oxidative stress parameters, the expression of inflammatory genes, neurogenesis, and histopathology was evaluated in the brain. RESULT DIO raised body weight, BMI, and other metabolic parameters after 12 weeks of overfeeding. A reduced spontaneous alternation in behavior (working memory, reference memory, and total time to complete a task), decreased enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, oxidative biomarkers, increased neurogenesis, and impaired blood-brain barrier were all seen in DIO mice. SA (50 mg/kg) treatment of DIO mice (4 weeks after 8 weeks of HFD feeding) reduced diet-induced changes in lipid parameters associated with obesity, hepatological parameters, memory, blood-brain barrier, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neurogenesis. SA also reduced the impact of malondialdehyde and enhanced the effects of antioxidants such as glutathione, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total thiol (MDA). Syringic acid improved neurogenesis, cognition, and the blood-brain barrier while reducing neurodegeneration in the hippocampal area. DISCUSSION According to the results of the study, syringic acid therapy prevented neurodegeneration, oxidative stress, DIO, and memory loss. Syringic acid administration may be a useful treatment for obesity, memory loss, and neurogenesis, but more research and clinical testing is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amina Khatun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Paschim Medinipur, India
| | - Titli Panchali
- Department of Paramedical & Allied Health Science, Midnapore City College, Paschim Medinipur, India
| | - Sukhamoy Gorai
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ananya Dutta
- Department of Paramedical & Allied Health Science, Midnapore City College, Paschim Medinipur, India
| | - Tridip Kumar Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Paschim Medinipur, India
| | - Kuntal Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Paschim Medinipur, India
| | - Shrabani Pradhan
- Department of Paramedical & Allied Health Science, Midnapore City College, Paschim Medinipur, India
| | | | - Sudipta Chakrabarti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Paschim Medinipur, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cogut V, McNeely TL, Bussian TJ, Graves SI, Baker DJ. Caloric Restriction Improves Spatial Learning Deficits in Tau Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:925-940. [PMID: 38517786 PMCID: PMC11068089 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Background Caloric restriction (CR) has been recognized for its benefits in delaying age-related diseases and extending lifespan. While its effects on amyloid pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse models are well-documented, its effects on tauopathy, another hallmark of AD, are less explored. Objective To assess the impact of a short-term 30% CR regimen on age-dependent spatial learning deficits and pathological features in a tauopathy mouse model. Methods We subjected male PS19 tau P301S (hereafter PS19) and age-matched wildtype mice from two age cohorts (4.5 and 7.5 months old) to a 6-week 30% CR regimen. Spatial learning performance was assessed using the Barnes Maze test. Tau pathology, neuroinflammation, hippocampal cell proliferation, and neurogenesis were evaluated in the older cohort by immunohistochemical staining and RT-qPCR. Results CR mitigated age-dependent spatial learning deficits in PS19 mice but exhibited limited effects on tau pathology and the associated neuroinflammation. Additionally, we found a decrease in hippocampal cell proliferation, predominantly of Iba1+ cells. Conclusions Our findings reinforce the cognitive benefits conferred by CR despite its limited modulation of disease pathology. Given the pivotal role of microglia in tau-driven pathology, the observed reduction in Iba1+ cells under CR suggests potential therapeutic implications, particularly if CR would be introduced early in disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Cogut
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Taylor L. McNeely
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Tyler J. Bussian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Sara I. Graves
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Darren J. Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at Mayo Clinic, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gabarró-Solanas R, Davaatseren A, Kleifeld J, Kepčija T, Köcher T, Giralt A, Crespo-Enríquez I, Urbán N. Adult neural stem cells and neurogenesis are resilient to intermittent fasting. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57268. [PMID: 37987220 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) is a promising strategy to counteract ageing shown to increase the number of adult-born neurons in the dentate gyrus of mice. However, it is unclear which steps of the adult neurogenesis process are regulated by IF. The number of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) decreases with age in an activation-dependent manner and, to counteract this loss, adult NSCs are found in a quiescent state which ensures their long-term maintenance. We aimed to determine if and how IF affects adult NSCs in the hippocampus. To identify the effects of every-other-day IF on NSCs and all following steps in the neurogenic lineage, we combined fasting with lineage tracing and label retention assays. We show here that IF does not affect NSC activation or maintenance and, that contrary to previous reports, IF does not increase neurogenesis. The same results are obtained regardless of strain, sex, diet length, tamoxifen administration or new-born neuron identification method. Our data suggest that NSCs maintain homeostasis upon IF and that this intervention is not a reliable strategy to increase adult neurogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rut Gabarró-Solanas
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Amarbayasgalan Davaatseren
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Justus Kleifeld
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tatjana Kepčija
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Albert Giralt
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iván Crespo-Enríquez
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Noelia Urbán
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Portero-Tresserra M, Galofré-López N, Pallares E, Gimenez-Montes C, Barcia C, Granero R, Rojic-Becker D, Vale-Martínez A, Martí-Nicolovius M, Guillazo-Blanch G. Effects of Caloric Restriction on Spatial Object Recognition Memory, Hippocampal Neuron Loss and Neuroinflammation in Aged Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071572. [PMID: 37049417 PMCID: PMC10096994 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related neurobiological changes significantly affect hippocampal structure and function, such that the main cognitive impairments associated with aging are related to the integrity of this brain structure, including the deterioration in spatial object recognition (SOR) memory. Previous studies have shown that intrinsic factors such as neuroinflammation, as well as lifestyle factors such as diet, can affect aging-associated brain functions and cognitive performance. In this regard, caloric restriction (CR) produces beneficial effects on health and life expectancy, although its ability to slow down age-dependent effects on cognitive decline and hippocampus (HPC) functioning remains unclear. Therefore, we set out to evaluate the effects of CR on SOR memory in aged male Wistar rats, as well as those on hippocampal neuron loss, neurogenesis and inflammation. The data show that CR in aged rats attenuates the decline in SOR memory, age-associated hippocampal neuron loss, and age-dependent microglial activation. Furthermore, we found a significant reduction in neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the old animals relative to adult rats. These findings support the positive effect of CR on SOR memory, suggesting that it dampens hippocampal neuronal loss and reduces proinflammatory activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Portero-Tresserra
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Galofré-López
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Pallares
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Gimenez-Montes
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Barcia
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Divka Rojic-Becker
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Vale-Martínez
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margarita Martí-Nicolovius
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Guillazo-Blanch
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Melgar-Locatelli S, de Ceglia M, Mañas-Padilla MC, Rodriguez-Pérez C, Castilla-Ortega E, Castro-Zavala A, Rivera P. Nutrition and adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus: Does what you eat help you remember? Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1147269. [PMID: 36908779 PMCID: PMC9995971 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1147269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis is a complex process by which neural progenitor cells (NPCs)/neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferate and differentiate into new neurons and other brain cells. In adulthood, the hippocampus is one of the areas with more neurogenesis activity, which is involved in the modulation of both emotional and cognitive hippocampal functions. This complex process is affected by many intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including nutrition. In this regard, preclinical studies performed in rats and mice demonstrate that high fats and/or sugars diets have a negative effect on adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). In contrast, diets enriched with bioactive compounds, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols, as well as intermittent fasting or caloric restriction, can induce AHN. Interestingly, there is also growing evidence demonstrating that offspring AHN can be affected by maternal nutrition in the perinatal period. Therefore, nutritional interventions from early stages and throughout life are a promising perspective to alleviate neurodegenerative diseases by stimulating neurogenesis. The underlying mechanisms by which nutrients and dietary factors affect AHN are still being studied. Interestingly, recent evidence suggests that additional peripheral mediators may be involved. In this sense, the microbiota-gut-brain axis mediates bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain and could act as a link between nutritional factors and AHN. The aim of this mini-review is to summarize, the most recent findings related to the influence of nutrition and diet in the modulation of AHN. The importance of maternal nutrition in the AHN of the offspring and the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the nutrition-neurogenesis relationship have also been included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Melgar-Locatelli
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.,Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Marialuisa de Ceglia
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.,UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Carmen Mañas-Padilla
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.,Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Celia Rodriguez-Pérez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos 'José Mataix', Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Estela Castilla-Ortega
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.,Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Adriana Castro-Zavala
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.,Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Patricia Rivera
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.,UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Culig L, Chu X, Bohr VA. Neurogenesis in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 78:101636. [PMID: 35490966 PMCID: PMC9168971 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis, the process by which neurons are generated in certain areas of the adult brain, declines in an age-dependent manner and is one potential target for extending cognitive healthspan. Aging is a major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases and, as lifespans are increasing, these health challenges are becoming more prevalent. An age-associated loss in neural stem cell number and/or activity could cause this decline in brain function, so interventions that reverse aging in stem cells might increase the human cognitive healthspan. In this review, we describe the involvement of adult neurogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases and address the molecular mechanistic aspects of neurogenesis that involve some of the key aggregation-prone proteins in the brain (i.e., tau, Aβ, α-synuclein, …). We summarize the research pertaining to interventions that increase neurogenesis and regulate known targets in aging research, such as mTOR and sirtuins. Lastly, we share our outlook on restoring the levels of neurogenesis to physiological levels in elderly individuals and those with neurodegeneration. We suggest that modulating neurogenesis represents a potential target for interventions that could help in the fight against neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luka Culig
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Xixia Chu
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shoubridge AP, Choo JM, Martin AM, Keating DJ, Wong ML, Licinio J, Rogers GB. The gut microbiome and mental health: advances in research and emerging priorities. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1908-1919. [PMID: 35236957 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01479-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiome exerts a considerable influence on human neurophysiology and mental health. Interactions between intestinal microbiology and host regulatory systems have now been implicated both in the development of psychiatric conditions and in the efficacy of many common therapies. With the growing acceptance of the role played by the gut microbiome in mental health outcomes, the focus of research is now beginning to shift from identifying relationships between intestinal microbiology and pathophysiology, and towards using this newfound insight to improve clinical outcomes. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of gut microbiome-brain interactions, the mechanistic underpinnings of these relationships, and the ongoing challenge of distinguishing association and causation. We set out an overarching model of the evolution of microbiome-CNS interaction and examine how a growing knowledge of these complex systems can be used to determine disease susceptibility and reduce risk in a targeted manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Shoubridge
- Microbiome and Host Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.,Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Jocelyn M Choo
- Microbiome and Host Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.,Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Alyce M Martin
- Neuroscience, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Damien J Keating
- Neuroscience, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Ma-Li Wong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Julio Licinio
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Geraint B Rogers
- Microbiome and Host Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia. .,Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Astragalus membranaceus treatment combined with caloric restriction may enhance genesis factors and decrease apoptosis in the hippocampus of rats. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2022; 99:104584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
11
|
Ali AAH, von Gall C. Adult Neurogenesis under Control of the Circadian System. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050764. [PMID: 35269386 PMCID: PMC8909047 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian circadian system is a hierarchically organized system, which controls a 24-h periodicity in a wide variety of body and brain functions and physiological processes. There is increasing evidence that the circadian system modulates the complex multistep process of adult neurogenesis, which is crucial for brain plasticity. This modulatory effect may be exercised via rhythmic systemic factors including neurotransmitters, hormones and neurotrophic factors as well as rhythmic behavior and physiology or via intrinsic factors within the neural progenitor cells such as the redox state and clock genes/molecular clockwork. In this review, we discuss the role of the circadian system for adult neurogenesis at both the systemic and the cellular levels. Better understanding of the role of the circadian system in modulation of adult neurogenesis can help develop new treatment strategies to improve the cognitive deterioration associated with chronodisruption due to detrimental light regimes or neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
12
|
Alemohammad SMA, Noori SMR, Samarbafzadeh E, Noori SMA. The role of the gut microbiota and nutrition on spatial learning and spatial memory: a mini review based on animal studies. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:1551-1563. [PMID: 35028854 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut-brain axis is believed to constitute a bidirectional communication mechanism that affects both mental and digestive processes. Recently, the role of the gut microbiota in cognitive performance has been the focus of much research. In this paper, we discuss the effects of gut microbiota and nutrition on spatial memory and learning. Studies have shown the influence of diet on cognitive capabilities such as spatial learning and memory. It has been reported that a high-fat diet can alter gut microbiota which subsequently leads to changes in spatial learning and memory. Some microorganisms in the gut that can significantly affect spatial learning and memory are Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Helicobacter pylori. For example, a reduction in the amount of A. muciniphila in the gut leads to increased intestinal permeability and induces immune response in the brain which then negatively affects cognitive performances. We suggest that more studies should be carried out regarding the indirect effects of nutrition on cognitive activities via alteration in gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyed Mohammad Reza Noori
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Samarbafzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Ali Noori
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. .,Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang L, Xu H, Ding N, Li X, Chen X, Chen Z. Beneficial Effects on Brain Micro-Environment by Caloric Restriction in Alleviating Neurodegenerative Diseases and Brain Aging. Front Physiol 2021; 12:715443. [PMID: 34899367 PMCID: PMC8660583 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.715443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging and neurodegenerative diseases are frequently associated with the disruption of the extracellular microenvironment, which includes mesenchyme and body fluid components. Caloric restriction (CR) has been recognized as a lifestyle intervention that can improve long-term health. In addition to preventing metabolic disorders, CR has been shown to improve brain health owing to its enhancing effect on cognitive functions or retarding effect on the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. This article summarizes current findings regarding the neuroprotective effects of CR, which include the modulation of metabolism, autophagy, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. This review may offer future perspectives for brain aging interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Central CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou, China.,Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.,Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Huachong Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Key Laboratory of Central CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyin Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuangfei Chen
- Medical College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Almulla AYH, Mogulkoc R, Baltaci AK, Dasdelen D. Learning, Neurogenesis, and Effects of Flavonoids on Learning. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:355-364. [PMID: 34238155 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210707120719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Learning and memory are two of our mind's most magical abilities. Different brain regions have roles in processing and storing different types of memories. The hippocampus is the part of the brain responsible for receiving information and storing it in the neocortex. One of the most impressive characteristics of the hippocampus is its capacity for neurogenesis, which is a process in which new neurons are produced and then transformed into mature neurons and finally integrated into neural circuits. The neurogenesis process in the hippocampus, an example of neuroplasticity in the adult brain, is believed to aid hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. New neurons are constantly produced in the hippocampus and integrated into the pre-existing neuronal network; this allows old memories already stored in the neocortex to be removed from the hippocampus and replaced with new ones. Factors affecting neurogenesis in the hippocampus may also affect hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. The flavonoids can particularly exert powerful actions in mammalian cognition and improve hippocampal-dependent learning and memory by positively affecting hippocampal neurogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rasim Mogulkoc
- Selcuk University, Medical School Department of Physiology, 42075, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Dervis Dasdelen
- Selcuk University, Medical School Department of Physiology, 42075, Konya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu F, Yuan M, Li C, Guan X, Li B. The protective function of taurine on pesticide-induced permanent neurodevelopmental toxicity in juvenile rats. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21273. [PMID: 33368748 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001290r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have confirmed that prenatal or early postnatal exposure to pesticides can lead to functional deficits in the developing brain. This study aimed to investigate whether combined exposure to paraquat (PQ) and maneb (MB) during puberty could cause permanent toxic effects in the neural system of rats. In addition, the neuroprotective function of taurine (T) and its possible mechanism were investigated. Rats were administered PQ + MB intragastrically for 12 continuous weeks, while taurine dissolved in water was fed to the rats for 24 continuous weeks. In the behavioral tests, the rats' trajectories became complex, and the reaction latencies and mistake frequencies increased. Significant changes were found in the hippocampal neurons of the PQ + MB groups but not in the taurine treatment groups. PQ + MB stimulated cAMP to reduce the production of protein kinase A (PKA) and inhibited the activation of other elements, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), phospho-CREB (p-CREB), immediate-early genes (IEGs)Arc, and c-Fos. Importantly, taurine regulated the level of cAMP and the expression of the abovementioned proteins. Together, our findings implied that adolescent exposure to PQ + MB may impact the behavior and cognitive function of rats via the cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling pathway, while taurine may in turn exert neuroprotection by diminishing these impacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fukai Liu
- Animal Laboratory Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mengtong Yuan
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chenlong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xue Guan
- Animal Laboratory Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bai Li
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Martinez JE, Kahana DD, Ghuman S, Wilson HP, Wilson J, Kim SCJ, Lagishetty V, Jacobs JP, Sinha-Hikim AP, Friedman TC. Unhealthy Lifestyle and Gut Dysbiosis: A Better Understanding of the Effects of Poor Diet and Nicotine on the Intestinal Microbiome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:667066. [PMID: 34168615 PMCID: PMC8218903 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.667066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of the intestinal or gut microbiome is a newer field that is rapidly gaining attention. Bidirectional communication between gut microbes and the host can impact numerous biological systems regulating immunity and metabolism to either promote or negatively impact the host's health. Habitual routines, dietary choices, socioeconomic status, education, host genetics, medical care and environmental factors can all contribute to the composition of an individual's microbiome. A key environmental factor that may cause negative outcomes is the consumption of nicotine products. The effects of nicotine on the host can be exacerbated by poor dietary choices and together can impact the composition of the gut microbiota to promote the development of metabolic disease including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This review explores the contribution of nicotine, poor dietary choices and other unhealthy lifestyle factors to gut dysbiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason E. Martinez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Doron D. Kahana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Simran Ghuman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Haley P. Wilson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Julian Wilson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Samuel C. J. Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Venu Lagishetty
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, UCLA Microbiome Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan P. Jacobs
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, UCLA Microbiome Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Amiya P. Sinha-Hikim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Theodore C. Friedman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hong M, Ho C, Zhang X, Zhang R, Liu Y. Dietary strategies may influence human nerves and emotions by regulating intestinal microbiota: an interesting hypothesis. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Hong
- Department of Food Science and Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo315211China
| | - Chi‐Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science Rutgers University New Brunswick NJ08901USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo315211China
| | - Ruilin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo315211China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo315211China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Currenti W, Godos J, Castellano S, Caruso G, Ferri R, Caraci F, Grosso G, Galvano F. Association between Time Restricted Feeding and Cognitive Status in Older Italian Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010191. [PMID: 33435416 PMCID: PMC7827225 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Due to the increased life expectancy, the prevalence of aging-related health conditions, such as cognitive impairment, dementia and Alzheimer’s disease is increasing. Among the modifiable risk factors, dietary factors have proved to be of primary importance in preserving and improving mental health and cognitive status in older adults, possibly through the modulation of adult neurogenesis, neuronal plasticity and brain signaling. Feeding/fasting timing manipulation has emerged as an innovative strategy to counteract and treat cognitive decline. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the timing of the feeding period and cognitive status in a cross-sectional cohort of adults living in the Mediterranean area. Methods: Demographic and dietary characteristics of 883 adults living in Southern Italy (Sicily) were analyzed. Food frequency questionnaires were used to calculate the time window between the first and the last meal of an average day. Participants with an eating time window duration of more than 10 h were then identified, as well as those with eating time restricted to less than 10 h (TRF). Results: After adjusting for potential confounding factors, individuals adherent to TRF were less likely to have cognitive impairment, compared to those with no eating time restrictions [odds ratio (OR) = 0.28; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.07–0.90]; a similar association was found for individuals having breakfast (OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.16–0.89), but not for those having dinner. Conclusions: The results of this study reveal that time restricted eating may be positively associated with cognitive status, and thus exert plausible effects on brain health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Currenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (W.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Justyna Godos
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (J.G.); (R.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Sabrina Castellano
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Raffaele Ferri
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (J.G.); (R.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (J.G.); (R.F.); (F.C.)
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (W.C.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0954-781-187
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (W.C.); (F.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Barthez M, Song Z, Wang CL, Chen D. Stem Cell Metabolism and Diet. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2020; 6:119-125. [PMID: 33777658 PMCID: PMC7992378 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-020-00180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diet has profound impacts on health and longevity. Evidence is emerging to suggest that diet impinges upon the metabolic pathways in tissue-specific stem cells to influence health and disease. Here, we review the similarities and differences in the metabolism of stem cells from several tissues, and highlight the mitochondrial metabolic checkpoint in stem cell maintenance and aging. We discuss how diet engages the nutrient sensing metabolic pathways and impacts stem cell maintenance. Finally, we explore the therapeutic implications of dietary and metabolic regulation of stem cells. RECENT FINDINGS Stem Cell transition from quiescence to proliferation is associated with a metabolic switch from glycolysis to mitochondrial OXPHOS and the mitochondrial metabolic checkpoint is critically controlled by the nutrient sensors SIRT2, SIRT3, and SIRT7 in hematopoietic stem cells. Intestine stem cell homeostasis during aging and in response to diet is critically dependent on fatty acid metabolism and ketone bodies and is influenced by the niche mediated by the nutrient sensor mTOR. SUMMARY Nutrient sensing metabolic pathways critically regulate stem cell maintenance during aging and in response to diet. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying dietary and metabolic regulation of stem cells provides novel insights for stem cell biology and may be targeted therapeutically to reverse stem cell aging and tissue degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marine Barthez
- Program in Metabolic Biology, Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Zehan Song
- Program in Metabolic Biology, Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Chih Ling Wang
- Program in Metabolic Biology, Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Danica Chen
- Program in Metabolic Biology, Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, 119 Morgan Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wu B, Wang Y, Shi C, Chen Y, Yu L, Li J, Li W, Wei Y, He R. Ribosylation-Derived Advanced Glycation End Products Induce Tau Hyperphosphorylation Through Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Reduction. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 71:291-305. [PMID: 31381511 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been implicated in the disease process of diabetes mellitus. They have also been found in senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients. Furthermore, abnormally high levels of D-ribose and D-glucose were found in the urine of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, suggesting that diabetic patients suffer from dysmetabolism of not only D-glucose but also D-ribose. In the present study, intravenous tail injections of ribosylated rat serum albumin (RRSA) were found to impair memory in rats, but they did not markedly impair learning, as measured by the Morris water maze test. Injections of RRSA were found to trigger tau hyperphosphorylation in the rat hippocampus via GSK-3β activation. Tau hyperphosphorylation and GSK-3β activation were also observed in N2a cells in the presence of ribosylation-derived AGEs. Furthermore, the administration of ribosylation-derived AGEs induced the suppression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB). Both GSK-3β inhibition and BDNF treatment decreased the levels of phosphorylated tau in N2a cells. In particular, the administration of BDNF could rescue memory failure in ribosylated AGE-injected rats. Ribosylation-derived AGEs downregulated the BDNF-TrkB pathway in rat brains and N2a cells, leading to GSK-3β activation-mediated tau hyperphosphorylation, which was involved in the observed rat memory loss. Targeting ribosylation may be a promising therapeutic strategy to prevent Alzheimer's disease and diabetic encephalopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenggang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Lexiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Peking University Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rongqiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Alzheimer's Disease Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xie K, Kapetanou M, Sidiropoulou K, Bano D, Gonos ES, Djordjevic AM, Ehninger D. Signaling pathways of dietary energy restriction and metabolism on brain physiology and in age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 192:111364. [PMID: 32991920 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several laboratory animal models have shown that dietary energy restriction (ER) can promote longevity and improve various health aspects in old age. However, whether the entire spectrum of ER-induced short- and long-term physiological and metabolic adaptions is translatable to humans remains to be determined. In this review article, we present recent evidence towards the elucidation of the impact of ER on brain physiology and in age-related neurodegenerative diseases. We also discuss modulatory influences of ER on metabolism and overall on human health, limitations of current experimental designs as well as future perspectives for ER trials in humans. Finally, we summarize signaling pathways and processes known to be affected by both aging and ER with a special emphasis on the link between ER and cellular proteostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kan Xie
- Molecular and Cellular Cognition Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marianna Kapetanou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., Athens, 11635, Greece
| | | | - Daniele Bano
- Aging and Neurodegeneration Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Efstathios S Gonos
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., Athens, 11635, Greece
| | - Aleksandra Mladenovic Djordjevic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research 'Sinisa Stankovic', University of Belgrade, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Boulevard Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dan Ehninger
- Molecular and Cellular Cognition Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yu Q, Zou L, Kong Z, Yang L. Cognitive Impact of Calorie Restriction: A Narrative Review. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2020; 21:1394-1401. [PMID: 32693996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The impairment of cognitive function can cause substantial emotional and financial burdens. A recent global increasing trend in cognitive impairment and associated disorders has been observed, which will continue to grow as the population ages rapidly. As a nonpharmaceutical approach, calorie restriction (CR) has received extensive research interests due to its health benefits, including maintaining cognitive function. In this narrative review, we first briefly introduce the role of cognitive function in activities of daily living and CR as a part of healthy lifestyle behaviors to protect against cognitive decline. Second, we present results from human studies demonstrating that CR might be beneficial for improving age-related cognitive decline and cognitive impairment in the clinical population such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Third, the potential mechanisms regarding the protective effects of CR on cognition are discussed. Fourth, specific suggestions are highlighted to be considered in future human studies. Overall, although there are few data available from human studies, CR appears to be beneficial for cognitive protection for both healthy and clinical populations. Further scientific investigations are needed before a firm conclusion can be made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- Exercise and Mental Health Laboratory, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liye Zou
- Exercise and Mental Health Laboratory, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Zhaowei Kong
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada; Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Coprophagy prevention alters microbiome, metabolism, neurochemistry, and cognitive behavior in a small mammal. ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:2625-2645. [PMID: 32632263 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0711-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many small mammals engage in coprophagy, or the behavior of consuming feces, as a means to meet nutritional requirements when feeding on low-quality foods. In addition to nutritional benefits, coprophagy may also help herbivores retain necessary gut microbial diversity and function, which may have downstream physiological effects, such as maintaining energy balance and cognitive function. Here, we used collars to prevent Brandt's vole (Lasiopodomys brandtii) from engaging in coprophagy and monitored changes in microbial community structure, energy metabolism, and cognitive performance. In this research, we found that coprophagy prevention decreased alpha diversity of the gut microbiota, and altered proportions of microbial taxa such as Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Oscillospira. Preventing coprophagy resulted in a reduced body mass, and increased food intake. Importantly, coprophagy prevention decreased vole cognitive behavior and altered levels of neurotransmitters in brain. Daily acetate administration was able to reverse some of the coprophagy prevention-induced changes in microbiota composition, metabolism, neurochemistry, and cognitive behavior. These findings identify the functional importance of coprophagy behavior and interactions between the gut microbiota, energy metabolism, and neurological function. Our results suggest that coprophagy contributes to stabilizing the gut microbiota, promoting microbial metabolism, maintaining host energy balance and, consequently, altering cognitive performance.
Collapse
|
24
|
Dias IR, Santos CDS, Magalhães CODE, de Oliveira LRS, Peixoto MFD, De Sousa RAL, Cassilhas RC. Does calorie restriction improve cognition? IBRO Rep 2020; 9:37-45. [PMID: 33336102 PMCID: PMC7733132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) has been considered the most effective non-pharmacological intervention to counteract aging-related diseases and improve longevity. This intervention has shown beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of several chronic diseases and functional declines related to aging, such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and neuroendocrine disorders. However, the effects of CR on cognition show controversial results since its effects vary according to intensity, duration, and the period of CR. This review focuses on the main studies published in the last ten years regarding the consequences of CR on cognition in different neurological diseases and conditions of experimental animals. Also, possible CR mimetics are discussed. These findings highlight the potential beneficial effects of CR of up to 40 % on cognition when started early in life in non human animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Rocha Dias
- Neuroplasticity and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neuroplasticidade e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Carina de Sousa Santos
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Caíque Olegário Diniz E Magalhães
- Neuroplasticity and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neuroplasticidade e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Renan Sena de Oliveira
- Neuroplasticity and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neuroplasticidade e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Marco Fabrício Dias Peixoto
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Neuroplasticity and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neuroplasticidade e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Post Graduation Program in Health Science (PPGCS), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Neuroplasticity and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neuroplasticidade e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Neuroplasticity and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neuroplasticidade e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Post Graduation Program in Health Science (PPGCS), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Energy Restriction Enhances Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis-Associated Memory after Four Weeks in an Adult Human Population with Central Obesity; a Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030638. [PMID: 32121111 PMCID: PMC7146388 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis, the generation of new neurons throughout life, occurs in the subventricular zone of the dentate gyrus in the human hippocampal formation. It has been shown in rodents that adult hippocampal neurogenesis is needed for pattern separation, the ability to differentially encode small changes derived from similar inputs, and recognition memory, as well as the ability to recognize previously encountered stimuli. Improved hippocampus-dependent cognition and cellular readouts of adult hippocampal neurogenesis have been reported in daily energy restricted and intermittent fasting adult mice. Evidence that nutrition can significantly affect brain structure and function is increasing substantially. This randomized intervention study investigated the effects of intermittent and continuous energy restriction on human hippocampal neurogenesis-related cognition, which has not been reported previously. Pattern separation and recognition memory were measured in 43 individuals with central obesity aged 35-75 years, before and after a four-week dietary intervention using the mnemonic similarity task. Both groups significantly improved pattern separation (P = 0.0005), but only the intermittent energy restriction group had a significant deterioration in recognition memory. There were no significant differences in cognitive improvement between the two diets. This is the first human study to investigate the association between energy restriction with neurogenesis-associated cognitive function. Energy restriction may enhance hippocampus-dependent memory and could benefit those in an ageing population with declining cognition. This study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02679989) on 11 February 2016.
Collapse
|
26
|
Kapucu A, Üzüm G, Kaptan Z, Akgün-Dar K. Effects of erythropoietin pretreatment on single dose pentylentetrazole-induced seizures in rats. Biotech Histochem 2020; 95:418-427. [DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1713398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ayşegul Kapucu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülay Üzüm
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zülal Kaptan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kadriye Akgün-Dar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Causes Sex-Specific Deficits in Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Mice. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0391-19.2019. [PMID: 31871124 PMCID: PMC6946541 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0391-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is suppressed by high-fat (HF) diet and metabolic disease, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. Deficits in AHN may contribute to cognitive decline and increased risk of dementia and mood disorders, which have higher prevalence in women. However, sex differences in the effects of HF diet/metabolic disease on AHN have yet to be thoroughly investigated. Herein, male and female C57BL/6J mice were fed an HF or control (CON) diet from ∼2 to 6 months of age. After 3 months on the diet, mice were injected with 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) then killed 4 weeks later. Cell proliferation, differentiation/maturation, and survival of new neurons in the dentate gyrus were assessed with immunofluorescence for EdU, Ki67, doublecortin (DCX), and NeuN. CON females had more proliferating cells (Ki67+) and neuroblasts/immature neurons (DCX+) compared with CON males; however, HF diet reduced these cells in females to the levels of males. Diet did not affect neurogenesis in males. Further, the numbers of proliferating cells and immature neurons were inversely correlated with both weight gain and glucose intolerance in females only. These effects were robust in the dorsal hippocampus, which supports cognitive processes. Assessment of microglia in the dentate gyrus using immunofluorescence for Iba1 and CD68 uncovered sex-specific effects of diet, which may contribute to observed differences in neurogenesis. These findings demonstrate sex-specific effects of HF diet/metabolic disease on AHN, and highlight the potential for targeting neurogenic deficits to treat cognitive decline and reduce the risk of dementia associated with these conditions, particularly in females.
Collapse
|
28
|
Torres-Velázquez M, Sawin EA, Anderson JM, Yu JPJ. Refractory diet-dependent changes in neural microstructure: Implications for microstructural endophenotypes of neurologic and psychiatric disease. Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 58:148-155. [PMID: 30776455 PMCID: PMC6477923 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in gut microbiome populations via dietary manipulation have been shown to induce diet-dependent changes in white matter microstructure. The purpose of this study is to examine the durability of these diet-induced microstructural alterations. We implemented a crossover experimental design where post-weaned male rats were assigned to one of four experimental diets. Following the administration of experimental diets and again following crossover and resumption of a normal diet, brains were imaged ex-vivo with diffusion tensor imaging. Following standard image preprocessing, tract-based spatial statistics and region-of-interest measurements were then calculated for all diffusion tensor indices. Voxel-wise differences in FA were identified in the high fat diet group when compared to animals receiving a control diet. Following crossover, there were new voxel-wise changes in both FA and TR that do not correspond to the regions previously identified. Animals crossed over from the high fiber diet demonstrate widespread and global changes in the diffusion tensor that stand in stark contrast to the minimal changes identified before crossover. While no significant differences between any of the diffusion metrics were identified in the high protein group before crossover, statistically significant decreased RD values were observed following resumption of a normal diet. Diet-induced changes in neural microstructure are durable changes that are unrecoverable following the resumption of a normal diet. We further show that in certain experimental diets, resumption of a normal diet can lead to further marked and unanticipated changes in white matter microstructure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maribel Torres-Velázquez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Emily A Sawin
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Anderson
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - John-Paul J Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Neuroscience Training Program, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gültekin F, Nazıroğlu M, Savaş HB, Çiğ B. Calorie restriction protects against apoptosis, mitochondrial oxidative stress and increased calcium signaling through inhibition of TRPV1 channel in the hippocampus and dorsal root ganglion of rats. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:1761-1774. [PMID: 30014177 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0289-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The TRPV1 channel is activated in neurons by capsaicin, oxidative stress, acidic pH and heat factors, and these factors are attenuated by the antioxidant role of calorie restriction (CR). Hence, we investigated the hypothesis that the antioxidant roles of CR and food frequency (FF) may modulate TRPV1 activity and apoptosis through inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative stress in hippocampal (HIPPON) and dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGN). We investigated the contribution of FF and CR to neuronal injury and apoptosis through inhibition of TRPV1 in rats. We assigned rats to control, FF and FF + CR groups. A fixed amount of food ad libitum was supplemented to the control and FF groups for 20 weeks, respectively. FF + CR group were fed the same amount of food as the control group but with 20% less calories during the same period. In major results, TRPV1 currents, intracellular Ca2+ levels, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial depolarization, PARP-1 expression, caspase 3 and 9 activity and expression values were found to be increased in the HIPPON and DRGN following FF treatment, and these effects were decreased following FF + CR treatment. The FF-induced decrease in cell viability of HIPPO and DRGN, and vitamin E concentration of brain, glutathione peroxidase, vitamin A, and β-carotene values of the HIPPO, DRGN, plasma, liver and kidney were increased by FF + DR treatment, although lipid peroxidation levels in the same samples were decreased. In conclusion, CR reduces FF-induced increase of oxidative stress, apoptosis and Ca2+ entry through TRPV1 in the HIPPON and DRGN. Our findings may be relevant to the etiology and treatment of obesity following CR treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Gültekin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Nazıroğlu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Suleyman Demirel University, TR-32260, Isparta, Turkey.
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Hasan Basri Savaş
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Bilal Çiğ
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Maliković J, Feyissa DD, Hussein AM, Höger H, Lubec G, Korz V. Moderate Differences in Feeding Diets Largely Affect Motivation and Spatial Cognition in Adult and Aged but Less in Young Male Rats. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:249. [PMID: 30158866 PMCID: PMC6104161 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition can have significant effects on behavior and cognitive processes. Most of the studies related to this use extremely modified diets, such as high fat contents or the exclusion of distinct components needed for normal development and bodily homeostasis. Here we report significant effects of diets with moderate differences in compositions on food rewarded spatial learning in young (3–4 months), adult (6–7 months), and aged (17–18 months) rats. Young rats fed with a lower energy diet showed better performance only during aquisition of the spatial task when compared to rats fed with a standard diet. Adult rats (6–7 months) fed with a standard diet performed less well in the spatial learning task, than rats fed with lower energy diet. Aged rats fed with a lower energy diet (from 13 to 18 months of age) performed better during all training phases, as in a previous test when they were adult and fed with a standard diet. This difference could only be partly explained by lower motivation to search for food in the first test. Correspondingly, the variability of individual performance was significantly higher and increased over trials in adult rats fed with the standard diet as compared to adult rats fed with lower energy diet. Thus, moderate changes in feeding diets have large effects on motivation and cognition in elderly and less in young rats in a food rewarded spatial learning task. Therefore, nutrition effects upon food rewarded spatial learning and memory should be considered especially in aging studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Maliković
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel D Feyissa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ahmed M Hussein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Harald Höger
- Core Unit of Biomedical Research, Division of Laboratory Animal Science and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gert Lubec
- Department of Neuroproteomics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Volker Korz
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gut microbiome populations are associated with structure-specific changes in white matter architecture. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:6. [PMID: 29317592 PMCID: PMC5802560 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-017-0022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered gut microbiome populations are associated with a broad range of neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorder and mood disorders. In animal models, modulation of gut microbiome populations via dietary manipulation influences brain function and behavior and has been shown to ameliorate behavioral symptoms. With striking differences in microbiome-driven behavior, we explored whether these behavioral changes are also accompanied by corresponding changes in neural tissue microstructure. Utilizing diffusion tensor imaging, we identified global changes in white matter structural integrity occurring in a diet-dependent manner. Analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing of gut bacteria also showed changes in bacterial populations as a function of diet. Changes in brain structure were found to be associated with diet-dependent changes in gut microbiome populations using a machine learning classifier for quantitative assessment of the strength of microbiome-brain region associations. These associations allow us to further test our understanding of the gut-brain-microbiota axis by revealing possible links between altered and dysbiotic gut microbiome populations and changes in brain structure, highlighting the potential impact of diet and metagenomic effects in neuroimaging.
Collapse
|
32
|
Energy restriction in humans enhances adult hippocampal neurogenesis-associated memory and the longevity protein α-klotho. Proc Nutr Soc 2018. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665118001222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
33
|
Hadem IKH, Majaw T, Kharbuli B, Sharma R. Beneficial effects of dietary restriction in aging brain. J Chem Neuroanat 2017; 95:123-133. [PMID: 29031555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a multifactorial complex process that leads to the deterioration of biological functions wherein its underlying mechanism is not fully elucidated. It affects the organism at the molecular and cellular level that contributes to the deterioration of structural integrity of the organs. The central nervous system is the most vulnerable organ affected by aging and its effect is highly heterogeneous. Aging causes alteration in the structure, metabolism and physiology of the brain leading to impaired cognitive and motor-neural functions. Dietary restriction (DR), a robust mechanism that extends lifespan in various organisms, ameliorates brain aging by reducing oxidative stress, improving mitochondrial function, activating anti-inflammatory responses, promoting neurogenesis and increasing synaptic plasticity. It also protects and prevents age-related structural changes. DR alleviates many age-associated diseases including neurodegeneration and improves cognitive functions. DR inhibits/activates nutrient signaling cascades such as insulin/IGF-1, mTOR, AMPK and sirtuins. Because of its sensitivity to energy status and hormones, AMPK is considered as the global nutrient sensor. This review will present an elucidative potential role of dietary restriction in the prevention of phenotypic features during aging in brain and its diverse mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Teikur Majaw
- Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Babiangshisha Kharbuli
- Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Ramesh Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tzeng WY, Wu HH, Wang CY, Chen JC, Yu L, Cherng CG. Sex Differences in Stress and Group Housing Effects on the Number of Newly Proliferated Cells and Neuroblasts in Middle-Aged Dentate Gyrus. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 10:249. [PMID: 28119581 PMCID: PMC5220061 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in stress and coping responses have been frequently documented in aged people, while whether such differences in aged people may appear at the middle age are unknown. This study was undertaken to study the impact of acute stress and social interaction on early neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) and hippocampus-related memory in two sexes of middle-aged mice. The number of newly proliferated cells, neuroblasts in DG, the object recognition and location memory in 9-month-old male and female C57BL/6N mice were assessed under baseline conditions as well as following an acute stressor regimen and group housing. Three conspecific companions, serving as "the housing group," were used to model the social interaction throughout the stressor regimen. Males had lower numbers of newly proliferated cells and neuroblasts under baseline conditions as compared to females. The stressor regimen caused rapid decreases in the number of newly proliferated cells and neuroblasts in female DG but no obvious changes were observed in male DG. Group housing, regardless of companions' age, prevented the stress-induced decreases in the number of newly proliferated cells and neuroblasts in female DG. In contrast, the presence of young or age-matched companions potentiated the stress effect in males by decreasing the number of newly proliferated cells and neuroblasts. Finally, neither the stressor regimen nor group housing affected mouse performances in the object recognition and location memory in either sex. These findings, taken together, provide evidence to support a notion that middle-aged females appear to demonstrate more stress susceptibility on early neurogenesis in DG as compared to middle-aged males, although the hippocampus-related memory performances are comparable and not affected by stress in these males and females. Experiencing stress, middle-aged females are more prone to benefit from social interaction as compared to middle-aged males in this regard. We suggest, accordingly, that involving social interaction may afford a therapeutic advance in preventing stress-produced decreases in early neurogenesis in middle-aged females' DG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu Tzeng
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hua Wu
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Chung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lung Yu
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University College of MedicineTainan, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University College of MedicineTainan, Taiwan
| | - Chianfang G Cherng
- Department of Health Psychology, Chang Jung Christian University Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Scriba MF, Gasparini J, Jacquin L, Mettke-Hofmann C, Rattenborg NC, Roulin A. The effect of food quality during growth on spatial memory consolidation in adult pigeons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 220:573-581. [PMID: 27913599 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.152454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Poor environmental conditions experienced during early development can have negative long-term consequences on fitness. Animals can compensate for negative developmental effects through phenotypic plasticity by diverting resources from non-vital to vital traits such as spatial memory to enhance foraging efficiency. We tested in young feral pigeons (Columba livia) how diets of different nutritional value during development affect the capacity to retrieve food hidden in a spatially complex environment, a process we refer to as 'spatial memory'. Parents were fed with either high- or low-quality food from egg laying until young fledged, after which all young pigeons received the same high-quality diet until memory performance was tested at 6 months of age. The pigeons were trained to learn a food location out of 18 possible locations in one session, and then their memory of this location was tested 24 h later. Birds reared with the low-quality diet made fewer errors in the memory test. These results demonstrate that food quality during development has long-lasting effects on memory, with a moderate nutritional deficit improving spatial memory performance in a foraging context. It might be that under poor feeding conditions resources are redirected from non-vital to vital traits, or pigeons raised with low-quality food might be better in using environmental cues such as the position of the sun to find where food was hidden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M F Scriba
- Avian Sleep Group, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Eberhard-Gwinner-str.5, Seewiesen 82319, Germany .,Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - J Gasparini
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UPEC, Paris 7, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, Paris F-75005, France
| | - L Jacquin
- Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique (EDB), Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, UPS; CNRS; ENFA, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse 31062, France
| | - C Mettke-Hofmann
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - N C Rattenborg
- Avian Sleep Group, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Eberhard-Gwinner-str.5, Seewiesen 82319, Germany
| | - A Roulin
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wahl D, Cogger VC, Solon-Biet SM, Waern RVR, Gokarn R, Pulpitel T, Cabo RD, Mattson MP, Raubenheimer D, Simpson SJ, Le Couteur DG. Nutritional strategies to optimise cognitive function in the aging brain. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 31:80-92. [PMID: 27355990 PMCID: PMC5035589 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Old age is the greatest risk factor for most neurodegenerative diseases. During recent decades there have been major advances in understanding the biology of aging, and the development of nutritional interventions that delay aging including calorie restriction (CR) and intermittent fasting (IF), and chemicals that influence pathways linking nutrition and aging processes. CR influences brain aging in many animal models and recent findings suggest that dietary interventions can influence brain health and dementia in older humans. The role of individual macronutrients in brain aging also has been studied, with conflicting results about the effects of dietary protein and carbohydrates. A new approach known as the Geometric Framework (GF) has been used to unravel the complex interactions between macronutrients (protein, fat, and carbohydrate) and total energy on outcomes such as aging. These studies have shown that low-protein, high-carbohydrate (LPHC) diets are optimal for lifespan in ad libitum fed animals, while total calories have minimal effect once macronutrients are taken into account. One of the primary purposes of this review is to explore the notion that macronutrients may have a more translational potential than CR and IF in humans, and therefore there is a pressing need to use GF to study the impact of diet on brain aging. Furthermore, given the growing recognition of the role of aging biology in dementia, such studies might provide a new approach for dietary interventions for optimizing brain health and preventing dementia in older people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devin Wahl
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006 Australia; Aging and Alzheimers Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Clinical School/Sydney Medical School, Concord, 2139 Australia
| | - Victoria C Cogger
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006 Australia; Aging and Alzheimers Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Clinical School/Sydney Medical School, Concord, 2139 Australia
| | - Samantha M Solon-Biet
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006 Australia; Aging and Alzheimers Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Clinical School/Sydney Medical School, Concord, 2139 Australia
| | - Rosilene V R Waern
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006 Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Rahul Gokarn
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006 Australia; Aging and Alzheimers Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Clinical School/Sydney Medical School, Concord, 2139 Australia
| | - Tamara Pulpitel
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006 Australia
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006 Australia; Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006 Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - David G Le Couteur
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006 Australia; Aging and Alzheimers Institute, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Clinical School/Sydney Medical School, Concord, 2139 Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Welbat JU, Sangrich P, Sirichoat A, Chaisawang P, Chaijaroonkhanarak W, Prachaney P, Pannangrong W, Wigmore P. Fluoxetine prevents the memory deficits and reduction in hippocampal cell proliferation caused by valproic acid. J Chem Neuroanat 2016; 78:112-118. [PMID: 27619060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA), a commonly used antiepileptic drug, has been reported to cause cognitive impairments in patients. In a previous study, using a rodent model, we showed that VPA treatment impaired cognition which was associated with a reduction in the cell proliferation required for hippocampal neurogenesis. The antidepressant fluoxetine has been shown to increase hippocampal neurogenesis and to reverse the memory deficits found in a number of pathological conditions. In the present study we investigated the protective effects of fluoxetine treatment against the impairments in memory and hippocampal cell proliferation produced by VPA. Male Sprague Dawley rats received daily treatment with fluoxetine (10mg/kg) by oral gavage for 21days. Some rats were co-administered with VPA (300mg/kg, twice daily i.p. injections) for 14days from day 8 to day 21 of the fluoxetine treatment. Spatial memory was tested using the novel object location (NOL) test. The number of proliferating cells present in the sub granular zone of the dentate gyrus was quantified using Ki67 immunohistochemistry at the end of the experiment. Levels of the receptor Notch1, the neurotrophic factor BDNF and the neural differentiation marker DCX were determined by Western blotting. VPA-treated rats showed memory deficits, a decrease in the number of proliferating cells in the sub granular zone and decreases in the levels of Notch1 and BDNF but not DCX compared to control animals. These changes in behavior, cell proliferation and Notch1 and BDNF were prevented in animals which had received both VPA and fluoxetine. Rats receiving fluoxetine alone did not show a significant difference in the number of proliferating cells or behavior compared to controls. These results demonstrated that the spatial memory deficits and reduction of cell proliferation produced by VPA can be ameliorated by the simultaneous administration of the antidepressant fluoxetine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jariya Umka Welbat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Neuroscience Research and Development Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Preeyanuch Sangrich
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Apiwat Sirichoat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Pornthip Chaisawang
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | | | - Parichat Prachaney
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wanassanun Pannangrong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Peter Wigmore
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Rogers GB, Keating DJ, Young RL, Wong ML, Licinio J, Wesselingh S. From gut dysbiosis to altered brain function and mental illness: mechanisms and pathways. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:738-48. [PMID: 27090305 PMCID: PMC4879184 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 588] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The human body hosts an enormous abundance and diversity of microbes, which perform a range of essential and beneficial functions. Our appreciation of the importance of these microbial communities to many aspects of human physiology has grown dramatically in recent years. We know, for example, that animals raised in a germ-free environment exhibit substantially altered immune and metabolic function, while the disruption of commensal microbiota in humans is associated with the development of a growing number of diseases. Evidence is now emerging that, through interactions with the gut-brain axis, the bidirectional communication system between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract, the gut microbiome can also influence neural development, cognition and behaviour, with recent evidence that changes in behaviour alter gut microbiota composition, while modifications of the microbiome can induce depressive-like behaviours. Although an association between enteropathy and certain psychiatric conditions has long been recognized, it now appears that gut microbes represent direct mediators of psychopathology. Here, we examine roles of gut microbiome in shaping brain development and neurological function, and the mechanisms by which it can contribute to mental illness. Further, we discuss how the insight provided by this new and exciting field of research can inform care and provide a basis for the design of novel, microbiota-targeted, therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G B Rogers
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Infection and Immunity Theme, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - D J Keating
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Centre for Neuroscience and Department of Human Physiology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - R L Young
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - M-L Wong
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Mind and Brain Theme, and Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - J Licinio
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Mind and Brain Theme, and Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - S Wesselingh
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Infection and Immunity Theme, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Valero J, Paris I, Sierra A. Lifestyle Shapes the Dialogue between Environment, Microglia, and Adult Neurogenesis. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:442-53. [PMID: 26971802 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle modulates brain function. Diet, stress levels, and physical exercise among other factors influence the "brain cognitive reserve", that is, the capacity of the brain to maintain a normal function when confronting neurodegenerative diseases, injury, and/or aging. This cognitive reserve relays on several cellular and molecular elements that contribute to brain plasticity allowing adaptive responses to cognitive demands, and one of its key components is the hippocampal neurogenic reserve. Hippocampal neural stem cells give rise to new neurons that integrate into the local circuitry and contribute to hippocampal functions such as memory and learning. Importantly, adult hippocampal neurogenesis is well-known to be modulated by the demands of the environment and lifestyle factors. Diet, stress, and physical exercise directly act on neural stem cells and/or their progeny, but, in addition, they may also indirectly affect neurogenesis by acting on microglia. Microglia, the guardians of the brain, rapidly sense changes in the brain milieu, and it has been recently shown that their function is affected by lifestyle factors. However, few studies have analyzed the modulatory effect of microglia on adult neurogenesis in these conditions. Here, we review the current knowledge about the dialogue maintained between microglia and the hippocampal neurogenic cascade. Understanding how the communication between microglia and hippocampal neurogenesis is affected by lifestyle choices is crucial to maintain the brain cognitive reserve and prevent the maladaptive responses that emerge during disease or injury through adulthood and aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Valero
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, E-48170 Zamudio, Bizkaia Spain
- Ikerbasque Foundation, E-48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Iñaki Paris
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, E-48170 Zamudio, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Amanda Sierra
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, E-48170 Zamudio, Bizkaia Spain
- Ikerbasque Foundation, E-48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia Spain
- University of the Basque Country EHU/UPV, E-48940 Leioa, Bizkaia Spain
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nesfatin-1, a potent anorexic agent, decreases exploration and induces anxiety-like behavior in rats without altering learning or memory. Brain Res 2015; 1629:171-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|