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Sakamoto E, Kitase Y, Fitt AJ, Zhu Z, Awad K, Brotto M, White KE, Welc SS, Bergwitz C, Bonewald LF. Both enantiomers of β-aminoisobutyric acid BAIBA regulate Fgf23 via MRGPRD receptor by activating distinct signaling pathways in osteocytes. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114397. [PMID: 38935499 PMCID: PMC11350516 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
With exercise, muscle and bone produce factors with beneficial effects on brain, fat, and other organs. Exercise in mice increased fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), urine phosphate, and the muscle metabolite L-β-aminoisobutyric acid (L-BAIBA), suggesting that L-BAIBA may play a role in phosphate metabolism. Here, we show that L-BAIBA increases in serum with exercise and elevates Fgf23 in osteocytes. The D enantiomer, described to be elevated with exercise in humans, can also induce Fgf23 but through a delayed, indirect process via sclerostin. The two enantiomers both signal through the same receptor, Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor type D, but activate distinct signaling pathways; L-BAIBA increases Fgf23 through Gαs/cAMP/PKA/CBP/β-catenin and Gαq/PKC/CREB, whereas D-BAIBA increases Fgf23 indirectly through sclerostin via Gαi/NF-κB. In vivo, both enantiomers increased Fgf23 in bone in parallel with elevated urinary phosphate excretion. Thus, exercise-induced increases in BAIBA and FGF23 work together to maintain phosphate homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eijiro Sakamoto
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yukiko Kitase
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Alexander J Fitt
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Zewu Zhu
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Kamal Awad
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, University of Texas-Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Marco Brotto
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, University of Texas-Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Kenneth E White
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Steven S Welc
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Clemens Bergwitz
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Lynda F Bonewald
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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2
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Ge X, Weis K, Raetzman L. Glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 (GPHA2): A pituitary stem cell-expressed gene associated with NOTCH2 signaling. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 586:112163. [PMID: 38246572 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
NOTCH2 is expressed in pituitary stem cells and is necessary for stem cell maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation. However, the pathways NOTCH2 engages to affect pituitary development remain unclear. In this study, we hypothesized that glycoprotein hormone subunit A2 (GPHA2), a corneal stem cell factor and ligand for the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), is downstream of NOTCH2 signaling. We found Gpha2 is expressed in quiescent pituitary stem cells by RNAscope in situ hybridization and scRNA seq. In Notch2 conditional knockout pituitaries, Gpha2 mRNA is reduced compared with control littermates. We then investigated the possible functions of GPHA2. Pituitaries treated with a GPHA2 peptide do not have a change in proliferation. However, in dissociated adult pituitary cells, GPHA2 increased pCREB expression and this induction was reversed by co-treatment with a TSHR inhibitor. These data suggest GPHA2 is a NOTCH2 related stem cell factor that activates TSHR signaling, potentially impacting pituitary development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyu Ge
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 524 Burrill Hall, 407 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Karen Weis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 524 Burrill Hall, 407 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Lori Raetzman
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 524 Burrill Hall, 407 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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3
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Sharma B, Koren DT, Ghosh S. Nitric oxide modulates NMDA receptor through a negative feedback mechanism and regulates the dynamical behavior of neuronal postsynaptic components. Biophys Chem 2023; 303:107114. [PMID: 37832215 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.107114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is known to be an important regulator of neurological processes in the central nervous system which acts directly on the presynaptic neuron and enhances the release of neurotransmitters like glutamate into the synaptic cleft. Calcium influx activates a cascade of biochemical reactions to influence the production of nitric oxide in the postsynaptic neuron. This has been modeled in the present work as a system of ordinary differential equations, to explore the dynamics of the interacting components and predict the dynamical behavior of the postsynaptic neuron. It has been hypothesized that nitric oxide modulates the NMDA receptor via a feedback mechanism and regulates the dynamic behavior of postsynaptic components. Results obtained by numerical analyses indicate that the biochemical system is stimulus-dependent and shows oscillations of calcium and other components within a limited range of concentration. Some of the parameters such as stimulus strength, extracellular calcium concentration, and rate of nitric oxide feedback are crucial for the dynamics of the components in the postsynaptic neuron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | | | - Subhendu Ghosh
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India.
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4
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Uchiyama H, Matsutani S, Ohno H, Yamaoka S, Mizokami T, Sugimoto S, Hirashima Y. Bipolar cells containing protein kinase Cα mediate attentional facilitation of the avian retinal ganglion cells by the retinopetal signal. J Comp Neurol 2023. [PMID: 37130818 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Birds have a well-developed retinopetal system projecting from the midbrain to the contralateral retina. The signal sent to the retina through the retinopetal system facilitates visual responses of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), and the retinopetal signals function as attentional signals during visual search. Thus, the retinopetal signal somehow reaches and facilitates visual responses of the RGCs. However, the tertiary neuron of the retinopetal system, the isthmo-optic target cell (IOTC), is unlikely to contact most RGCs directly, because the IOTCs form axon terminals localized in the outermost sublayer (lamina 1) of the inner plexiform layer (IPL) where few RGC dendrites terminate. Therefore, some other intrinsic retinal neurons must be involved in the centrifugal attentional enhancement of visual responses of the RGCs. We investigated connections of the target cells of the IOTCs in chicken and quail, using light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry. We show that axon terminals of the IOTC make synaptic contacts with protein kinase Cα (PKCα)-immunoreactive (ir) bipolar cells (PKCα-BCs) in lamina 1 of the IPL. Furthermore, with prolonged electrical stimulation of the isthmo-optic nucleus (ION) on one side, whose neurons send their axons to the contralateral retina and make synaptic contacts there with IOTCs, phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein was observed in the PKCα-BCs in the contralateral retina, but not in the ipsilateral retina. This suggests that electrical stimulation of ION activated PKCα-BCs through synapses from IOTCs to PKCα-BCs, thus stimulating transcription in PKCα-BCs. Thus, centrifugal attentional signals may facilitate visual responses of RGCs via the PKCα-BCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Uchiyama
- Department of Information Science and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsutani
- Department of Functional Morphology, School of Nursing, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- Department of Information Science and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Seiya Yamaoka
- Department of Information Science and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takuya Mizokami
- Department of Information Science and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shiho Sugimoto
- Department of Information Science and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Hirashima
- Department of Information Science and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Alan E, Kerry Z, Sevin G. Molecular mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease: From therapeutic targets to promising drugs. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2022; 37:397-427. [PMID: 36576325 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive impairment so widespread that it interferes with a person's ability to complete daily activities. AD is becoming increasingly common, and it is estimated that the number of patients will reach 152 million by 2050. Current treatment options for AD are symptomatic and have modest benefits. Therefore, considering the human, social, and economic burden of the disease, the development of drugs with the potential to alter disease progression has become a global priority. In this review, the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathology of AD were evaluated as therapeutic targets. The main aim of the review is to focus on new knowledge about mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuronal transmission in AD, as well as a range of cellular signaling mechanisms and associated treatments. Important molecular interactions leading to AD were described in amyloid cascade and in tau protein function, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, cholinergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission, cAMP-regulatory element-binding protein (CREB), the silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT-1), neuroinflammation (glial cells), and synaptic alterations. This review summarizes recent experimental and clinical research in AD pathology and analyzes the potential of therapeutic applications based on molecular disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Alan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Kerry
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gulnur Sevin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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6
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Barman B, Kushwaha A, Thakur MK. Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors-Mediated Activation of PKC Restores the Hippocampal Immediate Early Gene Expression and CREB Phosphorylation in Scopolamine-Induced Amnesic Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:5722-5733. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02940-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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7
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Li Y, Chen W, Deng H, Li T, Liu Z, Liu X, Zhang Z, Chen X, Sheng J, Li K. TGF-β1 Protects Trauma-injured Murine Cortical Neurons by Upregulating L-type Calcium Channel Ca v1.2 via the p38 Pathway. Neuroscience 2022; 492:47-57. [PMID: 35460836 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of disability and death in adolescents, and there is a lack of effective methods of treatment. The neuroprotective effects exerted by TGF-β1 can ameliorate a range of neuronal lesions in multiple central nervous system diseases. In this study, we used an in-vitro TBI model of mechanical injury on murine primary cortical neurons and the neuro-2a cell line to investigate the neuroprotective role played by TGF-β1 in cortical neurons in TBI. Our results showed that TGF-β1 significantly increased neuronal viability and inhibited apoptosis for 24 h after trauma. The expression of Cav1.2, an L-type calcium channel (LTCC) isoform, decreased significantly after trauma injury, and this change was reversed by TGF-β1. Nimodipine, a classic LTCC blocker, abolished the protective effect of TGF-β1 on trauma-induced neuronal apoptosis. The knockdown of Cav1.2 in differentiated neuro-2a cells significantly inhibited the anti-apoptosis effect of TGF-β1 exerted on injured neuro-2a cells. Moreover, TGF-β1 rescued and enhanced the trauma-suppressed neuro-2a intracellular Ca2+ concentration, while the effect of TGF-β1 was partially inhibited by nimodipine. TGF-β1 significantly upregulated the expression of Cav1.2 by activating the p38 MAPK pathway and by inhibiting trauma-induced neuronal apoptosis. In conclusion, TGF-β1 increased trauma-injured murine cortical neuronal activity and inhibited apoptosis by upregulating Cav1.2 channels via activating the p38 MAPK pathway. Therefore, the TGF-β1/p38 MAPK/Cav 1.2 pathway has the potential to be used as a novel therapeutic target for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huixiong Deng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zhenning Liu
- Department of Laboratory, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, China
| | - Xueer Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zelin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jiangtao Sheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Kangsheng Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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Chávez J, Alcántara-Alonso V, García-Luna C, Soberanes-Chávez P, Grammatopoulos D, de Gortari P. Hypothalamic TRH mediates anorectic effects of serotonin in rats. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0077-22.2022. [PMID: 35545425 PMCID: PMC9159524 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0077-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the modulatory functions of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), an anorectic behavior in rodents is observed when centrally injected. Hypothalamic PVN neurons receive serotonergic inputs from dorsal raphe nucleus and express serotonin (5HT) receptors such as 5HT1A, 5HT2A/2C, 5HT6, which are involved in 5HT-induced feeding regulation. Rats subjected to dehydration-induced anorexia (DIA) model show increased PVN TRH mRNA expression, associated with their decreased food intake. We analyzed whether 5HT input is implicated in the enhanced PVN TRH transcription that anorectic rats exhibit, given that 5HT increases TRH expression and release when studied in vitro By using mHypoA-2/30 hypothalamic cell cultures, we found that 5HT stimulated TRH mRNA, pCREB and pERK1/2 levels. By inhibiting basal PKA or PKC activities or those induced by 5HT, pCREB or pERK1/2 content did not increase suggesting involvement of both kinases in their phosphorylation. 5HT effect on TRH mRNA was not affected by PKA inhibition, but it diminished in the presence of PKCi suggesting involvement of PKC in 5HT-induced TRH increased transcription. This likely involves 5HT2A/2C and the activation of alternative transduction pathways than those studied here. In agreement with the in vitro data, we found that injecting 5HT2A/2C antagonists into the PVN of DIA rats reversed the increased TRH expression of anorectic animals, as well as their decreased food intake; also, the agonist reduced food intake of hungry restricted animals along with elevated PVN TRH mRNA levels. Our results support that the anorectic effects of serotonin are mediated by PVN TRH in this model.Significance statementInteraction between brain peptides and neurotransmitters' pathways regulates feeding behavior, but when altered it could lead to the development of eating disorders, such as anorexia. An abnormal increased TRH expression in hypothalamic PVN results in dehydration-induced anorectic rats, associated to their low food intake. The role of neurotransmitters in that alteration is unknown, and since serotonin inhibits feeding and has receptors in PVN, we analyzed its participation in increasing TRH expression and reducing feeding in anorectic rats. By antagonizing PVN serotonin receptors in anorectic rats, we identify decreased TRH expression and increased feeding, suggesting that the anorectic effects of serotonin are mediated by PVN TRH. Elucidating brain networks involved in feeding regulation would help to design therapies for eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Chávez
- Molecular Neurophysiology laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, National Institute of Psychiatry "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico 14370
| | - Viridiana Alcántara-Alonso
- Molecular Neurophysiology laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, National Institute of Psychiatry "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico 14370
- Translational Medicine, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, United Kingdom CV4 7HL
| | - Cinthia García-Luna
- Molecular Neurophysiology laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, National Institute of Psychiatry "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico 14370
| | - Paulina Soberanes-Chávez
- Molecular Neurophysiology laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, National Institute of Psychiatry "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico 14370
| | - Dimitris Grammatopoulos
- Translational Medicine, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, United Kingdom CV4 7HL
- Institute of Precision Diagnostics and Translational Medicine, Division of Pathology, UHCW NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom CV2 2DX
| | - Patricia de Gortari
- Molecular Neurophysiology laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, National Institute of Psychiatry "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico 14370.
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Liu C, Zhao H, Ji ZH, Yu XY. Hyperhomocysteinemia Induces Rat Memory Impairment Via Injuring Hippocampal CA3 Neurons and Downregulating cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein (CREB) Phosphorylation. Neurochem Res 2021; 47:762-767. [PMID: 34787820 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03485-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Accumulated evidence demonstrated that an elevated plasma homocysteine level, hyperhomocysteinemia, induced cognitive impairment in animals, elderly and the patients with neurodegenerative diseases. To date, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms by which hyperhomocysteinemia induces cognitive impairment has not been clearly defined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible cellular and molecular mechanisms behind hyperhomocysteinemia signaling in rat memory impairment. The results from this study demonstrated that hyperhomocysteinemia induced neuronal damage and loss in hippocampal CA3 region and downregulated the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation. The findings of this study provide evidence that hyperhomocysteinemia induces rat memory impairment via injuring hippocampal CA3 neurons and downregulating CREB phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hong Ji
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yu Yu
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Ivanova MA, Kokorina AD, Timofeeva PD, Karelina TV, Abushik PA, Stepanenko JD, Sibarov DA, Antonov SM. Calcium Export from Neurons and Multi-Kinase Signaling Cascades Contribute to Ouabain Neuroprotection in Hyperhomocysteinemia. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10081104. [PMID: 32722349 PMCID: PMC7464744 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological homocysteine (HCY) accumulation in the human plasma, known as hyperhomocysteinemia, exacerbates neurodegenerative diseases because, in the brain, this amino acid acts as a persistent N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor agonist. We studied the effects of 0.1–1 nM ouabain on intracellular Ca2+ signaling, mitochondrial inner membrane voltage (φmit), and cell viability in primary cultures of rat cortical neurons in glutamate and HCY neurotoxic insults. In addition, apoptosis-related protein expression and the involvement of some kinases in ouabain-mediated effects were evaluated. In short insults, HCY was less potent than glutamate as a neurotoxic agent and induced a 20% loss of φmit, whereas glutamate caused a 70% decrease of this value. Subnanomolar ouabain exhibited immediate and postponed neuroprotective effects on neurons. (1) Ouabain rapidly reduced the Ca2+ overload of neurons and loss of φmit evoked by glutamate and HCY that rescued neurons in short insults. (2) In prolonged 24 h excitotoxic insults, ouabain prevented neuronal apoptosis, triggering proteinkinase A and proteinkinase C dependent intracellular neuroprotective cascades for HCY, but not for glutamate. We, therefore, demonstrated here the role of PKC and PKA involving pathways in neuronal survival caused by ouabain in hyperhomocysteinemia, which suggests existence of different appropriate pharmacological treatment for hyperhomocysteinemia and glutamate excitotoxicity.
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11
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Lee JE, Kwon HJ, Choi J, Han PL. Stress-Induced Epigenetic Changes in Hippocampal Mkp-1 Promote Persistent Depressive Behaviors. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:8537-8556. [PMID: 31267372 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01689-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress induces persistent depressive behaviors. Stress-induced transcriptional alteration over the homeostatic range in stress hormone-sensitive brain regions is believed to underlie long-lasting depressive behaviors. However, the detailed mechanisms by which chronic stress causes those adaptive changes are not clearly understood. In the present study, we investigated whether epigenetic changes regulate stress-induced depressive behaviors. We found that chronic stress in mice downregulates the epigenetic factors HDAC2 and SUV39H1 in the hippocampus. A series of follow-up analyses including ChIP assay and siRNA-mediated functional analyses reveal that glucocorticoids released by stress cumulatively increase Mkp-1 expression in the hippocampus, and increased Mkp-1 then debilitates p-CREB and PPARγ, which in turn suppress the epigenetic factors HDAC2 and SUV39H1. Furthermore, HDAC2 and SUV39H1 normally suppress the transcription of the Mkp-1, and therefore the reduced expression of HDAC2 and SUV39H1 increases Mkp-1 expression. Accordingly, repeated stress progressively strengthens a vicious cycle of the Mkp-1 signaling cascade that facilitates depressive behaviors. These results suggest that the hippocampal stress adaptation system comprising HDAC2/SUV39H1-regulated Mkp-1 signaling network determines the vulnerability to chronic stress and the maintenance of depressive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Eun Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 11-1 Daehyun-Dong, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Kwon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 11-1 Daehyun-Dong, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Juli Choi
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 11-1 Daehyun-Dong, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyung-Lim Han
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 11-1 Daehyun-Dong, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
- Brain Disease Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Yancu D, Vaillancourt C, Sanderson JT. Evaluating the effects on steroidogenesis of estragole and trans-anethole in a feto-placental co-culture model. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 498:110583. [PMID: 31536780 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we determined whether estragole and its isomer trans-anethole interfered with feto-placental steroidogenesis in a human co-culture model composed of fetal-like adrenocortical (H295R) and placental trophoblast-like (BeWo) cells. Estragole and trans-anethole are considered the biologically active compounds within basil and fennel seed essential oils, respectively. After a 24 h exposure of the co-culture to 2.5, 5.2 and 25 μM estragole or trans-anethole, hormone concentrations of estradiol, estrone, dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione, progesterone and estriol were significantly increased. Using RT-qPCR, estragole and trans-anethole were shown to significantly alter the expression of several key steroidogenic enzymes, such as those involved in cholesterol transport and steroid hormone biosynthesis, including StAR, CYP11A1, HSD3B1/2, SULT2A1, and HSD17B1, -4, and -5. Furthermore, we provided mechanistic insight into the ability of estragole and trans-anethole to stimulate promoter-specific expression of CYP19 through activation of the PKA pathway in H295R cells and the PKC pathway in BeWo cells, in both cases associated with increased cAMP levels. Moreover, we show new evidence suggesting a role for progesterone in regulating steroid hormone biosynthesis through regulation of the StAR gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie Yancu
- INRS - Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada.
| | - Cathy Vaillancourt
- INRS - Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - J Thomas Sanderson
- INRS - Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada.
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13
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Pagliaroli L, Widomska J, Nespoli E, Hildebrandt T, Barta C, Glennon J, Hengerer B, Poelmans G. Riluzole Attenuates L-DOPA-Induced Abnormal Involuntary Movements Through Decreasing CREB1 Activity: Insights from a Rat Model. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:5111-5121. [PMID: 30484112 PMCID: PMC6647536 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1433-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic administration of L-DOPA, the first-line treatment of dystonic symptoms in childhood or in Parkinson's disease, often leads to the development of abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs), which represent an important clinical problem. Although it is known that Riluzole attenuates L-DOPA-induced AIMs, the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect are not understood. Therefore, we studied the behavior and performed RNA sequencing of the striatum in three groups of rats that all received a unilateral lesion with 6-hydroxydopamine in their medial forebrain bundle, followed by the administration of saline, L-DOPA, or L-DOPA combined with Riluzole. First, we provide evidence that Riluzole attenuates AIMs in this rat model. Subsequently, analysis of the transcriptomics data revealed that Riluzole is predicted to reduce the activity of CREB1, a transcription factor that regulates the expression of multiple proteins that interact in a molecular landscape involved in apoptosis. Although this mechanism underlying the beneficial effect of Riluzole on AIMs needs to be confirmed, it provides clues towards novel or existing compounds for the treatment of AIMs that modulate the activity of CREB1 and, hence, its downstream targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pagliaroli
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Joanna Widomska
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ester Nespoli
- CNS Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tobias Hildebrandt
- Target Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Csaba Barta
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jeffrey Glennon
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bastian Hengerer
- CNS Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Geert Poelmans
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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The Possible Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis considering MUC5B. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9712464. [PMID: 31309122 PMCID: PMC6594326 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9712464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Overexpression of the MUC5B protein is associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), but little information is available regarding the pathogenic effects and regulatory mechanisms of overexpressed MUC5B in IPF. Main Body The overexpression of MUC5B in terminal bronchi and honeycomb cysts produces mucosal host defensive dysfunction in the distal airway which may play an important role in the development of IPF. This review addresses the possible association of overexpression of MUC5B, with MUC5B promoter polymorphism, MUC5B gene epigenetic changes, effects of some transcriptional factors, and inflammatory mediators in IPF. In addition, the associated signaling pathways which may influence the expression of MUC5B are also discussed. Conclusion This work has important implications for further exploration of the mechanisms of overexpression of MUC5B in IPF, and future personalized treatment.
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15
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McClatchy DB, Yu NK, Martínez-Bartolomé S, Patel R, Pelletier AR, Lavalle-Adam M, Powell SB, Roberto M, Yates JR. Structural Analysis of Hippocampal Kinase Signal Transduction. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:3072-3085. [PMID: 30053369 PMCID: PMC6374210 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinases are a major clinical target for human diseases. Identifying the proteins that interact with kinases in vivo will provide information on unreported substrates and will potentially lead to more specific methods for therapeutic kinase regulation. Here, endogenous immunoprecipitations of evolutionally distinct kinases (i.e., Akt, ERK2, and CAMK2) from rodent hippocampi were analyzed by mass spectrometry to generate three highly confident kinase protein-protein interaction networks. Proteins of similar function were identified in the networks, suggesting a universal model for kinase signaling complexes. Protein interactions were observed between kinases with reported symbiotic relationships. The kinase networks were significantly enriched in genes associated with specific neurodevelopmental disorders providing novel structural connections between these disease-associated genes. To demonstrate a functional relationship between the kinases and the network, pharmacological manipulation of Akt in hippocampal slices was shown to regulate the activity of potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel(HCN1), which was identified in the Akt network. Overall, the kinase protein-protein interaction networks provide molecular insight of the spatial complexity of in vivo kinase signal transduction which is required to achieve the therapeutic potential of kinase manipulation in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B McClatchy
- Department of Molecular Medicine , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Nam-Kyung Yu
- Department of Molecular Medicine , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Salvador Martínez-Bartolomé
- Department of Molecular Medicine , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Reesha Patel
- Department of Neuroscience , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Alexander R Pelletier
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , ON K1H 8M5 , Canada
| | - Mathieu Lavalle-Adam
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , ON K1H 8M5 , Canada
| | - Susan B Powell
- Department of Psychiatry , UCSD , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Marisa Roberto
- Department of Neuroscience , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
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16
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Gonzalez AA, Salinas-Parra N, Leach D, Navar LG, Prieto MC. PGE 2 upregulates renin through E-prostanoid receptor 1 via PKC/cAMP/CREB pathway in M-1 cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 313:F1038-F1049. [PMID: 28701311 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00194.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During the early phase of ANG II-dependent hypertension, tubular PGE2 is increased. Renin synthesis and secretion in the collecting duct (CD) are upregulated by ANG II, contributing to further intratubular ANG II formation. However, what happens first and whether the triggering mechanism is independent of tubular ANG II remain unknown. PGE2 stimulates renin synthesis in juxtaglomerular cells via E-prostanoid (EP) receptors through the cAMP/cAMP-responsive element-binding (CREB) pathway. EP receptors are also expressed in the CD. Here, we tested the hypothesis that renin is upregulated by PGE2 in CD cells. The M-1 CD cell line expressed EP1, EP3, and EP4 but not EP2. Dose-response experiments, in the presence of ANG II type 1 receptor blockade with candesartan, demonstrated that 10-6 M PGE2 maximally increases renin mRNA (approximately 4-fold) and prorenin/renin protein levels (approximately 2-fold). This response was prevented by micromolar doses of SC-19220 (EP1 antagonist), attenuated by the EP4 antagonist, L-161982, and exacerbated by the highly selective EP3 antagonist, L-798106 (~10-fold increase). To evaluate further the signaling pathway involved, we used the PKC inhibitor calphostin C and transfections with PKCα dominant negative. Both strategies blunted the PGE2-induced increases in cAMP levels, CREB phosphorylation, and augmentation of renin. Knockdown of the EP1 receptor and CREB also prevented renin upregulation. These results indicate that PGE2 increases CD renin expression through the EP1 receptor via the PKC/cAMP/CREB pathway. Therefore, we conclude that during the early stages of ANG II-dependent hypertension, there is augmentation of PGE2 that stimulates renin in the CD, resulting in increased tubular ANG II formation and further stimulation of renin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis A Gonzalez
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile;
| | - Nicolas Salinas-Parra
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Dan Leach
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; and
| | - L Gabriel Navar
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; and.,Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Minolfa C Prieto
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; and.,Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
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17
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Vogel EW, Morales FN, Meaney DF, Bass CR, Morrison B. Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibition restored hippocampal long term potentiation after primary blast. Exp Neurol 2017; 293:91-100. [PMID: 28366471 PMCID: PMC6016024 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Due to recent military conflicts and terrorist attacks, blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) presents a health concern for military and civilian personnel alike. Although secondary blast (penetrating injury) and tertiary blast (inertia-driven brain deformation) are known to be injurious, the effects of primary blast caused by the supersonic shock wave interacting with the skull and brain remain debated. Our group previously reported that in vitro primary blast exposure reduced long-term potentiation (LTP), the electrophysiological correlate of learning and memory, in rat organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs) and that primary blast affects key proteins governing LTP. Recent studies have investigated phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for reducing LTP deficits following inertia-driven TBI. We investigated the therapeutic potential of PDE4 inhibitors, specifically roflumilast, to ameliorate primary blast-induced deficits in LTP. We found that roflumilast at concentrations of 1nM or greater prevented deficits in neuronal plasticity measured 24h post-injury. We also observed a therapeutic window of at least 6h, but <23h. Additionally, we investigated molecular mechanisms that could elucidate this therapeutic effect. Roflumilast treatment (1nM delivered 6h post-injury) significantly increased total AMPA glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1) subunit expression, phosphorylation of the GluR1 subunit at the serine-831 site, and phosphorylation of stargazin at the serine-239/240 site upon LTP induction, measured 24h following injury. Roflumilast treatment significantly increased PSD-95 regardless of LTP induction. These findings indicate that further investigation into the translation of PDE4 inhibition as a therapy following bTBI is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward W Vogel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Fatima N Morales
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - David F Meaney
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Cameron R Bass
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Barclay Morrison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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18
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Caioli S, Severini C, Ciotti T, Florenzano F, Pimpinella D, Petrocchi Passeri P, Balboni G, Polisca P, Lattanzi R, Nisticò R, Negri L, Zona C. Prokineticin system modulation as a new target to counteract the amyloid beta toxicity induced by glutamatergic alterations in an in vitro model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 2017; 116:82-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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19
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Rivera-Ramírez N, Montejo-López W, López-Méndez MC, Guerrero-Hernández A, Molina-Hernández A, García-Hernández U, Arias-Montaño JA. Histamine H3 receptor activation stimulates calcium mobilization in a subpopulation of rat striatal neurons in primary culture, but not in synaptosomes. Neurochem Int 2016; 101:38-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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20
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Brito R, Pereira-Figueiredo D, Socodato R, Paes-de-Carvalho R, Calaza KC. Caffeine exposure alters adenosine system and neurochemical markers during retinal development. J Neurochem 2016; 138:557-70. [PMID: 27221759 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Evidence points to beneficial properties of caffeine in the adult central nervous system, but teratogenic effects have also been reported. Caffeine exerts most of its effects by antagonizing adenosine receptors, especially A1 and A2A subtypes. In this study, we evaluated the role of caffeine on the expression of components of the adenosinergic system in the developing avian retina and the impact of caffeine exposure upon specific markers for classical neurotransmitter systems. Caffeine exposure (5-30 mg/kg by in ovo injection) to 14-day-old chick embryos increased the expression of A1 receptors and concomitantly decreased A2A adenosine receptors expression after 48 h. Accordingly, caffeine (30 mg/kg) increased [(3) H]-8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (A1 antagonist) binding and reduced [(3) H]-ZM241385 (A2A antagonist) binding. The caffeine time-response curve demonstrated a reduction in A1 receptors 6 h after injection, but an increase after 18 and 24 h. In contrast, caffeine exposure increased the expression of A2A receptors from 18 and 24 h. Kinetic assays of [(3) H]-S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine binding to the equilibrative adenosine transporter ENT1 revealed an increase in Bmax with no changes in Kd , an effect accompanied by an increase in adenosine uptake. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a decrease in retinal content of tyrosine hydroxylase, calbindin and choline acetyltransferase, but not Brn3a, after 48 h of caffeine injection. Furthermore, retinas exposed to caffeine had increased levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase and cAMP-response element binding protein. Overall, we show an in vivo regulation of the adenosine system, extracellular signal-regulated kinase and cAMP-response element binding protein function and protein expression of specific neurotransmitter systems by caffeine in the developing retina. The beneficial or maleficent effects of caffeine have been demonstrated by the work of different studies. It is known that during animal development, caffeine can exert harmful effects, impairing the correct formation of CNS structures. In this study, we demonstrated cellular and tissue effects of caffeine's administration on developing chick embryo retinas. Those effects include modulation of adenosine receptors (A1 , A2 ) content, increasing in cAMP response element-binding protein (pCREB) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation (pERK), augment of adenosine equilibrative transporter content/activity, and a reduction of some specific cell subpopulations. ENT1, Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Brito
- Neurobiology of the Retina Laboratory, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Danniel Pereira-Figueiredo
- Neurobiology of the Retina Laboratory, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renato Socodato
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S) and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Roberto Paes-de-Carvalho
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karin C Calaza
- Neurobiology of the Retina Laboratory, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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21
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Mohamed RA, Agha AM, Abdel-Rahman AA, Nassar NN. Role of adenosine A2A receptor in cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury: Signaling to phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (pERK1/2). Neuroscience 2015; 314:145-59. [PMID: 26642806 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Following brain ischemia reperfusion (IR), the dramatic increase in adenosine activates A2AR to induce further neuronal damage. Noteworthy, A2A antagonists have proven efficacious in halting IR injury, however, the detailed downstream signaling remains elusive. To this end, the present study aimed to investigate the possible involvement of phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK1/2) pathway in mediating protection afforded by the central A2A blockade. Male Wistar rats (250-270 g) subjected to bilateral carotid occlusion for 45 min followed by a 24-h reperfusion period showed increased infarct size corroborating histopathological damage, memory impairment and motor incoordination as well as increased locomotor activity. Those events were mitigated by the unilateral intrahippocampal administration of the selective A2A antagonist SCH58261 via a decrease in pERK1/2 downstream from diacyl glycerol (DAG) signaling. Consequent to pERK1/2 inhibition, reduced hippocampal microglial activation, glial tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) expression, glutamate (Glu), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were evident in animals receiving SCH58261. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) increased following nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf-2). Taken all together, these events suppressed apoptotic pathways via a reduction in cytochrome c (Cyt. c) as well as caspase-3 supporting a crucial role for pERK1/2 inhibition in consequent reduction of inflammatory and excitotoxic cascades as well as correction of the redox imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - A M Agha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - A A Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, NC, USA.
| | - N N Nassar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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22
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Leonov G, Shah K, Yee D, Timmis J, Sharp TV, Lagos D. Suppression of AGO2 by miR-132 as a determinant of miRNA-mediated silencing in human primary endothelial cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 69:75-84. [PMID: 26475020 PMCID: PMC4679077 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The abundance of miR-132 ranges from constitutively high in the brain where it is necessary for neuronal development and function, to inducible expression in haematopoietic and endothelial cells where it controls angiogenesis and immune activation. We show that expression of AGO2, a protein central to miRNA-mediated gene silencing and miRNA biogenesis, is negatively regulated by miR-132. Using HeLa cells, we demonstrate that miR-132 interacts with the AGO2 mRNA 3'UTR and suppresses AGO2 expression and AGO2-dependent small RNA-mediated silencing. Similarly, miR-132 over-expression leads to AGO2 suppression in primary human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLECs). During phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-activation of HDLECs, miR-132 is induced in a CREB-dependent manner and inhibition of miR-132 results in increased AGO2 expression. In agreement with the role of AGO2 in maintenance of miRNA expression, AGO2 suppression by miR-132 affects the steady state levels of miR-221 and miR-146a, two miRNAs involved in angiogenesis and inflammation, respectively. Our data demonstrate that the miRNA-silencing machinery is subject to autoregulation during primary cell activation through direct suppression of AGO2 by miR-132.
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Affiliation(s)
- German Leonov
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology and Hull York Medical School University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Kunal Shah
- Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Daniel Yee
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology and Hull York Medical School University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Jon Timmis
- Department of Electronics, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Tyson V Sharp
- Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Dimitris Lagos
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology and Hull York Medical School University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK.
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23
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Ihara M, Asanuma H, Yamazaki S, Kato H, Asano Y, Shinozaki Y, Mori H, Minamino T, Asakura M, Sugimachi M, Mochizuki N, Kitakaze M. An interaction between glucagon-like peptide-1 and adenosine contributes to cardioprotection of a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor from myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H1287-97. [PMID: 25747753 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00835.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors suppress the metabolism of the potent antihyperglycemic hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). DPP4 was recently shown to provide cardioprotection through a reduction of infarct size, but the mechanism for this remains elusive. Known interactions between DPP4 and adenosine deaminase (ADA) suggest an involvement of adenosine signaling in DPP4 inhibitor-mediated cardioprotection. We tested whether the protective mechanism of the DPP4 inhibitor alogliptin against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury involves GLP-1- and/or adenosine-dependent signaling in canine hearts. In anesthetized dogs, the coronary artery was occluded for 90 min followed by reperfusion for 6 h. A 4-day pretreatment with alogliptin reduced the infarct size from 43.1 ± 2.5% to 17.1 ± 5.0% without affecting collateral flow and hemodynamic parameters, indicating a potent antinecrotic effect. Alogliptin also suppressed apoptosis as demonstrated by the following analysis: 1) reduction in the Bax-to-Bcl2 ratio; 2) cytochrome c release, 3) an increase in Bad phosphorylation in the cytosolic fraction; and 4) terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. This DPP4 inhibitor did not affect blood ADA activity or adenosine concentrations. In contrast, the nonselective adenosine receptor blocker 8-(p-sulfophenyl)theophylline (8SPT) completely blunted the effect of alogliptin. Alogliptin did not affect Erk1/2 phosphorylation, but it did stimulate phosphorylation of Akt, glycogen synthase kinase-3β, and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). Only 8SPT prevented alogliptin-induced CREB phosphorylation. In conclusion, the DPP4 inhibitor alogliptin suppresses ischemia-reperfusion injury via adenosine receptor- and CREB-dependent signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Ihara
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asanuma
- Department of Cardiovascular Science and Technology, Kyoto Prefectural University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamazaki
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan;
| | - Hisakazu Kato
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Asano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Shinozaki
- Department of Physiological Science, Tokai University Graduate School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Hidezo Mori
- Department of Physiological Science, Tokai University Graduate School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Minamino
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Masanori Asakura
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; and
| | - Masaru Sugimachi
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Naoki Mochizuki
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kitakaze
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; and
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24
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Phospholipase D1 increases Bcl-2 expression during neuronal differentiation of rat neural stem cells. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:1089-102. [PMID: 24986006 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8773-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We studied the possible role of phospholipase D1 (PLD1) in the neuronal differentiation, including neurite formation of neural stem cells. PLD1 protein and PLD activity increased during neuronal differentiation. Bcl-2 also increased. Downregulation of PLD1 by transfection with PLD1 siRNA or a dominant-negative form of PLD1 (DN-PLD1) inhibited both neurite outgrowth and Bcl-2 expression. PLD activity was dramatically reduced by a PLCγ (phospholipase Cγ) inhibitor (U73122), a Ca(2+)chelator (BAPTA-AM), and a PKCα (protein kinase Cα) inhibitor (RO320432). Furthermore, treatment with arachidonic acid (AA) which is generated by the action of PLA2 (phospholipase A2) on phosphatidic acid (a PLD1 product), increased the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and CREB, as well as Bcl-2 expression, indicating that PLA2 is involved in the differentiation process resulting from PLD1 activation. PGE2 (prostaglandin E2), a cyclooxygenase product of AA, also increased during neuronal differentiation. Moreover, treatment with PGE2 increased the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and CREB, as well as Bcl-2 expression, and this effect was inhibited by a PKA inhibitor (Rp-cAMP). As expected, inhibition of p38 MAPK resulted in loss of CREB activity, and when CREB activity was blocked with CREB siRNA, Bcl-2 production also decreased. We also showed that the EP4 receptor was required for the PKA/p38MAPK/CREB/Bcl-2 pathway. Taken together, these observations indicate that PLD1 is activated by PLCγ/PKCα signaling and stimulate Bcl-2 expression through PLA2/Cox2/EP4/PKA/p38MAPK/CREB during neuronal differentiation of rat neural stem cells.
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Khan N, Smith MT. Multiple sclerosis-induced neuropathic pain: pharmacological management and pathophysiological insights from rodent EAE models. Inflammopharmacology 2014; 22:1-22. [PMID: 24234347 PMCID: PMC3933737 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-013-0195-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), pain is a frequent and disabling symptom. The prevalence is in the range 29-86 % depending upon the assessment protocols utilised and the definition of pain applied. Neuropathic pain that develops secondary to demyelination, neuroinflammation and axonal damage in the central nervous system is the most distressing and difficult type of pain to treat. Although dysaesthetic extremity pain, L'hermitte's sign and trigeminal neuralgia are the most common neuropathic pain conditions reported by patients with MS, research directed at gaining insight into the complex mechanisms underpinning the pathobiology of MS-associated neuropathic pain is in its relative infancy. By contrast, there is a wealth of knowledge on the neurobiology of neuropathic pain induced by peripheral nerve injury. To date, the majority of research in the MS field has used rodent models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as these models have many clinical and neuropathological features in common with those observed in patients with MS. However, it is only relatively recently that EAE-rodents have been utilised to investigate the mechanisms contributing to the development and maintenance of MS-associated central neuropathic pain. Importantly, EAE-rodent models exhibit pro-nociceptive behaviours predominantly in the lower extremities (tail and hindlimbs) as seen clinically in patients with MS-neuropathic pain. Herein, we review research to date on the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning MS-associated neuropathic pain as well as the pharmacological management of this condition. We also identify knowledge gaps to guide future research in this important field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemat Khan
- Centre for Integrated Preclinical Drug Development and School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Level 3, Steele Building, St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Maree T. Smith
- Centre for Integrated Preclinical Drug Development and School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Level 3, Steele Building, St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
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Non-classical effects of estradiol on cAMP responsive element binding protein phosphorylation in gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons: mechanisms and role. Front Neuroendocrinol 2014; 35:31-41. [PMID: 23978477 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is produced by a heterogenous neuronal population in the hypothalamus to control pituitary gonadotropin production and reproductive function in all mammalian species. Estradiol is a critical component for the communication between the gonads and the central nervous system. Resolving the mechanisms by which estradiol modulates GnRH neurons is critical for the understanding of how fertility is regulated. Extensive studies during the past decades have provided compelling evidence that estradiol has the potential to alter the intracellular signal transduction mechanisms. The common target of many signaling pathways is the phosphorylation of a key transcription factor, the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). This review first addresses the aspects of estradiol action on CREB phosphorylation (pCREB) in GnRH neurons. Secondly, this review considers the receptors and signaling network that regulates estradiol's action on pCREB within GnRH neurons and finally it summarizes the physiological significance of CREB to estrogen feedback.
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Modi KK, Sendtner M, Pahan K. Up-regulation of ciliary neurotrophic factor in astrocytes by aspirin: implications for remyelination in multiple sclerosis. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:18533-45. [PMID: 23653362 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.447268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is a promyelinating trophic factor, and the mechanisms by which CNTF expression could be increased in the brain are poorly understood. Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) is one of the most widely used analgesics. Interestingly, aspirin increased mRNA and protein expression of CNTF in primary mouse and human astrocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Aspirin induced the activation of protein kinase A (PKA) but not protein kinase C (PKC). H-89, an inhibitor of PKA, abrogated aspirin-induced expression of CNTF. The activation of cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB), but not NF-κB, by aspirin, the abrogation of aspirin-induced expression of CNTF by siRNA knockdown of CREB, the presence of a consensus cAMP-response element in the promoter of CNTF, and the recruitment of CREB and CREB-binding protein to the CNTF promoter by aspirin suggest that aspirin increases the expression of the Cntf gene via the activation of CREB. Furthermore, we demonstrate that aspirin-induced astroglial CNTF was also functionally active and that supernatants of aspirin-treated astrocytes of wild type, but not Cntf null, mice increased myelin-associated proteins in oligodendrocytes and protected oligodendrocytes from TNF-α insult. These results highlight a new and novel myelinogenic property of aspirin, which may be of benefit for multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushbu K Modi
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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Guo CM, Kasaraneni N, Sun K, Myatt L. Cross talk between PKC and CREB in the induction of COX-2 by PGF2α in human amnion fibroblasts. Endocrinology 2012; 153:4938-45. [PMID: 22919060 PMCID: PMC3512005 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Compelling evidence indicates a crucial role of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) in parturition. Both the maternal and fetal sides of the fetal membranes synthesize PGF2α, which exerts effects via the prostaglandin F2α receptor (FP) that is coupled to the activation of protein kinase C (PKC). Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the inducible synthesis of prostaglandin. Although activation of PKC is known to induce COX-2 expression, it is not clear whether PGF2α can induce COX-2 via FP receptor-coupled PKC activation. COX-2 promoter carries a cAMP-response element (CRE) and phosphorylation of CRE binding protein 1 (CREB1) is associated with COX-2 expression in human amnion fibroblasts. We demonstrated that human amnion fibroblasts produced PGF2α and expressed FP receptor. PGF2α increased COX-2 expression and CREB1 phosphorylation, which could be blocked by either the FP receptor antagonist AL8810 or PKC inhibitor Ro31-7549. The PKC activator, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), could mimic the induction of COX-2 and CREB1 phosphorylation. The induction of COX-2 by PGF2α and PMA could be attenuated by the small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of CREB1 expression or overexpressing dominant-negative CREB1. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that the binding of CREB1 to the COX-2 promoter was increased by PGF2α and PMA in amnion fibroblasts. In conclusion, we provide evidence that PGF2α induces COX-2 expression via the FP receptor and phosphorylates CREB1 by PKC, thus increasing CREB1 binding to the COX-2 promoter and the expression of COX-2 in human amnion fibroblasts. This feed-forward loop may be crucial for the production of prostaglandins in the fetal membranes prior to the onset of labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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29
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Hirasawa Y, Nishiyama T, Nagao T, Feng Y, Nagamatsu T. Involvement of protein kinase C in reduction of aggregated protein and phosphorylation of CREB in glomeruli. Exp Anim 2012; 61:119-24. [PMID: 22531726 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.61.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated the cAMP-PKA pathway to be associated with the reduction in aggregated proteins such as immune complex in glomeruli. The aim of this study was to clarify whether PKC is involved in the reduction of aggregated protein and phosphorylation of CREB in aggregated protein-loaded glomeruli. Mice were injected with aggregated bovine serum albumin (a-BSA), and glomeruli were isolated. The a-BSA-injected mice produced more cyclic AMP and had more phosphorylated serine and phosphorylated CREB in their glomeruli than the controls. The expression of phospho-CREB increased with the accumulation of a-BSA. KT5720 and H7 suppressed the increase in phosphorylated CREB in a-BSA-loaded glomeruli and the decrease in accumulated a-BSA in the glomeruli. These findings suggest that PKC is associated with the reduction of aggregated protein and phosphorylation of CREB in aggregated protein-loaded glomeruli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Hirasawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacobiology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
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Guerra GP, Mello CF, Bochi GV, Pazini AM, Rosa MM, Ferreira J, Rubin MA. Spermidine-induced improvement of memory involves a cross-talk between protein kinases C and A. J Neurochem 2012; 122:363-73. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07778.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Martín F, Mora L, Laorden M, Milanés M. Protein kinase C phosphorylates the cAMP response element binding protein in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus during morphine withdrawal. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 163:857-75. [PMID: 21615389 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01287.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Exposure to drugs of abuse or stress results in adaptation in the brain involving changes in gene expression and transcription factors. Morphine withdrawal modulates gene expression through various second-messenger signal transduction systems. Here, we investigated changes in activation of the transcription factor, cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and the kinases that may mediate the morphine withdrawal-triggered activation of CREB and the response of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis after naloxone-induced morphine withdrawal. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of morphine dependence and withdrawal, phosphorylated CREB (pCREB), corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) expression in the PVN and HPA axis activity were measured using immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay in controls and in morphine-dependent rats, withdrawn with naloxone and pretreated with vehicle, calphostin C, chelerythrine (inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC) or SL-327 [inhibitor of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) kinase]. In addition, changes in PKCα and PKCγ immunoreactivity were measured after 60 min of withdrawal. KEY RESULTS In morphine-withdrawn rats, pCREB immunoreactivity was increased within CRF immunoreactive neurons in the PVN and plasma corticosterone levels were raised. SL-327, at doses that reduced the augmented pERK levels in the PVN, did not attenuate the rise in pCREB immunoreactivity or plasma corticosterone secretion. In contrast, PKC inhibition reduced the withdrawal-triggered rise in pCREB, pERK1/2 and corticosterone secretion. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS PKC mediated, in part, both CREB activation and the HPA response to morphine withdrawal. The ERK kinase/ERK pathway might not be necessary for either activation of CREB or HPA axis hyperactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Martín
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University School of Medicine, Murcia, Spain
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Hsieh YS, Yang SF, Chen PN, Chu SC, Chen CH, Kuo DY. Knocking down the transcript of protein kinase C-lambda modulates hypothalamic glutathione peroxidase, melanocortin receptor and neuropeptide Y gene expression in amphetamine-treated rats. J Psychopharmacol 2011; 25:982-94. [PMID: 20817751 DOI: 10.1177/0269881110376692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that neuropeptide Y (NPY) contributes to the behavioral response of amphetamine (AMPH), a psychostimulant. The present study examined whether protein kinase C (PKC)-λ signaling was involved in this action. Moreover, possible roles of glutathione peroxidase (GP) and melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) were also examined. Rats were given AMPH daily for 4 days. Hypothalamic NPY, PKCλ, GP and MC4R were determined and compared. Pretreatment with α-methyl-para-tyrosine could block AMPH-induced anorexia, revealing that endogenous catecholamine was involved in regulating AMPH anorexia. PKCλ, GP and MC4R were increased with maximal response on Day 2 during AMPH treatment, which were concomitant with the decreases in NPY. cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) DNA binding activity was increased during AMPH treatment, revealing the involvement of CREB-dependent gene transcription. An interruption of cerebral PKCλ transcript could partly block AMPH-induced anorexia and partly reverse NPY, MC4R and GP mRNA levels to normal. These results suggest that PKCλ participates in regulating AMPH-induced anorexia via a modulation of hypothalamic NPY gene expression and that increases of GP and MC4R may contribute to this modulation. Our results provided molecular evidence for the regulation of AMPH-induced behavioral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Shou Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taiwan, R.O.C
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33
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Fischer H, Lutay N, Ragnarsdóttir B, Yadav M, Jönsson K, Urbano A, Al Hadad A, Rämisch S, Storm P, Dobrindt U, Salvador E, Karpman D, Jodal U, Svanborg C. Pathogen specific, IRF3-dependent signaling and innate resistance to human kidney infection. PLoS Pathog 2010; 6:e1001109. [PMID: 20886096 PMCID: PMC2944801 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucosal immune system identifies and fights invading pathogens, while allowing non-pathogenic organisms to persist. Mechanisms of pathogen/non-pathogen discrimination are poorly understood, as is the contribution of human genetic variation in disease susceptibility. We describe here a new, IRF3-dependent signaling pathway that is critical for distinguishing pathogens from normal flora at the mucosal barrier. Following uropathogenic E. coli infection, Irf3(-/-) mice showed a pathogen-specific increase in acute mortality, bacterial burden, abscess formation and renal damage compared to wild type mice. TLR4 signaling was initiated after ceramide release from glycosphingolipid receptors, through TRAM, CREB, Fos and Jun phosphorylation and p38 MAPK-dependent mechanisms, resulting in nuclear translocation of IRF3 and activation of IRF3/IFNβ-dependent antibacterial effector mechanisms. This TLR4/IRF3 pathway of pathogen discrimination was activated by ceramide and by P-fimbriated E. coli, which use ceramide-anchored glycosphingolipid receptors. Relevance of this pathway for human disease was supported by polymorphic IRF3 promoter sequences, differing between children with severe, symptomatic kidney infection and children who were asymptomatic bacterial carriers. IRF3 promoter activity was reduced by the disease-associated genotype, consistent with the pathology in Irf3(-/-) mice. Host susceptibility to common infections like UTI may thus be strongly influenced by single gene modifications affecting the innate immune response.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Ceramides/metabolism
- Child
- Escherichia coli/pathogenicity
- Escherichia coli Infections/etiology
- Escherichia coli Infections/mortality
- Escherichia coli Infections/prevention & control
- Fimbriae, Bacterial
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/physiology
- Interferon Regulatory Factor-3/genetics
- Interferon Regulatory Factor-3/metabolism
- Interferon Regulatory Factor-3/physiology
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Kidney/virology
- Kidney Neoplasms/etiology
- Kidney Neoplasms/mortality
- Kidney Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Lung Neoplasms/etiology
- Lung Neoplasms/mortality
- Lung Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Phosphorylation
- Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Prospective Studies
- Protein Transport
- Pyelonephritis/etiology
- Pyelonephritis/mortality
- Pyelonephritis/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Signal Transduction
- Toll-Like Receptor 4/genetics
- Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Urinary Tract Infections/etiology
- Urinary Tract Infections/mortality
- Urinary Tract Infections/prevention & control
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Fischer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nataliya Lutay
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bryndís Ragnarsdóttir
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Manisha Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Klas Jönsson
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Biomedical Sciences Institutes, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Immunos, BIOPOLIS, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alexander Urbano
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Biomedical Sciences Institutes, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Immunos, BIOPOLIS, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ahmed Al Hadad
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Rämisch
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Petter Storm
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulrich Dobrindt
- Institute for Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ellaine Salvador
- Institute for Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Diana Karpman
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, and Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf Jodal
- Pediatric-Uronephrology Center, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Catharina Svanborg
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Biomedical Sciences Institutes, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Immunos, BIOPOLIS, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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Hearst SM, Lopez ME, Shao Q, Liu Y, Vig PJS. Dopamine D2 receptor signaling modulates mutant ataxin-1 S776 phosphorylation and aggregation. J Neurochem 2010; 114:706-16. [PMID: 20477910 PMCID: PMC2921766 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06791.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia 1 (SCA1) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease associated with progressive ataxia resulting from the loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) and neurons in the brainstem. In PCs of SCA1 transgenic mice, the disease causing ataxin-1 protein mediates the formation of S100B containing cytoplasmic vacuoles and further self-aggregates to form intranuclear inclusions. The exact function of the ataxin-1 protein is not fully understood. However, the aggregation and neurotoxicity of the mutant ataxin-1 protein is dependent on the phosphorylation at serine 776 (S776). Although protein kinase A (PKA) has been implicated as the S776 kinase, the mechanism of PKA/ataxin-1 regulation in SCA1 is still not clear. We propose that a dopamine D(2) receptor (D2R)/S100B pathway may be involved in modulating PKA activity in PCs. Using a D2R/S100B HEK stable cell line transiently transfected with GFP-ataxin-1[82Q], we demonstrate that stimulation of the D2R/S100B pathway caused a reduction in mutant ataxin-1 S776 phosphorylation and ataxin-1 aggregation. Activation of PKA by forskolin resulted in an enhanced S776 phosphorylation and increased ataxin-1 nuclear aggregation, which was suppressed by treatment with D2R agonist bromocriptine and PKA inhibitor H89. Furthermore, treating SCA1 transgenic PC slice cultures with forskolin induced neurodegenerative morphological abnormalities in PC dendrites consistent with those observed in vivo. Taken together our data support a mechanism where PKA dependent mutant ataxin-1 phosphorylation and aggregation can be regulated by D2R/S100B signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- SM Hearst
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - ME Lopez
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Q Shao
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University and Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR
| | - PJS Vig
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
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Chartoff EH, Papadopoulou M, MacDonald ML, Parsegian A, Potter D, Konradi C, Carlezon WA. Desipramine reduces stress-activated dynorphin expression and CREB phosphorylation in NAc tissue. Mol Pharmacol 2008; 75:704-12. [PMID: 19106229 DOI: 10.1124/mol.108.051417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a critical brain area for reward and motivated behavior. Accumulating evidence suggests that altered function of the transcription factor cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) within the NAc is involved in depressive behavior. In rats, stress activates CREB within the NAc, and elevation of CREB expression in this region produces depressive-like behaviors that are accompanied by activation of CREB-regulated target genes. The depressive-like behaviors seem to be due, at least in part, to CREB-mediated increases in dynorphin function, because they are mimicked by kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) agonists and attenuated by KOR antagonists. We hypothesized that if CREB-mediated dynorphin expression in the NAc contributes to depressive behavior, then antidepressants might reduce dynorphin function in this region. Here, we demonstrate that desipramine (DMI), a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor that has been used for decades to treat clinical depression, blocks swim stress-induced activation of prodynorphin (encodes dynorphin) in the NAc. In primary cultures of NAc and striatum, DMI decreases basal and stimulated CREB phosphorylation by causing reductions in intracellular calcium (Ca(2+)) availability that are independent of norepinephrine or other monoaminergic inputs, identifying a potential mechanism for alterations in CREB-mediated gene expression. Fluoxetine (FLX), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, has similar effects in culture, suggesting a common intracellular effect of these antidepressants. These findings raise the possibility that a therapeutically relevant mechanism of action of DMI occurs through attenuation of CREB-mediated gene transcription, which is mediated via previously uncharacterized mechanisms that occur directly within the NAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena H Chartoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Behavioral Genetics Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA .
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36
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Creson TK, Yuan P, Manji HK, Chen G. Evidence for involvement of ERK, PI3K, and RSK in induction of Bcl-2 by valproate. J Mol Neurosci 2008; 37:123-34. [PMID: 18677583 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-008-9122-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Valproate, an anticonvulsant and mood stabilizer, up-regulates Bcl-2, a neurotrophic/neuroprotective protein. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism through which Bcl-2 is up-regulated by valproate using cultured human neuron-like cells. Valproate, within therapeutically relevant ranges, induced time- and concentration-dependent up-regulations of both Bcl-2 messenger RNA and protein implicating an underlying gene transcriptional-mediated mechanism. Bcl-2 up-regulations were associated with ERK1/2 and PI3K pathway activations and elevated levels of activated phospho-RSK and phospho-CREB, convergent targets of the ERK1/2 and PI3K pathways. Valproate increased transcriptional activity of a human bcl-2 promoter-reporter gene construct. This effect was attenuated, but not blocked, by mutation of a CREB DNA binding site, a CRE site in the human bcl-2 promoter sequence. ERK and/or PI3K pathway inhibitors and RSK1 small hairpin RNA knockdown reduced, but did not abolish, baseline and valproate-induced promoter activities and lowered Bcl-2 protein levels. These data collectively suggest that valproate induces Bcl-2 regulation partially through activations of the ERK and PI3K cascades and their convergent kinase, RSK, although other unknown mechanism(s) are likely involved. Given the known roles of Bcl-2 in the central nervous system, the current findings offer a partial yet complex molecular mechanistic explanation for the known neurobiological effects of valproate including neurite growth, neuronal survival, and neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K Creson
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, Bldg 35, Rm 1C-912, Bethesda, MD, 20892-3711, USA
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37
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Sumner AD, Margiotta JF. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) alters parasympathetic neuron gene expression in a time-dependent fashion. J Mol Neurosci 2008; 36:141-56. [PMID: 18594777 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-008-9103-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptides, including pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), can influence diverse cellular processes over a broad temporal range. In ciliary ganglion (CG) neurons, for example, PACAP binding to high-affinity PAC1 receptors triggers transduction cascades that both rapidly modulate nicotinic receptors and synapses and support long-term survival. Since PACAP/PAC1 signaling recruits intracellular messengers and effectors that potently alter transcription, we examined its activation of the transcription factor CREB and then tested for changes in gene expression. PACAP/PAC1 signaling rapidly induced prolonged CREB activation in CG neurons by a phospholipase C -independent mechanism supported by Ca2+-influx, adenylate cyclase, and effectors, including protein kinase C (PKC) and possibly PKA. Since PACAP is abundant in the CG and released from depolarized presynaptic terminals, it is well suited to regulate gene expression relevant to neuronal and synaptic development. Gene array screens conducted using RNA from CG cultures grown with PACAP for 1/4, 24, or 96 h revealed a time-dependent pattern of > 600 regulated transcripts, including several encoding proteins implicated in synaptic function, neuronal survival, and development. The results underscore rapid, neuromodulatory, and long-term, neurotrophic consequences of PAC1 signaling in CG neurons and suggest that PACAP exerts such diverse influences by altering the expression of specific gene transcripts in a time-dependent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriane D Sumner
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Block HS 108, 3000 Arlington Ave., Stop #1007, Toledo, OH 43614-5804, USA
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Shan ZY, Shen JL, Li QM, Wang Y, Huang XY, Guo TY, Liu HW, Lei L, Jin LH. pCREB is involved in neural induction of mouse embryonic stem cells by RA. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2008; 291:519-26. [PMID: 18383274 DOI: 10.1002/ar.20686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells can be induced by various chemicals to differentiate into a variety of cell types in vitro. In our study, retinoic acid (RA), one of the most important inducers, used at a concentration of 5 microM, was found to induce the differentiation of ES cells into neural progenitor cells (NPCs). During embryoid body (EB) differentiation, the level of active cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) was relatively high when 5 microM RA treatment was performed. Inhibition of CREB activity committed EBs to becoming other germ layers, whereas increased expression of CREB enhanced NPC differentiation. Moreover, RA increased the expression of active CREB by enhancing the activity of JNK. Our research suggests that CREB plays a role in RA-induced NPC differentiation by increasing the expression of active JNK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yan Shan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, China
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