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Gonçalves DS, Moscaleski LA, da Silva GM, Morgans R, Okano AH, Moreira A. The Effect of Combined Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Pneumatic Compression as Part of a Comprehensive Recovery Strategy in Professional Male Top-Level Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res 2024:00124278-990000000-00509. [PMID: 39074250 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Gonçalves, DS, Moscaleski, LA, da Silva, GM, Morgans, R, Okano, AH, and Moreira, A. The effect of combined transcranial direct current stimulation and pneumatic compression as part of a comprehensive recovery strategy in professional male top-level soccer players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-This retrospective study aimed to examine the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with lower limb pneumatic compression during the postmatch recovery period in top-level professional male soccer players' physiological and perceptual markers of recovery status. During the 2022 season (baseline), pneumatic compression was performed as part of the recovery strategy, applied the day after official match play and psychophysiological measurements (pain, sleep, perceived recovery, and creatine kinase [CK] sampling) were performed on the second day postmatch. During the 2023 season, the tDCS protocol was introduced, with its application being performed simultaneously (in conjunction) with pneumatic compression. Recovery sessions following 10 matches in the 2022 season and following 10 matches in the 2023 season were included in the analyses. Compared with 2022 (baseline; pneumatic compression isolated), the players perceived an increased recovery on the second day postmatch when tDCS was used in conjunction with the pneumatic compression (mean = 12%; p = 0.008) and rated improved sleep quality for the nights after applying tDCS combined with pneumatic compression (mean = 7.5%; p = 0.029). On the second day postmatch, a significant reduction was observed in muscle pain/soreness (mean = 64%; p < 0.0001) and the CK concentration decreased when baseline (pneumatic compression isolated) was compared with tDCS + pneumatic compression (mean = 76%; p = 0.001). In summary, combining pneumatic compression with tDCS may enhance the effects of both interventions, leading to greater overall improvements in recovery. Further research is warranted to confirm these findings and explore the underlying mechanisms in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciane Aparecida Moscaleski
- Health and Performance Center, Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center of Mathematics, Computation, and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; and
| | | | - Ryland Morgans
- Football Performance Hub, Institute of Coaching and Performance, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre Hideki Okano
- Center of Mathematics, Computation, and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Moreira
- Department of Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; and
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Santander T, Leslie S, Li LJ, Skinner HE, Simonson JM, Sweeney P, Deen KP, Miller MB, Brunye TT. Towards optimized methodological parameters for maximizing the behavioral effects of transcranial direct current stimulation. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1305446. [PMID: 39015825 PMCID: PMC11250584 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1305446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) administers low-intensity direct current electrical stimulation to brain regions via electrodes arranged on the surface of the scalp. The core promise of tDCS is its ability to modulate brain activity and affect performance on diverse cognitive functions (affording causal inferences regarding regional brain activity and behavior), but the optimal methodological parameters for maximizing behavioral effects remain to be elucidated. Here we sought to examine the effects of 10 stimulation and experimental design factors across a series of five cognitive domains: motor performance, visual search, working memory, vigilance, and response inhibition. The objective was to identify a set of optimal parameter settings that consistently and reliably maximized the behavioral effects of tDCS within each cognitive domain. Methods We surveyed tDCS effects on these various cognitive functions in healthy young adults, ultimately resulting in 721 effects across 106 published reports. Hierarchical Bayesian meta-regression models were fit to characterize how (and to what extent) these design parameters differentially predict the likelihood of positive/negative behavioral outcomes. Results Consistent with many previous meta-analyses of tDCS effects, extensive variability was observed across tasks and measured outcomes. Consequently, most design parameters did not confer consistent advantages or disadvantages to behavioral effects-a domain-general model suggested an advantage to using within-subjects designs (versus between-subjects) and the tendency for cathodal stimulation (relative to anodal stimulation) to produce reduced behavioral effects, but these associations were scarcely-evident in domain-specific models. Discussion These findings highlight the urgent need for tDCS studies to more systematically probe the effects of these parameters on behavior to fulfill the promise of identifying causal links between brain function and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Santander
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Sara Leslie
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Luna J. Li
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Henri E. Skinner
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Jessica M. Simonson
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Patrick Sweeney
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Kaitlyn P. Deen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Michael B. Miller
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Tad T. Brunye
- U. S. Army DEVCOM Soldier Center, Natick, MA, United States
- Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
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Chen R, Huang L, Wang R, Fei J, Wang H, Wang J. The effect of transcranial electrical stimulation on the relief of mental fatigue. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1359446. [PMID: 38957184 PMCID: PMC11218543 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1359446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The presence of mental fatigue seriously affects daily life and working conditions. Non-invasive transcranial electrical stimulation has become an increasingly popular tool for relieving mental fatigue. We investigated whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) could be used to alleviate the state of mental fatigue in a population of healthy young adults and compared their effects. Methods We recruited 10 participants for a blank control, repeated measures study. Each participant received 15 min of anodal tDCS, α-tACS, and blank stimulation. Participants were required to fill in the scale, perform the test task and collect ECG signals in the baseline, fatigue and post-stimulus states. We then assessed participants' subjective fatigue scale scores, test task accuracy and HRV characteristics of ECG signals separately. Results We found that both anodal tDCS and α-tACS significantly (P < 0.05) reduced subjective fatigue and improved accuracy on the test task compared to the blank group, and the extent of change was greater with tACS. For the HRV features extracted from ECG signals. After tACS intervention, SDNN (t = -3.241, P = 0.002), LF (t = -3.511, P = 0.001), LFn (t = -3.122, P = 0.002), LFn/HFn (-2.928, P = 0.005), TP (t = -2.706, P = 0.008), VLF (t = -3.002, P = 0.004), SD2 (t = -3.594, P = 0.001) and VLI (t = -3.564, P = 0.001) showed a significant increasing trend, and HFn (t = 3.122, P = 0.002), SD1/SD2 (t = 3.158, P = 0.002) and CCM_1 (t = 3.106, P = 0.003) showed a significant decreasing trend. After tDCS intervention, only one feature, TINN, showed a significant upward trend (P < 0.05). The other features showed non-significant changes but roughly the same trend as the tACS group. Conclusion Both tDCS and α-tACS can be effective in relieving mental fatigue, and α-tACS is more effective than tDCS. This study provides theoretical support for tDCS with α-tACS having a alleviating effect on mental fatigue and the use of ECG as a valid objective assessment tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lengjie Huang
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jieying Fei
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huiquan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinhai Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
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Baldasso BD, Raza SZ, Islam SS, Burry IB, Newell CJ, Hillier SR, Ploughman M. Disrupted hemodynamic response within dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during cognitive tasks among people with multiple sclerosis-related fatigue. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303211. [PMID: 38837991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mental fatigue is an early and enduring symptom in persons with autoimmune disease particularly multiple sclerosis (MS). Neuromodulation has emerged as a potential treatment although optimal cortical targets have yet to be determined. We aimed to examine cortical hemodynamic responses within bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and frontopolar areas during single and dual cognitive tasks in persons with MS-related fatigue compared to matched controls. METHODS We recruited persons (15 MS and 12 age- and sex-matched controls) who did not have physical or cognitive impairment and were free from depressive symptoms. Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) registered hemodynamic responses during the tasks. We calculated oxyhemoglobin peak, time-to-peak, coherence between channels (a potential marker of neurovascular coupling) and functional connectivity (z-score). RESULTS In MS, dlPFC demonstrated disrupted hemodynamic coherence during both single and dual tasks, as evidenced by non-significant and negative correlations between fNIRS channels. In MS, reduced coherence occurred in left dorsolateral PFC during the single task but occurred bilaterally as the task became more challenging. Functional connectivity was lower during dual compared to single tasks in the right dorsolateral PFC in both groups. Lower z-score was related to greater feelings of fatigue. Peak and time-to-peak hemodynamic response did not differ between groups or tasks. CONCLUSIONS Hemodynamic responses were inconsistent and disrupted in people with MS experiencing mental fatigue, which worsened as the task became more challenging. Our findings point to dlPFC, but not frontopolar areas, as a potential target for neuromodulation to treat cognitive fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna D Baldasso
- Recovery & Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Syed Z Raza
- Recovery & Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Sadman S Islam
- Recovery & Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
- Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Isabella B Burry
- Recovery & Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Caitlin J Newell
- Recovery & Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Sydney R Hillier
- Recovery & Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Michelle Ploughman
- Recovery & Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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Riazi H, Nazari M, Raoufy MR, Mirnajafi-Zadeh J, Shojaei A. Olfactory Epithelium Stimulation Using Rhythmic Nasal Air-Puffs Improves the Cognitive Performance of Individuals with Acute Sleep Deprivation. Brain Sci 2024; 14:378. [PMID: 38672027 PMCID: PMC11048381 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14040378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of intranasal air-puffing on cognitive impairments and brain cortical activity following one night of partial sleep deprivation (PSD) in adults. A total of 26 healthy adults underwent the numerical Stroop test (NST) and electroencephalography (EEG) before and after one night of PSD. Following PSD, subjects in the treatment group (n = 13) received nasal air-puffs (5 Hz, 3 min) before beginning the NST and EEG recording. Administration of nasal air-puffs in the treatment group restored the PSD-induced increase in error rate and decrease in reaction time and missing rate in the NST. Intranasal air-puffs recovered the PSD-induced augmentation of delta and theta power and the reduction of beta and gamma power in the EEG, particularly in the frontal lobes. Intranasal air-puffing also almost reversed the PSD-induced decrease in EEG signal complexity. Furthermore, it had a restorative effect on PSD-induced alteration in intra-default mode network functional connectivity in the beta and gamma frequency bands. Rhythmic nasal air-puffing can mitigate acute PSD-induced impairments in cognitive functions. It exerts part of its ameliorating effect by restoring neuronal activity in cortical brain areas involved in cognitive processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Riazi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran; (H.R.); (M.R.R.); (J.M.-Z.)
| | - Milad Nazari
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
- Center for Proteins in Memory—PROMEMO, Danish National Research Foundation, 1057 København, Denmark
| | - Mohammad Reza Raoufy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran; (H.R.); (M.R.R.); (J.M.-Z.)
- Institute for Brain and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran
| | - Javad Mirnajafi-Zadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran; (H.R.); (M.R.R.); (J.M.-Z.)
- Institute for Brain and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran
| | - Amir Shojaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran; (H.R.); (M.R.R.); (J.M.-Z.)
- Institute for Brain and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran
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Chen R, Huang L, Wang R, Fei J, Wang H, Wang J. Advances in Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Techniques for Improving Cognitive Function: A Review. Brain Sci 2024; 14:354. [PMID: 38672006 PMCID: PMC11048722 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14040354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive neuromodulation techniques are widely utilized to study and improve cognitive function, with the aim of modulating different cognitive processes. For workers performing high-intensity mental and physical tasks, extreme fatigue may not only affect their working efficiency but may also lead to cognitive decline or cognitive impairment, which, in turn, poses a serious threat to their physical health. The use of non-invasive neuromodulation techniques has important research value for improving and enhancing cognitive function. In this paper, we review the research status, existing problems, and future prospects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and transcutaneous acupoint stimulation (TAS), which are the most studied physical methods in non-invasive neuromodulation techniques to improve and enhance cognition. The findings presented in this paper will be of great reference value for the in-depth study of non-invasive neuromodulation techniques in the field of cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; (R.C.); (H.W.)
| | - Lengjie Huang
- School of Electronics & Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; (L.H.); (R.W.); (J.F.)
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Electronics & Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; (L.H.); (R.W.); (J.F.)
| | - Jieying Fei
- School of Electronics & Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; (L.H.); (R.W.); (J.F.)
| | - Huiquan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; (R.C.); (H.W.)
| | - Jinhai Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; (R.C.); (H.W.)
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LaGoy AD, Kubala AG, Deering S, Germain A, Markwald RR. Dawn of a New Dawn: Advances in Sleep Health to Optimize Performance. Sleep Med Clin 2023; 18:361-371. [PMID: 37532375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Optimal sleep health is a critical component to high-level performance. In populations such as the military, public service (eg, firefighters), and health care, achieving optimal sleep health is difficult and subsequently deficiencies in sleep health may lead to performance decrements. However, advances in sleep monitoring technologies and mitigation strategies for poor sleep health show promise for further ecological scientific investigation within these populations. The current review briefly outlines the relationship between sleep health and performance as well as current advances in behavioral and technological approaches to improving sleep health for performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice D LaGoy
- Sleep, Tactical Efficiency, and Endurance Laboratory, Warfighter Performance Department, Naval Health Research Center, 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA 92106, USA; Leidos, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Andrew G Kubala
- Sleep, Tactical Efficiency, and Endurance Laboratory, Warfighter Performance Department, Naval Health Research Center, 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA 92106, USA; Leidos, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sean Deering
- Sleep, Tactical Efficiency, and Endurance Laboratory, Warfighter Performance Department, Naval Health Research Center, 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA 92106, USA; Leidos, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Rachel R Markwald
- Sleep, Tactical Efficiency, and Endurance Laboratory, Warfighter Performance Department, Naval Health Research Center, 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA 92106, USA.
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Abdollahzade Z, Hadian MR, Khanmohammadi R, Talebian S. Efficacy of stretching exercises versus transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on task performance, kinematic and electroencephalography (EEG) spectrum in subjects with slump posture: a study protocol. Trials 2023; 24:351. [PMID: 37221565 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07359-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Slump sitting is a common posture in workplaces. There is limited evidence that poor posture impacts the mental state. This study aims to investigate whether slump posture results in more mental fatigue during computer typing, compared with normal posture and also to compare the effectiveness of stretching exercises with tDCS in fatigue monitoring. METHODS The sample size for this study is set at 36 participants with slump posture and 36 participants with normal posture. In the first step, to find out the differences between normal and poor posture, they will be asked to perform the typewriting task for 60 min. During the first and last 3 min of typing, mental fatigue as the primary outcome using EEG signals and further measures including kinematic behavior of neck, visual analog fatigue scale, and musculoskeletal discomfort will be assessed. Post-experiment task performance will be calculated based on typing speed and typing errors. In the next step, to compare the effect of tDCS and stretching exercises on the outcome measures, the slump posture group will receive these interventions in two separate sessions before the typing task. DISCUSSION With the assumption of showing significant differences in terms of outcome measures between slump and normal posture groups and also by showing the possible changes of the measures, by using either tDCS as a central modality or stretching exercises as a peripheral modality; the findings may provide evidence to indicate that poor posture has adverse effect on mental state and to introduce the effective method to overcome mental fatigue and promote work productivity. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered on the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials on 21 September 2022, IRCT Identifier: IRCT20161026030516N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Abdollahzade
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Hadian
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Roya Khanmohammadi
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Talebian
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Linnhoff S, Haghikia A, Zaehle T. Effects of repetitive twice-weekly transcranial direct current stimulations on fatigue and fatigability in people with multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5878. [PMID: 37041183 PMCID: PMC10090173 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32779-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatigue is associated with a dramatically decreased quality of life in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). It refers to a constant subjective feeling of exhaustion and performance decline, known as fatigability. However, inconsistency and heterogeneity in defining and assessing fatigue have led to limited advances in understanding and treating MS-associated fatigue. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has emerged as a promising, non-pharmaceutical treatment strategy for subjective fatigue. However, whether repetitive tDCS also have long-term effects on time-on-task performance has not yet been investigated. This pseudorandomized, single-blinded, and sham-controlled study investigated tDCS effects on behavioral and electrophysiological parameters. 18 pwMS received eight twice-weekly 30 min stimulations over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Fatigability was operationalized as time-on-task-related changes in reaction time variability and P300 amplitude. Additionally, subjective trait and state fatigue ratings were assessed. The results revealed an overall decrease in subjective trait fatigue ratings that lasted at least four weeks after the stimulations. However, the ratings declined after both anodal and sham tDCS. No effects were found on subjective state fatigue and objective fatigability parameters. Linear Mixed Models and Bayesian Regression models likewise favored the absence of a tDCS effect on fatigability parameters. The results confirm the complex relationship between MS-associated fatigue and fatigability. Reliable and clinically relevant parameters need to be established to extend the potential of tDCS for treating fatigability. Furthermore, our results indicate that consecutive stimulations rather than twice-weekly stimulations should be the preferred stimulation scheme in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Linnhoff
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Street 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Aiden Haghikia
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Street 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tino Zaehle
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Street 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Moreira A, Moscaleski L, Machado DGDS, Bikson M, Unal G, Bradley PS, Cevada T, Silva FTGD, Baptista AF, Morya E, Okano AH. Transcranial direct current stimulation during a prolonged cognitive task: the effect on cognitive and shooting performances in professional female basketball players. ERGONOMICS 2023; 66:492-505. [PMID: 35766283 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2022.2096262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The negative effect of prolonged cognitive demands on psychomotor skills in athletes has been demonstrated. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) could be used to mitigate this effect. This study examined the effects of tDCS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during a 30-min inhibitory Stroop task on cognitive and shooting performances of professional female basketball players. Following a randomised, double-blinded, sham-controlled, cross-over design, players were assigned to receive anodal tDCS (a-tDCS, 2 mA for 20 min) or sham-tDCS in two different sessions. Data from 8 players were retained for analysis. Response Time decreased significantly over time (p < 0.001; partial η2 = 0.44; no effect of condition, or condition vs. time interaction). No difference in mean accuracy and shooting performance was observed between tDCS conditions. The results suggest that a-tDCS exert no additional benefits in reducing the negative effects of prolonged cognitive demands on technical performance compared to sham (placebo).Practitioner summary: Prolonged cognitive demands can negatively affect the athletes' performance. We tested whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) could attenuate these effects on cognitive and shooting performance in professional female basketball players. However, tDCS did not exert any additional benefits compared to sham.Abbreviations: tDCS: transcranial direct current stimulation; a-tDCS: anodal transcranial direct current stimulation; PFC: prefrontal cortex; DLPFC: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; PCT: prolonged cognitive task; TT: time trial; RT: response time; NASA-TLX: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index; RPE: ratings of perceived exertion; CR-10 scale: category rating scale; EEG: electroencephalogram; AU: arbitrary units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Moreira
- Department of Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers - The São Paulo Research Foundation (BRAINN/CEPID-FAPESP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luciane Moscaleski
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers - The São Paulo Research Foundation (BRAINN/CEPID-FAPESP), Campinas, Brazil
- Center of Mathematics, Computation, and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | | | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York of CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gozde Unal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York of CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul S Bradley
- Research Institute of Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Thais Cevada
- Post-Doctoral Program in School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Abrahão F Baptista
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers - The São Paulo Research Foundation (BRAINN/CEPID-FAPESP), Campinas, Brazil
- Center of Mathematics, Computation, and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Edgard Morya
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers - The São Paulo Research Foundation (BRAINN/CEPID-FAPESP), Campinas, Brazil
- Santos Dumont Institute (Instituto Internacional de Neurociências Edmond e Lily Safra), Natal, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Hideki Okano
- Center of Mathematics, Computation, and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
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Transcutaneous auricular vagus stimulation (taVNS) improves human working memory performance under sleep deprivation stress. Behav Brain Res 2023; 439:114247. [PMID: 36473677 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many human activities require high cognitive performance over long periods, while impairments induced by sleep deprivation influence various aspects of cognitive abilities, including working memory (WM), attention, and processing speed. Based on previous research, vagal nerve stimulation can modulate cognitive abilities, attention, and arousal. Two experiments were conducted to assess the efficacy of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) to relieve the deleterious effects of sleep deprivation. In the first experiment, 35 participants completed N-back tasks at 8:00 a.m. for two consecutive days in a within-subject study. Then, the participants received either taVNS or earlobe stimulation (active control) intervention in two sessions at random orders after 24 h of sustained wakefulness. Then, they completed the N-back tasks again. In the second experiment, 30 participants completed the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT), and 32 completed the N-back tasks at 8:00 a.m. on the first and second days. Then, they received either taVNS or earlobe stimulation at random orders and finished the N-back and PVT tasks immediately after one hour. In Experiment 1, taVNS could significantly improve the accuracy rate of participants in spatial 3-back tasks compared to active control, which was consistent with experiment 2. However, taVNS did not specifically enhance PVT performance. Therefore, taVNS could be a powerful intervention for acute sleep deprivation as it can improve performance on high cognitive load tasks and is easy to administer.
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12
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Perrey S. Probing the Promises of Noninvasive Transcranial Electrical Stimulation for Boosting Mental Performance in Sports. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020282. [PMID: 36831825 PMCID: PMC9954379 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
While the importance of physical abilities is noncontested to perform in elite sport, more focus has recently been turned toward cognitive processes involved in sport performance. Practicing any sport requires a high demand of cognitive functioning including, but not limited to, decision-making, processing speed, working memory, perceptual processing, motor functioning, and attention. Noninvasive transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) has recently attracted considerable scientific interest due to its ability to modulate brain functioning. Neuromodulation apparently improves cognitive functions engaged in sports performance. This opinion manuscript aimed to reveal that tES is likely an adjunct ergogenic resource for improving cognitive processes, counteracting mental fatigue, and managing anxiety in elite athletes. Nevertheless, the first evidence is insufficient to guarantee its real effectiveness and benefits. All tES techniques could be add-ons to make performance-related cognitive functions more efficient and obtain better results. Modulating inhibitory control through tES over the frontal cortex might largely contribute to the improvement of mental performance. Nevertheless, studies in elite athletes are required to assess the long-term effects of tES application as an ergogenic aid in conjunction with other training methods (e.g., neurofeedback, mental imagery) where cognitive abilities are trainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Perrey
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, 34090 Montpellier, France
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13
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Linnhoff S, Koehler L, Haghikia A, Zaehle T. The therapeutic potential of non-invasive brain stimulation for the treatment of Long-COVID-related cognitive fatigue. Front Immunol 2023; 13:935614. [PMID: 36700201 PMCID: PMC9869163 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.935614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Following an acute COVID-19 infection, a large number of patients experience persisting symptoms for more than four weeks, a condition now classified as Long-COVID syndrome. Interestingly, the likelihood and severity of Long-COVID symptoms do not appear to be related to the severity of the acute COVID-19 infection. Fatigue is amongst the most common and debilitating symptoms of Long-COVID. Other symptomes include dyspnoea, chest pain, olfactory disturbances, and brain fog. Fatigue is also frequently reported in many other neurological diseases, affecting a broad range of everyday activities. However, despite its clinical significance, limited progress has been made in understanding its causes and developing effective treatment options. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) methods offer the unique opportunity to modulate fatigue-related maladaptive neuronal activity. Recent data show promising results of NIBS applications over frontoparietal regions to reduce fatigue symptoms. In this current paper, we review recent data on Long-COVID and Long-COVID-related fatigue (LCOF), with a special focus on cognitive fatigue. We further present widely used NIBS methods, such as transcranial direct current stimulation, transcranial alternating current stimulation, and transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation and propose their use as possible therapeutic strategies to alleviate individual pathomechanisms of LCOF. Since NIBS methods are safe and well-tolerated, they have the potential to enhance the quality of life in a broad group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Linnhoff
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lilli Koehler
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Aiden Haghikia
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tino Zaehle
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany,*Correspondence: Tino Zaehle,
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14
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Valeriani D, Santoro F, Ienca M. The present and future of neural interfaces. Front Neurorobot 2022; 16:953968. [PMID: 36304780 PMCID: PMC9592849 DOI: 10.3389/fnbot.2022.953968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2020's decade will likely witness an unprecedented development and deployment of neurotechnologies for human rehabilitation, personalized use, and cognitive or other enhancement. New materials and algorithms are already enabling active brain monitoring and are allowing the development of biohybrid and neuromorphic systems that can adapt to the brain. Novel brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have been proposed to tackle a variety of enhancement and therapeutic challenges, from improving decision-making to modulating mood disorders. While these BCIs have generally been developed in an open-loop modality to optimize their internal neural decoders, this decade will increasingly witness their validation in closed-loop systems that are able to continuously adapt to the user's mental states. Therefore, a proactive ethical approach is needed to ensure that these new technological developments go hand in hand with the development of a sound ethical framework. In this perspective article, we summarize recent developments in neural interfaces, ranging from neurohybrid synapses to closed-loop BCIs, and thereby identify the most promising macro-trends in BCI research, such as simulating vs. interfacing the brain, brain recording vs. brain stimulation, and hardware vs. software technology. Particular attention is devoted to central nervous system interfaces, especially those with application in healthcare and human enhancement. Finally, we critically assess the possible futures of neural interfacing and analyze the short- and long-term implications of such neurotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Santoro
- Institute for Biological Information Processing - Bioelectronics, IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Juelich, Germany
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcello Ienca
- College of Humanities, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Marcello Ienca
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15
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Dai J, Wang H, Yang L, Wang C, Cheng S, Zhang T, Ma J, Wen Z, Cao X, Hu W. The neuroelectrophysiological and behavioral effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on executive vigilance under a continuous monotonous condition. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:910457. [PMID: 36161182 PMCID: PMC9489920 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.910457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A prolonged period of vigilance task will lead to vigilance decrement and a drop in cognitive efficiency. Although transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can be used to improve cognitive performance following vigilance decrement, the findings in this area of study are inconsistent. This study aims to identify the neuroelectrophysiological and behavioral effects of tDCS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on executive vigilance under a continuous monotonous condition. We recruited 29 participants who randomly received 30 min active or sham tDCS before the vigilance task (anode electrode at the left DLPFC, cathode electrode at the right supraorbital area). Participants completed four sessions of vigilance task and five sessions of self-report sleepiness, Oddball task, and Go/Nogo task, for a total of about 5 h. EEG was acquired in real-time throughout the experiment. Repeated measures of ANOVA were utilized to analyze the evolution of each metric with task-on-time. The results demonstrated that subjective arousal state, vigilance performance, event-related potentials (ERPs), and EEG power were significantly affected by time on task. Brain stimulation did not significantly affect the evolution of subjective and objective executive vigilance performance, but significantly modulated spontaneous activity in the alpha and beta bands across the entire brain. The continuous enhancement of the prefrontal cortex increased P2 amplitude for the Oddball task, which was associated with the enhancement of the early stage of information processing. P3 amplitude had a temporary enhancement effect, which significantly decreased following a cognitive fatigue. tDCS had a continuous enhancement effect on N2 amplitude for the Go/Nogo task, which was associated with the enhanced inhibition of distracting stimuli. Together, the current data suggest that anodal tDCS over left DLPFC possibly enhances the early stage of relevant information processing and the inhibitory control of distracting stimuli during a continuous and monotonous vigilance task.
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16
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Wang X, Lu H, He Y, Sun K, Feng T, Zhu X. Listening to 15 Hz Binaural Beats Enhances the Connectivity of Functional Brain Networks in the Mental Fatigue State—An EEG Study. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12091161. [PMID: 36138896 PMCID: PMC9496831 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: It is clear that mental fatigue can have many negative impacts on individuals, such as impairing cognitive function or affecting performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of sound interventions in combating mental fatigue. Method: The subjects were assessed on various scales, a psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) task, and a 3 min resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG), followed by a 20 min mental fatigue–inducing task (Time Load Dual Back, TloadDback), during which subjects in different condition groups listened to either 15 Hz binaural beats, 40 Hz binaural beats, relaxing music, or a 240 Hz pure tone. After the mental fatigue–inducing task, subjects were again assessed on various scales, a PVT task, and a 3 min resting-state EEG. Results: After the fatigue-inducing task, there was no significant difference between the four groups on the scales or the PVT task performance. In TloadDback, the accuracy rate of the 40 Hz binaural beats group and the relaxing music group decreased in the middle stage of the task, while the 15 Hz binaural beats group and the 240 Hz pure tone group remained unchanged in all stages of the task. The EEG results showed that after fatigue inducement, the average path length of the 15 Hz binaural beats group decreased, and local efficiency showed an increasing tendency, indicating enhanced brain network connectivity. Meanwhile, the 240 Hz pure tone group showed enhanced functional connectivity, suggesting a state of mental fatigue in the group. Conclusions: The results of this study show that listening to 15 Hz binaural beats is a proven intervention for mental fatigue that can contribute to maintaining working memory function, enhancing brain topological structure, and alleviating the decline in brain function that occurs in a mentally fatigued state. As such, these results are of great scientific and practical value.
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17
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Kayser KC, Puig VA, Estepp JR. Predicting and mitigating fatigue effects due to sleep deprivation: A review. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:930280. [PMID: 35992930 PMCID: PMC9389006 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.930280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The deleterious effects of insufficient sleep have been well-established in the literature and can lead to a wide range of adverse health outcomes. Some of the most replicated findings demonstrate significant declines in cognitive functions such as vigilance and executive attention, psychomotor and cognitive speed, and working memory. Consequently, these decrements often lead individuals who are in a fatigued state to engage in substandard performance on everyday tasks. In the interest of curtailing these effects, prior work has attempted to identify mechanisms that predict fatigue onset and develop techniques to mitigate its negative consequences. Nonetheless, these results are often confounded by variables such as an individual’s resistance to fatigue, sleep history, and unclear distinctions about whether certain performance decrements are present due to fatigue or due to other confounding factors. Similar areas of research have provided approaches to produce models for the prediction of cognitive performance decrements due to fatigue through the use of multi-modal recording and analysis of fatigue-related responses. Namely, gathering and combining response information from multiple sources (i.e., physiological and behavioral) at multiple timescales may provide a more comprehensive representation of what constitutes fatigue onset in the individual. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to discuss the relevant literature on the topic of fatigue-related performance effects with a special emphasis on a variety of physiological and behavioral response variables that have shown to be sensitive to changes in fatigue. Furthermore, an increasing reliance on sleep loss, meant to assist in meeting the demands of modern society, has led to an upsurge in the relevance of identifying dependable countermeasures for fatigued states. As such, we will also review methods for the mitigation of performance effects due to fatigue and discuss their usefulness in regulating these effects. In sum, this review aims to inspire future work that will create opportunities to detect fatigue and mitigate its effects prior to the onset of cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie C. Kayser
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, United States
| | - Vannia A. Puig
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, United States
| | - Justin R. Estepp
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Justin R. Estepp,
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18
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Fortes LS, Ferreira MEC, Faro H, Penna EM, Almeida SS. Brain Stimulation Over the Motion-Sensitive Midtemporal Area Reduces Deleterious Effects of Mental Fatigue on Perceptual-Cognitive Skills in Basketball Players. JOURNAL OF SPORT & EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 44:272-285. [PMID: 35613846 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2021-0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) over the motion-sensitive midtemporal area on perceptual-cognitive skills (visuomotor and basketball decision-making skills) in mentally fatigued basketball players. A total of 20 male basketball players were recruited. This was a randomized, double-blinded, and counterbalanced crossover study with two experimental conditions: a-tDCS and Sham. The participants completed the basketball decision-making task and visuomotor skill after performing a 60-min sport-based videogame task with anodal (i.e., a-tDCS) or placebo (Sham) stimulation over the motion-sensitive middle temporal area. Worse response time was observed in visuomotor skill for Sham than a-tDCS postexperiment (p < .05). There was no main condition effect for accuracy of visuomotor skill (p > .05). There was more impairment in accuracy and response time in basketball decision-making skills for the Sham condition than a-tDCS (p < .05). Notably, a-tDCS over the motion-sensitive middle temporal area removed the negative effects of mental fatigue on perceptual-cognitive skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo S Fortes
- Associate Graduate Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, Joao Pessoa,Brazil
| | - Maria E C Ferreira
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora,Brazil
| | - Heloiana Faro
- Associate Graduate Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, Joao Pessoa,Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Penna
- Graduate Program of Human Movement Science, Federal University of Pará, Belem,Brazil
| | - Sebastião S Almeida
- Environment Determinants Research Group, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto,Brazil
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19
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Dakwar-Kawar O, Berger I, Barzilay S, Grossman ES, Cohen Kadosh R, Nahum M. Examining the Effect of Transcranial Electrical Stimulation and Cognitive Training on Processing Speed in Pediatric Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Pilot Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:791478. [PMID: 35966992 PMCID: PMC9363890 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.791478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveProcessing Speed (PS), the ability to perceive and react fast to stimuli in the environment, has been shown to be impaired in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, it is unclear whether PS can be improved following targeted treatments for ADHD. Here we examined potential changes in PS following application of transcranial electric stimulation (tES) combined with cognitive training (CT) in children with ADHD. Specifically, we examined changes in PS in the presence of different conditions of mental fatigue.MethodsWe used a randomized double-blind active-controlled crossover study of 19 unmedicated children with ADHD. Participants received either anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) or transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS), while completing CT, and the administration order was counterbalanced. PS was assessed before and after treatment using the MOXO-CPT, which measures PS in the presence of various conditions of mental fatigue and cognitive load.ResultstRNS combined with CT yielded larger improvements in PS compared to tDCS combined with CT, mainly under condition of increased mental fatigue. Further improvements in PS were also seen in a 1-week follow up testing.ConclusionThis study provides initial support for the efficacy of tRNS combined with CT in improving PS in the presence of mental fatigue in pediatric ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Dakwar-Kawar
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Itai Berger
- Pediatric Neurology, Assuta-Ashdod University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
- Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Snir Barzilay
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ephraim S. Grossman
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Roi Cohen Kadosh
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Mor Nahum
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- *Correspondence: Mor Nahum,
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20
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Wu Q, Fang G, Zhao J, Liu J. Effect of Transcranial Pulsed Current Stimulation on Fatigue Delay after Medium-Intensity Training. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127042. [PMID: 35742289 PMCID: PMC9222574 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of transcranial pulsed current stimulation (tPCS) on fatigue delay after medium-intensity training. Materials and Methods: Ninety healthy college athletes were randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 45) and control group (n = 45). The experimental group received medium-intensity training for a week. After each training, the experimental group received true stimulation of tPCS (continuous 15 min 1.5 mA current intensity stimulation). The control group received sham stimulation. The physiological and biochemical indicators of participants were tested before and after the experiment, and finally 30 participants in each group were included for data analysis. Results: In the experimental group, creatine kinase (CK), cortisol (C), time-domain heart rate variability indices root mean square of the successive differences (RMSSD), standard deviation of normal R-R intervals (SDNN), and frequency domain indicator low frequency (LF) all increased slowly after the intervention. Among these, CK, C, and SDNN values were significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.05). Testosterone (T), T/C, and heart rate variability frequency domain indicator high frequency (HF) in the experimental group decreased slowly after the intervention, and the HF value was significantly lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05). The changes in all of the indicators in the experimental group were smaller than those in the control group. Conclusion: The application of tPCS after medium-intensity training enhanced the adaptability to training and had a significant effect on the maintenance of physiological state. The application of tPCS can significantly promote the recovery of autonomic nervous system function, enhance the regulation of parasympathetic nerves, and delay the occurrence of fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchang Wu
- College of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China;
| | - Guoliang Fang
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing 100061, China; (G.F.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiexiu Zhao
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing 100061, China; (G.F.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jian Liu
- College of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China;
- Correspondence:
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21
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Fortes LDS, Faro H, de Lima-Junior D, Albuquerque MR, Ferreira MEC. Non-invasive brain stimulation over the orbital prefrontal cortex maintains endurance performance in mentally fatigued swimmers. Physiol Behav 2022; 250:113783. [PMID: 35331714 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) on frontal brain areas might be a promising strategy to mitigates mental fatigue and maintain endurance performance swimmers. OBJECTIVE The objective was to analyze the effect of a-tDCS over the orbital prefrontal cortex (oPFC) on endurance performance of mentally fatigued female amateur swimmer. METHODS Nineteen female amateur swimmers participated in this study. In two experimental visits, the swimmers completed the 3-min all-out tethered swimming after performing a 30-min Stroop test with a-tDCS or placebo (Sham) stimulation over the left-oPFC. The brain stimulation conditions (i.e., a-tDCS and Sham) were performed in a double-blinded and counterbalanced order. RESULTS It was found lower critical force, mean force, force minimum, fatigue index, and aerobic impulse for Sham than a-tDCS (p < 0.05). There was no main effect of condition for peak force (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION We concluded that a-tDCS applied over the left-oPFC in female amateur swimmers mentally fatigued maintained endurance performance. From a practical point of view, the use of a-tDCS should be considered to counteract harmful cognitive effects and maintain endurance performance during competitive race events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heloiana Faro
- Associate Graduate Program of Physical Education of the Federal University of Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Dalton de Lima-Junior
- Associate Graduate Program of Physical Education of the Federal University of Paraíba, Brazil
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22
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Antal A, Luber B, Brem AK, Bikson M, Brunoni AR, Cohen Kadosh R, Dubljević V, Fecteau S, Ferreri F, Flöel A, Hallett M, Hamilton RH, Herrmann CS, Lavidor M, Loo C, Lustenberger C, Machado S, Miniussi C, Moliadze V, Nitsche MA, Rossi S, Rossini PM, Santarnecchi E, Seeck M, Thut G, Turi Z, Ugawa Y, Venkatasubramanian G, Wenderoth N, Wexler A, Ziemann U, Paulus W. Non-invasive brain stimulation and neuroenhancement. Clin Neurophysiol Pract 2022; 7:146-165. [PMID: 35734582 PMCID: PMC9207555 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnp.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The available data frame with a wide parameter space of tES does not allow an overarching protocol recommendation. Established engineering risk-management procedures with regard to manufacturing should be followed. Consensus among experts is that tES for neuroenhancement is safe as long as tested protocols are followed.
Attempts to enhance human memory and learning ability have a long tradition in science. This topic has recently gained substantial attention because of the increasing percentage of older individuals worldwide and the predicted rise of age-associated cognitive decline in brain functions. Transcranial brain stimulation methods, such as transcranial magnetic (TMS) and transcranial electric (tES) stimulation, have been extensively used in an effort to improve cognitive functions in humans. Here we summarize the available data on low-intensity tES for this purpose, in comparison to repetitive TMS and some pharmacological agents, such as caffeine and nicotine. There is no single area in the brain stimulation field in which only positive outcomes have been reported. For self-directed tES devices, how to restrict variability with regard to efficacy is an essential aspect of device design and function. As with any technique, reproducible outcomes depend on the equipment and how well this is matched to the experience and skill of the operator. For self-administered non-invasive brain stimulation, this requires device designs that rigorously incorporate human operator factors. The wide parameter space of non-invasive brain stimulation, including dose (e.g., duration, intensity (current density), number of repetitions), inclusion/exclusion (e.g., subject’s age), and homeostatic effects, administration of tasks before and during stimulation, and, most importantly, placebo or nocebo effects, have to be taken into account. The outcomes of stimulation are expected to depend on these parameters and should be strictly controlled. The consensus among experts is that low-intensity tES is safe as long as tested and accepted protocols (including, for example, dose, inclusion/exclusion) are followed and devices are used which follow established engineering risk-management procedures. Devices and protocols that allow stimulation outside these parameters cannot claim to be “safe” where they are applying stimulation beyond that examined in published studies that also investigated potential side effects. Brain stimulation devices marketed for consumer use are distinct from medical devices because they do not make medical claims and are therefore not necessarily subject to the same level of regulation as medical devices (i.e., by government agencies tasked with regulating medical devices). Manufacturers must follow ethical and best practices in marketing tES stimulators, including not misleading users by referencing effects from human trials using devices and protocols not similar to theirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Antal
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Corresponding author at: Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Robert Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Bruce Luber
- Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anna-Katharine Brem
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marom Bikson
- Biomedical Engineering at the City College of New York (CCNY) of the City University of New York (CUNY), NY, USA
| | - Andre R. Brunoni
- Departamento de Clínica Médica e de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (SIN), Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Institute of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roi Cohen Kadosh
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Veljko Dubljević
- Science, Technology and Society Program, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Shirley Fecteau
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, CERVO Brain Research Centre, Centre intégré universitaire en santé et services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Florinda Ferreri
- Unit of Neurology, Unit of Clinical Neurophysiology, Study Center of Neurodegeneration (CESNE), Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Agnes Flöel
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Standort Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mark Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Roy H. Hamilton
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christoph S. Herrmann
- Experimental Psychology Lab, Department of Psychology, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Michal Lavidor
- Department of Psychology and the Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Israel
| | - Collen Loo
- School of Psychiatry and Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales; The George Institute; Sydney, Australia
| | - Caroline Lustenberger
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sergio Machado
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Neurodiversity Institute, Queimados-RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlo Miniussi
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences – CIMeC and Centre for Medical Sciences - CISMed, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Vera Moliadze
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU, Dortmund, Germany
- Dept. Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Simone Rossi
- Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Paolo M. Rossini
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Brain Connectivity Lab, IRCCS-San Raffaele-Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Precision Neuroscience and Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margitta Seeck
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Thut
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, EEG & Epolepsy Unit, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Zsolt Turi
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yoshikazu Ugawa
- Department of Human Neurophysiology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | - Nicole Wenderoth
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Future Health Technologies, Singapore-ETH Centre, Campus for Research Excellence And Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore
| | - Anna Wexler
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ulf Ziemann
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, University of Tübingen, Germany
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Walter Paulus
- Department of of Neurology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Germany
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Martínez-Pérez V, Tortajada M, Palmero LB, Campoy G, Fuentes LJ. Effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation over right-DLPFC on vigilance tasks depend on the arousal level. Sci Rep 2022; 12:547. [PMID: 35017631 PMCID: PMC8752588 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04607-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Current theoretical accounts on the oscillatory nature of sustained attention predict that entrainment via transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at alpha and theta frequencies on specific areas of the prefrontal cortex could prevent the drops in vigilance across time-on-task. Nonetheless, most previous studies have neglected both the fact that vigilance comprises two dissociable components (i.e., arousal and executive vigilance) and the potential role of differences in arousal levels. We examined the effects of theta- and alpha-tACS over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in both components of vigilance and in participants who differed in arousal level according to their chronotype and time of testing. Intermediate-types performed the vigilance tasks when their arousal level was optimal, whereas evening-types performed the vigilance tasks when their arousal levels were non-optimal. Both theta- and alpha-tACS improved arousal vigilance in the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT), whereas alpha-tACS, but not theta-tACS, improved executive vigilance in the sustained attention to response task (SART), and counteracted the typical vigilance decrement usually observed in this task. Importantly, these stimulation effects were only found when arousal was low (i.e., with evening-types performing the tasks at their non-optimal time of day). The results support the multicomponent view of vigilance, the relevance of heeding individual differences in arousal, and the role of alpha oscillations as a long-range cortical scale synchronization mechanism that compensates the decrements in performance as a function of time-on-task by exerting and maintaining cognitive control attributed to activation of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Martínez-Pérez
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Miriam Tortajada
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Lucía B Palmero
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Guillermo Campoy
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis J Fuentes
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Anodal tDCS augments and preserves working memory beyond time-on-task deficits. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19134. [PMID: 34580390 PMCID: PMC8476579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98636-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been shown to promote working memory (WM), however, its efficacy against time-on-task-related performance decline and associated cognitive fatigue remains uncertain. This study examined the impact of anodal tDCS of the left DLPFC on performance during a fatiguing visuospatial WM test. We adopted a repeated measures design, where 32 healthy adults (16 female), underwent anodal, control and sham tDCS on separate days. They completed an hour long two-back test, with stimulation intensity, onset, and duration set at 1 mA, at the 20th minute for 10 minutes respectively. Task performance, subjective responses, and heart rate variability (HRV) were captured during the experiment. Anodal tDCS substantially improved WM relative to sham tDCS and control in both sexes. These benefits lasted beyond the stimulation interval, and were unique across performance measures. However, no perceptual changes in subjective effort or fatigue levels were noted between conditions, although participants reported greater discomfort during stimulation. While mood and sleepiness changed with time-on-task, reflecting fatigue, these were largely similar across conditions. HRV increased under anodal tDCS and control, and plateaued under sham tDCS. We found that short duration anodal tDCS at 1 mA was an effective countermeasure to time-on-task deficits during a visuospatial two-back task, with enhancement and preservation of WM capacity. However, these improvements were not available at a perceptual level. Therefore, wider investigations are necessary to determine “how” such solutions will be operationalized in the field, especially within human-centered systems.
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Nikooharf Salehi E, Jaydari Fard S, Jaberzadeh S, Zoghi M. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Reduces the Negative Impact of Mental Fatigue on Swimming Performance. J Mot Behav 2021; 54:327-336. [PMID: 34433377 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2021.1962238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The issue of using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to improve sport performance has recently been a topic of interest for researchers. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of tDCS over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on mental fatigue and physical performance in professional swimmers. Fifteen professional swimmers were randomly assigned in a single-blinded, randomized, counterbalanced order to sham, anodal and cathodal stimulation conditions. Mental fatigue was induced by using a 60-min modified Stroop color-word task. Subjective ratings of mental fatigue were measured before and after the stroop task. The results showed that only anodal tDCS of the left DLPFC reduces adverse effects of mental fatigue in 50-meter swimming performance, whereas cathodal stimulation had no significant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Nikooharf Salehi
- Department of Motor Behavior and Sport Psychology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Jaydari Fard
- Institute for Social Science Research, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Shapour Jaberzadeh
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maryam Zoghi
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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26
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Sherwood MS, McIntire L, Madaris AT, Kim K, Ranganath C, McKinley RA. Intensity-Dependent Changes in Quantified Resting Cerebral Perfusion With Multiple Sessions of Transcranial DC Stimulation. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:679977. [PMID: 34456695 PMCID: PMC8397582 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.679977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the left prefrontal cortex has been shown to produce broad behavioral effects including enhanced learning and vigilance. Still, the neural mechanisms underlying such effects are not fully understood. Furthermore, the neural underpinnings of repeated stimulation remain understudied. In this work, we evaluated the effects of the repetition and intensity of tDCS on cerebral perfusion [cerebral blood flow (CBF)]. A cohort of 47 subjects was randomly assigned to one of the three groups. tDCS of 1- or 2-mA was applied to the left prefrontal cortex on three consecutive days, and resting CBF was quantified before and after stimulation using the arterial spin labeling MRI and then compared with a group that received sham stimulation. A widespread decreased CBF was found in a group receiving sham stimulation across the three post-stimulation measures when compared with baseline. In contrast, only slight decreases were observed in the group receiving 2-mA stimulation in the second and third post-stimulation measurements, but more prominent increased CBF was observed across several brain regions including the locus coeruleus (LC). The LC is an integral region in the production of norepinephrine and the noradrenergic system, and an increased norepinephrine/noradrenergic activity could explain the various behavioral findings from the anodal prefrontal tDCS. A decreased CBF was observed in the 1-mA group across the first two post-stimulation measurements, similar to the sham group. This decreased CBF was apparent in only a few small clusters in the third post-stimulation scan but was accompanied by an increased CBF, indicating that the neural effects of stimulation may persist for at least 24 h and that the repeated stimulation may produce cumulative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aaron T. Madaris
- Infoscitex, Inc., Beavercreek, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial and Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Kamin Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Charan Ranganath
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - R. Andy McKinley
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH, United States
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Qi J, Li BZ, Zhang Y, Pan B, Gao YH, Zhan H, Liu Y, Shao YC, Zhang X. Altered insula-prefrontal functional connectivity correlates to decreased vigilant attention after total sleep deprivation. Sleep Med 2021; 84:187-194. [PMID: 34166985 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep deprivation can robustly affect vigilant attention. The insula is a key hub of the salience network that mediates shifting attention between endogenous and exogenous states. However, little is known regarding the involvement of insular functional connectivity in impaired vigilant attention after total sleep deprivation (TSD). The purpose of this study is to explore the alterations in insular functional connectivity and its association with vigilant attention performance following TSD. METHODS Twenty-six adult men were enrolled in the study. Participants underwent two counterbalanced resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scans, once in rested wakefulness (RW) and once after 36 h of TSD. Seed-based functional connectivity analysis was performed using rs-fMRI data for the left and right insula. The vigilant attention was measured using a psychomotor vigilance test (PVT). Furthermore, Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between altered insular functional connectivity and PVT performance. RESULTS Compared to RW, enhanced functional connectivity was observed between the insula and prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex, while reduced functional connectivity was observed between the insula and temporal, parietal, and occipital regions following TSD. Moreover, altered insular functional connectivity with the prefrontal cortex, ie superior frontal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus, and inferior temporal gyrus was correlated with PVT performance after TSD. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that insular coupling with the prefrontal cortex and inferior temporal gyrus may act as neural indicators for vigilant attention impairment, which further reveals the critical role of the salience network in cognitive decline following TSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qi
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Neurology, The Second Medical Center, Sleep Medicine Research Center, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Bo-Zhi Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Medical Center, Sleep Medicine Research Center, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- The Eighth Medical Center of the General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Bei Pan
- Airforce Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yu-Hong Gao
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases, Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Hao Zhan
- Airforce Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong-Cong Shao
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China; School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Medical Center, Sleep Medicine Research Center, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China; School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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28
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Zaehle T. Frontal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation as a Potential Treatment of Parkinson's Disease-Related Fatigue. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11040467. [PMID: 33917684 PMCID: PMC8068015 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11040467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to motor symptoms, non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD) are often poorly recognized and inadequately treated. Fatigue is one of the most common non-motor symptoms in PD and affects a broad range of everyday activities, causes disability, and substantially reduces the quality of life. It occurs at every stage of PD, and once present, it often persists and worsens over time. PD patients attending the 2013 World Parkinson Congress voted fatigue as the leading symptom in need of further research. However, despite its clinical significance, little progress has been made in understanding the causes of Parkinson’s disease-related fatigue (PDRF) and developing effective treatment options, which argues strongly for a greater effort. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a technique to non-invasively modulate cortical excitability by delivering low electrical currents to the cerebral cortex. In the past, it has been consistently evidenced that tDCS has the ability to induce neuromodulatory changes in the motor, sensory, and cognitive domains. Importantly, recent data present tDCS over the frontal cortex as an effective therapeutic option to treat fatigue in patients suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS). The current opinion paper reviews recent data on PDRF and the application of tDCS for the treatment of fatigue in neuropsychiatric disorders to further develop an idea of using frontal anodal tDCS as a potential therapeutic strategy to alleviate one of the most common and severe non-motor symptoms of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tino Zaehle
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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29
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Objective electrophysiological fatigability markers and their modulation through tDCS. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:1721-1732. [PMID: 33867262 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.02.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive fatigability is a frequent symptom after sustained performance. Fatigability is evident in healthy subjects but is also often comorbid in several neuropsychiatric diseases. However, to date, clinical diagnostic almost solely relies on the self-reported subjective experience of fatigue. The goals of this present study were i) to complement the purely subjective fatigue diagnostic with objective electrophysiological fatigability parameters and ii) to prove the potential therapeutic application of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as a fatigability intervention. METHODS We performed a pseudo-randomized, sham-controlled, parallel-group trial. Forty healthy participants received either anodal or sham tDCS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) while they performed an exhaustive cognitive task to induce cognitive fatigability. To assess fatigability changes, we analyzed variations of prepulse inhibition (PPI) and P50 suppression as well as frontomedial theta and occipital alpha power with time-on-task. RESULTS The task reliably induced subjective exhaustion in all participants. Furthermore, we confirmed fatigability-related increases in frontomedial theta and occipital alpha power throughout the task. Additionally, fatigability significantly reduced PPI as well as P50 sensory gating. Anodal tDCS over the left DLPFC successfully counteracted fatigability and reduced the fatigability-related increase in alpha power as well as the decline in both gating parameters. CONCLUSION Occipital alpha and sensorimotor/sensory gating are suitable parameters to assess the severity of fatigability objectively. Anodal tDCS can counteract fatigability and has therapeutic potential for the treatment of fatigability in neuropsychiatric diseases. SIGNIFICANCE Fatigability can be objectively assessed by electrophysiological measures and attenuated by tDCS.
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30
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Moreira A, Machado DGDS, Moscaleski L, Bikson M, Unal G, Bradley PS, Baptista AF, Morya E, Cevada T, Marques L, Zanetti V, Okano AH. Effect of tDCS on well-being and autonomic function in professional male players after official soccer matches. Physiol Behav 2021; 233:113351. [PMID: 33556409 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) used as a recovery strategy, on heart rate (HR) measures and perceived well-being in 12 male professional soccer players. tDCS was applied in the days after official matches targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) with 2 mA for 20 min (F3-F4 montage). Participants were randomly assigned to anodal tDCS (a-tDCS) or sham tDCS sessions. Players completed the Well-Being Questionnaire (WBQ) and performed the Submaximal Running Test (SRT) before and after tDCS. HR during exercise (HRex) was determined during the last 30 s of SRT. HR recovery (HRR) was recorded at 60 s after SRT. The HRR index was calculated from the absolute difference between HRex and HRR. A significant increase was observed for WBQ (effect of time; p<0.001; ηp2=0.417) with no effect for condition or interaction. A decrease in HRR (p = 0.014; ηp2=0.241), and an increase in HRR index were observed (p = 0.045; ηp2=0.168), with no effect for condition or interaction. No change for HRex was evident (p>0.05). These results suggest that a-tDCS over the DLPFC may have a positive effect on enhancing well-being and parasympathetic autonomic markers, which opens up a possibility for testing tDCS as a promising recovery-enhancing strategy targeting the brain in soccer players. The findings suggest that brain areas related to emotional and autonomic control might be involved in these changes with a possible interaction effect of tDCS by placebo-related effects, but more research is needed to verify this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Moreira
- Department of Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology. Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers - The São Paulo Research Foundation (BRAINN/CEPID-FAPESP), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Gomes da Silva Machado
- Graduate Program in Collective Health, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Luciane Moscaleski
- Center of Mathematics, Computation, and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil; Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology. Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers - The São Paulo Research Foundation (BRAINN/CEPID-FAPESP), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York of CUNY, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gozde Unal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York of CUNY, New York, NY, United States
| | - Paul S Bradley
- Research Institute of Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Abrahão F Baptista
- Center of Mathematics, Computation, and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil; Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology. Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers - The São Paulo Research Foundation (BRAINN/CEPID-FAPESP), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Edgard Morya
- Santos Dumont Institute (Instituto Internacional de Neurociências Edmond e Lily Safra), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology. Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers - The São Paulo Research Foundation (BRAINN/CEPID-FAPESP), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Thais Cevada
- Sport Science Program (PPGCEE), State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alexandre Hideki Okano
- Center of Mathematics, Computation, and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil; Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology. Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers - The São Paulo Research Foundation (BRAINN/CEPID-FAPESP), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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31
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Cheng JX, Zhao X, Qiu J, Jiang Y, Ren J, Sun S, Wang R, Su C. Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on performance and recovery sleep during acute sleep deprivation: a pilot study. Sleep Med 2021; 79:124-133. [PMID: 33524838 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies claimed that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) improves cognition in neuropsychiatric patients with cognitive impairment, schizophrenia, organic hypersomnia, etc, but few studies evaluated the effects of tDCS on cognitive improvement following sleep deprivation. The objective of this study was to determine whether tDCS (anode on the left DLPFC and cathode on the right DLPFC with a 2-mA current for 30 min) improves cognition following sleep deprivation. METHODS Seven participants received active tDCS and eight participants received sham tDCS when their cognition declined during at least 30 h of sleep deprivation. All participants completed the psychomotor vigilance task, Trail Making Tests A and B, digit cancellation test, Stroop color word test, the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised and a procedural game every 2 h during the sleep deprivation and after recovery sleep. RESULTS Compared to the sham stimulation, active tDCS (anode on the left DLPFC and cathode on the right DLPFC at a 2-mA current for 30 min) had beneficial effects on attention, memory, executive function, processing speed, and the ability to inhibit cognitive interference, and improved in subjective drowsiness and fatigue following sleep deprivation. The lasting effect of a single tDCS on cognition during sleep deprivation was greater than 2 h. In all participants, tDCS did not disturb recovery sleep, and cognitive performance recovered to the baseline levels after recovery sleep. CONCLUSIONS The study results indicate that tDCS can improve cognition following sleep deprivation and does not disturb recovery sleep or cognitive performance after recovery sleep. The possible pathophysiological mechanisms might be related to the modulation of the corticothalamic pathway. We believe that tDCS can be applied in the treatment of sleep disorders involving sleepiness. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR2000029420. DATE OF REGISTRATION 2020-1-31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xiang Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Xianchao Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jian Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yingcong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jiafeng Ren
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shuyu Sun
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Changjun Su
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Romanella SM, Sprugnoli G, Ruffini G, Seyedmadani K, Rossi S, Santarnecchi E. Noninvasive Brain Stimulation & Space Exploration: Opportunities and Challenges. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 119:294-319. [PMID: 32937115 PMCID: PMC8361862 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
As NASA prepares for longer space missions aiming for the Moon and Mars, astronauts' health and performance are becoming a central concern due to the threats associated with galactic cosmic radiation, unnatural gravity fields, and life in extreme environments. In space, the human brain undergoes functional and structural changes related to fluid shift and changes in intracranial pressure. Behavioral abnormalities, such as cognitive deficits, sleep disruption, and visuomotor difficulties, as well as psychological effects, are also an issue. We discuss opportunities and challenges of noninvasive brain stimulation (NiBS) methods - including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) - to support space exploration in several ways. NiBS includes safe and portable techniques already applied in a wide range of cognitive and motor domains, as well as therapeutically. NiBS could be used to enhance in-flight performance, supporting astronauts during pre-flight Earth-based training, as well as to identify biomarkers of post-flight brain changes for optimization of rehabilitation/compensatory strategies. We review these NiBS techniques and their effects on brain physiology, psychology, and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Romanella
- Siena Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, University of Siena, Italy
| | - G Sprugnoli
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Radiology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - G Ruffini
- Neuroelectrics Corporation, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - K Seyedmadani
- University Space Research Association NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA; Ann and H.J. Smead Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - S Rossi
- Siena Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, University of Siena, Italy; Human Physiology Section, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - E Santarnecchi
- Siena Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, University of Siena, Italy; Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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McIntire LK, McKinley RA, Goodyear C, McIntire JP. The Effects of Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Sleep Time and Efficiency. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:357. [PMID: 33192380 PMCID: PMC7481387 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A single session of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been shown to increase arousal in healthy participants for up to 24 h post-stimulation. However, little is known about the effects of tDCS on subsequent sleep in this population. Based on previous clinical studies, we hypothesized that anodal stimulation to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (lDLPFC) would produce higher arousal with decreased sleep time and stimulation to the primary motor cortex (M1) would have the converse effect. Thirty-six active duty military were randomized into one of three groups (n = 12/group); active anodal tDCS over the lDLPFC, active anodal tDCS over left M1, or sham tDCS. Participants answered questionnaires 3 times a day and wore a wrist activity monitor (WAM) to measure sleep time and efficiency for 3 weeks. On weeks 2 and 3 (order counterbalance), participants received stimulation at 1800 h before 26 h of sustained wakefulness testing (sleep deprived) and at 1800 h without sleep deprivation (non-sleep deprived). There were no significant effects for the non-sleep deprived portion of testing. For the sleep deprived portion of testing, there were main effects of group and night on sleep time. The DLPFC group slept less than the other groups on the second and third night following stimulation. There is no negative effect on mood or sleep quality from a single dose of tDCS when participants have normal sleep patterns (i.e., non-sleep deprived portion of testing). The results suggest that stimulation may result in faster recovery from fatigue caused by acute periods of sleep deprivation, as their recovery sleep periods were less.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey K McIntire
- Infoscitex, Inc., Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - R Andy McKinley
- Air Force Research Laboratory/Applied Neuroscience Branch, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Chuck Goodyear
- Infoscitex, Inc., Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - John P McIntire
- Air Force Research Laboratory/Security and Intelligence Branch, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, United States
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Gorgoni M, D’Atri A, Scarpelli S, Ferrara M, De Gennaro L. The electroencephalographic features of the sleep onset process and their experimental manipulation with sleep deprivation and transcranial electrical stimulation protocols. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 114:25-37. [PMID: 32343983 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Combined and Isolated Effects of Acute Exercise and Brain Stimulation on Executive Function in Healthy Young Adults. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051410. [PMID: 32397614 PMCID: PMC7291170 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract: Acute cognitive enhancement has been sought by healthy young individuals to improve academic and professional performance. Among several methods, physical exercise interventions and transcranial direct current brain stimulation (tDCS) have shown promise in impacting executive functions. Here, we observed a set of new findings about the causal effect of acute aerobic exercise and tDCS across three facets of executive function: Inhibition (as measured by a flanker task) was selectively impacted by acute aerobic exercise but not tDCS, whereas working memory (as measured by an n-back task) was impacted by both acute aerobic exercise and tDCS, with effects emerging on distinct processing components for each manipulation. Sustained attention (as measured by the Mackworth clock task), on the other hand, was not impacted by acute aerobic exercise or tDCS. Interestingly, no effects of combining acute aerobic exercise and tDCS emerged. We argue that understanding the unique and combined contributions of these cognitive enhancement techniques can not only contribute to a deeper mechanistic explanation in healthy individuals but also inform future research with clinical and aging populations.
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Luna FG, Román-Caballero R, Barttfeld P, Lupiáñez J, Martín-Arévalo E. A High-Definition tDCS and EEG study on attention and vigilance: Brain stimulation mitigates the executive but not the arousal vigilance decrement. Neuropsychologia 2020; 142:107447. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Rahimi MD, Fadardi JS, Saeidi M, Bigdeli I, Kashiri R. Effectiveness of cathodal tDCS of the primary motor or sensory cortex in migraine: A randomized controlled trial. Brain Stimul 2020; 13:675-682. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Romero-Martínez Á, Bressanutti S, Moya-Albiol L. A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Techniques to Reduce Violence Proneness by Interfering in Anger and Irritability. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030882. [PMID: 32213818 PMCID: PMC7141522 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of neurocriminology has proposed several treatments (e.g., pharmacological, brain surgery, androgen-deprivation therapy, neurofeedback) to reduce violence proneness, but unfortunately, their effectiveness has been limited due to their side-effects. Therefore, it is necessary to explore alternative techniques to improve patients’ behavioural regulation with minimal undesirable effects. In this regard, non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, which are based on applying changing magnetic fields or electric currents to interfere with cortical excitability, have revealed their usefulness in alleviating the symptomatology of several mental disorders. However, to our knowledge, there are no reviews that assess whether these techniques are useful for reducing violence proneness. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria using the following databases: PsycINFO, PubMed, Dialnet, Psicodoc, Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane Library. We initially identified 3746 entries, and eventually included 56 publications. Most of the studies were unanimous in concluding that the application of these techniques over the prefrontal cortex (PFC) was not sufficient to promote anger and irritability reductions in euthymic individuals of both genders. Nevertheless, the application of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, especially transcranial direct current stimulation, over the right PFC seemed to reduce violent reactions in these individuals by interfering with the interpretation of the unfavourable situations (e.g., threating signals) or inner states that evoked anger. In antisocial and pathological populations, the conclusions were provided by a few pilot studies with important methodological weaknesses. The main conclusion of these studies was that bilateral stimulation of the PFC satisfactorily reduced anger and irritability only in inmates, patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), people who suffered a closed-head injury, and agitated patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Moreover, combining these techniques with risperidone considerably reduced aggressiveness in these patients. Therefore, it is necessary to be cautious about the benefits of these techniques to control anger, due the methodological weaknesses of these studies. Nonetheless, they offer valuable opportunities to prevent violence by designing new treatments combining brain stimulation with current strategies, such as psychotherapy and psychopharmacology, in order to promote lasting changes.
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Irwin C, Khalesi S, Desbrow B, McCartney D. Effects of acute caffeine consumption following sleep loss on cognitive, physical, occupational and driving performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 108:877-888. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Cognitive Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis: An Objective Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment by Transcranial Electrical Stimulation. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9050100. [PMID: 31052593 PMCID: PMC6562441 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9050100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive fatigue is one of the most frequent symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS), associated with significant impairment in daily functioning and quality of life. Despite its clinical significance, progress in understanding and treating fatigue is still limited. This limitation is already caused by an inconsistent and heterogeneous terminology and assessment of fatigue. In this review, we integrate previous literature on fatigue and propose a unified schema aiming to clarify the fatigue taxonomy. With special focus on cognitive fatigue, we survey the significance of objective behavioral and electrophysiological fatigue parameters and discuss the controversial literature on the relationship between subjective and objective fatigue assessment. As MS-related cognitive fatigue drastically affects quality of life, the development of efficient therapeutic approaches for overcoming cognitive fatigue is of high clinical relevance. In this regard, the reliable and valid assessment of the individual fatigue level by objective parameters is essential for systematic treatment evaluation and optimization. Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) may offer a unique opportunity to manipulate maladaptive neural activity underlying MS fatigue. Therefore, we discuss evidence for the therapeutic potential of tES on cognitive fatigue in people with MS.
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Davis SE, Smith GA. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Use in Warfighting: Benefits, Risks, and Future Prospects. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:114. [PMID: 31105538 PMCID: PMC6499187 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique which provides unique potential to directly improve human capability on a temporary, at needs, basis. The purpose of this paper is to consider the utility of tDCS through analysis of the potential risks and benefits in the context of defence service personnel. First, we look at the potential benefits, focusing primarily on warfighter survivability and enriching cognition quality in support of command and control. Second, we look at the potential detriments to tDCS military use, focusing on adverse effects, safety considerations, and risk. Third, we examine how the level of risk can be mitigated through military doctrine development focusing on safety parameters and exclusion criteria. Finally, we explore the future prospects of military tDCS use, particularly in terms of addressing gaps in the literature so that tDCS can be used ethically and efficaciously at the level of individual personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Davis
- Joint and Operational Analysis Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Edinburgh, SA, Australia
| | - Glen A Smith
- Institute of Integrated and Intelligent Systems, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
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Dalong G, Jiyuan L, Ying Z, Lei Z, Yanhong H, Yongcong S. Transcranial direct current stimulation reconstructs diminished thalamocortical connectivity during prolonged resting wakefulness: a resting-state fMRI pilot study. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 14:278-288. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9979-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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The Efficacy of Transcranial Current Stimulation Techniques to Modulate Resting-State EEG, to Affect Vigilance and to Promote Sleepiness. Brain Sci 2018; 8:brainsci8070137. [PMID: 30037023 PMCID: PMC6071002 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8070137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial Current Stimulations (tCSs) are non-invasive brain stimulation techniques which modulate cortical excitability and spontaneous brain activity by the application of weak electric currents through the scalp, in a safe, economic, and well-tolerated manner. The direction of the cortical effects mainly depend on the polarity and the waveform of the applied current. The aim of the present work is to provide a broad overview of recent studies in which tCS has been applied to modulate sleepiness, sleep, and vigilance, evaluating the efficacy of different stimulation techniques and protocols. In recent years, there has been renewed interest in these stimulations and their ability to affect arousal and sleep dynamics. Furthermore, we critically review works that, by means of stimulating sleep/vigilance patterns, in the sense of enhancing or disrupting them, intended to ameliorate several clinical conditions. The examined literature shows the efficacy of tCSs in modulating sleep and arousal pattern, likely acting on the top-down pathway of sleep regulation. Finally, we discuss the potential application in clinical settings of this neuromodulatory technique as a therapeutic tool for pathological conditions characterized by alterations in sleep and arousal domains and for sleep disorders per se.
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Fitzgibbon B, Hoy K, Knox L, Guymer E, Littlejohn G, Elliot D, Wambeek L, McQueen S, Elford K, Lee S, Enticott P, Fitzgerald P. Evidence for the improvement of fatigue in fibromyalgia: A 4‐week left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation randomized‐controlled trial. Eur J Pain 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B.M. Fitzgibbon
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre (MAPrc) the Alfred and Central Clinical School Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - K.E. Hoy
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre (MAPrc) the Alfred and Central Clinical School Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - L.A. Knox
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre (MAPrc) the Alfred and Central Clinical School Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - E.K. Guymer
- Department of Rheumatology Monash Health Clayton VIC Australia
- Department of Medicine Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - G. Littlejohn
- Department of Rheumatology Monash Health Clayton VIC Australia
- Department of Medicine Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - D. Elliot
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre (MAPrc) the Alfred and Central Clinical School Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - L.E. Wambeek
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre (MAPrc) the Alfred and Central Clinical School Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - S. McQueen
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre (MAPrc) the Alfred and Central Clinical School Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - K.A. Elford
- Department of Rheumatology Monash Health Clayton VIC Australia
| | - S.J. Lee
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre (MAPrc) the Alfred and Central Clinical School Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
- Department of Psychiatry Alfred Health Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - P.G. Enticott
- Deakin Child Study Centre School of Psychology Deakin University Burwood VIC Australia
| | - P.B. Fitzgerald
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre (MAPrc) the Alfred and Central Clinical School Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
- Epworth Clinic Epworth Healthcare Camberwell VIC Australia
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