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Kruchevsky D, Levanon S, Givon A, Bodas M, Ramon Y, Ullmann Y, Zeltzer AA. Burns During Coronavirus Disease 19 Lockdown: a Multi-Center Retrospective Study in Israel. J Burn Care Res 2022; 44:75-80. [PMID: 35666996 PMCID: PMC9214151 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irac078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic forced many countries into lockdowns to limit the spread of infection. Israel's containment measures included school closures, mobility restrictions, and workforce reductions. Our study evaluated the effect of COVID-19 on the occurrence and patterns of burn injuries. The study data was obtained via retrospective chart review of burn patients treated between March 15, 2020 and April 30, 2020, namely the period of strict national lockdown. This data was compared against data from paralleling periods between 2017 and 2019. A total of 686 patients were treated for burn injuries in the two study periods. Age group analysis revealed an increased ratio of pediatric patients aged 0-3 years during the lockdown (55.91% vs 40.79%, P = .002). In contrast, there were fewer patients presenting with burn injuries in the 7-16 and 17-29 age groups (9.66% vs 3.15%, P = .017; 16.46% vs 7.09%, P = .007, respectively). During both study periods, scald injuries were the most common burn etiology and burn injuries occurred most often at home. This predominance was further pronounced during the lockdown (71.65% vs 58.68%, P = .007; 90.55% vs 74.60%, P = .0001, respectively). The lockdown period underlined the danger faced by pediatric patients in their household environment. This danger was possibly compounded by an improper level of adult supervision as parents transitioned to remote work. These findings can educate us about factors that render burn injuries more likely not only during lockdowns, but also during regular times, thus shaping the development of burn prevention practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dani Kruchevsky
- Address correspondence to Dani Kruchevsky, MD, Rambam Health Care Campus, HaAliya HaShniya St 8, Haifa 31096, Israel.
| | - Shir Levanon
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute, Haifa, Israel
| | - Adi Givon
- Israel National Center for Trauma and Emergency Medicine Research, Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Moran Bodas
- Israel National Center for Trauma and Emergency Medicine Research, Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Tel Hashomer, Israel,School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Yitzchak Ramon
- Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Department, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yehuda Ullmann
- Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Department, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Assaf A Zeltzer
- Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Department, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel,Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute, Haifa, Israel
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Charvillat O, Plancq MC, Haraux E, Gouron R, Klein C. Epidemiological analysis of burn injuries in children during the first COVID-19 lockdown, and a comparison with the previous five years. ANN CHIR PLAST ESTH 2021; 66:285-290. [PMID: 34229909 PMCID: PMC8254538 DOI: 10.1016/j.anplas.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Child burns rank among the most frequent domestic accidents in France. COVID-19 lockdown between March 16th and May 11th of 2020 increased time spent at home by children. Material This retrospective, observational study described the epidemiological impact of COVID-19 lockdown on child burns in a pediatric surgery department compared with previous five years. Child burns in the previous five years constituted the “before COVID-19 group” as the reference group. Child burns during the first lockdown formed the “COVID-19 group”. Demographics characteristics, the delay before first attendance at the surgery department, burns characteristics, the place of the incident, need of skin graft, and child reactions to trauma or isolation were recorded for these two groups. Results A total of thirty-seven children were included, 16 of them in the COVID-19 group. In the COVID-19 group, burned children were mainly boys, with a median age of 18 months. The median time before first attendance was four days. Main burns characteristics were to be deep partial thickness burns, involved lower limbs, caused by scalding. All burns occurred at home. Half parents reported child reactions to trauma or isolation among their children before burn injury. Conclusion The incidence of child burn injuries in the COVID-19 group was higher compared to the before COVID-19 group, but no increased delay to attendance recorded. Time spent at home and psychosocial impact of lockdown might partially explain this high incidence rate of child burns. Level of evidence IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Charvillat
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Jules Verne University of Picardie and Amiens Picardie University Medical Center, Amiens, France
| | - M-C Plancq
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Jules Verne University of Picardie and Amiens Picardie University Medical Center, Amiens, France
| | - E Haraux
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Jules Verne University of Picardie and Amiens Picardie University Medical Center, Amiens, France
| | - R Gouron
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Jules Verne University of Picardie and Amiens Picardie University Medical Center, Amiens, France
| | - C Klein
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Jules Verne University of Picardie and Amiens Picardie University Medical Center, Amiens, France.
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Kruchevsky D, Arraf M, Levanon S, Capucha T, Ramon Y, Ullmann Y. Trends in Burn Injuries in Northern Israel During the COVID-19 Lockdown. J Burn Care Res 2021; 42:135-140. [PMID: 32914186 PMCID: PMC7499677 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/iraa154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 obliged many countries to apply lockdown policies to contain the spread of infection. The restrictions in Israel included limitations on movement, reduction of working capacity, and closure of the educational system. The present study focused on patients treated at a referral center for burns in northern Israel. Their goal was to investigate temporal variations in burn injuries during this period. Data were retrospectively extracted from the medical records of burn patients treated at our hospital between March 14, 2020 and April 20, 2020 (ie, the period of aggravated lockdown). Data from this period were compared with that from paralleling periods between 2017 and 2019. During the lockdown and paralleling periods, 178 patients were treated for burn injuries, of whom 44% were under 18. Although no restrictions were enforced during the virus outbreak period with regard to seeking medical care, we noticed a decrease in the number of patients admitted to the emergency room for all reasons. Of particular interest was a 66% decrease in the number of adult burn patients (P < .0001). Meanwhile, among the pediatric population, no significant decrease was observed. Nonetheless, subgroups with higher susceptibility to burn injuries included children aged 2 to 5 years (56.3% vs 23.8%, P = .016) and female patients from all pediatric age groups (57.1% vs 25%, P = .027). These findings may be explained by the presumably busier kitchen and dining areas during the lockdown. Overall, the study results can assist with building a stronger understanding of varying burn injuries and with developing educational and preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dani Kruchevsky
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Maher Arraf
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shir Levanon
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tal Capucha
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yitzchak Ramon
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yehuda Ullmann
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
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Duek OS, Ben Naftali Y, Pikkel YY, Ouzlaner A, Berns M, Ramon Y, Ullmann Y. Coffee break - Epidemiologic analysis, traditions & holidays that increase burn risk of pediatric patients. Burns 2020; 47:1424-1428. [PMID: 33422357 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burns are estimated to cause up to 1% of admissions to emergency department in low- and middle-income countries, and up to 220 admissions per 100 K people in high income countries. Knowing the special features in every population could help formulate prevention strategies tailored for the specific group targeted and thus help decrease the incidence of burns in the general population. PATIENTS AND METHODS We examined all patients files admitted to the Rappaport hospital within Rambam Medical Center between the years 2012-2016. RESULTS Male admissions accounted for 57% (18.1 per 100 K life years) of all admissions. Scald was the most prominent cause of burn in all the cohort subgroups, with 65% of all burns. The specific cause of scald varied in the subgroups. Burns usually happened during weekend (p < 0.001). Transition seasons, i.e. autumn and spring, were the most dangerous for our cohort (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Pediatric burn patterns were found correlate to population, timing, and customs. Mapping the hazardous rituals that may cause burns in different populations, is the first step towards prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- O S Duek
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Y Ben Naftali
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Y Y Pikkel
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - A Ouzlaner
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - M Berns
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Y Ramon
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Y Ullmann
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
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Dinesh A, Polanco T, Khan K, Ramcharan A, Engdahl R. Our Inner-city Children Inflicted With Burns: A Retrospective Analysis of Pediatric Burn Admissions at Harlem Hospital, NY. J Burn Care Res 2020; 39:995-999. [PMID: 29771374 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/iry026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric burns in the urban environment present special problems. Communities in the inner-city may be unique with hardships due to various socioeconomic factors. Few, if any, papers have specifically sought to analyze pediatric burns in the inner-city, and there has been no report to date reviewing Harlem New York City, one of the most challenged areas in the nation. The aim of this study is to understand the prehospital circumstances and socioeconomic factors of affected patients, hospital care, and management of pediatric patients admitted with burns in Harlem. A retrospective review was performed of all the patients aged 0 to 18 years old admitted to the burn care unit from January 2006 to May 2017. Data collected included age, gender, ethnicity, burn mechanism, total burn surface area, first aid and management, socioeconomic factors including parental supervision, single or binary parenting, caregiver financial and employment status, New York City Administration for Children's Services (ACS) child protective services reporting for child abuse or neglect. Analysis was done using Microsoft Excel 2016 and SPSS statistics v23. A total of 177 pediatric burn patient admissions were included. The majority of the patients were toddlers (1-5 years of age). The most common type was scald burns. The average TBSA burnt was approximately 9%. Nearly all the injuries occurred at home with more being during winter months. Strikingly, the majority of patients, over 75%, did not receive appropriate first aid measures. Moreover, socioeconomic issues were significant with 60% of patients having single parents, approximately 35% with lack of supervision and neglect or abuse reported in 25% of these cases. Unemployment rate of the caregiver was high, with 50% unemployed or in between jobs. In 73% of the patients, their parents were receiving some form of social aid for childcare and sustenance of family needs. Pediatric burns are a major public health issue. An understanding of community variations with these injuries is essential taking into account socioeconomic challenges that these children face. Our inner-city hospital pediatric burn admissions have substantial caregiver and socioeconomic challenges in excess of traditionally reported in the literature. Most injuries occurred at home and the majority lacked proper prehospital first aid care. This analysis is informative, providing professionals and caregivers topics of consideration regarding safe practices at home, appropriate first aid measures, prevalent socioeconomic issues in our community in Harlem. There is a need to address socioeconomic factors which may potentially prevent pediatric burn admissions in these inner-city communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anant Dinesh
- Department of Surgery, Harlem Hospital Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Thais Polanco
- Department of Surgery, Harlem Hospital Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Khuram Khan
- Department of Surgery, Harlem Hospital Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Alexius Ramcharan
- Department of Surgery, Harlem Hospital Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Ryan Engdahl
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Harlem Hospital Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Davies K, Johnson EL, Hollén L, Jones HM, Lyttle MD, Maguire S, Kemp AM. Incidence of medically attended paediatric burns across the UK. Inj Prev 2019; 26:24-30. [PMID: 30792345 PMCID: PMC7027111 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2018-042881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective Childhood burns represent a burden on health services, yet the full extent of the problem is difficult to quantify. We estimated the annual UK incidence from primary care (PC), emergency attendances (EA), hospital admissions (HA) and deaths. Methods The population was children (0–15 years), across England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland (NI), with medically attended burns 2013–2015. Routinely collected data sources included PC attendances from Clinical Practice Research Datalink 2013–2015), EAs from Paediatric Emergency Research in the United Kingdom and Ireland (PERUKI, 2014) and National Health Services Wales Informatics Services, HAs from Hospital Episode Statistics, National Services Scotland and Social Services and Public Safety (2014), and mortality from the Office for National Statistics, National Records of Scotland and NI Statistics and Research Agency 2013–2015. The population denominators were based on Office for National Statistics mid-year population estimates. Results The annual PC burns attendance was 16.1/10 000 persons at risk (95% CI 15.6 to 16.6); EAs were 35.1/10 000 persons at risk (95% CI 34.7 to 35.5) in England and 28.9 (95% CI 27.5 to 30.3) in Wales. HAs ranged from 6.0/10 000 person at risk (95% CI 5.9 to 6.2) in England to 3.1 in Wales and Scotland (95% CI 2.7 to 3.8 and 2.7 to 3.5, respectively) and 2.8 (95% CI 2.4 to 3.4) in NI. In England, Wales and Scotland, 75% of HAs were aged <5 years. Mortality was low with 0.1/1 000 000 persons at risk (95% CI 0.06 to 0.2). Conclusions With an estimated 19 574 PC attendances, 37 703 EAs (England and Wales only), 6639 HAs and 1–6 childhood deaths annually, there is an urgent need to improve UK childhood burns prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Davies
- Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Emma Louise Johnson
- Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Linda Hollén
- Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK.,Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,The Scar Free Foundation Centre for Children's Burn Research, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Hywel M Jones
- Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mark D Lyttle
- Emergency Department, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK.,Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK.,Paediatric Emergency Research, Ireland, UK
| | - Sabine Maguire
- Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK.,The Scar Free Foundation Centre for Children's Burn Research, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Alison Mary Kemp
- Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK .,The Scar Free Foundation Centre for Children's Burn Research, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
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Khadra C, Ballard A, Déry J, Paquin D, Fortin JS, Perreault I, Labbe DR, Hoffman HG, Bouchard S, LeMay S. Projector-based virtual reality dome environment for procedural pain and anxiety in young children with burn injuries: a pilot study. J Pain Res 2018; 11:343-353. [PMID: 29491717 PMCID: PMC5817417 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s151084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virtual reality (VR) is a non-pharmacological method to distract from pain during painful procedures. However, it was never tested in young children with burn injuries undergoing wound care. AIM We aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the study process and the use of VR for procedural pain management. METHODS From June 2016 to January 2017, we recruited children from 2 months to 10 years of age with burn injuries requiring a hydrotherapy session in a pediatric university teaching hospital in Montreal. Each child received the projector-based VR intervention in addition to the standard pharmacological treatment. Data on intervention and study feasibility and acceptability in addition to measures on pain (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability scale), baseline (Modified Smith Scale) and procedural (Procedure Behavior Check List) anxiety, comfort (OCCEB-BECCO [behavioral observational scale of comfort level for child burn victims]), and sedation (Ramsay Sedation Scale) were collected before, during, and after the procedure. Data analyses included descriptive and non-parametric inferential statistics. RESULTS We recruited 15 children with a mean age of 2.2±2.1 years and a mean total body surface area of 5% (±4). Mean pain score during the procedure was low (2.9/10, ±3), as was the discomfort level (2.9/10, ±2.8). Most children were cooperative, oriented, and calm. Assessing anxiety was not feasible with our sample of participants. The prototype did not interfere with the procedure and was considered useful for procedural pain management by most health care professionals. CONCLUSION The projector-based VR is a feasible and acceptable intervention for procedural pain management in young children with burn injuries. A larger trial with a control group is required to assess its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Khadra
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ariane Ballard
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Johanne Déry
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Direction of Nursing, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David Paquin
- Department in Creation and New Media, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada
| | | | - Isabelle Perreault
- Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David R Labbe
- Department of Software and IT Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hunter G Hoffman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stéphane Bouchard
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvie LeMay
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
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The management of small area burns and unexpected illness after burn in children under five years of age - A costing study in the English healthcare setting. Burns 2017; 44:188-194. [PMID: 28823470 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this economic study was to evaluate the resource use and cost associated with the management of small area burns, including the additional costs associated with unexpected illness after burn in children of less than five years of age. This study was conducted as a secondary analysis of a multi-centre prospective observational cohort study investigating the physiological response to burns in children. 452 children were included in the economic analysis (median age=1.60years, 61.3% boys, median total burn surface area [TBSA]=1.00%) with a mean length of stay of 0.69 days. Of these children, 21.5% re-presented to medical care with an unexpected illness within fourteen days of injury. The cost of managing a burn of less than 10% TBSA in a child less than five years of age was £785. The additional cost associated with the management of illness after burn was £1381. A generalised linear regression model was used to determine the association between an unexpected illness after burn, presenting child characteristics and NHS cost. Our findings may be of value to those planning economic evaluations of novel technologies in burn care.
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Abstract
Purpose Our objective was to determine the risk factors for inpatient admission of pediatric burn patients. Materials & methods This cross-sectional study uses data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids' Inpatient Database (HCUP KID) for the years of 2003, 2006, 2009, and 2012 to estimate the risk factors for inpatient admission for pediatric patients who sustained a burn injury. Patients who sustained a burn between the ages of 1 and 18 years were included. Results A total of 43,453 patients met inclusion criteria. Of those, 42.3% were Caucasian, 20.1% were African American, and 19.3% were Hispanic. Males comprised 63.5% of the studied population. The month of July was associated with a 31.8% increased chance (p=.011) of being admitted to hospital for a pediatric burn. It was found that patients being admitted had a 32.2% increased chance (p=.002) of a fluid and electrolyte abnormality and a 61.0% increased chance (p=.027) of drug abuse. Conclusions Pediatric burn patients are more likely to be admitted to the hospital having a fluid and electrolyte abnormality, having a drug abuse status, and/or during the month of July.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin To
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine
| | - Yana Puckett
- Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
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10
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Varley A, Sarginson J, Young A. Evidence-based first aid advice for paediatric burns in the United Kingdom. Burns 2015; 42:571-7. [PMID: 26655279 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2015.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burn and scald injuries are common in children. First aid advice for paediatric burns is offered by a range of health organisations and charities in the UK. Despite this, children still present to emergency departments and burn services having received little or inadequate first aid. METHOD A survey was undertaken regarding the content and consistency of the advice given by a cross-section of UK health organisations involved in first aid prevention and education. The advice was subsequently examined to determine if it was evidence-based. RESULTS Our study has demonstrated inconsistencies in the content of the first aid advice provided by the 21 organisations included in the study. Seventy-one percent of the information was only available online. The temperature, method and duration of cooling varied substantially, as did the advice recommended for the removal of clothing and jewellery and methods for covering the burn immediately after injury. Results from the literature review concluded the following based on available evidence; cool the burn with running tap water for 20min, remove clothing and jewellery and cover the burn with cling film or a clean non-adhesive dressing. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the lack of consistency between first aid guidance provided by health organisations and charities in the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Varley
- The Healing Foundation Children's Burns Research Centre, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Paul O'Gorman Building, Upper Maudlin St., Bristol, BS2 8BJ, UK
| | - Julia Sarginson
- The Healing Foundation Children's Burns Research Centre, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Paul O'Gorman Building, Upper Maudlin St., Bristol, BS2 8BJ, UK
| | - Amber Young
- The Healing Foundation Children's Burns Research Centre, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Paul O'Gorman Building, Upper Maudlin St., Bristol, BS2 8BJ, UK.
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Stockton KA, Harvey J, Kimble RM. A prospective observational study investigating all children presenting to a specialty paediatric burns centre. Burns 2014; 41:476-83. [PMID: 25451145 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2014.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND METHOD The aim of this study was to describe the mechanism of injury and outcome of all children who presented to The Stuart Pegg Paediatric Burns Centre (SPPBC) with a burn injury in the year 2013. A detailed proforma was completed prospectively at time of presentation to hospital. RESULTS During the one year period, 758 children with a median age of 2 years 3 months presented with a burn injury. Overall, 12.7% of patients (n=96) were initially treated as inpatients. Similarities existed between in and outpatients. Over half the children admitted had a scald injury (53.1%). Whilst slightly higher than the outpatient scald rate of 43.1% there was no statistical significant difference. However, there was a significant difference between inpatients and outpatients with respect to other mechanisms of injury. Contact burns were under represented in inpatients (27.1%) compared to outpatients (44.5%), p<0.05. In contrast, flame burns were over represented in inpatients, 11.5% compared to outpatients, 2.9% (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Paediatric burns are a common cause of childhood injury. The majority of children present with small to medium sized partial thickness injuries and are managed as outpatients. In order to understand the true impact of paediatric burn injury and to develop appropriate targeted injury prevention campaigns, data repositories must include detailed information regarding outpatient paediatric burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Stockton
- Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research, Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Queensland, Australia.
| | - J Harvey
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - R M Kimble
- Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research, Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Queensland, Australia; Stuart Pegg Paediatric Burns Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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