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Wang Y. The interplay of exercise and polyphenols in cancer treatment: A focus on oxidative stress and antioxidant mechanisms. Phytother Res 2024; 38:3459-3488. [PMID: 38690720 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Exercise has been demonstrated to induce an elevated production of free radicals, leading to the onset of oxidative stress. Numerous studies highlight the positive impacts of aerobic exercise, primarily attributed to the increase in overall antioxidant capacity. The evidence suggests that engaging in aerobic exercise contributes to a reduction in the likelihood of advanced cancer and mortality. Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between the generation of free radicals and the collective antioxidant defense system, encompassing both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. Typically, oxidative stress triggers the formation of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species, instigating or advancing various issues in cancers and other diseases. The pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance serves as a direct measure of this imbalance in oxidative stress. Polyphenols contain a variety of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, flavanols, and phenolic acids, conferring antioxidant properties. Previous research highlights the potential of polyphenols as antioxidants, with documented effects on reducing cancer risk by influencing processes such as proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. This is primarily attributed to their recognized antioxidant capabilities. Considering the extensive array of signaling pathways associated with exercise and polyphenols, this overview will specifically focus on oxidative stress, the antioxidant efficacy of polyphenols and exercise, and their intricate interplay in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Wang
- College of Physical Education, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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2
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Della Via FI, Alvarez MC, Basting RT, Saad STO. The Effects of Green Tea Catechins in Hematological Malignancies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1021. [PMID: 37513933 PMCID: PMC10385775 DOI: 10.3390/ph16071021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Green tea catechins are bioactive polyphenol compounds which have attracted significant attention for their diverse biological activities and potential health benefits. Notably, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has emerged as a potent apoptosis inducer through mechanisms involving caspase activation, modulation of Bcl-2 family proteins, disruption of survival signaling pathways and by regulating the redox balance, inducing oxidative stress. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests that green tea catechins can modulate epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation and histone modifications. In addition to their apoptotic actions, ROS signaling effects and reversal of epigenetic alterations, green tea catechins have shown promising results in promoting the differentiation of leukemia cells. This review highlights the comprehensive actions of green tea catechins and provides valuable insights from clinical trials investigating the therapeutic potential of green tea catechins in leukemia treatment. Understanding these multifaceted mechanisms and the outcomes of clinical trials may pave the way for the development of innovative strategies and the integration of green tea catechins into clinical practice for improving leukemia patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Isabel Della Via
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, University of Campinas/Hemocentro, UNICAMP, Rua Carlos Chagas 480, Campinas 13083-878, SP, Brazil
| | - Marisa Claudia Alvarez
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, University of Campinas/Hemocentro, UNICAMP, Rua Carlos Chagas 480, Campinas 13083-878, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosanna Tarkany Basting
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, University of Campinas/Hemocentro, UNICAMP, Rua Carlos Chagas 480, Campinas 13083-878, SP, Brazil
| | - Sara Teresinha Olalla Saad
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, University of Campinas/Hemocentro, UNICAMP, Rua Carlos Chagas 480, Campinas 13083-878, SP, Brazil
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Ambrosio FA, Costa G, Gallo Cantafio ME, Torcasio R, Trapasso F, Alcaro S, Viglietto G, Amodio N. Natural Agents as Novel Potential Source of Proteasome Inhibitors with Anti-Tumor Activity: Focus on Multiple Myeloma. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031438. [PMID: 36771100 PMCID: PMC9919276 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an aggressive and incurable disease for most patients, characterized by periods of treatment, remission and relapse. The introduction of new classes of drugs, such as proteasome inhibitors (PIs), has improved survival outcomes in these patient populations. The proteasome is the core of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), a complex and conserved pathway involved in the control of multiple cellular processes, including cell cycle control, transcription, DNA damage repair, protein quality control and antigen presentation. To date, PIs represent the gold standard for the treatment of MM. Bortezomib was the first PI approved by the FDA, followed by next generation of PIs, namely carfilzomib and ixazomib. Natural agents play an important role in anti-tumor drug discovery, and many of them have recently been reported to inhibit the proteasome, thus representing a new potential source of anti-MM drugs. Based on the pivotal biological role of the proteasome and on PIs' significance in the management of MM, in this review we aim to briefly summarize recent evidence on natural compounds capable of inhibiting the proteasome, thus triggering anti-MM activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Alessandra Ambrosio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Campus “S. Venuta”, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giosuè Costa
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (N.A.)
| | - Maria Eugenia Gallo Cantafio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Campus “S. Venuta”, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Torcasio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Campus “S. Venuta”, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (Di.B.E.S.T.), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Francesco Trapasso
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Campus “S. Venuta”, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Associazione CRISEA—Centro di Ricerca e Servizi Avanzati per l’Innovazione Rurale, Loc. Condoleo, 88055 Belcastro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Viglietto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Campus “S. Venuta”, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Campus “S. Venuta”, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (N.A.)
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Ahmed MB, Islam SU, Alghamdi AAA, Kamran M, Ahsan H, Lee YS. Phytochemicals as Chemo-Preventive Agents and Signaling Molecule Modulators: Current Role in Cancer Therapeutics and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15765. [PMID: 36555406 PMCID: PMC9779495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the deadliest non communicable diseases. Numerous anticancer medications have been developed to target the molecular pathways driving cancer. However, there has been no discernible increase in the overall survival rate in cancer patients. Therefore, innovative chemo-preventive techniques and agents are required to supplement standard cancer treatments and boost their efficacy. Fruits and vegetables should be tapped into as a source of compounds that can serve as cancer therapy. Phytochemicals play an important role as sources of new medication in cancer treatment. Some synthetic and natural chemicals are effective for cancer chemoprevention, i.e., the use of exogenous medicine to inhibit or impede tumor development. They help regulate molecular pathways linked to the development and spread of cancer. They can enhance antioxidant status, inactivating carcinogens, suppressing proliferation, inducing cell cycle arrest and death, and regulating the immune system. While focusing on four main categories of plant-based anticancer agents, i.e., epipodophyllotoxin, camptothecin derivatives, taxane diterpenoids, and vinca alkaloids and their mode of action, we review the anticancer effects of phytochemicals, like quercetin, curcumin, piperine, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and gingerol. We examine the different signaling pathways associated with cancer and how inflammation as a key mechanism is linked to cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal Ahmed
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Salman Ul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Cecos University, Peshawar, Street 1, Sector F 5 Phase 6 Hayatabad, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Kamran
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, M310, 35 Stirling Hwy, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Haseeb Ahsan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Young Sup Lee
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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George BP, Chandran R, Abrahamse H. Role of Phytochemicals in Cancer Chemoprevention: Insights. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091455. [PMID: 34573087 PMCID: PMC8466984 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a condition where the body cells multiply in an uncontrollable manner. Chemoprevention of cancer is a broad term that describes the involvement of external agents to slow down or suppress cancer growth. Synthetic and natural compounds are found useful in cancer chemoprevention. The occurrence of global cancer type varies, depending on many factors such as environmental, lifestyle, genetic etc. Cancer is often preventable in developed countries with advanced treatment modalities, whereas it is a painful death sentence in developing and low-income countries due to the lack of modern therapies and awareness. One best practice to identify cancer control measures is to study the origin and risk factors associated with common types. Based on these factors and the health status of patients, stage, and severity of cancer, type of treatment is decided. Even though there are well-established therapies, cancer still stands as one of the major causes of death and a public health burden globally. Research shows that most cancers can be prevented, treated, or the incidence can be delayed. Phytochemicals from various medicinal plants were reported to reduce various risk factors associated with different types of cancer through their chemopreventive role. This review highlights the role of bioactive compounds or natural products from plants in the chemoprevention of cancer. There are many plant based dietary factors involved in the chemoprevention process. The review discusses the process of carcinogenesis and chemoprevention using plants and phytocompounds, with special reference to five major chemopreventive phytocompounds. The article also summarizes the important chemopreventive mechanisms and signaling molecules involved in the process. Since the role of antioxidants in chemoprevention is inevitable, an insight into plant-based antioxidant compounds that fight against this dreadful disease at various stages of carcinogenesis and disease progression is discussed. This will fill the research gap in search of chemopreventive natural compounds and encourage scientists in clinical trials of anticancer agents from plants.
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Alaswad HA, Mahbub AA, Le Maitre CL, Jordan-Mahy N. Molecular Action of Polyphenols in Leukaemia and Their Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063085. [PMID: 33802972 PMCID: PMC8002821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukaemia is a malignant disease of the blood. Current treatments for leukaemia are associated with serious side-effects. Plant-derived polyphenols have been identified as potent anti-cancer agents and have been shown to work synergistically with standard chemotherapy agents in leukaemia cell lines. Polyphenols have multiple mechanisms of action and have been reported to decrease cell proliferation, arrest cell cycle and induce apoptosis via the activation of caspase (3, 8 and 9); the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and the release of cytochrome c. Polyphenols have been shown to suppress activation of transcription factors, including NF-kB and STAT3. Furthermore, polyphenols have pro-oxidant properties, with increasing evidence that polyphenols inhibit the antioxidant activity of glutathione, causing oxidative DNA damage. Polyphenols also induce autophagy-driven cancer cell death and regulate multidrug resistance proteins, and thus may be able to reverse resistance to chemotherapy agents. This review examines the molecular mechanism of action of polyphenols and discusses their potential therapeutic targets. Here, we discuss the pharmacological properties of polyphenols, including their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-tumour activities, and suggest that polyphenols are potent natural agents that can be useful therapeutically; and discuss why data on bioavailability, toxicity and metabolism are essential to evaluate their clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza A. Alaswad
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, Sheffield Hallam University, The Owen Building, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; (H.A.A.); (C.L.L.M.)
| | - Amani A. Mahbub
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 715, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Christine L. Le Maitre
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, Sheffield Hallam University, The Owen Building, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; (H.A.A.); (C.L.L.M.)
| | - Nicola Jordan-Mahy
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, Sheffield Hallam University, The Owen Building, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; (H.A.A.); (C.L.L.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-0114-225-3120
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O’Neill EJ, Termini D, Albano A, Tsiani E. Anti-Cancer Properties of Theaflavins. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040987. [PMID: 33668434 PMCID: PMC7917939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease characterized by aberrant proliferative and apoptotic signaling pathways, leading to uncontrolled proliferation of cancer cells combined with enhanced survival and evasion of cell death. Current treatment strategies are sometimes ineffective in eradicating more aggressive, metastatic forms of cancer, indicating the need to develop novel therapeutics targeting signaling pathways which are essential for cancer progression. Historically, plant-derived compounds have been utilized in the production of pharmaceuticals and chemotherapeutic compounds for the treatment of cancer, including paclitaxel and docetaxel. Theaflavins, phenolic components present in black tea, have demonstrated anti-cancer potential in cell cultures in vitro and in animal studies in vivo. Theaflavins have been shown to inhibit proliferation, survival, and migration of many cancer cellswhile promoting apoptosis. Treatment with theaflavins has been associated with increased levels of cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and cleaved caspases-3, -7, -8, and -9, all markers of apoptosis, and increased expression of the proapoptotic marker Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and concomitant reduction in the antiapoptotic marker B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). Additionally, theaflavin treatment reduced phosphorylated Akt, phosphorylated mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and c-Myc levels with increased expression of the tumour suppressor p53. This review summarizes the current in vitro and in vivo evidence available investigating the anti-cancer effects of theaflavins across various cancer cell lines and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. O’Neill
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (E.J.O.); (D.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Deborah Termini
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (E.J.O.); (D.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Alexandria Albano
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (E.J.O.); (D.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Evangelia Tsiani
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (E.J.O.); (D.T.); (A.A.)
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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8
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Samanta S. Potential Bioactive Components and Health Promotional Benefits of Tea (Camellia sinensis). J Am Coll Nutr 2020; 41:65-93. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1827082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saptadip Samanta
- Department of Physiology, Midnapore College, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
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Szejk-Arendt M, Czubak-Prowizor K, Macieja A, Poplawski T, Olejnik AK, Pawlaczyk-Graja I, Gancarz R, Zbikowska HM. Polyphenolic-polysaccharide conjugates from medicinal plants of Rosaceae/Asteraceae family protect human lymphocytes but not myeloid leukemia K562 cells against radiation-induced death. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:1445-1454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Yaman T, Uyar A, Kömüroğlu AU, Keleş ÖF, Yener Z. Chemopreventive efficacy of juniper berry oil ( Juniperus communis L.) on azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in rat. Nutr Cancer 2019; 73:133-146. [PMID: 31617778 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1673450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the chemopreventive effects of juniper berry (JB) oil on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon cancer in rats. Thirty-two male Wistar albino rats were allocated into four groups: Control, AOM, AOM + JB, and JB groups. Whereas the control group was fed with standard pellet feed, the AOM and AOM + JB groups were administered of AOM (15 mg/kg body weight) subcutaneously once every 2 weeks for 10 weeks. AOM + JB and JB groups additionally received JB oil (100 µl/kg) orally. At the end of the 16-week experimental period, blood and tissue samples were obtained from the rats following necropsy. The macroscopic findings showed that the application of JB oil significantly decreased adenoma and adenocarcinoma formation both numerically and dimensionally. Immunohistochemically, CEA, COX-2, and Ki-67 immune-expressions decreased, and the immune-expression of caspase-3 increased in AOM + JB treated rats. Additionally, JB oil supplementation ameliorated antioxidant defense systems and lipid peroxidation within the colon tissue of AOM + JB treated rats. These results reveal that the JB oil acted as a chemopreventive dietary agent, inhibiting cell proliferation and COX-2 expression and inducing apoptosis, resulting in a significant reduction in colon tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turan Yaman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Uyar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ufuk Kömüroğlu
- Health Service Vocational School of Higher Education, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Ömer Faruk Keleş
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Zabit Yener
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
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Lee J, Lee J, Park H, Kim J. The potential use of bromelain as a natural oral medicine having anticarcinogenic activities. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:1656-1667. [PMID: 31139378 PMCID: PMC6526645 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromelain (BR), a protease extracted from Ananas comosus, reportedly possesses pharmacological activities including the reduction of thrombogenesis, and antihypertensive, and antimicrobial effects. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of BR on oral cancer cells. The effect of BR on the viability of Ca9-22 and SCC25 cells was determined using the MTT assay. These cells were also treated with different doses of BR, and Western blotting was conducted to monitor apoptosis. Finally, flow cytometry analysis was performed to identify sub-G1 populations of oral cancer cells. After treatment, the viability of both Ca9-22 and SCC25 cells was markedly reduced, in a dose-dependent manner. BR induced poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and lamin A/C degradation, and generated cleavage products. Flow cytometry analysis showed that BR treatment significantly increased the sub-G1 population. Our findings therefore indicate that BR has potential as a novel, natural anticarcinogenic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung‐Ha Lee
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of DentistryPusan National UniversityYangsanKorea
| | - Jin‐Tae Lee
- Department of Cosmeceutical ScienceDaegu Haany UniversityDaeguKorea
| | - Hae‐Ryoun Park
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of DentistryPusan National UniversityYangsanKorea
- BK21 PLUS Project, School of DentistryPusan National UniversityYangsanKorea
| | - Jin‐Bom Kim
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of DentistryPusan National UniversityYangsanKorea
- BK21 PLUS Project, School of DentistryPusan National UniversityYangsanKorea
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Xin Y, Ben P, Wang Q, Zhu Y, Yin Z, Luo L. Theanine, an antitumor promoter, induces apoptosis of tumor cells via the mitochondrial pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:4535-4542. [PMID: 30221698 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Theanine, an active component of green tea (Camellia sinensis), is considered a modulator of chemotherapy. To further investigate the anticancer activity of theanine, the present study investigated the cytotoxic effect of theanine at the concentration of 600 µg/ml, in the human HepG2 hepatoblastoma and HeLa adenocarcinoma cell lines, in comparison with the normal L02, H9c2 and HEK293 cell lines using a MTT assay. It was found that theanine induced cell death in the tumor cells, but not in the normal cells. Notably, when glutamine was restricted or reduced in the cell culture medium, the cell death induced by theanine was significantly enhanced. A terminal deoxynucleotidyl‑transferase‑mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay indicated that DNA damage was induced in theanine‑treated HepG2 cells. Further experiments demonstrated that theanine caused HepG2 cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway, with a loss of membrane potential and the release of apoptosis‑inducing factor, endonuclease G and cytochrome c. Western blot analysis and caspase activity detection also revealed that caspase‑9 and caspase‑3 were activated, whereas caspase‑8 remained inactive. These observations suggested that theanine exerted potent cytotoxicity on tumor cells when glutamine was restricted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinqiang Xin
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Peiling Ben
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Zhu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Yin
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Lan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P.R. China
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Souza FDO, Sorbo JM, Regasini LO, Bolzani VDS, Rosa JC, Czernys ÉDS, Valente V, Moreira TF, Navegante G, Fernandes BC, Soares CP. Nitensidine B affects proteins of the glycolytic pathway and induces apoptosis in cervical carcinoma cells immortalized by HPV16. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 48:179-186. [PMID: 30195876 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer, the fourth most common type of cancer among women worldwide, accounts for approximately 12% of all types of malignancies that affect women. Natural products have contributed significantly to the development of modern therapies; approximately 70% of the drugs available for chemotherapy are naturally based products. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the biological activities of nitensidine B (NTB), a guanidinic alkaloid isolated from the leaves of Pterogyne nitens Tul. (Fabaceae) in a cervical cancer cell line. METHODS In vitro experiments were performed using cervical carcinoma cells immortalized by human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16, SiHa cells), since epidemiological and molecular studies have demonstrated robust associations between the etiologies of cervical cancer and HPV infection. Cytotoxicity as well as the effect of NTB treatment on intracellular signals of apoptosis, fragmentation of internucleosomal DNA via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), and levels of apoptosis effectors (Caspase 3/7) were evaluated. In addition, differential proteomic analysis (iTRAQ) and protein validation using western blot were performed. RESULTS The cytotoxicity of NTB treatment in the SiHa cell line was concentration-dependent, with the minimum inhibitory concentration of 50% of the cells of 40.98 µM. In the TUNEL assay, SiHa cell apoptosis with 3/7 caspase activation was reported at 12 h following treatment. Differential proteomic analysis by iTRAQ demonstrated that proteins of the glycolytic pathway, aldolase A, alpha-enolase, pyruvate kinase, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase were underexpressed. CONCLUSION These results indicated that NTB could play a role in decreasing glycolysis . Since tumor cells prefer the glycolytic pathway to generate energy, these findings suggest that NTB may be a reliable model for the study of human cervical cancer cell lines immortalized by HPV16, however more experiments can be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe de Oliveira Souza
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Highway Araraquara Jaú, Km 01, Campos Ville, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Maria Sorbo
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Highway Araraquara Jaú, Km 01, Campos Ville, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís Octávio Regasini
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences of the Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences of the Sao Paulo State University, Cristovao Colombo street, 2265, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, 355, 14800-900 Araraquara, Brazil
| | - José César Rosa
- Center of Protein Chemistry of Department of Cellular Molecular Biology and Pathogen Bioagents of the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Avenue Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Érica da Silva Czernys
- Center of Protein Chemistry of Department of Cellular Molecular Biology and Pathogen Bioagents of the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Avenue Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valéria Valente
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Highway Araraquara Jaú, Km 01, Campos Ville, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaís Fernanda Moreira
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Highway Araraquara Jaú, Km 01, Campos Ville, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geovana Navegante
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Highway Araraquara Jaú, Km 01, Campos Ville, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Barbara Colatto Fernandes
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Highway Araraquara Jaú, Km 01, Campos Ville, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christiane Pienna Soares
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Highway Araraquara Jaú, Km 01, Campos Ville, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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14
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Abd El-Hafeez AA, Khalifa HO, Elgawish RA, Shouman SA, Abd El-Twab MH, Kawamoto S. Melilotus indicus extract induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells via a mechanism involving mitochondria-mediated pathways. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:831-842. [PMID: 29372465 PMCID: PMC5851975 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0195-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Melilotus indicus, is a traditional medicine used as analgesic and emollient. Although Melilotus indicus extract (MIE) has recently been shown to suppress growth of several tumor cell lines, information regarding its antitumor mechanism is completely unknown. Here, we report the mechanism underlying the effects of MIE on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, specifically HepG2, and SNU-182 cells. Methanolic MIE impaired the proliferation, and induced cell death in both HepG2 and SNU-182 cells but not in normal hepatic L-02 cells. Mechanistically, flow cytometric analysis revealed that MIE induces apoptosis in HepG2, and SNU-182 cells. However, MIE-induced apoptosis were not affected by a pan caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk as well as MIE did not stimulate caspase activation. Furthermore we found that MIE-induced apoptosis could be attributed to a mechanism involving mitochondria-mediated pathways evidenced by decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and translocation of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) from the mitochondria to the nucleus. Suppression in AIF expression by siRNA reduced MIE-induced apoptosis which suggested the dependency of MIE on AIF to induce apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report elucidating the anticancer mechanism of MIE. Our findings suggested that MIE might be a good extract for developing anticancer drugs for human hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer Ali Abd El-Hafeez
- Pharmacoloy and Experimental Oncology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, 11796, Egypt.
- Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8530, Japan.
| | - Hazim O Khalifa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Rania Abdelrahman Elgawish
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Samia A Shouman
- Pharmacoloy and Experimental Oncology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, 11796, Egypt
| | - Magdy Hussein Abd El-Twab
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia City, 61519, Egypt
| | - Seiji Kawamoto
- Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8530, Japan
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15
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Navarro-González I, García-Alonso J, Periago MJ. Bioactive compounds of tomato: Cancer chemopreventive effects and influence on the transcriptome in hepatocytes. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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16
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Pharmacological values and therapeutic properties of black tea (Camellia sinensis): A comprehensive overview. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 100:521-531. [PMID: 29482046 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are essential parts of traditional medicine due to their phytochemical constituents having pharmacological values and therapeutic applications. Black tea have thousands of various biological compounds such as flavonoids (Thearubigins (TRs) and theaflavins (TFs) and catechins), amino acids (L.theanine), vitamins (A, C, K), phenolic acids (caffeic acid (CA), gallic acid (GA), chlorogenic acids (CGA) and cauramic acid), lipids, proteins, volatile compounds carbohydrates, β-carotene and fluoride that illustrated many promising pharmacological effects regarded as growth promoter, cardioprotector, potent cholesterol-lowering effect, antioxidant and antimicrobial, etc inhuman. Although there is an exponential growth in molecular evidence of cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant effect in human, there is still a lack of information of the pharmacological effects of black tea. To fill this information gap, therefore, this review article underscores broadening the new insight pertaining to black tea that could be used as safe food additive. This article also illuminates the interesting role of black tea as an herbal medicine that is the future demand to get rid of synthetic health promoters in the human health practice. Moreover, this information would be useful in terms of the low-cost practice of natural medicines with no residual effects, and a natural protection of the human being. In addition, further studies at a molecular level are needed to reveal its mechanism of action particularly for the hypocholesterolemic effect of black tea to overcome the heart-related diseases, fewer side effects and being a natural safeguard of human health.
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17
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Wu L, Zhang X, Lin X, Wang B, Huang C, Qin Y, Lin S. Inhibition of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein enhances anti-tumor potency of pure total flavonoids on the growth of leukemic cells. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:2020-2026. [PMID: 29434799 PMCID: PMC5776510 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids, a vast group of polyphenols widely distributed in plants, are known to possess a range of biological activities and potential anti-tumor effects. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) promotes the progression of leukemia by preventing tumor cells undergoing apoptosis. The present study investigated the potential effects and underlying mechanisms of pure total flavonoids from Citrus paradisi Macfad (PTFC) on human U937 cells, and explored the effects of short hairpin (sh)RNA-mediated XIAP knockdown on the anti-cancer effects of PTFC. Western blotting was used to determine level of apoptosis-associated effectors following PTFC treatment. A lentiviral vector of RNA interference of XIAP gene was constructed to downregulate XIAP expression. MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to determine the effects of PTFC separately or combined with XIAP-shRNA on inhibition and apoptosis of U937 cells, respectively. Treatment with PTFC effectively inhibited leukemic cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. PTFC induced apoptosis of U937 cells in a dose-dependent manner, at a particular concentration range, by decreasing XIAP expression levels and activating caspases-3, −7 and −9. PTFC treatment combined with XIAP-shRNA additionally demonstrated a marked increase in cell apoptosis, compared with PTFC or XIAP-shRNA alone (P<0.05). Therefore, these findings suggest that PTFC inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in U937 cells in vitro. Furthermore, suppression of XIAP expression enhances these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Wu
- Department of Hematology, First Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xiuxia Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Yuhang First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311100, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojie Lin
- Department of Hematology, First Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Hematology, First Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Chang Huang
- Department of Hematology, First Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Yao Qin
- Department of Hematology, First Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Shengyun Lin
- Department of Hematology, First Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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18
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Han X, Zhang J, Xue X, Zhao Y, Lu L, Cui M, Miao W, Fan S. Theaflavin ameliorates ionizing radiation-induced hematopoietic injury via the NRF2 pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 113:59-70. [PMID: 28939421 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It has been well established that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a critical role in ionizing radiation (IR)-induced hematopoietic injury. Theaflavin (TF), a polyphenolic compound from black tea, has been implicated in the regulation of endogenous cellular antioxidant systems. However, it remains unclear whether TF could ameliorate IR-induced hematopoietic injury, particularly the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) injury. In this study, we explored the potential role of TF in IR-induced HSC injury and the underlying mechanism in a total body irradiation (TBI) mouse model. Our results showed that TF improved survival of irradiated wild-type mice and ameliorated TBI-induced hematopoietic injury by attenuating myelosuppression and myeloid skewing, increasing HSC frequency, and promoting reconstitution of irradiated HSCs. Furthermore, TF inhibited TBI-induced HSC senescence. These effects of TF were associated with a decline in ROS levels and DNA damage in irradiated HSCs. TF reduced oxidative stress mainly by up-regulating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and its downstream targets in irradiated Lineage-c-kit+ positive cells. However, TF failed to improve the survival, to increase HSC frequency and to reduce ROS levels of HSCs in irradiated Nrf2-/- mice. These findings suggest that TF ameliorates IR-induced HSC injury via the NRF2 pathway. Therefore, TF has the potential to be used as a radioprotective agent to ameliorate IR-induced hematopoietic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Junling Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Xiaolei Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Ming Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Weimin Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300041,China
| | - Saijun Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin 300192, China.
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19
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Teng J, Gong Z, Deng Y, Chen L, Li Q, Shao Y, Lin L, Xiao W. Purification, characterization and enzymatic synthesis of theaflavins of polyphenol oxidase isozymes from tea leaf (Camellia sinensis). Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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20
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He HF. Research progress on theaflavins: efficacy, formation, and preparation. Food Nutr Res 2017; 61:1344521. [PMID: 28747864 PMCID: PMC5510227 DOI: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1344521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Theaflavins (TFs) are a category of natural compounds characterized with the benzotropolone skeleton. The prominent benefits of TFs have been well documented. Amount of research were conducted and excellent achievements were disclosed during the past years. However, as far as we know, there is no comprehensive review about TFs. Scope and approach: This review summarized the recent research progress. The activity of TFs on anti-oxidation, anti-mutagenicity, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-viral effect as well as the epidemiological cure were sorted. Converging pioneer literature and deduction, the underlying formation mechanism of TFs was proposed. Subsequently, acquisition of TFs was pointed out to be the fundament for further research. Accelerated by enzyme, bio-synthesis of TFs were reviewed simultaneously. At the end, employing modern analysis instrument and technology, isolations of TFs were enumerated. Key findings and conclusions: Structure of the skeleton as well as functional groups were paramount related with the bio-activity of TFs. Meanwhile, oxidation pathway of two catechin molecules to form TFs were hypothesized. Also, ascertainment of the several therapeutic efficiency of the family members of TFs would be the next step in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Feng He
- Key Laboratory of Tea Processing Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, HangZhou, China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Tea Industry, HangZhou, China
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21
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Li X, Wu H, Ouyang X, Zhang B, Su X. New bioactive peptide reduces the toxicity of chemotherapy drugs and increases drug sensitivity. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:129-140. [PMID: 28560442 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticancer bioactive peptide (ACBP) is extracted from normal goat spleens and exhibits antitumor activity alone and in combination with low cisplatin doses to achieve antitumor efficacy similar to higher cisplatin doses via sustained medication modes. In the present study, we investigated whether elevated levels of induced or normal ACBP in MKN‑45 gastric cancer (GC) cells may reduce their toxicity to oxaliplatin (L‑OHP) in a dose‑dependent manner. The growth inhibition rate (IR), morphological changes and gene expression were examined in MKN‑45 GC cells. Compared with normal ACBP, induced ACBP alone significantly enhanced the anticancer activity of L‑OHP‑mediated apoptosis and reduced the amount and side‑effects of L‑OHP (P<0.05). The inhibition of cancer cell growth at high concentrations of induced ACBP and L‑OHP was significantly more effective than at low concentrations. In addition, for the first time, we examined the potential of a combination of induced ACBP and L‑OHP to increase L‑OHP sensitivity in human gastric carcinoma xenograft tumors. Nude mice were implanted with human gastric carcinoma MKN‑45 cells and treated with an intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 ml of normal saline, 30 µg/ml ACBP, 20 µg/ml L‑OHP or 30 µg/ml ACBP + 20 µg/ml L‑OHP [combination of anticancer bioactive peptide and oxaliplatin (A+L)] via the tail vein twice a week. In vivo short‑term intermittent use of induced ACBP alone significantly inhibited MKN‑45 tumor growth. The combination of induced ACBP and L‑OHP also significantly improved the quality of life of the nude mice and reduced the toxicity of L‑OHP. Based on flow cytometry and gene expression analyses, A+L significantly increased the proportion of cells in the G2/M phase (P<0.05) relative to ACBP or L‑OHP alone, and short‑term intraperitoneal injection of ACBP increased the sensitizing effect of L‑OHP. Collectively, these results suggest that high levels of induced ACBP in combination with L‑OHP via a short‑term intermittent medication mode could be a useful clinical therapeutic strategy for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Huijun Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010010, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Ouyang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Xiulan Su
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
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22
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Singh BN, Prateeksha, Rawat AKS, Bhagat RM, Singh BR. Black tea: Phytochemicals, cancer chemoprevention, and clinical studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:1394-1410. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.994700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brahma N. Singh
- Pharmacognosy & Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India
- Biochemistry Department, Tocklai Experimental Station, Tea Research Association, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Prateeksha
- Pharmacognosy & Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - A. K. S. Rawat
- Pharmacognosy & Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - R. M. Bhagat
- Soil Department, Tocklai Experimental Station, Tea Research Association, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - B. R. Singh
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science (Nanomaterials), Z. H. College of Engineering & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
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23
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Hu X, Ping Z, Gan M, Tao Y, Wang L, Shi J, Wu X, Zhang W, Yang H, Xu Y, Wang Z, Geng D. Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate represses osteoclastogenesis and prevents wear debris-induced osteolysis via suppression of ERK pathway. Acta Biomater 2017; 48:479-488. [PMID: 27838465 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Peri-implant osteolysis (PIO) and the following aseptic loosening is the leading cause of implant failure. Emerging evidence suggests that receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation and osteoclastic bone resorption are responsible for particle-stimulated PIO. Here, we explored the effect of theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF3) on titanium particle-induced osteolysis in vivo and in vitro. Twenty-eight male C57BL/6 mice were randomly separated into four groups: sham control (sham), titanium particles only (titanium), titanium particles with low TF3 concentration (low-TF3, 1mg/kg TF3), and titanium particles with high TF3 concentration (high-TF3, 10mg/kg TF3). Two weeks later, micro-computed tomography and histological analysis were performed. Bone-marrow-derived macrophages and RAW264.7 murine macrophages were applied to examine osteoclast formation and differentiation. TF3 significantly inhibited titanium particle-induced osteolysis and prevented bone destruction compared with titanium group. Interestingly, the number of mature osteoclasts reduced after treatment with TF3 in vivo, suggesting osteoclast formation might be inhibited by TF3. In vitro, TF3 suppressed osteoclast formation, polarization and osteoclastic bone resorption by specifically targeting the RANKL-induced ERK signal pathway. Collectively, these results suggest that TF3, a natural active compound derived from black tea, is a promising candidate for the treatment of osteoclast-related osteolytic diseases, such as wear debris-induced PIO. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Total joint arthroplasty is widely accepted for the treatment of end-stage joint diseases. However, it is reported that aseptic loosening, initiated by peri-implant osteolysis, is the major reason for prosthesis failure. Although the pathophysiology of PIO remains unclear, increasing evidence indicates that osteoclasts are excessively activated at the implant site by wear debris from materials. Here, we demonstrated that theaflavin-3,3'-digallate, a natural active compound derived from black tea, inhibited osteoclast formation and osteoclastic bone resorption mainly via suppressing the ERK pathway. Moreover, the findings of this study have confirmed for the first time that theaflavin-3,3'-digallate has a protective effect on particle-induced osteolysis in a mouse calvarial model, thus preventing bone loss. These results indicate that theaflavin-3,3'-digallate may be a suitable therapeutic agent to treat wear debris-induced peri-implant osteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyang Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Zichuan Ping
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Minfeng Gan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Yunxia Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Jiawei Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Xiexing Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Yaozeng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China.
| | - Zhirong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China.
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24
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Bhattacharyya N, Mondal S, Moulik S, Paul S, Bhattacharrya S, Hazra AK, Ali MN, Adhikari A, Chatterjee A. Effect of Black Tea Polyphenol on Cell-ECM Interaction and MMP. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2017.84058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Sak K, Everaus H. Established Human Cell Lines as Models to Study Anti-leukemic Effects of Flavonoids. Curr Genomics 2016; 18:3-26. [PMID: 28503087 PMCID: PMC5321770 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666160803165447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the extensive work on pathological mechanisms and some recent advances in the treatment of different hematological malignancies, leukemia continues to present a significant challenge being frequently considered as incurable disease. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic agents with high efficacy and low toxicity is urgently needed to improve the overall survival rate of patients. In this comprehensive review article, the current knowledge about the anticancer activities of flavonoids as plant secondary polyphenolic metabolites in the most commonly used human established leukemia cell lines (HL-60, NB4, KG1a, U937, THP-1, K562, Jurkat, CCRF- CEM, MOLT-3, and MOLT-4) is compiled, revealing clear anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, cell cycle arresting, and differentiation inducing effects for certain compounds. Considering the low toxicity of these substances in normal blood cells, the presented data show a great potential of flavonoids to be developed into novel anti-leukemia agents applicable also in the malignant cells resistant to the current conventional chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Sak
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hele Everaus
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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26
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Firempong CK, Zhang HY, Wang Y, Chen J, Cao X, Deng W, Zhou J, Wang Q, Tong SS, Yu J, Xu X. Segetoside I, a plant-derived bisdesmosidic saponin, induces apoptosis in human hepatoma cells in vitro and inhibits tumor growth in vivo. Pharmacol Res 2016; 110:101-110. [PMID: 27180010 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Segetoside I is a plant-derived bisdesmosidic saponin from Vaccaria segetalis (Neck) with reported anticancer activities. This development has raised an interest in the therapeutic potential of segetoside I. Here, we report the in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities of segetoside I against some selected cancer cell lines (HepG2, human hepatoma; H22, mouse hepatoma; MCF-7, breast cancer; U251, gliocoma; BGC, HGC & SGC, gastric cancinoma; Lovo-1,colon cancer). MTT bioassay analysis showed that HepG2 cells were the most sensitive to segetoside I compared with other cancer cell lines, with lower toxicity in healthy mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. Segetoside I pretreatment of HepG2 resulted in apoptotic induction, dose-dependent DNA fragmentation, inhibition of cell migration, up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2, which indicated that an apoptotic signaling event could have been initiated. The segetoside I also suppressed hepato-tumour growth in mice with virtually no cytotoxicity and prolonged animal survival, making it a strong oncology drug agent. These findings showed that segetoside I exhibited its antitumor activity via apoptotic induction and significantly support the possible application of the antitumor agent as a potential chemotherapeutic candidate worthy of further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Kesse Firempong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, KwameNkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi-Ghana
| | - Hui Yun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Xia Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Wenwen Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Shan-Shan Tong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Jiangnan Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China; School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China.
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Weerawatanakorn M, Lee YL, Tsai CY, Lai CS, Wan X, Ho CT, Li S, Pan MH. Protective effect of theaflavin-enriched black tea extracts against dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Food Funct 2016; 6:1832-40. [PMID: 25927469 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00126a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is responsible for hepatic fibrosis resulting in high mortality and is also a risk factor for developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is the fifth most common cancer in men and the seventh in women globally. Several studies have found effective anti-cancer activities of theaflavins, the major black tea polyphenols. The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects of theaflavin-enriched black tea extracts (TF-BTE) on hepatic fibrosis induced by dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) administration in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Treatment of SD rats with DMN (10 mg per kg bw) for 4 weeks produced inflammation and remarkable liver fibrosis assessed by serum biochemistry and histopathological examination. Fibrotic status and the activation of hepatic stellate cells were improved by oral administration of 40% theaflavins in black tea extracts (40% TF-BTE) as evidenced by histopathological examination. Oral administration of 40% TF-BTE at a low dose of 50 mg per kg bw per day and a high dose of 100 mg per kg bw per day attenuated the DMN-induced elevation of serum GOT (glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase) and GPT (glutamic pyruvic transaminase) levels and reduced necrosis, bile duct proliferation, and inflammation. Western blot analyses revealed that TF-BTE inhibited the expression of liver alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) protein. The histochemical examination showed the inhibitory effect of TF-BTE on the p-Smad3 expression. Overall, these data demonstrated that TF-BTE exhibited hepatoprotective effects on experimental fibrosis, potentially by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monthana Weerawatanakorn
- Department of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
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Salla S, Sunkara R, Walker LT, Verghese M. Antioxidant and Apoptotic Activity of Papaya Peel Extracts in HepG2 Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2016.76050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Koňariková K, Ježovičová M, Keresteš J, Gbelcová H, Ďuračková Z, Žitňanová I. Anticancer effect of black tea extract in human cancer cell lines. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:127. [PMID: 25825685 PMCID: PMC4374083 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-0871-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study we investigated effects of natural extract from the black tea Camellia sinensis (BTE) against human colon carcinoma cell line HT-29, human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7, human alveolar carcinoma cell line A549 and healthy cell line NIH-3T3. We identified concentration range for cytotoxic/antiproliferative effects using MTT assay and the trypan blue assay, gel electrophoresis we employed to determine the type of cell death induced by BTE and DNA damage we determined by comet assay. Different concentrations of the extract (0.00078 - 5 μg/mL) we added to the cultured cells and incubated for 216 h. BTE showed cytotoxic effects against all carcinoma cell lines, however HT-29 and MCF-7 cells were more sensitive than A549. BTE showed no antiproliferative effect against healthy cells NIH-3T3 at tested concentrations. We found no apoptotic cell death in HT-29 and MCF-7 cells after 72 h of incubation in case of single administration of BTE but in case of repetitive administration of BTE (BTE was added to the cells each day) we found apoptotic cell death in HT-29 after 72 h incubation. BTE induced also DNA strand breaks and oxidative damage to DNA in carcinoma cells HT-29 and MCF-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Koňariková
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 2, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Miriam Ježovičová
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 2, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Keresteš
- Molecule of Life, Ltd, Lichnerova 38, 903 01 Senec, Slovakia
| | - Helena Gbelcová
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Zdeňka Ďuračková
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 2, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ingrid Žitňanová
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 2, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Sun HJ, Meng LY, Shen Y, Zhu YZ, Liu HR. S-benzyl-cysteine-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis involving activation of mitochondrial-dependent caspase cascade through the p53 pathway in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 14:6379-84. [PMID: 24377536 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.11.6379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
S-benzyl-cysteine (SBC) is a structural analog of S-allylcysteine (SAC), which is one of the major water- soluble compounds in aged garlic extract. In this study, anticancer activities and the underlying mechanisms of SBC action were investigated and compared these with those of SAC using human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells. SBC significantly suppressed the survival rate of SGC-7901 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and the inhibitory activities of SBC were stronger than those of SAC. Flow cytometry revealed that SBC induced G2-phase arrest and apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells. Typical apoptotic morphological changes were observed by Hoechst 33258 dye assay. SBC-treatment dramatically induced the dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), and enhanced the enzymatic activities of caspase-9 and caspase-3 whilst hardly affecting caspase-8 activity. Furthermore, Western blotting indicated that SBC-induced apoptosis was accompanied by up-regulation of the expression of p53, Bax and the down-regulation of Bcl-2. Taken together, this study suggested that SBC exerts cytotoxic activity involving activation of mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis through p53 and Bax/Bcl-2 pathways in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Jun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China E-mail :
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Zar PPK, Yano S, Sakao K, Hashimoto F, Nakano T, Fujii M, Hou DX. In vitro anticancer activity of loquat tea by inducing apoptosis in human leukemia cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:1731-7. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.936352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Fresh loquat leaves have been used as folk health herb in Asian countries for long time, although the evidence supporting their functions is still minimal. This study aimed to clarify the chemopreventive effect of loquat tea extract (LTE) by investigating the inhibition on proliferation, and underlying mechanisms in human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60). LTE inhibited proliferation of HL-60 in a dose-dependent manner. Molecular data showed that the isolated fraction of LTE induced apoptosis of HL-60 as characterized by DNA fragmentation; activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9; and inactivation of poly(ADP)ribose polymerase. Moreover, LTE fraction increased the ratio of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax)/anti-apoptotic myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1) that caused mitochondrial membrane potential loss and cytochrome c released to cytosol. Thus, our data indicate that LTE might induce apoptosis in HL-60 cells through a mitochondrial dysfunction pathway. These findings enhance our understanding for chemopreventive function of loquat tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyu Phyu Khine Zar
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yano
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kozue Sakao
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Fumio Hashimoto
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakano
- Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, Kagoshima Jun-Shin Women’s University, Satsuma-Sendai, Japan
| | | | - De-Xing Hou
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Evaluation of chemopreventive effects of Acanthus ilicifolius against azoxymethane-induced aberrant Crypt Foci in the rat colon. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96004. [PMID: 24819728 PMCID: PMC4018435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acanthus ilicifolius, a mangrove medicinal plant, is traditionally used to treat a variety of diseases. The aim of this research is to assess the chemoprotective outcomes of A. ilicifolius ethanolic extract against azoxymethane (AOM) induced colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in rats. Methodology/Principal Findings In our study, rats were arranged in to five groups. Rats in the normal control group were given subcutaneous injections of normal saline once weekly for 2 weeks. The AOM control, reference and treatment groups were given subcutaneous injection of AOM, 15 mg/kg body weight, once weekly for 2 weeks each. The reference group was treated with 35 mg/kg 5-Fluorouracil via intraperitoneal injection once weekly for 8 weeks, and the treatment groups were administered by gavage with 250 and 500 mg/kg A. ilicifolius extract daily for 8 weeks. Both normal and AOM control groups received the vehicle; 10% Tween-20 only. Rats treated with 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of A. ilicifolius extracts showed a decrease in the mean number of ACF by 65% and 53%, respectively. Those fed with A. ilicifolius showed significantly decreased multiplicity of ACF formations when compared with the results from the AOM control group. The 250 mg/kg A. ilicifolius treatment group showed significant decreases in lipid peroxidation MDA levels when compared with the AOM control group. In immunohistochemistry staining, the proliferating nuclear cell antigen (PCNA)-positive cells were significantly higher in the AOM control group than in the A. ilicifolius-treated groups. RT-PCR showed that A. ilicifolius caused a change in the regulation of apoptosis-related genes expression. Conclusion/Significance The results of the current study show that AOM-treated rats receiving oral exposure to A. ilicifolius demonstrated a significant decrease in the number of ACF in the colon when compared to AOM-treated rats receiving vehicle only. A ilicifolius may be an effective herbal approach for the prevention of AOM-induced ACF in the rat colon.
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Cantatore A, Randall SD, Traum D, Adams SD. Effect of black tea extract on herpes simplex virus-1 infection of cultured cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:139. [PMID: 23777309 PMCID: PMC3698045 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The purpose of this investigation was to determine if black tea extract (BTE), consisting primarily of flavanol compounds called theaflavins, could inhibit herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) infection in cultured A549 (human epithelial) and Vero cells. Methods The effect of BTE both on A549 and Vero cultured cells and on HSV-1 was assessed by using phase contrast and fluorescent microscopy, and cell viability and proliferation assays. After establishing the maximum non-cytotoxic concentration of BTE, A549 and Vero cells and HSV-1 virions were treated with varying concentrations of BTE, respectively. A549 and Vero cells were infected with HSV-1 with green fluorescent protein (GFP) insert at the UL46 gene. The effect of infectivity was determined by viral DNA extraction followed by PCR, plaque assays, adsorption assays, and electrophoresis of PCR products. Results BTE was not cytotoxic to A549 and Vero cells, as confirmed by cell viability and proliferation assays, in which BTE treated groups paralleled the positive control group. For both cell lines, plaque assays and fluorescent microscopy indicated an inverse relationship between BTE concentration (from 0.14 μM – 1.4 mM) and HSV-1 infectivity. Specifically, PCR and electrophoresis showed a reduction in the viral genome following treatment with BTE. In addition, there was a noticeable decrease in the amount of viral plaques for BTE treated samples in the adsorption assays. Conclusions BTE consisting primarily of theaflavins is not cytotoxic and can reduce or block the production of infectious HSV-1 virions in cultured A549 and Vero cells, thus inhibiting the infectivity of the virus by interfering in the attachment, penetration and viral DNA replication of HSV-1 particles. These findings indicate that BTE enriched with theaflavins has the potential to be developed as a safe, therapeutic antiviral agent to prevent the spread of HSV-1.
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Sun S, Pan S, Miao A, Ling C, Pang S, Tang J, Chen D, Zhao C. Active extracts of black tea (Camellia Sinensis) induce apoptosis of PC-3 prostate cancer cells via mitochondrial dysfunction. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:763-72. [PMID: 23715786 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer of the prostate gland is the most common invasive malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in human males. Many studies have shown that black tea reduces the risk of several types of cancer. We studied the effects of active extracts of black tea and the black tea polyphenols theaflavins (TFs), on the cellular proliferation and mitochondria of the human prostate cancer cell line PC-3. Our studies revealed that Yinghong black tea extracts (YBT), Assam black tea extracts (ABT) and TFs inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. We also showed that TFs, YBT and ABT affected the morphology of PC-3 cells and induced apoptosis or even necrosis in PC-3 cells. In addition, it was observed that the samples significantly caused loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c from the intermembrane space into the cytosol, decrease of the ATP content and activation of caspase-3 compared with the control. Taken together, these findings suggest that black tea could act as an effective anti-proliferative agent in PC-3 cells, and TFs, YBT and ABT induced apoptosis of PC-3 cells through mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shili Sun
- Drink Plant Research Institute/Tea Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, PR China
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Yang J, Li L, Jin H, Tan S, Qiu J, Yang L, Ding Y, Jiang ZH, Jiang S, Liu S. Vaginal gel formulation based on theaflavin derivatives as a microbicide to prevent HIV sexual transmission. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2012; 28:1498-508. [PMID: 22867271 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2012.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that a commercially available natural product preparation with high content (>90%) of theaflavin derivatives (TFmix) exhibited potent anti-HIV activities. Here we developed a TFmix gel formulation as a topical microbicide candidate. The effect of TFmix on the amyloid fibril formation of semen-derived enhancer of virus infection (SEVI) peptide was detected by transmission electron microscopy. The toxicity of the TFmix gel was evaluated using human vaginal and cervical epithelial cell lines and rabbit vaginal irritation models, respectively. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) and immunoregulatory cytokines (IL-10 and GM-CSF) in cervicovaginal lavages (CVLs) were measured by ELISA kits. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunostaining was performed to evaluate inflammation in the vaginal tissues. TFmix gel could degrade SEVI-specific amyloid fibrils and showed low cytotoxicity to epithelial cells of the female reproductive tract. No apparent cervicovaginal toxicity was observed at any time point evaluated following the intravaginal administration of TFmix gel to rabbits, whereas application of N-9 gel resulted in damage to the vaginal epithelium. Neither proinflammatory nor immunoregulatory cytokine production was triggered by TFmix gel. Only low expression of PCNA was observed in vaginal tissues of TFmix gel-treated rabbits. The concentration of TFmix in plasma was very low (below the lower limit of quantitation) 1 h after a single vaginal administration of TFmix gel. However, TFmix was still detected in the cervicovaginal lavages (CVLs) 6 h after treatment, indicating that it could be retained in the vaginal cavity for a long period of time. With its potent anti-HIV-1 activity, marked stability at acidic condition, low mucosal toxicity, and lack of systemic absorption, TFmix gel can be considered as an inexpensive and safe microbicide candidate for the prevention of HIV sexual transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suiyi Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayin Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Nan Fang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqing Ding
- Nan Fang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Shibo Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Shanghai Medical College and Institute of Medical Microbiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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von Staszewski M, Jara FL, Ruiz AL, Jagus RJ, Carvalho JE, Pilosof AM. Nanocomplex formation between β-lactoglobulin or caseinomacropeptide and green tea polyphenols: Impact on protein gelation and polyphenols antiproliferative activity. J Funct Foods 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Chamaejasmine induces apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells through a Ros-mediated mitochondrial pathway. Molecules 2011; 16:8165-80. [PMID: 21952498 PMCID: PMC6264184 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16108165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the anticancer activity of chamaejasmine towards A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells was investigated. In order to explore the underlying mechanism of cell growth inhibition of chamaejasmine, cell cycle distribution, ROS generation, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) disruption, and expression of cytochrome c, Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, caspase-9 and PARP were measured in A549 cells. Chamaejasmine inhibited the growth of A549 cells in a time and dose-dependent manner. The IC50 value was 7.72 µM after 72 h treatment. Chamaejasmine arrested the cell cycle in the G2/M phase and induced apoptosis via a ROS-mediated mitochondria-dependent pathway. Western blot analysis showed that chamaejasmine inhibited Bcl-2 expression and induced Bax expression to desintegrate the outer mitochondrial membrane and causing cytochrome c release. Mitochondrial cytochrome c release was associated with the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 cascade, and active-caspase-3 was involved in PARP cleavage. All of these signal transduction pathways are involved in initiating apoptosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the cytotoxic activity of chamaejasmine towards A549 in vitro.
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WANG KUNBO, LIU ZHONGHUA, HUANG JIANAN, BEKHIT ALAAELDIN, LIU FANG, DONG XINRONG, GONG YUSHUN, FU DONGHE. THE INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF PURE BLACK TEA THEAFLAVINS ON THE GROWTH OF FOUR SELECTED HUMAN CANCER CELLS. J Food Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2010.00478.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Bhattacharya U, Mukhopadhyay S, Giri AK. Comparative antimutagenic and anticancer activity of three fractions of black tea polyphenols thearubigins. Nutr Cancer 2011; 63:1122-32. [PMID: 21919645 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2011.605985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Antimutagenic and anticancer effects of black tea polyphenols theaflavins (TF) and thearubigins (TR) have previously been reported. TR is a complex mixture of polyphenols. In this study, our interest was to fractionate TR and to study the antimutagenic and anticancer activities of the fractions. Three fractions of TR, namely TR-1, TR-2, and TR-3, were isolated by chromatographic processes. Antimutagenic activity of these 3 fractions was carried out on 4 Salmonella strains by Ames assay. Anticancer activity was studied on human leukemic cells U937. Our findings clearly indicated antimutagenic and anticancer activities of the TR-1, TR-2, and TR-3 fractions on Salmonella strains and on U937 cells, respectively. However, all 3 fractions, at or below 100 μg/ml dose, did not show any significant toxic effects on the normal human cells (peripheral blood mononuclear cells). TR-2 was found to be the most active fraction among the 3. Flow cytometric and confocal microscopic studies further indicate that apoptosis induction could be an important mechanism behind the anticancer effects of these fractions. To our knowledge, this study is the first attempt to describe the antimutagenic and anticancer activity of TR fractions, and it also suggests that TR-2 is the most active component of TR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udayan Bhattacharya
- Molecular and Human Genetics Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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Hsu HF, Huang KH, Lu KJ, Chiou SJ, Yen JH, Chang CC, Houng JY. Typhonium blumei extract inhibits proliferation of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells via induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 135:492-500. [PMID: 21470575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Typhonium blumei Nicolson & Sivadasan is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb endowing with detumescence, detoxification, anti-inflammation activities, and has been used as a folk prescription on anticancer in Taiwan. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effect of Typhonium blumei (Tb) extract on the viability of different cancer cells and the apoptotic effect of this extract on A549 lung cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human A549 cell line and other cancer cell lines were treated with different concentrations of Tb extract at different time intervals. Growth inhibition was determined by MTT assay. Apoptosis was detected by cell morphologic observation, cell cycle analysis, and immunoblot analysis on the expression of protein associated with cell death. GC-MS were used to determine the chemical constituents of this extract. RESULTS The Tb extract had cytotoxicity toward A549 lung cancer cells (IC(50)=97.7 μg/ml), LNCaP prostate cancer cells (IC(50)=124.5 μg/ml) and MCF-7 breast cancer cells (IC(50)=125.8 μg/ml). Conversely, the adverse effects of Tb extract on normal embryonic lung fibroblast MRC-5 cells (IC(50)=245.5 μg/ml) and embryonic kidney fibroblast HEK293 cells (IC(50)=251.1 μg/ml) were comparatively low. Cytometric analysis results demonstrate that A549 cells were arrested at the G2/M phase by treatment with Tb extract. The extract induced A549 cell apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway by down-regulating Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL protein expression, up-regulating Bax, Bad and Bak protein expression, and activating caspase-9 and caspase-3. Experimental results of bioactive compound analysis indicate that dibutyl phthalate, α-linolenic acid, phytol, campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol were the major bioactive ingredients of Tb extract. Although all these compounds had good anti-proliferative effects on A549 cells, campesterol (IC(50)=2.2 μM for 24h treatment) and β-sitosterol (IC(50)=1.9 μM for 24h treatment) displayed the greatest inhibitory activity. CONCLUSIONS Experimental results of this study suggest that the Tb extract exerts potential anticancer activity through the growth inhibition and the apoptosis on A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsia-Fen Hsu
- Department of Medical Nutrition, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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Intrinsic apoptosis and NF-κB signaling are potential molecular targets for chemoprevention by black tea polyphenols in HepG2 cells in vitro and in a rat hepatocarcinogenesis model in vivo. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:3281-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Revised: 07/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Okada N, Tanabe H, Tazoe H, Ishigami Y, Fukutomi R, Yasui K, Isemura M. Differentiation-associated alteration in sensitivity to apoptosis induced by (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate in HL-60 cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 30:201-6. [PMID: 19729850 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.30.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Green tea and its constituent (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) are known to have apoptosis-inducing activity on tumor cells including human leukemia HL-60 cells, providing an explanation for their anti-cancer effects. In the present study, we compared the sensitivity of undifferentiated cells and differentiated HL-60 cells with normal-like phenotypic characters. HL-60 cells treated with three differentiating agents were found to be resistant to EGCG-mediated apoptosis as compared with undifferentiated cells. Gene and protein expression of 67 kDa laminin receptor was down-regulated in differentiated HL-60 cells, suggesting its contribution to the difference in sensitivity in view of the fact that the receptor is a target of EGCG's action to induce apoptosis. The finding supports the view that EGCG induces apoptosis preferentially in cancer cells as compared with normal counterparts.
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Lahiry L, Saha B, Chakraborty J, Adhikary A, Mohanty S, Hossain DMS, Banerjee S, Das K, Sa G, Das T. Theaflavins target Fas/caspase-8 and Akt/pBad pathways to induce apoptosis in p53-mutated human breast cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2009; 31:259-68. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgp240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Abstract
Tea is the most widely used ancient beverage in the world and black tea possesses many biological effects on the organisms. It acts as an effective antioxidant because of its free radical-scavenging and metal-chelating ability. Due to this, it is active against inflammation, clastogenesis, and several types of cancer. Tea reduces DNA damage and mutagenesis due to oxidative stress or the presence of pro-mutagens through antioxidant function, blocking activation pathways of mutagens, suppressing transcription of enzymes involved etc. Inhibition of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) peroxidation, suppression of fatty acid synthase etc., suggest that tea may have a role in preventing cardiovascular diseases. Some epidemiological studies support the protective role of black tea against cardiovascular diseases but some do not. Besides, black tea has beneficial effects on the gastrointestinal tract; it affects motility, absorption, microflora etc., by influencing the hormonal balance and antioxidant function black tea improves bone mineral density. It is also antiviral due to its enzyme-inhibiting and receptor-blocking properties. Although its role in cancers of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and prostate is confirmed, its effect against urinary tract cancer is uncertain and further studies are required. Apart from these, excess consumption may lead to the formation of a stained pellicle layer on teeth, which is difficult to eliminate, inhibits trypsin, influences mineral absorption, causes convulsions etc. Excess caffeine intake may have adverse effects on selected organs as reported in studies on some organisms. These reports indicate that there is a wide scope of further research for the efficient use of black tea active conserves/isolates to reap health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasundhara Sharma
- Plantation Products, Spices and Flavour Technology Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India
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Glossogin, a novel phenylpropanoid from Glossogyne tenuifolia, induced apoptosis in A549 lung cancer cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:3785-91. [PMID: 18976690 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2008] [Revised: 09/14/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Glossogyne tenuifolia has been shown to exhibit good antioxidant and anticancer activity. In this study, a new phenylpropanoid compound, glossogin (1'-acetoxy-4-O-isovalyryleugenol), was isolated from ethyl acetate extract of G. tenuifolia by using column chromatography and HPLC. Its chemical structure was determined by (1)H and (13)C NMR, MS and IR spectroscopic evidence. This compound showed the cytotoxicity against A549 human lung cancer cell line and it induced the progressing apoptosis on A549 cells. This apoptosis was verified as A549 cells were arrested at the sub-G(1) phase. The apoptosis was accompanied by release of cytochrome C and activation of caspase-9 and -3. It was also associated with the decrease in Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL protein levels, and the increase in Bad protein expression. Data analysis suggests glossogin exerted significant apoptotic effect on A549 cells through the mitochondrial pathway. Hence, our findings showed that glossogin exhibited potential anticancer activity against lung cancer through proliferating inhibition and apoptosis induction of cancer cells.
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46
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Ramos S. Cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy: dietary polyphenols and signalling pathways. Mol Nutr Food Res 2008; 52:507-26. [PMID: 18435439 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200700326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 455] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prevention of cancer through dietary intervention recently has received an increasing interest, and dietary polyphenols have become not only important potential chemopreventive, but also therapeutic, natural agents. Polyphenols have been reported to interfere at the initiation, promotion and progression of cancer. They might lead to the modulation of proteins in diverse pathways and require the integration of different signals for the final chemopreventive or therapeutic effect. Polyphenols have been demonstrated to act on multiple key elements in signal transduction pathways related to cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis and metastasis; however, these molecular mechanisms of action are not completely characterized and many features remain to be elucidated. The aim of this review is to provide insights into the molecular basis of potential chemopreventive and therapeutic activities of dietary polyphenols with emphasis in their ability to control intracellular signalling cascades considered as relevant targets in a cancer preventive approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Ramos
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Instituto del Frío, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas(CSIC), Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain.
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Babich H, Gottesman RT, Liebling EJ, Schuck AG. Theaflavin-3-Gallate and Theaflavin-3'-Gallate, Polyphenols in Black Tea with Prooxidant Properties. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2008; 103:66-74. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2008.00232.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Klenow S, Glei M, Haber B, Owen R, Pool-Zobel B. Carob fibre compounds modulate parameters of cell growth differently in human HT29 colon adenocarcinoma cells than in LT97 colon adenoma cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:1389-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2007] [Revised: 08/16/2007] [Accepted: 09/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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49
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Aparicio-Fernández X, Reynoso-Camacho R, Castaño-Tostado E, García-Gasca T, González de Mejía E, Guzmán-Maldonado SH, Elizondo G, Yousef GG, Lila MA, Loarca-Pina G. Antiradical capacity and induction of apoptosis on HeLa cells by a Phaseolus vulgaris extract. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2008; 63:35-40. [PMID: 18095168 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-007-0066-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2007] [Accepted: 11/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Jamapa bean is a black Phaseolus vulgaris variety rich in condensed tannins, anthocyanins and flavonols with interesting biological activities. The objective of this work was to evaluate the antiradical capacity (ARC) of a Jamapa bean methanolic extract (BME) and some of the proanthocyanidin-rich fractions derived from it, using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The effect of the BME on some proteins involved in apoptosis on HeLa cells was also evaluated. A strong correlation between proanthocyanidin concentration in BME and antiradical capacity was found, suggesting that these compounds contribute significantly to antiradical activity. BME was a better radical scavenger than butylated hydroxytoluene (45.6 and 33.9% ARC at 400 microM, respectively). Two proanthocyanidin-rich fractions obtained after a preliminary separation of the BME using Toyopearl (TP4 and TP6) exhibited a higher antiradical activity than the parent extract. The treatment of HeLa cells with 35 microg BME/ml/24 h increased the expression of Bax and Caspase-3, pro-apoptotic proteins (6.13 and 1.2 times for Caspase-3 and Bax, respectively). The mechanism of action of some proteins involved in apoptosis was also evaluated, and the results suggest that black Jamapa bean could be an important source of polyphenolic compounds with potential biological use as antioxidant and anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xochitl Aparicio-Fernández
- Programa de Posgrado en Alimentos del Centro de la Republica (PROPAC), Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Queretaro, Qro., 76010, Mexico
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50
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Schuck AG, Ausubel MB, Zuckerbraun HL, Babich H. Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate, a component of black tea: an inducer of oxidative stress and apoptosis. Toxicol In Vitro 2007; 22:598-609. [PMID: 18248951 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2007] [Revised: 11/27/2007] [Accepted: 11/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of human oral squamous carcinoma HSC-2 cells and normal GN46 fibroblasts with theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF-3), a polyphenol in black tea, showed a concentration and time dependent inhibition of growth, with the tumor cells more sensitive than the fibroblasts. In buffer and in cell culture medium, TF-3 generated reactive oxygen species, with lower levels detected in buffer amended with catalase and superoxide dismutase, indicating the generation of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide, respectively, and suggesting that TF-3 may be an inducer of oxidative stress. The toxicity of TF-3 was decreased in the presence of catalase, pyruvate, and divalent cobalt, all scavengers of reactive oxygen species, but was potentiated in the presence of diethyldithiocarbamate, an inhibitor of superoxide dismutase. The intracellular level of glutathione in HSC-2 cells was lessened after a 4-h exposure to 250 and 500 microM TF-3. However, for GN46 fibroblasts, a 4-h exposure to 250 microM TF-3 stimulated, but to 500 microM TF-3 lessened, intracellular glutathione. Treatment of the cells with the glutathione depleters, 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, and d,l-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine potentiated the toxicity of TF-3. Induction of apoptotic cell death in HSC-2 cells treated with TF-3 was noted by apoptotic cell morphologies, by TUNEL staining, by PARP cleavage, and by elevated activity of caspase-3. Apoptosis was not noted in GN46 fibroblasts treated with TF-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa G Schuck
- Department of Biology, Stern College for Women, Yeshiva University, 245 Lexington Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
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