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He Y, Ma Y, Zhu Y, Zhang J, Zhao S, Zhang D, Xu D, Li Y, Tong Z, Zhao W. HDAC inhibitors target IRS4 to enhance anti‑AR therapy in AR‑positive triple‑negative breast cancer. Int J Oncol 2024; 64:25. [PMID: 38214343 PMCID: PMC10807637 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple‑negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most malignant subtype of breast cancer. Androgen receptor (AR) has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for AR‑positive TNBC; however, clinical trials have not yet produced an effective treatment. The present study aimed to identify a novel treatment regimen to improve the prognosis of AR‑positive TNBC. First, a combination of an AR inhibitor (enzalutamide, Enz) and a selective histone deacetylase inhibitor (chidamide, Chid) was used to treat AR‑positive TNBC cell lines, and a synergistic effect of these drugs was observed. The combination treatment inhibited cell proliferation and migration by arresting the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. Subsequently, next‑generation sequencing was performed to detect changes in gene regulation. The results showed that the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway was significantly inhibited by the combination treatment of Enz and Chid. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis revealed that the combination group was significantly enriched in KRAS signalling. Analysis of the associated genes revealed that insulin receptor substrate 4 (IRS4) may have a critical role in blocking the activation of KRAS signalling. In a mouse xenograft model, combination treatment also inhibited the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway by upregulating the expression of IRS4 and thereby suppressing tumour growth. In conclusion, the results of the present study revealed that combination treatment with Enz and Chid can upregulate IRS4, which results in the blocking of KRAS signalling and suppression of tumour growth. It may be hypothesised that the expression levels of IRS4 could be used as a biomarker for screening patients with AR‑positive TNBC using Enz and Chid combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang He
- Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
- Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Cancer Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin 300308, P.R. China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
- Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200437, P.R. China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Shaorong Zhao
- The 3rd Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Diagnosis and Therapy Centre of Thyroid and Breast, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Danni Xu
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Centre, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yun Li
- The Department of Breast Surgery Ward 2, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Zhongsheng Tong
- Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Weipeng Zhao
- Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
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Yu F, Huang D, Kuang Y, Dong J, Han Q, Zhou J, Teng X. IRS1 promotes thyroid cancer metastasis through EMT and PI3K/AKT pathways. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2024; 100:284-293. [PMID: 38172081 DOI: 10.1111/cen.15005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin receptor substract 1 (IRS1) protein is an important signal transduction adapter for extracellular signal transduction from insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and its family members to IRS1 downstream proteins. IRS1 has been reported to be involved in tumourigenesis and metastasis in some of solid tumors. Investigating the role of IRS1 in thyroid cancer can help to screen high risk patients at the initial diagnosis. DESIGN, PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS Immunohistochemical assay was used to detect the expression levels of IRS1 in 131 metastatic thyroid cancer tissues. Wound healing, cell invasion and colony formation assays were used to study the functions of IRS1 in vitro. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and Western blot analysis analyses were performed to examine the underlying regulation mechanisms of IRS1 in thyroid cancer cells. RESULTS IRS1 was highly expressed in thyroid cancers and its expression was positively associated with distant metastasis and advanced clinical stages. In vitro studies demonstrated that IRS1 is an important mediator of migration, invasion and colony formation of thyroid cancer cells. RNA-seq showed that IRS1 promoted the metastasis of thyroid cancer by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway. CONCLUSIONS IRS1 overexpression contributes to the aggressiveness of thyroid cancer and is expected to be a stratified marker and a potential therapeutic target for thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Huang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yeye Kuang
- Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Dong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingmei Han
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Teng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Ahmed SA, Mendonca P, Messeha SS, Oriaku ET, Soliman KFA. The Anticancer Effects of Marine Carotenoid Fucoxanthin through Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K)-AKT Signaling on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules 2023; 29:61. [PMID: 38202644 PMCID: PMC10779870 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer that lacks specific targets such as estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors. TNBC affects one in eight women in the United States, making up 15-20% of breast cancer cases. Patients with TNBC can develop resistance to chemotherapy over time, leading to treatment failure. Therefore, finding other options like natural products is necessary for treatment. The advantages of using natural products sourced from plants as anticancer agents are that they are less toxic, more affordable, and have fewer side effects. These products can modulate several cellular processes of the tumor microenvironment, such as proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. The phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT signaling pathway is an important pathway that contributes to the survival and growth of the tumor microenvironment and is associated with these cellular processes. This current study examined the anticancer effects of fucoxanthin, a marine carotenoid isolated from brown seaweed, in the MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 TNBC cell lines. The methods used in this study include a cytotoxic assay, PI3K-AKT signaling pathway PCR arrays, and Wes analysis. Fucoxanthin (6.25 µM) + TNF-α (50 ng/mL) and TNF-α (50 ng/mL) showed no significant effect on cell viability compared to the control in both MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells after a 24 h treatment period. PI3K-AKT signaling pathway PCR array studies showed that in TNF-α-stimulated (50 ng/mL) MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells, fucoxanthin (6.25 µM) modulated the mRNA expression of 12 genes, including FOXO1, RASA1, HRAS, MAPK3, PDK2, IRS1, EIF4EBP1, EIF4B, PTK2, TIRAP, RHOA, and ELK1. Additionally, fucoxanthin significantly downregulated the protein expression of IRS1, EIF4B, and ELK1 in MDA-MB-231 cells, and no change in the protein expression of EIF4B and ELK1 was shown in MDA-MB-468 cells. Fucoxanthin upregulated the protein expression of RHOA in both cell lines. The modulation of the expression of genes and proteins of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway may elucidate fucoxanthin's effects in cell cycle progression, apoptotic processes, migration, and proliferation, which shows that PI3K-AKT may be the possible molecular mechanism for fucoxanthin's effects. In conclusion, the results obtained in this study elucidate fucoxanthin's molecular mechanisms and indicate that fucoxanthin may be considered a promising candidate for breast cancer-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shade’ A. Ahmed
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (S.A.A.); (E.T.O.)
| | - Patricia Mendonca
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA;
| | - Samia S. Messeha
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA;
| | - Ebenezer T. Oriaku
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (S.A.A.); (E.T.O.)
| | - Karam F. A. Soliman
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (S.A.A.); (E.T.O.)
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Ahmed M, Biswas T, Mondal S. The strategic involvement of IRS in cancer progression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 680:141-160. [PMID: 37738904 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Insulin Receptor Substrate (IRS), an intracellular molecule devoid of an intrinsic kinase activity, is activated upon binding to IR which thereby works as a scaffold, organizing all signaling complexes and initiating the signaling process downstream. The level of IRS proteins and their stability in the cell is mostly maintained through the phosphorylation status of their tyrosine and serine residues. IRS is positively regulated by phosphorylation of its Tyr residues whereas a Ser residue phosphorylation attenuates it, although there exist some exceptions as well. Other post-translational modifications like O-linked glycosylation, N-linked glycosylation and acetylation also play a prominent role in IRS regulation. Since the discovery of the Warburg effect, people have been curious to find out all possible signaling networks and molecules that could lead to cancer and no doubt, the insulin signaling pathway is identified as one such pathway, which is highly deregulated in cancers. Eminent studies reveal that IRS is a pertinent regulator of cancer and is highly overexpressed in the five most commonly occurring cancers namely- Prostate, Ovarian, Breast, Colon and Lung cancers. IRS1 and IRS2 family members are actively involved in the progression, invasion and metastasis of these cancers. Recently, less studied IRS4 has also emerged as a contributor in ovarian, breast, colorectal and lung cancer, but no such studies related to IRS4 are found in Prostate cancer. The involvement of other IRS family members in cancer is still undiscovered and so paves the way for further exploration. This review is a time-lapse study of IRSs in the context of cancer done over the past two decades and it highlights all the major discoveries made till date, in these cancers from the perspective of IRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehnaz Ahmed
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Tannishtha Biswas
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Susmita Mondal
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India.
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Martínez Báez A, Castro Romero I, Chihu Amparan L, Castañeda JR, Ayala G. The Insulin Receptor Substrate 2 Mediates the Action of Insulin on HeLa Cell Migration via the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:2296-2308. [PMID: 36975518 PMCID: PMC10047682 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin signaling plays an important role in the development and progression of cancer since it is involved in proliferation and migration processes. It has been shown that the A isoform of the insulin receptor (IR-A) is often overexpressed, and its stimulation induces changes in the expression of the insulin receptor substrates (IRS-1 and IRS-2), which are expressed differently in the different types of cancer. We study the participation of the insulin substrates IRS-1 and IRS-2 in the insulin signaling pathway in response to insulin and their involvement in the proliferation and migration of the cervical cancer cell line. Our results showed that under basal conditions, the IR-A isoform was predominantly expressed. Stimulation of HeLa cells with 50 nM insulin led to the phosphorylation of IR-A, showing a statistically significant increase at 30 min (p ≤ 0.05). Stimulation of HeLa cells with insulin induces PI3K and AKT phosphorylation through the activation of IRS2, but not IRS1. While PI3K reached the highest level at 30 min after treatment (p ≤ 0.05), AKT had the highest levels from 15 min (p ≤ 0.05) and remained constant for 6 h. ERK1 and ERK2 expression was also observed, but only ERK2 was phosphorylated in a time-dependent manner, reaching a maximum peak 5 min after insulin stimulation. Although no effect on cell proliferation was observed, insulin stimulation of HeLa cells markedly promoted cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Martínez Báez
- Infection Disease Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico
| | - Ivone Castro Romero
- Subdirectorate of Training and Medical Update, Secretary of Health, Mexico City 06900, Mexico
| | - Lilia Chihu Amparan
- Infection Disease Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico
| | | | - Guadalupe Ayala
- Infection Disease Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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Lee JS, Tocheny CE, Shaw LM. The Insulin-like Growth Factor Signaling Pathway in Breast Cancer: An Elusive Therapeutic Target. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12121992. [PMID: 36556357 PMCID: PMC9782138 DOI: 10.3390/life12121992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we provide an overview of the role of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway in breast cancer and discuss its potential as a therapeutic target. The IGF pathway ligands, IGF-1 and IGF-2, and their receptors, primarily IGF-1R, are important for normal mammary gland biology, and dysregulation of their expression and function drives breast cancer risk and progression through activation of downstream signaling effectors, often in a subtype-dependent manner. The IGF signaling pathway has also been implicated in resistance to current therapeutic strategies, including ER and HER2 targeting drugs. Unfortunately, efforts to target IGF signaling for the treatment of breast cancer have been unsuccessful, due to a number of factors, most significantly the adverse effects of disrupting IGF signaling on normal glucose metabolism. We highlight here the recent discoveries that provide enthusiasm for continuing efforts to target IGF signaling for the treatment of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leslie M. Shaw
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-508-856-8675; Fax: +1-508-856-1310
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7
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Wong GL, Manore SG, Doheny DL, Lo HW. STAT family of transcription factors in breast cancer: Pathogenesis and therapeutic opportunities and challenges. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:84-106. [PMID: 35995341 PMCID: PMC9714692 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and second-leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) promote metastasis and therapeutic resistance contributing to tumor relapse. Through activating genes important for BCSCs, transcription factors contribute to breast cancer metastasis and therapeutic resistance, including the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family of transcription factors. The STAT family consists of six major isoforms, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5, and STAT6. Canonical STAT signaling is activated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a cell-surface receptor followed by STAT phosphorylation, leading to STAT nuclear translocation and transactivation of target genes. It is important to note that STAT transcription factors exhibit diverse effects in breast cancer; some are either pro- or anti-tumorigenic while others maintain dual, context-dependent roles. Among the STAT transcription factors, STAT3 is the most widely studied STAT protein in breast cancer for its critical roles in promoting BCSCs, breast cancer cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and immune evasion. Consequently, there have been substantial efforts in developing cancer therapeutics to target breast cancer with dysregulated STAT3 signaling. In this comprehensive review, we will summarize the diverse roles that each STAT family member plays in breast cancer pathobiology, as well as, the opportunities and challenges in pharmacologically targeting STAT proteins and their upstream activators in the context of breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace L Wong
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sara G Manore
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Daniel L Doheny
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hui-Wen Lo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Breast Cancer Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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8
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Zhao M, Pan B, He Y, Niu B, Gao X. Elucidating the pharmacological mechanism by which Si-Wu-Tang induces cellular senescence in breast cancer via multilevel data integration. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:5812-5837. [PMID: 35859293 PMCID: PMC9365552 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a promising strategy for effectively treating cancer by inducing cellular senescence with minimal side effects. Si-Wu-Tang (SWT) is a TCM composed of four herbs that is commonly used in China for the treatment of gynecological diseases; SWT can prevent breast cancer (BC), but the molecular mechanism by which SWT induces cellular senescence and its clinical application value remain unknown. We identified 335 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in SWT-treated MCF-7 cells through Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed the enrichment of biological processes and key signaling pathways including cellular senescence, the cell cycle, the MAPK signaling pathway, and the p53 signaling pathway. Additionally, SWT induced BC cell senescence by upregulating the expression of 33 aging/senescence-induced genes (ASIGs). According to LASSO regression analysis, NDRG1, ERRFI1, SOCS1, IRS2, IGFBP4, and BIRC3 levels were associated with BC prognosis and were used to develop risk scores. ERRFI1, SOCS1, IRS2, IGFBP4, and BIRC3 were identified as protective factors (P < 0.05, HR < 1), while NDRG1 was identified as a risk factor (P < 0.05, HR > 1). Notably, patients with low risk scores had increased senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs) and immune cell infiltration. Overall, we systematically integrated biological databases and biocomputational methods to reveal the mechanisms by which SWT induces senescence in breast cancer and its clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhong Zhao
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, PR China
| | - Botao Pan
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, PR China
| | - Yanjun He
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, PR China
| | - Bo Niu
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, PR China
| | - Xiuan Gao
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, PR China
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9
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Omar IS, Abd Jamil AH, Mat Adenan NA, Chung I. MPA alters metabolic phenotype of endometrial cancer-associated fibroblasts from obese women via IRS2 signaling. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270830. [PMID: 35816477 PMCID: PMC9273069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obese women have a higher risk of developing endometrial cancer (EC) than lean women. Besides affecting EC progression, obesity also affects sensitivity of patients to treatment including medroxprogesterone acetate (MPA). Obese women have a lower response to MPA with an increased risk for tumor recurrence. While MPA inhibits the growth of normal fibroblasts, human endometrial cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) were reported to be less responsive to MPA. However, it is still unknown how CAFs from obese women respond to progesterone. CAFs from the EC tissues of obese (CO) and non-obese (CN) women were established as primary cell models. MPA increased cell proliferation and downregulated stromal differentiation genes, including BMP2 in CO than in CN. Induction of IRS2 (a BMP2 regulator) mRNA expression by MPA led to activation of glucose metabolism in CO, with evidence of greater mRNA levels of GLUT6, GAPDH, PKM2, LDHA, and increased in GAPDH enzymatic activity. Concomitantly, MPA increased the mRNA expression of a fatty acid transporter, CD36 and lipid droplet formation in CO. MPA-mediated increase in glucose metabolism genes in CO was reversed with a progesterone receptor inhibitor, mifepristone (RU486), leading to a decreased proliferation. Our data suggests that PR signaling is aberrantly activated by MPA in CAFs isolated from endometrial tissues of obese women, leading to activation of IRS2 and glucose metabolism, which may lead to lower response and sensitivity to progesterone in obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intan Sofia Omar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Universiti Malaya Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amira Hajirah Abd Jamil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Azmi Mat Adenan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ara Damansara and Subang Jaya Medical Center, Ramsay Sime Darby Health Care, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ivy Chung
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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10
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Zhou K, Chen Q, Chen J, Liang D, Feng W, Liu M, Wang Q, Wang R, Ouyang Q, Quan C, Chen S. Spatiotemporal regulation of insulin signaling by liquid–liquid phase separation. Cell Discov 2022; 8:64. [PMID: 35790738 PMCID: PMC9256590 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00430-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractInsulin signals through its receptor to recruit insulin receptor substrates (IRS) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) to the plasma membrane for production of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) from phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], which consequently activates protein kinase B (PKB). How insulin signals transduce from the plasma membrane into the cytoplasm is not clearly understood. Here we show that liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) plays a critical role in spatiotemporal control of insulin signaling through regulating multiple components including IRS1. Both protein concentration and insulin stimulation can drive the formation of intracellular IRS1 condensates through LLPS. Components including PI(4,5)P2, p85-PI3K and PDK1 are constitutively present in IRS1 condensates whereas production of PIP3 and recruitment of PKB in them are induced by insulin. Thus, IRS1 condensates function as intracellular signal hubs to mediate insulin signaling, whose formation is impaired in insulin resistant cells. Collectively, these data reveal an important function of LLPS in spatiotemporal control of insulin signaling.
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11
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Song C, Yuan Y, Zhou J, He Z, Hu Y, Xie Y, Liu N, Wu L, Zhang J. Network Pharmacology-Based Prediction and Verification of Ginsenoside Rh2-Induced Apoptosis of A549 Cells via the PI3K/Akt Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:878937. [PMID: 35600856 PMCID: PMC9114502 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.878937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rh2 (G-Rh2), a rare protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type triterpene saponin, from Panax ginseng has anti-proliferation, anti-invasion, and anti-metastatic activity. However, the mechanisms by which G-Rh2 induces apoptosis of lung cancer cells are unclear. In the present work, a G-Rh2 target-lung cancer network was constructed and analyzed by the network pharmacology approach. A total of 91 compound-targets of G-Rh2 was obtained based on the compound-target network analysis, and 217 targets were identified for G-Rh2 against lung cancer by PPI network analysis. The 217 targets were significantly enriched in 103 GO terms with FDR <0.05 as threshold in the GO enrichment analysis. In KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, all the candidate targets were significantly enriched in 143 pathways, among of which PI3K-Akt signaling pathway was identified as one of the top enriched pathway. Besides, G-Rh2 induced apoptosis in human lung epithelial (A549) cells was verified in this work. G-Rh2 significantly inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and the apoptosis rate significantly increased from 4.4% to 78.7% using flow cytometry. Western blot analysis revealed that the phosphorylation levels of p85, PDK1, Akt and IκBα were significantly suppressed by G-Rh2. All the experimental findings were consistent with the network pharmacology results. Research findings in this work will provide potential therapeutic value for further mechanism investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Song
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute for Chinese Materia Medica, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Ziliang He
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Yeye Hu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Yuan Xie
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Beijing Increasepharm Safety and Efficacy Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Nan Liu, ; Lei Wu, ; Ji Zhang,
| | - Lei Wu
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Nan Liu, ; Lei Wu, ; Ji Zhang,
| | - Ji Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
- *Correspondence: Nan Liu, ; Lei Wu, ; Ji Zhang,
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12
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Du Y, Han Y, Wang X, Wang H, Qu Y, Guo K, Ma W, Fu L. Identification of Immune-Related Breast Cancer Chemotherapy Resistance Genes via Bioinformatics Approaches. Front Oncol 2022; 12:772723. [PMID: 35387129 PMCID: PMC8978268 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.772723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance in breast cancer is an important factor affecting the prognosis of breast cancer patients. We computationally analyzed the differences in gene expression before and after chemotherapy in breast cancer patients, drug-sensitive groups, and drug-resistant groups. Through functional enrichment analysis, immune microenvironment analysis, and other computational analysis methods, we identified PRC1, GGTLC1, and IRS1 as genes that may mediate breast cancer chemoresistance through the immune pathway. After validation of certain other clinical datasets and in vitro cellular assays, we found that the above three genes influenced drug resistance in breast cancer patients and were closely related to the tumor immune microenvironment. Our finding that chemoresistance in breast cancer could be influenced by the mediation of tumor immunity expanded our knowledge of how to address this problem and could guide future research involving chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Du
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yikai Han
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huanrong Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Qu
- Oncology Department of Laiyang People's Hospital, Laiyang, China
| | - Kaiyuan Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wang Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lijun Fu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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13
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Hou L, Hou S, Yin L, Zhao S, Li X. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition-Based Gene Signature and Distinct Molecular Subtypes for Predicting Clinical Outcomes in Breast Cancer. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:3497-3515. [PMID: 35386860 PMCID: PMC8979091 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s343885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Regulation of inducers and transcription factor families influence epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), a contributing factor to breast cancer invasion and progression. Methods Molecular subtypes were classified based on EMT-related mRNAs using ConsensusClusterPlus package. Differences in tumor immune microenvironment and prognosis were assessed among subtypes. Based on EMT genes, a gene signature for prognosis was built using TCGA training set by performing multivariate and univariate Cox regression analyses. Prediction accuracy of the signature was validated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and overall survival analysis on internal and external datasets. By conducting univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, the risk signature as an independent prognostic indicator was assessed. A nomogram was constructed and validated by calibration analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results Five molecular subtypes were characterized based on EMT genes. Patients in Cluster 2 exhibited an activated immune state and a better prognosis. An 11-EMT gene-signature was built to predict breast cancer prognosis. After validation, the signature showed independence and robustness in predicting clinical outcomes of patients. A nomogram combining the RiskScore and pTNM_stage accurately predicted 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year survival chance. In comparison with published model, the current model showed a higher area under the curve (AUC). Conclusion We characterized five breast cancer subtypes with distinct clinical outcomes and immune status. The study developed an 11-EMT gene-signature as an independent prognostic factor for predicting clinical outcomes of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Hou
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Wuzhong People's Hospital of Suzhou City, Suzhou, 215128, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Hou
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Wuzhong People's Hospital of Suzhou City, Suzhou, 215128, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yin
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Wuzhong People's Hospital of Suzhou City, Suzhou, 215128, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Wuzhong People's Hospital of Suzhou City, Suzhou, 215128, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Wuzhong People's Hospital of Suzhou City, Suzhou, 215128, People's Republic of China
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14
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IL-4 and IL-13 Promote Proliferation of Mammary Epithelial Cells through STAT6 and IRS-1. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112008. [PMID: 34769439 PMCID: PMC8584551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
T helper (Th)2 cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 control immune function by acting on leukocytes. They also regulate multiple responses in non-hematopoietic cells. During pregnancy, IL-4 and IL-13 facilitate alveologenesis of mammary glands. This particular morphogenesis generates alveoli from existing ducts and requires substantial cell proliferation. Using 3D cultures of primary mouse mammary epithelial cells, we demonstrate that IL-4 and IL-13 promote cell proliferation, leading to enlargement of mammary acini with partially filled lumens. The mitogenic effects of IL-4 and IL-13 are mediated by STAT6 as inhibition of STAT6 suppresses cell proliferation and improves lumen formation. In addition, IL-4 and IL-13 stimulate tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1). Prolonged treatment with these cytokines leads to increased IRS-1 abundance, which, in turn, amplifies IL-4- and IL-13-stimulated IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation. Through signaling crosstalk between IL-4/IL-13 and insulin, a hormone routinely included in mammary cultures, IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation is further enhanced. Lowering IRS-1 expression reduces cell proliferation, suggesting that IRS-1 is involved in IL-4- and IL-13-stimulated cell proliferation. Thus, a Th2-dominant cytokine milieu during pregnancy confers mammary gland development by promoting cell proliferation.
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15
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Comparative Gene Signature of (-)-Oleocanthal Formulation Treatments in Heterogeneous Triple Negative Breast Tumor Models: Oncological Therapeutic Target Insights. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051706. [PMID: 34069906 PMCID: PMC8157589 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) heterogeneity and limited therapeutic options confer its phenotypic aggressiveness. The discovery of anti-TNBC natural products with valid molecular target(s) and defined pharmacodynamic profile would facilitate their therapeutic nutraceutical use by TNBC patients. The extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) is a key Mediterranean diet ingredient. S-(−)-Oleocanthal (OC) leads the bioactive anti-tumor EVOO phenolic ingredients. A previous study reported the solid dispersion formulated OC with (+)-xylitol (OC-X) suppressed the in vivo progression and recurrence of the TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells. This study investigates the ability of OC-X formulation to suppress the in vivo heterogeneous BC initiation and progression utilizing advanced preclinical transgenic MMTV-PyVT and TNBC PDX mouse models. Furthermore, the clustering of the gene expression profiles in MMTV-PyVT and PDX mouse tumors treated with OC-X acquired by a Clariom S microarray analysis identified the distinctly affected genes. Several affected novel signature genes identified in response to OC-X treatments and proved overlapped in both mouse and human tumor models, shedding some lights toward understanding the OC anticancer molecular mechanism and assisting in predicting prospective clinical outcomes. This study provides molecular and preclinical evidences of OC-X potential as a nutraceutical suppressing heterogeneous TNBC model and offers preliminary gene-level therapeutic mechanistic insights.
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16
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Murugan B, Krishnan UM. Differently sized drug-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles elicit differential gene expression in MCF-7 cancer cells. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:1017-1034. [PMID: 33970678 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study investigates the effects of different sized unmodified and chemo-responsive mesoporous silica nanocarriers on MCF-7 cancer cells. Materials & methods: Unmodified and thiol-functionalized large and small-sized mesoporous MCM-41 silica nanoparticles prepared using templated sol-gel process were characterized for their physicochemical properties and in vitro and in vivo anticancer efficacy. Microarray analysis was carried out to assess their differential effect on gene expression. Results: Thiol-functionalized nanoparticles displayed chemo responsive release and greater cytotoxicity to cancer cells when compared with unmodified carriers. Microarray studies showed distinct differences in genes differentially regulated by sMCM-41and lMCM-41 carriers when compared with the free drug. Conclusion: The small chemo-responsive carrier was more effective in suppressing oncogenes and genes involved in proliferation, invasion and survival while the large carrier mainly altered membrane-associated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baranya Murugan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur, 613401, India.,School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur, 613401, India
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur, 613401, India.,School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur, 613401, India.,School of Arts, Science & Humanities, SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur, 613401, India
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17
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Hong L, Pu X, Gan H, Weng L, Zheng Q. YTHDF2 inhibit the tumorigenicity of endometrial cancer via downregulating the expression of IRS1 methylated with m 6A. J Cancer 2021; 12:3809-3818. [PMID: 34093789 PMCID: PMC8176259 DOI: 10.7150/jca.54527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA epigenetic modification take part in many biology processes, and the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation of specific mRNAs in endometrial cancer (EC) tissues play a key role in regulating the tumorigenicity of EC, but the specific mechanism still unknown and need to be investigated in the future. Here, we found that m6A reader protein YTHDF2 expression was significantly upregulated in EC compare to tumor adjacent tissues, YTHDF2 was then identified to inhibit the proliferation and invasion of EC cell lines. Mechanistically, the m6A reader YTHDF2 bind the methylation sites of target transcripts IRS1 and promoted IRS1 mRNA degradation, consequently inhibiting the expression of IRS1 and inhibiting IRS1/AKT signaling pathway, finally inhibit the tumorigenicity of EC. Thus, we demonstrated that YTHDF2 inhibited the proliferation and invasion of EC via inhibiting IRS1 expression in m6A epigenetic way, which suggests a potential therapeutic target for EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Hong
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Xiaowen Pu
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Haili Gan
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Lichun Weng
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Qingliang Zheng
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
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18
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Lero MW, Shaw LM. Diversity of insulin and IGF signaling in breast cancer: Implications for therapy. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 527:111213. [PMID: 33607269 PMCID: PMC8035314 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the significance of the insulin receptor (IR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling pathway in cancer and assesses its potential as a therapeutic target. Our emphasis is on breast cancer, but this pathway is central to the behavior of many cancers. An understanding of how IR/IGF-1R signaling contributes to the function of the normal mammary gland provides a foundation for understanding its aberrations in breast cancer. Specifically, dysregulation of the expression and function of ligands (insulin, IGF-1 and IGF-2), receptors and their downstream signaling effectors drive breast cancer initiation and progression, often in a subtype-dependent manner. Efforts to target this pathway for the treatment of cancer have been hindered by several factors including a lack of biomarkers to select patients that could respond to targeted therapy and adverse effects on normal metabolism. To this end, we discuss ongoing efforts aimed at overcoming such obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Lero
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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19
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Understanding the role of integrins in breast cancer invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. Oncogene 2021; 40:1043-1063. [PMID: 33420366 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01588-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are cell adhesion receptors, which are typically transmembrane glycoproteins that connect to the extracellular matrix (ECM). The function of integrins regulated by biochemical events within the cells. Understanding the mechanisms of cell growth by integrins is important in elucidating their effects on tumor progression. One of the major events in integrin signaling is integrin binding to extracellular ligands. Another event is distant signaling that gathers chemical signals from outside of the cell and transmit the signals upon cell adhesion to the inside of the cell. In normal breast tissue, integrins function as checkpoints to monitor effects on cell proliferation, while in cancer tissue these functions altered. The combination of tumor microenvironment and its associated components determines the cell fate. Hypoxia can increase the expression of several integrins. The exosomal integrins promote the growth of metastatic cells. Expression of certain integrins is associated with increased metastasis and decreased prognosis in cancers. In addition, integrin-binding proteins promote invasion and metastasis in breast cancer. Targeting specific integrins and integrin-binding proteins may provide new therapeutic approaches for breast cancer therapies. This review will examine the current knowledge of integrins' role in breast cancer.
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20
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Yu W, Singh R, Wang Z, O'Malley BW, Yi P. The E3 ligase TRAF4 promotes IGF signaling by mediating atypical ubiquitination of IRS-1. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100739. [PMID: 33991522 PMCID: PMC8191236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) is a potent mitogen that activates the IGF receptor (IGFR)/insulin receptor substrate (IRS) axis, thus stimulating growth in normal cells and uncontrolled cell proliferation in cancer. Posttranslational modifications of IRS such as ubiquitination tightly control IGF signaling, and we previously identified IRS-1 as a potential substrate for the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF4 using an unbiased screen. Here we provide evidence that TRAF4-mediated ubiquitination of IRS-1 is physiologically relevant and crucial for IGF signal transduction. Through site-directed mutagenesis we found that TRAF4 promotes an atypical K29-linked ubiquitination at the C-terminal end of IRS-1. Its depletion abolishes AKT and ERK phosphorylation downstream of IGF-1 and inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation. Overexpression of TRAF4 enhances IGF1-induced IGFR-IRS-1 interaction, IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation, and downstream effector protein activation, whereas mutation of IRS-1 ubiquitination sites completely abolishes these effects. Altogether, our studies demonstrate that nonproteolytic ubiquitination of IRS-1 is a key step in conveying IGF-1 stimulation from IGFR to IRS-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ramesh Singh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bert W O'Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ping Yi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
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21
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Wang Y, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Zhang A, Ma J. RETRACTED: Long noncoding RNA LBX2-AS1 drives the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by sponging microRNA-384 and thereby positively regulating IRS1 expression. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:152903. [PMID: 32143907 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.152903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the authors. The authors reported that the in vivo study was performed without the approval from an ethics committee. This is despite previously reporting that the in vivo experiments involved animals were approved by the Animal Care and Use Ethics Committee at their hospital. All authors have agreed to retract the article and apologise to the readership of the journal for any inconvenience caused. Further concern was raised about several figures of the article”: “A pair of flow-cytometry plots share most of their points in common, and appear to have been derived from the same data set.” The Editors of Pathology Research and Practice consider these concerns as well justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, 750004, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shanxi, 710061, China
| | - Yingren Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shanxi, 710061, China.
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Aiyun Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Juan Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, 750004, China
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22
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Lee MS, Jung K, Song JY, Sung MJ, Ahn SB, Lee B, Oh DY, Choi YL. IRS2 Amplification as a Predictive Biomarker in Response to Ceritinib in Small Cell Lung Cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 16:188-196. [PMID: 32099898 PMCID: PMC7029374 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a fast-growing and malignant cancer that responds well to chemotherapy; however, the survival rate is less than 15% after 2 years of diagnosis. Therefore, novel therapeutic agents for treating SCLC patients need to be evaluated. This study aims to identify the therapeutic targets based on the comprehensive genomic profiling of SCLC patients. Among the molecular-profiled SCLC samples obtained using targeted sequencing, the array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) identified focal insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) amplification in the SCLC patients. IRS2 amplification was confirmed in 5% of 73 SCLC patients. To determine whether IRS2 amplification could act as a therapeutic target, we generated a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model and subsequently screened 43 targeted agents using the PDX-derived cells (PDCs). Ceritinib significantly inhibited the cell growth and impaired the tumor sphere formation in IRS2-expressing PDCs. Its effects were confirmed in various in vitro assays and were further validated in the mouse xenograft models. In this study, we present that IRS2 amplification and/or expression serve as preclinical implications for a novel therapeutic target in SCLC progression. Furthermore, we suggest that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptor inhibitor-based therapy could be used for treating SCLC with IRS2 amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Sook Lee
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Kyungsoo Jung
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Song
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Min-Jung Sung
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Sung-Bin Ahn
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Boram Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Doo-Yi Oh
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Yoon-La Choi
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
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23
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Zhuang J, Song Y, Ye Y, He S, Ma X, Zhang M, Ni J, Wang J, Xia W. PYCR1 interference inhibits cell growth and survival via c-Jun N-terminal kinase/insulin receptor substrate 1 (JNK/IRS1) pathway in hepatocellular cancer. J Transl Med 2019; 17:343. [PMID: 31619254 PMCID: PMC6796468 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-2091-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cancer is the second leading causes of cancer-related death globally. Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) plays a critical role in metabolic profiles of tumors. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the mechanisms of PYCR1 on cell growth and survival in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Protein and mRNA expression levels of PYCR1 in 140 pairs of tumor and adjacent normal liver tissues of HCC patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Expressions of PYCR1 were inhibited in BEL-7404 cells and SMMC-7721 cells using gene interference technology. The cell proliferation was detected by Celigo and MTT assay. The colony formation assay was also performed. The cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometric assay. The effect of PYCR1 interference on tumor growth was observed by xenograft nude mice assay in vivo. The downstream pathway of PYCR1 interference was searched by microarray and bioinformatics analysis, and validated by qRT-PCR and western blot. RESULTS PYCR1 levels were significantly up-regulated in HCC tumor tissues than adjacent normal liver tissues in both protein and mRNA levels (P < 0.01). In vitro, the cell proliferation was significantly slower in shPYCR1 group than shCtrl group in BEL-7404 and SMMC-7721 cells (P < 0.001). The colony number was significantly smaller after PYCR1 interference (P < 0.01). The percentage of apoptosis cells significantly increased in shPYCR1 group (P < 0.01). In vivo, PYCR1 interference could obviously suppress tumor growth in xenograft nude mice. The volume and weight of tumors were significantly smaller via PYCR1 interference. The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway significantly altered, and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) were significantly down-regulated by PYCR1 interference in both mRNA and protein levels (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION PYCR1 interference could inhibit cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis in HCC through regluting JNK/IRS1 pathway. Our study will provide a drug target for HCC therapy and a potential biomarker for its diagnosis or prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhua Zhuang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Song
- Central Laboratory, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Ye
- Central Laboratory, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - Saifei He
- Central Laboratory, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ni
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiening Wang
- Central Laboratory, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Cullin7 enhances resistance to trastuzumab therapy in Her2 positive breast cancer via degrading IRS-1 and downregulating IGFBP-3 to activate the PI3K/AKT pathway. Cancer Lett 2019; 464:25-36. [PMID: 31461670 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Patients with Her2-positive breast cancer exhibit de novo resistance or develop acquired resistance in less than one year after Her2 targeting treatment, but the mechanism is not fully elucidated. Compensatory pathways such as the IGF-1R/IRS-1 pathway, are activated, leading to aberrant enhanced PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway activity to attenuate the efficacy of trastuzumab. Cullin7 could participate in the degradation of IRS-1 in a mTOR/S6K dependent manner. Whether Cullin7 participates in trastuzumab resistance needs to be further investigated. Here, we reveals that Cullin7 is overexpressed in trastuzumab-resistant Her2 positive breast cancer cells. Knockdown of Cullin7 reduces degradation of Ser phosphorylation of IRS-1, attenuates activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, and partly restores trastuzumab sensitivity in trastuzumab-resistant Her2 positive breast cancer cells. IGFBP-3 expression is decreased in trastuzumab-resistant Her2 positive breast cancer cells, which leads to release of the Wnt signaling pathway inhibition and an increase in Cullin7 expression, as mediated by TCF7L2. Overexpression of Cullin7 in Her2-amplified breast cancer tissues has clinical implications because it positively correlates with shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and inadequate response to trastuzumab. Thus, our results suggest a critical role for Cullin7 in response to trastuzumab, which has significant implications for selection of the optimal therapeutic strategy for Her2 positive breast cancers.
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Piper AJ, Clark JL, Mercado-Matos J, Matthew-Onabanjo AN, Hsieh CC, Akalin A, Shaw LM. Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 (IRS-1) and IRS-2 expression levels are associated with prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220567. [PMID: 31393907 PMCID: PMC6687170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling pathway has been implicated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) outcomes and resistance to targeted therapies. However, little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms by which this pathway contributes to the biology of NSCLC. The insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins are cytoplasmic adaptor proteins that signal downstream of the IGF-1R and determine the functional outcomes of this signaling pathway. In this study, we assessed the expression patterns of IRS-1 and IRS-2 in NSCLC to identify associations between IRS-1 and IRS-2 expression levels and survival outcomes in the two major histological subtypes of NSCLC, adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). High IRS-2 expression was significantly associated with decreased overall survival in adenocarcinoma (ADC) patients, whereas low IRS-1 cytoplasmic expression showed a trend toward association with decreased overall survival in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients. Tumors with low IRS-1 and high IRS-2 expression were found to be associated with poor outcomes in ADC and SCC, indicating a potential role for IRS-2 in the aggressive behavior of NSCLC. Our results suggest distinct contributions of IRS-1 and IRS-2 to the biology of ADC and SCC that impact disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Piper
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Clark
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jose Mercado-Matos
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Asia N. Matthew-Onabanjo
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Chung-Cheng Hsieh
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ali Akalin
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Leslie M. Shaw
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Gorgisen G, Hapil FZ, Yilmaz O, Cetin Z, Pehlivanoglu S, Ozbudak IH, Erdogan A, Ozes ON. Identification of novel mutations of Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 (IRS1) in tumor samples of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Implications for aberrant insulin signaling in development of cancer. Genet Mol Biol 2019; 42:15-25. [PMID: 30807634 PMCID: PMC6428125 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death, and NSCLC constitutes nearly 85%-90% of all cases. The IRS proteins function as adaptors and transmit signals from multiple receptors. Upon binding of insulin to the insulin receptor (IR), IRS1 is phosphorylated at several YXXM motifs creating docking sites for the binding of PI3Kp85, which activates AKT kinase. Therefore, we thought that gain of function mutantions of IRS1 could be related to development of lung cancer. In line with this, we wanted determine whether the IRS1 gene was mutated in the coding regions surrounding YXXM motifs. We sequenced the coding regions surrounding YXXM motifs of IRS1 using tumor samples of 42 NSCLC patients and 40 matching controls and found heterozygote p.S668T mutation in nine of 42 samples and four of nine also had the p.D674H mutation. We generated IRS1 expression vectors harboring p.S668T, p.D674H and double mutants. Expression of the mutants differentially affected insulin-induced phosphorylation of IRS1, AKT, ERK, and STAT3. Also, our mutants induced proliferation, glucose uptake, inhibited the migration of 293T cells and affected the responsiveness of the cells to cisplatin and radiation. Our results suggest that these novel mutations play a role in the phenotype of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ozlem Yilmaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Zafer Cetin
- Faculty of Medicine, Sanko University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Sun Y, Zhou J, Shi L, Li J, Chen J. MicroRNA‑466 inhibits cell proliferation and invasion in osteosarcoma by directly targeting insulin receptor substrate 1. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:3345-3352. [PMID: 30816452 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are frequently dysregulated in osteosarcoma (OS), and the aberrant expression of miRNAs is associated with OS initiation and progression. Previous studies demonstrated that miRNA‑466 (miR‑466) is dysregulated, and serves important roles in various types of human cancer. However, the role of miR‑466 in the formation and progression of OS remains unclear. In the present study, the expression level of miR‑466 was identified to be markedly downregulated in OS tissues and cell lines. Additionally, miR‑466 overexpression inhibited the proliferative and invasive abilities of OS cells. In the present study, bioinformatics analyses and luciferase assays were employed to show that miR‑466 was able to directly target the 3'‑untranslated region of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) gene, negatively regulating the mRNA and the protein expression levels of IRS1 in OS cells. Furthermore, IRS1 was upregulated in OS tissues, and the increased expression level of IRS1 exhibited an inverse correlation with the expression level of miR‑466. Furthermore, IRS1 overexpression was able to partially reverse the suppressive effects of miR‑466 overexpression in OS cells. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the present study is the first to suggest that miR‑466 is downregulated in OS and inhibits the progression of OS by directly targeting IRS1. The present results suggested that miR‑466 may represent a novel potential therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongning Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ningbo No. 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Jingzhen Zhou
- Department of Emergency, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Lina Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ningbo No. 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Emergency, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Ningbo No. 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
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Baocheng W, Zhao Y, Meng W, Han Y, Wang J, Liu F, Qin S, Ma J. Polymorphisms of insulin receptor substrate 2 are putative biomarkers for pediatric medulloblastoma: considering the genetic susceptibility and pathological diagnoses. NAGOYA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2018; 79:47-54. [PMID: 28303061 PMCID: PMC5346620 DOI: 10.18999/nagjms.79.1.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Molecular profiling subgrouped medulloblastoma (MB) into four subtypes featured by distinct footprints. However, germline studies on genetic susceptibility in Chinese population have not been reported. To investigate the correlation of polymorphisms involved in the AKT signaling pathway with clinicopathological parameters in pediatric MB, and their contribution to the clinical outcome, we performed a case-controlled cohort consisting of 48 patients with pediatric MB and 190 healthy controls from Han population. Significant association in rs7987237 of insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) was identified as risk allele/genotype between MB patients and control group (P<0.05). The allele “C” of rs7987237 in IRS2 gene was associated with an increased risk of MB (P=0.025; OR=2.95, 95%CI 1.43–6.11) after Bonferroni correction. Among 48 patients, various genotypes of rs7987237 show significant association with pathological diagnosis and metastases risk (P<0.05). Furthermore, the survival curve of patients with genotype “CC” of rs7987237 was confirmed with better outcome (P<0.001). Combined with previous results, our study suggests that polymorphisms of IRS2 putatively participated in the development of pediatric MB development. Therefore, it may benefit the early diagnosis and indicate the prognosis of patients with MB in Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Baocheng
- 1Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- 1Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Meng
- 1Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yipeng Han
- 1Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- 1Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feili Liu
- 1Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengying Qin
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ma
- 1Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhao J, Li Z, Chen Y, Zhang S, Guo L, Gao B, Jiang Y, Tian W, Hao S, Zhang X. MicroRNA‑766 inhibits papillary thyroid cancer progression by directly targeting insulin receptor substrate 2 and regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway. Int J Oncol 2018; 54:315-325. [PMID: 30387841 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are widely dysregulated in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Dysregulated miRNAs, together with their target genes, comprise a complex network that has been implicated in the regulation of PTC pathogenesis. Further knowledge of the functional roles of aberrantly expressed miRNAs in PTC, and the underlying molecular mechanisms, may assist in the identification of novel therapeutic targets. miR‑766 has been well studied in human cancer; however, the expression status, specific roles and regulatory mechanisms of miR‑766 in PTC remain unclear. The present study aimed to detect miR‑766 expression in PTC tissues and cell lines, to explore the biological roles of miR‑766 in the malignant biological behaviors of PTC cells, and to determine the underlying mechanism of action of miR‑766 in PTC cells. The results revealed that miR‑766 was downregulated in PTC tissues and cell lines, and its downregulation was strongly associated with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis. Overexpression of miR‑766 inhibited PTC cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion, promoted cell apoptosis and reduced tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) was identified as a direct target of miR‑766 in PTC cells. IRS2 was upregulated in PTC tissues, and this was inversely correlated with miR‑766 expression. Inhibition of IRS2 simulated the tumor suppressor activity of miR‑766 in PTC cells. Restoration of IRS2 expression negated the tumor‑suppressing effects of miR‑766 overexpression on PTC cells. Notably, miR‑766 directly targeted IRS2 to inhibit activation of the phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway in PTC cells in vitro and in vivo. Overall, these findings indicated that miR‑766 may inhibit the malignant biological behaviors of PTC cells by directly targeting IRS2 and regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway, thus suggesting that this miRNA may be a promising therapeutic target for PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjie Zhao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Zhirong Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Lingji Guo
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Wuguo Tian
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Hao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
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Luo J, Feng J, Wen Q, Qoyawayma C, Wang W, Chen L, Lu J, Zhan Y, Xu L, Zang H, Fan S, Chu S. Elevated expression of IRS-1 associates with phosphorylated Akt expression and predicts poor prognosis of breast invasive ductal carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2018; 79:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Sun X, Chen Y, Tan J, Qi X. Serum IRS-1 acts as a novel biomarker for diagnosis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:3685-3690. [PMID: 31949750 PMCID: PMC6962894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a major head and neck cancer with high occurrence in Southeast Asia and southern China. Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) plays an important role in the development, progression, invasion and metastasis of tumors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether IRS-1 could be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis of NPC through measuring their expression and assess their relationship with clinical pathological factors. METHODS Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were used to analyze the expression of IRS-1 in 133 NPC patients and 104 healthy controls. The relationship between IRS-1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics in NPC was estimated through chi-square test. We calculated diagnostic values of serum IRS-1 expression by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS This study reports that IRS-1 protein was weakly expressed in NPC specimens, but highly in healthy controls. Serum IRS-1 were up-regulation in NPC patients compared with healthy controls. Their up-regulation was significantly correlated with lymph node status (P=0.029). Furthermore, the value of the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) was 0.907. The optimal cutoff value was 2.255, providing a sensitivity of 88.0% and a specificity of 77.9% in differentiating NPC patients from healthy controls. CONCLUSION Our data indicates that serum IRS-1 might increase the sensitivity and accuracy in diagnosis of NPC, and may be a potential target for diagnosis and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxia Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical CollegeWeifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yongbao Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yishui Central Hospital of LinyiShandong, China
| | - Jifang Tan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Air Force Jinan to Recruit Students in Flight TrainingJinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xuanchang Qi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical CollegeWeifang, Shandong, China
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Identification of a Novel Invasion-Promoting Region in Insulin Receptor Substrate 2. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:MCB.00590-17. [PMID: 29685905 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00590-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins IRS1 and IRS2 share considerable homology and activate common signaling pathways, their contributions to breast cancer are distinct. IRS1 has been implicated in the proliferation and survival of breast tumor cells. In contrast, IRS2 facilitates glycolysis, invasion, and metastasis. To determine the mechanistic basis for IRS2-dependent functions, we investigated unique structural features of IRS2 that are required for invasion. Our studies revealed that the ability of IRS2 to promote invasion is dependent upon upstream insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R)/insulin receptor (IR) activation and the recruitment and activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), functions shared with IRS1. In addition, a 174-amino-acid region in the IRS2 C-terminal tail, which is not conserved in IRS1, is also required for IRS2-mediated invasion. Importantly, this "invasion (INV) region" is sufficient to confer invasion-promoting ability when swapped into IRS1. However, the INV region is not required for the IRS2-dependent regulation of glucose uptake. Bone morphogenetic protein 2-inducible kinase (BMP2K) binds to the INV region and contributes to IRS2-dependent invasion. Taken together, our data advance the mechanistic understanding of how IRS2 regulates invasion and reveal that IRS2 functions important for cancer can be independently targeted without interfering with the metabolic activities of this adaptor protein.
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Khalid S, Hanif R, Jabeen I, Mansoor Q, Ismail M. Pharmacophore modeling for identification of anti-IGF-1R drugs and in-vitro validation of fulvestrant as a potential inhibitor. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196312. [PMID: 29787591 PMCID: PMC5963753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) is an important therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment. The alteration in the IGF-1R associated signaling network due to various genetic and environmental factors leads the system towards metastasis. The pharmacophore modeling and logical approaches have been applied to analyze the behaviour of complex regulatory network involved in breast cancer. A total of 23 inhibitors were selected to generate ligand based pharmacophore using the tool, Molecular Operating Environment (MOE). The best model consisted of three pharmacophore features: aromatic hydrophobic (HyD/Aro), hydrophobic (HyD) and hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA). This model was validated against World drug bank (WDB) database screening to identify 189 hits with the required pharmacophore features and was further screened by using Lipinski positive compounds. Finally, the most effective drug, fulvestrant, was selected. Fulvestrant is a selective estrogen receptor down regulator (SERD). This inhibitor was further studied by using both in-silico and in-vitro approaches that showed the targeted effect of fulvestrant in ER+ MCF-7 cells. Results suggested that fulvestrant has selective cytotoxic effect and a dose dependent response on IRS-1, IGF-1R, PDZK1 and ER-α in MCF-7 cells. PDZK1 can be an important inhibitory target using fulvestrant because it directly regulates IGF-1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samra Khalid
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, The Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Rumeza Hanif
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
| | - Ishrat Jabeen
- Research Center for Modeling & Simulation (RCMS), National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Qaisar Mansoor
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), KRL Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ismail
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), KRL Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Keegan AD, Zamorano J, Keselman A, Heller NM. IL-4 and IL-13 Receptor Signaling From 4PS to Insulin Receptor Substrate 2: There and Back Again, a Historical View. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1037. [PMID: 29868002 PMCID: PMC5962649 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this historical perspective, written in honor of Dr. William E. Paul, we describe the initial discovery of one of the dominant substrates for tyrosine phosphorylation stimulated by IL-4. We further describe how this “IL-4-induced phosphorylated substrate” (4PS) was characterized as a member of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) family of large adaptor proteins that link IL-4 and insulin receptors to activation of the phosphatidyl-inositol 3′ kinase pathway as well as other downstream signaling pathways. The relative contribution of the 4PS/IRS pathway to the early models of IL-4-induced proliferation and suppression of apoptosis are compared to our more recent understanding of the complex interplay between positive and negative regulatory pathways emanating from members of the IRS family that impact allergic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achsah D Keegan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jose Zamorano
- Unidad Investigacion, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario, Caceres, Spain
| | - Aleksander Keselman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nicola M Heller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Kumar AS, Rayala SK, Venkatraman G. Targeting IGF1R pathway in cancer with microRNAs: How close are we? RNA Biol 2018; 15:320-326. [PMID: 28613101 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2017.1338240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer of the head and neck are the most common cancers in India and account for 30% of all cancers. At molecular level, it could be attributed to the overexpression of growth factors like IGF1-R, EGFR, VEGF-R and deregulation of cell cycle regulators and tumor suppressors. IGF1-R is an emerging target in head and neck cancer treatment, because of its reported role in tumor development, progression and metastasis. IGF1R targeted agents are in advanced stages of clinical development. Nevertheless, these agents suffer from several disadvantages including acquired resistance and toxic side effects. Hence there is a need for developing newer agents targeting not only the receptor but also its downstream signaling. miRNAs are considered as master regulators of gene expression of multiple genes and has been widely reported to be a promising therapeutic strategy. This review discusses the present status of research in both these arenas and emphasizes the role of miRNA as a promising agent for biologic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arathy S Kumar
- a Department of Biotechnology , Indian Institute of Technology, Madras (IIT M) , Chennai , India
| | - Suresh K Rayala
- a Department of Biotechnology , Indian Institute of Technology, Madras (IIT M) , Chennai , India
| | - Ganesh Venkatraman
- b Department of Human Genetics , College of Biomedical Sciences, Technology & Research, Sri Ramachandra University , Porur, Chennai , India
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Sun S, Tan P, Huang X, Zhang W, Kong C, Ren F, Su X. Ubiquitinated CD36 sustains insulin-stimulated Akt activation by stabilizing insulin receptor substrate 1 in myotubes. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:2383-2394. [PMID: 29269414 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.811471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Both the magnitude and duration of insulin signaling are important in executing its cellular functions. Insulin-induced degradation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) represents a key negative feedback loop that restricts insulin signaling. Moreover, high concentrations of fatty acids (FAs) and glucose involved in the etiology of obesity-associated insulin resistance also contribute to the regulation of IRS1 degradation. The scavenger receptor CD36 binds many lipid ligands, and its contribution to insulin resistance has been extensively studied, but the exact regulation of insulin sensitivity by CD36 is highly controversial. Herein, we found that CD36 knockdown in C2C12 myotubes accelerated insulin-stimulated Akt activation, but the activated signaling was sustained for a much shorter period of time as compared with WT cells, leading to exacerbated insulin-induced insulin resistance. This was likely due to enhanced insulin-induced IRS1 degradation after CD36 knockdown. Overexpression of WT CD36, but not a ubiquitination-defective CD36 mutant, delayed IRS1 degradation. We also found that CD36 functioned through ubiquitination-dependent binding to IRS1 and inhibiting its interaction with cullin 7, a key component of the multisubunit cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Moreover, dissociation of the Src family kinase Fyn from CD36 by free FAs or Fyn knockdown/inhibition accelerated insulin-induced IRS1 degradation, likely due to disrupted IRS1 interaction with CD36 and thus enhanced binding to cullin 7. In summary, we identified a CD36-dependent FA-sensing pathway that plays an important role in negative feedback regulation of insulin activation and may open up strategies for preventing or managing type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishuo Sun
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou 215123, China and
| | - Pengcheng Tan
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou 215123, China and
| | - Xiaoheng Huang
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou 215123, China and
| | - Wei Zhang
- the Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Chen Kong
- the Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Fangfang Ren
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou 215123, China and
| | - Xiong Su
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou 215123, China and .,the Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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37
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Low YS, Daugherty AC, Schroeder EA, Chen W, Seto T, Weber S, Lim M, Hastie T, Mathur M, Desai M, Farrington C, Radin AA, Sirota M, Kenkare P, Thompson CA, Yu PP, Gomez SL, Sledge GW, Kurian AW, Shah NH. Synergistic drug combinations from electronic health records and gene expression. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2017; 24:565-576. [PMID: 27940607 PMCID: PMC6080645 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocw161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Using electronic health records (EHRs) and biomolecular data, we sought to discover drug pairs with synergistic repurposing potential. EHRs provide real-world treatment and outcome patterns, while complementary biomolecular data, including disease-specific gene expression and drug-protein interactions, provide mechanistic understanding. Method We applied Group Lasso INTERaction NETwork (glinternet), an overlap group lasso penalty on a logistic regression model, with pairwise interactions to identify variables and interacting drug pairs associated with reduced 5-year mortality using EHRs of 9945 breast cancer patients. We identified differentially expressed genes from 14 case-control human breast cancer gene expression datasets and integrated them with drug-protein networks. Drugs in the network were scored according to their association with breast cancer individually or in pairs. Lastly, we determined whether synergistic drug pairs found in the EHRs were enriched among synergistic drug pairs from gene-expression data using a method similar to gene set enrichment analysis. Results From EHRs, we discovered 3 drug-class pairs associated with lower mortality: anti-inflammatories and hormone antagonists, anti-inflammatories and lipid modifiers, and lipid modifiers and obstructive airway drugs. The first 2 pairs were also enriched among pairs discovered using gene expression data and are supported by molecular interactions in drug-protein networks and preclinical and epidemiologic evidence. Conclusions This is a proof-of-concept study demonstrating that a combination of complementary data sources, such as EHRs and gene expression, can corroborate discoveries and provide mechanistic insight into drug synergism for repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen S Low
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - William Chen
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tina Seto
- Clinical Informatics, Stanford University
| | | | - Michael Lim
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University
| | - Trevor Hastie
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University.,Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University
| | - Maya Mathur
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University
| | | | | | | | | | - Pragati Kenkare
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | - Peter P Yu
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Scarlett L Gomez
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University.,Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA
| | - George W Sledge
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University
| | - Allison W Kurian
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University.,Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University
| | - Nigam H Shah
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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38
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Moris D, Beal EW, Chakedis J, Burkhart RA, Schmidt C, Dillhoff M, Zhang X, Theocharis S, Pawlik TM. Role of exosomes in treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Surg Oncol 2017; 26:219-228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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39
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Du Z, Sha X. Demethoxycurcumin inhibited human epithelia ovarian cancer cells’ growth via up-regulating miR-551a. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317694302. [PMID: 28345465 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317694302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a natural agent that has ability to dampen tumor cells’ growth. However, the natural form of curcumin is prone to degrade and unstable in vitro. Here, we demonstrated that demethoxycurcumin (a curcumin-related demethoxy compound) could inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, IRS2/PI3K/Akt axis was inactivated in cells treated with demethoxycurcumin. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that miR-551a was down-regulated in ovarian cancer tissues and ovarian cancer cell lines. Over-expression of miR-551a inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells, whereas down-regulation of miR-551a exerted the opposite function. Luciferase assays confirmed that there was a binding site of miR-551a in IRS2, and we found that miR-551a exerted tumor-suppressive function by targeting IRS2 in ovarian cancer cells. Remarkably, miR-551a was up-regulated in the cells treated with demethoxycurcumin, and demethoxycurcumin suppressed IRS2 by restoration of miR-551a. In conclusion, demethoxycurcumin hindered ovarian cancer cells’ malignant progress via up-regulating miR-551a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xianqun Sha
- Northeast Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Shenyang, China
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40
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Exosome-derived microRNAs in cancer metabolism: possible implications in cancer diagnostics and therapy. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e285. [PMID: 28104913 PMCID: PMC5291842 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant progression is greatly affected by dynamic cross-talk between stromal and cancer cells. Exosomes are secreted nanovesicles that have key roles in cell–cell communication by transferring nucleic acids and proteins to target cells and tissues. Recently, MicroRNAs (miRs) and their delivery in exosomes have been implicated in physiological and pathological processes. Tumor-delivered miRs, interacting with stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment, modulate tumor progression, angiogenesis, metastasis and immune escape. Altered cell metabolism is one of the hallmarks of cancer. A number of different types of tumor rely on mitochondrial metabolism by triggering adaptive mechanisms to optimize their oxidative phosphorylation in relation to their substrate supply and energy demands. Exogenous exosomes can induce metabolic reprogramming by restoring the respiration of cancer cells and supress tumor growth. The exosomal miRs involved in the modulation of cancer metabolism may be potentially utilized for better diagnostics and therapy.
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41
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MicroRNA-1225-5p inhibits proliferation and metastasis of gastric carcinoma through repressing insulin receptor substrate-1 and activation of β-catenin signaling. Oncotarget 2016; 7:4647-63. [PMID: 26684358 PMCID: PMC4826233 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has linked aberrantly expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) with oncogenesis and malignant development in various human cancers. However, their specific roles and functions in gastric carcinoma (GC) remain largely undefined. In this study we identify and report a novel miRNA, miR-1225-5p, as tumor suppressor in GC development and progression. Microarray analysis revealed that there were fifty-six differentially expressed miRNAs (thirty-two upregulated and twenty-four downregulated) in GC tumor samples compared to their corresponding nontumorous tissues. Downregulation of miR-1225-5p was frequently detected in GC and strongly correlated with more aggressive phenotypes and poor prognosis. Functional assays demonstrated that ectopic overexpression of miR-1225-5p could inhibit cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion in vitro, as well as suppress tumor growth and metastasis in nude mice. Further integrative and functional studies suggested insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) as a downstream effector of miR-1225-5p which acted through β-catenin signaling pathway. These results demonstrate that miR-1225-5p serves to constrain GC growth and metastatic potential via inhibition of IRS1 and β-catenin signaling. Therefore, downregulation of miR-1225-5p is likely to be one of major molecular mechanisms accounting for the development and progression of GC.
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42
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Yu Y, Li X, Liu L, Chai J, Haijun Z, Chu W, Yin H, Ma L, Duan H, Xiao M. miR-628 Promotes Burn-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy via Targeting IRS1. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:1213-1224. [PMID: 27766036 PMCID: PMC5069443 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.15496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a common clinical feature among patients with severe burns. Previous studies have shown that miRNAs play critical roles in the regulation of stress-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. Our previous study showed that burn-induced skeletal muscle atrophy is mediated by miR-628. In this study, compared with sham rats, rats subjected to burn injury exhibited skeletal muscle atrophy, as well as significantly decreased insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) protein expression and significantly increased skeletal muscle cell apoptosis. An miRNA array showed that the levels of miR-628, a potential regulator of IRS1 protein translation, were also clearly elevated. Second, L6 myocyte cell apoptosis increased after induction of miR-628 expression, and IRS1 and p-Akt protein expression decreased significantly. Expression of the cell apoptosis-related proteins FoxO3a and cleaved caspase 3 also increased after induction of miR-628 expression. Finally, forced miR-628 expression in normal rats resulted in increased cell apoptosis and skeletal muscle atrophy, as well as changes in IRS1/Akt/FoxO3a signaling pathway activity consistent with the changes in protein expression described above. Inhibiting cell apoptosis with Z-VAD-FMK resulted in alleviation of burn-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. In general, our results indicate that miR-628 mediates burn-induced skeletal muscle atrophy by regulating the IRS1/Akt/FoxO3a signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Yu
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Lingying Liu
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Jiake Chai
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Zhang Haijun
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Wanli Chu
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Huinan Yin
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Hongjie Duan
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Mengjing Xiao
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048 China
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43
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Shull AY, Noonepalle SK, Awan FT, Liu J, Pei L, Bollag RJ, Salman H, Ding Z, Shi H. RPPA-based protein profiling reveals eIF4G overexpression and 4E-BP1 serine 65 phosphorylation as molecular events that correspond with a pro-survival phenotype in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Oncotarget 2016; 6:14632-45. [PMID: 25999352 PMCID: PMC4546493 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the most common adult leukemia, remains incurable despite advancements in treatment regimens over the past decade. Several expression profile studies have been pursued to better understand CLL pathogenesis. However, these large-scale studies only provide information at the transcriptional level. To better comprehend the differential protein changes that take place in CLL, we performed a reverse-phase protein array (RPPA) analysis using 167 different antibodies on B-cell lysates from 18 CLL patients and 6 normal donors. From our analysis, we discovered an enrichment of protein alterations involved with mRNA translation, specifically upregulation of the translation initiator eIF4G and phosphorylation of the cap-dependent translation inhibitor 4E-BP1 at serine 65. Interestingly, 4E-BP1 phosphorylation occurred independently of AKT phosphorylation, suggesting a disconnect between PI3K/AKT pathway activation and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation. Based on these results, we treated primary CLL samples with NVP-BEZ235, a PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor, and compared its apoptotic-inducing potential against the BTK inhibitor Ibrutinib and the PI3Kδ inhibitor Idelalisib. We demonstrated that treatment with NVP-BEZ235 caused greater apoptosis, greater apoptotic cleavage of eIF4G, and greater dephosphorylation of 4E-BP1 in primary CLL cells. Taken together, these results highlight the potential dependence of eIF4G overexpression and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation in CLL survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Y Shull
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Satish K Noonepalle
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Farrukh T Awan
- The Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jimei Liu
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lirong Pei
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Roni J Bollag
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Pathology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Huda Salman
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Deparment of Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhiyong Ding
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Huidong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Zhao X, Zhu D, Lu C, Yan D, Li L, Chen Z. MicroRNA-126 inhibits the migration and invasion of endometrial cancer cells by targeting insulin receptor substrate 1. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:1207-1212. [PMID: 26893720 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.4001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) have been demonstrated to serve important roles in the development and progression of human cancer, primarily through the direct targeting of oncogenes or tumor suppressors. It has been previously suggested that miR-126 may be associated with endometrial cancer (EC). However, the exact role of miR-126 in the migration and invasion of EC cells has not yet been studied. The present study demonstrated that the expression of miR-126 was significantly decreased in EC tissues when compared with matched normal adjacent tissues. The current study reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed in order to examine the expression level of miR-126. Wound healing and transwell assays were used to examine cell migration and invasion. A luciferase reporter assay was used to determine the targeting relationship and western blotting assay was performed to detect the protein expression. Furthermore, the overexpression of miR-126 significantly inhibited EC SKOV3 cell migration and invasion. Molecular mechanism investigation established that insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) functioned as a direct miR-126 target, and its expression was negatively regulated by miR-126 at a post-transcriptional level in the SKOV3 cells. Additionally, the overexpression of IRS1 reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-126 overexpression on SKOV3 cell migration and invasion. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that miR-126 inhibited EC cell migration and invasion, at least partially through the direct targeting of IRS1, suggesting that miR-126 may aid the treatment of EC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumin Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Taizhou City, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318020, P.R. China
| | - Danyang Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Taizhou City, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318020, P.R. China
| | - Cailing Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Taizhou City, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318020, P.R. China
| | - Dewen Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Taizhou City, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318020, P.R. China
| | - Lifeng Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Taizhou City, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318020, P.R. China
| | - Zhoufang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Taizhou City, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318020, P.R. China
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45
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Hanyuda A, Kim SA, Martinez-Fernandez A, Qian ZR, Yamauchi M, Nishihara R, Morikawa T, Liao X, Inamura K, Mima K, Cao Y, Zhang X, Wu K, Chan AT, Giovannucci EL, Meyerhardt JA, Fuchs CS, Shivdasani RA, Ogino S. Survival Benefit of Exercise Differs by Tumor IRS1 Expression Status in Colorectal Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2015; 23:908-17. [PMID: 26577117 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-015-4967-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-level physical activity is associated with lower colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality, likely through insulin sensitization. Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) is a mediator of insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathways, and its down-regulation is associated with insulin resistance. Therefore, we hypothesized that tumor IRS1 expression status might modify cellular sensitivity to insulin and IGF, and the prognostic association of physical activity. METHODS We assessed IRS1 expression level in 371 stage I-III rectal and colon cancers in the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study by immunohistochemistry. In survival analysis, Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess an interaction between post-diagnosis physical activity (ordinal scale of sex-specific quartiles Q1 to Q4) and IRS1 expression (ordinal scale of negative, low, and high), controlling for potential confounders, including microsatellite instability, CpG island methylator phenotype, long interspersed nucleotide element-1 (LINE-1) methylation level, and KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutation status. RESULTS There was a statistically significant interaction between post-diagnosis physical activity and tumor IRS1 expression in CRC-specific mortality analysis (P interaction = 0.005). Multivariable hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for higher post-diagnosis physical activity (Q3-Q4 vs. Q1-Q2) was 0.15 (0.02-1.38) in the IRS1-negative group, 0.45 (0.19-1.03) in the IRS1-low group, and 1.32 (0.50-3.53) in the IRS1-high group. CONCLUSIONS The association of post-diagnosis physical activity with colorectal carcinoma patient survival may differ by tumor IRS1 expression level. If validated, tumor IRS1 expression status may serve as a predictive marker to identify subgroups of patients who might gain greater survival benefit from an increased level of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Hanyuda
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sun A Kim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Zhi Rong Qian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mai Yamauchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Teppei Morikawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiaoyun Liao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kentaro Inamura
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, JFCR, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Mima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yin Cao
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ramesh A Shivdasani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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46
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McCormick SM, Heller NM. Commentary: IL-4 and IL-13 receptors and signaling. Cytokine 2015; 75:38-50. [PMID: 26187331 PMCID: PMC4546937 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 were discovered approximately 30years ago and were immediately linked to allergy and atopic diseases. Since then, new roles for IL-4 and IL-13 and their receptors in normal gestation, fetal development and neurological function and in the pathogenesis of cancer and fibrosis have been appreciated. Studying IL-4/-13 and their receptors has revealed important clues about cytokine biology and led to the development of numerous experimental therapeutics. Here we aim to highlight new discoveries and consolidate concepts in the field of IL-4 and IL-13 structure, receptor regulation, signaling and experimental therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M McCormick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Nicola M Heller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
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47
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Banerji J. Asparaginase treatment side-effects may be due to genes with homopolymeric Asn codons (Review-Hypothesis). Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:607-26. [PMID: 26178806 PMCID: PMC4533780 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present treatment of childhood T-cell leukemias involves the systemic administration of prokary-otic L-asparaginase (ASNase), which depletes plasma Asparagine (Asn) and inhibits protein synthesis. The mechanism of therapeutic action of ASNase is poorly understood, as are the etiologies of the side-effects incurred by treatment. Protein expression from genes bearing Asn homopolymeric coding regions (N-hCR) may be particularly susceptible to Asn level fluctuation. In mammals, N-hCR are rare, short and conserved. In humans, misfunctions of genes encoding N-hCR are associated with a cluster of disorders that mimic ASNase therapy side-effects which include impaired glycemic control, dislipidemia, pancreatitis, compromised vascular integrity, and neurological dysfunction. This paper proposes that dysregulation of Asn homeostasis, potentially even by ASNase produced by the microbiome, may contribute to several clinically important syndromes by altering expression of N-hCR bearing genes. By altering amino acid abundance and modulating ribosome translocation rates at codon repeats, the microbiomic environment may contribute to genome decoding and to shaping the proteome. We suggest that impaired translation at poly Asn codons elevates diabetes risk and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Banerji
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, MGH, Simches Research Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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48
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miR-106a* inhibits the proliferation of renal carcinoma cells by targeting IRS-2. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:8389-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3605-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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49
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Venmar KT, Fingleton B. Lessons from immunology: IL4R directly promotes mammary tumor metastasis. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e955373. [PMID: 25941616 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.955373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-4 (IL4), a Th2 cytokine, signals through IL4 receptors (IL4Rs) to regulate increased lymphocyte proliferation and survival. We have recently discovered that IL4 also promotes these phenotypes in mammary cancer cells expressing IL4Rs to enhance their metastatic ability. Targeting IL4/IL4R signaling on cancer cells themselves may limit metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine T Venmar
- Department of Cancer Biology; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine ; Nashville, TN USA
| | - Barbara Fingleton
- Department of Cancer Biology; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine ; Nashville, TN USA
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50
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Luo J, Wen Q, Li J, Xu L, Chu S, Wang W, Shi L, Xie G, Huang D, Fan S. Increased expression of IRS-1 is associated with lymph node metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:6117-6124. [PMID: 25337259 PMCID: PMC4203230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a head and neck malignant tumor rare throughout most of the world but common in Southeast Asia, especially in Southern China, which is with characteristics of early cervical lymph node metastasis and high incidence rate of distant metastasis. Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) is a signaling adapter protein that is encoded by the IRS-1 gene in humans, plays an important role in the development, progression, invasion and metastasis of tumors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the expression of IRS-1 protein and clinicopathological characteristics in NPC by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that the expression level of IRS-1 was significant higher in NPC than that in the control nasopharyngeal epithelia (P = 0.042). The positive percentage of IRS-1 expression in NPC with lymph node metastasis was also significantly higher than those without lymph node metastasis (P = 0.008). Positive expression of IRS-1 was proved to be the independent predicted factor for lymph node metastasis of NPC (P = 0.025) regardless of age, gender, histological type and clinical stages by multivariate logistic regression analysis. In addition, results showed higher sensitivity and agreement rate of IRS-1 for predicting lymph node metastasis of NPC patients. Taken together, high expression of IRS-1 might be closely correlated with lymph node metastasis in NPC and positive expression of IRS-1 could be used as an independent biomarker for predicting lymph node metastasis of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadi Luo
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiuyuan Wen
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lina Xu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuzhou Chu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weiyuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guiyuan Xie
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
| | - Donghai Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
| | - Songqing Fan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
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