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Zhang Y, Xu W, Peng C, Ren S, Zhang C. Intricate effects of post-translational modifications in liver cancer: mechanisms to clinical applications. J Transl Med 2024; 22:651. [PMID: 38997696 PMCID: PMC11245821 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05455-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is a significant global health challenge, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) being the most prevalent form, characterized by high incidence and mortality rates. Despite advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapies, the prognosis for advanced liver cancer remains poor. This underscores the urgent need for a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying HCC to enable early detection and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are crucial regulatory mechanisms in cellular biology, affecting protein functionality, interactions, and localization. These modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination, and glycosylation, occur after protein synthesis and play vital roles in various cellular processes. Recent advances in proteomics and molecular biology have highlighted the complex networks of PTMs, emphasizing their critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. Dysregulation of PTMs has been associated with several malignant cellular processes in HCC, such as altered cell proliferation, migration, immune evasion, and metabolic reprogramming, contributing to tumor growth and metastasis. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the pathological mechanisms and clinical implications of various PTMs in liver cancer. By exploring the multifaceted interactions of PTMs and their impact on liver cancer progression, we highlight the potential of PTMs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The significance of this review lies in its potential to inform the development of novel therapeutic approaches and improve prognostic tools for early intervention in the fight against liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weihao Xu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuanhui Peng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shenli Ren
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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2
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Sousa Da Silva RX, Breuer E, Shankar S, Kawakatsu S, Hołówko W, Santos Coelho J, Jeddou H, Sugiura T, Ghallab M, Da Silva D, Watanabe G, Botea F, Sakai N, Addeo P, Tzedakis S, Bartsch F, Balcer K, Lim C, Werey F, Lopez-Lopez V, Peralta Montero L, Sanchez Claria R, Leiting J, Vachharajani N, Hopping E, Torres OJM, Hirano S, Andel D, Hagendoorn J, Psica A, Ravaioli M, Ahn KS, Reese T, Montes LA, Gunasekaran G, Alcázar C, Lim JH, Haroon M, Lu Q, Castaldi A, Orimo T, Moeckli B, Abadía T, Ruffolo L, Dib Hasan J, Ratti F, Kauffmann EF, de Wilde RF, Polak WG, Boggi U, Aldrighetti L, McCormack L, Hernandez-Alejandro R, Serrablo A, Toso C, Taketomi A, Gugenheim J, Dong J, Hanif F, Park JS, Ramia JM, Schwartz M, Ramisch D, De Oliveira ML, Oldhafer KJ, Kang KJ, Cescon M, Lodge P, Rinkes IHMB, Noji T, Thomson JE, Goh SK, Chapman WC, Cleary SP, Pekolj J, Regimbeau JM, Scatton O, Truant S, Lang H, Fuks D, Bachellier P, Ohtsuka M, Popescu I, Hasegawa K, Lesurtel M, Adam R, Cherqui D, Uesaka K, Boudjema K, Pinto-Marques H, Grąt M, Petrowsky H, Ebata T, Prachalias A, Robles-Campos R, Clavien PA. Novel Benchmark Values for Open Major Anatomic Liver Resection in Non-cirrhotic Patients: A Multicentric Study of 44 International Expert Centers. Ann Surg 2023; 278:748-755. [PMID: 37465950 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000006012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims at establishing benchmark values for best achievable outcomes following open major anatomic hepatectomy for liver tumors of all dignities. BACKGROUND Outcomes after open major hepatectomies vary widely lacking reference values for comparisons among centers, indications, types of resections, and minimally invasive procedures. METHODS A standard benchmark methodology was used covering consecutive patients, who underwent open major anatomic hepatectomy from 44 high-volume liver centers from 5 continents over a 5-year period (2016-2020). Benchmark cases were low-risk non-cirrhotic patients without significant comorbidities treated in high-volume centers (≥30 major liver resections/year). Benchmark values were set at the 75th percentile of median values of all centers. Minimum follow-up period was 1 year in each patient. RESULTS Of 8044 patients, 2908 (36%) qualified as benchmark (low-risk) cases. Benchmark cutoffs for all indications include R0 resection ≥78%; liver failure (grade B/C) ≤10%; bile leak (grade B/C) ≤18%; complications ≥grade 3 and CCI ® ≤46% and ≤9 at 3 months, respectively. Benchmark values differed significantly between malignant and benign conditions so that reference values must be adjusted accordingly. Extended right hepatectomy (H1, 4-8 or H4-8) disclosed a higher cutoff for liver failure, while extended left (H1-5,8 or H2-5,8) were associated with higher cutoffs for bile leaks, but had superior oncologic outcomes, when compared to formal left hepatectomy (H1-4 or H2-4). The minimal follow-up for a conclusive outcome evaluation following open anatomic major resection must be 3 months. CONCLUSION These new benchmark cutoffs for open major hepatectomy provide a powerful tool to convincingly evaluate other approaches including parenchymal-sparing procedures, laparoscopic/robotic approaches, and alternative treatments, such as ablation therapy, irradiation, or novel chemotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard X Sousa Da Silva
- Swiss HPB and Transplant Center Zurich, Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eva Breuer
- Swiss HPB and Transplant Center Zurich, Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sadhana Shankar
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Shoji Kawakatsu
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Wacław Hołówko
- Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - João Santos Coelho
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplantation Centre, Curry Cabral Hospital, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Heithem Jeddou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Digestive Surgery, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Teiichi Sugiura
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mohammed Ghallab
- Paul Brousse Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Doris Da Silva
- Department of HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation, AP-HP Beaujon Hospital, University of Paris Cité, Clichy, France
| | - Genki Watanabe
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Florin Botea
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nozomu Sakai
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Pietro Addeo
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Hospital, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Stylianos Tzedakis
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, Cochin Hospital, Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Fabian Bartsch
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kaja Balcer
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, CHU Lille, University Lille, Lille, France
| | - Chetana Lim
- Department of Digestive, Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation, AP-HP Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche de Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Werey
- Department of Oncology and Digestive Surgery, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Victor Lopez-Lopez
- Clinic and University Virgen de la Arrixaca Hospital, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - Luciana Peralta Montero
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery Section and Liver Transplant Unit, General Surgery Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Sanchez Claria
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery Section and Liver Transplant Unit, General Surgery Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jennifer Leiting
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Neeta Vachharajani
- Department of Surgery, Section of Abdominal Organ Transplant, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Eve Hopping
- Hepatobiliary Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide & Hepatobiliary Unit, Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Orlando J M Torres
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hepatopancreatobiliary Unit, Presidente Dutra Hospital, São Luiz, Brazil
| | - Satoshi Hirano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Daan Andel
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Hagendoorn
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alicja Psica
- Department of Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Matteo Ravaioli
- Hepato-biliary surgery and Transplant Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Keun Soon Ahn
- Division of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Tim Reese
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Semmelweis University of Medicine, Asklepios Campus Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leonardo A Montes
- General Surgery Department Liver, Pancreas and Intestinal Transplant Unit, Favaloro Foundation University Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ganesh Gunasekaran
- Department of Surgery, Division of HPB Service, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Cándido Alcázar
- Department of Surgery, HPB and Transplant Unit, General Universitary Hospital Alicante and Health and Biomedical Research Institute of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jin Hong Lim
- Department of Surgery, Division of HBP Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Muhammad Haroon
- Department of HPB and Liver Transplant, Bahria International Hospital Orchard, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Qian Lu
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Antonio Castaldi
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Liver Transplant Unit, University Côte d'Azur, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Tatsuya Orimo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Beat Moeckli
- Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Teresa Abadía
- HPB Surgical Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis Ruffolo
- Department of HPB and Transplant Surgery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Josefina Dib Hasan
- Transplant Unit, Hospital Aleman de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francesca Ratti
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Roeland F de Wilde
- Department of Surgery, Division of HPB and Transplant Surgery, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wojciech G Polak
- Department of Surgery, Division of HPB and Transplant Surgery, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ugo Boggi
- Division of General and Transplant Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Aldrighetti
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucas McCormack
- Transplant Unit, Hospital Aleman de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Alejandro Serrablo
- HPB Surgical Division, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Christian Toso
- Division of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Akinobu Taketomi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Jean Gugenheim
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Liver Transplant Unit, University Côte d'Azur, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Jiahong Dong
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Faisal Hanif
- Department of HPB and Liver Transplant, Bahria International Hospital Orchard, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Joon Seong Park
- Department of Surgery, Division of HBP Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - José M Ramia
- Department of Surgery, HPB and Transplant Unit, General Universitary Hospital Alicante and Health and Biomedical Research Institute of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Myron Schwartz
- Department of Surgery, Division of HPB Service, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Diego Ramisch
- General Surgery Department Liver, Pancreas and Intestinal Transplant Unit, Favaloro Foundation University Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michelle L De Oliveira
- Swiss HPB and Transplant Center Zurich, Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karl J Oldhafer
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Semmelweis University of Medicine, Asklepios Campus Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Koo Jeong Kang
- Division of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Matteo Cescon
- Hepato-biliary surgery and Transplant Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Peter Lodge
- Department of Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Inne H M Borel Rinkes
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Takehiro Noji
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - John-Edwin Thomson
- Hepatobiliary Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide & Hepatobiliary Unit, Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Su Kah Goh
- Hepatobiliary Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide & Hepatobiliary Unit, Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - William C Chapman
- Department of Surgery, Section of Abdominal Organ Transplant, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Sean P Cleary
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Juan Pekolj
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery Section and Liver Transplant Unit, General Surgery Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jean-Marc Regimbeau
- Department of Oncology and Digestive Surgery, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Olivier Scatton
- Department of Digestive, Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation, AP-HP Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche de Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Truant
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, CHU Lille, University Lille, Lille, France
| | - Hauke Lang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - David Fuks
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, Cochin Hospital, Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Bachellier
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Hospital, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Masayuki Ohtsuka
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Irinel Popescu
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Kiyoshi Hasegawa
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mickaël Lesurtel
- Department of HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation, AP-HP Beaujon Hospital, University of Paris Cité, Clichy, France
| | - René Adam
- Paul Brousse Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Daniel Cherqui
- Paul Brousse Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Katsuhiko Uesaka
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Karim Boudjema
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Digestive Surgery, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Hugo Pinto-Marques
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplantation Centre, Curry Cabral Hospital, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Michał Grąt
- Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Henrik Petrowsky
- Swiss HPB and Transplant Center Zurich, Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tomoki Ebata
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Andreas Prachalias
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Pierre-Alain Clavien
- Swiss HPB and Transplant Center Zurich, Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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El-Ghonemy DH, Ali SA, Abdel-Megeed RM, Elshafei AM. Therapeutic impact of purified Trichoderma viride L-asparaginase in murine model of liver cancer and in vitro Hep-G2 cell line. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:38. [PMID: 36995465 PMCID: PMC10063745 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00493-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the common cancers, but difficult to diagnose and treat. L-asparaginase has been introduced in the treatment protocol of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) since the 1960s with a good outcome and increased survival rates to nearly 90%. Moreover, it has been found to have therapeutic potential in solid tumors. Production of glutaminase-free-L-asparaginase is of interest to avoid glutaminase-related toxicity and hypersensitivity. In the current study, an extracellular L-asparaginase that is free of L-glutaminase was purified from the culture filtrate of an endophytic fungus Trichoderma viride. The cytotoxic effect of the purified enzyme was evaluated in vitro against a panel of human tumor cell lines and in vivo against male Wister albino mice intraperitoneally injected with diethyl nitrosamine (200 mg/kg bw), followed by (after 2 weeks) oral administration of carbon tetrachloride (2 mL/kg bw). This dose was repeated for 2 months, and after that, the blood samples were collected to estimate hepatic and renal injury markers, lipid profiles, and oxidative stress parameters. RESULTS L-asparaginase was purified from T. viride culture filtrate with 36 purification folds, 688.1 U/mg specific activity, and 38.9% yield. The highest antiproliferative activity of the purified enzyme was observed against the hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep-G2) cell line, with an IC50 of 21.2 g/mL, which was higher than that observed for MCF-7 (IC50 34.2 g/mL). Comparing the DENA-intoxicated group to the negative control group, it can be demonstrated that L-asparaginase adjusted the levels of the liver function enzymes and the hepatic injury markers that had previously changed with DENA intoxication. DENA causes kidney dysfunction and altered serum albumin and creatinine levels as well. Administration of L-asparaginase was found to improve the levels of the tested biomarkers including kidney and liver function tests. L-asparaginase treatment of the DENA-intoxicated group resulted in a significant improvement in the liver and kidney tissues to near normal similar to the healthy control group. CONCLUSION The results suggest that this purified T. viride L-asparaginase may be able to delay the development of liver cancer and may be used as a potential candidate for future application in medicine as an anticancer medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina H El-Ghonemy
- Microbial Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St, Giza, EG-12622, Egypt.
| | - Sanaa A Ali
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Center, 33 El Buhouth St., Giza, EG-12622, Egypt
| | - Rehab M Abdel-Megeed
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Center, 33 El Buhouth St., Giza, EG-12622, Egypt
| | - Ali M Elshafei
- Microbial Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St, Giza, EG-12622, Egypt
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A Water-Soluble Hydrogen Sulfide Donor Suppresses the Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Inhibiting the AKT/GSK-3 β/ β-Catenin and TGF- β/Smad2/3 Signaling Pathways. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2023; 2023:8456852. [PMID: 36925651 PMCID: PMC10014162 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8456852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a disease with high morbidity, high mortality, and low cure rate. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is widely adopted in tissue engineering and drug delivery. 5-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-3H-1, 2-dithiol-3-thione (ADT-OH) is one of commonly used H2S donors. In our previous study, HA-ADT was designed and synthesized via coupling of HA and ADT-OH. In this study, compared with sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a fast H2S-releasing donor) and morpholin-4-ium (4-methoxyphenyl)-morpholin-4-ylsulfanylidenesulfido-λ5-phosphane (GYY4137, a slow H2S-releasing donor), HA-ADT showed stronger inhibitory effect on the proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell cycle of human HCC cells. HA-ADT promoted apoptosis by suppressing the expressions of phospho (p)-protein kinase B (PKB/AKT), p-glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), p-β-catenin, and also inhibited autophagy via the downregulation of the protein levels of p-Smad2, p-Smad3, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in human HCC cells. Moreover, HA-ADT inhibited HCC xenograft tumor growth more effectively than both NaHS and GYY4137. Therefore, HA-ADT can suppress the growth of HCC cells by blocking the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin and TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathways. HA-ADT and its derivatives may be developed as promising antitumor drugs.
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Bourrie BCT, Forgie AJ, Ju T, Richard C, Cotter PD, Willing BP. Consumption of the cell-free or heat-treated fractions of a pitched kefir confers some but not all positive impacts of the corresponding whole kefir. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1056526. [PMID: 36504827 PMCID: PMC9730713 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1056526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Kefir consumption can have many metabolic health benefits, including, in the case of specific kefirs, improvements in plasma and liver lipid profiles. Our group has previously shown that these health benefits are dependent on the microbial composition of the kefir fermentation, and that a pitched kefir (PK1) containing specific traditional microbes can recapitulate the health benefits of a traditional kefir. In this study we investigated how different preparations of kefir impact cholesterol and lipid metabolism and circulating markers of cardiovascular disease risk and determine if freeze-drying impacts health benefits relative to past studies. Materials and methods Eight-week-old male and female C57Bl/6 mice were fed a high fat diet (40% kcal from fat) supplemented with one of 3 freeze-dried kefir preparations (whole kefir, cell-free kefir, or heat-treated kefir) for 8 weeks prior to analysis of plasma and liver lipid profiles, circulating cardiovascular disease (CVD) biomarkers, cecal microbiome composition, and cecal short-chain fatty acid levels. These groups of mice were compared to others that were fed a control low-fat diet, control high fat diet or high fat diet supplemented with milk, respectively. Results All kefir preparations lowered plasma cholesterol in both male and female mice, while only whole kefir lowered liver cholesterol and triglycerides. Plasma vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) was lowered by both whole kefir and heat-treated kefir in male mice but not females, while c-reactive protein (CRP) was unchanged across all high fat diet fed groups in males and females. Conclusion These results indicate that some of the metabolic benefits of consumption of this kefir do not require whole kefir while also indicating that there are multiple compounds or components responsible for the different benefits observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C. T. Bourrie
- Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, Agriculture/Forestry Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Forgie
- Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, Agriculture/Forestry Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Tingting Ju
- Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, Agriculture/Forestry Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Caroline Richard
- Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, Agriculture/Forestry Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Paul D. Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland,APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland,VistaMilk, Cork, Ireland
| | - Benjamin P. Willing
- Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, Agriculture/Forestry Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,*Correspondence: Benjamin P. Willing,
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Rusu I, Pirlog R, Chiroi P, Nutu A, Puia VR, Fetti AC, Rusu DR, Berindan-Neagoe I, Al Hajjar N. The Implications of Noncoding RNAs in the Evolution and Progression of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)-Related HCC. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12370. [PMID: 36293225 PMCID: PMC9603983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver pathology worldwide. Meanwhile, liver cancer represents the sixth most common malignancy, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as the primary, most prevalent subtype. Due to the rising incidence of metabolic disorders, NAFLD has become one of the main contributing factors to HCC development. However, although NAFLD might account for about a fourth of HCC cases, there is currently a significant gap in HCC surveillance protocols regarding noncirrhotic NAFLD patients, so the majority of NAFLD-related HCC cases were diagnosed in late stages when survival chances are minimal. However, in the past decade, the focus in cancer genomics has shifted towards the noncoding part of the genome, especially on the microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which have proved to be involved in the regulation of several malignant processes. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding some of the main dysregulated, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and their implications for NAFLD and HCC development. A central focus of the review is on miRNA and lncRNAs that can influence the progression of NAFLD towards HCC and how they can be used as potential screening tools and future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Rusu
- Department of Pathology, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 3rd Department of General Surgery, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400186 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu Pirlog
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Paul Chiroi
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Nutu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vlad Radu Puia
- 3rd Department of General Surgery, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400186 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Surgery, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alin Cornel Fetti
- 3rd Department of General Surgery, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400186 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Surgery, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniel Radu Rusu
- Department of Pathology, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nadim Al Hajjar
- 3rd Department of General Surgery, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400186 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Surgery, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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7
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Daptomycin-Biomineralized Silver Nanoparticles for Enhanced Photothermal Therapy with Anti-Tumor Effect. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142787. [PMID: 35890563 PMCID: PMC9322905 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles as photothermal agents have the problems of low stability and low photothermal conversion efficiency. Amphiphilic daptomycin can improve the stability of silver nanoparticles, thereby improving their photothermal conversion efficiency. Herein, daptomycin-biomineralized silver nanoparticles (Dap-AgNPs) were prepared by reducing silver nitrate with sodium borohydride in the presence of daptomycin as a stabilizer and biomineralizer. The Dap-AgNPs had good solution stability and peroxidase-like activity. Furthermore, the photothermal conversion efficiency of the Dap-AgNPs was as high as 36.8%. The Dap-AgNPs displayed good photothermal stability under irradiation. More importantly, the Dap-AgNPs showed good cell compatibility with HeLa cells and HT-29 cells without irradiation by 808-nanometer near-infrared light at a concentration of 0.5 mM, and the cell viability was greater than 85.0%. However, the Dap-AgNPs displayed significant anti-tumor ability with irradiation by 808-nanometer near-infrared light, which was due to the increasing temperature of the culture medium caused by the Dap-AgNPs. In conclusion, Dap-AgNPs have potential applications as photothermal agents in the treatment of tumors.
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8
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Banihashem SY, Shishehchi S. Ontology-Based decision tree model for prediction of fatty liver diseases. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2022; 26:639-649. [PMID: 35635206 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2022.2081502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Non-Alcohol Fatty liver disease is a common clinical complication. The paper aimed to develop a knowledge-based fatty liver detection system based on an ontology and detection rules extracted from a decision tree algorithm. Ontology is created to represent knowledge related to patients and fatty liver disease. By utilizing 43 SWRL rules and the Drool inference engine in ontology, we detected fatty liver patients. The training dataset size is 70% of clean data, including 580 electronic medical records of patients who suffer from liver diseases. After inferencing the rules, the number of patients who suffer from fatty liver disease in ontology is the same as the decision tree model. The paper validated the result generated by the ontology model through the results of the decision tree model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Yashar Banihashem
- Department Electrical and Computer Engineering, Buein Zahra Technical University, Buein Zahra, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Saman Shishehchi
- Department Electrical and Computer Engineering, Buein Zahra Technical University, Buein Zahra, Qazvin, Iran
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9
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Nguyen L, Jager M, Lieshout R, de Ruiter PE, Locati MD, Besselink N, van der Roest B, Janssen R, Boymans S, de Jonge J, IJzermans JNM, Doukas M, Verstegen MMA, van Boxtel R, van der Laan LJW, Cuppen E, Kuijk E. Precancerous liver diseases do not cause increased mutagenesis in liver stem cells. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1301. [PMID: 34795391 PMCID: PMC8602268 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02839-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory liver disease increases the risk of developing primary liver cancer. The mechanism through which liver disease induces tumorigenesis remains unclear, but is thought to occur via increased mutagenesis. Here, we performed whole-genome sequencing on clonally expanded single liver stem cells cultured as intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids (ICOs) from patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Surprisingly, we find that these precancerous liver disease conditions do not result in a detectable increased accumulation of mutations, nor altered mutation types in individual liver stem cells. This finding contrasts with the mutational load and typical mutational signatures reported for liver tumors, and argues against the hypothesis that liver disease drives tumorigenesis via a direct mechanism of induced mutagenesis. Disease conditions in the liver may thus act through indirect mechanisms to drive the transition from healthy to cancerous cells, such as changes to the microenvironment that favor the outgrowth of precancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan Nguyen
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Myrthe Jager
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Mauro D Locati
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolle Besselink
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan van der Roest
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Janssen
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Boymans
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Edwin Cuppen
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Hartwig Medical Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ewart Kuijk
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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10
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Canup BSB, Song H, Laroui H. Role of CD98 in liver disease. Ann Hepatol 2021; 19:602-607. [PMID: 32057700 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2019.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CD98 is a multifunctional glycoprotein that is involved in various biological processes such as amino acid transport, cell adhesion, diffusion, adhesion, and proliferation. The role of CD98 in liver disease has not thoroughly been examined and is limited reports in the literature. Among these reports, direct association for CD98 in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been reported. Our lab has reported that targeting CD98 in high fat diet mice reduced steatosis and inflammation in NAFLD. Other reports associate CD98 in HCC due in part to the role of CD98 in activating integrin signaling. Herein, we present CD98 staining on liver biopsies from NAFLD, chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis, and 3 stages of HCC to demonstrate the upregulation of CD98 expression throughout liver disease progression. In addition, we analyze current literature to elucidate roles and potential roles of CD98 with each stage of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon S B Canup
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 145 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Heliang Song
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 145 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hamed Laroui
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 145 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 145 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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11
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Chen T, Huang B, Pan Y. Long Non-coding RNA MAFG-AS1 Promotes Cell Proliferation, Migration, and EMT by miR-3196/STRN4 in Drug-Resistant Cells of Liver Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:688603. [PMID: 34386494 PMCID: PMC8353155 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.688603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to participate in the development and progression of several different types of cancer. Past studies indicated that lncRNA MAFG-antisense 1 (AS1) promotes colorectal cancer. However, the role of MAFG-AS1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of lncRNA MAFG-AS1 on drug resistance HCC. The results indicated that MAFG-AS1 is upregulated in drug-resistant cells. Further, MAFG-AS1 promotes growth and migration of HCC by upregulating STRN4 through absorbing miR-3196. Thus, LncRNA MAFA-AS1 may become a novel target to treat HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Chen
- Department of Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Huang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaozhen Pan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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12
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Eldafashi N, Darlay R, Shukla R, McCain MV, Watson R, Liu YL, McStraw N, Fathy M, Fawzy MA, Zaki MYW, Daly AK, Maurício JP, Burt AD, Haugk B, Cordell HJ, Bianco C, Dufour JF, Valenti L, Anstee QM, Reeves HL. A PDCD1 Role in the Genetic Predisposition to NAFLD-HCC? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1412. [PMID: 33808740 PMCID: PMC8003582 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are contributing to the global rise in deaths from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The pathogenesis of NAFLD-HCC is not well understood. The severity of hepatic steatosis, steatohepatitis and fibrosis are key pathogenic mechanisms, but animal studies suggest altered immune responses are also involved. Genetic studies have so far highlighted a major role of gene variants promoting fat deposition in the liver (PNPLA3 rs738409; TM6SF2 rs58542926). Here, we have considered single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate immunoregulatory genes (MICA rs2596542; CD44 rs187115; PDCD1 rs7421861 and rs10204525), in 594 patients with NAFLD and 391 with NAFLD-HCC, from three European centres. Associations between age, body mass index, diabetes, cirrhosis and SNPs with HCC development were explored. PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 SNPs were associated with both progression to cirrhosis and NAFLD-HCC development, while PDCD1 SNPs were specifically associated with NAFLD-HCC risk, regardless of cirrhosis. PDCD1 rs7421861 was independently associated with NAFLD-HCC development, while PDCD1 rs10204525 acquired significance after adjusting for other risks, being most notable in the smaller numbers of women with NAFLD-HCC. The study highlights the potential impact of inter individual variation in immune tolerance induction in patients with NAFLD, both in the presence and absence of cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nardeen Eldafashi
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (N.E.); (M.V.M.); (R.W.); (Y.L.L.); (M.Y.W.Z.); (A.K.D.); (J.P.M.); (A.D.B.); (Q.M.A.)
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt; (M.F.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Rebecca Darlay
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; (R.D.); (H.J.C.)
| | - Ruchi Shukla
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (R.S.); (N.M.)
| | - Misti Vanette McCain
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (N.E.); (M.V.M.); (R.W.); (Y.L.L.); (M.Y.W.Z.); (A.K.D.); (J.P.M.); (A.D.B.); (Q.M.A.)
| | - Robyn Watson
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (N.E.); (M.V.M.); (R.W.); (Y.L.L.); (M.Y.W.Z.); (A.K.D.); (J.P.M.); (A.D.B.); (Q.M.A.)
| | - Yang Lin Liu
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (N.E.); (M.V.M.); (R.W.); (Y.L.L.); (M.Y.W.Z.); (A.K.D.); (J.P.M.); (A.D.B.); (Q.M.A.)
| | - Nikki McStraw
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (R.S.); (N.M.)
| | - Moustafa Fathy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt; (M.F.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Michael Atef Fawzy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt; (M.F.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Marco Y. W. Zaki
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (N.E.); (M.V.M.); (R.W.); (Y.L.L.); (M.Y.W.Z.); (A.K.D.); (J.P.M.); (A.D.B.); (Q.M.A.)
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt; (M.F.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Ann K. Daly
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (N.E.); (M.V.M.); (R.W.); (Y.L.L.); (M.Y.W.Z.); (A.K.D.); (J.P.M.); (A.D.B.); (Q.M.A.)
| | - João P. Maurício
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (N.E.); (M.V.M.); (R.W.); (Y.L.L.); (M.Y.W.Z.); (A.K.D.); (J.P.M.); (A.D.B.); (Q.M.A.)
| | - Alastair D. Burt
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (N.E.); (M.V.M.); (R.W.); (Y.L.L.); (M.Y.W.Z.); (A.K.D.); (J.P.M.); (A.D.B.); (Q.M.A.)
| | - Beate Haugk
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle NE1 4LP, UK;
| | - Heather J. Cordell
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; (R.D.); (H.J.C.)
| | - Cristiana Bianco
- Translational Medicine, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (C.B.); (L.V.)
| | - Jean-François Dufour
- University Clinic for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University Hospital of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Hepatology, Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luca Valenti
- Translational Medicine, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (C.B.); (L.V.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Quentin M. Anstee
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (N.E.); (M.V.M.); (R.W.); (Y.L.L.); (M.Y.W.Z.); (A.K.D.); (J.P.M.); (A.D.B.); (Q.M.A.)
- The Liver Unit, Freeman Hospital, Freeman Road, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Heaton NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Helen L. Reeves
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (N.E.); (M.V.M.); (R.W.); (Y.L.L.); (M.Y.W.Z.); (A.K.D.); (J.P.M.); (A.D.B.); (Q.M.A.)
- The Liver Unit, Freeman Hospital, Freeman Road, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Heaton NE7 7DN, UK
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13
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Geh D, Manas DM, Reeves HL. Hepatocellular carcinoma in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-a review of an emerging challenge facing clinicians. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2021; 10:59-75. [PMID: 33575290 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn.2019.08.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a rapidly growing cause of chronic liver disease and is becoming a leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in many developed countries. This presents major challenges for the surveillance, diagnosis and treatment of HCC. Objective To discuss the clinical challenges faced by clinicians in managing the rising number of NAFLD-HCC cases. Evidence Review MEDLINE, PubMed and Embase databases were searched using the keywords; NAFLD, HCC, surveillance, hepatectomy, liver transplantation, percutaneous ablation, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), selective internal radiotherapy treatment (SIRT) and sorafenib. Relevant clinical studies were included. Findings Current HCC surveillance programmes are inadequate because they only screen for HCC in patients with cirrhosis, whereas in NAFLD a significant proportion of HCC develops in the absence of cirrhosis. Consequently NAFLD patients often present with a more advanced stage of HCC, with a poorer prognosis. NAFLD-HCC patients also tend to be older and to have more co-morbidities compared to HCC of other etiologies. This limits the use of curative treatments such as liver resection and orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Evidence suggests that although NAFLD-HCC patients who undergo liver resection or OLT have worse perioperative and short-term outcomes, overall long-term survival is comparable to HCC of other etiologies. This highlights the importance of careful patient selection, pre-habilitation and perioperative planning for NAFLD-HCC patients being considered for surgical treatment. Careful consideration is also important for non-surgical treatments, although the evidence supporting treatment selection is frequently lacking, as these patients tend to be poorly represented in clinical trials. Locoregional therapies such as percutaneous ablation and TACE may be less well tolerated and less effective in NAFLD patients with obesity or diabetes. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib may also be less effective. Conclusions and Relevance This review highlights how international guidelines, for which NAFLD traditionally has made up a small part of the evidence base, may not be appropriate for all NAFLD-HCC patients. Future guidelines need to reflect the changing landscape of HCC, by making specific recommendations for the management of NAFLD-HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Geh
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Derek M Manas
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Hepatopancreatobiliary Multidisciplinary Team, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Helen L Reeves
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Hepatopancreatobiliary Multidisciplinary Team, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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14
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Kawata N, Takahashi H, Iwane S, Inoue K, Kojima M, Kohno M, Tanaka K, Mori H, Isoda H, Oeda S, Matsuda Y, Egashira Y, Nojiri J, Irie H, Eguchi Y, Anzai K. FIB-4 index-based surveillance for advanced liver fibrosis in diabetes patients. Diabetol Int 2021; 12:118-125. [PMID: 33479587 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-020-00453-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is associated with lifestyle-related diseases, including diabetes. The identification of diabetic patients with severe liver fibrosis is important, but a simple and reliable diagnostic procedure remains to be determined. We conducted an observational study to evaluate the performance of a FIB-4 index-based screening strategy for the diagnosis of advanced liver fibrosis in patients with diabetes or prediabetes. Two hundred and forty-two patients underwent abdominal imaging in our Study. According to the abdominal imaging findings, fatty liver, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma were defined, and their association with FIB-4 index evaluated. The prevalences of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with a high (≥ 2.67; liver cirrhosis: 42.9%, hepatocellular carcinoma: 14.3%) FIB-4 index were significantly higher than in those with an intermediate (1.3 ≤ FIB-4 < 2.67; liver cirrhosis: 1.6%, hepatocellular carcinoma: 0.8%) or low FIB-4 index (< 1.3; liver cirrhosis: 1.2%, hepatocellular carcinoma: 0%). The diagnostic accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of the FIB-4 index for the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma were 84.3%, 85.5%, and 89.3%, respectively, with an optimized cut-off value of 2.96 (sensitivity = 0.86, specificity = 0.98). Using an optimized cut-off value, FIB-4 index might be useful to identify liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma in diabetes patients with high diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Kawata
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, Saga Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, Saga Japan
| | | | - Kanako Inoue
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, Saga Japan
| | - Motoyasu Kojima
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, Saga Japan
| | - Michiko Kohno
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, Saga Japan
| | - Kenichi Tanaka
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, Saga Japan
| | - Hitoe Mori
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, Saga Japan
| | | | | | - Yayoi Matsuda
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, Saga Japan.,Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Egashira
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Jyunichi Nojiri
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Irie
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | | | - Keizo Anzai
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, Saga Japan
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15
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Mahmoudi L, Asadi S, Al-Mousavi Z, Niknam R. A randomized controlled clinical trial comparing calcitriol versus cholecalciferol supplementation to reduce insulin resistance in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:2999-3005. [PMID: 33341312 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the world with no definite treatment. Insulin resistance (IR) and low serum vitamin D are closely linked to NAFLD. Since there is no comparative study on the effect of calcitriol with cholecalciferol on NAFLD based on homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) as an IR indicator, so we designed this research. METHODS A double blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on patients with NAFLD with concomitant vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency at two referral tertiary teaching medical centers, from July 2017 to January 2019. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: calcitriol (1 mcg/day) and cholecalciferol (50,000 IU/week) for 8 weeks. Before and after the intervention, anthropometric and laboratory data were measured and HOMA-IR was calculated for each patient. RESULTS 54 patients completed the trial. In total, calcitriol supplementation improved serum insulin levels as well as IR based on the HOMA-IR index, significantly compared to the cholecalciferol group. HOMA-IR decreased 1.8 times more in patients receiving calcitriol than in those receiving cholecalciferol, which was clinically meaningful. The observed changes were more pronounced in patients with higher baseline body mass index. Moreover, calcitriol was more associated with a significant decrease in liver enzymes and cholesterol levels comparing to cholecalciferol. CONCLUSION Based on the findings of this study, the use of calcitriol supplementation significantly reduced HOMA-IR as an IR indicator in NAFLD patients, compared to cholecalciferol. To confirm this findings, further studies with larger sample sizes are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Mahmoudi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Asadi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Al-Mousavi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ramin Niknam
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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16
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Kefir microbial composition is a deciding factor in the physiological impact of kefir in a mouse model of obesity. Br J Nutr 2020; 125:129-138. [PMID: 32684173 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520002743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Kefir consumption has been demonstrated to improve lipid and cholesterol metabolism; however, our previous study identified that benefits vary between different commercial and traditional kefir. Here, we investigate the ability of pitched culture kefir, that is, kefir produced by a small number of specific strains, to recapitulate health benefits of a traditional kefir, in a diet-induced obesity mouse model, and examine how microbial composition of kefir impacts these benefits. Eight-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet (40 % energy from fat) supplemented with one of five kefir varieties (traditional, pitched, pitched with no Lactobacillus, pitched with no yeast and commercial control) at 2 ml in 20 g of food for 8 weeks prior to analysis of plasma and liver lipid profiles, and liver gene expression profiles related to lipid metabolism. Both traditional and pitched kefir lowered plasma cholesterol by about 35 % (P = 0·0005) and liver TAG by about 55 % (P = 0·0001) when compared with commercial kefir despite no difference in body weight. Furthermore, pitched kefir produced without either yeast or Lactobacillus did not lower cholesterol. The traditional and pitched kefir with the full complement of microbes were able to impart corresponding decreases in the expression of the cholesterol and lipid metabolism genes encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, PPARγ and CD36 in the liver. These results demonstrate that traditional kefir organisms can successfully be utilised in a commercial process, while highlighting the importance of microbial interactions during fermentation in the ability of fermented foods to benefit host health.
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17
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Zhu CY, Qu JC, Cao HX, Chen GY, Shi YH, Fan JG. Obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease associated with adenocarcinoma in patients with lung cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17098. [PMID: 31517837 PMCID: PMC6750340 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has become the leading cause of cancer-related deaths around the world. In addition to genetic risk factors and smoking, the metabolic risk factors remain to be elusive.To evaluate the associations between obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and pulmonary adenocarcinoma in patients with lung cancer.Consecutive operation-proven lung cancer patients with assessment of metabolic disorders and liver ultrasound in 2009 and 2013 were retrospectively enrolled. T-test and multivariate logistic regression were applied to evaluate the contribution of individual factors to lung adenocarcinoma, as well as the synergistic effects between these factors.Among 3664 lung cancer patients with ultrasound examination, 2844 cases were enrolled for further analysis. Of them, 1053 (37.0%) were females, 1242 (43.7%) were cigarette smokers, 1658 (58.3%) were diagnosed as lung adenocarcinoma, 744 (26.2%) had obesity, and 614 (21.6%) had NAFLD. Proportion of female gender, nonsmoker, obesity, NAFLD, and serum lipid levels in patients with adenocarcinoma were significantly higher than those in other subtypes of lung cancer, and in 2013 than in 2009 (all P < .01). NAFLD and obesity were shown as independent factors and positively associated with pulmonary adenocarcinoma, along with female gender and nonsmoking, higher serum levels of cholesterol. NAFLD and other contributing factors exhibited no synergistic effects on adenocarcinoma.Obesity and NAFLD might increase the risk for pulmonary adenocarcinoma, especially in nonsmoking females, and underscore the need for further study into carcinogenic mechanisms and preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Yan Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University
| | - Ji-Chen Qu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tong Ji University School of Medicine
| | - Hai-Xia Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Guang-Yu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Yi-Hai Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University
| | - Jian-Gao Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
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18
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Zhao L, Cao J, Hu K, Wang P, Li G, He X, Tong T, Han L. RNA-binding protein RPS3 contributes to hepatocarcinogenesis by post-transcriptionally up-regulating SIRT1. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:2011-2028. [PMID: 30517713 PMCID: PMC6393244 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several studies indicate that RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) contribute to key steps in a variety of physiological processes and cancer, the detailed biological functions and mechanisms remain to be determined. By performing bioinformatics analysis using well-established hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) datasets, we identified a set of HCC progression-associated RBPs (HPARBPs) and found that the global expression of HPARBPs was significantly correlated with patient prognosis. Among the 42 HPARBPs, human ribosomal protein S3 (RPS3) was one of the most abundant genes whose role remains uncharacterized in HCC. Gain- and loss-of-function analyses demonstrated that RPS3 promoted HCC tumorigenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we revealed that silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) was a critical target of RPS3 and was essential for sustaining the RPS3-induced malignant phenotypes of HCC cells. RPS3 stabilized SIRT1 mRNA by binding to AUUUA motifs in the 3448–3530 region of the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of SIRT1 mRNA. In addition, we found that (5-formylfuran-2-yl) methyl 4-hydroxy-2-methylenebutanoate (FMHM) inhibited HCC progression by repressing the RPS3/SIRT1 pathway. Our study unveils a novel extra-ribosomal role of RPS3 in facilitating hepatocarcinogenesis via the post-transcriptional regulation of SIRT1 expression and proposes that the RPS3/SIRT1 pathway serves as a potential therapeutic target in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhao
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhong Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Kexin Hu
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Penghui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Guodong Li
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong He
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Tanjun Tong
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Limin Han
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
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Han S, Han B, Li Z, Sun D. Downregulation of long noncoding RNA CRNDE suppresses drug resistance of liver cancer cells by increasing microRNA-33a expression and decreasing HMGA2 expression. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:2524-2537. [PMID: 31416393 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1652035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, some researches have revealed the participation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in liver cancer, but few of them have mentioned the role of CRNDE in drug resistance of liver cancer. Hence, this study is conducted to understand the role of CRNDE on liver cancer by regulating microRNA-33a (miR-33a) and high mobility group protein A2 (HMGA2) in liver cancer. First, drug-resistance model (HepG2 and BEL-7402) of human liver cancer cells was established. Then, CRNDE expression in drug-resistant cell lines (HepG2/adriamycin [ADM], BEL-7402/ADM) and parental cell lines (HepG2, BEL-7402) was detected. Furthermore, HepG2/ADM and BEL-7402/ADM cell lines with poor CRNDE expression or miR-33a overexpression was constructed. Next, drug-resistance index was calculated, and cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were detected, respectively. Then, the growth of tumor was observed in nude mice. Finally, the binding relationship between CRNDE and miR-33a and the targeting relationship between miR-33a and HMGA2 were verified. LncRNA CRNDE expressed highly in drug-resistant cells of liver cancer. Downregulated CRNDE and upregulated miR-33a-inhibited cells drug-resistance and promoted their apoptosis in liver cancer drug-resistant cells. CRNDE adsorbing and inhibiting miR-33a to promote HMGA2 in liver cancer drug-resistant cells by acting as a ceRNA. Silencing CRNDE or up-regulating miR-33a inhibited tumor growth of liver cancer in vivo. Our study provides evidence that downregulated CRNDE could upregulate miR-33a and inhibit HMGA2 expression, thus significantly promotes apoptosis of liver cancer cells and inhibiting its proliferation, migration, invasion and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukun Han
- Genneral Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , PR, China
| | - Bing Han
- Digestive System Department, Liaoyang Central Hospital , Liaoyang , PR, China
| | - Zhongmin Li
- Genneral Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , PR, China
| | - Du Sun
- Genneral Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , PR, China
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20
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Liu Z, Mao X, Jiang Y, Cai N, Jin L, Zhang T, Chen X. Changing trends in the disease burden of primary liver cancer caused by specific etiologies in China. Cancer Med 2019; 8:5787-5799. [PMID: 31385465 PMCID: PMC6745850 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liver cancer is a commonly diagnosed malignancy in China. The etiologies of liver cancer are widely known, although studies on temporal trends in liver cancer caused by specific etiologies are rare. Methods Data on the incidence and mortality of liver cancer were retrieved from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2017. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was used to quantify temporal trends in the age‐standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and the age‐standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of liver cancer from 1990 to 2017. Results Nationwide, the number of incident cases of liver cancer increased from 258 000 in 1990 to 515 900 in 2017. The ASIR decreased from 27.16 per 100 000 to 26.04 per 100 000 during this period, with an EAPC of −0.64 (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.84, −0.44). The number of deaths increased from 245 300 in 1990 to 418 200 in 2017, and the ASMR decreased from 26.72 to 21.30 (EAPC = −1.16, 95% CI −1.35, −0.97). The most pronounced decreases in the ASIR and ASMR were observed in liver cancer due to hepatitis B and in people aged 15‐49 years. Conclusions Since the extensive efforts for prevention of hepatitis B virus infection, the incidence of liver cancer due to hepatitis B has significantly decreased. However, liver cancer due to hepatitis C, NASH, and other causes remains a major public health concern. Additional preventive strategies tailored to liver cancer are needed to further reduce its disease burden in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
| | - Xianhua Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
| | - Yanfeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China
| | - Ning Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Department of Epidemiology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China.,Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Department of Epidemiology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingdong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China.,Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Fc gamma RIIb expression levels in human liver sinusoidal endothelial cells during progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211543. [PMID: 30695042 PMCID: PMC6350999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) play a pivotal role in hepatic function and homeostasis. LSEC dysfunction has been recognized to be closely involved in various liver diseases, including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but not much is known about the fate of the scavenger receptors in LSECs during NASH. Fc gamma receptor IIb (FcγRIIb), known as a scavenger receptor, contributes to receptor-mediated endocytosis and immune complexes clearance. In this study, to elucidate the fate of FcγRIIb in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), we examined FcγRIIb levels in NAFLD biopsy specimens by immunohistochemistry, and investigated their correlation with the exacerbation of biological indexes and clinicopathological scores of NASH. The FcγRIIb expression levels indicated significant negative correlations with serum levels of blood lipids (triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol), type 4 collagen and hyaluronic acid, which are involved in hepatic lipid metabolism disorder, fibrosis, and inflammation, respectively. However, there was no significant difference of FcγRIIb expression levels among the pathological grades of NAFLD. During NAFLD progression, inflammation and fibrosis may influence the expression of FcγRIIb and their scavenger functions to maintain hepatic homeostasis.
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22
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Zeng W, Wang F, Ma Y, Liang X, Chen P. Dysfunctional Mechanism of Liver Cancer Mediated by Transcription Factor and Non-coding RNA. Curr Bioinform 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1574893614666181119121916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background:There have been numerous experiments and studies on liver cancer by biomedical scientists, while no comprehensive and systematic exploration has yet been conducted. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically dissect the transcriptional and non-coding RNAmediated mechanisms of liver cancer dysfunction.Method:At first, we collected 974 liver cancer associated genes from the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM). Afterwards, their interactors were recruited from STRING database so as to identify 18 co-expression modules in liver cancer patient expression profile. Crosstalk analysis showed the interactive relationship between these modules. In addition, core drivers for modules were identified, including 111 transcription factors (STAT3, JUN and NFKB1, etc.) and 1492 ncRNAs (FENDRR and miR-340-5p, etc.).Results:In view of the results of enrichment, we found that these core drivers were significantly involved in Notch signaling, Wnt / β-catenin pathways, cell proliferation, apoptosis-related functions and pathways, suggesting they can affect the development of liver cancer. Furthermore, a global effect on bio-network associated with liver cancer has been integrated from the ncRNA and TF pivot network, module crosstalk network, module-function/pathways network. It involves various development and progression of cancer.Conclusion:Overall, our analysis further suggests that comprehensive network analysis will help us to not only understand in depth the molecular mechanisms, but also reveal the influence of related gene dysfunctional modules on the occurrence and progression of liver cancer. It provides a valuable reference for the design of liver cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Daping Hospital & Institute of Surgery Research, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Daping Hospital & Institute of Surgery Research, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Daping Hospital & Institute of Surgery Research, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xianchun Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Daping Hospital & Institute of Surgery Research, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Daping Hospital & Institute of Surgery Research, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400030, China
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23
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Abstract
The autophagy pathway in hepatocytes is well characterized. Autophagy plays a critical role in the normal function of the liver. A growing number of studies suggest that there is a mechanistic relationship between autophagy and the pathogenesis of human diseases including liver diseases. Here we focus on the methods assessing the level of lipids, lipid peroxidation, and lipophagy in the liver, which would be particularly relevant to the study of fatty liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazmul Huda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hui Zou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengmin Yan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Bilon Khambu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Yin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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24
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Zhang X, Wang S, Hu L, Wang J, Liu Y, Shi P. Gemfibrozil reduces lipid accumulation in SMMC-7721 cells via the involvement of PPARα and SREBP1. Exp Ther Med 2018; 17:1282-1289. [PMID: 30680004 PMCID: PMC6327679 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.7046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gemfibrozil (GEM) is a member of the fibrate class of lipid-lowering pharmaceuticals and has been widely used in the therapy of different forms of hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease and is becoming an important public health concern worldwide. However, there is little knowledge about the effects of GEM on NAFLD. In the present study, oleate-treated human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells were utilized to investigate the role of GEM in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism. The present results demonstrated that GEM attenuated excessive intracellular triglyceride content in the steatosis model. Upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) protein and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) was detected following treatment with GEM. Additionally, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that GEM increased the downstream genes related to PPARα and SREBP1, including carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2, acyl-coA oxidase 1, hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, LIPIN1 and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1. These findings demonstrated that GEM alleviated hepatic steatosis via the involvement of the PPARα and SREBP1 signaling pathways, which enhances lipid oxidation and interferes with lipid synthesis and secretion. Taken together, the data provide direct evidence that GEM may lower lipid accumulation in hepatocellular steatosis cells in vitro and that it may have a potential therapeutic use for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Yajing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Ping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
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25
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Nikolova-Karakashian M. Alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Focus on ceramide. Adv Biol Regul 2018; 70:40-50. [PMID: 30455063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are class of metabolically distinct lipids that play structural and signaling functions in all organisms. Sphingolipid metabolism is deregulated during various diseases such as cancer, neurological and immune disorders, and metabolic syndrome. With the advancement of sphingo-lipidomics and sphingo-genomics, an understanding of the specific roles of ceramide, the quintessential bioactive sphingolipid, in fatty liver disease has taken shape. Two major pathways for ceramide generation, the de novo pathway and the sphingomyelinase pathway are activated in the course of both, the non-alcoholic and the alcoholic, forms of fatty liver disease. The mechanisms of activation of these two pathways are distinct and reflect the different disease etiology in each case; at the same time, common processes impacted by the resulting ceramide overproduction involve lipotoxocity, ER/mitochondrial stress, inflammation, and de-regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism. Studies in human patients and animal models have delineated specific enzymes and ceramide species that are involved at the different stages of the disease, and represent novel pharmaceutical targets for successful management of fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Nikolova-Karakashian
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 800 Rose Str., MS 508, Lexington, KY, 40536, United States.
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26
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Altered hepatic genes related to retinol metabolism and plasma retinol in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205747. [PMID: 30379862 PMCID: PMC6209208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), especially non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a chronic liver disease commonly associated with hepatic fibrosis. NASH patients have an increased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). An altered retinol metabolism is one of the pathways involved in the process of hepatic fibrosis, and enzymes involved in retinol metabolism have been associated with HCC. We aimed to determine the association between plasma retinol levels and hepatic expression of genes related to retinol metabolism, as well as to assess the hepatic expression of transcription factors regulated by retinoic acid in patients with NAFLD. Cross-sectional study where hepatic gene expression (Illumina microarray) and plasma retinol levels (HPLC) were measured in 17 patients with simple steatosis (SS), 15 with NASH, and 22 living liver donors (LD) as controls. Plasma retinol levels were higher in SS (1.53 ± 0.44 μmol/L) and NASH (1.51 ± 0.56 μmol/L) compared to LD (1.21 ± 0.38 μmol/L; p<0.05). AKR1B10 was highly overexpressed in NASH compared to SS (+6.2-fold) and LD (+9.9-fold; p = 4.89E-11). Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A2 (ALDH1A2) and retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A3 (ALDH1A3), key enzymes for retinoic acid synthesis, were underexpressed in SS (-1.48 and -2.3-fold, respectively) and NASH (-1.47 and -2.6-fold, respectively) versus LD. In NASH, hepatic ALDH1A2 and ALDH1A3 were underexpressed and inversely correlated with plasma retinol levels, which may reduce retinoic acid in the liver. This, in addition to changes in expression of other genes involved in retinol metabolism, suggests a role for altered retinol homeostasis in NASH.
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27
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Hu YY, Dong NL, Qu Q, Zhao XF, Yang HJ. The correlation between controlled attenuation parameter and metabolic syndrome and its components in middle-aged and elderly nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12931. [PMID: 30412101 PMCID: PMC6221645 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the correlation between controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in middle-aged and elderly nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients.Middle-aged and elderly patients with NAFLD, who visited our hospital from June 2016 to May 2017, were enrolled as study subjects, whereas middle-aged and elderly patients without liver disease were enrolled as controls in the same period. The prevalence of MetS, MetS components, and the different numbers of MetS components were compared among patients with different CAP values.As the CAP value increased, the prevalence of MetS, MetS components, and the different numbers of MetS components significantly increased. The CAP value was positively correlated with the prevalence of MetS, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, and the number of MetS components, and was negatively correlated with the prevalence of hypo-high-density-lipoprotein cholesterolemia.CAP values are closely correlated to MetS and its components in middle-aged and elder NAFLD patients. CAP may be an indicator of risk of MetS and the severity of metabolic disorders in middle-aged and elderly NAFLD patients.
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Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a group of liver disorders encompassing simple hepatic steatosis and its more aggressive forms of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. It is a rapidly growing health concern and the major cause for the increasing incidence of primary liver tumors. Unequivocal evidence shows that sphingolipid metabolism is altered in the course of the disease and these changes might contribute to NAFLD progression. Recent data provide solid support to the notion that deregulated ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate metabolism are present at all stages of NAFLD, i.e., steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, advanced fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Insulin sensitivity, de novo lipogenesis, and the resulting lipotoxicity, fibrosis, and angiogenesis are all seemingly regulated in a manner that involves either ceramide and/or sphingosine-1-phosphate. Sphingolipids might also participate in the onset of hepatocellular senescence. The latter has been shown to contribute to the advancement of cirrhosis to HCC in the classical cases of end-stage liver disease, i.e., viral- or alcohol-induced; however, emerging evidence suggests that senescence is also involved in the pathogenicity of NAFLD possibly via changes in ceramide metabolism.
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Shibasaki Y, Horikawa M, Ikegami K, Kiuchi R, Takeda M, Hiraide T, Morita Y, Konno H, Takeuchi H, Setou M, Sakaguchi T. Stearate-to-palmitate ratio modulates endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell apoptosis in non-B non-C hepatoma cells. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:1110-1120. [PMID: 29427339 PMCID: PMC5891190 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) without viral infection, namely, NHCC, is a major public health issue worldwide. NHCC is frequently derived from non‐alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis, which exhibit dysregulated fatty acid (FA) metabolism. This raises the possibility that NHCC evolves intracellular machineries to adapt to dysregulated FA metabolism. We herein aim to identify NHCC‐specifically altered FA and key molecules to achieve the adaptation. To analyze FA, imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) was performed on 15 HCC specimens. The composition of saturated FA (SFA) in NHCC was altered from that in typical HCC. The stearate‐to‐palmitate ratio (SPR) was significantly increased in NHCC. Associated with the SPR increase, the ELOVL6 protein level was upregulated in NHCC. The knockdown of ELOVL6 reduced SPR, and enhanced endoplasmic reticulum stress, inducing apoptosis of Huh7 and HepG2 cells. In conclusion, NHCC appears to adapt to an FA‐rich environment by modulating SPR through ELOVL6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Shibasaki
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Horikawa
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.,International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Ikegami
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.,International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ryota Kiuchi
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Takeda
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takanori Hiraide
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Morita
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Konno
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroya Takeuchi
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.,International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takanori Sakaguchi
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
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Elcioglu ZC, Reeves HL. NAFLD-which patients should have hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance? Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2017; 6:353-355. [PMID: 29152488 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn.2017.06.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep C Elcioglu
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Helen L Reeves
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Li Z, Han C, Feng J. Relationship of the expression levels of XIAP and p53 genes in hepatocellular carcinoma and the prognosis of patients. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:4037-4042. [PMID: 28959363 PMCID: PMC5607648 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we measured mRNA and protein expression levels of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) and p53 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and analyzed their relationships to clinicopathological parameters and the prognosis of the patients. Samples were obtained from tumors and tumor-adjacent normal tissues from 70 patients with HCC who were hospitalized in Weifang People's Hospital from January 2009 to December 2011. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels, respectively. The clinical data of patients who were followed for 5 years from the day of the tumor-resection surgery were collected in detailed clinical histories. Statistical analyses were used to find relationships between the XIAP and p53 levels and the clinical variables and 5-year survival of patients. Our qPCR results showed that the mRNA expression levels of XIAP and p53 in HCC tumors were significantly higher than those in tumor-adjacent normal tissues. At the same time, IHC results showed that the positive expression rates of XIAP and p53 in HCC in tumors were 81.4% (57/70) and 72.9% (51/70), respectively and their high expression was related to invasion, metastasis and tumor staging. The overall 5-year survival rate of the patients was 15.7% (11/70). Single factor survival analysis showed that both XIAP and p53 were influencing factors of the overall survival rate of patients with HCC (P<0.01). In conclusion, high expression levels of XIAP and p53 are closely related to clinicopathological parameters of patients with HCC, especially related to invasion, metastasis and tumor staging. XIAP and p53 levels can be used as reference values to guide the treatment of HCC and estimate the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Chunfang Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
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Xie D, Yuan P, Wang D, Jin H, Chen H. Expression and prognostic significance of miR-375 and miR-221 in liver cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:2305-2309. [PMID: 28781668 PMCID: PMC5530117 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of miR-375 and miR-221 in liver cancer, and examine the correlations with pathological parameters and prognosis. We collected tumors and tumor-adjacent normal tissue from 70 patients with liver cancer admitted to the Department of General Surgery of Zhejiang Hospital. The expression of miR-375 by RT-qPCR was significantly lower in liver cancer tissues than that in the tumor-adjacent normal tissues, and the low expression was correlated with the lymphatic metastasis and TNM stage. By contrast, the expression of miR-221 was significantly higher in liver cancer than that in the tumor-adjacent tissues, and the high expression was correlated with the lymphatic metastasis and TNM stage. The overall 5-year survival rate of patients was 12.9% (9/70). Single-factor survival analysis revealed that miR-375 and miR-221 were the factors affecting the overall survival rate of liver cancer (P<0.05) and multivariate survival analysis by Cox proportional hazards model showed that miR-375 and miR-221 were the independent factors affecting the survival time of patients with liver cancer. Low expression of miR-375 and high expression of miR-221 are closely correlated with the occurrence and development of liver cancer, especially lymphatic metastasis and TNM stage. Thus, miR-375 and miR-221 can serve as reference biomarkers for guiding the treatment of liver cancer and for estimating prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafei Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Peiwen Yuan
- Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Hua Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
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Abstract
Obesity and related metabolic disorders have become globally prevalent posing a challenge for the chronically damaged liver and predisposing the development and progression of cancer. The rising phenomenon of "obesity epidemic" may provide means for understanding why liver cancer is one of the few malignancies with rising incidence in developed countries over the last decades. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes is an increasingly recognized trigger for liver cancer in Western populations characterized by low prevalence of established risk factors for liver cancer such as viral hepatitis and hepatotoxin exposure. Accumulating evidence has established an association between higher body mass index as an indicator of general obesity and higher risk of primary liver cancer. The associations are stronger in men, in patients with underlying liver disease and in white ethnic groups. Abdominal obesity, weight gain in adult life and metabolic factors related to visceral fat accumulation were also suggested as important risk factors for liver cancer; however, more studies are needed to evaluate these associations. The association of obesity and metabolic parameters with liver cancer survival remains controversial. It is unclear which exact mechanisms could provide links between obesity and liver cancer risk. Recent evidence has implicated several molecular pathways in obesity-associated liver cancer. These include insulin resistance leading to increased levels of insulin and insulin-like growth factors, chronic inflammation, adipose tissue remodeling, pro-inflammatory cytokine and adipokine secretion, and altered gut microbiota. These mechanisms coincide with inflammatory and metabolic processes occurring in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease predisposing cancer development and progression. In the context of the current evidence, better understanding of the role of obesity and related metabolic factors may help in improving current strategies for liver cancer prevention.
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Cioboată R, Găman A, Traşcă D, Ungureanu A, Docea AO, Tomescu P, Gherghina F, Arsene AL, Badiu C, Tsatsakis AM, Spandidos DA, Drakoulis N, Călina D. Pharmacological management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Atorvastatin versus pentoxifylline. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2375-2381. [PMID: 28565851 PMCID: PMC5443168 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of pentoxifylline and atorvastatin in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The study included 98 patients with histologically confirmed NAFLD divided into 2 groups as follows: group I (57 dyslipidemic patients, receiving atorvastatin 20 mg/day and group II (41 non-dyslipidemic patients, treated with pentoxifylline, 800 mg/day). The present study was conducted for a mean of 32.8±3.4 weeks. For all patients, we determined the body mass index, a liver biopsy was performed, and we measured the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) at the beginning and at the end of the study period. The NAFLD activity score (NAS) was used to evaluate the liver biopsies for steatosis, fibrosis and necroinflammation. The patients in group I exhibited a considerable reduction in ALT, AST, GGT, TC, AP and TG levels (P<0.0001). Histologically, there were no changes in fibrosis and necroinflammation, although the extent steatosis was reduced. The improvement in the ALT, AST and GGT values (P<0.05) in group II were similar to those in group I; however, no statistically significant decrease was noted in the levels of ALP, TC and TG in this group. Our results thus demonstrated that atorvastatin attenuated steatosis and improved liver function parameters in patients with NAFLD associated with dyslipidemia. Similar results were obtained in the non-dyslipidemic patients administered pentoxifylline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Cioboată
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova 200349, Romania
| | - Alice Găman
- Department of Bacteriology, Virology and Parasitology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova 200349, Romania
| | - Diana Traşcă
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova 200349, Romania
| | - Anca Ungureanu
- Department of Bacteriology, Virology and Parasitology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova 200349, Romania
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova 200349, Romania
| | - Paul Tomescu
- Department of Urology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova 200349, Romania
| | - Florin Gherghina
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova 200349, Romania
| | - Andreea Letitia Arsene
- Department of Microbiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 030167, Romania
| | - Corin Badiu
- Department of Endocrinology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 030167, Romania
| | | | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Drakoulis
- Resesarch Group of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Daniela Călina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova 200349, Romania
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Pesticide exposure and liver cancer: a review. Cancer Causes Control 2017; 28:177-190. [PMID: 28194594 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-017-0854-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To review the epidemiologic literature examining pesticide exposure and liver cancer incidence. METHODS A search of the MEDLINE and Embase databases was conducted in October 2015. Eligibility criteria included examining hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or primary liver cancer, pesticides as an exposure of interest, and individual-level incidence. The review was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. RESULTS Forty-eight papers were assessed for eligibility and 15 studies were included in the review. The majority of studies were conducted in China and Egypt (n = 8), used a case-control design (n = 14), and examined HCC (n = 14). Most studies showed no association between self-reported and/or occupational exposure to pesticides and liver cancer risk. Six studies demonstrated statistically significant positive associations, including three biomarker-based studies (two using pre-diagnostic sera) that reported higher serum levels of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) were associated with increased HCC risk. Studies indirectly measuring pesticide exposure using self-reported exposure, occupation, job-exposure matrices, or geographic residence demonstrated inconsistent results. These studies were limited by exposure assessment methods, lack of confounder information, minimal case confirmation, selection bias, and/or over-adjustment. CONCLUSIONS There is mixed evidence suggesting a possible association between specific pesticides and HCC risk, with the strongest evidence observed in biomarker-based studies. In particular, organochlorine pesticides, including DDT, may increase HCC risk. Future research should focus on improved pesticide exposure assessment methods, potentially incorporating multiple approaches including biomonitoring while considering the chemicals of interest, historical exposure to address latency periods, and examining specific chemicals and exposure pathways.
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Than NN, Ghazanfar A, Hodson J, Tehami N, Coldham C, Mergental H, Manas D, Shah T, Newsome PN, Reeves H, Shetty S. Comparing clinical presentations, treatments and outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma due to hepatitis C and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. QJM 2017; 110:73-81. [PMID: 27634970 PMCID: PMC5444673 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcw151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing in incidence in the UK and globally. Liver cirrhosis is the common cause for developing HCC. The common reasons for liver cirrhosis are viral hepatitis C (HCV), viral hepatitis B and alcohol. However, HCC caused by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-cirrhosis is now increasingly as a result of rising worldwide obesity. AIM : To compare the clinical presentation, treatment options and outcomes of HCC due to HCV and NAFLD patients. METHODS Data were collected from two liver transplant centres in the UK (Birmingham and Newcastle upon Tyne) between 2000 and 2014. We compared 275 patients with HCV-related HCC against 212 patients with NAFLD- related HCC. RESULTS Patients in the NAFLD group were found to be significantly older ( P < 0.001) and more likely to be Caucasian ( P < 0.001). They had lower rates of cirrhosis ( P < 0.001) than those in HCV-HCC group. The NAFLD group presented with significantly larger tumours ( P = 0.009), whilst HCV patients had a higher alpha fetoprotein ( P = 0.018). NAFLD patients were more commonly treated with TACE ( P = 0.005) than the HCV patients, whilst the HCV group were significantly more likely to be transplanted ( P < 0.001). In patients selected for liver transplantation, 5-year survival rates in NAFLD were not significantly different from HCV-HCC (44 and 56% respectively, P = 0.102). CONCLUSION In this study, NAFLD patients presented with larger tumours that were less likely to be amenable to curative therapy, as compared with HCV patients. Despite this disadvantage, patients with NAFLD had similar overall survival compared to patients with HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nwe Ni Than
- From the Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anwar Ghazanfar
- Liver Unit, Newcastle Upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - James Hodson
- From the Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Nadeem Tehami
- From the Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Chris Coldham
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hynek Mergental
- From the Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Derek Manas
- Liver Unit, Newcastle Upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Tahir Shah
- From the Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Philip N. Newsome
- From the Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Helen Reeves
- Liver Unit, Newcastle Upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Shishir Shetty
- From the Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Gu J, Yao M, Yao D, Wang L, Yang X, Yao D. Nonalcoholic Lipid Accumulation and Hepatocyte Malignant Transformation. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2016; 4:123-30. [PMID: 27350942 PMCID: PMC4913080 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2016.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is steadily increasing, highlighting its status as a public health concern, particularly due to its significant association with other comorbidities, such as diabetes. However, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as a primary risk factor, with its own prevalence increasing in recent years, and it has gradually caught up with the historical primary etiological factors of infection with hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus, exposure to aflatoxin, or alcohol liver disease. The deeply worrisome aspects of all of these high risk factors, however, are their remarkable presence within populations. Systemic and genetic mechanisms involved in the malignant transformation of liver cells, as well as useful biomarkers of early stage HCC are being investigated. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the interrelation of NAFLD and HCC remain largely unknown. In this review, some of the recent advances in our understanding of liver lipid accumulation are summarized and discussed to provide insights into the relationship between NAFLD and hepatocyte malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Gu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine and Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Yao
- Department of Immunology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dengbing Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuli Yang
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine and Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dengfu Yao
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine and Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence to: Professor Dengfu Yao, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China. Tel: +86-513-85052297, Fax: +86-513-85052554, E-mail:
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Chen S, Kang Y, Sun Y, Zhong Y, Li Y, Deng L, Tao J, Li Y, Tian Y, Zhao Y, Cheng J, Liu W, Feng GS, Lu Z. Deletion of Gab2 in mice protects against hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis: a novel therapeutic target for fatty liver disease. J Mol Cell Biol 2016; 8:492-504. [PMID: 27282405 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjw028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver disease is a serious health problem worldwide and is the most common cause for chronic liver disease and metabolic disorders. The major challenge in the prevention and intervention of this disease is the incomplete understanding of the underlying mechanism and thus lack of potent therapeutic targets due to multifaceted and interdependent disease factors. In this study, we investigated the role of a signaling adaptor protein, GRB2-associated-binding protein 2 (Gab2), in fatty liver using an animal disease model. Gab2 expression in hepatocytes responded to various disease factor stimulations, and Gab2 knockout mice exhibited resistance to fat-induced obesity, fat- or alcohol-stimulated hepatic steatosis, as well as methionine and choline deficiency-induced steatohepatitis. Concordantly, the forced expression or knockdown of Gab2 enhanced or diminished oleic acid (OA)- or ethanol-induced lipid production in hepatocytes in vitro, respectively. During lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, both fat and alcohol induced the recruitment of PI3K or Socs3 by Gab2 and the activation of their downstream signaling proteins AKT, ERK, and Stat3. Therefore, Gab2 may be a disease-associated protein that is induced by pathogenic factors to amplify and coordinate multifactor-induced signals to govern disease development in the liver. Our research provides a novel potential target for the prevention and intervention of fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yujia Kang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yan Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yanhong Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yanli Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Lijuan Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Jin Tao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yingpu Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yinan Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Jianghong Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Gen-Sheng Feng
- Department of Pathology, and Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zhongxian Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
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Takahashi T, Nishida T, Baba H, Hatta H, Imura J, Sutoh M, Toyohara S, Hokao R, Watanabe S, Ogawa H, Uehara H, Tsuneyama K. Histopathological characteristics of glutamine synthetase-positive hepatic tumor lesions in a mouse model of spontaneous metabolic syndrome (TSOD mouse). Mol Clin Oncol 2016; 5:267-270. [PMID: 27446562 PMCID: PMC4950734 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2016.924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that Tsumura-Suzuki obese diabetic (TSOD) mice, a polygenic model of spontaneous type 2 diabetes, is a valuable model of hepatic carcinogenesis via non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). One of the characteristics of tumors in these mice is the diffuse expression of glutamine synthetase (GS), which is a diagnostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we performed detailed histopathological examinations and found that GS expression was diffusely positive in >70% of the hepatic tumors from 15-month-old male TSOD mice. Translocation of β-catenin into nuclei with enhanced membranous expression also occurred in GS-positive tumors. Small lesions (<1 mm) in GS-positive cases exhibited dysplastic nodules, with severe nuclear atypia, whereas large lesions (>3 mm) bore the characteristics of human HCC, exhibiting nuclear and structural atypia with invasive growth. By contrast, the majority of GS-negative tumors were hepatocellular adenomas with advanced fatty change and low nuclear grade. In GS-negative tumors, loss of liver fatty acid-binding protein expression was observed. These results suggest that the histological characteristics of GS-positive hepatic tumors in TSOD mice resemble human HCC; thus, this model may be a useful tool in translational research targeting the NAFLD/NASH-HCC sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishida
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hayato Baba
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hideki Hatta
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Johji Imura
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Sutoh
- Institute for Animal Reproduction, Kasumigaura, Ibaraki 300-0134, Japan
| | - Syunji Toyohara
- Institute for Animal Reproduction, Kasumigaura, Ibaraki 300-0134, Japan
| | - Ryoji Hokao
- Institute for Animal Reproduction, Kasumigaura, Ibaraki 300-0134, Japan
| | - Syunsuke Watanabe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hisanori Uehara
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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Orime K, Shirakawa J, Togashi Y, Tajima K, Inoue H, Nagashima Y, Terauchi Y. Lipid-lowering agents inhibit hepatic steatosis in a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-derived hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 772:22-32. [PMID: 26724391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with various metabolic disorders, and the therapeutic strategies for treating NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have not been fully established. In the present study, we examined whether lipid-lowering agents inhibited the progression of NAFLD and tumorigenesis in a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-derived hepatocellular carcinoma model mouse (STAM mice) generated by streptozotocin injection and a high-fat diet. Seven-week-old STAM mice were divided into groups fed a high-fat diet (Ctl) or a high-fat diet supplemented with ezetimibe (Ez), fenofibrate (Ff), rosuvastatin (Rs), ezetimibe plus fenofibrate (EF), or ezetimibe plus rosuvastatin (ER) for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiments, an oral glucose tolerance test, an insulin tolerance test, biochemical analyses using serum and liver, and a histological analysis of liver were performed in 11-week-old STAM mice. The lipid-lowering agents did not affect the body weight or the casual blood glucose levels in any of the groups. The serum triglyceride level was significantly decreased by Ff, Rs, and EF. Glucose tolerance was improved by Ez and Ff, but none of these agents improved insulin sensitivity. A histochemical analysis revealed that the lipid-lowering agents, with the exception of Rs, significantly inhibited the progression of hepatic steatosis. Nonetheless, no significant changes in the incidence of hepatic tumors were observed in any of the groups. Lipid-lowering agents inhibited the progression of hepatic steatosis without suppressing tumorigenesis in STAM mice. Our data has implications for the mechanism underlying steatosis-independent hepatic tumorigenesis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Orime
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jun Shirakawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yu Togashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuki Tajima
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideaki Inoue
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoji Nagashima
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasuo Terauchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama, Japan.
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Li X, Liu C, Ip BC, Hu KQ, Smith DE, Greenberg AS, Wang XD. Tumor progression locus 2 ablation suppressed hepatocellular carcinoma development by inhibiting hepatic inflammation and steatosis in mice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:138. [PMID: 26560698 PMCID: PMC4642781 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Tumor progression locus 2 (TPL2), a serine-threonine kinase, functions as a critical regulator of inflammatory pathways and mediates oncogenic events. The potential role of Tpl2 in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development remains unknown. Methods Both wild-type and Tpl2 knockout male mice were initiated by a hepatic carcinogen (diethylnitrosamine, i.p. with a single dose of 25 mg.kg−1)at 2 weeks of age, and then were given the high carbohydrate diet feeding to induce hepatic steatosis, inflammation, adenoma and HCC for 24 weeks. Results Tpl2 knockout mice had significantly lower incidences of liver tumor and developed hepatocellular adenoma only, which is contrast to wild-type mice where they all developed HCC. Tpl2 knockout mice had significantly down-regulated phosphorylation of JNK and ERK, and levels of mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Il-1β, Il-18, Mcp-1 and Nalp3), which correlated with the reduced incidence and number of hepatic inflammatory foci. Furthermore, Tpl2 ablation resulted in decreased hepatic steatosis and expression of de novo lipogenesis related markers (ACC, SCD1, SREBP1C and AKT phosphorylation), as well as reduction of endoplasmic reticulum stress biomarkers PERK and eIF-2a. Conclusion The study revealed for the first time that Tpl2 plays a significant role in promoting HCC development by its pro-inflammatory effect, which suggested that Tpl2 could be a molecular target for HCC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Li
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.,School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Chun Liu
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Blanche C Ip
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Kang-Quan Hu
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | | | - Andrew S Greenberg
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Xiang-Dong Wang
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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Khan SA, Wollaston-Hayden EE, Markowski TW, Higgins L, Mashek DG. Quantitative analysis of the murine lipid droplet-associated proteome during diet-induced hepatic steatosis. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:2260-72. [PMID: 26416795 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m056812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is characterized by the accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs), which are composed of a neutral lipid core surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer embedded with many proteins. Although the LD-associated proteome has been investigated in multiple tissues and organisms, the dynamic changes in the murine LD-associated proteome in response to obesity and hepatic steatosis have not been studied. We characterized the hepatic LD-associated proteome of C57BL/6J male mouse livers following high-fat feeding using isobaric tagging for relative and absolute quantification. Of the 1,520 proteins identified with a 5% local false discovery rate, we report a total of 48 proteins that were increased and 52 proteins that were decreased on LDs in response to high-fat feeding. Most notably, ribosomal and endoplasmic reticulum proteins were increased and extracellular and cytosolic proteins were decreased in response to high-fat feeding. Additionally, many proteins involved in fatty acid catabolism or xenobiotic metabolism were enriched in the LD fraction following high-fat feeding. In contrast, proteins involved in glucose metabolism and liver X receptor or retinoid X receptor activation were decreased on LDs of high-fat-fed mice. This study provides insights into unique biological functions of hepatic LDs under normal and steatotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salmaan Ahmed Khan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | | | - Todd W Markowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - LeeAnn Higgins
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Douglas G Mashek
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
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Clar J, Mutel E, Gri B, Creneguy A, Stefanutti A, Gaillard S, Ferry N, Beuf O, Mithieux G, Nguyen TH, Rajas F. Hepatic lentiviral gene transfer prevents the long-term onset of hepatic tumours of glycogen storage disease type 1a in mice. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:2287-96. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Jiang N, Sun R, Sun Q. Leptin signaling molecular actions and drug target in hepatocellular carcinoma. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2014; 8:2295-302. [PMID: 25484575 PMCID: PMC4238752 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s69004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous reports indicate that over 13 different tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), are related to obesity. Obesity-associated inflammatory, metabolic, and endocrine mediators, as well as the functioning of the gut microbiota, are suspected to contribute to tumorigenesis. In obese people, proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6, insulin and insulin-like growth factors, adipokines, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, adiponectin, and leptin are found to play crucial roles in the initiation and development of cancer. The cytokines induced by leptin in adipose tissue or tumor cells have been intensely studied. Leptin-induced signaling pathways are critical for biological functions such as adiposity, energy balance, endocrine function, immune reaction, and angiogenesis as well as oncogenesis. Leptin is an activator of cell proliferation and anti-apoptosis in several cell types, and an inducer of cancer stem cells; its critical roles in tumorigenesis are based on its oncogenic, mitogenic, proinflammatory, and pro-angiogenic actions. This review provides an update of the pathological effects of leptin signaling with special emphasis on potential molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targeting, which could potentially be used in future clinical settings. In addition, leptin-induced angiogenic ability and molecular mechanisms in HCC are discussed. The stringent binding affinity of leptin and its receptor Ob-R, as well as the highly upregulated expression of both leptin and Ob-R in cancer cells compared to normal cells, makes leptin an ideal drug target for the prevention and treatment of HCC, especially in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongtong Sun
- Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Sun
- Department of Pathology, QianFoShan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and deadly malignancies worldwide. The multikinase inhibitor sorafenib still remains the only approved agent for advanced HCC. In most cases, HCC develops based on advanced liver cirrhosis, whereas the underlying risk factors can be identified in the vast majority of patients. METHODS Here, we summarise and review the pathomechanisms in dependence of the underlying disease, gene signatures and frequent mutations in HCC. RESULTS Worldwide, HCC is most commonly caused by viral hepatitis B and C. It is less frequently associated with chronic exposure to toxins or hereditary liver diseases. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is an emerging risk factor with increasing prevalence nowadays. Emerging innovative technologies including whole-genome or -exome analyses have been applied for molecular and prognostic classifications as well as therapeutic implications. Mutations leading to activation of the Wnt pathway and inactivation of p53 were most frequently identified in HCC. CONCLUSIONS Recent advances have significantly improved our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of HCC and its complex genetic landscape. The emerging data will open the door towards novel and more effective targeted and personalized therapies in this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha M Kirstein
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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46
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Tu T, Budzinska MA, Maczurek AE, Cheng R, Di Bartolomeo A, Warner FJ, McCaughan GW, McLennan SV, Shackel NA. Novel aspects of the liver microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma pathogenesis and development. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:9422-58. [PMID: 24871369 PMCID: PMC4100103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15069422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent primary liver cancer that is derived from hepatocytes and is characterised by high mortality rate and poor prognosis. While HCC is driven by cumulative changes in the hepatocyte genome, it is increasingly recognised that the liver microenvironment plays a pivotal role in HCC propensity, progression and treatment response. The microenvironmental stimuli that have been recognised as being involved in HCC pathogenesis are diverse and include intrahepatic cell subpopulations, such as immune and stellate cells, pathogens, such as hepatitis viruses, and non-cellular factors, such as abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) and tissue hypoxia. Recently, a number of novel environmental influences have been shown to have an equally dramatic, but previously unrecognized, role in HCC progression. Novel aspects, including diet, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microflora and circulating microvesicles, are now being recognized as increasingly important in HCC pathogenesis. This review will outline aspects of the HCC microenvironment, including the potential role of GIT microflora and microvesicles, in providing new insights into tumourigenesis and identifying potential novel targets in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Tu
- Liver Cell Biology, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.
| | | | | | - Robert Cheng
- Liver Cell Biology, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.
| | - Anna Di Bartolomeo
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Fiona J Warner
- Liver Cell Biology, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.
| | | | - Susan V McLennan
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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