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Mao J, Chen R, Xue L, Zhu Y, Zhao L, Wang J. Metformin and chidamide synergistically suppress multiple myeloma progression and enhance lenalidomide/bortezomib sensitivity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:2452-2465. [PMID: 38251764 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common hematological malignancy, and patients with MM are recommended to take immunomodulatory drugs such as lenalidomide along with proteasome inhibitors such as bortezomib to extend survival. However, drug resistance influences the efficacy of treatment for MM. In our study, we found that metformin and chidamide both suppressed MM cell growth in a concentration- and time-dependent way (p < .001). Moreover, combined therapy with metformin and chidamide exhibited enhanced inhibition of the growth of MM cells compared with monotherapy (p < .05). Additionally, the triple-drug combination of metformin and chidamide with lenalidomide or bortezomib was used to stimulate the MM cells, and the results revealed that metformin and chidamide treatment sensitized MM cells to lenalidomide and bortezomib. As a result, the apoptosis (p < .001) together with cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase (p < .05) was stimulated by lenalidomide and bortezomib, and showed significant elevation in the triple-drug combination group compared with the lenalidomide or bortezomib treatment alone group (p < .05). Furthermore, the impacts of different drugs on glycolysis in MM cells were examined. We found that metformin and chidamide combined treatment significantly promoted glucose uptake and reduced energy production in MM cells treated with lenalidomide and bortezomib (p < .001), suggesting that metformin and chidamide affected glycolysis in MM cells and enhanced the sensitivity of lenalidomide and bortezomib in MM by regulating glucose metabolism. In conclusion, metformin and chidamide synergistically hindered MM cell growth and sensitized cells to lenalidomide/bortezomib. The findings of this study might provide novel clues to improve MM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Mao
- Department of Hematology, the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Lianguo Xue
- Department of Hematology, the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanxin Zhu
- Department of Hematology, the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lidong Zhao
- Department of Hematology, the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
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Wang M, Noghabaei G, Raeisi T, Li D, Alizadeh H, Alizadeh M. Metformin and risk of hematological cancers in patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Saudi Med 2024; 44:126-134. [PMID: 38615182 PMCID: PMC11016148 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2024.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
FUNDING No external funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- From the Department of Endocrinology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Giti Noghabaei
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Raeisi
- From the Department of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar-Abbas, Iran
| | - Dandan Li
- From the Department of Endocrinology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Hamzeh Alizadeh
- From the Department of Genetics and Breeding, University of Guilan, Rasht, Gilan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- From the Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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3
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Dou ZY, Xia B, Wang CY, Xu YJ, Zhang YZ. Influence of diabetes mellitus on the biochemical parameters and outcomes of multiple myeloma. Hematology 2023; 28:2179218. [PMID: 36799658 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2023.2179218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The incidence of MM in most registries remains stable or showing only a slightly increase. However, prevalence of MM is increasing due to the increase in overall survival in the last two decades. The aim of this study was to observe changes in biochemical parameters during the diagnosis and treatment of MM. METHODS A retrospective analysis was made of the biochemical indicators, survival time, and related adverse events of 196 patients with MM. RESULTS Of the 196 patients with MM, 26 were diagnosed with DM (DM-MM group) at the first diagnosis, 31 with steroid-induced diabetes mellitus (SID-MM group) during treatment, and 139 without DM (MM group). There was no significant difference between the three groups in the mean age of onset, sex ratio, incidence of hypercalcemia, renal dysfunction, anemia, abnormal lactate dehydrogenase, and median value of D-dimer and fibrinogen during diagnosis and treatment. There was no significant difference in survival time between the SID-MM and MM groups, but there was a significant difference between the DM-MM and MM groups. CONCLUSION There was no significant difference between the three groups in the incidence of hypercalcemia, anemia, and renal function impairment. The survival time of patients with DM was shorter than that of patients without DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yue Dou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Xia
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Yu Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Jie Xu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Ding Q, Li R, Wang Q, Yu L, Zi F. A pan-cancer analysis of the role of argininosuccinate synthase 1 in human tumors. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1049147. [PMID: 38053661 PMCID: PMC10694447 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1049147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim There is accumulating evidence indicating that ASS1 is closely related to tumors. No pan-cancer analysis of ASS1 was available. Methods Here we explored the gene expression and survival analysis of ASS1 across thirty-three tumors based on the datasets of the TCGA (Cancer Genome Atlas), the GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus), and the GEPIA2 (Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, version 2). Results ASS1 is highly expressed in most normal tissues and is related to the progression of some tumors. We also report ASS1 genetic alteration and their association with tumor prognosis and report differences in ASS1 phosphorylation sites between tumors and control normal tissues. ASS1 expression was associated with the infiltration of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) for the TCGA tumors of BRCA (Breast invasive carcinoma), CESC (Cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma), COAD (Colon adenocarcinoma), ESCA (Esophageal carcinoma), SKCM (Skin cutaneous melanoma), SKCM-Metastasis, TGCT (Testicular germ cell tumors), and endothelial cell for the tumors of BRCA, BRCA-Basal, CESC, ESCA, KIRC (Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma), LUAD (Lung adenocarcinoma), LUSC (Lung squamous cell carcinoma), SKCM, SKCM-Metastasis, SKCM-Primary, STAD (Stomach adenocarcinoma), and TGCT. The KEGG and GO analysis were used to analyze ASS1-related signaling pathways. Finally, we used Huh7 cell line to verify the function of ASS1 in vitro. After ASS1 knockdown using small interfering RNA (siRNA), the proliferation and invasion of Huh7 were enhanced, cyclin D1 was up-regulated, and anti-apoptotic protein bax was down-regulated, suggesting that ASS1 is a tumor suppressor gene in hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusion Our first pan-cancer study offers a relatively comprehensive understanding of the roles of ASS1 in different tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ding
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Hematology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ruiqi Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Hematology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qingming Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Hematology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Hematology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fuming Zi
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Hematology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Chen M, Li Y, Liu Y, Jia B, Liu X, Ma T. Carbonized polymer dots derived from metformin and L-arginine for tumor cell membrane- and mitochondria-dual targeting therapy. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:17922-17935. [PMID: 37902070 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04145j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Metformin has demonstrated antitumor potential in clinical studies; however, achieving optimal antitumor effects requires administering an extremely safe medication dose. To enhance the efficacy and reduce dosage requirements, we propose the creation of large-molecule drugs through the combination of small-molecule drugs. In this study, we developed novel polymer dots, referred to as MA-dots, with sizes of approximately 5 nm, featuring dual targeting capabilities for tumor cell membranes and mitochondria. MA-dots were synthesized using metformin and L-arginine via a rapid microwave-assisted method. Notably, the resulting MA-dots (with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 93.60 μg mL-1) exhibited more than a 12-fold increase in antitumor activity compared to the raw metformin material (IC50 = 1159.00 μg mL-1) over a 24-hour period. In addition, our MA-dots outperformed most metformin-derived nanodrugs in terms of antitumor efficacy. Furthermore, oral gavage treatment with MA-dots led to the suppression of A549 (lung cancer cell lines) tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistic investigations revealed that MA-dots bound to the large neutral amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) proteins, which are overexpressed in malignant tumor cell membranes. Moreover, these MA-dots accumulated within the mitochondria, leading to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial damage, and disruption of energy metabolism by modulating the 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in tumor cells. This cascade of events triggers cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. In summary, this study presented a rapid method for fabricating a novel nanoderivative, MA-dots, capable of both tumor targeting and exerting tumor-suppressive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manling Chen
- Institute of Clean Energy Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials, College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, Liaoning, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Yangcheng Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Baohua Jia
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Xue Liu
- Institute of Clean Energy Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials, College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, Liaoning, P. R. China.
| | - Tianyi Ma
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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Hua Y, Zheng Y, Yao Y, Jia R, Ge S, Zhuang A. Metformin and cancer hallmarks: shedding new lights on therapeutic repurposing. J Transl Med 2023; 21:403. [PMID: 37344841 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04263-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a well-known anti-diabetic drug that has been repurposed for several emerging applications, including as an anti-cancer agent. It boasts the distinct advantages of an excellent safety and tolerability profile and high cost-effectiveness at less than one US dollar per daily dose. Epidemiological evidence reveals that metformin reduces the risk of cancer and decreases cancer-related mortality in patients with diabetes; however, the exact mechanisms are not well understood. Energy metabolism may be central to the mechanism of action. Based on altering whole-body energy metabolism or cellular state, metformin's modes of action can be divided into two broad, non-mutually exclusive categories: "direct effects", which induce a direct effect on cancer cells, independent of blood glucose and insulin levels, and "indirect effects" that arise from systemic metabolic changes depending on blood glucose and insulin levels. In this review, we summarize an updated account of the current knowledge on metformin antitumor action, elaborate on the underlying mechanisms in terms of the hallmarks of cancer, and propose potential applications for repurposing metformin for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hua
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yiran Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Ai Zhuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Wang X, Wang H, Yi P, Baker C, Casey G, Xie X, Luo H, Cai J, Fan X, Soong L, Hu H, Shi PY, Liang Y, Sun J. Metformin restrains ZIKV replication and alleviates virus-induced inflammatory responses in microglia. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110512. [PMID: 37343373 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The re-emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) remains a major public health threat that has raised worldwide attention. Accumulating evidence suggests that ZIKV can cause serious pathological changes to the human nervous system, including microcephaly in newborns. Recent studies suggest that metformin, an established treatment for diabetes may play a role in viral infection; however, little is known about the interactions between ZIKV infection and metformin administration. Using fluorescent ZIKV by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence imaging, we found that ZIKV can infect microglia in a dose-dependent manner. Metformin diminished ZIKV replication without the alteration of viral entry and phagocytosis. Our study demonstrated that metformin downregulated ZIKV-induced inflammatory response in microglia in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Our RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR analysis found that type I and III interferons (IFN), such as IFNα2, IFNβ1 and IFNλ3 were upregulated in ZIKV-infected cells by metformin treatment, accompanied with the downregulation of GBP4, OAS1, MX1 and ISG15. Together, our results suggest that metformin-mediated modulation in multiple pathways may attribute to restraining ZIKV infection in microglia, which may provide a potential tool to consider for use in unique clinical circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan 410005, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis of Hunan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Panpan Yi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis of Hunan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Coleman Baker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Gonzales Casey
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Xuping Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Huanle Luo
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jiyang Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Xuegong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis of Hunan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Lynn Soong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Haitao Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Yuejin Liang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Jiaren Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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Tentolouris A, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Terpos E. Obesity and multiple myeloma: emerging mechanisms and perspectives. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 92:45-60. [PMID: 37030643 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a global pandemic that has been associated with the development of breast, endometrial, large intestine, renal, esophageal, and pancreatic cancer. Obesity is also involved in the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recently, an increase in the incidence of obesity-related cancers has been reported. Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy, after lymphoma. The aim of this review is to examine the epidemiological data on obesity and MM, assess the effect of obesity on MM outcomes, evaluate the possible mechanisms through which obesity might increase the incidence of MM and provide the effects of obesity management on MM. Current evidence indicates that obesity may have an impact on the progression of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) to MM and increase the prevalence of MM. However, data regarding the effect of obesity on MGUS incidence are controversial; further studies are needed to examine whether obesity affects the development of MGUS or the progression of MGUS to MM. In addition, obesity affects MM outcomes. Increased BMI is associated with decreased survival in patients with MM, while data regarding the effect of obesity on newly diagnosed MM subjects and autologous stem cell transplantation are limited. Interestingly, the obesity paradox may also apply to patients with relapsed/refractory MM who are overweight or obese, because they may have a survival advantage. The pathophysiological pathways linking obesity to MM are very complicated and include bone marrow adipose tissue; adipokines, such as adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and visfatin; inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, such as TNF-α and IL-6; hormones including insulin and the insulin-like growth factor system as well as sex hormones. In terms of the effect of pharmacological management of obesity, orlistat has been shown to alter the proliferation of MM cells, whereas no data exist on glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, naltrexone/bupropion, or phentermine/topiramate. Bariatric surgery may be associated with a reduction in the incidence of MM, however, further studies are needed.
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Chen CJ, Huang JY, Huang JQ, Deng JY, Shangguan XH, Chen AZ, Chen LT, Wu WH. Metformin attenuates multiple myeloma cell proliferation and encourages apoptosis by suppressing METTL3-mediated m6A methylation of THRAP3, RBM25, and USP4. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:986-1004. [PMID: 36762777 PMCID: PMC10054227 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2170521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on the results of epidemiological and preclinical studies, metformin can improve the prognosis of patients with malignant tumors. Studies have confirmed that metformin inhibits multiple myeloma (MM) cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis. Nevertheless, the specific mechanism remains to be elucidated. MM cells were intervened with different doses of metformin to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis. Western blotting and RT-qPCR were employed to assess the expression of METTL3, METTL14, WTAP, FTO, and ALKBH5 after metformin intervention. The microarray dataset GSE29023 was retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and calculated using the R language (limma package) to authenticate differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The database for annotation, visualization, and integrated discovery (David) was applied for GO annotation analysis of DEGs. Subsequently, the string database and Cytoscape software were applied to construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) and DEM hub gene networks. Bioinformatics analysis and MeRIP were applied to predict and test METTL3-mediated m6A levels on mRNA of THRAP3, RBM25, and USP4 in METTL3 knocked-down cells. Then rescue experiments were performed to explore effects of METTL3 and THRAP3, RBM25, or USP4 on cell proliferation and apoptosis. The effect on MM cell xenograft tumor growth was observed by injection of metformin or/and overexpression of METTL3 in in vivo experiments. Metformin decreased cell proliferation and encouraged cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Global m6A modification was elevated in MM cells compared to normal cells, which was counteracted by metformin treatment. Furthermore, THRAP3, RBM25, and USP4 were identified as possible candidate genes for metformin treatment by GSE29023 data mining. METTL3 interference impaired m6A modification on mRNA of THRAP3, RBM25, and USP4 as well as expression levels. The mRNA stability and expression of THRAP3, RBM25, and USP4 was decreased after metformin treatment, which was reversed by METTL3 overexpression. THRAP3, RBM25 or USP4 knockdown reversed the assistance of METTL3 overexpression on the malignant behavior of MM cells. Finally, upregulation of METTL3 was shown to exert facilitative effects on xenograft tumor growth by blocking metformin injection. The present study demonstrates that metformin can repress the expression of THRAP3, RBM25, and USP4 by inhibiting METTL3-mediated m6A modification, which in turn hamper cell proliferation and promotes cell apoptosis.Abbreviations: multiple myeloma (MM), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), differentially expressed genes (DEGs), database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery (David), protein-protein interaction (PPI), epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT), methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3), methyltransferase like 14 (METTL14), wilms tumor 1-associated protein (WTAP), methyltransferase like 16 (METTL16), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), non-small lung cancer (NSCLC), glioma stem cells (GSCs), normal bone marrow-derived plasma cells (nPCs), false discovery rate (FDR), biological process (BP), optical density (OD), horseradish peroxidase (HRP), M6A RNA immunoprecipitation assay (MeRIP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Jie Chen
- Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jie-Yun Huang
- Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jian-Qing Huang
- Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jia-Yi Deng
- Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Shangguan
- Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ai-Zhen Chen
- Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
| | - Long-Tian Chen
- Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
| | - Wei-Hao Wu
- Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
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Zhang Y, Zhou F, Guan J, Zhou L, Chen B. Action Mechanism of Metformin and Its Application in Hematological Malignancy Treatments: A Review. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020250. [PMID: 36830619 PMCID: PMC9953052 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies (HMs) mainly include acute and chronic leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma and other heterogeneous tumors that seriously threaten human life and health. The common effective treatments are radiotherapy, chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), which have limited options and are prone to tumor recurrence and (or) drug resistance. Metformin is the first-line drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Recently, studies identified the potential anti-cancer ability of metformin in both T2DM patients and patients that are non-diabetic. The latest epidemiological and preclinical studies suggested a potential benefit of metformin in the prevention and treatment of patients with HM. The mechanism may involve the activation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway by metformin as well as other AMPK-independent pathways to exert anti-cancer properties. In addition, combining current conventional anti-cancer drugs with metformin may improve the efficacy and reduce adverse drug reactions. Therefore, metformin can also be used as an adjuvant therapeutic agent for HM. This paper highlights the anti-hyperglycemic effects and potential anti-cancer effects of metformin, and also compiles the in vitro and clinical trials of metformin as an anti-cancer and chemosensitizing agent for the treatment of HM. The need for future research on the use of metformin in the treatment of HM is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Baoan Chen
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-8327-2006
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11
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Urban VS, Cegledi A, Mikala G. Multiple myeloma, a quintessential malignant disease of aging: a geroscience perspective on pathogenesis and treatment. GeroScience 2022; 45:727-746. [PMID: 36508077 PMCID: PMC9742673 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00698-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy, which is predominantly a disease of older adults (the median age at diagnosis is 70 years). The slow progression from asymptomatic stages and the late-onset of MM suggest fundamental differences compared to many other hematopoietic system-related malignancies. The concept discussed in this review is that age-related changes at the level of terminally differentiated plasma cells act as the main risk factors for the development of MM. Epigenetic and genetic changes that characterize both MM development and normal aging are highlighted. The relationships between cellular aging processes, genetic mosaicism in plasma cells, and risk for MM and the stochastic processes contributing to clonal selection and expansion of mutated plasma cells are investigated. In line with the DNA damage accumulation theory of aging, in this review, the evolution of monoclonal gammopathy to symptomatic MM is considered. Therapeutic consequences of age-dependent comorbidities that lead to frailty and have fundamental influence on treatment outcome are described. The importance of considering geriatric states when planning the life-long treatment course of an elderly MM patient in order to achieve maximal therapeutic benefit is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika S. Urban
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Cegledi
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, South Pest Central Hospital–National Institute for Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabor Mikala
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, South Pest Central Hospital-National Institute for Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary.
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12
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Tseng CH. The Risk of Multiple Myeloma Is Reduced in Metformin Initiators: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Taiwanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225637. [PMID: 36428730 PMCID: PMC9688273 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether metformin might reduce the risk of multiple myeloma (MM) has not been extensively researched in humans. METHODS The study subjects were enrolled from the reimbursement database of Taiwan's National Health Insurance. A total of 739,553 patients who had a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus during 1999-2009 were identified. They were categorized as metformin initiators (metformin (+)) and non-metformin initiators (metformin (-)) based on the prescriptions of antidiabetic drugs that included metformin and did not include metformin within the initial 12 months, respectively. MM incidence was calculated after the initial 12 months of treatment group assignment until 31 December 2011. Hazard ratios based on intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) approaches were estimated by Cox regression weighted by propensity scores. RESULTS In the ITT analyses, the respective incidence rates for 497,248 metformin (+) and 242,305 metformin (-) were 9.97 and 14.33 per 100,000 person-years. The hazard ratio that compared metformin (+) to metformin (-) in the ITT analysis was 0.710 (95% confidence interval 0.593-0.850). In the PP analysis, the respective incidence rates were 5.14 and 13.98 per 100,000 person-years, and the hazard ratio was 0.355 (95% confidence interval, 0.270-0.466). The lower risk of MM among metformin (+) was supported by subgroup and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Type 2 diabetes patients who are initiated with metformin treatment have a significantly lower risk of MM, especially when they adhere to metformin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hsiao Tseng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10051, Taiwan;
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
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13
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Tentolouris A, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Eleftheriadou I, Malandrakis P, Tzeravini E, Gavriatopoulou M. Diabetes mellitus and multiple myeloma; common features of two distinct entities. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2022; 38:e3535. [PMID: 35555946 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has attained the status of a global pandemic. Cardiovascular disease (CV) was the leading cause of morbidity in people with type 2 DM, however, a transition from CV to cancer as the leading contributor to DM related death has been observed lately. Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common haematological malignancy. Obesity is a common risk factor for both DM and MM. Although data are limited, studies have shown that DM might be associated with increased risk for the development of MM. The presence of DM might affect the course of patients with MM, since hyperglycemia may have an impact on both the efficacy and the adverse effects of antimyeloma therapy. In parallel, DM and MM share common clinical presentations, such as nephropathy, neuropathy, and CV. In terms of antidiabetic medications, metformin might present a synergistic effect with antimyeloma drugs and also prevent some of the adverse effects of these drugs; pioglitazone might have favourable effects when given as add on treatment in people with relapsed or refractory MM. No clinically important interactions have been observed between antidiabetic agents and the most commonly used antimyeloma drugs. Further data are needed to examine the effect of all classes of antidiabetic medication on MM and its complications. A baseline assessment of risk factors for glucose intolerance and close monitoring of glucose levels during therapy is strongly suggested for patients with MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Tentolouris
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Diabetes Center, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Eleftheriadou
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Diabetes Center, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Malandrakis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Tzeravini
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Diabetes Center, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gavriatopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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14
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Gao L, Li L, Hu J, Li G, Zhang Y, Dai X, De Z, Xu F. Metformin inhibits multiple myeloma serum-induced endothelial cell thrombosis by down-regulating miR-532. Ann Vasc Surg 2022; 85:347-357.e2. [PMID: 35561893 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2022.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Thrombotic complications in multiple myeloma (MM) impairs the quality of life of patients. Metformin has a certain effect on anti-thrombosis, but its role and mechanism in MM-induced thrombosis are still uncovered. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of metformin on MM-induced thrombosis. METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to normal serum (15%), MM serum (15%), metformin (0.01 mmol/L), or MM serum and metformin simultaneously. The expression of tissue factor (TF) in HUVECs was detected by flow cytometry and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). QRT-PCR was also used to determine the expressions of endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) and miR-532. The generation of thrombin and activated protein C was measured by thrombin generation and protein C activation assays. And EPCR, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway related protein expressions were detected by western blot. RESULT MM serum increased the expressions of TF, EPCR and miR-532, and induced thrombin generation and protein C activation in HUVECs. Based on the MM serum treatment, metformin decreased these expressions and inhibited the thrombin generation and protein C activation in HUVECs. However, miR-532 mimic reversed the effect of metformin and promoted the levels of thrombosis related indicators in HUVECs. Moreover, metformin activated the EPCR, ERK 1/2, p38 MAPK and NF-κB pathways but miR-532 mimic suppressed the activation of pathways. CONCLUSION Metformin played an inhibitory effect on MM serum-induced HUVEC thrombosis, suggesting that metformin could serve as a novel antithrombotic approach for MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Gao
- Department of Hematology, Karamay Central Hospital
| | - Li Li
- Department of Hematology, Karamay Central Hospital
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Hematology, Karamay Central Hospital
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Oncology Department, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai, Tongji University
| | - Yizhi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Karamay Central Hospital
| | - Xiangjun Dai
- Science Education Department, Karamay Central Hospital
| | - Zhenyi De
- Department of Pathology, Karamay Central Hospital
| | - Fenglei Xu
- Department of Neurology, Karamay Central Hospital.
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15
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Wu Z, Wu L, Zou L, Wang M, Liu X. Metformin induces myeloma cells necrosis and apoptosis and it is considered for therapeutic use. J Chemother 2022; 35:131-141. [PMID: 35427214 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2022.2062895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence, especially in solid tumor, indicated that metformin possessed the potential ability in the proliferation of cancer cells. However, its effects on myeloma cells were relatively rarely clarified. To evaluate the anti-cancer effects of metformin against dexamethasone-resistant and -sensitive myeloma cells. The effects of metformin on myeloma cell lines, including dexamethasone-resistant U266, H929, RPMI 8226 and dexamethasone-sensitive MM.1s, were investigated using the cell counting kit-8 assay for cell proliferation. Apoptosis, necrosis, cell cycle arrest, and cell death mechanisms were explored via flow cytometry (FCM) and Western blot. In addition, the anti-myeloma activity was evaluated in vivo via non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency xenograft mouse models. Metformin inhibited proliferation in a dose and time-dependent manner in all the cell lines, while dexamethasone only affected the viability of MM1.s cells. The FCM detection displayed that metformin induced apoptosis in H929, RPMI8226 and MM.1s cells, while for U266 cells, it induced necrosis with Annexin V-/Propidium iodide+. The cell cycle assays showed that metformin arrested G0/G1 phase of H929 and MM.1s cells, or G2/M phase of RPMI8226 cells, but showed no effect on U226 cells. Western blotting analyses demonstrated that the apoptosis-related protein of cleaved caspase 3 was activated; the expressions of Mcl-1, IGF-1R, PI3K, pAKT, and pmTOR proteins were inhibited by metformin in H929, RPMI8226, and MM.1s cells. The necrosis-related protein of iNOS increased in U266 cells while metformin treated. In vivo assay indicated metformin decreased U266 and H929 growth in bone marrow, and thus prolonged mice survival. These data suggested that metformin inhibited the proliferation of myeloma cells via inducing necrosis and apoptosis. This finding indicated that metformin may be served as a potent adjuvant in treating multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentian Wu
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Ningde Mindong Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fu’an city, Fujian Province, China
| | - Lianghua Wu
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Ningde Mindong Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fu’an city, Fujian Province, China
| | - Liangliang Zou
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Ningde Mindong Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fu’an city, Fujian Province, China
| | - Muqing Wang
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Ningde Mindong Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fu’an city, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Ningde Mindong Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fu’an city, Fujian Province, China
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16
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Gámez B, Morris EV, Olechnowicz SWZ, Webb S, Edwards JR, Sowman A, Turner CJ, Edwards CM. The antidiabetic drug metformin acts on the bone microenvironment to promote myeloma cell adhesion to preosteoblasts and increase myeloma tumour burden in vivo. Transl Oncol 2022; 15:101301. [PMID: 34890968 PMCID: PMC8665410 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a haematological malignancy that is dependent upon interactions within the bone microenvironment to drive tumour growth and osteolytic bone disease. Metformin is an anti-diabetic drug that has attracted attention due to its direct antitumor effects, including anti-myeloma properties. However, the impact of the bone microenvironment on the response to metformin in myeloma is unknown. We have employed in vitro and in vivo models to dissect out the direct effects of metformin in bone and the subsequent indirect myeloma response. We demonstrate how metformin treatment of preosteoblasts increases myeloma cell attachment. Metformin-treated preosteoblasts increased osteopontin (OPN) expression that upon silencing, reduced subsequent myeloma cell adherence. Proliferation markers were reduced in myeloma cells cocultured with metformin-treated preosteoblasts. In vivo, mice were treated with metformin for 4 weeks prior to inoculation of 5TGM1 myeloma cells. Metformin-pretreated mice had an increase in tumour burden, associated with an increase in osteolytic bone lesions and elevated OPN expression in the bone marrow. Collectively, we show that metformin increases OPN expression in preosteoblasts, increasing myeloma cell adherence. In vivo, this translates to an unexpected indirect pro-tumourigenic effect of metformin, highlighting the importance of the interdependence between myeloma cells and cells of the bone microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Gámez
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Centre for Translational Myeloma Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emma V Morris
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Centre for Translational Myeloma Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sam W Z Olechnowicz
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Siobhan Webb
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James R Edwards
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aneka Sowman
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christina J Turner
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claire M Edwards
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Centre for Translational Myeloma Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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17
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Rho SB, Byun HJ, Kim BR, Lee CH. Knockdown of LKB1 Sensitizes Endometrial Cancer Cells via AMPK Activation. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2021; 29:650-657. [PMID: 34607979 PMCID: PMC8551729 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2021.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is an anti-diabetic drug and has anticancer effects on various cancers. Several studies have suggested that metformin reduces cell proliferation and stimulates cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. However, the definitive molecular mechanism of metformin in the pathophysiological signaling in endometrial tumorigenesis and metastasis is not clearly understood. In this study, we examined the effects of metformin on the cell viability and apoptosis of human cervical HeLa and endometrial HEC-1-A and KLE cancer cells. Metformin suppressed cell growth in a dose-dependent manner and dramatically evoked apoptosis in HeLa cervical cancer cells, while apoptotic cell death and growth inhibition were not observed in endometrial (HEC-1-A, KLE) cell lines. Accordingly, the p27 and p21 promoter activities were enhanced while Bcl-2 and IL-6 activities were significantly reduced by metformin treatment. Metformin diminished the phosphorylation of mTOR, p70S6K and 4E-BP1 by accelerating adenosine monophosphateactivated kinase (AMPK) in HeLa cancer cells, but it did not affect other cell lines. To determine why the anti-proliferative effects are observed only in HeLa cells, we examined the expression level of liver kinase B1 (LKB1) since metformin and LKB1 share the same signalling system, and we found that the LKB1 gene is not expressed only in HeLa cancer cells. Consistently, the overexpression of LKB1 in HeLa cancer cells prevented metformin-triggered apoptosis while LKB1 knockdown significantly increased apoptosis in HEC-1-A and KLE cancer cells. Taken together, these findings indicate an underlying biological/physiological molecular function specifically for metformin-triggered apoptosis dependent on the presence of the LKB1 gene in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Bae Rho
- Division of Translational Science, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Byun
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Boh-Ram Kim
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Republic of Korea
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18
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Yang Y, Zhang Z, Chen Q, You Y, Li X, Chen T. Functionalized Selenium Nanoparticles Synergizes With Metformin to Treat Breast Cancer Cells Through Regulation of Selenoproteins. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:758482. [PMID: 34708029 PMCID: PMC8543061 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.758482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to high blood sugar level and chronic inflammation, diabetes tend to cause the overproduction of free radicals in body, which will damage tissue and cells, reduce autoimmunity, and greatly increase the incidence of tumors. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) exhibit high antioxidant activity with anti-tumor ability. In addition, metformin is considered as a clinical drug commonly for the treatment of stage II diabetes. Therefore, in this study, different functionalized SeNPs combined with metformin were performed to detect the feasibility for cancer therapy. The combination of Tween 80 (TW80)-SeNPs and metformin was found to have a synergistic effect on MCF-7 cells. The mechanism of this synergistic effect involved in the induction of DNA damage by affecting the generation of reactive oxygen species through selenoproteins; the upregulation of DNA-damage-related proteins including p-ATM, p-ATR, and p38; the promotion of p21 expression; and the downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinases and cyclin-related proteins causing cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, the expression of AMPK was affected, which in turn to regulate the mitochondrial membrane potential to achieve the synergistic treatment effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaoling Li
- Department of Chemistry, and Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, and Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Suo SS, Li CY, Zhang Y, Wang JH, Lou YJ, Yu WJ, Jin J. Characteristics of chemotherapy-induced diabetes mellitus in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 21:740-744. [PMID: 32893530 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1900719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is one of the most common malignancies, especially in young people. Combination chemotherapy for ALL typically includes corticosteroids (Kantarjian et al., 2000). Hyperglycemia is a well-recognized complication of corticosteroids, and chemotherapy-induced diabetes (CID) is not uncommon (27.5%-37.0%) during the treatment of ALL (Hsu et al., 2002; Weiser et al., 2004; Alves et al., 2007). Besides the effect of corticosteroids, potential factors triggering hyperglycemia in ALL also include direct infiltration of the pancreas by leukemia cells and β cell dysfunction induced by chemotherapeutic agents such as L-asparagine (Mohn et al., 2004).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Suo
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Hematology Oncology Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Chen-Ying Li
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Hematology Oncology Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Hematology Oncology Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jing-Han Wang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Hematology Oncology Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yin-Jun Lou
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Hematology Oncology Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Wen-Juan Yu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Hematology Oncology Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Hematology Oncology Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou 310003, China
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20
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Meyer FB, Goebel S, Spangel SB, Leovsky C, Hoelzer D, Thierbach R. Metformin alters therapeutic effects in the BALB/c tumor therapy model. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:629. [PMID: 34044797 PMCID: PMC8161985 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite considerable medical proceedings, cancer is still a leading cause of death. Major problems for tumor therapy are chemoresistance as well as toxic side effects. In recent years, the additional treatment with the antidiabetic drug metformin during chemotherapy showed promising results in some cases. The aim of this study was to develop an in vitro tumor therapy model in order to further investigate the potential of a combined chemotherapy with metformin. METHODS Cytotoxic effects of a combined treatment on BALB/c fibroblasts were proven by the resazurin assay. Based on the BALB/c cell transformation assay, the BALB/c tumor therapy model was established successfully with four different and widely used chemotherapeutics from different categories. Namely, Doxorubicin as a type-II isomerase inhibitor, Docetaxel as a spindle toxin, Mitomycin C as an alkylating agent and 5-Fluorouracil as an antimetabolite. Moreover, glucose consumption in the medium supernatant was measured and protein expressions were determined by Western Blotting. RESULTS Initial tests for the combined treatment with metformin indicated unexpected results as metformin could partly mitigate the cytotoxic effects of the chemotherapeutic agents. These results were further confirmed as metformin induced resistance to some of the drugs when applied simultaneously in the tumor therapy model. Mechanistically, an increased glucose consumption was observed in non-transformed cells as well as in the mixed population of malignant transformed cell foci and non-transformed monolayer cells, suggesting that metformin could also increase glucose consumption in transformed cells. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study suggests a cautious use of metformin during chemotherapy. Moreover, the BALB/c tumor therapy model offers a potent tool for further mechanistic studies of drug-drug interactions during cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix B Meyer
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Fakultät für Biowissenschaften, Institut für Ernährungswissenschaften, Abteilung Humanernährung, Jena, Germany
| | - Sophie Goebel
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Fakultät für Biowissenschaften, Institut für Ernährungswissenschaften, Abteilung Humanernährung, Jena, Germany
| | - Sonja B Spangel
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Fakultät für Biowissenschaften, Institut für Ernährungswissenschaften, Abteilung Humanernährung, Jena, Germany
| | - Christiane Leovsky
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Fakultät für Biowissenschaften, Institut für Ernährungswissenschaften, Abteilung Humanernährung, Jena, Germany
| | - Doerte Hoelzer
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Fakultät für Biowissenschaften, Institut für Ernährungswissenschaften, Abteilung Humanernährung, Jena, Germany
| | - René Thierbach
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Fakultät für Biowissenschaften, Institut für Ernährungswissenschaften, Abteilung Humanernährung, Jena, Germany.
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21
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Podhorecka M. Metformin - its anti-cancer effects in hematologic malignancies. Oncol Rev 2021; 15:514. [PMID: 33747367 PMCID: PMC7967492 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2021.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The main anti-diabetic effect of metformin mediated through stimulation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis and triggering glucose uptake in skeletal muscles. Additionally, some new pathways, besides the AMPK activation, were discovered, that can explain wide-range properties of metformin. All these properties are now attracting the attention of researchers in the fields other than diabetes and the drug has been reported to have anti-cancer, immunoregulatory and anti-aging effects. Among others, the beneficial effects of metformin in hematological disorders like leukemias, lymphomas, and multiple myeloma were reported. Despite a great progress in therapy, these diseases are still incurable in most cases. Thus, there is an urgent need to discover novel, less toxic and more effective drugs especially for older or chemotherapy-resistant patients. In this review article, the current findings on the anti-cancer effect of metformin together with underlying possible mechanisms in blood cancers are discussed. However. to evaluate precisely these promising effects of metformin, more studies are required, because many of the published results are preclinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Podhorecka
- Department of Hematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Medical University of Lublin, Poland
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22
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da Cunha Júnior AD, Zanette DL, Pericole FV, Olalla Saad ST, Barreto Campello Carvalheira J. Obesity as a Possible Risk Factor for Progression from Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance Progression into Multiple Myeloma: Could Myeloma Be Prevented with Metformin Treatment? Adv Hematol 2021; 2021:6615684. [PMID: 33531904 PMCID: PMC7834834 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6615684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is increasingly associated with the transformation of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) into multiple myeloma (MM). Obesity, MGUS, and MM share common etiopathogenesis mechanisms including altered insulin axis and the action of inflammatory cytokines. Consistent with this interconnection, metformin could predominantly exert inhibition of these pathophysiological factors and thus be an attractive therapeutic option for MGUS. Despite the possible clinical significance, only a limited number of epidemiological studies have focused on obesity as a risk factor for MGUS and MM. This review describes multiple biological pathways modulated by metformin at the cellular level and their possible impacts on the biology of MGUS and its progression into MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ademar Dantas da Cunha Júnior
- 1Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
- 2Hematology and Oncology Clinics, Cancer Hospital of Cascavel, União Oeste de Estudos e Combate ao Câncer (UOPECCAN), Cascavel, PR, Brazil
- 3Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Western Paraná (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Dalila Luciola Zanette
- 4Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando Vieira Pericole
- 5Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - José Barreto Campello Carvalheira
- 1Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Song Y, Chen S, Xiang W, Xiao M, Xiao H. The mechanism of treatment of multiple myeloma with metformin by way of metabolism. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:1056-1063. [PMID: 34336033 PMCID: PMC8314393 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.101305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant hematologic tumor. Although many new drugs are currently found to significantly improve the median survival, MM is still not curable due partly to drug resistance recurrence. Epidemiological studies have shown that patients with type 2 diabetes have a high risk of malignancy, and patients' treatment with metformin could reduce the risk of cancer as well as associated mortality. MATERIAL AND METHODS We used chemotherapeutics - melphalan combined with metformin or the single drug - to treat RPMI8226 cells and used a series of tests to detect the drug sensitivity, apoptotic rate, DNA damage and the concentration of ATP. SPSS 17.0 was used to analyze the data. RESULTS The inhibitory effect of melphalan on RPMI8226 cells was significantly increased after metformin was added (p < 0.05), and the inhibitory effect was enhanced with the increasing concentration of melphalan. The comet assay showed that metformin increased melphalan-induced DNA damage and increased the apoptotic rate from 12.7 ±2.8% to 18.8 ±1.5% (p < 0.05). In the ATP concentration test, the concentration of ATP in the tumor cells was significantly decreased from 0.42 ±0.01 μmol/l to 0.08 ±0.02 μmol/l (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Metformin can promote DNA damage induced by melphalan and decrease the concentration of ATP in the process of repairing DNA damage to hinder the anti-apoptotic process of tumor cells, which showed the pesticide effect of the enhanced sensitivity of multiple myeloma cells to melphalan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Song
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muran Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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24
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Ramasubbu SK, Mahato SK, Agnihotri A, Pasricha RK, Nath UK, Das B. Prevalence, severity, and nature of risk factors associated with drug-drug interactions in geriatric patients receiving cancer chemotherapy: A prospective study in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2020; 26:100277. [PMID: 33348276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2020.100277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polypharmacy increases hazard of drug-drug interactions(DDIs), hospitalization, treatment toxicity, and mortality in elderly individuals with cancer. The present study explores and analyzes prevalence and severity of DDIs in geriatric cancer patients subjected to anticancer chemotherapy, their mechanisms, stratification of severity, and correlation between DDI risk and number of medications taken. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted between January-July 2019 at the Medical Oncology/Hematology and Radiation-Oncology Departments, All India Institute of Medical Sciences(AIIMS) Rishikesh. The study included a convenience sampling of 126 geriatric cancer patients. RESULTS 126 patients were enrolled in present study. DDIs were identified in 97.6% of elderly cancer patients, and 88.9% had at least one DDI with antineoplastic medications. Highest number of DDIs involving antineoplastic medications in any given patient was 12. DDIs involving medications used for treatment of non-cancerous diseases were observed in 83.3% of patients; highest number of interactions identified in any given patient was 15. Out of 473 interactions, 237(50.1%) DDIs were attributable to pharmacodynamic mechanisms of action. 126(27%) of DDIs involved pharmacokinetic mechanisms and 110(23.6%) involved unknown mechanisms. In this present study, total number of DDIs could be positively correlated with total number of medications and number of health problems. CONCLUSIONS Geriatric cancer patients are at high risk of DDIs ascribable to polypharmacy. Physicians may utilize online DDI checking softwares to alert themselves, characterize potential DDIs, and modify medications judiciously. An integrative and algorithmic approach with inclusion of geriatricians, oncologists, cardiologists, general practitioners, and clinical pharmacologists/ pharmacists is imperative to optimize drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravana Kumar Ramasubbu
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences(AIIMS), Virbhadra Road, Rishikesh-249 203, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sumit Kumar Mahato
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences(AIIMS), Virbhadra Road, Rishikesh-249 203, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Akash Agnihotri
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences(AIIMS), Virbhadra Road, Rishikesh-249 203, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Pasricha
- Department of Radiation-Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences(AIIMS), Virbhadra Road, Rishikesh-249 203, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Uttam Kumar Nath
- Department of Medical-Oncology/Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences(AIIMS), Virbhadra Road, Rishikesh-249 203, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Biswadeep Das
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences(AIIMS), Virbhadra Road, Rishikesh-249 203, Uttarakhand, India; Additional Professor, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences(AIIMS), Virbhadra Road, Rishikesh-249 203, Uttarakhand, India
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25
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Hu Q, Peng J, Jiang L, Li W, Su Q, Zhang J, Li H, Song M, Cheng B, Xia J, Wu T. Metformin as a senostatic drug enhances the anticancer efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:925. [PMID: 33116117 PMCID: PMC7595194 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03126-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CDK4/6 inhibitors show promising antitumor activity in a variety of solid tumors; however, their role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) requires further investigation. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) induced by CDK4/6 inhibitors has dual effects on cancer treatment. The need to address the SASP is a serious challenge in the clinical application of CDK4/6 inhibitors. We investigated whether metformin can act as a senostatic drug to modulate the SASP and enhance the anticancer efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitors in HNSCC. In this study, the efficacy of a combination of the CDK4/6 inhibitor LY2835219 and metformin in HNSCC was investigated in in vitro assays, an HSC6 xenograft model, and a patient-derived xenograft model. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining, antibody array, sphere-forming assay, and in vivo tumorigenesis assay were used to detect the impacts of metformin on the senescence and SASP induced by LY2835219. We found that LY2835219 combined with metformin synergistically inhibited HNSCC by inducing cell cycle arrest in vitro and in vivo. Metformin significantly modulated the profiles of the SASP elicited by LY2835219 by inhibiting the mTOR and stat3 pathways. The LY2835219-induced SASP resulted in upregulation of cancer stemness, while this phenomenon can be attenuated when combined with metformin. Furthermore, results showed that the stemness inhibition by metformin was associated with blockade of the IL6-stat3 axis. Survival analysis demonstrated that overexpression of IL6 and stemness markers was associated with poor survival in HNSCC patients, indicating that including metformin to target these proteins might improve patient prognosis. Collectively, our data suggest that metformin can act as a senostatic drug to enhance the anticancer efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitors by reprogramming the profiles of the SASP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinchao Hu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Peng
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Laibo Jiang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuguo Li
- Animal Experiment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Su
- Animal Experiment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Intensive Care Unit, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat‑sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Juan Xia
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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26
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Ragbourne SC, Maghsoodi N, Streetly M, Crook MA. The Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Multiple Myeloma. Acta Haematol 2020; 144:24-33. [PMID: 32408305 DOI: 10.1159/000505992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a haematological malignancy arising from monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow, resulting in the presence of paraproteins or M-protein in serum. The involvement of paraproteins produced by malignant plasma cells in the development of hyperlipidaemia and low-HDL cholesterol has been described, as has an association with MM and obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and insulin resistance, that is, features of the metabolic syndrome (MS). There is an association between MS components, inflammatory cytokines, and the development of MM, and some drugs used in the treatment of MS such as statins and metformin may improve outcomes in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie C Ragbourne
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Guys and St Thomas's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Negar Maghsoodi
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Guys and St Thomas's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Streetly
- Department of Haematology, Guys and St Thomas's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin A Crook
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Guy's and St Thomas' and Lewisham and Greenwich Trust, London, United Kingdom,
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27
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Lind J, Czernilofsky F, Vallet S, Podar K. Emerging protein kinase inhibitors for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2019; 24:133-152. [PMID: 31327278 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2019.1647165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Significant advances have been made during the last two decades in terms of new therapeutic options but also of innovative approaches to diagnosis and management of multiple myeloma (MM). While patient survival has been significantly prolonged, most patients relapse. Including the milestone approval of the first kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate for CML in 2001, 48 small molecule protein kinase (PK) inhibitors have entered clinical practice until now. However, no PK inhibitor has been approved for MM therapy yet. Areas covered: This review article summarizes up-to-date knowledge on the pathophysiologic role of PKs in MM. Derived small molecules targeting receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), the Ras/Raf/MEK/MAPK- pathway, the PI3K/Akt/mTOR- pathway as well as Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), Aurora kinases (AURK), and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are most promising. Preclinical as well as early clinical data focusing on these molecules will be presented and critically reviewed. Expert opinion: Current MM therapy is directed against general vulnerabilities. Novel therapeutic strategies, inhibition of PKs in particular, are directed to target tumor-specific driver aberrations such as genetic abnormalities and microenvironment-driven deregulations. Results of ongoing Precision Medicine trials with PK inhibitors alone or in combination with other agents are eagerly awaited and hold the promise of once more improving MM patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Lind
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Krems, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences , Krems an der Donau , Austria
| | - Felix Czernilofsky
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Krems, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences , Krems an der Donau , Austria
| | - Sonia Vallet
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Krems, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences , Krems an der Donau , Austria
| | - Klaus Podar
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Krems, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences , Krems an der Donau , Austria
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28
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The synergistic effect of PFK15 with metformin exerts anti-myeloma activity via PFKFB3. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 515:332-338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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29
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Fairfield H, Falank C, Farrell M, Vary C, Boucher JM, Driscoll H, Liaw L, Rosen CJ, Reagan MR. Development of a 3D bone marrow adipose tissue model. Bone 2019; 118:77-88. [PMID: 29366838 PMCID: PMC6062483 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the past twenty years, evidence has accumulated that biochemically and spatially defined networks of extracellular matrix, cellular components, and interactions dictate cellular differentiation, proliferation, and function in a variety of tissue and diseases. Modeling in vivo systems in vitro has been undeniably necessary, but when simplified 2D conditions rather than 3D in vitro models are used, the reliability and usefulness of the data derived from these models decreases. Thus, there is a pressing need to develop and validate reliable in vitro models to reproduce specific tissue-like structures and mimic functions and responses of cells in a more realistic manner for both drug screening/disease modeling and tissue regeneration applications. In adipose biology and cancer research, these models serve as physiologically relevant 3D platforms to bridge the divide between 2D cultures and in vivo models, bringing about more reliable and translationally useful data to accelerate benchtop to bedside research. Currently, no model has been developed for bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT), a novel adipose depot that has previously been overlooked as "filler tissue" but has more recently been recognized as endocrine-signaling and systemically relevant. Herein we describe the development of the first 3D, BMAT model derived from either human or mouse bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). We found that BMAT models can be stably cultured for at least 3 months in vitro, and that myeloma cells (5TGM1, OPM2 and MM1S cells) can be cultured on these for at least 2 weeks. Upon tumor cell co-culture, delipidation occurred in BMAT adipocytes, suggesting a bidirectional relationship between these two important cell types in the malignant BM niche. Overall, our studies suggest that 3D BMAT represents a "healthier," more realistic tissue model that may be useful for elucidating the effects of MAT on tumor cells, and tumor cells on MAT, to identify novel therapeutic targets. In addition, proteomic characterization as well as microarray data (expression of >22,000 genes) coupled with KEGG pathway analysis and gene set expression analysis (GSEA) supported our development of less-inflammatory 3D BMAT compared to 2D culture. In sum, we developed the first 3D, tissue-engineered bone marrow adipose tissue model, which is a versatile, novel model that can be used to study numerous diseases and biological processes involved with the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Fairfield
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA; University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME 04469, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Carolyne Falank
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA; University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME 04469, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Mariah Farrell
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA; University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME 04469, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Calvin Vary
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA; University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME 04469, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Joshua M Boucher
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA; University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME 04469, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Heather Driscoll
- Vermont Genetics Network, Department of Biology, Norwich University, 158 Harmon Drive, Northfield, VT 05663, USA
| | - Lucy Liaw
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA; University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME 04469, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA; University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME 04469, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Michaela R Reagan
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA; University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME 04469, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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30
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Jin K, Ruan L, Pu J, Zhong A, Wang F, Tan S, Huang H, Mu J, Yang G. Metformin suppresses growth and adrenocorticotrophic hormone secretion in mouse pituitary corticotroph tumor AtT20 cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 478:53-61. [PMID: 30025915 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary corticotroph tumors lead to excess adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) secretion, resulting in Cushing's disease (CD), which is associated with significant mortality. Standard treatments include neurosurgery, radiotherapy and medical therapy. Both surgery and radiotherapy have undesirable complications and high recurrence rates. At present, there is only one medical option available that targets pituitary adenoma and ACTH secretion, the drug pasireotide. However, hyperglycemia is common during pasireotide treatment. In addition, some patients have discontinued pasireotide treatment because of hyperglycemia-related adverse events or uncontrolled diabetes. New medical treatments directly targeting the corticotroph cells and suppressing ACTH secretion are urgently required. Metformin is a commonly used antidiabetic drug that has been widely used to control the hyperglycemia that occurs in patients with CD, which is secondary to both cortisol excess and pasireotide treatment. Recent studies suggest that metformin has direct anticancer activities against many tumor cell lines. In the present study, we investigated whether metformin exerts an anti-tumor effect by directly targeting pituitary corticotroph tumors and exploring the underlying mechanisms. Using the mouse corticotroph tumor cells, AtT20 cells, we report that metformin inhibited cell proliferation, promoted cell apoptosis and decreased ACTH secretion but did not block the cell cycle in cells. The apoptosis induced by metformin was accompanied by increased caspase-3 activity. Meanwhile, metformin down-regulated the anti-apoptotic protein B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) but up-regulated the pro-apoptotic protein Bcl2-associated X (BAX), which suggests the involvement of the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis pathway. Furthermore, metformin promoted AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation but inhibited insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) expression, protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) phosphorylation and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation. Finally, the IGF-1R inhibitor picropodophyllin (PPP) significantly inhibited the cell proliferation of AtT20 cells. We conclude that metformin inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in AtT20 cells by activating AMPK/mTOR and inhibiting IGF-1R/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. Metformin may have direct antitumor activity against pituitary corticotroph tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lunliang Ruan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiujun Pu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ailing Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Fuchao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Song Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiamin Mu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Tomasson MH, Ali M, De Oliveira V, Xiao Q, Jethava Y, Zhan F, Fitzsimmons AM, Bates ML. Prevention Is the Best Treatment: The Case for Understanding the Transition from Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance to Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3621. [PMID: 30453544 PMCID: PMC6274834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is an invariably fatal cancer of plasma cells. Despite tremendous advances in treatment, this malignancy remains incurable in most individuals. We postulate that strategies aimed at prevention have the potential to be more effective in preventing myeloma-related death than additional pharmaceutical strategies aimed at treating advanced disease. Here, we present a rationale for the development of prevention therapy and highlight potential target areas of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Tomasson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant Division, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Mahmoud Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant Division, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Vanessa De Oliveira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant Division, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Health Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Yogesh Jethava
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant Division, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Fenghuang Zhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant Division, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Adam M Fitzsimmons
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Melissa L Bates
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
- Department of Health Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA 52242, USA.
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer are correlated with changes in insulin signaling, a pathway that is frequently upregulated in neoplastic tissue but impaired in tissues that are classically targeted by insulin in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Many antidiabetes treatments, particularly metformin, enhance insulin signaling, but this pathway can be inhibited by specific cancer treatments. The modulation of cancer growth by metformin and of insulin sensitivity by anticancer drugs is so common that this phenomenon is being studied in hundreds of clinical trials on cancer. Many meta-analyses have consistently shown a moderate but direct effect of body mass index on the incidence of multiple myeloma and lymphoma and the elevated risk of leukemia in adults. Moreover, new epidemiological and preclinical studies indicate metformin as a therapeutic agent in patients with leukemia, lymphomas, and multiple myeloma. In this article, we review current findings on the anticancer activities of metformin and the underlying mechanisms from preclinical and ongoing studies in hematologic malignancies.
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Wang Y, Xu W, Yan Z, Zhao W, Mi J, Li J, Yan H. Metformin induces autophagy and G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest in myeloma by targeting the AMPK/mTORC1 and mTORC2 pathways. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:63. [PMID: 29554968 PMCID: PMC5859411 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Metformin is a commonly used drug for the treatment of diabetes. Accumulating evidence suggests that it exerts anti-tumor effects in many cancers, including multiple myeloma (MM); however, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been clearly elucidated. Methods The anti-myeloma effects of metformin were evaluated using human MM cell lines (RPMI8226 and U266) in vitro and in vivo NOD-SCID murine xenograft MM model. Cell viability was assessed with CCK8 and cell proliferation was measured by EdU incorporation assay. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were examined by flow cytometry. Transmission electron microscopy was used to visualized autophagosomes. Activation of AMPK and inhibition of mTORC1/C2 pathways was assessed by Western blot analysis. RPMI8226 cells and U266 cell lines with AMPK knockdown were generated by transfection with small interfering RNA targeting the AMPK-α1 and α2 subunits using Lipofectamine 2000 reagent. Results Metformin effectively inhibited the proliferation of MM cell lines, an effect that was associated with the induction of autophagy and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, but not apoptosis. Metformin activated AMPK and repressed both mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling pathways in myeloma cells as well as downstream molecular signaling pathways, such as p-4EBP1 and p-AKT. AMPK activation resulted in direct phosphorylation and activation of tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2), leading to inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). In addition, metformin inhibited myeloma cell growth in an AMPK-dependent manner. The xenograft mouse model further confirmed that metformin inhibited tumor growth by upregulation of AMPK and downregulation of mTOR. Conclusions Metformin inhibits the proliferation of myeloma cells by inducing autophagy and cell-cycle arrest. Our results suggest that the molecular mechanism involves dual repression of mTORC1 and mTORC2 pathways via AMPK activation. Our study provides a theoretical basis for the development of novel strategies for the treatment of MM using metformin as an already approved and safe drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of hematology, Rui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, No. 197 Rui-Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wenbin Xu
- Department of hematology, Rui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, No. 197 Rui-Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zixun Yan
- Department of hematology, Rui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, No. 197 Rui-Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Weili Zhao
- Department of hematology, Rui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, No. 197 Rui-Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jianqing Mi
- Department of hematology, Rui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, No. 197 Rui-Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Junmin Li
- Department of hematology, Rui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, No. 197 Rui-Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Department of hematology, Rui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, No. 197 Rui-Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Abramson HN. Kinase inhibitors as potential agents in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:81926-81968. [PMID: 27655636 PMCID: PMC5348443 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the number of therapeutic options available for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) - from immunomodulating agents to proteasome inhibitors to histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors and, most recently, monoclonal antibodies. Used in conjunction with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, these modalities have nearly doubled the disease's five-year survival rate over the last three decades to about 50%. In spite of these advances, MM still is considered incurable as resistance and relapse are common. While small molecule protein kinase inhibitors have made inroads in the therapy of a number of cancers, to date their application to MM has been less than successful. Focusing on MM, this review examines the roles played by a number of kinases in driving the malignant state and the rationale for target development in the design of a number of kinase inhibitors that have demonstrated anti-myeloma activity in both in vitro and in vivo xenograph models, as well as those that have entered clinical trials. Among the targets and their inhibitors examined are receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinases, cell cycle control kinases, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway kinases, protein kinase C, mitogen-activated protein kinase, glycogen synthase kinase, casein kinase, integrin-linked kinase, sphingosine kinase, and kinases involved in the unfolded protein response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanley N Abramson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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35
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He D, Guo X, Zhang E, Zi F, Chen J, Chen Q, Lin X, Yang L, Li Y, Wu W, Yang Y, He J, Cai Z. Quercetin induces cell apoptosis of myeloma and displays a synergistic effect with dexamethasone in vitro and in vivo xenograft models. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45489-45499. [PMID: 27329589 PMCID: PMC5216736 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin, a kind of dietary flavonoid, has shown its anticancer activity in many kinds of cancers including hematological malignancies (acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and MM) in vitro and in vivo. However, its effects on MM need further investigation. In this study, MM cell lines were treated with quercetin alone or in combination with dexamethasone. In order to observe the effects in vivo, a xenograft model of human myeloma was established. Quercetin inhibited proliferation of MM cells (RPMI8226, ARP-1, and MM.1R) by inducing cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and apoptosis. Western blot showed that quercetin downregulated c-myc expression and upregulated p21 expression. Quercetin also activated caspase-3, caspase-9, and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase 1. Caspase inhibitors partially blocked apoptosis induced by quercetin. Furthermore, quercetin combined with dexamethasone significantly increased MM cell apoptosis. In vivo xenograft models, quercetin obviously inhibited tumor growth. Caspase-3 was activated to a greater extent when quercetin was combined with dexamethasone. In conclusion, quercetin alone or in combination with dexamethasone may be an effective therapy for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghua He
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xing Guo
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Enfan Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fuming Zi
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingxiao Chen
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuanru Lin
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Yang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjun Wu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingsong He
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen Cai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Zi F, Zi H, Li Y, He J, Shi Q, Cai Z. Metformin and cancer: An existing drug for cancer prevention and therapy. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:683-690. [PMID: 29422962 PMCID: PMC5772929 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a standard clinical drug used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and polycystic ovary syndrome. Recently, epidemiological studies and meta-analyses have revealed that patients with T2DM have a lower incidence of tumor development than healthy controls and that patients diagnosed with cancer have a lower risk of mortality when treated with metformin, demonstrating an association between metformin and tumorigenesis. In vivo and in vitro studies have revealed that metformin has a direct antitumor effect, which may depress tumor proliferation and induce the apoptosis, autophagy and cell cycle arrest of tumor cells. The mechanism underpinning the antitumor effect of metformin has not been well established. Studies have demonstrated that reducing insulin and insulin-like growth factor levels in the peripheral blood circulation may lead to the inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling or activation of AMP-activated protein kinase, which inhibits mTOR signaling, a process that may be associated with the antitumor effect of metformin. The present review primarily focuses on the recent progress in understanding the function of metformin in tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuming Zi
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, P.R. China
| | - Huapu Zi
- Department of Oncology, Rizhao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Shandong Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Rizhao, Shandong 276800, P.R. China
| | - Yi Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jingsong He
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Qingzhi Shi
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Cai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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37
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Zhang JW, Zhao F, Sun Q. Metformin synergizes with rapamycin to inhibit the growth of pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:1811-1816. [PMID: 29434877 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that metformin may improve the survival rate of patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) by regulating the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Rapamycin specifically targets mTOR. In the present study, the efficacy of metformin and rapamycin in isolation and combination were investigated for the treatment of PC. The efficacy of metformin and rapamycin in reducing the proliferation of PC cell line SW1990 in vitro and in vivo was evaluated. It was revealed that metformin (10 mmol/l) + rapamycin (2 ng/ml), metformin (15 mmol/l) + rapamycin (20 ng/ml) and metformin (20 mmol/l) + rapamycin (200 ng/ml) significantly inhibited the viability of PC cells compared with untreated cells. Additionally, metformin (20 mmol/l) + rapamycin (200 ng/ml) significantly suppressed the expression of phosphorylated mTOR compared with metformin or rapamycin alone. Using a xenograft tumor model, it was revealed that combination treatment significantly inhibited the growth of PC cells compared with monotherapy. The present study revealed that a combination of metformin and rapamycin synergistically inhibited the growth of PC in vitro and in vivo and may be a potential treatment option for patients with PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Fan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Qing Sun
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
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38
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BAFF is involved in macrophage-induced bortezomib resistance in myeloma. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3161. [PMID: 29095438 PMCID: PMC5775406 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to characterize the role of B-cell activating factor (BAFF) in macrophage-mediated resistance of multiple myeloma (MM) cells to bortezomib (bort), and to further understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the process. First, we detected BAFF and its three receptors on myeloma cells and macrophages using the quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry. The secretion of BAFF was tested in patients with MM, MM cell lines, and macrophages. The ability of macrophages to protect MM cells from bort-induced apoptosis was significantly attenuated using BAFF-neutralizing antibody in the co-culture system or knocking down the expression of BAFF in macrophages with small interfering RNA. We also showed that the MM–macrophage interaction through BAFF and its receptors was primarily mediated by the activation of Src, Erk1/2, Akt, and nuclear factor kappa B signaling and the suppression of caspase activation induced by bort. Our data demonstrated that BAFF played a functional role in the macrophage-mediated resistance of MM cells to bort, suggesting that targeting BAFF may provide a basis for the molecular- and immune-targeted therapeutic approach.
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39
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Mohamed Suhaimi NA, Phyo WM, Yap HY, Choy SHY, Wei X, Choudhury Y, Tan WJ, Tan LAPY, Foo RSY, Tan SHS, Tiang Z, Wong CF, Koh PK, Tan MH. Metformin Inhibits Cellular Proliferation and Bioenergetics in Colorectal Cancer Patient-Derived Xenografts. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:2035-2044. [PMID: 28533437 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing preclinical evidence suggesting that metformin, an antidiabetic drug, has anticancer properties against various malignancies, including colorectal cancer. However, the majority of evidence, which was derived from cancer cell lines and xenografts, was likely to overestimate the benefit of metformin because these models are inadequate and require supraphysiologic levels of metformin. Here, we generated patient-derived xenograft (PDX) lines from 2 colorectal cancer patients to assess the properties of metformin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), the first-line drug treatment for colorectal cancer. Metformin (150 mg/kg) as a single agent inhibits the growth of both PDX tumors by at least 50% (P < 0.05) when administered orally for 24 days. In one of the PDX models, metformin given concurrently with 5-FU (25 mg/kg) leads to an 85% (P = 0.054) growth inhibition. Ex vivo culture of organoids generated from PDX demonstrates that metformin inhibits growth by executing metabolic changes to decrease oxygen consumption and activating AMPK-mediated pathways. In addition, we also performed genetic characterizations of serial PDX samples with corresponding parental tissues from patients using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Our pilot NGS study demonstrates that PDX represents a useful platform for analysis in cancer research because it demonstrates high fidelity with parental tumor. Furthermore, NGS analysis of PDX may be useful to determine genetic identifiers of drug response. This is the first preclinical study using PDX and PDX-derived organoids to investigate the efficacy of metformin in colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(9); 2035-44. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wai Min Phyo
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hao Yun Yap
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Xiaona Wei
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yukti Choudhury
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wai Jin Tan
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Roger Sik Yin Foo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health Systems, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | - Min-Han Tan
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology Singapore, Singapore. .,Concord Cancer Hospital Singapore, Singapore.,National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
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40
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Voltan R, Rimondi E, Melloni E, Gilli P, Bertolasi V, Casciano F, Rigolin GM, Zauli G, Secchiero P. Metformin combined with sodium dichloroacetate promotes B leukemic cell death by suppressing anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1. Oncotarget 2017; 7:18965-77. [PMID: 26959881 PMCID: PMC4951344 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin and the mitochondrial targeting dichloroacetate (DCA) have recently received attention due to their ability to inhibit anaerobic glycolysis, which renders most cancer cells resistant to apoptosis induction. We observed that Metformin alone exhibited a dose-dependent anti-leukemic activity in both B leukemic cell lines and primary B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) patients' cells and its anti-leukemic activity was enhanced when used in combination with DCA. In order to overcome the problems of poor bioavailability and cellular uptake, which limit DCA efficacy, we have designed and synthetized cocrystals consisting of Metformin and DCA (Met-DCA) at different stoichiometric ratios. Of note, the MetH(2)(++)•2DCA(-) cocrystal exhibited enhanced in vitro anti-leukemic activity, with respect to the treatment with the mix consisting of Metformin plus DCA. In particular, the treatment with the cocrystal MetH(2)(++)•2DCA(-) induced a synergistic apoptotic cell death coupled to a marked down-modulation of the anti-apoptotic Mcl-1 protein. Taken together, our data emphasize that innovative compounds based on Metformin-DCA combination merit to be further evaluated as chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of B-CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Voltan
- Department of Morphology, Surgery, Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Erika Rimondi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Melloni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery, Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Gilli
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valerio Bertolasi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabio Casciano
- Department of Morphology, Surgery, Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gian Matteo Rigolin
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara-Arcispedale S. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery, Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Secchiero
- Department of Morphology, Surgery, Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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41
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Lei Y, Yi Y, Liu Y, Liu X, Keller ET, Qian CN, Zhang J, Lu Y. Metformin targets multiple signaling pathways in cancer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2017; 36:17. [PMID: 28126011 PMCID: PMC5270304 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-017-0184-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metformin, an inexpensive and well-tolerated oral agent commonly used in the first-line treatment of type 2 diabetes, has become the focus of intense research as a candidate anticancer agent. Here, we discuss the potential of metformin in cancer therapeutics, particularly its functions in multiple signaling pathways, including AMP-activated protein kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, insulin-like growth factor, c-Jun N-terminal kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, and nuclear factor kappaB pathways. In addition, cutting-edge targeting of cancer stem cells by metformin is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Lei
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Ageing-related Diseases, Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, P. R. China.,Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 14th Floor, Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences Building, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yanhua Yi
- School for International Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Ageing-related Diseases, Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, P. R. China.,Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 14th Floor, Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences Building, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Xia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Ageing-related Diseases, Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, P. R. China.,Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 14th Floor, Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences Building, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Evan T Keller
- Department of Urology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Chao-Nan Qian
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Ageing-related Diseases, Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, P. R. China. .,Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 14th Floor, Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences Building, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, P. R. China. .,Department of Urology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Ageing-related Diseases, Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, P. R. China. .,Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 14th Floor, Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences Building, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, P. R. China.
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Tong K, Xin C, Chen W. Isoimperatorin induces apoptosis of the SGC-7901 human gastric cancer cell line via the mitochondria-mediated pathway. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:518-524. [PMID: 28123591 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the antiproliferative activity of isoimperatorin against SGC-7901 cells and to examine the possible mechanisms. The antiproliferative activity of isoimperatorin against SGC-7901 cells was evaluated using an MTT assay, and the mechanisms were investigated using flow cytometry and western blot assays, which were used to determine the apoptotic rate and expression levels of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis-associated proteins, including Survivin, myeloid leukemia cell-1 (Mcl-1), B cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xl), B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (Smac), Bcl-2-associated X factor (Bax), cleaved (c)-caspase-3 and c-caspase-9 in SGC-7901 cells. Additionally, a xenograft assay was used to confirm whether isoimperatorin had an inhibitory effect on SGC-7901 cell-induced tumors in vivo. The results of the MTT assay suggested that isoimperatorin significantly inhibited the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and the half maximal inhibitory concentration was 18.75 µg/ml. The results of the flow cytometric analysis indicated that, following treatment with isoimperatorin, the apoptotic rate of SGC-7901 cells was significantly increased, compared with that of cells in the control group. The results of the western blot analysis indicated that, following treatment with isoimperatorin, the expression levels of the pro-apoptotic proteins, Bax, c-caspase-3 and c-caspase-9, were significantly increased and the expression levels of the anti-apoptotic proteins, Survivin and Bcl-2, were significantly reduced, compared with the control group. No alterations in expression were found in the other apoptosis-associated proteins, including Mcl-1, Bcl-xl and Smac. The results of the xenograft assay indicated that isoimperatorin significantly inhibited the growth of SGC-7901 cell-induced tumor in vivo by increasing the expression levels of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, c-caspase-3 and c-caspase-9) and reducing the expression levels of anti-apoptotic proteins (Survivin and Bcl-2) without adverse effects on the increasing body weight of nude mice. In conclusion, the present study revealed that isoimperatorin may be able to induce the apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells in vitro and in vivo by regulating the expression levels of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehui Tong
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Yinzhou People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Chang Xin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Yinzhou People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Wenzhong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Yinzhou People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
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43
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Abstract
The recent recognition of the clinical association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and several types of human cancer has been further highlighted by reports of antidiabetic drugs treating or promoting cancer. At the cellular level, a plethora of molecules operating within distinct signaling pathways suggests cross-talk between the multiple pathways at the interface of the diabetes–cancer link. Additionally, a growing body of emerging evidence implicates homeostatic pathways that may become imbalanced during the pathogenesis of T2D or cancer or that become chronically deregulated by prolonged drug administration, leading to the development of cancer in diabetes and vice versa. This notion underscores the importance of combining clinical and basic mechanistic studies not only to unravel mechanisms of disease development but also to understand mechanisms of drug action. In turn, this may help the development of personalized strategies in which drug doses and administration durations are tailored to individual cases at different stages of the disease progression to achieve more efficacious treatments that undermine the diabetes–cancer association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavica Tudzarova
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E6BT, UK
| | - Mahasin A Osman
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Pharmacology and Biotechnology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 Department of Chemistry and Forensic Sciences, College of Sciences and Technology, Savannah State University, Savannah, GA 41404
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Lu Y, Wu D, Wang J, Li Y, Chai X, Kang Q. miR-320a regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis in multiple myeloma by targeting pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 3. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:1315-1320. [PMID: 27086852 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is implicated in cancer development and progression. While miR-320a is reported to be deregulated in many malignancy types, its biological role in multiple myeloma (MM) remains unclear. Here, we observed reduced expression of miR-320a in MM samples and cell lines. Ectopic expression of miR-320a dramatically suppressed cell viability and clonogenicity and induced apoptosis in vitro. Mechanistic investigation led to the identification of Pre-B-cellleukemia transcription factor 3 (PBX3) as a novel and direct downstream target of miR-320a. Interestingly, reintroduction of PBX3 abrogated miR-320a-induced MM cell growth inhibition and apoptosis. In a mouse xenograft model, miR-320a overexpression inhibited tumorigenicity and promoted apoptosis. Our findings collectively indicate that miR-320a inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in MM cells by directly targeting PBX3, supporting its utility as a novel and potential therapeutic agent for miRNA-based MM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghao Lu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Under Ministry of Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou, 215006, China; Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, The Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Center of Guizhou Province, Blood Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Depei Wu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Under Ministry of Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Jishi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, The Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Center of Guizhou Province, Blood Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, The Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Center of Guizhou Province, Blood Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xiao Chai
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, The Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Center of Guizhou Province, Blood Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Qian Kang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, The Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Center of Guizhou Province, Blood Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, China
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Othman AA, Abou Rayia DM, Ashour DS, Saied EM, Zineldeen DH, El-Ebiary AA. Atorvastatin and metformin administration modulates experimental Trichinella spiralis infection. Parasitol Int 2015; 65:105-12. [PMID: 26546571 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The host-parasite interaction can be altered by the changes in the host environment that may be or may not be in favor of successful invasion by the nematode parasite Trichinella spiralis. Metformin and atorvastatin are applied on a wide scale, to the degree that they could be considered as part of the host biochemical environment that can affect the parasite. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of alteration of the host's biochemical environment by these commonly used drugs upon the course of T. spiralis infection. Mice were divided into three groups: (1) received atorvastatin, (2) received metformin, and (3) untreated, then after one week, animals were infected with T. spiralis. The treatment continued until the end of the experiment. From each group, small intestines and muscles were removed for histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical analyses as well as total muscle larval counts. We found that the oxidative stress and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the muscles were significantly reduced in both drug-receiving groups, while the total larval counts in muscles were only significantly reduced in atorvastatin-receiving group as compared to the infected control group. Moreover, marked reduction in the inflammatory cellular infiltration, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, and oxidative stress was noted in the small intestines of the treated groups as compared to the infected control group. In conclusion, this study provides many insights into the different biochemical changes in the host that the parasite has to face. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects should be taken into consideration when treating infections in patients on therapy with atorvastatin or metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A Othman
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, Egypt.
| | - Dina M Abou Rayia
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, Egypt
| | - Dalia S Ashour
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, Egypt
| | - Eman M Saied
- Department of Pathology, Kafr El-Sheikh Faculty of Medicine, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmad A El-Ebiary
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, Egypt
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Drug-repositioning opportunities for cancer therapy: novel molecular targets for known compounds. Drug Discov Today 2015; 21:190-199. [PMID: 26456577 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Drug repositioning is gaining increasing attention in drug discovery because it represents a smart way to exploit new molecular targets of a known drug or target promiscuity among diverse diseases, for medical uses different from the one originally considered. In this review, we focus on known non-oncological drugs with new therapeutic applications in oncology, explaining the rationale behind this approach and providing practical evidence. Moving from incompleteness of the knowledge of drug-target interactions, particularly for older molecules, we highlight opportunities for repurposing compounds as cancer therapeutics, underling the biologically and clinically relevant affinities for new targets. Ideal candidates for repositioning can contribute to the therapeutically unmet need for more-efficient anticancer agents, including drugs that selectively target cancer stem cells.
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Metformin inhibits the proliferation, metastasis, and cancer stem-like sphere formation in osteosarcoma MG63 cells in vitro. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:9873-83. [PMID: 26164004 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3751-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is an oral drug that has been widely used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. Interestingly, accumulated evidence indicate that metformin may reduce the risk of cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes and inhibit tumor cell growth and survival in numerous malignancies, including osteosarcoma (OS) cells. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of metformin on the proliferation, migration, invasion, and sphere formation in OS MG63 cells in vitro. Metformin suppressed OS MG63 cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner and markedly blocked anti-metastatic potentials, migration, and invasion, by downregulating matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and MMP9. Besides, we established OS cancer stem-like cell (CSC) model with sarcosphere formation assay and demonstrated that metformin posed damage on CSCs in OS by inhibiting sphere formation and by inducing their stemness loss. The stemness of CSCs in OS such as self-renewal and differentiation potentials was both impaired with a significant decrease of Oct-4 and Nanog activation. Consistent with this, the positive rates of CD90, CD133, and stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) were all observed with reductions in response to metformin exposure. In addition, Western blot showed that metformin activated AMPKα at Tyr172, followed by a downregulated phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/S6 and feedback activation of p-AKT Ser(473) in both OS MG63 cells and CSCs. This indicates that AMPK/mTOR/S6 signaling pathway might be involved in the growth inhibition of both OS MG63 cells and CSCs. These results suggest that metformin, a potential anti-neoplastic agent, might make it a novel therapeutic choice for the treatment of OS in the future.
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Bonilla X, Dakir ELH, Mollinedo F, Gajate C. Endoplasmic reticulum targeting in Ewing's sarcoma by the alkylphospholipid analog edelfosine. Oncotarget 2015; 6:14596-613. [PMID: 25999349 PMCID: PMC4546490 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing's sarcoma (ES) is the second most common bone cancer in children and young people. Edelfosine (1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine) is the prototype of a family of synthetic antitumor compounds, collectively known as alkylphospholipid analogs (APLs). We have found that APLs ranked edelfosine>perifosine>erucylphosphocholine>miltefosine for their capacity to promote apoptosis in ES cells. Edelfosine accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and triggered an ER stress response that eventually led to caspase-dependent apoptosis in ES cells. This apoptotic response involved mitochondrial-mediated processes, with cytochrome c release, caspase-9 activation and generation of reactive oxygen species. Edelfosine-induced apoptosis was also dependent on sustained c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activation. Oral administration of edelfosine showed a potent in vivo antitumor activity in an ES xenograft animal model. Histochemical staining gave evidence for ER stress response and apoptosis in the ES tumors isolated from edelfosine-treated mice. Edelfosine showed a preferential action on ES tumor cells as compared to non-transformed osteoblasts, and appeared to be well suited for combination therapy regimens. These results demonstrate in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of edelfosine against ES cells that is mediated by caspase activation and ER stress, and provide the proof of concept for a putative edelfosine- and ER stress-mediated approach forES treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Bonilla
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
| | - EL-Habib Dakir
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Faustino Mollinedo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Consuelo Gajate
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Kawaguchi T, Hayakawa M, Koga H, Torimura T. Effects of fucoidan on proliferation, AMP-activated protein kinase, and downstream metabolism- and cell cycle-associated molecules in poorly differentiated human hepatoma HLF cells. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:2216-22. [PMID: 25776104 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival rates are low in patients with poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide derived from brown seaweed, has anticancer activity; however, the effects of fucoidan on poorly differentiated HCC remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of fucoidan on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a proliferation regulator, and its downstream metabolism- and cell cycle-related molecules in a poorly differentiated human hepatoma HLF cell line. HLF cells were treated with fucoidan (10, 50, or 100 µg/ml; n=4) or phosphate buffered saline (control; n=4) for 96 h. Proliferation was evaluated by counting cells every 24 h. AMPK, TSC2, mTOR, GSK3β, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), ATP-citrate lyase, p53, cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4, and CDK6 expression and/or phosphorylation were examined by immunoblotting 24 h after treatment with 100 µg/ml fucoidan. Cell cycle progression was analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorter 48 h after treatment. Treatment with 50 or 100 µg/ml fucoidan significantly and dose- and time-dependently suppressed HLF cell proliferation (P<0.0001). Fucoidan induced AMPK phosphorylation on Ser172 24 h after treatment. Although no differences were seen in expression and phosphorylation levels of TSC2, mTOR, GSK3β, ATP-citrate lyase, and p53 between the control and fucoidan-treated HLF cells, fucoidan induced ACC phosphorylation on Ser79. Moreover, fucoidan decreased cyclin D1, CDK4 and CDK6 expression 24 h after treatment. Furthermore, HLF cells were arrested in the G1/S phase 48 h after fucoidan treatment. We demonstrated that fucoidan suppressed HLF cell proliferation with AMPK phosphorylation. We showed that fucoidan phosphorylated ACC and downregulated cyclin D1, CDK4 and CDK6 expression. Our findings suggest that fucoidan inhibits proliferation through AMPK-associated suppression of fatty acid synthesis and G1/S transition in HLF cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kawaguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Masako Hayakawa
- Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hironori Koga
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takuji Torimura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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