1
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Chinnappa K, Bai CDG, Srinivasan PP. Nanocellulose-stabilized nanocomposites for effective Hg(II) removal and detection: a comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:30288-30322. [PMID: 38619767 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Mercury pollution, with India ranked as the world's second-largest emitter, poses a critical environmental and public health challenge and underscores the need for rigorous research and effective mitigation strategies. Nanocellulose is derived from cellulose, the most abundant natural polymer on earth, and stands out as an excellent choice for mercury ion remediation due to its remarkable adsorption capacity, which is attributed to its high specific surface area and abundant functional groups, enabling efficient Hg(II) ion removal from contaminated water sources. This review paper investigates the compelling potential of nanocellulose as a scavenging tool for Hg(II) ion contamination. The comprehensive examination encompasses the fundamental attributes of nanocellulose, its diverse fabrication techniques, and the innovative development methods of nanocellulose-based nanocomposites. The paper further delves into the mechanisms that underlie Hg removal using nanocellulose, as well as the integration of nanocellulose in Hg detection methodologies, and also acknowledges the substantial challenges that lie ahead. This review aims to pave the way for sustainable solutions in mitigating Hg contamination using nanocellulose-based nanocomposites to address the global context of this environmental concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Chinnappa
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, OMR, Chennai, 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Pandi Prabha Srinivasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur Taluk, Chennai, 602117, Tamil Nadu, India
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2
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Chinga-Carrasco G, Pasquier E, Solberg A, Leirset I, Stevanic JS, Rosendahl J, Håkansson J. Carboxylated nanocellulose for wound healing applications - Increase of washing efficiency after chemical pre-treatment and stability of homogenized gels over 10 months. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 314:120923. [PMID: 37173022 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
To commercialize a biomedical product as a medical device, reproducibility of production and time-stability are important parameters. Studies of reproducibility are lacking in the literature. Additionally, chemical pre-treatments of wood fibres to produce highly fibrillated cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) seem to be demanding in terms of production efficiency, being a bottleneck for industrial upscaling. In this study, we evaluated the effect of pH on the dewatering time and washing steps of 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidinyloxy (TEMPO)-mediated oxidized wood fibres when applying 3.8 mmol NaClO/g cellulose. The results indicate that the method does not affect the carboxylation of the nanocelluloses, and levels of approximately 1390 μmol/g were obtained with good reproducibility. The washing time of a Low-pH sample was reduced to 1/5 of the time required for washing a Control sample. Additionally, the stability of the CNF samples was assessed over 10 months and changes were quantified, the most pronounced were the increase of potential residual fibre aggregates, reduction of viscosity and increase of carboxylic acid content. The cytotoxicity and skin irritation potential were not affected by the detected differences between the Control and Low-pH samples. Importantly, the antibacterial effect of the carboxylated CNFs against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Pasquier
- RISE PFI, Høgskoleringen 6b, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | | | - Jasna S Stevanic
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Material and Surface Design, Box 5604, 114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Rosendahl
- RISE Methodology, Textile and Medical Device, Biological Function unit, Box 857, 501 15 Borås, Sweden
| | - Joakim Håkansson
- RISE Methodology, Textile and Medical Device, Biological Function unit, Box 857, 501 15 Borås, Sweden; Gothenburg University, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
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3
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Improving properties of curdlan/nanocellulose blended film via optimizing drying temperature. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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4
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Szafraniec M, Grabias-Blicharz E, Barnat-Hunek D, Landis EN. A Critical Review on Modification Methods of Cement Composites with Nanocellulose and Reaction Conditions during Nanocellulose Production. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7706. [PMID: 36363297 PMCID: PMC9654582 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose (NC) is a natural polymer that has driven significant progress in recent years in the study of the mechanical properties of composites, including cement composites. Impressive mechanical properties, ability to compact the cement matrix, low density, biodegradability, and hydrophilicity of the surface of nanocellulose particles (which improves cement hydration) are some of the many benefits of using NCs in composite materials. The authors briefly presented a description of the types of NCs (including the latest, little-known shapes), showing the latest developments in their manufacture and modification. Moreover, NC challenges and opportunities are discussed to reveal its hidden potential, as well as the use of spherical and square/rectangular nanocellulose to modify cement composites. Intending to emphasize the beneficial use of NC in cementitious composites, this article discusses NC as an eco-friendly, low-cost, and efficient material, particularly for recycling readily available cellulosic waste. In view of the constantly growing interest in using renewable and waste materials in a wide range of applications, the authors hope to provide progress in using nanocellulose (NC) as a modifier for cement composites. Furthermore, this review highlights a gap in research regarding the preparation of new types of NCs, their application, and their impact on the properties of cementitious composites. Finally, the authors summarize and critically evaluate the type, dosage, and application method of NC, as well as the effects of these variables on the final properties of NC-derived cement composites. Nevertheless, this review article stresses up-to-date challenges for NC-based materials as well as future remarks in light of dwindling natural resources (including building materials), and the principles of a circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Szafraniec
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewelina Grabias-Blicharz
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Danuta Barnat-Hunek
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Eric N. Landis
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
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5
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Pawcenis D, Leśniak M, Szumera M, Sitarz M, Profic-Paczkowska J. Effect of hydrolysis time, pH and surfactant type on stability of hydrochloric acid hydrolyzed nanocellulose. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:1996-2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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6
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Nadeem H, Athar M, Dehghani M, Garnier G, Batchelor W. Recent advancements, trends, fundamental challenges and opportunities in spray deposited cellulose nanofibril films for packaging applications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155654. [PMID: 35508247 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plastic packaging is causing a serious environmental concern owing to its difficulty in degrading and micro-particulates' emissions. Developing biodegradable films has gained research attention to overcome ecological and health issues associated with plastic based packaging. One alternative substitute for petroleum-based plastic is nanocellulose based films, having distinguishing characteristics such as biodegradability, renewability, and non-toxicity. Nanocellulose is classified into three major types, i.e., cellulose nanofibril, cellulose nanocrystals, and bacterial nanocellulose. However, the scope of this review is limited to cellulose nanofibril (CNF) because this is the only one of major types that could be turned into film at a competitive cost with petroleum derived polymers. This paper provides a concise insight on the current trends and production methods of CNF. Additionally, the methods for transforming CNF into films are also discussed in this review. However, the focus of this review is the CNF films produced via spray deposition, their properties and applications, and fundamental challenges associated with their commercialization. Spray deposition or spray coating is an ideal candidate as a large-scale production technique of CNF films due to its remarkable features such as rapidity, flexibility, and continuity. Spray deposited CNF films exhibit excellent mechanical properties and oxygen barrier performance, while, possessing limited moisture barrier performance. The possible pathways to improve the moisture barrier performance and optical properties of these films are also discussed in this review. The existing publications on spray deposited CNF films are also highlighted from the literature. Finally, the current status of industrial production of these films and opportunities for academics and industries are also presented, indicating that fibre production capacity needs to be enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humayun Nadeem
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Muhammad Athar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Engineering and Technology, BCG Chowk, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Mostafa Dehghani
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Gil Garnier
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Warren Batchelor
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia.
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7
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Chinga-Carrasco G, Rosendahl J, Catalán J. Nanocelluloses - Nanotoxicology, Safety Aspects and 3D Bioprinting. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1357:155-177. [PMID: 35583644 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-88071-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanocelluloses have good rheological properties that facilitate the extrusion of nanocellulose gels in micro-extrusion systems. It is considered a highly relevant characteristic that makes it possible to use nanocellulose as an ink component for 3D bioprinting purposes. The nanocelluloses assessed in this book chapter include wood nanocellulose (WNC), bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), and tunicate nanocellulose (TNC), which are often assumed to be non-toxic. Depending on various chemical and mechanical processes, both cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) can be obtained from the three mentioned nanocelluloses (WNC, BNC, and TNC). Pre/post-treatment processes (chemical and mechanical) cause modifications regarding surface chemistry and nano-morphology. Hence, it is essential to understand whether physicochemical properties may affect the toxicological profile of nanocelluloses. In this book chapter, we provide an overview of nanotoxicology and safety aspects associated with nanocelluloses. Relevant regulatory requirements are considered. We also discuss hazard assessment strategies based on tiered approaches for safety testing, which can be applied in the early stages of the innovation process. Ensuring the safe development of nanocellulose-based 3D bioprinting products will enable full market use of these sustainable resources throughout their life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Rosendahl
- RISE, Division Materials and Production, Department Chemistry, Biomaterials and Textiles, Section Biological Function, Borås, Sweden
| | - Julia Catalán
- Occupational Safety, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Genetics, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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8
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Das R, Lindström T, Sharma PR, Chi K, Hsiao BS. Nanocellulose for Sustainable Water Purification. Chem Rev 2022; 122:8936-9031. [PMID: 35330990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanocelluloses (NC) are nature-based sustainable biomaterials, which not only possess cellulosic properties but also have the important hallmarks of nanomaterials, such as large surface area, versatile reactive sites or functionalities, and scaffolding stability to host inorganic nanoparticles. This class of nanomaterials offers new opportunities for a broad spectrum of applications for clean water production that were once thought impractical. This Review covers substantial discussions based on evaluative judgments of the recent literature and technical advancements in the fields of coagulation/flocculation, adsorption, photocatalysis, and membrane filtration for water decontamination through proper understanding of fundamental knowledge of NC, such as purity, crystallinity, surface chemistry and charge, suspension rheology, morphology, mechanical properties, and film stability. To supplement these, discussions on low-cost and scalable NC extraction, new characterizations including solution small-angle X-ray scattering evaluation, and structure-property relationships of NC are also reviewed. Identifying knowledge gaps and drawing perspectives could generate guidance to overcome uncertainties associated with the adaptation of NC-enabled water purification technologies. Furthermore, the topics of simultaneous removal of multipollutants disposal and proper handling of post/spent NC are discussed. We believe NC-enabled remediation nanomaterials can be integrated into a broad range of water treatments, greatly improving the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasel Das
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Tom Lindström
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States.,KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden
| | - Priyanka R Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Kai Chi
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Benjamin S Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
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9
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Ferreira PJT, Lourenço AF. Nanocelluloses: Production, Characterization and Market. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1357:129-151. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-88071-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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10
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Liu K, Du H, Liu W, Liu H, Zhang M, Xu T, Si C. Cellulose Nanomaterials for Oil Exploration Applications. POLYM REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2021.2007121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Haishun Du
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Huayu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuanling Si
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
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11
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D'Acierno F, Ohashi R, Hamad WY, Michal CA, MacLachlan MJ. Thermal annealing of iridescent cellulose nanocrystal films. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 272:118468. [PMID: 34420727 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The properties of chiral nematic and iridescent cellulose nanocrystal films with different monovalent cations (CNC-X) obtained through evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) can be modified by a variety of external stimuli. Here, we study the transformations of their optical and structural properties when the films are thermally annealed at 200 °C and 240 °C for up to 2 days. The chiral nematic structure of the most thermally stable films is not destroyed even after extensive heating due to the thermochemical stability of the cellulose backbone and the presence of surface alkali counterions, which suppress catalysis of early stage degradation. Despite the resilience of the cholesteric structure and the overall integrity of heated CNC-X films, thermal annealing is often accompanied by reduction of iridescence, birefringence, and transparency, as well as formation of degradation products. The versatility, sustainability, and stability of CNC-X films highlight their potential as temperature indicators and photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco D'Acierno
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada; Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Rd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Ryutaro Ohashi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Wadood Y Hamad
- Transformation and Interfaces Group, Bioproducts Innovation Centre of Excellence, FPInnovations, 2665 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Carl A Michal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada; Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Rd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Mark J MacLachlan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada; Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; BioProducts Institute, University of British Columbia, 2385 Agronomy Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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12
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Influence of Formate Concentration on the Rheology and Thermal Degradation of Xanthan Gum. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193378. [PMID: 34641193 PMCID: PMC8512866 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthan gum solutions have gained increasing interest for their use as environmentally friendly chemicals in the oil industry. Xanthan is compatible with most concentrate brines used for controlling formation damage and fluid loss. Particularly, formate brines reinforce the ordered structure of the biopolymer in solution, gel strength, and the specific gravity of the resulting fluid. In this paper, we studied the effect of thermal aging on the rheological behavior of xanthan solutions as a function of the concentration in potassium formate. Ionic strength below a threshold concentration does not prevent the degradation of the structure of xanthan after being submitted to aging at 165 °C. Aged solutions show an important loss of strength in their mechanical properties, lower pH, and higher content in furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural. Highly concentrated formate brines are necessary to maintain the strength of the rheological properties after exposure to high-temperature environments.
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13
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Impact of the Enzyme Charge on the Production and Morphological Features of Cellulose Nanofibrils. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193238. [PMID: 34641054 PMCID: PMC8512821 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The available research does not allow specific relationships to be established between the applied enzymatic-mechanical treatment, the degree of polymerization, and the characteristics of the cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) produced. This work aims to establish specific relationships between the intensity of enzymatic treatment, the degree of polymerization of the cellulose, the morphology of CNFs, and the tensile strength of the CNF films. It is determined that the decrease in the degree of polymerization plays an essential role in the fibrillation processes of the cell wall to produce CNFs and that there is a linear relationship between the degree of polymerization and the length of CNFs, which is independent of the type of enzyme, enzyme charge, and intensity of the applied mechanical treatment. In addition, it is determined that the percentage of the decrease in the degree of polymerization of CNFs due to mechanical treatment is irrespective of the applied enzyme charge. Finally, it is shown that the aspect ratio is a good indicator of the efficiency of the fibrillation process, and is directly related to the mechanical properties of CNF films.
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14
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Chinga-Carrasco G, Johansson J, Heggset EB, Leirset I, Björn C, Agrenius K, Stevanic JS, Håkansson J. Characterization and Antibacterial Properties of Autoclaved Carboxylated Wood Nanocellulose. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:2779-2789. [PMID: 34185505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were obtained by applying a chemical pretreatment consisting of autoclaving the pulp fibers in sodium hydroxide, combined with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxyl-mediated oxidation. Three levels of sodium hypochlorite were applied (2.5, 3.8, and 6.0 mmol/g) to obtain CNF qualities (CNF_2.5, CNF_3.8, and CNF_6.0) with varying content of carboxyl groups, that is, 1036, 1285, and 1593 μmol/g cellulose. The cytotoxicity and skin irritation potential (indirect tests) of the CNFs were determined according to standardized in vitro testing for medical devices. We here demonstrate that autoclaving (121 °C, 20 min), which was used to sterilize the gels, caused a modification of the CNF characteristics. This was confirmed by a reduction in the viscosity of the gels, a morphological change of the nanofibrils, by an increase of the ultraviolet-visible absorbance maxima at 250 nm, reduction of the absolute zeta potential, and by an increase in aldehyde content and reducing sugars after autoclaving. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and wide-angle X-ray scattering complemented an extensive characterization of the CNF gels, before and after autoclaving. The antibacterial properties of autoclaved carboxylated CNFs were demonstrated in vitro (bacterial survival and swimming assays) on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Importantly, a mouse in vivo surgical-site infection model on S. aureus revealed that CNF_3.8 showed pronounced antibacterial effect and performed as good as the antiseptic Prontosan wound gel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenny Johansson
- Chemistry, Biomaterials and Textiles, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, P.O. Box 857, 501 15 Borås, Sweden
| | | | | | - Camilla Björn
- Chemistry, Biomaterials and Textiles, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, P.O. Box 857, 501 15 Borås, Sweden
| | - Karin Agrenius
- Chemistry, Biomaterials and Textiles, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, P.O. Box 857, 501 15 Borås, Sweden
| | - Jasna S Stevanic
- Material and Surface Design, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, P.O. Box 5604, 114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joakim Håkansson
- Chemistry, Biomaterials and Textiles, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, P.O. Box 857, 501 15 Borås, Sweden.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Gothenburg University, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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15
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Li MC, Wu Q, Moon RJ, Hubbe MA, Bortner MJ. Rheological Aspects of Cellulose Nanomaterials: Governing Factors and Emerging Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006052. [PMID: 33870553 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs), mainly including nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), have attained enormous interest due to their sustainability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, nanoscale dimensions, large surface area, facile modification of surface chemistry, as well as unique optical, mechanical, and rheological performance. One of the most fascinating properties of CNMs is their aqueous suspension rheology, i.e., CNMs helping create viscous suspensions with the formation of percolation networks and chemical interactions (e.g., van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction/repulsion, and hydrophobic attraction). Under continuous shearing, CNMs in an aqueous suspension can align along the flow direction, producing shear-thinning behavior. At rest, CNM suspensions regain some of their initial structure immediately, allowing rapid recovery of rheological properties. These unique flow features enable CNMs to serve as rheological modifiers in a wide range of fluid-based applications. Herein, the dependence of the rheology of CNM suspensions on test protocols, CNM inherent properties, suspension environments, and postprocessing is systematically described. A critical overview of the recent progress on fluid applications of CNMs as rheology modifiers in some emerging industrial sectors is presented as well. Future perspectives in the field are outlined to guide further research and development in using CNMs as the next generation rheological modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chun Li
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Qinglin Wu
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Robert J Moon
- Forest Products Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Martin A Hubbe
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8005, USA
| | - Michael J Bortner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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16
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Sharip NS, Ariffin H, Yasim-Anuar TAT, Andou Y, Shirosaki Y, Jawaid M, Tahir PM, Ibrahim NA. Melt- vs. Non-Melt Blending of Complexly Processable Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene/Cellulose Nanofiber Bionanocomposite. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13030404. [PMID: 33513876 PMCID: PMC7865645 DOI: 10.3390/polym13030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The major hurdle in melt-processing of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) nanocomposite lies on the high melt viscosity of the UHMWPE, which may contribute to poor dispersion and distribution of the nanofiller. In this study, UHMWPE/cellulose nanofiber (UHMWPE/CNF) bionanocomposites were prepared by two different blending methods: (i) melt blending at 150 °C in a triple screw kneading extruder, and (ii) non-melt blending by ethanol mixing at room temperature. Results showed that melt-processing of UHMWPE without CNF (MB-UHMWPE/0) exhibited an increment in yield strength and Young’s modulus by 15% and 25%, respectively, compared to the Neat-UHMWPE. Tensile strength was however reduced by almost half. Ethanol mixed sample without CNF (EM-UHMWPE/0) on the other hand showed slight decrement in all mechanical properties tested. At 0.5% CNF inclusion, the mechanical properties of melt-blended bionanocomposites (MB-UHMWPE/0.5) were improved as compared to Neat-UHMWPE. It was also found that the yield strength, elongation at break, Young’s modulus, toughness and crystallinity of MB-UHMWPE/0.5 were higher by 28%, 61%, 47%, 45% and 11%, respectively, as compared to the ethanol mixing sample (EM-UHMWPE/0.5). Despite the reduction in tensile strength of MB-UHMWPE/0.5, the value i.e., 28.4 ± 1.0 MPa surpassed the minimum requirement of standard specification for fabricated UHMWPE in surgical implant application. Overall, melt-blending processing is more suitable for the preparation of UHMWPE/CNF bionanocomposites as exhibited by their characteristics presented herein. A better mechanical interlocking between UHMWPE and CNF at high temperature mixing with kneading was evident through FE-SEM observation, explains the higher mechanical properties of MB-UHMWPE/0.5 as compared to EM-UHMWPE/0.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Sharmila Sharip
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (N.S.S.); (M.J.); (P.M.T.)
| | - Hidayah Ariffin
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (N.S.S.); (M.J.); (P.M.T.)
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-9769-7515
| | - Tengku Arisyah Tengku Yasim-Anuar
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Yoshito Andou
- Department of Biological Functions and Engineering, Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0196, Japan;
| | - Yuki Shirosaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensui-cho, Tobata-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan;
| | - Mohammad Jawaid
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (N.S.S.); (M.J.); (P.M.T.)
| | - Paridah Md Tahir
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (N.S.S.); (M.J.); (P.M.T.)
| | - Nor Azowa Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
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17
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Nadeem H, Naseri M, Shanmugam K, Dehghani M, Browne C, Miri S, Garnier G, Batchelor W. An energy efficient production of high moisture barrier nanocellulose/carboxymethyl cellulose films via spray-deposition technique. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 250:116911. [PMID: 33049886 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose (NC) films are considered as a prospective alternative to non-sustainable packaging materials, however, their higher embodied energy and limited moisture barrier properties are regarded as a huge constraint regarding their commercialization. This study aims to produce films with relatively low environmental impact and improved barrier performance. For this purpose, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and NC were combined, and this resulted in multidimensional advantages. The mass production of films could be achieved in only 2 h (requiring at least 24 h under ambient conditions) when dried in an oven at 75 °C with enhanced mechanical properties and without compromising their dimensional stability. The moisture barrier properties of the NC/CMC films were improved up to 92 % compared with the NC films alone and the results achieved are comparable with packaging materials such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonates (PC) etc. Finally, the NC/CMC (1:1) films have low environmental impact compared with PET films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humayun Nadeem
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Mahdi Naseri
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Kirubanandan Shanmugam
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Mostafa Dehghani
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Christine Browne
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Simin Miri
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Gil Garnier
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Warren Batchelor
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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18
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Characterization of Porous Structures of Cellulose Nanofibrils Loaded with Salicylic Acid. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112538. [PMID: 33142964 PMCID: PMC7692582 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bleached and unbleached pulp fibers were treated with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpyperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) mediated oxidation to obtain cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs). The resulting bleached and unbleached CNFs were mixed with salicylic acid (0, 5, 10, 20 wt%) before casting and freeze-drying or 3D-printing. A series of methods were tested and implemented to characterize the CNF materials and the porous structures loaded with salicylic acid. The CNFs were characterized with atomic force microscopy and laser profilometry, and release of salicylic acid was quantified with UV-visible absorbance spectroscopy, conductivity measurements, and inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) complemented the analyses. Herein, we show that aerogels of bleached CNFs yield a greater release of salicylic acid, compared to CNF obtained from unbleached pulp. The results suggest that biodegradable constructs of CNFs can be loaded with a plant hormone that is released slowly over time, which may find uses in small scale agricultural applications and for the private home market.
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19
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Thomas P, Duolikun T, Rumjit NP, Moosavi S, Lai CW, Bin Johan MR, Fen LB. Comprehensive review on nanocellulose: Recent developments, challenges and future prospects. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103884. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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20
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A Core Flood and Microfluidics Investigation of Nanocellulose as a Chemical Additive to Water Flooding for EOR. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10071296. [PMID: 32630280 PMCID: PMC7407156 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (T-CNFs) were tested as enhanced oil recovery (EOR) agents through core floods and microfluidic experiments. Both particles were mixed with low salinity water (LSW). The core floods were grouped into three parts based on the research objectives. In Part 1, secondary core flood using CNCs was compared to regular water flooding at fixed conditions, by reusing the same core plug to maintain the same pore structure. CNCs produced 5.8% of original oil in place (OOIP) more oil than LSW. For Part 2, the effect of injection scheme, temperature, and rock wettability was investigated using CNCs. The same trend was observed for the secondary floods, with CNCs performing better than their parallel experiment using LSW. Furthermore, the particles seemed to perform better under mixed-wet conditions. Additional oil (2.9–15.7% of OOIP) was produced when CNCs were injected as a tertiary EOR agent, with more incremental oil produced at high temperature. In the final part, the effect of particle type was studied. T-CNFs produced significantly more oil compared to CNCs. However, the injection of T-CNF particles resulted in a steep increase in pressure, which never stabilized. Furthermore, a filter cake was observed at the core face after the experiment was completed. Microfluidic experiments showed that both T-CNF and CNC nanofluids led to a better sweep efficiency compared to low salinity water flooding. T-CNF particles showed the ability to enhance the oil recovery by breaking up events and reducing the trapping efficiency of the porous medium. A higher flow rate resulted in lower oil recovery factors and higher remaining oil connectivity. Contact angle and interfacial tension measurements were conducted to understand the oil recovery mechanisms. CNCs altered the interfacial tension the most, while T-CNFs had the largest effect on the contact angle. However, the changes were not significant enough for them to be considered primary EOR mechanisms.
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21
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Balding P, Li MC, Wu Q, Volkovinsky R, Russo P. Cellulose Nanocrystal-Polyelectrolyte Hybrids for Bentonite Water-Based Drilling Fluids. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:3015-3027. [PMID: 35025348 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), with their rodlike shape and nanoscale dimensions, greatly improve the filtration performance of bentonite-containing, water-based drilling fluids (BT-WDFs) through interactions with the BT platelets. When these WDFs are exposed to high salt concentrations, though, their fluid retention properties are greatly diminished due to reduced CNC-BT interaction and BT aggregation/flocculation. Consequently, we reduce BT-BT interaction at high salt by grafting polyelectrolytes (PE) to CNC particles (CNC-PE) to enhance CNC-BT interactions when incorporating these hybrid particles with BT-WDFs. The particles sterically and electrostatically screen BT platelets from associating, thus improving fluid filtration performance at high salt. Three types of CNC modifications were carried out: grafting from direct surface initiation, modification with vinyl-terminated glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) before grafting, and physical mixing of CNC with a polymer. These modifications were performed using three polyelectrolyte materials: anionic polystyrene sulfonate (PSS), cationic polyacrylamide (PAM), and a random copolymer of PSS and PAM (PSS-co-PAM). Formulations containing CNC-PEs prepared by covalent grafting exhibited superior filtration properties compared to those in which CNCs and PEs were physically mixed. The higher graft loading achieved with the GMA method resulted in poorer filtration results compared to the direct grafting method due to CNC-PE interparticle cross-linking. PSS-modified CNC-PEs appeared to attach to BT edges, while PAM-modified CNC-PEs attached to the BT faces. These interactions disrupted BT aggregation, with the PSS-co-PAM CNC hybrid displaying the most desired filtration properties. The results highlight the importance of steric and charge stabilization of the BT particle edges and faces to achieve high-performance WDFs for well excavation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Balding
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Mei-Chun Li
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Qinglin Wu
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Ron Volkovinsky
- Chattahoochee High School, Johns Creek, Georgia 30022, United States.,Open Polymer Active Learning Laboratory, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Paul Russo
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,School of Materials Science & Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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22
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Ma L, Luo P, He Y, Zhang L, Fan Y, Jiang Z. Ultra-Stable Silica Nanoparticles as Nano-Plugging Additive for Shale Exploitation in Harsh Environments. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1683. [PMID: 31775285 PMCID: PMC6955846 DOI: 10.3390/nano9121683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the harsh downhole environments, poor dispersion of silica at high salinity and high temperature can severely restrict its application as the nano-plugging agent in shale gas exploitation. The objective of this study is to improve salt tolerance and thermal stability of silica. Herein, silica was successfully functionalized with an anionic polymer (p SPMA) by SI-ATRP (surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization), named SiO2-g-SPMA. The grafted pSPMA brushes on silica provided sufficient electrostatic repulsion and steric repulsion for stabilizing silica in a harsh environment. The modified silica (SiO2-g-SPMA) had excellent colloidal stability at salinities up to 5.43 M NaCl (saturated brine) and standard API brine (8 wt% NaCl + 2 wt% CaCl2) for 30 days at room temperature. Simultaneously, the SiO2-g-SPMA was stable at 170 °C for 24 h as well as stable in weakly alkali environment. Furthermore, the plugging performance of SiO2-g-SPMA in water-based drilling fluids for low permeate reservoir reached to 78.25% when adding a small amount of 0.5 wt% SiO2-g-SPMA, which effectively hindered the water invasion into formation and protected the reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Ma
- School of Science, Xihua University, Jinzhou Road, Chengdu 610039, Sichuan, China;
- State Key Lab of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, 8 Xindu Avenue, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China; (P.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Pingya Luo
- State Key Lab of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, 8 Xindu Avenue, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China; (P.L.); (L.Z.)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, 8 Xindu Avenue, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China;
| | - Yi He
- State Key Lab of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, 8 Xindu Avenue, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China; (P.L.); (L.Z.)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, 8 Xindu Avenue, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China;
| | - Liyun Zhang
- State Key Lab of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, 8 Xindu Avenue, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China; (P.L.); (L.Z.)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, 8 Xindu Avenue, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China;
| | - Yi Fan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, 8 Xindu Avenue, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China;
- Chengdu Graphene Application Institute of Industrial Technology, Leshan Road, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenju Jiang
- School of Science, Xihua University, Jinzhou Road, Chengdu 610039, Sichuan, China;
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23
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Tuerxun D, Pulingam T, Nordin NI, Chen YW, Kamaldin JB, Julkapli NBM, Lee HV, Leo BF, Johan MRB. Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity studies of nanocrystalline cellulose from the production waste of rubber-wood and kenaf-bast fibers. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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24
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Liu X, Qu J, Wang A, Wang C, Chen B, Wang Z, Wu B, Wei B, Wen Y, Yuan Z. Hydrogels prepared from cellulose nanofibrils via ferric ion-mediated crosslinking reaction for protecting drilling fluid. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 212:67-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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25
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Aadland RC, Jakobsen TD, Heggset EB, Long-Sanouiller H, Simon S, Paso KG, Syverud K, Torsæter O. High-Temperature Core Flood Investigation of Nanocellulose as a Green Additive for Enhanced Oil Recovery. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9050665. [PMID: 31035570 PMCID: PMC6566249 DOI: 10.3390/nano9050665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have discovered a substantial viscosity increase of aqueous cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) dispersions upon heat aging at temperatures above 90 °C. This distinct change in material properties at very low concentrations in water has been proposed as an active mechanism for enhanced oil recovery (EOR), as highly viscous fluid may improve macroscopic sweep efficiencies and mitigate viscous fingering. A high-temperature (120 °C) core flood experiment was carried out with 1 wt. % CNC in low salinity brine on a 60 cm-long sandstone core outcrop initially saturated with crude oil. A flow rate corresponding to 24 h per pore volume was applied to ensure sufficient viscosification time within the porous media. The total oil recovery was 62.2%, including 1.2% oil being produced during CNC flooding. Creation of local log-jams inside the porous media appears to be the dominant mechanism for additional oil recovery during nano flooding. The permeability was reduced by 89.5% during the core flood, and a thin layer of nanocellulose film was observed at the inlet of the core plug. CNC fluid and core flood effluent was analyzed using atomic force microscopy (AFM), particle size analysis, and shear rheology. The effluent was largely unchanged after passing through the core over a time period of 24 h. After the core outcrop was rinsed, a micro computed tomography (micro-CT) was used to examine heterogeneity of the core. The core was found to be homogeneous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reidun C Aadland
- Department of Geoscience and Petroleum, PoreLab Center of Excellence, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Trygve D Jakobsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | | | - Haili Long-Sanouiller
- Department of Geoscience and Petroleum, PoreLab Center of Excellence, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Sébastien Simon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Kristofer G Paso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Kristin Syverud
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
- RISE PFI, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Ole Torsæter
- Department of Geoscience and Petroleum, PoreLab Center of Excellence, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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26
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Machale J, Majumder SK, Ghosh P, Sen TK. Role of chemical additives and their rheological properties in enhanced oil recovery. REV CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2018-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A significant amount of oil (i.e. 60–70%) remains trapped in reservoirs after the conventional primary and secondary methods of oil recovery. Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods are therefore necessary to recover the major fraction of unrecovered trapped oil from reservoirs to meet the present-day energy demands. The chemical EOR method is one of the promising methods where various chemical additives, such as alkalis, surfactants, polymer, and the combination of all alkali–surfactant–polymer (ASP) or surfactant–polymer (SP) solutions, are injected into the reservoir to improve the displacement and sweep efficiency. Every oil field has different conditions, which imposes new challenges toward alternative but more effective EOR techniques. Among such attractive alternative additives are polymeric surfactants, natural surfactants, nanoparticles, and self-assembled polymer systems for EOR. In this paper, water-soluble chemical additives such as alkalis, surfactants, polymer, and ASP or SP solution for chemical EOR are highlighted. This review also discusses the concepts and techniques related to the chemical methods of EOR, and highlights the rheological properties of the chemicals involved in the efficiency of EOR methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinesh Machale
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039, Assam , India
| | - Subrata Kumar Majumder
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039, Assam , India
| | - Pallab Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039, Assam , India
| | - Tushar Kanti Sen
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Curtin University , GPO Box U1987 , Perth, WA 6845 , Australia
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27
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Shear and extensional rheology of aqueous suspensions of cellulose nanofibrils for biopolymer-assisted filament spinning. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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28
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Jakobsen TD, Simon S, Heggset EB, Syverud K, Paso K. Interactions between Surfactants and Cellulose Nanofibrils for Enhanced Oil Recovery. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b04206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trygve Dagsloth Jakobsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sébastien Simon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Kristin Syverud
- Department of Chemical Engineering, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- RISE PFI, Høgskoleringen 6b, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristofer Paso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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29
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Parit M, Saha P, Davis VA, Jiang Z. Transparent and Homogenous Cellulose Nanocrystal/Lignin UV-Protection Films. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:10679-10691. [PMID: 30320249 PMCID: PMC6173482 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In the context of valorization of lignin produced from the pulp and paper industries, biodegradable UV-protection films were prepared using lignin and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). Initially, CNC films were optimized for improving their transparency by studying the effect of various sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentrations. Maximum (%) transmittance of CNC film was obtained for NaOH addition between 3 and 4 wt %. The optimized CNC suspensions were used for incorporating alkaline lignin (AL) and softwood kraft lignin (SKL) in various concentrations (1-10 wt %). Morphological characterization showed homogeneity of the lignin distribution in CNC/lignin films. Complete UV blocking was achieved at 10 wt % lignin (AL or SKL) in CNC films. Cross-polarized optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopic images of films showed some degrees of global alignment of CNC rods upon addition of NaOH, which remained unaffected by lignin addition. Lignin modification through acetylation reduced the lignin color and improved visible light transmission of films without significantly affecting the UV-absorption properties. Presence of lignin also enhanced the thermal and contact angle stability of the films. This work shows for the first time that CNC aqueous suspensions with and without containing lignin could be tuned through the addition of NaOH to produce transparent and homogenous films, providing a simple and green approach in engineering CNC/lignin UV-protection films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Parit
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
- Alabama
Center for Paper and Bioresource Engineering, Auburn University, 356 Ross Hall, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Partha Saha
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Virginia A. Davis
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Zhihua Jiang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
- Alabama
Center for Paper and Bioresource Engineering, Auburn University, 356 Ross Hall, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
- E-mail:
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30
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Identification of Nanocellulose Retention Characteristics in Porous Media. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8070547. [PMID: 30029511 PMCID: PMC6071010 DOI: 10.3390/nano8070547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The application of nanotechnology to the petroleum industry has sparked recent interest in increasing oil recovery, while reducing environmental impact. Nanocellulose is an emerging nanoparticle that is derived from trees or waste stream from wood and fiber industries. Thus, it is taken from a renewable and sustainable source, and could therefore serve as a good alternative to current Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) technologies. However, before nanocellulose can be applied as an EOR technique, further understanding of its transport behavior and retention in porous media is required. The research documented in this paper examines retention mechanisms that occur during nanocellulose transport. In a series of experiments, nanocellulose particles dispersed in brine were injected into sandpacks and Berea sandstone cores. The resulting retention and permeability reduction were measured. The experimental parameters that were varied include sand grain size, nanocellulose type, salinity, and flow rate. Under low salinity conditions, the dominant retention mechanism was adsorption and when salinity was increased, the dominant retention mechanism shifted towards log-jamming. Retention and permeability reduction increased as grain size decreased, which results from increased straining of nanocellulose aggregates. In addition, each type of nanocellulose was found to have significantly different transport properties. Experiments with Berea sandstone cores indicate that some pore volume was inaccessible to the nanocellulose. As a general trend, the larger the size of aggregates in bulk solution, the greater the observed retention and permeability reduction. Salinity was found to be the most important parameter affecting transport. Increased salinity caused additional aggregation, which led to increased straining and filter cake formation. Higher flow rates were found to reduce retention and permeability reduction. Increased velocity was accompanied by an increase in shear, which is believed to promote breakdown of nanocellulose aggregates.
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Chinga-Carrasco G. Potential and Limitations of Nanocelluloses as Components in Biocomposite Inks for Three-Dimensional Bioprinting and for Biomedical Devices. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:701-711. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary Chinga-Carrasco
- Lead Scientist−Biocomposites, RISE PFI, Høgskoleringen 6b, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Stability mechanism of O/W Pickering emulsions stabilized with regenerated cellulose. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 181:224-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Aarstad O, Heggset EB, Pedersen IS, Bjørnøy SH, Syverud K, Strand BL. Mechanical Properties of Composite Hydrogels of Alginate and Cellulose Nanofibrils. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E378. [PMID: 30971055 PMCID: PMC6418825 DOI: 10.3390/polym9080378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate and cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) are attractive materials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. CNF gels are generally weaker and more brittle than alginate gels, while alginate gels are elastic and have high rupture strength. Alginate properties depend on their guluronan and mannuronan content and their sequence pattern and molecular weight. Likewise, CNF exists in various qualities with properties depending on, e.g., morphology and charge density. In this study combinations of three types of alginate with different composition and two types of CNF with different charge and degree of fibrillation have been studied. Assessments of the composite gels revealed that attractive properties like high rupture strength, high compressibility, high gel rigidity at small deformations (Young's modulus), and low syneresis was obtained compared to the pure gels. The effects varied with relative amounts of CNF and alginate, alginate type, and CNF quality. The largest effects were obtained by combining oxidized CNF with the alginates. Hence, by combining the two biopolymers in composite gels, it is possible to tune the rupture strength, Young's modulus, syneresis, as well as stability in physiological saline solution, which are all important properties for the use as scaffolds in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olav Aarstad
- NOBIPOL, Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Ellinor Bævre Heggset
- RISE PFI, Nanocellulose and carbohydrate polymers, Høgskoleringen 6b, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Ina Sander Pedersen
- NOBIPOL, Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Sindre Hove Bjørnøy
- Department of Physics, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Kristin Syverud
- RISE PFI, Nanocellulose and carbohydrate polymers, Høgskoleringen 6b, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Berit Løkensgard Strand
- NOBIPOL, Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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Application of Nanoparticles in Enhanced Oil Recovery: A Critical Review of Recent Progress. ENERGIES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/en10030345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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de Carvalho Benini KC, Pereira PH, Cioffi MOH, Cornelis Voorwald HJ. Effect of acid hydrolysis conditions on the degradation properties of cellulose from Imperata brasiliensis fibers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2017.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Jack AA, Nordli HR, Powell LC, Powell KA, Kishnani H, Johnsen PO, Pukstad B, Thomas DW, Chinga-Carrasco G, Hill KE. The interaction of wood nanocellulose dressings and the wound pathogen P. aeruginosa. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 157:1955-1962. [PMID: 27987916 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic wounds pose an increasingly significant worldwide economic burden (over £1 billion per annum in the UK alone). With the escalation in global obesity and diabetes, chronic wounds will increasingly be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) are highly versatile and can be tailored with specific physical properties to produce an assortment of three-dimensional structures (hydrogels, aerogels or films), for subsequent utilization as wound dressing materials. Growth curves using CNF (diameter <20nm) in suspension demonstrated an interesting dose-dependent inhibition of bacterial growth. In addition, analysis of biofilm formation (Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1) on nanocellulose aerogels (20g/m2) revealed significantly less biofilm biomass with decreasing aerogel porosity and surface roughness. Importantly, virulence factor production by P. aeruginosa in the presence of nanocellulose materials, quantified for the first time, was unaffected (p>0.05) over 24h. These data demonstrate the potential of nanocellulose materials in the development of novel dressings that may afford significant clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison A Jack
- Advanced Therapies Group, Oral and Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK.
| | - Henriette R Nordli
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lydia C Powell
- Advanced Therapies Group, Oral and Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK
| | - Kate A Powell
- Advanced Therapies Group, Oral and Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK
| | - Himanshu Kishnani
- Advanced Therapies Group, Oral and Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK
| | | | - Brita Pukstad
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Dermatology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - David W Thomas
- Advanced Therapies Group, Oral and Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK
| | | | - Katja E Hill
- Advanced Therapies Group, Oral and Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK
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