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Pu M, Fang C, Zhou X, Wang D, Lin Y, Lei W, Li L. Recent Advances in Environment-Friendly Polyurethanes from Polyols Recovered from the Recycling and Renewable Resources: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1889. [PMID: 39000744 PMCID: PMC11244063 DOI: 10.3390/polym16131889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) is among the most universal polymers and has been extensively applied in many fields, such as construction, machinery, furniture, clothing, textile, packaging and biomedicine. Traditionally, as the main starting materials for PU, polyols deeply depend on petroleum stock. From the perspective of recycling and environmental friendliness, advanced PU synthesis, using diversified resources as feedstocks, aims to develop versatile products with excellent properties to achieve the transformation from a fossil fuel-driven energy economy to renewable and sustainable ones. This review focuses on the recent development in the synthesis and modification of PU by extracting value-added monomers for polyols from waste polymers and natural bio-based polymers, such as the recycled waste polymers: polyethylene terephthalate (PET), PU and polycarbonate (PC); the biomaterials: vegetable oil, lignin, cashew nut shell liquid and plant straw; and biomacromolecules: polysaccharides and protein. To design these advanced polyurethane formulations, it is essential to understand the structure-property relationships of PU from recycling polyols. In a word, this bottom-up path provides a material recycling approach to PU design for printing and packaging, as well as biomedical, building and wearable electronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Pu
- School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (M.P.); (D.W.)
- School of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (Y.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Changqing Fang
- School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (M.P.); (D.W.)
- School of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (Y.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Xing Zhou
- School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (M.P.); (D.W.)
- School of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (Y.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (M.P.); (D.W.)
- School of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (Y.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Yangyang Lin
- School of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (Y.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Wanqing Lei
- School of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China; (Y.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Lu Li
- Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China;
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
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Mo Y, Huang X, Yue M, Hu L, Hu C. Preparation of nanocellulose and application of nanocellulose polyurethane composites. RSC Adv 2024; 14:18247-18257. [PMID: 38854830 PMCID: PMC11157500 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01412j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyurethane is a widely used material because of its excellent properties. Cellulose is a renewable, biocompatible, and biodegradable natural polymer that also has the advantages of a low density, high porosity, and large specific surface area. There are three main types of common nanocellulose: nanocellulose fibers, cellulose nanocrystals, and bacterial nanocellulose. Composites prepared with nanocellulose and polyurethane materials have good mechanical properties and good biocompatibility and can be applied in sensors, 3D printing, self-repairing materials, electromagnetic shielding, and many other areas. This paper details the preparation processes of different nanocelluloses and the application areas of composites, and points to the future development of nanocellulose polyurethane composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Mo
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China
| | - Xiaoyue Huang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China
| | - Meng Yue
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China
| | - Lixin Hu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China
| | - Chuanqun Hu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China
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Ferreira FV, Souza AG, Ajdary R, de Souza LP, Lopes JH, Correa DS, Siqueira G, Barud HS, Rosa DDS, Mattoso LH, Rojas OJ. Nanocellulose-based porous materials: Regulation and pathway to commercialization in regenerative medicine. Bioact Mater 2023; 29:151-176. [PMID: 37502678 PMCID: PMC10368849 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We review the recent progress that have led to the development of porous materials based on cellulose nanostructures found in plants and other resources. In light of the properties that emerge from the chemistry, shape and structural control, we discuss some of the most promising uses of a plant-based material, nanocellulose, in regenerative medicine. Following a brief discussion about the fundamental aspects of self-assembly of nanocellulose precursors, we review the key strategies needed for material synthesis and to adjust the architecture of the materials (using three-dimensional printing, freeze-casted porous materials, and electrospinning) according to their uses in tissue engineering, artificial organs, controlled drug delivery and wound healing systems, among others. For this purpose, we map the structure-property-function relationships of nanocellulose-based porous materials and examine the course of actions that are required to translate innovation from the laboratory to industry. Such efforts require attention to regulatory aspects and market pull. Finally, the key challenges and opportunities in this nascent field are critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe V. Ferreira
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentation – Rua XV de Novembro, 1452, São Carlos, SP, 13560-979, Brazil
| | - Alana G. Souza
- Center for Engineering, Modeling, and Applied Social Sciences (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
| | - Rubina Ajdary
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16300, Aalto, Espoo, FIN-00076, Finland
| | - Lucas P. de Souza
- College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Aston Institute of Materials Research, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - João H. Lopes
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Fundamental Sciences (IEF), Technological Institute of Aeronautics (ITA), São Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel S. Correa
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentation – Rua XV de Novembro, 1452, São Carlos, SP, 13560-979, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Siqueira
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Hernane S. Barud
- Biopolymers and Biomaterials Laboratory (BIOPOLMAT), University of Araraquara (UNIARA), Araraquara, 14801-340, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Derval dos S. Rosa
- Center for Engineering, Modeling, and Applied Social Sciences (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
| | - Luiz H.C. Mattoso
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentation – Rua XV de Novembro, 1452, São Carlos, SP, 13560-979, Brazil
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16300, Aalto, Espoo, FIN-00076, Finland
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Cheng QP, Hsu SH. A self-healing hydrogel and injectable cryogel of gelatin methacryloyl-polyurethane double network for 3D printing. Acta Biomater 2023; 164:124-138. [PMID: 37088162 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing of soft biomaterials facilitates the progress of personalized medicine. The development for different forms of 3D-printable biomaterials can promotes the potential manufacturing for artificial organs and provides biomaterials with the required properties. In this study, gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and dialdehyde-functionalized polyurethane (DFPU) were combined to create a double crosslinking system and develop 3D-printable GelMA-PU biodegradable hydrogel and cryogel. The GelMA-PU system demonstrates a combination of self-healing ability and 3D printability and provides two distinct forms of 3D-printable biomaterials with smart functions, high printing resolution, and biocompatibility. The hydrogel was printed into individual modules through an 80 µm or larger nozzle and further assembled into complex structures through adhesive and self-healing abilities, which could be stabilized by secondary photocrosslinking. The 3D-printed hydrogel was adhesive, light transmittable, and could embed a light emitting diode (LED). Furthermore, the hydrogel laden with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) was successfully printed and showed cell proliferation. Meanwhile, 3D-printed cryogel was achieved by printing on a subzero temperature platform through a 210 µm nozzle. After secondary photocrosslinking and drying, the cryogel was deliverable through a 16-gauge (1194 µm) syringe needle and can promote the proliferation of hMSCs. The GelMA-PU system extends the ink pool for 3D printing of biomaterials and has potential applications in tissue engineering scaffolds, minimally invasive surgery devices, and electronic wound dressings. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The 3D-printable biomaterials developed in this work are GelMA-based ink with smart funcitons and have potentials for various customized medical applications. The synthesized GelMA-polyurethane double network hydrogel can be 3D-printed into individual modules (e.g., 11 × 11 × 5 mm3) through an 80 μm or larger size nozzle, which are then assembled into a taller structure over five times of the initial height by self-healing and secondary photocrosslinking. The hydrogel is adhesive, light transmittable, and biocompatible that can either carry human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) as bioink or embed a red light LED (620 nm) with potential applications in electronic skin dressing. Meanwhile, the 3D-printed highly compressible cryogel (e.g., 6 × 6 × 1 mm3) is deliverable by a 16-gauge (1194 μm) syringe needle and supports the proliferation of hMSCs also.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Pu Cheng
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shan-Hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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5
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Vidakis N, Petousis M, Mountakis N, Papadakis V, Moutsopoulou A. Mechanical strength predictability of full factorial, Taguchi, and Box Behnken designs: Optimization of thermal settings and Cellulose Nanofibers content in PA12 for MEX AM. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 142:105846. [PMID: 37084490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Optimization of reinforced nanocomposites for MEX 3D-printing remain strong industrial claims. Herein, the efficacy of three modeling methods, i.e., full factorial (FFD), Taguchi (TD), and Box-Behnken (BBD), on the performance of MEX 3D printed nanocomposites was investigated, aiming to reduce the experimental effort. Filaments of medical-grade Polyamide 12 (PA12) reinforced with Cellulose NanoFibers (CNF) were evolved. Besides the CNF loading, 3D printing settings such as Nozzle (NT) and Bed (BΤ) Temperatures were optimization goals aiming to maximize the mechanical response. Three parameters and three levels of FFD were compliant with the ASTM-D638 standard (27 runs, five repetitions). An L9 orthogonal TD and a 15 runs BBD were compiled. In FFD, wt.3%CNF, 270 °C NT, and 80 °C BΤ led to 24% higher tensile strength compared to pure PA12. TGA, RAMAN, and SEM analyses interpreted the reinforcement mechanisms. TD and BBD exhibited fair approximations, requiring 7.4% and 11.8% of the FFD experimental effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nectarios Vidakis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, 71410, Greece.
| | - Markos Petousis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, 71410, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Mountakis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, 71410, Greece.
| | - Vassilis Papadakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, N. Plastira 100, GR-70013, Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Amalia Moutsopoulou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, 71410, Greece.
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Shih YF, Lin SH, Xu J, Su CJ, Huang CF, Hsu SH. Stretchable and biodegradable chitosan-polyurethane-cellulose nanofiber composites as anisotropic materials. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123116. [PMID: 36603720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.123116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is a naturally derived biodegradable polymer with abundancy, sustainability, and ease of chemical modification. Polyurethanes are a family of elastic biocompatible polymers, and composites of polyurethanes have versatile properties and applications. Chitosan-polyurethane composites were recently developed but had insufficient strength and limited stretchability. In the current study, cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were integrated in chitosan-polyurethane composites to prepare stretchable and anisotropic materials. A biodegradable polyurethane was first synthesized, end-capped with aldehyde to become dialdehyde polyurethane (DP) nanoparticles, and added with CNFs to prepare the DP-CNF composite crosslinker (DPF). The waterborne DPF crosslinker was then blended with chitosan solution to make polyurethane-CNF-chitosan (DPFC) composites. After blending, DPFC may form hydrogel in ~33 min at room temperature, which confirmed crosslinking. Composite films cast and dried from the blends showed good elongation (~420.2 %) at 60 °C. Anisotropic films were then generated by tension annealing with pre-strain. The annealed films with 200 % pre-strain exhibited large elastic anisotropy with ~4.9 anisotropic ratio. In situ SAXS/WAXS analyses unveiled that rearrangement and alignment of the microstructure during tension annealing accounted for the anisotropy. The anisotropic composite films had the ability to orient the growth of neural stem cells and showed the potential for biomimetic and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Shih
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Ho Lin
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Junpeng Xu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Jen Su
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Feng Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shan-Hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Zhang S, Chen X, Shan M, Hao Z, Zhang X, Meng L, Zhai Z, Zhang L, Liu X, Wang X. Convergence of 3D Bioprinting and Nanotechnology in Tissue Engineering Scaffolds. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8010094. [PMID: 36975324 PMCID: PMC10046132 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has emerged as a promising scaffold fabrication strategy for tissue engineering with excellent control over scaffold geometry and microstructure. Nanobiomaterials as bioinks play a key role in manipulating the cellular microenvironment to alter its growth and development. This review first introduces the commonly used nanomaterials in tissue engineering scaffolds, including natural polymers, synthetic polymers, and polymer derivatives, and reveals the improvement of nanomaterials on scaffold performance. Second, the 3D bioprinting technologies of inkjet-based bioprinting, extrusion-based bioprinting, laser-assisted bioprinting, and stereolithography bioprinting are comprehensively itemized, and the advantages and underlying mechanisms are revealed. Then the convergence of 3D bioprinting and nanotechnology applications in tissue engineering scaffolds, such as bone, nerve, blood vessel, tendon, and internal organs, are discussed. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of convergence of 3D bioprinting and nanotechnology are proposed. This review will provide scientific guidance to develop 3D bioprinting tissue engineering scaffolds by nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shike Zhang
- Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xin Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mengyao Shan
- Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zijuan Hao
- Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lingxian Meng
- Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhen Zhai
- Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xuying Liu
- Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xianghong Wang
- Henan Innovation Center for Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-371-67739217
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Photocrosslinked Fish Collagen Peptide/Chitin Nanofiber Composite Hydrogels from Marine Resources: Preparation, Mechanical Properties, and an In Vitro Study. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030682. [PMID: 36771982 PMCID: PMC9920125 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish collagen peptide (FCP) is a water-soluble polymer with easy accessibility, bioactivity, and reactivity due to its solubility. The gelation of FCP can be carried out by chemical crosslinking, but the mechanical strength of FCP hydrogel is very low because of its intrinsically low molecular weight. Therefore, the mechanical properties of FCP gel should be improved for its wider application as a biomaterial. In this study, we investigated the mechanical properties of M-FCP gel in the context of understanding the influence of chitin nanofibers (CHNFs) on FCP hydrogels. FCP with a number average molecular weight (Mn) of ca. 5000 was reacted with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and used for the preparation of photocrosslinked hydrogels. Subsequently, composite hydrogels of methacrylate-modified FCP (M-FCP) and CHNF were prepared by the photoirradiation of a solution of M-FCP containing dispersed CHNF at an intensity of ~60 mW/cm2 for 450 s in the presence of 2-hydroxy-1-[4-(hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-2-methyl-1-propanone (Irgacure 2959) as a photoinitiator. Compression and tensile tests of the FCP hydrogels were carried out using a universal tester. The compression and tensile strength of the hydrogel increased 10-fold and 4-fold, respectively, by the addition of 0.6% CHNF (20% M-FCP), and Young's modulus increased 2.5-fold (20% M-FCP). The highest compression strength of the M-FCP/CHNF hydrogel was ~300 kPa. Cell proliferation tests using fibroblast cells revealed that the hydrogel with CHNF showed good cell compatibility. The cells showed good adhesion on the M-FCP gel with CHNF, and the growth of fibroblast cells after 7 days was higher on the M-FCP/CHNF gel than on the M-FCP gel without CHNF. In conclusion, we found that CHNF improved the mechanical properties as well as the fibroblast cell compatibility, indicating that M-FCP hydrogels reinforced with CHNF are useful as scaffolds and wound-dressing materials.
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Wang B, Qiu S, Chen Z, Hu Y, Shi G, Zhuo H, Zhang H, Zhong L. Assembling nanocelluloses into fibrous materials and their emerging applications. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 299:120008. [PMID: 36876760 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanocelluloses, derived from various plants or specific bacteria, represent the renewable and sophisticated nano building blocks for emerging functional materials. Especially, the assembly of nanocelluloses as fibrous materials can mimic the structural organization of their natural counterparts to integrate various functions, thus holding great promise for potential applications in various fields, such as electrical device, fire retardance, sensing, medical antibiosis, and drug release. Due to the advantages of nanocelluloses, a variety of fibrous materials have been fabricated with the assistance of advanced techniques, and their applications have attracted great interest in the past decade. This review begins with an overview of nanocellulose properties followed by the historical development of assembling processes. There will be a focus on assembling techniques, including traditional methods (wet spinning, dry spinning, and electrostatic spinning) and advanced methods (self-assembly, microfluidic, and 3D printing). In particular, the design rules and various influencing factors of assembling processes related to the structure and function of fibrous materials are introduced and discussed in detail. Then, the emerging applications of these nanocellulose-based fibrous materials are highlighted. Finally, some perspectives, key opportunities, and critical challenges on future research trends within this field are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Shuting Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Zehong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Yijie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Ge Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Hao Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Huili Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China.
| | - Linxin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
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10
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Enhancing the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Waterborne Polyurethane-Urea and Cellulose Nanocrystal Scaffolds through Crosslinking. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224999. [PMID: 36433126 PMCID: PMC9698531 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, shape-customized scaffolds based on waterborne polyurethane-urea (WBPUU) were prepared via the combination of direct ink writing 3D-printing and freeze-drying techniques. To improve the printing performance of the ink and guarantee a good shape fidelity of the scaffold, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were added during the synthesis of the WBPUU and some of the printed constructs were immersed in CaCl2 prior to the freeze-drying process to promote ionic crosslinking between calcium ions and the polyurethane. The results showed that apart from allowing the ink to be successfully printed, obtaining scaffolds with good shape fidelity, the addition of the CNC resulted in a greater homogeneity of the porous structure as well as an increase of the swelling capacity of the scaffolds. Additionally, the CNC has a reinforcement effect in the printed systems, presenting a higher compression modulus as the CNC content increases. In the case of samples crosslinked by calcium ions, a rigid shell was observed by scanning electron microscopy, which resulted in stiffer scaffolds that presented a lower water absorption capacity as well as an enhancement of the thermal stability. These results showed the potential of this type of post-printing process to tune the mechanical properties of the scaffold, thus widening the potential of this type of material.
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11
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Chen Z, Khuu N, Xu F, Kheiri S, Yakavets I, Rakhshani F, Morozova S, Kumacheva E. Printing Structurally Anisotropic Biocompatible Fibrillar Hydrogel for Guided Cell Alignment. Gels 2022; 8:685. [PMID: 36354593 PMCID: PMC9689575 DOI: 10.3390/gels8110685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Many fibrous biological tissues exhibit structural anisotropy due to the alignment of fibers in the extracellular matrix. To study the impact of such anisotropy on cell proliferation, orientation, and mobility, it is important to recapitulate and achieve control over the structure of man-made hydrogel scaffolds for cell culture. Here, we report a chemically crosslinked fibrous hydrogel due to the reaction between aldehyde-modified cellulose nanofibers and gelatin. We explored two ways to induce structural anisotropy in this gel by extruding the hydrogel precursor through two different printheads. The cellulose nanofibers in the hydrogel ink underwent shear-induced alignment during extrusion and retained it in the chemically crosslinked hydrogel. The degree of anisotropy was controlled by the ink composition and extrusion flow rate. The structural anisotropy of the hydrogel extruded through a nozzle affected the orientation of human dermal fibroblasts that were either seeded on the hydrogel surface or encapsulated in the extruded hydrogel. The reported straightforward approach to constructing fibrillar hydrogel scaffolds with structural anisotropy can be used in studies of the biological impact of tissue anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengkun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Nancy Khuu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sina Kheiri
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Ilya Yakavets
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Faeze Rakhshani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sofia Morozova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
- N.E. Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 5/1 2nd Baumanskaya Street, 105005 Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugenia Kumacheva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada
- The Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
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12
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Nano-fibrillated cellulose-based scaffolds for enzyme (co)-immobilization: Application to natural product glycosylation by Leloir glycosyltransferases. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:217-227. [PMID: 36165869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharide-based scaffolds are promising carriers for enzyme immobilization. Here, we demonstrate a porous scaffold prepared by direct-ink-writing 3D printing of an ink consisting of nanofibrillated cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and citric acid for immobilization application. Negative surface charge introduced by the components made the scaffold amenable for an affinity-like immobilization via the cationic protein module Zbasic2. Zbasic2 fusions of two sugar nucleotide-dependent glycosyltransferases (C-glycosyltransferase, Z-CGT; sucrose synthase, Z-SuSy) were immobilized individually, or co-immobilized, and applied to synthesize the natural C-glycoside nothofagin. The cascade reaction involved β-C-glycosylation of phloretin (10 mM, ~90 % conversion) from UDP-glucose, provided from sucrose and catalytic amounts of UDP (1.0 mM). Enzymes were co-immobilized at ~65 mg protein/g carrier to receive activities of 9.5 U/g (Z-CGT) and 4.5 U/g (Z-SuSy) in 22-33 % yield (protein) and an effectiveness of 23 % (Z-CGT) and 13 % (Z-SuSy). The scaffold-bound enzymes were recyclable for 5 consecutive reactions.
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13
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Yu TY, Tseng YK, Lin TH, Wang TC, Tseng YH, Chang YH, Wu MC, Su WF. Effect of cellulose compositions and fabrication methods on mechanical properties of polyurethane-cellulose composites. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 291:119549. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Polysaccharides-based nanofibrils: From tissue engineering to biosensor applications. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 291:119670. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Juan LT, Lin SH, Wong CW, Jeng US, Huang CF, Hsu SH. Functionalized Cellulose Nanofibers as Crosslinkers to Produce Chitosan Self-Healing Hydrogel and Shape Memory Cryogel. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:36353-36365. [PMID: 35930741 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanofibers functionalized with multiple aldehyde group were synthesized as the crosslinker to produce composite self-healing hydrogel and shape memory cryogel from chitosan. The hydrogel possessed effective self-healing (∼100% efficiency) and shear-thinning properties. The cryogel had macroporous structure, large water absorption (>4300%), and high compressibility. Both hydrogel and cryogel were injectable. In particular, the cryogel (nanocellulose/chitosan 1:6) revealed thermally induced shape memory, the mechanism of which was elucidated by in situ small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) as changes in orientation of the induced crystalline structure during the shape memory program. The shape memory cryogel with a large size (15 mm × 10 mm × 1.1 mm) injected through a 16 G syringe needle was recoverable in 37 °C water. Moreover, the cryogel was cytocompatible and promoted cell growth. The nanocellulose-chitosan composite hydrogel and cryogel are injectable and degradable biomaterials with adjustable mechanical properties for potential medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ting Juan
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Ho Lin
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chui-Wei Wong
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - U-Ser Jeng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Feng Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shan-Hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan, ROC
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16
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Adedeji OE, Choi JY, Park GE, Kang HJ, Aminu MO, Min JH, Chinma CE, Moon KD, Jung YH. Formulation and characterization of an interpenetrating network hydrogel of locust bean gum and cellulose microfibrils for 3D printing. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2022.103086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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17
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Lv B, Zhao Y, Li N, Yu Y, Wu Y, Gu M. Triaxial Mechanical Properties and Mechanism of Waterborne Polyurethane-Reinforced Road Demolition Waste as Road Bases. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132725. [PMID: 35808770 PMCID: PMC9269553 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The recycling and reuse of construction waste have not only effectively protected natural resources but also promoted the sustainable development of the environment. Therefore, in this article, waterborne polyurethane (WPU) as a promising new polymer reinforcement material was proposed to reinforce the road demolition waste (RDW), and the mechanical performance of WPU-reinforced RDW (named PURD) was investigated using triaxial unconsolidated and undrained shear (UU) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) tests. The results showed that under the same curing time and confining pressure, the shear strength of PURD increased with the increase in WPU content. When the WPU content was 6%, the WPU presented the best reinforcement effect on RA. The failure strain of PURD increased with the increase in confining pressure, but increased first and then reduced with the increase in WPU content. The specimens with 5% WPU content showed the best ductility. At the curing time of 7 and 28 days, the internal friction angle and cohesion of PURD increased with the increase in WPU content, and they reached a maximum when the WPU content was 6%. The internal friction angle barely budged, but the cohesion increased obviously. The enhancement effect of WPU was attributed to the spatial reticular membrane structure produced by wrapping and bonding particles with the WPU film. Microscopic analysis showed that with the increase in WPU content, the internal pore and crack size of PURD gradually decreased. As the WPU content increased, the WPU film became increasingly thicker, which increased the adhesion between WPU and RA particles and made the structure of PURD become increasingly denser.
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18
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Chen TC, Wong CW, Hsu SH. Three-dimensional printing of chitosan cryogel as injectable and shape recoverable scaffolds. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 285:119228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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19
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Vadillo J, Larraza I, Calvo-Correas T, Gabilondo N, Derail C, Eceiza A. Bioactive inks suitable for 3D printing based on waterborne polyurethane urea, cellulose nanocrystals and Salvia extract. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Huang Y, Zhao H, Wang X, Liu X, Gao Z, Bai H, Lv F, Gu Q, Wang S. Polyurethane-gelatin methacryloyl hybrid ink for 3D printing of biocompatible and tough vascular networks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6894-6897. [PMID: 35638877 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02176e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A polyurethane-gelatin methacryloyl (PU-GelMA) hybrid ink was developed as a photo-crosslinkable elastic hydrogel. With the additional acrylic monomer, the ink can be tuned to accommodate elasticity and printability. Attributed to the shear-thinning properties of GelMA, PU-GelMA was preferable for extrusion printing. 3D-constructs were printed by direct extrusion or by using a sacrificial scaffold to resemble the vascular networks. The proliferation of endothelial cells on the PU-GelMA hydrogel indicated decent biocompatibility and potential utilization in artificial vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Hao Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Xinhuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Haotian Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Fengting Lv
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Qi Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China. .,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
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21
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Chen JK, Huang HY, Tu CW, Lee LT, Jamnongkan T, Huang CF. SI ATRP for the Surface Modifications of Optically Transparent Paper Films Made by TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14050946. [PMID: 35267769 PMCID: PMC8912791 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Applications of cellulose nanofibers currently match the demands of biodegradable and renewable constituent biocomposites. In this study, we studied the process of preparing TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNs). These nano-sized cellulose fibers (ca. 11 nm) can be fabricated to high transmittance and optically transparent paper (OP) films. Then the OP films can be facilely immobilized initiating sites for the subsequent surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI ATRP). We investigated SI ATRP with styrene (St) kinetics and monitored chemical structure changes of the OP surfaces. The obtained OP-g-PSt significantly led to enhance thermal stability and alter the OP surface with hydrophobic compared to that of pristine OP film. Characterization was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–Vis spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), and water contact angle (WCA) measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jem-Kun Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan;
| | - Hsiang-Ya Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Wei Tu
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, Chutung, Hsinchu 31057, Taiwan;
| | - Li-Ting Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan;
| | - Tongsai Jamnongkan
- Department of Fundamental Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Science at Sriracha, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Correspondence: (T.J.); (C.-F.H.)
| | - Chih-Feng Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (T.J.); (C.-F.H.)
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22
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Tarrahi R, Khataee A, Karimi A, Yoon Y. The latest achievements in plant cellulose-based biomaterials for tissue engineering focusing on skin repair. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132529. [PMID: 34637866 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present work reviews recent developments in plant cellulose-based biomaterial design and applications, properties, characterizations, and synthesis for skin tissue engineering and wound healing. Cellulose-based biomaterials are promising materials for their remarkable adaptability with three-dimensional polymeric structure. They are capable of mimicking tissue properties, which plays a key role in tissue engineering. Besides, concerns for environmental issues have motivated scientists to move toward eco-friendly materials and natural polymer-based materials for applications in the tissue engineering field these days. Therefore, cellulose as an appropriate substitute for common polymers based on crude coal, animal, and human-derived biomolecules is greatly considered for various applications in biomedical fields. Generally, natural biomaterials lack good mechanical properties for skin tissue engineering. But using modified cellulose-based biopolymers tackles these restrictions and prevents immunogenic responses. Moreover, tissue engineering is a quick promoting field focusing on the generation of novel biomaterials with modified characteristics to improve scaffold function through physical, biochemical, and chemical tailoring. Also, nanocellulose with a broad range of applications, particularly in tissue engineering, advanced wound dressing, and as a material for coupling with drugs and sensorics, has been reviewed here. Moreover, the potential cytotoxicity and immunogenicity of cellulose-based biomaterials are addressed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshanak Tarrahi
- Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, 14496-14535, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Turkey
| | - Afzal Karimi
- Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, 1449614535, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yeojoon Yoon
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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23
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Wang M, Miao X, Li H, Chen C. Effect of Length of Cellulose Nanofibers on Mechanical Reinforcement of Polyvinyl Alcohol. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:128. [PMID: 35012151 PMCID: PMC8747125 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulose nanofibers (CNF), representing the nano-structured cellulose, have attained an extensive research attention due to their sustainability, biodegradability, nanoscale dimensions, large surface area, unique optical and mechanical performance, etc. Different lengths of CNF can lead to different extents of entanglements or network-like structures through van der Waals forces. In this study, a series of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite films, reinforced with CNF of different lengths, were fabricated via conventional solvent casting technique. CNF were extracted from jute fibers by tuning the dosage of sodium hypochlorite during the TEMPO-mediated oxidation. The mechanical properties and thermal behavior were observed to be significantly improved, while the optical transparency decreased slightly (Tr. > 75%). Interestingly, the PVA/CNF20 nanocomposite films exhibited higher tensile strength of 34.22 MPa at 2 wt% filler loading than the PVA/CNF10 (32.55 MPa) while displayed higher elastic modulus of 482.75 MPa than the PVA/CNF20 films (405.80 MPa). Overall, the findings reported in this study provide a novel, simple and inexpensive approach for preparing the high-performance polymer nanocomposites with tunable mechanical properties, reinforced with an abundant and renewable material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Wang
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (M.W.); (C.C.)
| | - Xiaran Miao
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Hui Li
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (M.W.); (C.C.)
| | - Chunhai Chen
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (M.W.); (C.C.)
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24
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Effect of Kraft lignin and palm kernel oil as substitutes of petroleum-based polyols on the properties of viscoelastic polyurethane foams. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02827-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Pal AK, Mohanty AK, Misra M. Additive manufacturing technology of polymeric materials for customized products: recent developments and future prospective. RSC Adv 2021; 11:36398-36438. [PMID: 35494368 PMCID: PMC9043570 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04060j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide demand for additive manufacturing (AM) is increasing due to its ability to produce more challenging customized objects based on the process parameters for engineering applications. The processing of conventional materials by AM processes is a critically demanded research stream, which has generated a path-breaking scenario in the rapid manufacturing and upcycling of plastics. The exponential growth of AM in the worldwide polymer market is expected to exceed 20 billion US dollars by 2021 in areas of automotive, medical, aerospace, energy and customized consumer products. The development of functional polymers and composites by 3D printing-based technologies has been explored significantly due to its cost-effective, easier integration into customized geometries, higher efficacy, higher precision, freedom of material utilization as compared to traditional injection molding, and thermoforming techniques. Since polymers are the most explored class of materials in AM to overcome the limitations, this review describes the latest research conducted on petroleum-based polymers and their composites using various AM techniques such as fused filament fabrication (FFF), selective laser sintering (SLS), and stereolithography (SLA) related to 3D printing in engineering applications such as biomedical, automotive, aerospace and electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh Kumar Pal
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph Crop Science Building, 50 Stone Road East Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Amar K Mohanty
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph Crop Science Building, 50 Stone Road East Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph Thornbrough Building, 50 Stone Road East Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Manjusri Misra
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph Crop Science Building, 50 Stone Road East Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph Thornbrough Building, 50 Stone Road East Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
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26
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Phookum T, Siripongpreda T, Rodthongkum N, Ummartyotin S. Development of cellulose from recycled office waste paper-based composite as a platform for the colorimetric sensor in food spoilage indicator. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02785-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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Saddique A, Cheong IW. Recent advances in three-dimensional bioprinted nanocellulose-based hydrogel scaffolds for biomedical applications. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0926-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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28
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Highly Insulative PEG-Grafted Cellulose Polyurethane Foams-From Synthesis to Application Properties. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216363. [PMID: 34771890 PMCID: PMC8585346 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, native cellulose I was subjected to alkaline treatment. As a result, cellulose I was transformed to cellulose II and some nanometric particles were formed. Both polymorphic forms of cellulose were modified with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and then used as fillers for polyurethane. Composites were prepared in a one-step process. Cellulosic fillers were characterized in terms of their chemical (Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy) and supermolecular structure (X-ray diffraction), as well as their particle size. Investigation of composite polyurethane included measurements of density, characteristic processing times of foam formation, compression strength, dimensional stability, water absorption, and thermal conductivity. Much focus was put on the application aspect of the produced insulation polyurethane foams. It was shown that modification of cellulosic filler with poly(ethylene glycol) has a positive influence on formation of polyurethane composites—if modified filler was used, the values of compression strength and density increased, while water sorption and thermal conductivity decreased. Moreover, it was proven that the introduction of cellulosic fillers into the polyurethane matrix does not deteriorate the strength or thermal properties of the foams, and that composites with such fillers have good application potential.
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29
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Natural rubber biocomposites based on nanocrystalline and modified nanocrystalline cellulose: curing, mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02750-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Liu Y, Glenn J, Tran K, Zhang M, Zhou H, Soleimani M, Lucas F, Winnik MA. Film Formation of Waterborne 2K Polyurethanes: Effect of Polyols Containing Different Carboxylic Acid Content. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Joshua Glenn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Kenneth Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Margaret Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mohsen Soleimani
- Advanced Materials and Systems Research, BASF, Wyandotte, Michigan 48192, United States
| | - Frédéric Lucas
- Advanced Materials and Systems Research, BASF, 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Mitchell A. Winnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
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31
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Wasim M, Shi F, Liu J, Farooq A, Khan SU, Salam A, Hassan T, Zhao X. An overview of Zn/ZnO modified cellulosic nanocomposites and their potential applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02689-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Ibarra-Berumen J, Rosales-Castro M, Ordaz-Pichardo C. Potential use of wood metabolites for cancer treatment. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:4293-4309. [PMID: 34459687 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1972420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The study of medicinal plants for cancer treatment has gained attention due to an increasing incidence of cancer worldwide and antineoplastics-related undesirable secondary effects. Most of the natural products of medicinal plants that have been evaluated for cytotoxic activity, are derived from leaves, bark, roots and flowers. However, natural products derived from wood have demonstrated a cytotoxic effect with promising results. Moreover, some fractions and compounds have been isolated of wood in order to increase the effect. This review presents in vitro experimental evidence of cytotoxic effect of natural products from wood against cancer cell lines. It also provides considerations and recommendations to obtain herbal medicines over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Ibarra-Berumen
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Durango, Durango, Durango, México
| | - Martha Rosales-Castro
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Durango, Durango, Durango, México
| | - Cynthia Ordaz-Pichardo
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Productos Naturales, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía (ENMH), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, México
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Vadillo J, Larraza I, Calvo-Correas T, Gabilondo N, Derail C, Eceiza A. Design of a Waterborne Polyurethane-Urea Ink for Direct Ink Writing 3D Printing. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:3287. [PMID: 34198656 PMCID: PMC8232083 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol (PCL-PEG) based waterborne polyurethane-urea (WBPUU) inks have been developed for an extrusion-based 3D printing technology. The WBPUU, synthesized from an optimized ratio of hydrophobic polycaprolactone diol and hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (0.2:0.8) in the soft segment, is able to form a physical gel at low solid contents. WBPUU inks with different solid contents have been synthesized. The rheology of the prepared systems was studied and the WBPUUs were subsequently used in the printing of different pieces to demonstrate the relationship between their rheological properties and their printing viability, establishing an optimal window of compositions for the developed WBPUU based inks. The results showed that the increase in solid content results in more structured inks, presenting a higher storage modulus as well as lower tan δ values, allowing for the improvement of the ink's shape fidelity. However, an increase in solid content also leads to an increase in the yield point and viscosity, leading to printability limitations. From among all printable systems, the WBPUU with a solid content of 32 wt% is proposed to be the more suitable ink for a successful printing performance, presenting both adequate printability and good shape fidelity, which leads to the realization of a recognizable and accurate 3D construct and an understanding of its relationship with rheological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julen Vadillo
- Materials + Technologies Research Group (GMT), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Gipuzkoa, University of Basque Country, Plz. Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (J.V.); (I.L.); (T.C.-C.); (N.G.)
- Universite de Pau et Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, UMR5254, Institut des Sciences Analytiques & de PhysicoChimie pour l’Environnement & les Matériaux, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Izaskun Larraza
- Materials + Technologies Research Group (GMT), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Gipuzkoa, University of Basque Country, Plz. Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (J.V.); (I.L.); (T.C.-C.); (N.G.)
| | - Tamara Calvo-Correas
- Materials + Technologies Research Group (GMT), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Gipuzkoa, University of Basque Country, Plz. Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (J.V.); (I.L.); (T.C.-C.); (N.G.)
| | - Nagore Gabilondo
- Materials + Technologies Research Group (GMT), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Gipuzkoa, University of Basque Country, Plz. Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (J.V.); (I.L.); (T.C.-C.); (N.G.)
| | - Christophe Derail
- Universite de Pau et Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, UMR5254, Institut des Sciences Analytiques & de PhysicoChimie pour l’Environnement & les Matériaux, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Arantxa Eceiza
- Materials + Technologies Research Group (GMT), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Gipuzkoa, University of Basque Country, Plz. Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (J.V.); (I.L.); (T.C.-C.); (N.G.)
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Effect of Cellulose Nanofibrils on the Properties of Jatropha Oil-Based Waterborne Polyurethane Nanocomposite Film. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13091460. [PMID: 33946517 PMCID: PMC8124478 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to study the influence of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) on the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of Jatropha oil-based waterborne polyurethane (WBPU) nanocomposite films. The polyol to produce polyurethane was synthesized from crude Jatropha oil through epoxidation and ring-opening method. The chain extender, 1,6-hexanediol, was used to improve film elasticity by 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 wt.% of CNF loading was incorporated to enhance film performance. Mechanical performance was studied using a universal test machine as specified in ASTM D638-03 Type V and was achieved by 0.18 MPa at 0.5 wt.% of CNF. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed to measure the temperature of degradation and the chemical crosslinking and film morphology were studied using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The results showed that when the CNF was incorporated, it was found to enhance the nanocomposite film, in particular its mechanical and thermal properties supported by morphology. Nanocomposite film with 0.5 wt.% of CNF showed the highest improvement in terms of tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and thermal degradation. Although the contact angle decreases as the CNF content increases, the effect on the water absorption of the film was found to be relatively small (<3.5%). The difference between the neat WPBU and the highest CNF loading film was not more than 1%, even after 5 days of being immersed in water.
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Zhou X, Zhang X, Mengyuan P, He X, Zhang C. Bio-based polyurethane aqueous dispersions. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2020-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
With the advances of green chemistry and nanoscience, the synthesis of green, homogenous bio-based waterborne polyurethane (WPU) dispersions with high performance have gained great attention. The presented chapter deals with the recent synthesis of waterborne polyurethane with the biomass, especially the vegetable oils including castor oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, linseed oil, jatropha oil, and palm oil, etc. Meanwhile, the other biomasses, such as cellulose, starch, lignin, chitosan, etc., have also been illustrated with the significant application in preparing polyurethane dispersions. The idea was to highlight the main vegetable oil-based polyols, and the isocyanate, diols as chain extenders, which have supplied a class of raw materials in WPU. The conversion of biomasses into active chemical agents, which can be used in synthesis of WPU, has been discussed in detail. The main mechanisms and methods are also presented. It is suggested that the epoxide ring opening method is still the main route to transform vegetable oils to polyols. Furthermore, the nonisocyanate WPU may be one of the main trends for development of WPU using biomasses, especially the abundant vegetable oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhou
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology , Xi’an University of Technology , Xi’an 710048 , P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Xi’an University of Technology , Xi’an 710048 , P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology , Xi’an University of Technology , Xi’an 710048 , P. R. China
| | - Pu Mengyuan
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology , Xi’an University of Technology , Xi’an 710048 , P. R. China
| | - Xinyu He
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology , Xi’an University of Technology , Xi’an 710048 , P. R. China
| | - Chaoqun Zhang
- College of Materials and Energy , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , P. R. China
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Shen R, Wang H, Wu K, Gao J, Li J. Characterization and antimicrobial properties of ferulic acid grafted self‐assembled bacterial cellulose‐chitosan membranes. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Runyan Shen
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering Guangxi University Nanning China
| | - Haijun Wang
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering Guangxi University Nanning China
| | - Kaizhang Wu
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering Guangxi University Nanning China
| | - Jie Gao
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering Guangxi University Nanning China
| | - Jianbin Li
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering Guangxi University Nanning China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biorefinery Guangxi Academy of Sciences Nanning China
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Abstract
Polyurethanes (PUs) are unique polymers that can be tailored to suit certain applications and are increasingly used in many industrial fields. Petrochemicals are still used as the main compound to synthesize PUs. Today, environmental concerns arise in the research and technology innovations in developing PUs, especially from vegetable polyols which are having an upsurge. These are driven by the uncertainty and fluctuations of petroleum crude oil price and availability. Jatropha has become a promising substituent to palm oil so as to reduce the competition of food and nonfood in utilizing this natural resource. Apart from that, jatropha will solve the problem related to the European banning of palm oil. Herein, we review the literature on the synthesis of PUs using different vegetable oils and compare it with jatropha oil and its nanocomposites reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals. Given the potential of vegetable oil PUs in many industrial applications, we expect that they will increase commercial interest and scientific research to bring these materials to the market soon.
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Shavandi A, Hosseini S, Okoro OV, Nie L, Eghbali Babadi F, Melchels F. 3D Bioprinting of Lignocellulosic Biomaterials. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2001472. [PMID: 33103365 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The interest in bioprinting of sustainable biomaterials is rapidly growing, and lignocellulosic biomaterials have a unique role in this development. Lignocellulosic materials are biocompatible and possess tunable mechanical properties, and therefore promising for use in the field of 3D-printed biomaterials. This review aims to spotlight the recent progress on the application of different lignocellulosic materials (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) from various sources (wood, bacteria, and fungi) in different forms (including nanocrystals and nanofibers in 3D bioprinting). Their crystallinity, leading to water insolubility and the presence of suspended nanostructures, makes these polymers stand out among hydrogel-forming biomaterials. These unique structures give rise to favorable properties such as high ink viscosity and strength and toughness of the final hydrogel, even when used at low concentrations. In this review, the application of lignocellulosic polymers with other components in inks is reported for 3D bioprinting and identified supercritical CO2 as a potential sterilization method for 3D-printed cellulosic materials. This review also focuses on the areas of potential development by highlighting the opportunities and unmet challenges such as the need for standardization of the production, biocompatibility, and biodegradability of the cellulosic materials that underscore the direction of future research into the 3D biofabrication of cellulose-based biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Shavandi
- BioMatter–Biomass Transformation Lab (BTL), École Polytechnique de Bruxelles Université Libre de Bruxelles Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50‐CP 165/61 Brussels 1050 Belgium
| | - Soraya Hosseini
- Department of Chemical Engineering National Chung Cheng University Chiayi 62102 Taiwan
| | - Oseweuba Valentine Okoro
- Department of Process Engineering Stellenbosch University Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602 South Africa
| | - Lei Nie
- College of Life Sciences Xinyang Normal University Xinyang 464000 China
| | - Farahnaz Eghbali Babadi
- Bio‐Circular‐Green‐economy Technology & Engineering Center BCGeTEC Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Phayathai Road Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Ferry Melchels
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering School of Engineering and Physical Sciences Heriot‐Watt University Edinburgh EH14 4AS UK
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Lu WC, Chuang FS, Venkatesan M, Cho CJ, Chen PY, Tzeng YR, Yu YY, Rwei SP, Kuo CC. Synthesis of Water Resistance and Moisture-Permeable Nanofiber Using Sodium Alginate-Functionalized Waterborne Polyurethane. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2882. [PMID: 33271805 PMCID: PMC7761416 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of nontoxic and biodegradable alginate-based materials has been a continual goal in biological applications. However, their hydrophilic nature and lack of spinnability impart water instability and poor mechanical strength to the nanofiber. To overcome these limitations, sodium alginate (SA) and waterborne polyurethane (WPU) were blended and crosslinked with calcium chloride; 30 wt % of SA exhibited good compatibility. Further addition of 10 wt % calcium chloride improved the water stability to an extremely humid region. Furthermore, the stress-strain curve revealed that the initial modulus and the elongation strength of the WPU/SA and WPU/CA blends increased with SA content, and the crosslinker concentration clearly indicated the dressing material hardness resulted from this simple blend strategy. The WPU/SA30 electrospun nanofibrous blend contained porous membranes; it exhibited good mechanical strength with water-stable, water-absorbable (37.5 wt %), and moisture-permeable (25.1 g/m2-24 h) characteristics, suggesting our cost-effective material could function as an effective wound dressing material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chi Lu
- Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (W.-C.L.); (M.V.); (P.-Y.C.); (Y.-R.T.); (S.-P.R.)
- Department of Applied Cosmetology, Lee-Ming Institute of Technology, New Taipei City 243083, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Sheng Chuang
- Department of Fashion and Design, Lee-Ming Institute of Technology, New Taipei City 243083, Taiwan;
| | - Manikandan Venkatesan
- Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (W.-C.L.); (M.V.); (P.-Y.C.); (Y.-R.T.); (S.-P.R.)
| | - Chia-Jung Cho
- Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (W.-C.L.); (M.V.); (P.-Y.C.); (Y.-R.T.); (S.-P.R.)
| | - Po-Yun Chen
- Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (W.-C.L.); (M.V.); (P.-Y.C.); (Y.-R.T.); (S.-P.R.)
| | - Yung-Ru Tzeng
- Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (W.-C.L.); (M.V.); (P.-Y.C.); (Y.-R.T.); (S.-P.R.)
| | - Yang-Yen Yu
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan;
| | - Syang-Peng Rwei
- Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (W.-C.L.); (M.V.); (P.-Y.C.); (Y.-R.T.); (S.-P.R.)
| | - Chi-Ching Kuo
- Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (W.-C.L.); (M.V.); (P.-Y.C.); (Y.-R.T.); (S.-P.R.)
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Tu CW, Tsai FC, Chen JK, Wang HP, Lee RH, Zhang J, Chen T, Wang CC, Huang CF. Preparations of Tough and Conductive PAMPS/PAA Double Network Hydrogels Containing Cellulose Nanofibers and Polypyrroles. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2835. [PMID: 33260522 PMCID: PMC7760924 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To afford an intact double network (sample abbr.: DN) hydrogel, two-step crosslinking reactions of poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) (i.e., PAMPS first network) and then poly(acrylic acid) (i.e., PAA second network) were conducted both in the presence of crosslinker (N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA)). Similar to the two-step processes, different contents of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCN: 1, 2, and 3 wt.%) were initially dispersed in the first network solutions and then crosslinked. The TOCN-containing PAMPS first networks subsequently soaked in AA and crosslinker and conducted the second network crosslinking reactions (TOCN was then abbreviated as T for DN samples). As the third step, various (T-)DN hydrogels were then treated with different concentrations of FeCl3(aq) solutions (5, 50, 100, and 200 mM). Through incorporations of ferric ions into (T-)DN hydrogels, notably, three purposes are targeted: (i) strengthen the (T-)DN hydrogels through ionic bonding, (ii) significantly render ionic conductivity of hydrogels, and (iii) serve as a catalyst for the forth step to proceed with in situ chemical oxidative polymerizations of pyrroles to afford polypyrrole-containing (sample abbr.: Py) hydrogels [i.e., (T-)Py-DN samples]. The characteristic functional groups of PAMPS, PAA, and Py were confirmed by FT-IR. Uniform microstructures were observed by cryo scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM). These results indicated that homogeneous composites of T-Py-DN hydrogels were obtained through the four-step process. All dry samples showed similar thermal degradation behaviors from the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The T2-Py5-DN sample (i.e., containing 2 wt.% TOCN with 5 mM FeCl3(aq) treatment) showed the best tensile strength and strain at breaking properties (i.e., σTb = 450 kPa and εTb = 106%). With the same compositions, a high conductivity of 3.34 × 10-3 S/cm was acquired. The tough T2-Py5-DN hydrogel displayed good conductive reversibility during several "stretching-and-releasing" cycles of 50-100-0%, demonstrating a promising candidate for bioelectronic or biomaterial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Tu
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, Chutung, Hsinchu 31057, Taiwan;
| | - Fang-Chang Tsai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, School-Soaked of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jem-Kun Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan;
| | - Huei-Ping Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (H.-P.W.); (R.-H.L.)
| | - Rong-Ho Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (H.-P.W.); (R.-H.L.)
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (J.Z.); (T.C.)
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (J.Z.); (T.C.)
| | - Chung-Chi Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Feng Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (H.-P.W.); (R.-H.L.)
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Yadav C, Saini A, Zhang W, You X, Chauhan I, Mohanty P, Li X. Plant-based nanocellulose: A review of routine and recent preparation methods with current progress in its applications as rheology modifier and 3D bioprinting. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:1586-1616. [PMID: 33186649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
"Nanocellulose" have captivated the topical sphere of sturdily escalating market for sustainable materials. The review focuses on the comprehensive understanding of the distinct surface chemistry and functionalities pertaining to the renovation of macro-cellulose at nanodimensional scale to provide an intuition of their processing-structure-function prospective. The abundant availability, cost effectiveness and diverse properties associated with plant-based resources have great economical perspective for developing sustainable cellulose nanomaterials. Hence, emphasis has been given on nanocellulose types obtained from plant-based sources. An overarching goal is to provide the recent advancement in the preparation routes of nanocellulose. Considering the excellent shear thinning/thixotropic/gel-like behavior, the review provids an assemblage of publications specifically dealing with its application as rheology modifier with emphasis on its use as bioink for 3D bioprinting for various biomedical applications. Altogether, this review has been oriented in a way to collocate a collective data starting from the historical perspective of cellulose discovery to modern cellulosic chemistry and its renovation as nanocellulose with recent technological hype for broad spanning applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandravati Yadav
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, PR China.
| | - Arun Saini
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, PR China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, PR China
| | - Xiangyu You
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, PR China
| | - Indu Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar 144011, Punjab, India
| | - Paritosh Mohanty
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Xinping Li
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, PR China.
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Dai M, Wang J, Zhang Y. Improving water resistance of waterborne polyurethane coating with high transparency and good mechanical properties. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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43
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Mohan D, Teong ZK, Bakir AN, Sajab MS, Kaco H. Extending Cellulose-Based Polymers Application in Additive Manufacturing Technology: A Review of Recent Approaches. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1876. [PMID: 32825377 PMCID: PMC7563372 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The materials for additive manufacturing (AM) technology have grown substantially over the last few years to fulfill industrial needs. Despite that, the use of bio-based composites for improved mechanical properties and biodegradation is still not fully explored. This limits the universal expansion of AM-fabricated products due to the incompatibility of the products made from petroleum-derived resources. The development of naturally-derived polymers for AM materials is promising with the increasing number of studies in recent years owing to their biodegradation and biocompatibility. Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer that possesses many favorable properties to be incorporated into AM materials, which have been continuously focused on in recent years. This critical review discusses the development of AM technologies and materials, cellulose-based polymers, cellulose-based three-dimensional (3D) printing filaments, liquid deposition modeling of cellulose, and four-dimensional (4D) printing of cellulose-based materials. Cellulose-based AM material applications and the limitations with future developments are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denesh Mohan
- Research Center for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (D.M.); (Z.K.T.); (A.N.B.)
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zee Khai Teong
- Research Center for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (D.M.); (Z.K.T.); (A.N.B.)
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Afifah Nabilah Bakir
- Research Center for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (D.M.); (Z.K.T.); (A.N.B.)
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shaiful Sajab
- Research Center for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (D.M.); (Z.K.T.); (A.N.B.)
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hatika Kaco
- Kolej GENIUS Insan, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia;
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Michel R, Auzély-Velty R. Hydrogel-Colloid Composite Bioinks for Targeted Tissue-Printing. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2949-2965. [PMID: 32568527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of extrusion-based bioprinting for tissue engineering is conditioned by the design of bioinks displaying adequate printability, shape stability, and postprinting bioactivity. In this context, simple bioink formulations, made of cells supported by a polymer matrix, often lack the necessary versatility. To address this issue, intense research work has been focused on introducing colloidal particles into the ink formulation. By creating weak cross-links between polymer chains, added particles modify the rheology and mechanical behavior of bioinks to improve their printability and structural integrity. Additionally, nano- and microscopic particles display composition- and structure-specific properties that can affect the cellular behavior and enhance the formation of tissue within the printed material. This Review offers a comprehensive picture of the role of colloids in bioprinting from a physicochemical and biological perspective. As such, it provides guidance on devising adaptable bioinks for the fabrication of biomimetic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Michel
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV)-CNRS, 601, rue de la Chimie, BP 53, 38041 CEDEX 9 Grenoble, France
| | - Rachel Auzély-Velty
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV)-CNRS, 601, rue de la Chimie, BP 53, 38041 CEDEX 9 Grenoble, France
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Griffin M, Castro N, Bas O, Saifzadeh S, Butler P, Hutmacher DW. The Current Versatility of Polyurethane Three-Dimensional Printing for Biomedical Applications. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 26:272-283. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Griffin
- Charles Wolfson Centre for Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan Castro
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Onur Bas
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Siamak Saifzadeh
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter Butler
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dietmar Werner Hutmacher
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Ghilan A, Chiriac AP, Nita LE, Rusu AG, Neamtu I, Chiriac VM. Trends in 3D Printing Processes for Biomedical Field: Opportunities and Challenges. JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT 2020; 28:1345-1367. [PMID: 32435165 PMCID: PMC7224028 DOI: 10.1007/s10924-020-01722-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Ghilan
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic Polymers, 41-A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, Iasi, 700487 Romania
| | - Aurica P. Chiriac
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic Polymers, 41-A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, Iasi, 700487 Romania
| | - Loredana E. Nita
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic Polymers, 41-A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, Iasi, 700487 Romania
| | - Alina G. Rusu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic Polymers, 41-A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, Iasi, 700487 Romania
| | - Iordana Neamtu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic Polymers, 41-A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, Iasi, 700487 Romania
| | - Vlad Mihai Chiriac
- “Gh. Asachi” Technical University, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology, Bd. Carol I, 11A, Iasi, 700506 Romania
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Ji A, Zhang S, Bhagia S, Yoo CG, Ragauskas AJ. 3D printing of biomass-derived composites: application and characterization approaches. RSC Adv 2020; 10:21698-21723. [PMID: 35516598 PMCID: PMC9054612 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03620j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomass-derived 3D printing has attracted interests because of its developing technology and availability with renewable materials as well as compatible characteristics for many applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Ji
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry
- Syracuse
- USA
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
| | | | - Chang Geun Yoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry
- Syracuse
- USA
| | - Arthur J. Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
- Biosciences Division
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48
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Xu CA, Nan B, Lu M, Qu Z, Tan Z, Wu K, Shi J. Effects of polysiloxanes with different molecular weights on in vitro cytotoxicity and properties of polyurethane/cotton–cellulose nanofiber nanocomposite films. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00809e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A series of polyurethane/cotton–cellulose nanofiber nanocomposite films are manufactured using amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, polycarbonate diol, isophorone diisocyanate, and dispersed cotton–cellulose nanofibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-An Xu
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510650
- PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Bingfei Nan
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510650
- PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Mangeng Lu
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510650
- PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Zhencai Qu
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510650
- PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Zhiyou Tan
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510650
- PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Kun Wu
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510650
- PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Jun Shi
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510650
- PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Cellulose Nanofibers and Other Biopolymers for Biomedical Applications. A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app10010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biopolymers are materials synthesised or derived from natural sources, such as plants, animals, microorganisms or any other living organism. The use of these polymers has grown significantly in recent years as industry shifts away from unsustainable fossil fuel resources and looks towards a softer and more sustainable environmental approach. This review article covers the main classes of biopolymers: Polysaccharides, proteins, microbial-derived and lignin. In addition, an overview of the leading biomedical applications of biopolymers is also provided, which includes tissue engineering, medical implants, wound dressings, and the delivery of bioactive molecules. The future clinical applications of biopolymers are vast, due to their inherent biocompatibility, biodegradability and low immunogenicity. All properties which their synthetic counterparts do not share.
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Surface-Initiated Initiators for Continuous Activator Regeneration (SI ICAR) ATRP of MMA from 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxy (TEMPO) Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers for the Preparations of PMMA Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11101631. [PMID: 31600916 PMCID: PMC6835816 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
An effective method of oxidation from paper pulps via 2,2,6,6–tetramethylpiperidine–1–oxy (TEMPO) compound to obtain TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNs) was demonstrated. Following by acylation, TOCN having an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiating site of bromoisobutyryl moiety (i.e., TOCN–Br) was successfully obtained. Through a facile and practical technique of surface-initiated initiators for continuous activator regeneration atom transfer radical polymerization (SI ICAR ATRP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) from TOCN–Br, controllable grafting polymer chain lengths (Mn = ca. 10k–30k g/mol) with low polydispersity (PDI < 1.2) can be achieved to afford TOCN–g–Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanomaterials. These modifications were monitored by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), and water contact angle analysis. Eventually, TOCN–g–PMMA/PMMA composites were prepared using the solvent blending method. Compared to the pristine PMMA (Tg = 100 °C; tensile strength (σT) = 17.1 MPa), the composites possessed high transparency with enhanced thermal properties and high tensile strength (Tg = 110 °C and σT = 37.2 MPa in 1 wt% TOCN containing case) that were investigated by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and tensile tests. We demonstrated that minor amounts of TOCN–g–PMMA nanofillers can provide high efficacy in improving the mechanical and thermal properties of PMMA matrix.
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