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El-Sheekh M, Alwaleed EA, Kassem WMA, Saber H. Optimizing the fucoidan extraction using Box-Behnken Design and its potential bioactivity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134490. [PMID: 39111494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide that occurs naturally in the cell wall of brown seaweeds and has substantial biological efficacy. Optimizing the extraction of fucoidan from different brown seaweeds was the primary goal of this research. The optimization of fucoidan extraction was applied on the brown macroalga Turbinaria turbinata using a Box-Behnken Design (BBD) to inspect the impacts of different pH (3, 5, 7), temperature (70, 80, 90 °C) and extraction duration (60, 120, 180 min) on both the yield and sulfate content of fucoidan. The optimized parameters recorded to maximize the fucoidan yield and its sulfate content were a pH of 3.44 and a temperature of 82.26 °C for 60 min. The optimal conditions obtained from BBD were used for fucoidan extraction from T. turbinata, Sargassum cinereum, Padina pavonica, and Dictyota dichotoma. The highest average of fucoidan yield was derived from P. pavonica (40.76 ± 4.04 % DW). FTIR, 1H NMR, and HPLC were used to characterize extracted fucoidan. The extracted fucoidan's Physical characteristics, biochemical composition, antioxidant potential, antitumor effect against breast cancer cells (MCF-7), and antimicrobial and anticoagulant activity were assessed. The extracted fucoidan from D. dichotoma, followed by that extracted from S. cinereum, which had the highest sulphate content, depicted the highest antioxidant, anticancer, and anticoagulant activities. Fucoidan has demonstrated a strong antimicrobial action against some pathogenic microorganisms; Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Candida albicans. The anticoagulant properties of fucoidan from D. dichotoma were stronger than those of fucoidan from S. cinereum, T. turbinata, and P. pavonica due to its higher sulphate content. These findings could be used for various biomedical applications to improve the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa El-Sheekh
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, 31527 Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Eman A Alwaleed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, 83523 Qena, Egypt
| | - Wafaa M A Kassem
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, 83523 Qena, Egypt
| | - Hani Saber
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, 83523 Qena, Egypt
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2
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Song L, Niu Y, Chen R, Ju H, Liu Z, Zhang B, Xie W, Gao Y. A Comparative Analysis of the Anti-Tumor Activity of Sixteen Polysaccharide Fractions from Three Large Brown Seaweed, Sargassum horneri, Scytosiphon lomentaria, and Undaria pinnatifida. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:316. [PMID: 39057425 PMCID: PMC11278018 DOI: 10.3390/md22070316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Searching for natural products with anti-tumor activity is an important aspect of cancer research. Seaweed polysaccharides from brown seaweed have shown promising anti-tumor activity; however, their structure, composition, and biological activity vary considerably, depending on many factors. In this study, 16 polysaccharide fractions were extracted and purified from three large brown seaweed species (Sargassum horneri, Scytosiphon lomentaria, and Undaria pinnatifida). The chemical composition analysis revealed that the polysaccharide fractions have varying molecular weights ranging from 8.889 to 729.67 kDa, and sulfate contents ranging from 0.50% to 10.77%. Additionally, they exhibit different monosaccharide compositions and secondary structures. Subsequently, their anti-tumor activity was compared against five tumor cell lines (A549, B16, HeLa, HepG2, and SH-SY5Y). The results showed that different fractions exhibited distinct anti-tumor properties against tumor cells. Flow cytometry and cytoplasmic fluorescence staining (Hoechst/AO staining) further confirmed that these effective fractions significantly induce tumor cell apoptosis without cytotoxicity. qRT-RCR results demonstrated that the polysaccharide fractions up-regulated the expression of Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Caspase-9, and Bax while down-regulating the expression of Bcl-2 and CDK-2. This study comprehensively compared the anti-tumor activity of polysaccharide fractions from large brown seaweed, providing valuable insights into the potent combinations of brown seaweed polysaccharides as anti-tumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (L.S.); (W.X.)
- Wuqiong Food Co., Ltd., Raoping 515726, China
| | - Yunze Niu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.N.); (R.C.); (H.J.); (Z.L.)
| | - Ran Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.N.); (R.C.); (H.J.); (Z.L.)
| | - Hao Ju
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.N.); (R.C.); (H.J.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zijian Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.N.); (R.C.); (H.J.); (Z.L.)
| | - Bida Zhang
- Changdao Aihua Seaweed Food Co., Ltd., Yantai 265800, China
| | - Wancui Xie
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (L.S.); (W.X.)
| | - Yi Gao
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, China
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3
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Liu W, Shen Y, Hou J, Jiang H, Wang Q, Zhang L, Nakajima A, Lee D, Xu J, Guo Y. A fungal polysaccharide from Fomitopsis officinalis as a multi-target molecule to combat cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132543. [PMID: 38788870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Some macrofungi have a long history of being used as traditional or folk medicines, making significant contributions to human health. To discover bioactive molecules with potential anticancer properties, a homogeneous heteropolysaccharide (FOBP90-1) was purified from the medicinal macrofungus Fomitopsis officinalis. FOBP90-1 was found to have a molecular weight of 2.87 × 104 g/mol and mainly consist of →6)-α-d-Galp-(1→, →2,6)-α-d-Galp-(1→, →3)-α-l-Fucp-(1→, →6)-β-d-Glcp-(1→, α-d-Manp-(1→, and 3-O-Me-α-l-Fucp-(1→ according to UV, FT-IR, methylation analysis, and NMR data. In addition to its structural properties, FOBP90-1 displayed anticancer activity in zebrafish models. The following mechanistic analysis discovered that the in vivo antitumor effect was linked to immune activation and angiogenesis inhibition. These effects were mediated by the interactions of FOBP90-1 with TLR-2, TLR-4, PD-L1, and VEGFR-2, as determined through a series of experiments involving cells, transgenic zebrafish, molecular docking simulations, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). All the experimental findings have demonstrated that FOBP90-1, a purified fungal polysaccharide, is expected to be utilized as a cancer treatment agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongye Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiantong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Haojing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilong Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China.
| | - Linsu Zhang
- Qiannan Medical College for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, People's Republic of China
| | - Akira Nakajima
- Department of Applied Biology and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan
| | - Dongho Lee
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.
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Baghel RS, Choudhary B, Pandey S, Pathak PK, Patel MK, Mishra A. Rehashing Our Insight of Seaweeds as a Potential Source of Foods, Nutraceuticals, and Pharmaceuticals. Foods 2023; 12:3642. [PMID: 37835294 PMCID: PMC10573080 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In a few Southeast Asian nations, seaweeds have been a staple of the cuisine since prehistoric times. Seaweeds are currently becoming more and more popular around the world due to their superior nutritional value and medicinal properties. This is because of rising seaweed production on a global scale and substantial research on their composition and bioactivities over the past 20 years. By reviewing several articles in the literature, this review aimed to provide comprehensive information about the primary and secondary metabolites and various classes of bioactive compounds, such as polysaccharides, polyphenols, proteins, and essential fatty acids, along with their bioactivities, in a single article. This review also highlights the potential of seaweeds in the development of nutraceuticals, with a particular focus on their ability to enhance human health and overall well-being. In addition, we discuss the challenges and potential opportunities associated with the advancement of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals derived from seaweeds, as well as their incorporation into different industrial sectors. Furthermore, we find that many bioactive constituents found in seaweeds have demonstrated potential in terms of different therapeutic attributes, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and other properties. In conclusion, seaweed-based bioactive compounds have a huge potential to play an important role in the food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical sectors. However, future research should pay more attention to developing efficient techniques for the extraction and purification of compounds as well as their toxicity analysis, clinical efficacy, mode of action, and interactions with regular diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi S. Baghel
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Panaji 403004, Goa, India;
| | - Babita Choudhary
- Division of Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, CSIR, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India;
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonika Pandey
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel;
| | - Pradeep Kumar Pathak
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel;
| | - Manish Kumar Patel
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel;
| | - Avinash Mishra
- Division of Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, CSIR, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India;
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Graikini D, Soro AB, Sivagnanam SP, Tiwari BK, Sánchez L. Bioactivity of Fucoidan-Rich Extracts from Fucus vesiculosus against Rotavirus and Foodborne Pathogens. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:478. [PMID: 37755091 PMCID: PMC10532486 DOI: 10.3390/md21090478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine algae are sources of bioactive components with defensive properties of great value against microbial infections. This study investigated the bioactivity of extracts from brown algae Fucus vesiculosus against rotavirus, the worldwide leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children. Moreover, one of the extracts was tested against four foodborne bacteria: Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes, and the non-pathogenic: E. coli K12. In vitro tests using MA104 cells revealed that both whole algae extracts and crude fucoidan precipitates neutralized rotavirus in a dose-responsive manner. The maximum neutralization activity was observed when the rotavirus was incubated with 100 μg mL-1 of the hydrochloric acid-obtained crude fucoidan (91.8%), although crude fucoidan extracted using citric acid also demonstrated high values (89.5%) at the same concentration. Furthermore, molecular weight fractionation of extracts decreased their antirotaviral activity and high molecular weight fractions exhibited higher activity compared to those of lower molecular weight. A seaweed extract with high antirotaviral activity was also found to inhibit the growth of C. jejuni, S. Typhimurium, and L. monocytogenes at a concentration of 0.2 mg mL-1. Overall, this study expands the current knowledge regarding the antimicrobial mechanisms of action of extracts from F. vesiculosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Graikini
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón IA2 (UNIZAR-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Arturo B. Soro
- Foodborne Pathogens Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases in Humans, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- Teagasc Ashtown Food Research Centre, D15 DY05 Dublin, Ireland; (S.P.S.); (B.K.T.)
| | - Saravana P. Sivagnanam
- Teagasc Ashtown Food Research Centre, D15 DY05 Dublin, Ireland; (S.P.S.); (B.K.T.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, T12P928 Cork Ireland
| | - Brijesh K. Tiwari
- Teagasc Ashtown Food Research Centre, D15 DY05 Dublin, Ireland; (S.P.S.); (B.K.T.)
| | - Lourdes Sánchez
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón IA2 (UNIZAR-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
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6
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Qin L, Cao J, Xu H, Li N, Wang K, Zhang L, Qu C, Miao J. Structural characterization of a sulfated polysaccharide from Ishige okamurae and its effect on recovery from immunosuppression. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:123948. [PMID: 36898463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
A sulfated polysaccharide from the brown alga Ishige okamurae Yendo, designated IOY, was successfully isolated by anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. Chemical and spectroscopic analyses demonstrated that IOY was a fucoidan, that consisted of →3)-α-l-Fucp-(1→, →4)-α-l-Fucp-(1→, →6)-β-d-Galp-(1 → and →3)-β-d-Galp-(1 → residues with sulfate groups at C-2/C-4 the of (1 → 3)-α-l-Fucp and C-6 the of (1 → 3)-β-d-Galp residues. IOY possessed a potent immunomodulatory effect in vitro as measured by lymphocyte proliferation assay. The immunomodulatory effect of IOY was further investigated in vivo using immunosuppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX). The results showed that IOY significantly increased the spleen and thymus indexes and alleviated CTX-induced spleen and thymus damage. Furthermore, IOY had a significant effect on hematopoietic function recovery and promoted the secretion of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). Notably, IOY reversed CD4+ and CD8+ T cell reduction and improved immune response. These data indicated that IOY had vital in immunomodulatory function and could be used as drug or functional food to lessen chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Junhan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Nianxu Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Changfeng Qu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Jinlai Miao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan, 250100, China.
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7
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Croce ME, Hoshino M, Gauna MC, Parodi ER, Kogame K. Taxonomic study of Scytosiphon (Phaeophyceae) from temperate coasts of Argentina. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2023; 59:383-401. [PMID: 36680561 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Scytosiphon is a common intertidal genus widely distributed on temperate coasts worldwide. Recently, eight species have been delimited with molecular tools. Although S. lomentaria is the only species that predominates in the macroalgal literature of the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (SwAO), unpublished molecular data obtained for a population study of S. lomentaria revealed hidden species diversity of Scytosiphon among the individuals collected from four localities at the SwAO. The aim of this study was to revise the identity and phylogenetic relationships of Scytosiphon from temperate coasts of the SwAO using DNA data. Thalli were collected from the Argentinean coast between 39° S and 43° S, from which cox1 and rbcL gene sequences were obtained. Phylogenies and haplotype networks were inferred and morphology of gametophytes was studied. Four species were recognized, S. lomentaria, S. promiscuus, S. shibazakiorum, and one species that belongs to a complex of species known as "Scytosiphon Atlantic complex." This complex was known to occur only in the North Atlantic, however, the results found in this study revealed that it has an extended distribution range that includes the southern hemisphere, where its populations have high genetic diversity and unique haplotypes. The morphological differences among the four species were subtle; denoting that previous Scytosiphon records from the SwAO attributed to the renowned S. lomentaria could represent different species. In addition, sex ratio and genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analyses were done for populations of S. promiscuus presumably introduced to the SwAO, and the results indicated that they included female-dominant parthenogenetic populations, which were probably introduced from Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Emilia Croce
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, CONICET-Bahía Blanca, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Masakazu Hoshino
- Department of Natural History Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Algal Development and Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maria Cecilia Gauna
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, CONICET-Bahía Blanca, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Elisa R Parodi
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, CONICET-Bahía Blanca, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Kazuhiro Kogame
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Jayawardhana H, Lee HG, Liyanage N, Nagahawatta D, Ryu B, Jeon YJ. Structural characterization and anti-inflammatory potential of sulfated polysaccharides from Scytosiphon lomentaria; attenuate inflammatory signaling pathways. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
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9
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Yan J, Bak J, Go Y, Park J, Park M, Lee HJ, Kim H. Scytosiphon lomentaria Extract Ameliorates Obesity and Modulates Gut Microbiota in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:815. [PMID: 36839173 PMCID: PMC9965426 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Scytosiphon lomentaria (SL) is a brown seaweed with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties; however, its effects on obesity are unknown. In this research, we investigated the anti-obesity properties and underlying mechanisms of the SL extract in vitro and in vivo. In 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, SL extract inhibited lipid accumulation, decreased the expression of Acc1, C/ebpa, Pparg mRNA and p-ACC1, and increased the expression of Ucp1 mRNA, UCP1 and p-AMPK. In animal experiments, mice were fed a chow diet, a high-fat diet (HF; 60% of calories as fat), and high-fat diet with SL extract (150 and 300 mg/kg body weight) for eight weeks (n = 10/group). SL extract reduced HF-induced weight gain, epididymal fat weight, fat cell size, LDL-C, leptin, fasting glucose, and glucose tolerance. In addition, SL extract had comparable effects on mRNA expression in WAT and liver to those observed in vitro, thereby inhibiting p-ACC1/ACC1 and increasing p-AMPK/AMPK and UCP1 expression. Furthermore, SL extract decreased HF-induced Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and reversed HF-reduced Bacteroides spp., Bacteroides vulgatus, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. These findings suggest that SL extract can aid in weight loss in mice fed a high-fat diet by altering adipogenic and thermogenic pathways, as well as gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Bak
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yula Go
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jumin Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyoung Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemee Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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10
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Structural characteristics of native and chemically sulfated polysaccharides from seaweed and their antimelanoma effects. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 289:119436. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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11
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Oliyaei N, Moosavi-Nasab M, Mazloomi SM. Therapeutic activity of fucoidan and carrageenan as marine algal polysaccharides against viruses. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:154. [PMID: 35765662 PMCID: PMC9233728 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03210-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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12
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Zayed A, Avila-Peltroche J, El-Aasr M, Ulber R. Sulfated Galactofucans: An Outstanding Class of Fucoidans with Promising Bioactivities. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:412. [PMID: 35877705 PMCID: PMC9319086 DOI: 10.3390/md20070412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoidans encompass versatile and heterogeneous sulfated biopolysaccharides of marine origin, specifically brown algae and marine invertebrates. Their chemistry and bioactivities have been extensively investigated in the last few decades. The reported studies revealed diverse chemical skeletons in which l-fucose is the main sugar monomer. However, other sugars, i.e., galactose, mannose, etc., have been identified to be interspersed, forming several heteropolymers, including galactofucans/fucogalactans (G-fucoidans). Particularly, sulfated galactofucans are associated with rich chemistry contributing to more promising bioactivities than fucans and other marine polysaccharides. The previous reports in the last 20 years showed that G-fucoidans derived from Undaria pinnatifida were the most studied; 21 bioactivities were investigated, especially antitumor and antiviral activities, and unique biomedical applications compared to other marine polysaccharides were demonstrated. Hence, the current article specifically reviews the biogenic sources, chemistry, and outstanding bioactivities of G-fucoidans providing the opportunity to discover novel drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Zayed
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 49, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, El-Guish Street (Medical Campus), Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | | | - Mona El-Aasr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, El-Guish Street (Medical Campus), Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | - Roland Ulber
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 49, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany;
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13
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Bello-Morales R, Andreu S, Ruiz-Carpio V, Ripa I, López-Guerrero JA. Extracellular Polymeric Substances: Still Promising Antivirals. Viruses 2022; 14:1337. [PMID: 35746808 PMCID: PMC9227104 DOI: 10.3390/v14061337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharides and other polyanions have been promising candidates in antiviral research for decades. These substances gained attention as antivirals when they demonstrated a high inhibitory effect in vitro against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other enveloped viruses. However, that initial interest was followed by wide skepticism when in vivo assays refuted the initial results. In this paper we review the use of sulfated polysaccharides, and other polyanions, in antiviral therapy, focusing on extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs). We maintain that, in spite of those early difficulties, the use of polyanions and, specifically, the use of EPSs, in antiviral therapy should be reconsidered. We base our claim in several points. First, early studies showed that the main disadvantage of sulfated polysaccharides and polyanions is their low bioavailability, but this difficulty can be overcome by the use of adequate administration strategies, such as nebulization of aerosols to gain access to respiratory airways. Second, several sulfated polysaccharides and EPSs have demonstrated to be non-toxic in animals. Finally, these macromolecules are non-specific and therefore they might be used against different variants or even different viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Bello-Morales
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Edificio de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.); (V.R.-C.); (I.R.); (J.A.L.-G.)
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sabina Andreu
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Edificio de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.); (V.R.-C.); (I.R.); (J.A.L.-G.)
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Ruiz-Carpio
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Edificio de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.); (V.R.-C.); (I.R.); (J.A.L.-G.)
| | - Inés Ripa
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Edificio de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.); (V.R.-C.); (I.R.); (J.A.L.-G.)
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio López-Guerrero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Edificio de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.); (V.R.-C.); (I.R.); (J.A.L.-G.)
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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14
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Optimization of the rope seeding method and biochemical characterization of the brown seaweed Asperococcus ensiformis. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Akbari A, Bigham A, Rahimkhoei V, Sharifi S, Jabbari E. Antiviral Polymers: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1634. [PMID: 35566804 PMCID: PMC9101550 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymers, due to their high molecular weight, tunable architecture, functionality, and buffering effect for endosomal escape, possess unique properties as a carrier or prophylactic agent in preventing pandemic outbreak of new viruses. Polymers are used as a carrier to reduce the minimum required dose, bioavailability, and therapeutic effectiveness of antiviral agents. Polymers are also used as multifunctional nanomaterials to, directly or indirectly, inhibit viral infections. Multifunctional polymers can interact directly with envelope glycoproteins on the viral surface to block fusion and entry of the virus in the host cell. Polymers can indirectly mobilize the immune system by activating macrophages and natural killer cells against the invading virus. This review covers natural and synthetic polymers that possess antiviral activity, their mechanism of action, and the effect of material properties like chemical composition, molecular weight, functional groups, and charge density on antiviral activity. Natural polymers like carrageenan, chitosan, fucoidan, and phosphorothioate oligonucleotides, and synthetic polymers like dendrimers and sialylated polymers are reviewed. This review discusses the steps in the viral replication cycle from binding to cell surface receptors to viral-cell fusion, replication, assembly, and release of the virus from the host cell that antiviral polymers interfere with to block viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akbari
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Research Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 57147, Iran; (A.A.); (V.R.)
| | - Ashkan Bigham
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials—National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Viale J.F. Kennedy 54—Mostra d’Oltremare Pad. 20, 80125 Naples, Italy;
| | - Vahid Rahimkhoei
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Research Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 57147, Iran; (A.A.); (V.R.)
| | - Sina Sharifi
- Disruptive Technology Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Esmaiel Jabbari
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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16
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Qin L, Xu H, He Y, Liang C, Wang K, Cao J, Qu C, Miao J. Purification, Chemical Characterization and Immunomodulatory Activity of a Sulfated Polysaccharide from Marine Brown Algae Durvillaea antarctica. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:223. [PMID: 35447896 PMCID: PMC9026115 DOI: 10.3390/md20040223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
An immunomodulatory polysaccharide (DAP4) was extracted, purified, and characterized from Durvillaea antarctica. The results of chemical and spectroscopic analyses demonstrated that the polysaccharide was a fucoidan, and was mainly composed of (1→3)-α-l-Fucp and (1→4)-α-l-Fucp residues with a small degree of branching at C-3 of (1→4)-α-l-Fucp residues. Sulfate groups were at C-4 of (1→3)-α-l-Fucp, C-2 of (1→4)-α-l-Fucp and minor C-6 of (1→4)-β-d-Galp. Small amounts of xylose and galactose exist in the forms of β-d-Xylp-(1→ and β-d-Gal-(1→. The immunomodulatory activity of DAP4 was measured on RAW 264.7 cells, the results proved that DAP4 exhibited excellent immunomodulatory activities, such as promoted the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes, increased NO production, as well as enhanced phagocytic of macrophages. Besides, DAP4 could also produce better enhancement on the vitality of NK cells. For the high immunomodulatory activity, DAP4 might be a potential source of immunomodulatory fucoidan with a novel structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao 266061, China; (L.Q.); (H.X.); (Y.H.); (C.L.); (K.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao 266061, China; (L.Q.); (H.X.); (Y.H.); (C.L.); (K.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Yingying He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao 266061, China; (L.Q.); (H.X.); (Y.H.); (C.L.); (K.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Chen Liang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao 266061, China; (L.Q.); (H.X.); (Y.H.); (C.L.); (K.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao 266061, China; (L.Q.); (H.X.); (Y.H.); (C.L.); (K.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Junhan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao 266061, China; (L.Q.); (H.X.); (Y.H.); (C.L.); (K.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Changfeng Qu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao 266061, China; (L.Q.); (H.X.); (Y.H.); (C.L.); (K.W.); (J.C.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Marine Natural Products R&D Laboratory, Qingdao Key Laboratory, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Jinlai Miao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao 266061, China; (L.Q.); (H.X.); (Y.H.); (C.L.); (K.W.); (J.C.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Marine Natural Products R&D Laboratory, Qingdao Key Laboratory, Qingdao 266061, China
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17
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Arokiarajan MS, Thirunavukkarasu R, Joseph J, Ekaterina O, Aruni W. Advance research in biomedical applications on marine sulfated polysaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:870-881. [PMID: 34843816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Marine ecosystem associated organisms are an affluent source of bioactive compounds. Polysaccharides with unique structural and practical entities have gained special studies interest inside the current biomedical zone. Polysaccharides are the main components of marine algae, plants, animals, insects, and microorganisms. In recent times research on seaweed is more persistent for extraction of natural bioactive "Sulfated polysaccharides" (SPs). The considerable amount of SP exists in the algae in the form of fucans, fucoidans, carrageenans, ulvan, etc. Major function of SPs is to act as a defensive lattice towards the infective organism. All SPs possess the high potential and possess a broad range of therapeutic applications as antitumor, immunomodulatory, vaccine adjuvant, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antiviral, antiprotozoal, antimicrobial, antilipemic, therapy of regenerative medicine, also in drug delivery and tissue engineering application. This review aims to discuss the biomedicine applications of sulfated polysaccharides from marine seaweeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Shamya Arokiarajan
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 119, India
| | - Rajasekar Thirunavukkarasu
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 119, India.
| | - Jerrine Joseph
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 119, India
| | - Obluchinskaya Ekaterina
- Biochemistry and Technology of Hydrobionts, Murmansk marine biological institute of KSC, RAS, Russia
| | - Wilson Aruni
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 119, India
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18
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Ray B, Ali I, Jana S, Mukherjee S, Pal S, Ray S, Schütz M, Marschall M. Antiviral Strategies Using Natural Source-Derived Sulfated Polysaccharides in the Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Major Human Pathogenic Viruses. Viruses 2021; 14:35. [PMID: 35062238 PMCID: PMC8781365 DOI: 10.3390/v14010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Only a mere fraction of the huge variety of human pathogenic viruses can be targeted by the currently available spectrum of antiviral drugs. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak has highlighted the urgent need for molecules that can be deployed quickly to treat novel, developing or re-emerging viral infections. Sulfated polysaccharides are found on the surfaces of both the susceptible host cells and the majority of human viruses, and thus can play an important role during viral infection. Such polysaccharides widely occurring in natural sources, specifically those converted into sulfated varieties, have already proved to possess a high level and sometimes also broad-spectrum antiviral activity. This antiviral potency can be determined through multifold molecular pathways, which in many cases have low profiles of cytotoxicity. Consequently, several new polysaccharide-derived drugs are currently being investigated in clinical settings. We reviewed the present status of research on sulfated polysaccharide-based antiviral agents, their structural characteristics, structure-activity relationships, and the potential of clinical application. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms of sulfated polysaccharides involved in viral infection or in antiviral activity, respectively, are discussed, together with a focus on the emerging methodology contributing to polysaccharide-based drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimalendu Ray
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Subrata Jana
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Shuvam Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Saikat Pal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Sayani Ray
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Martin Schütz
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manfred Marschall
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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19
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Zvyagintseva TN, Usoltseva RV, Shevchenko NM, Surits VV, Imbs TI, Malyarenko OS, Besednova NN, Ivanushko LA, Ermakova SP. Structural diversity of fucoidans and their radioprotective effect. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 273:118551. [PMID: 34560963 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fucoidans are biologically active sulfated polysaccharides of brown algae. They have a great structural diversity and a wide spectrum of biological activity. This review is intended to outline what is currently known about the structures of fucoidans and their radioprotective effect. We classified fucoidans according to their composition and structure, examined the structure of fucoidans of individual representatives of algae, summarized the available data on changes in the yields and compositions of fucoidans during algae development, and focused on information about underexplored radioprotective effect of these polysaccharides. Based on the presented in the review data, it is possible to select algae, which are the sources of fucoidans of desired structures and to determine the best time to harvest them. The use of high purified polysaccharides with established structures increase the value of studies of their biological effects and the determination of the dependence "structure - biological effect".
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana N Zvyagintseva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prosp. 100 Let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Roza V Usoltseva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prosp. 100 Let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
| | - Natalia M Shevchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prosp. 100 Let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Valerii V Surits
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prosp. 100 Let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana I Imbs
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prosp. 100 Let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Olesya S Malyarenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prosp. 100 Let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia N Besednova
- G.P. Somov Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 1, Selskaya str., 690087 Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Lyudmila A Ivanushko
- G.P. Somov Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 1, Selskaya str., 690087 Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana P Ermakova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prosp. 100 Let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russian Federation
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20
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Chaisuwan W, Phimolsiripol Y, Chaiyaso T, Techapun C, Leksawasdi N, Jantanasakulwong K, Rachtanapun P, Wangtueai S, Sommano SR, You S, Regenstein JM, Barba FJ, Seesuriyachan P. The Antiviral Activity of Bacterial, Fungal, and Algal Polysaccharides as Bioactive Ingredients: Potential Uses for Enhancing Immune Systems and Preventing Viruses. Front Nutr 2021; 8:772033. [PMID: 34805253 PMCID: PMC8602887 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.772033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections may cause serious human diseases. For instance, the recent appearance of the novel virus, SARS-CoV-2, causing COVID-19, has spread globally and is a serious public health concern. The consumption of healthy, proper, functional, and nutrient-rich foods has an important role in enhancing an individual's immune system and preventing viral infections. Several polysaccharides from natural sources such as algae, bacteria, and fungi have been considered as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the US Food and Drug Administration. They are safe, low-toxicity, biodegradable, and have biological activities. In this review, the bioactive polysaccharides derived from various microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and algae were evaluated. Antiviral mechanisms of these polysaccharides were discussed. Finally, the potential use of microbial and algal polysaccharides as an antiviral and immune boosting strategy was addressed. The microbial polysaccharides exhibited several bioactivities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antitumor, and immunomodulatory activities. Some microbes are able to produce sulfated polysaccharides, which are well-known to exert a board spectrum of biological activities, especially antiviral properties. Microbial polysaccharide can inhibit various viruses using different mechanisms. Furthermore, these microbial polysaccharides are also able to modulate immune responses to prevent and/or inhibit virus infections. There are many molecular factors influencing their bioactivities, e.g., functional groups, conformations, compositions, and molecular weight. At this stage of development, microbial polysaccharides will be used as adjuvants, nutrient supplements, and for drug delivery to prevent several virus infections, especially SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worraprat Chaisuwan
- Interdisciplinary Program in Biotechnology, Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Yuthana Phimolsiripol
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro-BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thanongsak Chaiyaso
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro-BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Charin Techapun
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro-BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Noppol Leksawasdi
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro-BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kittisak Jantanasakulwong
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro-BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pornchai Rachtanapun
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro-BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sutee Wangtueai
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro-BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- College of Maritime Studies and Management, Chiang Mai University, Samut Sakhon, Thailand
| | - Sarana Rose Sommano
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro-BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory (BAC), Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - SangGuan You
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Joe M. Regenstein
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Francisco J. Barba
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Phisit Seesuriyachan
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro-BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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21
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Zhang W, Wu W, Bao Y, Yan X, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ, Jin W, Mao G. Comparative study on the mechanisms of anti-lung cancer activities of three sulfated galactofucans. Food Funct 2021; 12:10644-10657. [PMID: 34590105 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02062e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Sulfated galactofucans, as the active compositions of fucoidan, were reported to exhibit antitumor activity. In the current study, a sulfated galactofucan (SGF) from Sargassum thunbergii and its three derivatives (SGF-H, SGF-L, and SGF-S) were prepared for structural analysis. Structural analysis showed that SGF-H was a high molecular weight sulfated galactofucan (51.5/17.8 kDa) with a high molar ratio of galactose (Gal) to fucose (Fuc) (0.66 : 1), SGF-L was a low molecular weight sulfated galactofucan (17.7 kDa) with a low molar ratio of Gal to Fuc (0.20 : 1), and SGF-S was a mixture (1.7 kDa) of sulfated galacto-fuco-oligomers or fuco-oligomers. It was noteworthy that the linkage of Gal residues in SGF-H was a β-linkage while SGF-L was an α-linkage. A comparative study on the anti-lung cancer activity in vitro and in vivo, antimetastatic effects, the metastasis-associated protein expression, and binding abilities to fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) of SGF, SGF-H, and SGF-L was performed to understand the structure-activity relationship. To some extent, SGF-L showed the strongest activity in the inhibition of human lung cancer cells A549 cell proliferation, while SGF-H exhibited the strongest activity in the inhibition of human bronchial epithelial cells BEAS-2B cell proliferation. SGF-L showed the strongest antimetastatic activity, followed by SGF-H and SGF. The expression of metastasis-associated proteins showed only a small difference. The in vivo tumor inhibition of SGF, SGF-H, and SGF-L was 45%, 41%, and 31%, respectively. SPR analysis showed SGF-H binds preferentially to FGF1 and FGF2, while SGF-L preferentially binds to FGF7 and FGF10, suggesting that the anti-lung cancer activity from sulfated galactofucan could involve the FGF-FAK/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Wanli Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Yizhong Bao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, China.
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
- Department of Biological Science, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Weihua Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Genxiang Mao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, China.
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22
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Avila-Peltroche J, Won BY, Cho TO. Protoplast isolation from Dictyopteris pacifica and Scytosiphon lomentaria, using a simple commercial enzyme preparation. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:135. [PMID: 34477994 PMCID: PMC8417188 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00226-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protoplasts (i.e., naked plant cells) can be used for in vitro manipulations and genetic improvement in cultivars with economic value. During the last decade, protoplast research in economic brown algae has been scarce, and it is usually hampered by the use of non-commercial enzymes or crude extracts for isolating protoplasts. Dictyopteris pacifica is part of a brown algal genus well known by its wide chemical diversity and biological properties. Scytosiphon lomentaria is an edible brown seaweed with antioxidant, antitumor, and antiviral properties. So far, there are no protoplast isolation protocols using commercial enzymes for these two economic brown algae. In this study, we obtained protoplasts from cultured samples of D. pacifica and S. lomentaria using commercially available enzymes. Additionally, we investigated the effects of Driselase inclusion and Ca-chelation pre-treatment on protoplast yields in order to optimize the conditions for protoplast preparations. RESULTS Protoplasts were isolated from Dictyopteris pacifica and Scytosiphon lomentaria using the commercially available Cellulase Onozuka RS (1%) and Alginate lyase (4 U mL-1), and short incubation time (4 h). Driselase did not show significant effects on protoplast production in both species. Ca-chelation pre-treatment only increased the number of protoplasts in D. pacifica. Under optimal conditions, the protoplast yields from D. pacifica and S. lomentaria were 4.83 ± 2.08 and 74.64 ± 32.49 × 106 protoplasts g-1 fresh weight, respectively. The values obtained for S. lomentaria were 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than previously reported. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that high protoplast yields can be obtained from D. pacifica and S. lomentaria using a simple mixture of commercial enzymes (Cellulase RS and Alginate lyase) and short incubation time (4 h). This work also represents the first report of protoplast isolation in D. pacifica. The method proposed here can help to expand protoplast technology in more brown algal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Avila-Peltroche
- Department of Life Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Korea
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences & BK21 FOUR Educational Research Group for Age-associated Disorder Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Korea
| | - Boo Yeon Won
- Department of Life Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Korea
| | - Tae Oh Cho
- Department of Life Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Korea.
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences & BK21 FOUR Educational Research Group for Age-associated Disorder Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Korea.
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23
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Otero P, Carpena M, Garcia-Oliveira P, Echave J, Soria-Lopez A, Garcia-Perez P, Fraga-Corral M, Cao H, Nie S, Xiao J, Simal-Gandara J, Prieto MA. Seaweed polysaccharides: Emerging extraction technologies, chemical modifications and bioactive properties. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:1901-1929. [PMID: 34463176 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1969534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, consumers are increasingly aware of the relationship between diet and health, showing a greater preference of products from natural origin. In the last decade, seaweeds have outlined as one of the natural sources with more potential to obtain bioactive carbohydrates. Numerous seaweed polysaccharides have aroused the interest of the scientific community, due to their biological activities and their high potential on biomedical, functional food and technological applications. To obtain polysaccharides from seaweeds, it is necessary to find methodologies that improve both yield and quality and that they are profitable. Nowadays, environmentally friendly extraction technologies are a viable alternative to conventional methods for obtaining these products, providing several advantages like reduced number of solvents, energy and time. On the other hand, chemical modification of their structure is a useful approach to improve their solubility and biological properties, and thus enhance the extent of their potential applications since some uses of polysaccharides are still limited. The present review aimed to compile current information about the most relevant seaweed polysaccharides, available extraction and modification methods, as well as a summary of their biological activities, to evaluate knowledge gaps and future trends for the industrial applications of these compounds.Key teaching pointsStructure and biological functions of main seaweed polysaccharides.Emerging extraction methods for sulfate polysaccharides.Chemical modification of seaweeds polysaccharides.Potential industrial applications of seaweed polysaccharides.Biological activities, knowledge gaps and future trends of seaweed polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paz Otero
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - M Carpena
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - P Garcia-Oliveira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - J Echave
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - A Soria-Lopez
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - P Garcia-Perez
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - M Fraga-Corral
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Hui Cao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - J Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - M A Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
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24
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Chen X, Ni L, Fu X, Wang L, Duan D, Huang L, Xu J, Gao X. Molecular Mechanism of Anti-Inflammatory Activities of a Novel Sulfated Galactofucan from Saccharina japonica. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19080430. [PMID: 34436269 PMCID: PMC8398701 DOI: 10.3390/md19080430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweed of Saccharina japonica is the most abundantly cultured brown seaweed in the world, and has been consumed in the food industry due to its nutrition and the unique properties of its polysaccharides. In this study, fucoidan (LJNF3), purified from S. japonica, was found to be a novel sulfated galactofucan, with the monosaccharide of only fucose and galactose in a ratio of 79.22:20.78, and with an 11.36% content of sulfate groups. NMR spectroscopy showed that LJNF3 consists of (1→3)-α-l-fucopyranosyl-4-SO3 residues and (1→6)-β-d-galactopyranose units. The molecular mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect in RAW264.7 demonstrated that LJNF3 reduced the production of nitric oxide (NO), and down-regulated the expression of MAPK (including p38, ENK and JNK) and NF-κB (including p65 and IKKα/IKKβ) signaling pathways. In a zebrafish experiment assay, LJNF3 showed a significantly protective effect, by reducing the cell death rate, inhibiting NO to 59.43%, and decreasing about 40% of reactive oxygen species. This study indicated that LJNF3, which only consisted of fucose and galactose, had the potential to be developed in the biomedical, food and cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Chen
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5th Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.C.); (L.N.); (L.W.); (J.X.); (X.G.)
| | - Liying Ni
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5th Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.C.); (L.N.); (L.W.); (J.X.); (X.G.)
| | - Xiaoting Fu
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5th Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.C.); (L.N.); (L.W.); (J.X.); (X.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-532-8203-2182; Fax: +86-532-8203-2389
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5th Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.C.); (L.N.); (L.W.); (J.X.); (X.G.)
| | - Delin Duan
- State Key Lab of Seaweed Bioactive Substances, Qingdao Bright Moon Seaweed Group Co., Ltd., 1th Daxueyuan Road, Qingdao 266400, China;
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Lab of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7th Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Luqiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Special Marine Bio-Resources Sustainable Utilization of Fujian Province, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350108, China;
| | - Jiachao Xu
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5th Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.C.); (L.N.); (L.W.); (J.X.); (X.G.)
| | - Xin Gao
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5th Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.C.); (L.N.); (L.W.); (J.X.); (X.G.)
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25
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Yu J, Li Q, Wu J, Yang X, Yang S, Zhu W, Liu Y, Tang W, Nie S, Hassouna A, White WL, Zhao Y, Lu J. Fucoidan Extracted From Sporophyll of Undaria pinnatifida Grown in Weihai, China - Chemical Composition and Comparison of Antioxidant Activity of Different Molecular Weight Fractions. Front Nutr 2021; 8:636930. [PMID: 34124117 PMCID: PMC8193228 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.636930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan is a multifunctional marine carbohydrate polymer that differs in its chemical composition and bioactivity both between seaweed species and within species from different locations across the globe. In this study, fucoidan was extracted from the sporophyll of Undaria pinnatifida grown in Weihai, Shandong Province, China. Fucoidan fractions with molecular weight cutoffs (MWCO) of >300 kDa and <10 kDa were obtained via dialysis. The fucoidan standard from Sigma (Fstd, ≥95, CAS: 9072-19-9), fucoidan crude extract (WH), >300 kDa fraction (300k) and <10 kDa fraction (10k) were compared in terms of chemical composition and antioxidant capacity. Based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis, Fstd, WH, and 300k all showed strong bands around 830 cm−1, corresponding to the sulfate substituent in the molecule. The results showed that compared with WH and 300 k, the degree of sulfation at 10k was the lowest. From Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) result, the four fucoidan samples all contain α-L-fucose. The primary antioxidant ability of the 10k is significantly higher than that of the 300k, WH, and Fstd, but the secondary antioxidant capabilities of the 10k and 300k were similar, and both were higher than that of the butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). The ferric reducing antioxidant ability was higher in the 300k and WH fractions. This demonstrates that fucoidan extracted from U. pinnatifida grown in Weihai, China should be a useful nutraceutical resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.,College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotong Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiping Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Quality Inspection and Technical Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Quality Inspection and Technical Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Amira Hassouna
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health and Interdisciplinary Studies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - William Lindsey White
- School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yu Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health and Interdisciplinary Studies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.,Institute of Biomedical Technology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Discovery, Auckland, New Zealand.,College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, China
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26
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Sangtani R, Ghosh A, Jha HC, Parmar HS, Bala K. Potential of algal metabolites for the development of broad-spectrum antiviral therapeutics: Possible implications in COVID-19 therapy. Phytother Res 2021; 35:2296-2316. [PMID: 33210447 PMCID: PMC7753317 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Covid-19 pandemic severely affected human health worldwide. Till October 19, 2020, total confirmed patients of COVID-19 are 39,944,882, whereas 1,111,998 people died across the globe. Till to date, we do not have any specific medicine and/or vaccine to treat COVID-19; however, research is still going on at war footing. So far vaccine development is concerned, here it is noteworthy that till now three major variants (named A, B, and C) of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been recognized. Increased mutational rate and formation of new viral variants may increase the attrition rate of vaccines and/or candidate chemotherapies. Herbal remedies are chemical cocktails, thus open another avenue for effective antiviral therapeutics development. In fact, India is a large country, which is densely populated, but the overall severity of COVID-19 per million populations is lesser than any other country of the world. One of the major reasons for the aforesaid difference is the use of herbal remedies by the Government of India as a preventive measure for COVID-19. Therefore, the present review focuses on the epidemiology and molecular pathogenesis of COVID-19 and explores algal metabolites for their antiviral properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimjhim Sangtani
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical EngineeringIndian Institute of TechnologyIndoreIndia
| | - Atreyee Ghosh
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical EngineeringIndian Institute of TechnologyIndoreIndia
| | - Hem C. Jha
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical EngineeringIndian Institute of TechnologyIndoreIndia
| | | | - Kiran Bala
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical EngineeringIndian Institute of TechnologyIndoreIndia
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27
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Ponce NMA, Stortz CA. A Comprehensive and Comparative Analysis of the Fucoidan Compositional Data Across the Phaeophyceae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:556312. [PMID: 33324429 PMCID: PMC7723892 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.556312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In the current review, compositional data on fucoidans extracted from more than hundred different species were surveyed through the available literature. The analysis of crude extracts, purified extracts or carefully isolated fractions is included in tabular form, discriminating the seaweed source by its taxonomical order (and sometimes the family). This survey was able to encounter some similarities between the different species, as well as some differences. Fractions which were obtained through anion-exchange chromatography or cationic detergent precipitation showed the best separation patterns: the fractions with low charge correspond mostly to highly heterogeneous fucoidans, containing (besides fucose) other monosaccharides like xylose, galactose, mannose, rhamnose, and glucuronic acid, and contain low-sulfate/high uronic acid proportions, whereas those with higher total charge usually contain mainly fucose, accompanied with variable proportions of galactose, are highly sulfated and show almost no uronic acids. The latter fractions are usually the most biologically active. Fractions containing intermediate proportions of both polysaccharides appear at middle ionic strengths. This pattern is common for all the orders of brown seaweeds, and most differences appear from the seaweed source (habitat, season), and from the diverse extraction, purification, and analytitcal methods. The Dictyotales appear to be the most atypical order, as usually large proportions of mannose and uronic acids appear, and thus they obscure the differences between the fractions with different charge. Within the family Alariaceae (order Laminariales), the presence of sulfated galactofucans with high galactose content (almost equal to that of fucose) is especially noteworthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora M. A. Ponce
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Ciudad Universitaria, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR/CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos A. Stortz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Ciudad Universitaria, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR/CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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28
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Bianculli RH, Mase JD, Schulz MD. Antiviral Polymers: Past Approaches and Future Possibilities. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel H. Bianculli
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Jonathan D. Mase
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Michael D. Schulz
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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29
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Liang L, Ahamed A, Ge L, Fu X, Lisak G. Advances in Antiviral Material Development. Chempluschem 2020; 85:2105-2128. [PMID: 32881384 PMCID: PMC7461489 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The rise in human pandemics demands prudent approaches in antiviral material development for disease prevention and treatment via effective protective equipment and therapeutic strategy. However, the current state of the antiviral materials research is predominantly aligned towards drug development and its related areas, catering to the field of pharmaceutical technology. This review distinguishes the research advances in terms of innovative materials exhibiting antiviral activities that take advantage of fast-developing nanotechnology and biopolymer technology. Essential concepts of antiviral principles and underlying mechanisms are illustrated, followed with detailed descriptions of novel antiviral materials including inorganic nanomaterials, organic nanomaterials and biopolymers. The biomedical applications of the antiviral materials are also elaborated based on the specific categorization. Challenges and future prospects are discussed to facilitate the research and development of protective solutions and curative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liang
- School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang Ave, N1 01a–29Singapore639798Singapore
- Interdisciplinary Graduate ProgramNanyang Technological University1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech OneSingapore637141Singapore
- Residues and Resource Reclamation CentreNanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Nanyang Technological University1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech OneSingapore637141Singapore
| | - Ashiq Ahamed
- Residues and Resource Reclamation CentreNanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Nanyang Technological University1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech OneSingapore637141Singapore
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and EngineeringJohan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre Åbo Akademi UniversityFI-20500Turku/ÅboFinland
| | - Liya Ge
- Residues and Resource Reclamation CentreNanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Nanyang Technological University1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech OneSingapore637141Singapore
| | - Xiaoxu Fu
- School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang Ave, N1 01a–29Singapore639798Singapore
- Residues and Resource Reclamation CentreNanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Nanyang Technological University1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech OneSingapore637141Singapore
| | - Grzegorz Lisak
- School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang Ave, N1 01a–29Singapore639798Singapore
- Residues and Resource Reclamation CentreNanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Nanyang Technological University1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech OneSingapore637141Singapore
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30
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Ye J, Chen D, Ye Z, Huang Y, Zhang N, Lui EMK, Xue C, Xiao M. Fucoidan Isolated from Saccharina japonica Inhibits LPS-Induced Inflammation in Macrophages via Blocking NF-κB, MAPK and JAK-STAT Pathways. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E328. [PMID: 32599714 PMCID: PMC7345355 DOI: 10.3390/md18060328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan has been reported to have a variety of biological activities. However, different algae species, extraction methods, harvesting seasons, and growth regions lead to the structural variation of fucoidan, which would affect the bioactivities of fucoidan. To date, the anti-inflammatory properties and the underlying mechanism of fucoidan from brown alga Saccharina japonica (S. japonica) remain limited. The aims of the present study were to investigate the structure, the anti-inflammatory properties, and the potential molecular mechanisms of fucoidan isolated from S. japonica (SF6) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. SF6 was characterized using high performance liquid gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and observed to be rich in fucose, galactose, and sulfate. Additionally, results showed that SF6 remarkably inhibited LPS-induced production of various inflammatory mediators and pro-inflammation cytokines, including nitric oxide (NO), NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-β (IL-β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). A mechanism study showed that SF6 could effectively inhibit inflammatory responses through blocking LPS-induced inflammation pathways, including nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Janus kinase (JAK)-2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-1/3 pathways. These results suggested that SF6 has the potential to be developed as an anti-inflammatory agent applied in functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ye
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (D.C.); (Z.Y.); (Y.H.); (N.Z.); (M.X.)
- Xiamen Engineering and Technological Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Donghui Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (D.C.); (Z.Y.); (Y.H.); (N.Z.); (M.X.)
| | - Zhicheng Ye
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (D.C.); (Z.Y.); (Y.H.); (N.Z.); (M.X.)
| | - Yayan Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (D.C.); (Z.Y.); (Y.H.); (N.Z.); (M.X.)
| | - Na Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (D.C.); (Z.Y.); (Y.H.); (N.Z.); (M.X.)
- Xiamen Engineering and Technological Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Edmund M. K. Lui
- Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada;
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
| | - Meitian Xiao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (D.C.); (Z.Y.); (Y.H.); (N.Z.); (M.X.)
- Xiamen Engineering and Technological Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361021, China
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Structural characterization and antiviral activity of two fucoidans from the brown algae Sargassum henslowianum. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 229:115487. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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