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Macan TP, Magenis ML, Damiani AP, Monteiro IDO, Silveira GDB, Zaccaron RP, Silveira PCL, Teixeira JPF, Gajski G, Andrade VMD. Brazil nut consumption reduces DNA damage in overweight type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2024; 895:503739. [PMID: 38575248 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2024.503739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a metabolic disease, which occurs largely due to unhealthy lifestyle. As oxidative stress is believed to promote T2D, by inducing damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA, appropriate dietary interventions seem critical to prevent, manage, and even reverse this condition. Brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa, H.B.K.) are nature's richest source of selenium, a mineral that has shown several health benefits. Therefore, this study aims to assess the effects of selenium consumption, through Brazil nuts, on biochemical and oxidative stress parameters, and genomic instability in T2D patients. We recruited 133 patients with T2D, registered in the Integrated Clinics of the University of Southern Santa Catarina (Brazil). Participants consumed one Brazil nut a day for six months. Blood samples and exfoliated buccal cells were collected at the beginning and the end of the intervention. The glycemic profile, lipid profile, renal profile and hepatic profile, DNA damage and selenium content were evaluated. A total of 74 participants completed the intervention. Brazil nut consumption increased selenium and GSH levels, GPx, and CAT activity while DCF and nitrites levels decreased. Total thiols increased, and protein carbonyl and MDA levels decreased. Levels of baseline and oxidative DNA damage in T2D patients were significantly decreased, as well as the frequency of micronuclei and nuclear buds. The fasting glucose levels, HDL and LDL cholesterol, and GGT levels that increased significantly in patients with type 2 diabetes were significantly reduced with nut consumption. Our results show an increase in antioxidant activity, along with reductions of protein and lipid oxidation as well as DNA damage, suggesting that Brazil nut consumption could be an ally in reducing oxidative stress and modulating the genomic instability in T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamires Pavei Macan
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Environmental Health Department, Portuguese National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marina Lummertz Magenis
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Adriani Paganini Damiani
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Isadora de Oliveira Monteiro
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gustavo De Bem Silveira
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopathology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Rubya Pereira Zaccaron
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopathology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cesar Lock Silveira
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopathology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Goran Gajski
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vanessa Moraes de Andrade
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
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Plaz Torres MC, Jaffe A, Perry R, Marabotto E, Strazzabosco M, Giannini EG. Diabetes medications and risk of HCC. Hepatology 2022; 76:1880-1897. [PMID: 35239194 PMCID: PMC9790535 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a recognized risk factor for HCC in patients with liver disease, independent from the etiology of their liver disease. Hence, prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its underlying cause, insulin resistance, should be considered a treatment target for patients with liver disease. The drug armamentarium for diabetes is wide and consists of agents with insulin-sensitizing activity, agents that stimulate insulin secretion, insulin itself, and agents that reduce gastrointestinal and urinary glucose absorption. From an endocrinology perspective, the main goal of treatment is the achievement of euglycemia; however, in patients at risk of, or with known underlying liver disease, the choice of diabetic medication as it relates to potential hepatic carcinogenesis remains complex and should be carefully considered. In the last decade, increasing evidence has suggested that metformin may reduce the risk of HCC, whereas evidence for other classes of diabetic medications, particularly some of the newer agents including the sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, is fewer and often inconsistent. In this review, we aim to summarize the current evidence on the potential effects of the most widely used diabetic agents on liver cancer tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Corina Plaz Torres
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal MedicineIRCCS—Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of GenoaGenoaItaly
| | - Ariel Jaffe
- Liver CenterDepartment of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Rachel Perry
- Liver CenterDepartment of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Section of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular PhysiologyYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Elisa Marabotto
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal MedicineIRCCS—Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of GenoaGenoaItaly
| | - Mario Strazzabosco
- Liver CenterDepartment of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Edoardo G. Giannini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal MedicineIRCCS—Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of GenoaGenoaItaly
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3
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Hong X, Hu Y, Yuan Z, Fang Z, Zhang X, Yuan Y, Guo C. Oxidatively Damaged Nucleic Acid: Linking Diabetes and Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:1153-1167. [PMID: 35946074 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Our current knowledge of the mechanism between diabetes and cancer is limited. Oxidatively damaged nucleic acid is considered a critical factor to explore the connections between these two diseases. Recent Advances: The link between diabetes mellitus and cancer has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Emerging evidence supports that oxidatively damaged nucleic acid caused by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species generation and elimination is a bridge connecting diabetes and cancer. 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine assume important roles as biomarkers in assessing the relationship between oxidatively damaged nucleic acid and cancer. Critical Issues: The consequences of diabetes are extensive and may lead to the occurrence of cancer by influencing a combination of factors. At present, there is no direct evidence that diabetes causes cancer by affecting a single factor. Furthermore, the difficulty in controlling variables and differences in detection methods lead to poor reliability and repeatability of results, and there are no clear cutoff values for biomarkers to indicate cancer risk. Future Directions: A better understanding of connections as well as mechanisms between diabetes and cancer is still needed. Both diabetes and cancer are currently intractable diseases. Further exploration of the specific mechanism of oxidatively damaged nucleic acid in the connection between diabetes and cancer is urgently needed. In the future, it is necessary to further take oxidatively damaged nucleic acid as an entry point to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes and cancer. Experimental drugs targeting the repair process of oxidatively generated damage require an extensive preclinical evaluation and could ultimately provide new treatment strategies for these diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 1153-1167.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Hong
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiqiu Hu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Yuan
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihao Fang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Weiss M, Nikisher B, Haran H, Tefft K, Adams J, Edwards JG. High throughput screen of small molecules as potential countermeasures to galactic cosmic radiation induced cellular dysfunction. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2022; 35:76-87. [PMID: 36336373 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Space travel increases galactic cosmic ray exposure to flight crews and this is significantly elevated once travel moves beyond low Earth orbit. This includes combinations of high energy protons and heavy ions such as 56Fe or 16O. There are distinct differences in the biological response to low-energy transfer (x-rays) or high-energy transfer (High-LET). However, given the relatively low fluence rate of exposure during flight operations, it might be possible to manage these deleterious effects using small molecules currently available. Virtually all reports to date examining small molecule management of radiation exposure are based on low-LET challenges. To that end an FDA approved drug library (725 drugs) was used to perform a high throughput screen of cultured cells following exposure to galactic cosmic radiation. The H9c2 myoblasts, ES-D3 pluripotent cells, and Hy926 endothelial cell lines were exposed to a single exposure (75 cGy) using the 5-ion GCRsim protocol developed at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL). Following GCR exposure cells were maintained for up to two weeks. For each drug (@10µM), a hierarchical cumulative score was developed incorporating measures of mitochondrial and cellular function, oxidant stress and cell senescence. The top 160 scores were retested following a similar protocol using 1µM of each drug. Within the 160 drugs, 33 are considered to have an anti-inflammatory capacity, while others also indirectly suppressed pro-inflammatory pathways or had noted antioxidant capacity. Lead candidates came from different drug classes that included angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or AT1 antagonists, COX2 inhibitors, as well as drugs mediated by histamine receptors. Surprisingly, different classes of anti-diabetic medications were observed to be useful including sulfonylureas and metformin. Using a hierarchical decision structure, we have identified several lead candidates. That no one drug or even drug class was completely successful across all parameters tested suggests the complexity of managing the consequences of galactic cosmic radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Weiss
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - B Nikisher
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - H Haran
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - K Tefft
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - J Adams
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - J G Edwards
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York.
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Djelić N, Borozan S, Dimitrijević-Srećković V, Pajović N, Mirilović M, Stopper H, Stanimirović Z. Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Normal, Obese, Prediabetic and Diabetic Persons Exposed to Thyroid Hormone In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169072. [PMID: 36012352 PMCID: PMC9409385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, a chronic group of medical disorders characterized byhyperglycemia, has become a global pandemic. Some hormones may influence the course and outcome of diabetes, especially if they potentiate the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). There is a close relationship between thyroid disorders and diabetes. The main objective of this investigation was to find out whether peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are more prone to DNA damage by triiodothyronine (T3) (0.1, 1 and 10 μM) at various stages of progression through diabetes (obese, prediabetics, and type 2 diabetes mellitus—T2DM persons). In addition, some biochemical parameters of oxidative stress (catalase-CAT, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances—TBARS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were evaluated. PBMCs from prediabetic and diabetic patients exhibited increased sensitivity for T3 regarding elevated level of DNA damage, inhibition of catalase, and increase of TBARS and LDH. PBMCs from obese patients reacted in the same manner, except for DNA damage. The results of this study should contribute to a better understanding of the role of thyroid hormones in the progression of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninoslav Djelić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence:
| | - Sunčica Borozan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Nevena Pajović
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milorad Mirilović
- Department of Economics and Statistics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Zoran Stanimirović
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Cevik M, Caker S, Deliorman G, Cagatay P, Gunduz MK, Susleyici B. The effects of glipizide on DNA damage and nuclear transport in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:1151-1159. [PMID: 35013863 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06942-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite commonly use for treatment of type II diabetes, possible effects of glipizide on nuclear transport and DNA damage in cells are unknown. Since clinical response of glipizide may change with aging, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of glipizide by comparing mature and senescent adipocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS The effects of glipizide were investigated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Effective and lethal doses were determined by real-time monitoring iCELLigence system. Comet assay was performed to determine DNA damage and quantitative PCR was conducted to detect gene expression levels. RAN expressions were found to be up regulated in mature 180 µM glipizide treated adipocytes compared to control group (p < 0.05); whereas down regulated in senescent 180 µM glipizide treated adipocytes compared to their control adipocytes (p < 0.05). Olive Tail Moment values were significantly higher in mature 180 µM glipizide treated adipocytes (MTG) and senescent 180 µM glipizide treated adipocytes (STG) comparing their untreated controls (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001 respectively). Also class 5 comets that shows severe DNA damage were found to be higher in both MTG and STG groups than their controls (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). OTM values were higher in STG than MTG (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study that reports glipizide caused DNA damage increasing with senescence in adipocytes. As a response to glipizide treatment Ran gene expression increased in mature; and decreased in senescent adipocytes. Further studies are needed to reveal the effect of glipizide on DNA and nuclear interactions in molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Cevik
- Division of Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selen Caker
- Division of Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gokce Deliorman
- Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Beykoz University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Penbe Cagatay
- Department of Medical Services and Technics, Vocational School of Health Service, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Belgin Susleyici
- Division of Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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7
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Malek M, Dana N, Ghasemi A, Ghasemi M. The antagonistic atorvastatin-glibenclamide interactions suppressed the atorvastatin-induced Bax/cytochrome c/p53 mRNA expressions and increased Rho A mRNA expression in B16f10 melanoma cell culture. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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Taghizadeh F, Hosseinimehr SJ, Zargari M, Karimpour Malekshah A, Mirzaei M, Talebpour Amiri F. Alleviation of cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity by gliclazide: Involvement of oxidative stress and caspase-3 activity. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00788. [PMID: 34003600 PMCID: PMC8130655 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cisplatin (CP), as an effective alkylating agent, is widely used in cancer treatment, while hepatotoxicity is one of its side effects. Gliclazide (GLZ), as an oral hypoglycemic drug, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study was designed to investigate the protective effect of GLZ against CP-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. METHODS In this experimental study, 64 adult male mice randomly were allocated into eight groups (8 mice/group). Control, GLZ (5, 10, and 25 mg/kg, orally), CP (10 mg/kg, single dose, intraperitoneally), and CP+GLZ (in three doses). GLZ was administrated for 10 consecutive days. CP was injected on the 7th day of the study. At the end of the experiment, hepatotoxicity was evaluated by serum and tissue biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical assessments. RESULTS The data were revealed that CP increased oxidative stress (increased MDA and reduced GSH), liver damage enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP), and immunoreactivity of caspase-3 in liver tissue of CP-injected mice. Also, CP induced histopathological changes such as eosinophilic of hepatocytes, dilatation of sinusoids, congestion, and proliferation of Kupffer cells. GLZ administration significantly ameliorated serum functional enzyme and hepatic oxidative stress markers in CP-injected mice. In addition, the histological and immunohistochemical alterations were ameliorated in GLZ-treated mice. Of the three doses, 10 and 25 mg/kg were more effective. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, GLZ with its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities, can be suggested as a promising drug in the treatment of CP-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Taghizadeh
- Department of AnatomyFaculty of MedicineMolecular and Cell Biology Research CenterMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
- Student Research CommitteeFaculty of MedicineMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | | | - Mehryar Zargari
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of MedicineMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Abbasali Karimpour Malekshah
- Department of AnatomyFaculty of MedicineMolecular and Cell Biology Research CenterMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Mansoureh Mirzaei
- Department of AnatomyFaculty of MedicineMolecular and Cell Biology Research CenterMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Fereshteh Talebpour Amiri
- Department of AnatomyFaculty of MedicineMolecular and Cell Biology Research CenterMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
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9
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Al-Taie A, Sancar M, Izzettin FV. 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine: A valuable predictor of oxidative DNA damage in cancer and diabetes mellitus. Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819547-5.00017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Taghizadeh F, Hosseinimehr SJ, Zargari M, Karimpour Malekshah A, Talebpour Amiri FB. Gliclazide attenuates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity through inhibiting NF-κB and caspase-3 activity. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:2024-2033. [PMID: 32687680 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin (CP), as a chemotherapeutic drug, causes nephrotoxicity that has limited the clinical utility of CP. Gliclazide (GLZ), as an antihyperglycemic drug, at low dose has antioxidant property. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of GLZ against CP-induced acute renal injury. Sixty-four BALB/c mice were randomly divided into eight groups. The groups were included as control, GLZ (5, 10, and 25 mg/kg), CP, and GLZ (5, 10, and 25 mg/kg) + CP. Renal function markers (serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen), oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde and glutathione), apoptotic marker (caspase-3), and NF-κB were histopathologically evaluated. The results of our study showed that increased urea and creatinine were evidence of CP-induced nephrotoxicity. Histopathological examination revealed tubular epithelial and Bowman degeneration, edema, and cytoplasmic vacuolation in renal tissue structure. Administration of GLZ reduced oxidative stress, caspase-3, and NF-κB activity, and improved kidney function markers in CP-treated mice compared with CP alone group. Also, we observed that the histological tissue structure of the kidney was maintained. GLZ at dose of 25 mg/kg had higher protective effect as compared with other doses. Overall, our study suggests that GLZ with antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties may be a promising new therapeutic agent to prevent CP-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Taghizadeh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mehryar Zargari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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11
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Lee JY, Jang SY, Nam CM, Kang ES. Incident Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk in Patients Treated with a Sulfonylurea: A Nationwide, Nested, Case-Control Study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8532. [PMID: 31189966 PMCID: PMC6561966 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44447-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that the use of sulfonylureas in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we investigated the effects of individual sulfonylureas on HCC development using the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort in South Korea. Among 47,738 subjects aged 40 years or older who had newly diagnosed with diabetes, 241 incident HCC cases and 1205 matched controls were identified. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) as estimates of the relative risk of HCC were calculated using logistic regression analysis. Compared to patients never treated with a sulfonylurea, those treated with a sulfonylurea had a 1.7-fold increased risk of HCC development. Of the different types of sulfonylureas, the exclusive use of glimepiride was associated with a significantly elevated risk of HCC (OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.02-3.47) compared to those who were never treated with sulfonylureas. No significant associations were observed between exclusive gliclazide use and incident HCC (OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 0.75-5.52). In conclusion, the association between the use of sulfonylureas and risk of HCC was different according to the type of sulfonylurea, in patients with new-onset T2DM. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm these results and translate them into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Yong Jang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Eulgi University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Mo Nam
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun Seok Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Djelić N, Radaković M, Borozan S, Dimirijević-Srećković V, Pajović N, Vejnović B, Borozan N, Bankoglu EE, Stopper H, Stanimirović Z. Oxidative stress and DNA damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal, obese, prediabetic and diabetic persons exposed to adrenaline in vitro. Mutat Res 2019; 843:81-89. [PMID: 31421743 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes represents one of the major health concerns, especially in developed countries. Some hormones such as the stress hormone adrenaline can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and may worsen the diabetes. Therefore, the main aim of the investigation was to find out whether peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from normal persons have less DNA damage induced by adrenaline (0.1, 1 and 10 μM) in comparison to PBMCs from obese, prediabetic and diabetic patients. Also, the biochemical parameters of oxidative stress (TBARS, catalase) and lactate dehydrogenase were monitored. It was observed that higher concentrations of adrenaline (1 and 10 μM) induced DNA damage in the obese, prediabetic and diabetic groups. In healthy individuals only the highest concentration of adrenaline caused significant increase in the DNA damage. In summary, total comet score (TCS) comparison has shown significant differences between groups, and DNA damaging effects of adrenaline were most evident in diabetic patients. The results of the biochemical analysis also demonstrate that adrenaline exerts most obvious effects in diabetic individuals which is manifested as significant change of parameters of oxidative stress. In summary, the obtained results demonstrated that diabetics are more sensitive to genotoxic effects of adrenaline and this effect probably resulted from decreased antioxidative defence mechanisms in various stages of progression through diabetes. Therefore, these results could contribute to a better understanding of a role of endocrine factors to damage of cellular biomolecules which could be useful in finding novel therapeutic approaches and lifestyle changes with an aim to lower the possibility of diabetes complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninoslav Djelić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milena Radaković
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Sunčica Borozan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
| | | | - Nevena Pajović
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Branislav Vejnović
- Department of Economics and Statistics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
| | | | - Ezgi Eylül Bankoglu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Zoran Stanimirović
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
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Banik S, Hossain MS, Bhatta R, Akter M. Attenuation of lipid peroxidation and atherogenic factors in diabetic patients treated with gliclazide and metformin. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 23:77. [PMID: 30181759 PMCID: PMC6116668 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_202_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is associated with oxidative stress and considered as a major risk factor for cardiac disease. We attempted to investigate the role of oral antidiabetic (OAD) agents gliclazide and metformin in lowering the lipid peroxidation and managing the risk for cardiovascular (CV) complications in diabetic patients in comparison with nondiabetic healthy individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was comprised of 150 individuals grouped in three, namely, Group A (n = 60) healthy volunteers, Group B (n = 30) newly diagnosed diabetes, and Group C (n = 60) diabetes treated with OAD. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and Vitamin C were assessed for studying lipid peroxidation status, whereas serum triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol were monitored as predictors for CV risk. RESULTS We found significantly higher concentrations of MDA and NO levels (P < 0.001) in both groups of patients (Group B and C) in comparison to control group (Group A). Regarding antioxidants, significantly lower concentrations of Vitamin C (P = 0.046) were found in Group B and C compared to Group A. Moreover, there was significant difference exhibited in concentration level of MDA (P = 0.001) and NO (P = 0.015) between Group B and C, whereas difference of Vitamin C (P = 0.147) was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Our data confirmed that treatment with gliclazide and metformin significantly reduced the lipid peroxidation accompanied with attenuated levels of serum TGs and cholesterol and suggested that oral hypoglycemic agents have great impact to reduce the oxidative stress and increase the antioxidant status in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujan Banik
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Salim Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Rita Bhatta
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Mariyam Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
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Dogan Turacli I, Candar T, Yuksel EB, Kalay S, Oguz AK, Demirtas S. Potential effects of metformin in DNA BER system based on oxidative status in type 2 diabetes. Biochimie 2018; 154:62-68. [PMID: 30098371 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Metformin is used to reduce hyperglycemia that induces energetic stress and leads to reduction in gluconeogenesis. Also, metformin inhibits complex I in oxidative phosphorylation, thereby decreasing cellular ATP levels. Activation of AMPK by the reduced ATP levels can induce inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and activate p53-mediated DNA repair. DNA polymerase-β and XRCC1 function to repair DNA damages in the BER (base excision repair) system. In type 2 diabetes patients, metformin can enhance AMPK activation therefore suppress oxidative stress. The changes on oxidative stress may alter p53's function and effect many cellular pathways such as; DNA repair. In our project we aim to understand the effects of metformin on p53 and DNA-BER system based on the oxidative status in type 2 diabetes patients. Oxidative and antioxidative capacity, catalase, SOD, GPx activities and, DNA pol beta, XRCC1 and p53 levels were measured in metformin using or non-using type 2 diabetes patients and controls. Metformin enhanced SOD and GPx activities in type 2 diabetes patients but the reflection of this increase to the total antioxidant capacity was not significant. Although the increase in DNA pol beta was not significant, XRCC1 and p53 levels were significantly upregulated with metformin treatment in type 2 diabetes patients. Our study reinforces the potential benefit of metformin in antioxidative capacity to protect cells from diabetic oxidative stress and in regulation of DNA BER system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tuba Candar
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Ufuk University, Ankara, 06520, Turkey
| | | | - Sebnem Kalay
- Internal Medicine Department, Ufuk University, Ankara, 06520, Turkey
| | - Ali Kemal Oguz
- Internal Medicine Department, Ufuk University, Ankara, 06520, Turkey
| | - Selda Demirtas
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Ufuk University, Ankara, 06520, Turkey
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15
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Riedinger C, Mendler M, Schlotterer A, Fleming T, Okun J, Hammes HP, Herzig S, Nawroth PP. High-glucose toxicity is mediated by AICAR-transformylase/IMP cyclohydrolase and mitigated by AMP-activated protein kinase in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:4845-4859. [PMID: 29414769 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.805879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme AICAR-transformylase/IMP cyclohydrolase (ATIC) catalyzes the last two steps of purine de novo synthesis. It metabolizes 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), which is an AMP analogue, leading to activation of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK). We investigated whether the AICAR-ATIC pathway plays a role in the high glucose (HG)-mediated DNA damage response and AICAR-mediated AMPK activation, explaining the detrimental effects of glucose on neuronal damage and shortening of the lifespan. HG up-regulated the expression and activity of the Caenorhabditis elegans homologue of ATIC, C55F2.1 (atic-1), and increased the levels of reactive oxygen species and methylglyoxal-derived advanced glycation end products. Overexpression of atic-1 decreased the lifespan and head motility and increased neuronal damage under both standard and HG conditions. Inhibition of atic-1 expression, by RNAi, under HG was associated with increased lifespan and head motility and reduced neuronal damage, reactive oxygen species, and methylglyoxal-derived advanced glycation end product accumulation. This effect was independent of an effect on DNA damage or antioxidant defense pathways, such as superoxide dismutase (sod-3) or glyoxalase-1 (glod-4), but was dependent on AMPK and accumulation of AICAR. Through AMPK, AICAR treatment also reduced the negative effects of HG. The mitochondrial inhibitor rotenone abolished the AICAR/AMPK-induced amelioration of HG effects, pointing to mitochondria as a prime target of the glucotoxic effects in C. elegans We conclude that atic-1 is involved in glucotoxic effects under HG conditions, either by blocked atic-1 expression or via AICAR and AMPK induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Riedinger
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Mendler
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Schlotterer
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Okun
- Department of Pediatrics, Dietmar Hopp Metabolism Centre, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- V. Medical Hospital, University Hospital Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg Institute for Diabetes and Cancer Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter P Nawroth
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg Institute for Diabetes and Cancer Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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Comparison of hepatocellular carcinoma risk between patients treated with glimepiride and gliclazide. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2017; 45:83-85. [PMID: 28778564 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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17
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Chen Y, Du L, Li L, Ma J, Geng X, Yao X, Liu G, Sun X. Cancer risk of sulfonylureas in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. J Diabetes 2017; 9:482-494. [PMID: 27273872 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that oral hypoglycemic agents used in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may affect cancer risk. Sulfonylureas (SUs) are the most frequently used antidiabetic medications for T2DM. Whether using SUs has any effect on cancer has received considerable attention. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of SUs on cancer risk in T2DM patients. METHODS Published studies were identified in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Register of Clinical Studies, and ClinicalTrials.gov was searched for additional information to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, and case-control studies. The abstracts and full text were screened, data collected, and the risk of bias assessed for each individual study. RESULTS Seventy-seven studies (33 RCTs, 27 cohort studies, and 17 case-control studies) were analyzed. The RCTs did not report a difference in the risk of malignant tumor between SU-treated T2DM patients and controls (odds ratio [OR] 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.78-1.18); cohort studies showed that cancer risk was higher in patients using SUs than metformin (relative risk 1.60 [95%CI 1.37-1.87]; adjusted hazard ratio 1.13 [95%CI 1.06-1.19]), and case-control studies suggested a trend for increased cancer risk in those using SUs compared with non-SU users (adjusted OR 1.13; 95%CI 0.93-1.37). CONCLUSIONS The available evidence clearly shows that SUs can significantly increase the risk of cancer compared with metformin. Although the evidence suggests the possibility that SU users may have a higher risk of cancer than those using alternative medications in addition to metformin, it remains inadequate to enable definitive conclusions to be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Chen
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Du
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Li
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Ma
- The Second People's Hospital, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Xingyuan Geng
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Yao
- Department of Teaching Affairs, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guanjian Liu
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Protective effect of Caralluma fimbriata against high-fat diet induced testicular oxidative stress in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:167-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Lee SC, Chan JCN. Evidence for DNA damage as a biological link between diabetes and cancer. Chin Med J (Engl) 2016; 128:1543-8. [PMID: 26021514 PMCID: PMC4733759 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.157693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This review examines the evidence that: Diabetes is a state of DNA damage; pathophysiological factors in diabetes can cause DNA damage; DNA damage can cause mutations; and DNA mutation is linked to carcinogenesis. Data Sources: We retrieved information from the PubMed database up to January, 2014, using various search terms and their combinations including DNA damage, diabetes, cancer, high glucose, hyperglycemia, free fatty acids, palmitic acid, advanced glycation end products, mutation and carcinogenesis. Study Selection: We included data from peer-reviewed journals and a textbook printed in English on relationships between DNA damage and diabetes as well as pathophysiological factors in diabetes. Publications on relationships among DNA damage, mutagenesis, and carcinogenesis, were also reviewed. We organized this information into a conceptual framework to explain the possible causal relationship between DNA damage and carcinogenesis in diabetes. Results: There are a large amount of data supporting the view that DNA mutation is a typical feature in carcinogenesis. Patients with type 2 diabetes have increased production of reactive oxygen species, reduced levels of antioxidant capacity, and increased levels of DNA damage. The pathophysiological factors and metabolic milieu in diabetes can cause DNA damage such as DNA strand break and base modification (i.e., oxidation). Emerging experimental data suggest that signal pathways (i.e., Akt/tuberin) link diabetes to DNA damage. This collective evidence indicates that diabetes is a pathophysiological state of oxidative stress and DNA damage which can lead to various types of mutation to cause aberration in cells and thereby increased cancer risk. Conclusions: This review highlights the interrelationships amongst diabetes, DNA damage, DNA mutation and carcinogenesis, which suggests that DNA damage can be a biological link between diabetes and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao Chin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
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20
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Tatsch E, De Carvalho JAM, Hausen BS, Bollick YS, Torbitz VD, Duarte T, Scolari R, Duarte MMMF, Londero SWK, Vaucher RA, Premaor MO, Comim FV, Moresco RN. Oxidative DNA damage is associated with inflammatory response, insulin resistance and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes. Mutat Res 2015; 782:17-22. [PMID: 26520687 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Urinary markers of nucleic acid oxidation may be useful biomarkers in diabetes. It has been demonstrated that T2DM patients have an increased level of oxidative DNA damage; however, it is unclear whether increased DNA damage may be related to a greater degree of inflammation and insulin resistance. Thus, the aim of this present study was to investigate the relation of the impact of oxidative DNA damage, assessed by urinary 8-OHdG, on the levels of inflammatory cytokines, as well as insulin resistance. In addition, we also investigated the diagnostic ability of urinary 8-OHdG in the identification of microvascular complications in T2DM.A case-control study, enrolling 22 healthy controls and 54 subjects with T2DM, was performed to evaluate the relation between oxidative DNA damage and interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1,tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-10, and Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR) index. T2DM patients presented higher urinary 8-OHdG, IL-6, IL-1, TNF-α levels and HOMA-IR, and lower IL-10 levels than control subjects. Moreover, urinary 8-OHdG levels were significantly higher in the group T2DM with microvascular complications when compared to the without complications. The areas under the curve for urinary 8-OHdG and urinary albumin were, respectively, 0.836 (P<0.001) and 0.786 (P=0.002). Thus, urinary 8-OHdG has a slightly higher ability to discriminate microvascular complications in T2DM compared with urinary albumin. It was also demonstrated that T2DM patients with higher median of urinary 8-OHdG had significantly elevated levels of IL-6, TNF-α and HOMA-IR, and decreased IL-10 levels. Our findings showed that T2DM patients with higher urinary 8-OHdG levels showed a greater inflammatory degree and higher insulin resistance. It is possible to speculate that T2DM patients present a cascade of events as increasing metabolic abnormalities such as insulin resistance and inflammatory activation, as well as increased ROS generation factors that may contribute directly to greater oxidative DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etiane Tatsch
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - José A M De Carvalho
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; University Hospital, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna S Hausen
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Yãnaí S Bollick
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa D Torbitz
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Duarte
- Laboratory of Biogenomic, Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rogério Scolari
- Labimed Clinical Chemistry and Medicine Laboratory, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marta M M F Duarte
- Labimed Clinical Chemistry and Medicine Laboratory, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo A Vaucher
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Franciscan University Center, UNIFRA, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Melissa O Premaor
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabio V Comim
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael N Moresco
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Xavier DJ, Takahashi P, Evangelista AF, Foss-Freitas MC, Foss MC, Donadi EA, Passos GA, Sakamoto-Hojo ET. Assessment of DNA damage and mRNA/miRNA transcriptional expression profiles in hyperglycemic versus non-hyperglycemic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mutat Res 2015; 776:98-110. [PMID: 26364207 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is associated with a number of genetic and environmental factors. Hyperglycemia, a T2D hallmark, is related to several metabolic complications, comorbidities and increased DNA damage. However, the molecular alterations of a proper glucose control are still unclarified. In this study, we aimed to evaluate DNA damage (comet assay), as well as to compare the transcriptional expression (mRNA and miRNA analyzed by the microarray technique) displayed by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from three distinct groups: hyperglycemic T2D patients (T2D-H, n=14), non-hyperglycemic T2D patients (T2D-N, n=15), and healthy non-diabetic individuals (n=16). The comet assay revealed significantly (p<0.05) higher levels of DNA damage in T2D-H group compared to both T2D-N and control groups, while a significant difference was not observed between the control and T2D-N groups. After bioinformatics analysis, the differentially expressed mRNAs were subjected to functional enrichment analysis (DAVID) and inflammatory response was among the enriched terms found when comparing T2D-N with controls and T2D-H with T2D-N. Concerning the gene set enrichment and gene set analyses, among the differentially expressed gene sets, three were of interest: regulation of DNA repair (T2D-H versus T2D-N), superoxide response (T2D-H versus control group), and response to endoplasmic reticulum stress (T2D-H versus control group). We also identified miRNAs related with T2D and hyperglycemia not yet associated with these conditions in the literature. Some of the differentially expressed mRNAs were among the predicted targets of the differentially expressed miRNAs. Our results showed the association of hyperglycemia with increased DNA damage and aberrant expression of miRNAs and genes related to several biological processes, such as inflammation, DNA repair, ROS production and antioxidant defense, highlighting the importance of proper glycemic control. Moreover, the transcriptional expression of miRNAs provided novel information for understanding the regulatory mechanisms involved in the T2D progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo J Xavier
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 - Monte Alegre, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Takahashi
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 - Monte Alegre, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriane F Evangelista
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 - Monte Alegre, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria C Foss-Freitas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 - Monte Alegre, 14048-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Milton C Foss
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 - Monte Alegre, 14048-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A Donadi
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 - Monte Alegre, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 - Monte Alegre, 14048-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Geraldo A Passos
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 - Monte Alegre, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Disciplines of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Morphology, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Av. Do Café, s/n, Monte Alegre, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Elza T Sakamoto-Hojo
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 - Monte Alegre, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 - Monte Alegre, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Jones DA, Prior SL, Barry JD, Caplin S, Baxter JN, Stephens JW. Changes in markers of oxidative stress and DNA damage in human visceral adipose tissue from subjects with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2014; 106:627-33. [PMID: 25458337 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2014.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In the past 30 years, prevalence of obesity has almost trebled resulting in an increased incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and other co-morbidities. Visceral adipose tissue is believed to play a vital role, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Our aim was to investigate changes in markers of oxidative damage in human visceral adipose tissue to determine levels of oxidative burden that may be attributed to obesity and/or diabetes. METHODS Visceral adipose tissue samples from 61 subjects undergoing abdominal surgery grouped as lean, obese and obese with type 2 diabetes mellitus, were examined using 3 different markers of oxidative stress. Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was measured as a marker of lipid peroxidation, telomere length and Comet assay as markers of oxidative DNA damage. RESULTS No significant difference in MDA concentration, telomere length and DNA damage was observed between groups, although longer telomere lengths were seen in the obese with diabetes group compared to the obese group (P<0.05). Lower MDA concentration and longer telomere length were seen in subjects with diabetes compared to those without (P<0.05). DNA damage, analysed via Comet assay, was significantly lower in subjects with diabetes compared to those without (P<0.05). CONCLUSION A paradoxical decrease in oxidative stress and DNA damage was observed in samples from subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Further work is required to investigate this further, however this phenomenon may be due to an up regulation of antioxidant defences in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Jones
- Diabetes Research Group, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK.
| | - S L Prior
- Diabetes Research Group, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
| | - J D Barry
- General Surgery (Upper GI (Obesity) and Endocrinology), Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK
| | - S Caplin
- General Surgery (Upper GI (Obesity) and Endocrinology), Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK
| | - J N Baxter
- General Surgery (Upper GI (Obesity) and Endocrinology), Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK
| | - J W Stephens
- Diabetes Research Group, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK; General Surgery (Upper GI (Obesity) and Endocrinology), Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK
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The comet assay as a tool for human biomonitoring studies: The ComNet Project. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2014; 759:27-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Pasello G, Urso L, Conte P, Favaretto A. Effects of sulfonylureas on tumor growth: a review of the literature. Oncologist 2013; 18:1118-25. [PMID: 24043597 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2013-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients are at higher cancer risk, probably because of hyperinsulinemia and insulin growth factor 1 pathway activation. The effects of antidiabetic drugs on cancer risk have been described and discussed in several studies suggesting opposite effects of the biguanide metformin and sulfonylureas on cancer incidence and mortality. The anticancer mechanisms of metformin have been clarified, and some clinical studies, particularly in breast cancer patients, have been published or are currently ongoing; however, data about the effects of sulfonylureas on cancer growth are less consistent. The aims of this work are to review preclinical evidence of second-generation sulfonylureas effects on tumor growth, to clarify the potential mechanisms of action, and to identify possible metabolic targets for patient selection. Most evidence is on the adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels inhibitor glibenclamide, which interacts with reactive oxygen species production thus inducing cancer cell death. Among diarylsulfonylureas, next-generation DW2282 derivatives are particularly promising because of the proapoptotic activity in multidrug-resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pasello
- Second Medical Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, Padua, Italy
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Nasry M, Abo-Youssef A, Abd El-Latif H. Anti-diabetic activity of the petroleum ether extract of Guar gum in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: A comparative study. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice P S Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, SAR, China.
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Kasznicki J, Kosmalski M, Sliwinska A, Mrowicka M, Stanczyk M, Majsterek I, Drzewoski J. Evaluation of oxidative stress markers in pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:8669-78. [PMID: 22718504 PMCID: PMC3404273 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1722-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Experimental evidences suggest that hyperglycaemia-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species and subsequent damage to proteins, lipids and DNA may play a key role in the development of distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSPN)—the most common complication of diabetes mellitus. The study population consisted of 51 individuals aged 52–82 years classified into 3 groups: 16 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with DSPN, 16 T2DM patients without DSPN and 19 control subjects without diabetes and neuropathy. The study was conducted to determine the activity of antioxidant enzymes: catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and total antioxidant status (TAS) in the examined groups. An alkaline comet assay was used to determine the extent of DNA damage of oxidized purines as glicosylo-formamidoglicosylase (Fpg) sites, and oxidized pyrimidines as endonuclease III (Nth) sites. A significant decrease of SOD (P < 0.05), GPX (P < 0.05) and nonsignificant decrease of CAT (P > 0.05), and TAS status (P > 0.05) were seen in T2DM patients with neuropathy compared to T2DM patients as well as controls. T2DM patients with or without neuropathy revealed significantly lower (P < 0.05) plasma concentration of nitrous oxide compared to the control subjects. Endogenous level of oxidative DNA damage in T2DM patients with DSPN was significantly higher compared both to the controls and T2DM patients without DSPN (P < 0.001). Moreover, lymphocytes isolated from T2DM patients with DSPN were more susceptible to oxidative DNA lesions induced by hydrogen peroxide than from T2DM patients without DSPN (P < 0.001). Our results confirm hypothesis that oxidative stress may play a substantial role in the development and progression of diabetic distal symmetric polyneuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Kasznicki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Parzeczewska 35, 95-100 Zgierz, Poland.
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Tatsch E, Bochi GV, Piva SJ, De Carvalho JA, Kober H, Torbitz VD, Duarte T, Signor C, Coelho AC, Duarte MM, Montagner GF, Da Cruz IB, Moresco RN. Association between DNA strand breakage and oxidative, inflammatory and endothelial biomarkers in type 2 diabetes. Mutat Res 2012; 732:16-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 01/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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Effects of diabetes and/or hypercholesterolemia on skin development of rat fetuses. Nutrition 2012; 28:698-706. [PMID: 22342389 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2011.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of diabetes and/or hypercholesterolemia on skin development during in utero life at 15, 17 & 19 days old. METHODS Sixty pregnant female albino Wistar rats were arranged into three groups: control, diabetic (single i.p. 60 mg streptozotocin/kg B.wt) and hypercholesterolemic (diet supplement 3% cholesterol 6 week prior to conception and throughout gestation). Pregnant rats were sacrificed at 15, 17 & 19 days prenatal). Vibrissae skin biopsies were removed and allowed for scanning (SEM), light, and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) investigation. Also, DNA fragmentation and sodium dodecyl polyacrylamides gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) were carried out. RESULTS Scanning electron microscopic observations revealed retarded hair follicle growth and deformations of their pattern structure. At light microscopic level, skin exhibited decreased epidermal cornification, as well as degeneration of hair follicles in fetuses of both diabetic and hypercholesterolemic groups. Transmission electron microscopy revealed abundant vacuolar spaces in the epidermis. Degenerative phases become more abundant in keratinocytes as well as in stratum germinativum cells. Fetal skin possessed altered protein expression and missing bands as well as separation of genomic DNA to several degraded bands in skin of 15-, 17-, and 19-day-old, maternally diabetic and/or hypercholesterolemic fetuses. CONCLUSION These findings showed that maternal diabetes and/or hypercholesterolemia increased average deformation of hair follicles, vacuolation, and degeneration of epidermal cell layers. The observed findings resulted from altered protein expression and increased DNA fragmentation, which, in turn, disrupt epidermal cell differentiation.
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Protective effects of beta glucan and gliclazide on brain tissue and sciatic nerve of diabetic rats induced by streptozosin. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2012; 2012:230342. [PMID: 22291696 PMCID: PMC3265075 DOI: 10.1155/2012/230342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There have not been yet enough studies about effects of beta glucan and gliclazide on oxidative stress created by streptozotocin in the brain and sciatic nerve of diabetic rats. The aim of this paper was to investigate the antioxidant effects of gliclazide and beta glucan on oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation created by streptozotosin in brain and sciatic nerve. Total of 42 rats were divided into 6 groups including control, diabetic untreated (DM) (only STZ, diabetic), STZ (DM) + beta glucan, STZ (DM) + gliclazide, only beta glucan treated (no diabetic), and only gliclazide treated (no diabetic). The brain and sciatic nerve tissue samples were analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and paraoxonase (PON-1) levels. We found a significant increase in MDA, TOS, and OSI along with a reduction in TAS level, catalase, and PON-1 activities in brain and sciatic nerve of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Also, this study shows that in terms of these parameters both gliclazide and beta glucan have a neuroprotective effect on the brain and sciatic nerve of the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. Our conclusion was that gliclazide and beta glucan have antioxidant effects on the brain and sciatic nerve of the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat.
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Yang X, So WY, Ma RCW, Yu LWY, Ko GTC, Kong APS, Ng VWS, Luk AOY, Ozaki R, Tong PCY, Chow CC, Chan JCN. Use of sulphonylurea and cancer in type 2 diabetes-The Hong Kong Diabetes Registry. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2010; 90:343-51. [PMID: 20889221 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2010.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycaemia is a risk factor for cancer and some sulphonylureas have anti-oxidant properties. This study examined associations between use of sulphonylureas and cancer. METHODS A consecutive cohort of 6103 Hong Kong Chinese patients with T2DM, free of cancer, was analysed using Cox models. Sulphonylurea usage was defined as use of the drugs at or within 2.5 years before enrolment and/or during follow-up periods. We adjusted for identified risk factors of cancer, use of other drugs, non-linear associations of lipids with cancer and probabilities of use of these drugs at different times and doses where appropriate. RESULTS During a median of 4.91 years of follow-up, 271 developed cancer. Glibenclamide, gliclazide and glipizide were ever used in 32.5% (n = 1983), 47.8% (n = 2920) and 13.5% (n = 823). After adjustment for covariates, use of gliclazide and glibenclamide was associated with reduced cancer risk in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, there were interactions between metformin and glibenclamide/glipizide use towards lower adjusted cancer risks. CONCLUSIONS In T2DM, use of glibenclamide and gliclazide may be associated with reduced cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilin Yang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
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El Tarhouny SA, Hadhoud KM, Ebrahem MM, Al Azizi NM. Assessment of cell-free DNA with microvascular complication of type II diabetes mellitus, using PCR and ELISA. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2010; 29:228-36. [PMID: 20408053 DOI: 10.1080/15257771003708298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In order to assess the potential biochemical markers in the development, diagnosis, and prognosis of diabetic patient with microvascular complication represented with retinopathy, we analyzed the levels of cell-free DNA by two different techniques. The levels of cell-free GAPDH assayed by quantitative PCR were significantly higher in the plasma samples of diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy than in those of the control group; thus, it is a better biomarker than nucleosomes assayed by ELISA in patients with type 2 diabetes for the early detection of development of microvascular complications as retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen A El Tarhouny
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
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Kurukulasuriya LR, Sowers JR. Therapies for type 2 diabetes: lowering HbA1c and associated cardiovascular risk factors. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2010; 9:45. [PMID: 20804556 PMCID: PMC2940872 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-9-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To summarize data supporting the effects of antidiabetes agents on glucose control and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Studies reporting on the effects of antidiabetes agents on glycemic control, body weight, lipid levels, and blood pressure parameters are reviewed and summarized for the purpose of selecting optimal therapeutic regimens for patients with type 2 diabetes. RESULTS National guidelines recommend the aggressive management of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes, including weight loss and achieving lipid and blood pressure treatment goals. All antidiabetes pharmacotherapies lower glucose; however, effects on cardiovascular risk factors vary greatly among agents. While thiazolidinediones, sulfonylureas, and insulin are associated with weight gain, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors are considered weight neutral and metformin can be weight neutral or associated with a small weight loss. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and amylinomimetics (e.g. pramlintide) result in weight loss. Additionally, metformin, thiazolidinediones, insulin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists have demonstrated beneficial effects on lipid and blood pressure parameters. CONCLUSION Management of the cardiovascular risk factors experienced by patients with type 2 diabetes requires a multidisciplinary approach with implementation of treatment strategies to achieve not only glycemic goals but to improve and/or correct the underlying cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Romayne Kurukulasuriya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, D109 Diabetes Center, UMC, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, D109 Diabetes Center, UMC, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, 800 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
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Szaflik JP, Rusin P, Zaleska-Zmijewska A, Kowalski M, Majsterek I, Szaflik J. Reactive oxygen species promote localized DNA damage in glaucoma-iris tissues of elderly patients vulnerable to diabetic injury. Mutat Res 2010; 697:19-23. [PMID: 20152928 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2008] [Revised: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is typically an insidious-onset disease with serious visual consequences that has been positively linked to diabetes mellitus (DM). Glaucoma is more often present in the elderly. Important prognostic factors of glaucoma may be oxidative stress resulting from the toxic effects of glucose, and diabetes-associated vascular complications. Fifty-five patients and control subjects aged 71.0+/-10.1 yrs were enrolled in this study. Iris-tissue samples from DM type-2 patients, primary open-angle glaucoma-positive and -negative DM patients, and from healthy subjects were examined by use of the alkaline comet assay. We measured the DNA damage as numbers of strand breaks (SBs), oxidized purines as glycosyl-formamido-glycosylase (Fpg)-susceptible sites, and oxidized pyrimidines as endonuclease III (Nth)-susceptible sites. It was found that the level of oxidative damage in iris tissue was statistically higher in DM and glaucoma patients than that in healthy controls (oxidized purines: 38.0% and 34.7% vs 15.4%; oxidized pyrimidines: 43.3% and 39.0% vs 23.3%; P<0.001). Interestingly, we found strongly elevated levels of oxidized purines and pyrimidines in glaucomatous patients who also had DM, in comparison with healthy controls (oxidized purines: 55.7% vs 15.4%; oxidized pyrimidines: 61.8% vs 23.3%; P<0.001). Our observations suggest that the generation of reactive oxygen species may promote localized DNA damage in glaucoma-iris tissues of elderly patients vulnerable to diabetic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek P Szaflik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Ferrer MD, Sureda A, Tauler P, Palacín C, Tur JA, Pons A. Impaired lymphocyte mitochondrial antioxidant defences in variegate porphyria are accompanied by more inducible reactive oxygen species production and DNA damage. Br J Haematol 2010; 149:759-67. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08149.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mohamed A, EL-Sharkaw F, Ahmed S, Aziz W, Badary O. Glycemic Control and Therapeutic Effect of Nigella sativa and Curcuma longa on Rats with Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Hepatopathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3923/jpt.2009.45.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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