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Kar P, Çiftci G, Çiftci A. Potential benefit of Lactobacillus acidophilus supplementation to rats fed with a high-fat diet on serum lipid profile, kidney amyloid protein and tumor necrosis factor-alpha level. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 175:106911. [PMID: 39321864 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
AIM It was aimed to determine the potential effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus supplementation on rats exposed to an experimental high-fat diet on serum lipid profile and kidney total beta amyloid protein (TBAP) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels. METHODS 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the study to establish 4 groups. Standard rat food (SD) was provided to Group 1 as the control; Group 2 was fed a high-fat diet (HFD); Group 3 consumed SD and received L. acidophilus probiotics; Group 4 was fed HFD and received L. acidophilus probiotics. Body weights were determined weekly during the 12-week trial period. At the end of the experiment, TBP and TNF-α levels in the serum and kidney tissue of the rats were measured by ELISA method. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), HDL, LDL, urea and creatinine levels and paraoxanase, amylase and lipase activities were determined by spectrophotometric method on the analyzer device. RESULTS When the control (Group 1) group and Group 2 were compared at the end of the experiment, it was found that Group 2 had gained the most weight and that both the blood and kidney tissue levels of TNF-α and TBAP, as well as the quantities of TG, TK, LDL, and urea, were significantly greater (P<0.05). Serum HDL, PON and amylase levels were found to be significantly low (P>0.05). TG, TK, LDL, urea, and the levels of TNF-α and TBAP in serum and renal tissue were shown to be lower in the groups who received L. acidophilus probiotics (Groups 3, 4) when compared to Group 2 (P>0.05). It was observed that HDL, PON and amylase levels increased and approached the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The study's findings showed that probiotic supplementation improved blood levels of TG, TC, HDL, LDL, urea, PON, and amylase as well as serum and kidney tissue levels of TNF-α and TBAP in obese rats fed a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Kar
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayıs, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Gülay Çiftci
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayıs, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Alper Çiftci
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayıs, Samsun, Turkey
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2
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Markus V. Gut bacterial quorum sensing molecules and their association with inflammatory bowel disease: Advances and future perspectives. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 724:150243. [PMID: 38857558 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is an enduring inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The complexity of IBD, its profound impact on patient's quality of life, and its burden on healthcare systems necessitate continuing studies to elucidate its etiology, refine care strategies, improve treatment outcomes, and identify potential targets for novel therapeutic interventions. The discovery of a connection between IBD and gut bacterial quorum sensing (QS) molecules has opened exciting opportunities for research into IBD pathophysiology. QS molecules are small chemical messengers synthesized and released by bacteria based on population density. These chemicals are sensed not only by the microbial species but also by host cells and are essential in gut homeostasis. QS molecules are now known to interact with inflammatory pathways, therefore rendering them potential therapeutic targets for IBD management. Given these intriguing developments, the most recent research findings in this area are herein reviewed. First, the global burden of IBD and the disruptions of the gut microbiota and intestinal barrier associated with the disease are assessed. Next, the general QS mechanism and signaling molecules in the gut are discussed. Then, the roles of QS molecules and their connection with IBD are elucidated. Lastly, the review proposes potential QS-based therapeutic targets for IBD, offering insights into the future research trajectory in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Markus
- Near East University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Nicosia, TRNC Mersin 10, Turkey.
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3
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Lynch WB, Miracle SA, Goldstein SI, Beierle JA, Bhandari R, Gerhardt ET, Farnan A, Nguyen BM, Wingfield KK, Kazerani I, Saavedra GA, Averin O, Baskin BM, Ferris MT, Reilly CA, Emili A, Bryant CD. Validation studies and multi-omics analysis of Zhx2 as a candidate quantitative trait gene underlying brain oxycodone metabolite (oxymorphone) levels and behavior. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.30.610534. [PMID: 39257803 PMCID: PMC11383981 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.30.610534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Sensitivity to the subjective reinforcing properties of opioids has a genetic component and can predict addiction liability of opioid compounds. We previously identified Zhx2 as a candidate gene underlying increased brain concentration of the oxycodone (OXY) metabolite oxymorphone (OMOR) in BALB/cJ (J) versus BALB/cByJ (By) females that could increase OXY state-dependent reward. A large structural intronic variant is associated with a robust reduction of Zhx2 expression in J mice, which we hypothesized enhances OMOR levels and OXY addiction-like behaviors. We tested this hypothesis by restoring the Zhx2 loss-of-function in Js (MVKO) and modeling the loss-of-function variant through knocking out the Zhx2 coding exon (E3KO) in Bys and assessing brain OXY metabolite levels and behavior. Consistent with our hypothesis, Zhx2 E3KO females showed an increase in brain OMOR levels and OXY-induced locomotor activity. However, contrary to our hypothesis, state-dependent expression of OXY-CPP was decreased in E3KO females and increased in E3KO males. We also overexpressed Zhx2 in the livers and brains of Js and observed Zhx2 overexpression in select brain regions that was associated with reduced OXY state-dependent learning. Integrative transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of E3KO mice identified astrocyte function, cell adhesion, extracellular matrix properties, and endothelial cell functions as pathways influencing brain OXY metabolite concentration and behavior. These results support Zhx2 as a quantitative trait gene underlying brain OMOR concentration that is associated with changes in OXY behavior and implicate potential quantitative trait mechanisms that together inform our overall understanding of Zhx2 in brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Lynch
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Graduate Medical Sciences, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
- Transformative Training Program in Addiction Science, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Sophia A Miracle
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Graduate Medical Sciences, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Stanley I Goldstein
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
- Graduate Program in Biomolecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jacob A Beierle
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
- Transformative Training Program in Addiction Science, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
- Graduate Program in Biomolecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Rhea Bhandari
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Ethan T Gerhardt
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
- Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program (UROP), Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Ava Farnan
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Binh-Minh Nguyen
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Kelly K Wingfield
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
- Graduate Program in Biomolecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Ida Kazerani
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
- Summer Research Internship Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, North Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Gabriel A Saavedra
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
- Research in Science and Engineering Program, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Olga Averin
- Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Britahny M Baskin
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
- Training Program on Development of Medications for Substance Use Disorder, Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Martin T Ferris
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | | | - Andrew Emili
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Camron D Bryant
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
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Mason B, Hayward DC, Moya A, Cooke I, Sorenson A, Brunner R, Andrade N, Huerlimann R, Bourne DG, Schaeffer P, Grinblat M, Ravasi T, Ueda N, Tang SL, Ball EE, Miller DJ. Microbiome manipulation by corals and other Cnidaria via quorum quenching. Curr Biol 2024; 34:3226-3232.e5. [PMID: 38942019 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
A dynamic mucous layer containing numerous micro-organisms covers the surface of corals and has multiple functions including both removal of sediment and "food gathering."1 It is likely to also act as the primary barrier to infection; various proteins and compounds with antimicrobial activity have been identified in coral mucus, though these are thought to be largely or exclusively of microbial origin. As in Hydra,2 anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) are likely to play major roles in regulating the microbiomes of corals.3,4 Some eukaryotes employ a complementary but less obvious approach to manipulate their associated microbiome by interfering with quorum signaling, effectively preventing bacteria from coordinating gene expression across a population. Our investigation of immunity in the reef-building coral Acropora millepora,5 however, led to the discovery of a coral gene referred to here as AmNtNH1 that can inactivate a range of acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs), common bacterial quorum signaling molecules, and is induced on immune challenge of adult corals and expressed during the larval settlement process. Closely related proteins are widely distributed within the Scleractinia (hard corals) and some other cnidarians, with multiple paralogs in Acropora, but their closest relatives are bacterial, implying that these are products of one or more lateral gene transfer events post-dating the cnidarian-bilaterian divergence. The deployment by corals of genes used by bacteria to compete with other bacteria reflects a mechanism of microbiome manipulation previously unknown in Metazoa but that may apply more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Mason
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - David C Hayward
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Aurelie Moya
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Ira Cooke
- Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Alanna Sorenson
- Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Ramona Brunner
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Natalia Andrade
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Roger Huerlimann
- Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - David G Bourne
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Patrick Schaeffer
- Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Mila Grinblat
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Timothy Ravasi
- Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Nobuo Ueda
- Marine Science Section, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Sen-Lin Tang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 15529, Taiwan
| | - Eldon E Ball
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - David J Miller
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
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5
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Liu J, Fan Y, Chen J, Zhao M, Jiang C. FOXA1 Suppresses Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Oxidative Stress, and Neuronal Apoptosis in Parkinson's Disease by Activating PON2 Transcription. Neurotox Res 2024; 42:31. [PMID: 38935306 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-024-00709-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative stress (OS) are often related states in pathological conditions including Parkinson's disease (PD). This study investigates the role of anti-oxidant protein paraoxonase 2 (PON2) in ER stress and OS in PD, along with its regulatory molecule. PD was induced in C57BL/6 mice using 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (MPTP) treatment and in SH-SY5Y cells using 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium. PON2 was found to be poorly expressed in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) of PD mice, and its overexpression improved motor coordination of mice. Through the evaluation of tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine transporter, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) levels and neuronal loss in mice, as well as the examination of CHOP, glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94), GRP78, caspase-12, sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase levels in SH-SY5Y cells, we observed that PON2 overexpression mitigated ER stress, OS, and neuronal apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. Forkhead box A1 (FOXA1) was identified as a transcription factor binding to the PON2 promoter to activate its transcription. Upregulation of FOXA1 similarly protected against neuronal loss by alleviating ER stress and OS, while the protective roles were abrogated by additional PON2 silencing. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that FOXA1-mediated transcription of PON2 alleviates ER stress and OS, ultimately reducing neuronal apoptosis in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, 014040, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Neurology, The Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, 014040, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyu Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, 014040, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Meili Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, 014040, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Changchun Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, 014040, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Kamal MV, Damerla RR, Parida P, Chakrabarty S, Rao M, Kumar NAN. Antiapoptotic PON2 expression and its clinical implications in locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:2012-2022. [PMID: 38602182 PMCID: PMC11145147 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma poses a significant challenge in oncology due to its rising incidence and mortality rates. Despite therapeutic progress, understanding molecular intricacies is essential. This study explored the role of PON2, a multifunctional enzyme implicated in antiapoptotic mechanisms. Aberrant PON2 expression in oral cancers raises questions regarding its involvement in evading programmed cell death and treatment resistance. Patients with locally advanced disease were enrolled, and molecular analyses were undertaken on the collected tumor and normal tissues. Utilizing computational datasets, this study used in silico gene expression analysis, differential gene expression analysis in our patient cohort, survival analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis to unravel role of PON2 in disease prognosis. The results showed elevated PON2 levels in advanced tumor stages, correlating with factors such as tobacco exposure, higher tumor grade, and nodal metastasis. Survival analysis revealed prognostic relevance of PON2, with lower expression linked to extended survival rates. Gene set enrichment analysis identified pathways aiding in cancer metastasis influenced by PON2. This study underscores the significance of PON2 expression as a prognostic marker for oral malignancies, with increased expression associated with advanced disease stages. Understanding the molecular profile of the PON2 gene suggests its potential as a valuable biomarker for the management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehta Vedant Kamal
- Department of Surgical OncologyManipal Comprehensive Cancer Care Centre, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnatakaIndia
| | - Rama Rao Damerla
- Department of Medical GeneticsKasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnatakaIndia
| | - Preetiparna Parida
- Department of Medical GeneticsKasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnatakaIndia
| | - Sanjiban Chakrabarty
- Department of Public Health and GenomicsManipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnatakaIndia
| | - Mahadev Rao
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Centre for Translational ResearchManipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnatakaIndia
| | - Naveena AN Kumar
- Department of Surgical OncologyManipal Comprehensive Cancer Care Centre, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnatakaIndia
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Mahrooz A. Pleiotropic functions and clinical importance of circulating HDL-PON1 complex. Adv Clin Chem 2024; 121:132-171. [PMID: 38797541 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
High density lipoprotein (HDL) functions are mostly mediated through a complex proteome, particularly its enzymes. HDL can provide a scaffold for the assembly of several proteins that affect each other's function. HDL particles, particularly small, dense HDL3, are rich in paraoxonase 1 (PON1), which is an important enzyme in the functionality of HDL, so the antioxidant and antiatherogenic properties of HDL are largely attributed to this enzyme. There is an increasing need to represent a valid, reproducible, and reliable method to assay HDL function in routine clinical laboratories. In this context, HDL-associated proteins may be key players; notably PON1 activity (its arylesterase activity) may be a proper candidate because its decreased activity can be considered an important risk factor for HDL dysfunctionality. Of note, automated methods have been developed for the measurement of serum PON1 activity that facilitates its assay in large sample numbers. Arylesterase activity is proposed as a preferred activity among the different activities of PON1 for its assay in epidemiological studies. The binding of PON1 to HDL is critical for the maintenance of its activity and it appears apolipoprotein A-I plays an important role in HDL-PON1 interaction as well as in the biochemical and enzymatic properties of PON1. The interrelationships between HDL, PON1, and HDL's other components are complex and incompletely understood. The purpose of this review is to discuss biochemical and clinical evidence considering the interactions of PON1 with HDL and the role of this enzyme as an appropriate biomarker for HDL function as well as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolkarim Mahrooz
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Lymperopoulos D, Dedemadi AG, Voulgari ML, Georgiou E, Dafnis I, Mountaki C, Panagopoulou EA, Karvelas M, Chiou A, Karathanos VT, Chroni A. Corinthian Currants Promote the Expression of Paraoxonase-1 and Enhance the Antioxidant Status in Serum and Brain of 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2024; 14:426. [PMID: 38672443 PMCID: PMC11047902 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonase-1 (PON1), a serum antioxidant enzyme, has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis that involves early oxidative damage. Corinthian currants and their components have been shown to display antioxidant and other neuroprotective effects in AD. We evaluated the effect of a Corinthian currant paste-supplemented diet (CurD), provided to 1-month-old 5xFAD mice for 1, 3, and 6 months, on PON1 activity and levels of oxidation markers in serum and the brain of mice as compared to a control diet (ConD) or glucose/fructose-matched diet (GFD). Administration of CurD for 1 month increased PON1 activity and decreased oxidized lipid levels in serum compared to ConD and GFD. Longer-term administration of CurD did not, however, affect serum PON1 activity and oxidized lipid levels. Furthermore, CurD administered for 1 and 3 months, but not for 6 months, increased PON1 activity and decreased free radical levels in the cortex of mice compared to ConD and GFD. To probe the mechanism for the increased PON1 activity in mice, we studied the effect of Corinthian currant polar phenolic extract on PON1 activity secreted by Huh-7 hepatocytes or HEK293 cells transfected with a PON1-expressing plasmid. Incubation of cells with the extract led to a dose-dependent increase of secreted PON1 activity, which was attributed to increased cellular PON1 expression. Collectively, our findings suggest that phenolics in Corinthian currants can increase the hepatic expression and activity of antioxidant enzyme PON1 and that a Corinthian currant-supplemented diet during the early stages of AD in mice reduces brain oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Lymperopoulos
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia-Georgia Dedemadi
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Lydia Voulgari
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Georgiou
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Dafnis
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Mountaki
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini A. Panagopoulou
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, 17676 Kallithea, Greece (A.C.); (V.T.K.)
| | - Michalis Karvelas
- Research and Development Department, Agricultural Cooperatives’ Union of Aeghion, 25100 Aeghion, Greece;
| | - Antonia Chiou
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, 17676 Kallithea, Greece (A.C.); (V.T.K.)
| | - Vaios T. Karathanos
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, 17676 Kallithea, Greece (A.C.); (V.T.K.)
| | - Angeliki Chroni
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
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Taleska Štupica G, Šoštarič M, Jenko M, Podbregar M. Methylprednisolone Does Not Enhance Paraoxonase 1 Activity During Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgery-A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2024; 38:946-956. [PMID: 38311492 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2023.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is linked to systemic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an antioxidant enzyme with a cardioprotective role whose activity is decreased in systemic inflammation and in patients with acute myocardial and global ischemia. Glucocorticoids counteract the effect of oxidative stress by upregulating PON1 gene expression. The authors aimed to determine the effect of methylprednisolone on PON1 activity during cardiac surgery on CPB. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial. SETTING The University Medical Center Ljubljana, Slovenia. PARTICIPANTS Forty adult patients who underwent complex cardiac surgery on CPB between February 2016 and December 2017 were randomized into methylprednisolone and control groups (n = 20 each). INTERVENTIONS Patients in the methylprednisolone group received 1 g of methylprednisolone in the CPB priming solution, whereas patients in the control group were not given methylprednisolone during CPB. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The effect of methylprednisolone from the CPB priming solution was compared with standard care during CPB on PON1 activity until postoperative day 5. Correlations of PON1 activity with lipid status, mediators of inflammation, and hemodynamics were analyzed also. No significant differences were found between study groups for PON1 activity, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein in any of the measurement intervals (p > 0.016). The methylprednisolone group had significantly lower tumor necrosis factor alpha (p < 0.001) and interleukin-6 (p < 0.001), as well as C-reactive protein and procalcitonin (p < 0.016) after surgery. No significant difference was found between groups for hemodynamic parameters. A positive correlation existed between PON1 and lipid status, whereas a negative correlation was found between PON1 activity and tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and CPB duration. CONCLUSIONS Methylprednisolone does not influence PON1 activity during cardiac surgery on CPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Taleska Štupica
- University Medical Center Ljubljana, Clinical Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Intensive Therapy, Ljubljana, Slovenia; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Maja Šoštarič
- University Medical Center Ljubljana, Clinical Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Intensive Therapy, Ljubljana, Slovenia; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Jenko
- University Medical Center Ljubljana, Clinical Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Intensive Therapy, Ljubljana, Slovenia; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Podbregar
- University Medical Center Ljubljana, Clinical Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Intensive Therapy, Ljubljana, Slovenia; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia; General Hospital Celje, Department of Internal Intensive Medicine, Celje, Slovenia
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10
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Sirca TB, Mureșan ME, Pallag A, Marian E, Jurca T, Vicaș LG, Tunduc IP, Manole F, Ștefan L. The Role of Polyphenols in Modulating PON1 Activity Regarding Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2962. [PMID: 38474211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases are still rising. The principal mechanism that drives them is atherosclerosis, an affection given by dyslipidemia and a pro-inflammatory state. Paraoxonase enzymes have a protective role due to their ability to contribute to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways, especially paraoxonase 1 (PON1). PON1 binds with HDL (high-density lipoprotein), and high serum levels lead to a protective state against dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, stroke, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and many others. Modulating PON1 expression might be a treatment objective with significant results in limiting the prevalence of atherosclerosis. Lifestyle including diet and exercise can raise its levels, and some beneficial plants have been found to influence PON1 levels; therefore, more studies on herbal components are needed. Our purpose is to highlight the principal roles of Praoxonase 1, its implications in dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and other diseases, and to emphasize plants that can modulate PON1 expression, targeting the potential of some flavonoids that could be introduced as supplements in our diet and to validate the hypothesis that flavonoids have any effects regarding PON1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Bianca Sirca
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, No. 1 University Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Mariana Eugenia Mureșan
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, No. 1 University Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Annamaria Pallag
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 29 Nicolae Jiga Street, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Eleonora Marian
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 29 Nicolae Jiga Street, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Tunde Jurca
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 29 Nicolae Jiga Street, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Laura Grațiela Vicaș
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 29 Nicolae Jiga Street, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Ioana Paula Tunduc
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital of Bihor, Gheorghe Doja Street 65-67, 410169 Oradea, Romania
| | - Felicia Manole
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1st December Square 10, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Liana Ștefan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1st December Square 10, 410073 Oradea, Romania
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11
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Zhao H, Peng J. The Association Between Blood Mercury and Lipid Biomarkers in US Hypertensive Adults. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04103-w. [PMID: 38368312 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04103-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is detrimental to human health, but its impact on lipid biomarkers remains a subject of controversy. This study sought to delineate a clear link between blood Hg and lipid biomarkers correlated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), in hypertensive adults in the USA. METHODS This cross-sectional research gathered data from a total of 4415 participants sourced from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The Holm-Bonferroni stepdown procedure was utilized to control the type I error rate in multiple comparisons. We employed multivariable linear regression models to assess the correlation between blood Hg and lipid biomarkers. Subsequently, subgroup analyses were conducted, categorized by both gender and race. Additionally, we used smooth curve fittings and generalized additive models to confirm the presence of non-linear relationships. When non-linearity was detected, we applied a recursive algorithm to calculate the inflection points. Finally, we established a weighted two-piecewise linear regression model to illustrate the associations on either side of the inflection point. RESULTS In our multivariable linear regression models, clear associations emerged. Specifically, positive correlations were observed between blood mercury and TC (β = 0.025; 95% CI 0.009 to 0.041; corrected P = 0.011), LDL-C (β = 0.022; 95% CI 0.007 to 0.036; corrected P = 0.012), and HDL-C (β = 0.007; 95% CI 0.001 to 0.013; corrected P = 0.058). However, there was no significant correlation with TG (β = - 0.007; 95% CI - 0.018 to 0.004; corrected P = 0.526). Notably, it has been demonstrated that distinct inverted U-shaped and U-shaped curves exist when stratified by gender in our analysis. CONCLUSIONS Blood Hg exhibited a positive correlation with TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C in hypertensive adults in the USA. Nonetheless, no significant association was observed with TG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Anqing First People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anqing, 246003, China
- The Fifth Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jiecheng Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Anqing First People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anqing, 246003, China.
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12
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Martínez-Beamonte R, Sánchez-Marco J, Gómez M, Lázaro G, Barco M, Herrero-Continente T, Serrano-Megías M, Botaya D, Arnal C, Barranquero C, Surra JC, Manso-Alonso JA, Osada J, Navarro MA. Dietary proteins modulate high-density lipoprotein characteristics in a sex-specific way in Apoe-deficient mice. Nutrition 2023; 116:112211. [PMID: 37812855 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The type and amount of dietary protein have become a topic of renewed interest, considering their involvement in several diseases. However, little attention has been devoted to the effect of avian proteins despite their wide human consumption. In a previous study, we saw that compared with soybean protein, the consumption of avian proteins, depending on sex, resulted in similar or lower atherosclerosis with a higher paraoxonase 1 activity, an antioxidant enzyme carried by high-density lipoproteins (HDL). This suggests that under these conditions, the HDL lipoproteins may undergo important changes. The aim of this research was to study the influence of soybean, chicken, and turkey proteins on the characteristics of HDL. METHODS Male and female Apoe-deficient mice were fed purified Western diets based on the AIN-93 diet, differing only in the protein source, for 12 wk. After this period, blood and liver samples were taken for analysis of HDL composition and hepatic expression of genes related to HDL metabolism (Abca1, Lcat, Pltp, Pon1, and Scarb1). Depending on sex, these genes define a different network of interactions. Females consuming the turkey protein-containing diet showed decreased atherosclerotic foci, which can be due to larger very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) calculated by molar ratio triacylglycerols/VLDL cholesterol and higher expression of Lcat. In contrast, in males, a higher ratio of paraoxonase1 to apolipoprotein A1 decreased the oxidative status of the different lipoproteins, and augmented Abca1 expression was observed. CONCLUSIONS The source of protein has an effect on the development of atherosclerosis depending on sex by modifying HDL characteristics and the expression of genes involved in their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Martínez-Beamonte
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Sánchez-Marco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Gómez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Lázaro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Barco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Tania Herrero-Continente
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Serrano-Megías
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Autovía A-23 Zaragoza-Huesca Km. 299.50.830, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - David Botaya
- Aves Nobles y Derivados-Aldelis, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carmen Arnal
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Barranquero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín C Surra
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Huesca, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Osada
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Navarro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Castañé H, Jiménez-Franco A, Martínez-Navidad C, Placed-Gallego C, Cambra-Cortés V, Perta AM, París M, del Castillo D, Arenas M, Camps J, Joven J. Serum Arylesterase, Paraoxonase, and Lactonase Activities and Paraoxonase-1 Concentrations in Morbidly Obese Patients and Their Relationship with Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2038. [PMID: 38136158 PMCID: PMC10741051 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is an antioxidant enzyme associated with high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Reduced serum PON1 activity is found in diseases marked by oxidative stress and inflammation, but its role in obesity remains unclear. This study investigated PON1 activities and concentrations in morbidly obese individuals and explored the impacts of the genetic polymorphism PON1 rs662 and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on enzymatic properties. We recruited 1349 morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery and 823 non-obese volunteers. PON1-related variables, including arylesterase, paraoxonase, and lactonase activities and PON1 concentrations, were examined. Our results showed that morbidly obese individuals exhibited higher PON1 concentrations but lower enzymatic activities than non-obese individuals. We observed inverse associations of arylesterase and paraoxonase activities with waist circumference (rho = -0.24, p < 0.001, and rho = -0.30, p < 0.001, respectively) and body mass index (rho = -0.15, p = 0.001, and rho = -0.23, p < 0.001), as well as direct associations of arylesterase, paraoxonase, and lactonase activities with HDL cholesterol (rho = 0.11, p = 0.005, rho = 0.20, p < 0.001, and rho = 0.20, p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed regarding metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, rs662 polymorphism allele frequencies, or the diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Nevertheless, correlations were found between certain PON1-related variables, steatosis, and ballooning. In conclusion, changes in PON1-related variables in morbidly obese patients are dependent on the disease itself and HDL levels. The relationships between these variables and specific liver histological changes raise intriguing questions for consideration in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Castañé
- Unitat de Recerca Biomédica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Dr. Josep Laporte 2, 43204 Reus, Spain; (H.C.); (A.J.-F.); (C.M.-N.); (C.P.-G.); (V.C.-C.); (A.-M.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Andrea Jiménez-Franco
- Unitat de Recerca Biomédica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Dr. Josep Laporte 2, 43204 Reus, Spain; (H.C.); (A.J.-F.); (C.M.-N.); (C.P.-G.); (V.C.-C.); (A.-M.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Cristian Martínez-Navidad
- Unitat de Recerca Biomédica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Dr. Josep Laporte 2, 43204 Reus, Spain; (H.C.); (A.J.-F.); (C.M.-N.); (C.P.-G.); (V.C.-C.); (A.-M.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Cristina Placed-Gallego
- Unitat de Recerca Biomédica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Dr. Josep Laporte 2, 43204 Reus, Spain; (H.C.); (A.J.-F.); (C.M.-N.); (C.P.-G.); (V.C.-C.); (A.-M.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Vicente Cambra-Cortés
- Unitat de Recerca Biomédica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Dr. Josep Laporte 2, 43204 Reus, Spain; (H.C.); (A.J.-F.); (C.M.-N.); (C.P.-G.); (V.C.-C.); (A.-M.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Adelina-Miruna Perta
- Unitat de Recerca Biomédica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Dr. Josep Laporte 2, 43204 Reus, Spain; (H.C.); (A.J.-F.); (C.M.-N.); (C.P.-G.); (V.C.-C.); (A.-M.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Marta París
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Dr. Josep Laporte 2, 43204 Reus, Spain; (M.P.); (D.d.C.)
| | - Daniel del Castillo
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Dr. Josep Laporte 2, 43204 Reus, Spain; (M.P.); (D.d.C.)
| | - Meritxell Arenas
- Unitat de Recerca Biomédica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Dr. Josep Laporte 2, 43204 Reus, Spain; (H.C.); (A.J.-F.); (C.M.-N.); (C.P.-G.); (V.C.-C.); (A.-M.P.); (M.A.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Dr. Josep Laporte 2, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomédica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Dr. Josep Laporte 2, 43204 Reus, Spain; (H.C.); (A.J.-F.); (C.M.-N.); (C.P.-G.); (V.C.-C.); (A.-M.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomédica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Dr. Josep Laporte 2, 43204 Reus, Spain; (H.C.); (A.J.-F.); (C.M.-N.); (C.P.-G.); (V.C.-C.); (A.-M.P.); (M.A.)
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M. S, V. J, Ahmad SF, Attia SM, Emran TB, Patil RB, Ahmed SSSJ. Structural Characteristics of PON1 with Leu55Met and Gln192Arg Variants Influencing Oxidative-Stress-Related Diseases: An Integrated Molecular Modeling and Dynamics Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:2060. [PMID: 38138163 PMCID: PMC10744641 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: PON1 is a multi-functional antioxidant protein that hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous and exogenous substrates in the human system. Growing evidence suggests that the Leu55Met and Gln192Arg substitutions alter PON1 activity and are linked with a variety of oxidative-stress-related diseases. Materials and Methods: We implemented structural modeling and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation along with essential dynamics of PON1 and molecular docking with their endogenous (n = 4) and exogenous (n = 6) substrates to gain insights into conformational changes and binding affinity in order to characterize the specific functional ramifications of PON1 variants. Results: The Leu55Met variation had a higher root mean square deviation (0.249 nm) than the wild type (0.216 nm) and Gln192Arg (0.202 nm), implying increased protein flexibility. Furthermore, the essential dynamics analysis confirms the structural change in PON1 with Leu55Met vs. Gln192Arg and wild type. Additionally, PON1 with Leu55Met causes local conformational alterations at the substrate binding site, leading to changes in binding affinity with their substrates. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the structural consequences of the variants, which would increase understanding of the role of PON1 in the pathogenesis of oxidative-stress-related diseases, as well as the management of endogenous and exogenous chemicals in the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhan M.
- Drug Discovery and Multi-Omics Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Janakiraman V.
- Drug Discovery and Multi-Omics Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sheikh F. Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabry M. Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Rajesh B. Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sinhgad Technical Education Societys, Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, Vadgaon (BK), Pune 411041, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shiek S. S. J. Ahmed
- Drug Discovery and Multi-Omics Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
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15
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Marjani A, Poursharifi N, Hashemi MM, Sajedi A, Tatari M. The association of paraoxonase I gene polymorphisms Q192R (rs662) and L55M (rs854560) and its activity with metabolic syndrome components in fars ethnic group. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2023; 44:295-303. [PMID: 36793191 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2022-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Metabolic syndrome (MetS) may cause premature development of some diseases. PON1 genes may be involved in the pathogenesis of MetS. The aim of study was to evaluate the association between Q192R and L55M gene polymorphisms and its enzyme activity with the MetS components in subjects with and without MetS. METHODS Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism analysis were performed to determine polymorphisms of the paraoxonase1 gene in subjects with and without metabolic syndrome. Biochemical parameters were measured by spectrophotometer. RESULTS The MM, LM, and LL genotype frequencies of the PON1 L55M polymorphism were 10.5, 43.4, and 46.1%, and 22.4, 46.6, and 31% and; the QQ, QR, and RR genotype frequencies of the PON1 Q192R polymorphism were 55.4, 38.6 and 6%; and 56.5, 34.8 and 8.7% in subjects with and without MetS, respectively. The L and M allele frequencies were 68 and 53%; and 32 and 47% for PON1 L55M in subjects with and without MetS, respectively. The Q and R allele frequencies for PON1 Q192R were 74 and 26% in both groups. There were significant differences in HDL-cholesterol level and PON1 activity in the genotypes QQ, QR, and RR of the PON1 Q192R polymorphism in subjects with MetS. CONCLUSIONS The PON1 Q192R genotypes had only effected on PON1 activity and HDL-cholesterol level in subjects with MetS. Different genotypes of the PON1 Q192R seem to be important candidates to make the subjects susceptible to MetS in the Fars ethnic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoljalal Marjani
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Gorgan Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Nahid Poursharifi
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Gorgan Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mostakhdem Hashemi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Gorgan Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Atefe Sajedi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Gorgan Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mahin Tatari
- Bioistatistics Counseling and Reproductive Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Gorgan, Iran
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16
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Whitt AG, Neely AM, Sarkar OS, Meng S, Arumugam S, Yaddanapudi K, Li C. Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) plays a limited role in murine lung tumorigenesis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9929. [PMID: 37337025 PMCID: PMC10279720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) is a multifunctional intracellular enzyme that has received growing attention for its ability to modulate various aspects of normal and malignant cellular physiology. Recent research has revealed that PON2 is upregulated in tissues from patients with various types of solid tumors and hematologic cancers, likely due to its ability to suppress oxidative stress and evade apoptosis. However, the effects of PON2 on pulmonary oncogenesis are unknown. Here, we conducted studies to investigate how PON2 influences lung cancer cell proliferation in vitro and lung tumorigenesis in vivo using a variety of cellular and animal models. It was found that PON2 expression deficiency hampered the proliferation of cultured lung cancer cells with concomitant cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. In addition, the loss of endogenous PON2 expression impaired key aspects of oxidative metabolism in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Moreover, we investigated how the interplay between PON2 expression in lung tumors and host mice influences lung tumor initiation and progression. PON2 status in both transplanted tumor cells and mice failed to influence the development of subcutaneously grafted Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) tumors, orthotopically implanted LLC tumors, and oncogenic Kras-driven primary lung adenocarcinoma tumors. Importantly, the frequencies of tumor-infiltrating myeloid subsets that include myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages were not impacted by PON2 expression in LLC tumor-bearing mice. Overall, our studies indicate that PON2 plays a limited role in murine lung tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron G Whitt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Brown Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Aaron M Neely
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Brown Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Department of Translational Genomics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Omar Sadi Sarkar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shuhan Meng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Brown Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Sengodagounder Arumugam
- NMR Facility, Brown Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kavitha Yaddanapudi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Immuno-Oncology Program, Brown Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Division of Immunotherapy, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Chi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Brown Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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17
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Bogomolov A, Filonov S, Chadaeva I, Rasskazov D, Khandaev B, Zolotareva K, Kazachek A, Oshchepkov D, Ivanisenko VA, Demenkov P, Podkolodnyy N, Kondratyuk E, Ponomarenko P, Podkolodnaya O, Mustafin Z, Savinkova L, Kolchanov N, Tverdokhleb N, Ponomarenko M. Candidate SNP Markers Significantly Altering the Affinity of TATA-Binding Protein for the Promoters of Human Hub Genes for Atherogenesis, Atherosclerosis and Atheroprotection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109010. [PMID: 37240358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a systemic disease in which focal lesions in arteries promote the build-up of lipoproteins and cholesterol they are transporting. The development of atheroma (atherogenesis) narrows blood vessels, reduces the blood supply and leads to cardiovascular diseases. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death, which has been especially boosted since the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a variety of contributors to atherosclerosis, including lifestyle factors and genetic predisposition. Antioxidant diets and recreational exercises act as atheroprotectors and can retard atherogenesis. The search for molecular markers of atherogenesis and atheroprotection for predictive, preventive and personalized medicine appears to be the most promising direction for the study of atherosclerosis. In this work, we have analyzed 1068 human genes associated with atherogenesis, atherosclerosis and atheroprotection. The hub genes regulating these processes have been found to be the most ancient. In silico analysis of all 5112 SNPs in their promoters has revealed 330 candidate SNP markers, which statistically significantly change the affinity of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) for these promoters. These molecular markers have made us confident that natural selection acts against underexpression of the hub genes for atherogenesis, atherosclerosis and atheroprotection. At the same time, upregulation of the one for atheroprotection promotes human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Bogomolov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Sergey Filonov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- The Natural Sciences Department, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Irina Chadaeva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Dmitry Rasskazov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Bato Khandaev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- The Natural Sciences Department, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Karina Zolotareva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- The Natural Sciences Department, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Anna Kazachek
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- The Natural Sciences Department, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Dmitry Oshchepkov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Ivanisenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Pavel Demenkov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Nikolay Podkolodnyy
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Kondratyuk
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Petr Ponomarenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Olga Podkolodnaya
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Zakhar Mustafin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Ludmila Savinkova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Nikolay Kolchanov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Natalya Tverdokhleb
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Mikhail Ponomarenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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Graham AM, Jamison JM, Bustos M, Cournoyer C, Michaels A, Presnell JS, Richter R, Crocker DE, Fustukjian A, Hunter ME, Rea LD, Marsillach J, Furlong CE, Meyer WK, Clark NL. Reduction of Paraoxonase Expression Followed by Inactivation across Independent Semiaquatic Mammals Suggests Stepwise Path to Pseudogenization. Mol Biol Evol 2023; 40:msad104. [PMID: 37146172 PMCID: PMC10202596 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Convergent adaptation to the same environment by multiple lineages frequently involves rapid evolutionary change at the same genes, implicating these genes as important for environmental adaptation. Such adaptive molecular changes may yield either change or loss of protein function; loss of function can eliminate newly deleterious proteins or reduce energy necessary for protein production. We previously found a striking case of recurrent pseudogenization of the Paraoxonase 1 (Pon1) gene among aquatic mammal lineages-Pon1 became a pseudogene with genetic lesions, such as stop codons and frameshifts, at least four times independently in aquatic and semiaquatic mammals. Here, we assess the landscape and pace of pseudogenization by studying Pon1 sequences, expression levels, and enzymatic activity across four aquatic and semiaquatic mammal lineages: pinnipeds, cetaceans, otters, and beavers. We observe in beavers and pinnipeds an unexpected reduction in expression of Pon3, a paralog with similar expression patterns but different substrate preferences. Ultimately, in all lineages with aquatic/semiaquatic members, we find that preceding any coding-level pseudogenization events in Pon1, there is a drastic decrease in expression, followed by relaxed selection, thus allowing accumulation of disrupting mutations. The recurrent loss of Pon1 function in aquatic/semiaquatic lineages is consistent with a benefit to Pon1 functional loss in aquatic environments. Accordingly, we examine diving and dietary traits across pinniped species as potential driving forces of Pon1 functional loss. We find that loss is best associated with diving activity and likely results from changes in selective pressures associated with hypoxia and hypoxia-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie M Graham
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jerrica M Jamison
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto—Scarborough, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marisol Bustos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas—San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | | | - Alexa Michaels
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME
| | - Jason S Presnell
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Rebecca Richter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Daniel E Crocker
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA
| | | | - Margaret E Hunter
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Gainesville, FL
| | - Lorrie D Rea
- Water and Environmental Research Center, Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska—Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK
| | - Judit Marsillach
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA
| | - Clement E Furlong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Wynn K Meyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA
| | - Nathan L Clark
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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19
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Godbole C, Thaker S, Salagre S, Shivane V, Gogtay N, Thatte U. A prospective study to assess the role of paraoxonase 1 genotype and phenotype on the lipid-lowering and antioxidant activity of statins. Indian J Pharmacol 2023; 55:179-184. [PMID: 37555413 PMCID: PMC10501533 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_215_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human paraoxonase 1 (PON1) enzyme protects against atherosclerosis by preventing low-density lipoprotein from oxidative modification. Upregulation of PON1 enzymatic activity is suggested to contribute to atheroprotective potential of statins. Glutamine (Q) to arginine (R) at site 192 and leucine (L) to methionine (M) substitution at site 55 polymorphisms influence the PON1 activity. The study assessed the role of PON1 polymorphisms on lipid-lowering and PON1-modulating activity of statins in a Western Indian cohort of patients with dyslipidemia. Lipid profile and PON1 activity were determined at baseline and 3 months after initiation of statin treatment. PON1 genotypes (QQ, QR, RR; LL, LM, and MM) were determined by PCR-RFLP. Paraoxon was used as a substrate for assessing PON1 activity by spectrophotometry. A total of 140 statin-naïve patients were enrolled; of them, 116 were available for final analysis. Fifty-seven (50%) had QQ, 39 (35%) had QR, and 17 (15%) had RR genotypes. Seventy-six (67%) patients had LL, 35 (31%) had LM, and 2 (2%) had MM genotypes. We observed no impact of PON1 polymorphisms on lipid parameters posttreatment. A significant increase was observed in the serum PON1 activity from a median (range) of 47.92 U/L (9.03-181.25) to 72.22 U/L (7.64-244.44) (P < 0.05) following statin treatment, which was independent from high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration. This increase was significantly greater in QQ compared to QR and RR genotypes (P = 0.01). To conclude, the important antioxidant properties of statins are exerted via the rise in serum PON1 activity, independent of HDL cholesterol concentrations. The increase was greater in individuals with QQ genotype. Future large-scale studies will validate the premise that QQ homozygotes see added benefits from statin treatment compared to R carriers. In the meantime, PON1 enzymatic activity remains an important marker to be measured while assessing pleotropic effects of statins in CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charuta Godbole
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Seth G. S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Saket Thaker
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Seth G. S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Santosh Salagre
- Department of Medicine, Seth G. S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vyankatesh Shivane
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth G. S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nithya Gogtay
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Seth G. S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Urmila Thatte
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Seth G. S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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20
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Abdel-Salam OM, El-Sayed El-Shamarka M, Youness ER, Shaffie N. Protective effect of hot peppers against amyloid β peptide and brain injury in AlCl 3-induced Alzheimer's disease in rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:335-342. [PMID: 36865040 PMCID: PMC9922365 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.67871.14845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives This study investigated the therapeutic effect of red hot pepper (Capsicum annuum) methanolic extract in induced Alzheimer's disease using AlCl3 in male rats. Materials and Methods Rats were injected with AlCl3 intraperitoneally (IP) daily for two months. Starting from the 2nd month of AlCl3, rats received, in addition, IP treatments with Capsicum extract (25 and 50 mg/kg) or saline. Other groups received only saline or Capsicum extract at 50 mg/kg for two months. Brain levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined. Additionally, paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity, interleukin-6 (IL-6), Aβ-peptide, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) concentrations in the brain were measured. Behavioral testing included wire-hanging tests for neuromuscular strength and memory tests such as Y-maze and Morris water maze. Histopathology of the brain was also done. Results Compared with saline-treated rats, AlCl3 caused significant elevation of brain oxidative stress as GSH level and PON-1 activity were depleted along with MDA and NO level elevation in the brain. There were also significant increases in brain Aβ-peptide, IL-6, and AChE levels. Behavioral testing indicated that AlCl3 decreased neuromuscular strength and impaired memory performance. Capsicum extract given to AlCl3-treated rats significantly alleviated oxidative stress and decreased Aβ-peptide and IL-6 in the brain. It also improved grip strength and memory functioning and prevented neuronal degeneration in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and substantia nigra of AlCl3-treated rats. Conclusion Short-term administration of ASA (50 mg/kg) has adverse effects on male reproductive function in mice. Co-administration of melatonin protects against ASA-induced impairment of male reproductive function by preventing the reduction in serum TAC and testosterone levels seen with ASA treatment alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M.E. Abdel-Salam
- Department of Toxicology and Narcotics, Medical Research, and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt ,Corresponding author: Omar M.E. Abdel-Salam. Department of Toxicology and Narcotics, National Research Centre, Tahrir Street, Dokki Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Marwa El-Sayed El-Shamarka
- Department of Toxicology and Narcotics, Medical Research, and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman R Youness
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Research, and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermeen Shaffie
- Department of Pathology, Medical Research, and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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21
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Effect of Sphingomyelinase-Treated LDLs on HUVECs. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052100. [PMID: 36903354 PMCID: PMC10004656 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) exert a key role in the transport of esterified cholesterol to tissues. Among the atherogenic modifications of LDLs, the oxidative modification has been mainly investigated as a major risk factor for accelerating atherogenesis. Since LDL sphingolipids are also emerging as important regulators of the atherogenic process, increasing attention is devoted to the effects of sphingomyelinase (SMase) on LDL structural and atherogenic properties. The aims of the study were to investigate the effect of SMase treatment on the physical-chemical properties of LDLs. Moreover, we evaluated cell viability, apoptosis, and oxidative and inflammatory status in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with either ox-LDLs or SMase-treated LDLs (SMase-LDLs). Both treatments were associated with the accrual of the intracellular ROS and upregulation of the antioxidant Paraoxonase 2 (PON2), while only SMase-LDLs induced an increase of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), suggesting the activation of a feedback loop to restrain the detrimental effects of ROS. The increased caspase-3 activity and reduced viability observed in cells treated with SMase-LDLs and ox-LDLs suggest a pro-apoptotic effect of these modified lipoproteins on endothelial cells. Moreover, a strong proinflammatory effect of SMase-LDLs compared to ox-LDLs was confirmed by an increased activation of NF-κB and consequent increased expression of its downstream cytokines IL-8 and IL-6 in HUVECs.
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22
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Markus V, Paul AA, Teralı K, Özer N, Marks RS, Golberg K, Kushmaro A. Conversations in the Gut: The Role of Quorum Sensing in Normobiosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043722. [PMID: 36835135 PMCID: PMC9963693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
An imbalance in gut microbiota, termed dysbiosis, has been shown to affect host health. Several factors, including dietary changes, have been reported to cause dysbiosis with its associated pathologies that include inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, obesity, depression, and autism. We recently demonstrated the inhibitory effects of artificial sweeteners on bacterial quorum sensing (QS) and proposed that QS inhibition may be one mechanism behind such dysbiosis. QS is a complex network of cell-cell communication that is mediated by small diffusible molecules known as autoinducers (AIs). Using AIs, bacteria interact with one another and coordinate their gene expression based on their population density for the benefit of the whole community or one group over another. Bacteria that cannot synthesize their own AIs secretly "listen" to the signals produced by other bacteria, a phenomenon known as "eavesdropping". AIs impact gut microbiota equilibrium by mediating intra- and interspecies interactions as well as interkingdom communication. In this review, we discuss the role of QS in normobiosis (the normal balance of bacteria in the gut) and how interference in QS causes gut microbial imbalance. First, we present a review of QS discovery and then highlight the various QS signaling molecules used by bacteria in the gut. We also explore strategies that promote gut bacterial activity via QS activation and provide prospects for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Markus
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia 99138, Cyprus
| | - Abraham Abbey Paul
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Kerem Teralı
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cyprus International University, Nicosia 99258, Cyprus
| | - Nazmi Özer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Girne American University, Kyrenia 99428, Cyprus
| | - Robert S. Marks
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel
- The Ilse Katz Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Karina Golberg
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel
- Correspondence: (K.G.); (A.K.); Tel.: +972-74-7795293 (K.G.); +972-747795291 (A.K.)
| | - Ariel Kushmaro
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel
- The Ilse Katz Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel
- School of Sustainability and Climate Change, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel
- Correspondence: (K.G.); (A.K.); Tel.: +972-74-7795293 (K.G.); +972-747795291 (A.K.)
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23
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Kunachowicz D, Ściskalska M, Kepinska M. Modulatory Effect of Lifestyle-Related, Environmental and Genetic Factors on Paraoxonase-1 Activity: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2813. [PMID: 36833509 PMCID: PMC9957543 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is a calcium-dependent, HDL-bound serum hydrolase active toward a wide variety of substrates. PON1 displays three types of activities, among which lactonase, paraoxonase, arylesterase and phosphotriesterase can be distinguished. Not only is this enzyme a major organophosphate compound detoxifier, but it is also an important constituent of the cellular antioxidant system and has anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic functions. The concentration and activity of PON1 is highly variable among individuals, and these differences can be both of genetic origin and be a subject of epigenetic regulation. Owing to the fact that, in recent decades, the exposure of humans to an increasing number of different xenobiotics has been continuously rising, the issues concerning the role and activity of PON1 shall be reconsidered with particular attention to growing pharmaceuticals intake, dietary habits and environmental awareness. In the following manuscript, the current state of knowledge concerning the influence of certain modifiable and unmodifiable factors, including smoking, alcohol intake, gender, age and genotype variation on PON1 activity, along with pathways through which these could interfere with the enzyme's protective functions, is presented and discussed. Since exposure to certain xenobiotics plays a key role in PON1 activity, the influence of organophosphates, heavy metals and several pharmaceutical agents is also specified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Kepinska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Division of Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50–556 Wrocław, Poland
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24
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Cervellati C, Trentini A, Rosta V, Zuliani G, Sega FVD, Fortini F, Rizzo P, Cimaglia P, Campo G. A Nutraceutical Compound Containing a Low Dose of Monacolin K, Polymethoxyflavones, Phenolic Acids, Flavonoids, and Hydroxytyrosol Improves HDL Functionality. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2023; 21:433-442. [PMID: 36824007 DOI: 10.2174/1570161121666230221142131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In earlier studies, it has been observed that 8-week treatment with a novel nutraceutical compound (NC) containing low monacolin K dose, polymethoxyflavones, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and hydroxytyrosol improves lipid profile and endothelial function and reduces the level of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). We hypothesize that this effect might be, at least in part, explained by positive modulation exerted by the NC on the atheroprotective function of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). AIM This study aimed to evaluate whether the NC could influence determinants of HDL function. METHODS Forty-five subjects with low-moderate dyslipidaemia were enrolled and treated for 8 weeks with the NC, followed by 4 weeks of washout. Blood samples were collected at every time point to evaluate changes in lipid profile, endothelial function, oxLDL, and markers of HDL function, such as the anti-oxidant activities of paraoxonase-1, glutathione peroxidase-3 (Gpx3), lipoprotein-phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), and pro-oxidant activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO). RESULTS Although the concentration of HDL-C did not change, the activity of Lp-PLA2 significantly decreased upon treatment (-11.6%, p<0.001) and returned to baseline level 4 weeks after the end of treatment. In contrast, Gpx3 increased after treatment (+5%, p<0.01) and remained unvaried after 4 weeks. Both MPO activity and concentration significantly decreased after the washout period (-33 and 32%, p<0.001). CONCLUSION For the first time, it was found that the administration of an NC with beneficial effects on lipid homeostasis also positively impacts HDL function by improving the balance between protective and damaging determinants. Further investigation is required to corroborate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Cervellati
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Trentini
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valentina Rosta
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zuliani
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Rizzo
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Paolo Cimaglia
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Gianluca Campo
- Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero- Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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25
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Que F, Zhang L, Wang T, Xu M, Li W, Zang S. RHOA G17V induces T follicular helper cell specification and involves angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma via upregulating the expression of PON2 through an NF-κB-dependent mechanism. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2134536. [PMID: 36249275 PMCID: PMC9559328 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2134536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is a malignant hematologic tumor arising from T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. High-throughput genomic sequencing studies have shown that AITL is characterized by a novel highly recurring somatic mutation in RHOA, encoding p.Gly17Val (RHOA G17V). However, the specific role of RHOA G17V in AITL remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated that expression of Rhoa G17V in CD4+ T cells increased cell proliferation and induces Tfh cell specification associated with Pon2 upregulation through an NF-κB-dependent mechanism. Further, loss of Pon2 attenuated oncogenic function induced by genetic lesions in Rhoa. In addition, an abnormality of RHOA G17V mutation and PON2 expression is also detected in patients with AITL. Our findings suggest that PON2 associated with RHOA G17V mutation might control the direction of the molecular agents-based AITL and provide a new therapeutic target in AITL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglian Que
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Taoli Wang
- Department of Pathology, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan, 412007, China
| | - Meifang Xu
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Wangen Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Shengbing Zang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
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26
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Erre GL, Bassu S, Giordo R, Mangoni AA, Carru C, Pintus G, Zinellu A. Association between Paraoxonase/Arylesterase Activity of Serum PON-1 Enzyme and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122317. [PMID: 36552525 PMCID: PMC9774899 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A decrease in serum paraoxonase (PON-1) and arylesterase (ARE) activity has been reported in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and linked to chronic inflammation and impaired antioxidant defense. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to critically appraise the current evidence on plasma/serum concentrations of PON-1 and ARE activity in RA patients and healthy controls. The Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched from inception to November 2021. We used random-effects meta-analysis. The risk of bias was estimated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist tool. The certainty of the evidence was assessed with GRADE. The study complied with the PRISMA statements and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022345380). Results: Seventeen studies reported PON-1 activity (1144 RA patients, 797 controls) and ten reported ARE activity (1367 RA patients, 1037 controls). RA patients had significantly lower PON-1 (SMD = −1.32, 95% CI −1.94 to −0.70; p < 0.001) and ARE activity (SMD = −0.91, 95% CI −1.37 to −0.46; p < 0.001). There was substantial heterogeneity (PON, I2 97%; ARE, 95.7%, p < 0.001 for both). There was no publication bias. The pooled SMD values did not significantly change after sensitivity analysis. The certainty of the evidence was very low due to the observational nature of the studies and the large heterogeneity. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis has shown that both serum PON-1 and ARE activity are significantly lower in RA patients, suggesting a deficit in antioxidant defense mechanisms in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Luca Erre
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-079228317; Fax: +39-079216282
| | - Stefania Bassu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberta Giordo
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Arduino A. Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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Cavallero A, Puccini P, Aprile V, Lucchi M, Gervasi P, Longo V, Gabriele M. Presence, enzymatic activity, and subcellular localization of paraoxonases 1, 2, and 3 in human lung tissues. Life Sci 2022; 311:121147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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28
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Dietrich E, Jomard A, Osto E. Crosstalk between high-density lipoproteins and endothelial cells in health and disease: Insights into sex-dependent modulation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:989428. [PMID: 36304545 PMCID: PMC9594152 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.989428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Intense research in vascular biology has advanced our knowledge of molecular mechanisms of its onset and progression until complications; however, several aspects of the patho-physiology of atherosclerosis remain to be further elucidated. Endothelial cell homeostasis is fundamental to prevent atherosclerosis as the appearance of endothelial cell dysfunction is considered the first pro-atherosclerotic vascular modification. Physiologically, high density lipoproteins (HDLs) exert protective actions for vessels and in particular for ECs. Indeed, HDLs promote endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation, contribute to the regulation of vascular lipid metabolism, and have immune-modulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. Sex- and gender-dependent differences are increasingly recognized as important, although not fully elucidated, factors in cardiovascular health and disease patho-physiology. In this review, we highlight the importance of sex hormones and sex-specific gene expression in the regulation of HDL and EC cross-talk and their contribution to cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Dietrich
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anne Jomard
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elena Osto
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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29
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Bacchetti T, Campagna R, Sartini D, Cecati M, Morresi C, Bellachioma L, Martinelli E, Rocchetti G, Lucini L, Ferretti G, Emanuelli M. C. spinosa L. subsp. rupestris Phytochemical Profile and Effect on Oxidative Stress in Normal and Cancer Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196488. [PMID: 36235028 PMCID: PMC9573631 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Spices, widely used to improve the sensory characteristics of food, contain several bioactive compounds as well, including polyphenols, carotenoids, and glucosynolates. Acting through multiple pathways, these bioactive molecules affect a wide variety of cellular processes involved in molecular mechanisms important in the onset and progress of human diseases. Capparis spinosa L. is an aromatic plant characteristic of the Mediterranean diet. Previous studies have reported that different parts (aerial parts, roots, and seeds) of C. spinosa exert various pharmacological activities. Flower buds of C. spinosa contain several bioactive compounds, including polyphenols and glucosinolates. Two different subspecies of C. spinosa L., namely, C. spinosa L. subsp. spinosa, and C. spinosa L. subsp. rupestris, have been reported. Few studies have been carried out in C. spinosa L. subsp. rupestris. The aim of our study was to investigate the phytochemical profile of floral buds of the less investigated species C. spinosa subsp. rupestris. Moreover, we investigated the effect of the extract from buds of C. spinosa subsp. rupestris (CSE) on cell proliferation, intracellular ROS levels, and expression of the antioxidant and anti-apoptotic enzyme paraoxonase-2 (PON2) in normal and cancer cells. T24 cells and Caco-2 cells were selected as models of advanced-stage human bladder cancer and human colorectal adenocarcinoma, respectively. The immortalized human urothelial cell line (UROtsa) and human dermal fibroblast (HuDe) were chosen as normal cell models. Through an untargeted metabolomic approach based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS), our results demonstrate that C. spinosa subsp. rupestris flower buds contain polyphenols and glucosinolates able to exert a higher cytotoxic effect and higher intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in cancer cells compared to normal cells. Moreover, upregulation of the expression of the enzyme PON2 was observed in cancer cells. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that normal and cancer cells are differentially sensitive to CSE, which has different effects on PON2 gene expression as well. The overexpression of PON2 in T24 cells treated with CSE could represent a mechanism by which tumor cells protect themselves from the apoptotic process induced by glucosinolates and polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Bacchetti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (G.F.)
| | - Roberto Campagna
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Davide Sartini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Monia Cecati
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Camilla Morresi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Luisa Bellachioma
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Erika Martinelli
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Gabriele Rocchetti
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Gianna Ferretti
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (G.F.)
| | - Monica Emanuelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- New York-Marche Structural Biology Center (NY-MaSBiC), Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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30
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Anđelković M, Djordjevic AB, Javorac D, Baralić K, Đukić-Ćosić D, Repić A, Zeljković A, Vekić J, Čolaković N, Bulat Z. Possible role of lead in breast cancer - a case-control study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:65211-65221. [PMID: 35488155 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20439-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Numerous risk factors have been associated with breast cancer (BC), exposure to metalloestrogen, like lead, being such. Since lead involvement in BC is still equivocal, we focused on lead levels in three compartments of BC patients, blood, healthy, and malignant tissues. Also, as the cholesterol role in cancer development was recognized at the beginning of the twentieth century and led to involvement in lipid profile impairment, we further extend our research on lipid profile and enzymes responsible for maintaining lipid balance in BC patients. Fifty-five women diagnosed with BC were enrolled in the study. Forty-one healthy women represented the control group. Lead levels in blood, healthy surrounding and malignant tissue, and lipid profile parameters in serum, were determined. Higher lead levels were obtained in surrounding healthy tissue samples compared to cancerous tissue samples, while blood lead levels of BC women did not differ significantly from the control group. The altered lipid profile scheme in women diagnosed with breast cancer contained significantly higher triglycerides levels (P < 0.001). Moreover, logistic regression analysis revealed triglycerides as a significant predictor of BC (OR = 2.6; P < 0.01). Although statistical significance was missing for lower paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activities observed in BC women, multivariate logistic regression singled out PON-1 activities as significant BC predictors. The result of the present study further indicated oxidative status imbalance and tissue levels bioelements perturbation. Obtained results in the present study propose possible lead involvement in BC onset accompanied with bioelements redistribution and oxidative stress occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Anđelković
- University Hospital Medical Center Kosovska Mitrovica, Kosovska Mitrovica, 38220, Serbia
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, 11221, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Buha Djordjevic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, 11221, Serbia
| | - Dragana Javorac
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, 11221, Serbia.
| | - Katarina Baralić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, 11221, Serbia
| | - Danijela Đukić-Ćosić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, 11221, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Repić
- Serbian Institute for Occupational Health "Dr Dragomir Karajović", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Zeljković
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, 11221, Serbia
| | - Jelena Vekić
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, 11221, Serbia
| | - Nataša Čolaković
- University Hospital Medical Center Bezanijska kosa, Belgrade, 11080, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11211, Serbia
| | - Zorica Bulat
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, 11221, Serbia
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31
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Zhu D, Zhang M, He B, Wan Y, Wang L, Gao F. The role of sex and ovarian hormones in hippocampal damage and cognitive deficits induced by chronic exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:953417. [PMID: 36003965 PMCID: PMC9393425 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.953417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to investigate the role of sex and ovarian hormones in hippocampal damage and cognitive deficits and behavioral dysfunction in rats induced by chronic exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. Methods Six-week-old male and female SD rats were housed for 3 months either in a real altitude (4,250 m) environment as the model of chronic hypobaric-hypoxia (CHH) or in a plain as controls. The animal behavioral and hippocampal neurons at subcellular, molecular, and ultrastructural levels were characterized after CHH exposure. Results After 3 months of CHH exposure, (1) male CHH rats’ serum testosterone level was lower than male controls’ whereas female CHH rats’ serum estradiol level was higher than female controls’; (2) Morris water maze test finds that male rats showed more learning and spatial memory deficits than female rats; (3) male rats showed more severe hippocampal damage, hippocampal inflammation, oxidative stress and decreased hippocampal integrity (neurogenesis and dendritic spine density) than female rats; (4) Western blot analysis shows that, compared with the male control group, in male CHH group’s hippocampus, expression of nNOS, HO-1, and Bax protein increased whereas that of Bcl-2 protein decreased; (5) Expression of PON2 protein in male rats (CHH and controls) was lower than female rats (CHH and controls). In addition, CHH exposure decreased the expression of PON2 protein in both male and female rats; (6) qPCR analysis reveals that CHH exposure reduced the gene expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor NR2A and NR2B subunits in male rats’ hippocampus. In addition, compared with the sham CHH group, the expression level of PON2 protein decreased in the OVX-CHH group’s hippocampus whereas oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and degeneration of hippocampal neurons increased in the OVX-CHH group’s hippocampus. Conclusion After CHH exposure, male rats were significantly more likely than female rats to develop hippocampal damage, hippocampal neuroinflammation, and cognitive decline and deficits, suggesting that sex and ovarian hormones were significantly involved in regulating the rats’ susceptibility to CHH exposure-induced hippocampal damage.
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Parween F, Yadav P, Singh K, Gupta RD. Production of highly soluble native human paraoxonase 2 with potential anti-biofilm property. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 53:465-474. [PMID: 35856452 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2101000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) is considered as a potential anti-biofilm agent due to the highest lactonase activity among the PON family members implicating quorum quenching in gram-negative bacteria. However, PON2 is expressed mostly in insoluble fractions in the bacterial expression host which limits its application as an anti-biofilm agent. Therefore, obtaining the native human PON2 (HuPON2) protein in soluble form, better protein yield, stability, and enzymatic activities is essential. In this study, procedures for obtaining a high yield of the native form of HuPON2 in soluble and active forms were optimized. Guanidinium hydrochloride solubilized the HuPON2 protein, however, it is lethal for several bacteria, and thus a major problem for studying the various downstream application of the protein. Therefore, another refolding process for native HuPON2 was optimized. Owing to the promiscuous nature of HuPON2, we hypothesized that it could inhibit the biofilm formation in Mycobacterium smegmatis also. Interestingly, we observed a significant inhibition of the biofilm formation by HuPON2_Rf. However, the primary target of HuPON2 and the probable mechanism behind the quorum quenching in M. smegmatis need to be further explored, which would help widen the scope of HuPON2 as a potential anti-biofilm agent beyond the gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauzia Parween
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Priyamedha Yadav
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalyani Singh
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rinkoo Devi Gupta
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
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Otocka-Kmiecik A. Effect of Carotenoids on Paraoxonase-1 Activity and Gene Expression. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142842. [PMID: 35889799 PMCID: PMC9318174 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an antioxidant enzyme attached to HDL with an anti-atherogenic potential. It protects LDL and HDL from lipid peroxidation. The enzyme is sensitive to various modulating factors, such as genetic polymorphisms as well as pharmacological, dietary (including carotenoids), and lifestyle interventions. Carotenoids are nutritional pigments with antioxidant activity. The aim of this review was to gather evidence on their effect on the modulation of PON1 activity and gene expression. Carotenoids administered as naturally occurring nutritional mixtures may present a synergistic beneficial effect on PON1 status. The effect of carotenoids on the enzyme depends on age, ethnicity, gender, diet, and PON1 genetic variation. Carotenoids, especially astaxanthin, β-carotene, and lycopene, increase PON1 activity. This effect may be explained by their ability to quench singlet oxygen and scavenge free radicals. β-carotene and lycopene were additionally shown to upregulate PON1 gene expression. The putative mechanisms of such regulation involve PON1 CpG-rich region methylation, Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKKII) pathway induction, and upregulation via steroid regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP-2). More detailed and extensive research on the mechanisms of PON1 modulation by carotenoids may lead to the development of new targeted therapies for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Otocka-Kmiecik
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka St., 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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34
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Potential Predictive Value of Serum Pentraxin 3 and Paraoxonase 1 for Cardiometabolic Disorders Development in Patients with Psoriasis-Preliminary Data. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070580. [PMID: 35888704 PMCID: PMC9324570 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a systemic disease that is linked to cardiometabolic complications. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) exerts anti-atherogenic properties. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is related to heart failure and atherosclerosis. We aimed to evaluate the protein levels in psoriatic patients and explore possible relations with disease activity, metaflammation parameters and systemic treatment. Thirty-three patients with plaque-type psoriasis and eleven healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were collected before and after three months of therapy with acitretin or methotrexate. Serum proteins levels were evaluated using Bio-Plex 200 System. The mean serum pentraxin 3 level was significantly higher in patients with psoriasis, compared to controls (p < 0.01). Significant negative correlations between PTX3 with triglycerides in overweight patients, with glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides in obese patients, and with cholesterol and triglycerides in severe psoriatics were noted (all p < 0.05). After the treatment, PTX3 significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The mean serum PON1 in psoriatic patients did not differ, compared to the controls (p > 0.05). In psoriatics of normal weight, PON1 correlated negatively with liver enzymes activity (p < 0.05). PTX3 might exert a protective role in terms of cardiometabolic disorders development, especially in overweight and obese or most severe psoriatics. PON1 could serve as an indicator of the liver disorders in psoriasis.
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Shang J, Li H, Wu B, Jiang N, Wang B, Wang D, Zhong J, Chen Y, Xu X, Lu H. CircHIPK3 prevents chondrocyte apoptosis and cartilage degradation by sponging miR-30a-3p and promoting PON2. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13285. [PMID: 35716032 PMCID: PMC9436899 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease featured by the deterioration of articular cartilage and chondrocyte death. Emerging evidence has indicated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play an essential role in OA progress. Here, we found that the expression of circHIPK3 was significantly decreased in human and mouse OA cartilage. Knocking down circHIPK3 increased apoptosis and intracellular ROS level in HC‐a chondrocytes. We performed proteomic studies and identified that circHIPK3 regulated chondrocyte apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. Results of JC‐1 staining and western blot further confirmed that mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization was promoted in HC‐a chondrocytes transfected by circHIPK3 siRNA. In terms of mechanism, we showed that PON2 functioned as a potential target of circHIPK3 to regulate chondrocyte apoptosis. Moreover, we revealed that circHIPK3 interacted with miR‐30a‐3p to regulate PON2 expression in chondrocytes. Taken together, our findings suggested that circHIPK3 regulated chondrocyte apoptosis by mitochondrial pathway, and targeting the circHIPK3/miR‐30a‐3p/PON2 axis might be a potential strategy for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Huizi Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Biao Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Junlong Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yufeng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xianghe Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Huading Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
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Fang BK, Dai CY, Severance S, Hwang CC, Huang CH, Hou SY, Yeh BL, Gong MM, Chou YH, Wang JJ, Wang TP. Sensitive Assay for the Lactonase Activity of Serum Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) by Harnessing the Fluorescence Turn-On Characteristics of Bioorthogonally Synthesized and Geometrically Controlled Chemical Probes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082435. [PMID: 35458635 PMCID: PMC9027646 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The lactonase activity of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) has a crucial antiatherogenic function, and also serves as an important biochemical marker in human blood because the aberrant lactonase activity of PON1 is a key indicator for a number of diverse human diseases. However, no sensitive fluorescence assays that detect PON1 lactonase activity are available. We report the synthesis of two fluorescence turn-on chemical probes 16a and 16b (16) able to quantify PON1 lactonase activity. The chemical probes were constructed utilizing a disulfide-containing bicyclononyne, derivatives of rhodamine B and carboxyfluorescein, and reactions including copper-free azide–alkyne cycloaddition. Fluorescence quenching in 16 was characterized by spectroscopic studies and was mainly attributed to the effect of contact quenching. Kinetic analysis of 16b confirmed the outstanding reactivity and specificity of 16b with thiols in the presence of general base catalysts. The 16b-based assay was employed to determine PON1 lactonase activity, with a linear range of 10.8–232.1 U L−1 and detection limit (LOD) of 10.8 U L−1, to quantify serum PON1 activity in human sera, and to determine the Ki of 20.9 μM for the 2-hydroxyquinoline inhibition of PON1 lactonase. We are employing 16b to develop high-throughput assays for PON1 lactonase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Kai Fang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (B.-K.F.); (C.-H.H.); (S.-Y.H.); (B.-L.Y.); (M.-M.G.); (J.-J.W.)
| | - Chia-Yen Dai
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- College of Professional Studies, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Scott Severance
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Liberty University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lynchburg, VA 24515, USA;
| | - Chi-Ching Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Chien-Hui Huang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (B.-K.F.); (C.-H.H.); (S.-Y.H.); (B.-L.Y.); (M.-M.G.); (J.-J.W.)
| | - Sin-Yu Hou
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (B.-K.F.); (C.-H.H.); (S.-Y.H.); (B.-L.Y.); (M.-M.G.); (J.-J.W.)
| | - Bao-Lin Yeh
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (B.-K.F.); (C.-H.H.); (S.-Y.H.); (B.-L.Y.); (M.-M.G.); (J.-J.W.)
| | - Ming-Mao Gong
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (B.-K.F.); (C.-H.H.); (S.-Y.H.); (B.-L.Y.); (M.-M.G.); (J.-J.W.)
| | - Yun-Hao Chou
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Jeh-Jeng Wang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (B.-K.F.); (C.-H.H.); (S.-Y.H.); (B.-L.Y.); (M.-M.G.); (J.-J.W.)
| | - Tzu-Pin Wang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (B.-K.F.); (C.-H.H.); (S.-Y.H.); (B.-L.Y.); (M.-M.G.); (J.-J.W.)
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2756); Fax: +886-7-312-5339
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High-throughput optical assays for sensing serine hydrolases in living systems and their applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Medina-Díaz IM, Ponce-Ruíz N, Rojas-García AE, Zambrano-Zargoza JF, Bernal-Hernández YY, González-Arias CA, Barrón-Vivanco BS, Herrera-Moreno JF. The Relationship between Cancer and Paraoxonase 1. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040697. [PMID: 35453382 PMCID: PMC9028432 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive research has been carried out to understand and elucidate the mechanisms of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) in the development of diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, and inflammatory diseases. This review focuses on the relationship between PON1 and cancer. The data suggest that PON1, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and cancer are closely linked. Certainly, the gene expression of PON1 will remain challenging to study. Therefore, targeting PON1, redox-sensitive pathways, and transcription factors promise prevention and therapy in the development of several diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Martha Medina-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepict 63000, Mexico; (N.P.-R.); (A.E.R.-G.); (Y.Y.B.-H.); (C.A.G.-A.); (B.S.B.-V.); (J.F.H.-M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Néstor Ponce-Ruíz
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepict 63000, Mexico; (N.P.-R.); (A.E.R.-G.); (Y.Y.B.-H.); (C.A.G.-A.); (B.S.B.-V.); (J.F.H.-M.)
| | - Aurora Elizabeth Rojas-García
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepict 63000, Mexico; (N.P.-R.); (A.E.R.-G.); (Y.Y.B.-H.); (C.A.G.-A.); (B.S.B.-V.); (J.F.H.-M.)
| | | | - Yael Y. Bernal-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepict 63000, Mexico; (N.P.-R.); (A.E.R.-G.); (Y.Y.B.-H.); (C.A.G.-A.); (B.S.B.-V.); (J.F.H.-M.)
| | - Cyndia Azucena González-Arias
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepict 63000, Mexico; (N.P.-R.); (A.E.R.-G.); (Y.Y.B.-H.); (C.A.G.-A.); (B.S.B.-V.); (J.F.H.-M.)
| | - Briscia S. Barrón-Vivanco
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepict 63000, Mexico; (N.P.-R.); (A.E.R.-G.); (Y.Y.B.-H.); (C.A.G.-A.); (B.S.B.-V.); (J.F.H.-M.)
| | - José Francisco Herrera-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepict 63000, Mexico; (N.P.-R.); (A.E.R.-G.); (Y.Y.B.-H.); (C.A.G.-A.); (B.S.B.-V.); (J.F.H.-M.)
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Mohammed CJ, Lamichhane S, Connolly JA, Soehnlen SM, Khalaf FK, Malhotra D, Haller ST, Isailovic D, Kennedy DJ. A PON for All Seasons: Comparing Paraoxonase Enzyme Substrates, Activity and Action including the Role of PON3 in Health and Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030590. [PMID: 35326240 PMCID: PMC8945423 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonases (PONs) are a family of hydrolytic enzymes consisting of three members, PON1, PON2, and PON3, located on human chromosome 7. Identifying the physiological substrates of these enzymes is necessary for the elucidation of their biological roles and to establish their applications in the biomedical field. PON substrates are classified as organophosphates, aryl esters, and lactones based on their structure. While the established native physiological activity of PONs is its lactonase activity, the enzymes’ exact physiological substrates continue to be elucidated. All three PONs have antioxidant potential and play an important anti-atherosclerotic role in several diseases including cardiovascular diseases. PON3 is the last member of the family to be discovered and is also the least studied of the three genes. Unlike the other isoforms that have been reviewed extensively, there is a paucity of knowledge regarding PON3. Thus, the current review focuses on PON3 and summarizes the PON substrates, specific activities, kinetic parameters, and their association with cardiovascular as well as other diseases such as HIV and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysan J. Mohammed
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (C.J.M.); (J.A.C.); (S.M.S.); (F.K.K.); (D.M.); (S.T.H.)
| | - Sabitri Lamichhane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (S.L.); (D.I.)
| | - Jacob A. Connolly
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (C.J.M.); (J.A.C.); (S.M.S.); (F.K.K.); (D.M.); (S.T.H.)
| | - Sophia M. Soehnlen
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (C.J.M.); (J.A.C.); (S.M.S.); (F.K.K.); (D.M.); (S.T.H.)
| | - Fatimah K. Khalaf
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (C.J.M.); (J.A.C.); (S.M.S.); (F.K.K.); (D.M.); (S.T.H.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Alkafeel, Najaf 61001, Iraq
| | - Deepak Malhotra
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (C.J.M.); (J.A.C.); (S.M.S.); (F.K.K.); (D.M.); (S.T.H.)
| | - Steven T. Haller
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (C.J.M.); (J.A.C.); (S.M.S.); (F.K.K.); (D.M.); (S.T.H.)
| | - Dragan Isailovic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (S.L.); (D.I.)
| | - David J. Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (C.J.M.); (J.A.C.); (S.M.S.); (F.K.K.); (D.M.); (S.T.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-419-383-6822
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Abstract
Background Obesity in asthmatics has been associated with higher airway oxidative stress in which dysfunctional mitochondria are a potential contributing source of excess free radicals. Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) plays an important role in reducing mitochondrial-derived oxidative stress and could, therefore, have therapeutic potential in these patients. Objectives We used primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) from asthmatics and healthy controls to evaluate: a) protein levels of Paraoxonase 2 and b) to test the potential protective effect of quercetin supplementation in cells under oxidative stress conditions. Results Compared to lean controls, obese asthmatics had significantly lower PON2 airway epithelial levels (respectively, 1.08 vs. 0.47 relative units normalized by GAPDH) (p-value < 0.006). Treating HBECs in vitro for 24 hrs. with 25μM quercetin significantly increased PON2 protein levels: 15.5 treated cells vs. 9.8 untreated cells (relative units normalized by GAPDH) (p value = 0.004). Notably, compared to untreated cells, quercetin supplementation reduces mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production on HBECs cells exposed to different oxidative stress triggers such as 1–2 Naphthoquinone (1–2 NQ) and hydrogen peroxide, suggesting that PON2 might play a protective role ameliorating oxidative injury on human airway epithelium. Conclusion Compared to lean controls, obese asthmatics have significantly reduced PON2 levels in airway epithelial cells. Treatment with quercetin in vitro increased PON2 protein levels and prevented oxidative stress from different types of stimuli. Hence, quercetin supplementation may be a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent obesity-mediated airway oxidative stress in obese asthmatics.
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Zuin M, Trentini A, Marsillach J, D'Amuri A, Bosi C, Roncon L, Passaro A, Zuliani G, Mackness M, Cervellati C. Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) Arylesterase Activity Levels in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Meta-Analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:4264314. [PMID: 35308142 PMCID: PMC8930235 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4264314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Aim To review and compare the PON-1 arylesterase activity between coronary artery disease (CAD) and non-CAD patients. Methods Data were obtained by searching MEDLINE and Scopus for all investigations published between January 1, 2000 and March 1, 2021 comparing PON-1 arylesterase activity between CAD and controls. Results Twenty studies, based on 5417 patients, met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. A random effect model revealed that PON-1 arylesterase activity was significantly lower in the CAD group compared to controls (SMD = -0.587, 95%CI = -0.776 to -0.339, p < 0.0001, I 2 = 92.3%). In CAD patients, the PON-1 arylesterase activity was significantly higher among CAD patients without diabetes mellitus (DM) compared to those with diabetes (SMD: 0.235, 95% CI: 0.014 to 0.456, p = 0.03, I 2 = 0%). Conclusions PON-1 activity is significantly lower in CAD patients, and those without DM presented a significantly higher PON-1 arylesterase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Zuin
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Trentini
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Italy
| | - Judit Marsillach
- Medicine (Division of Medical Genetics), University of Washington, Health Sciences Building, Seattle, WA 98195-7720, USA
| | - Andrea D'Amuri
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cristina Bosi
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Loris Roncon
- Department of Cardiology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Viale Tre Martiri 140, 45100 Rovigo, Italy
| | - Angelina Passaro
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
- Research and Innovation Section, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zuliani
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mike Mackness
- Avenida Principe De' Espanya, Miami Platja 43892, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carlo Cervellati
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Zarkasi KA, Abdul Murad NA, Ahmad N, Jamal R, Abdullah N. Coronary Heart Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Genetic Factors and Their Mechanisms, Gene-Gene, and Gene-Environment Interactions in the Asian Populations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:647. [PMID: 35055468 PMCID: PMC8775550 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Asians are more susceptible to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and its coronary heart disease (CHD) complications than the Western populations, possibly due to genetic factors, higher degrees of obesity, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction that could occur even in healthy individuals. The genetic factors and their mechanisms, along with gene-gene and gene-environment interactions associated with CHD in T2D Asians, are yet to be explored. Therefore, the objectives of this paper were to review the current evidence of genetic factors for CHD, summarize the proposed mechanisms of these genes and how they may associate with CHD risk, and review the gene-gene and gene-environment interactions in T2D Asians with CHD. The genetic factors can be grouped according to their involvement in the energy and lipoprotein metabolism, vascular and endothelial pathology, antioxidation, cell cycle regulation, DNA damage repair, hormonal regulation of glucose metabolism, as well as cytoskeletal function and intracellular transport. Meanwhile, interactions between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from different genes, SNPs within a single gene, and genetic interaction with environmental factors including obesity, smoking habit, and hyperlipidemia could modify the gene's effect on the disease risk. Collectively, these factors illustrate the complexities of CHD in T2D, specifically among Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairul Anwar Zarkasi
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (K.A.Z.); (N.A.A.M.); (R.J.)
- Biochemistry Unit, Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azian Abdul Murad
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (K.A.Z.); (N.A.A.M.); (R.J.)
| | - Norfazilah Ahmad
- Epidemiology and Statistics Unit, Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (K.A.Z.); (N.A.A.M.); (R.J.)
| | - Noraidatulakma Abdullah
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (K.A.Z.); (N.A.A.M.); (R.J.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
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Vahey J, Gifford EJ, Sims KJ, Chesnut B, Boyle SH, Stafford C, Upchurch J, Stone A, Pyarajan S, Efird JT, Williams CD, Hauser ER. Gene-Toxicant Interactions in Gulf War Illness: Differential Effects of the PON1 Genotype. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1558. [PMID: 34942860 PMCID: PMC8699623 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11121558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
About 25-35% of United States veterans who fought in the 1990-1991 Gulf War report several moderate or severe chronic systemic symptoms, defined as Gulf War illness (GWI). Thirty years later, there is little consensus on the causes or biological underpinnings of GWI. The Gulf War Era Cohort and Biorepository (GWECB) was designed to investigate genetic and environmental associations with GWI and consists of 1343 veterans. We investigate candidate gene-toxicant interactions that may be associated with GWI based on prior associations found in human and animal model studies, focusing on SNPs in or near ACHE, BCHE, and PON1 genes to replicate results from prior studies. SOD1 was also considered as a candidate gene. CDC Severe GWI, the primary outcome, was observed in 26% of the 810 deployed veterans included in this study. The interaction between the candidate SNP rs662 and pyridostigmine bromide (PB) pills was found to be associated with CDC Severe GWI. Interactions between PB pill exposure and rs3917545, rs3917550, and rs2299255, all in high linkage disequilibrium in PON1, were also associated with respiratory symptoms. These SNPs could point toward biological pathways through which GWI may develop, which could lead to biomarkers to detect GWI or to better treatment options for veterans with GWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Vahey
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center-Durham, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC 27705, USA; (J.V.); (E.J.G.); (K.J.S.); (B.C.); (S.H.B.); (C.S.); (J.U.); (J.T.E.); (C.D.W.)
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Elizabeth J. Gifford
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center-Durham, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC 27705, USA; (J.V.); (E.J.G.); (K.J.S.); (B.C.); (S.H.B.); (C.S.); (J.U.); (J.T.E.); (C.D.W.)
- Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke Margolis Center for Health Policy, Duke University Sanford School of Public Policy, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Kellie J. Sims
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center-Durham, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC 27705, USA; (J.V.); (E.J.G.); (K.J.S.); (B.C.); (S.H.B.); (C.S.); (J.U.); (J.T.E.); (C.D.W.)
| | - Blair Chesnut
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center-Durham, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC 27705, USA; (J.V.); (E.J.G.); (K.J.S.); (B.C.); (S.H.B.); (C.S.); (J.U.); (J.T.E.); (C.D.W.)
| | - Stephen H. Boyle
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center-Durham, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC 27705, USA; (J.V.); (E.J.G.); (K.J.S.); (B.C.); (S.H.B.); (C.S.); (J.U.); (J.T.E.); (C.D.W.)
| | - Crystal Stafford
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center-Durham, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC 27705, USA; (J.V.); (E.J.G.); (K.J.S.); (B.C.); (S.H.B.); (C.S.); (J.U.); (J.T.E.); (C.D.W.)
| | - Julie Upchurch
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center-Durham, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC 27705, USA; (J.V.); (E.J.G.); (K.J.S.); (B.C.); (S.H.B.); (C.S.); (J.U.); (J.T.E.); (C.D.W.)
| | - Annjanette Stone
- Pharmacogenomics Analysis Laboratory, Research Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Saiju Pyarajan
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA;
| | - Jimmy T. Efird
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center-Durham, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC 27705, USA; (J.V.); (E.J.G.); (K.J.S.); (B.C.); (S.H.B.); (C.S.); (J.U.); (J.T.E.); (C.D.W.)
| | - Christina D. Williams
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center-Durham, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC 27705, USA; (J.V.); (E.J.G.); (K.J.S.); (B.C.); (S.H.B.); (C.S.); (J.U.); (J.T.E.); (C.D.W.)
| | - Elizabeth R. Hauser
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center-Durham, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC 27705, USA; (J.V.); (E.J.G.); (K.J.S.); (B.C.); (S.H.B.); (C.S.); (J.U.); (J.T.E.); (C.D.W.)
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC 27701, USA
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Endres K. Apolipoprotein A1, the neglected relative of Apolipoprotein E and its potential role in Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2141-2148. [PMID: 33818485 PMCID: PMC8354123 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.310669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoproteins are multi-molecule assemblies with the primary function of transportation and processing of lipophilic substances within aqueous bodily fluids (blood, cerebrospinal fluid). Nevertheless, they also exert other physiological functions such as immune regulation. In particular, neurons are both sensitive to uncontrolled responses of the immune system and highly dependent on a controlled and sufficient supply of lipids. For this reason, the role of certain lipoproteins and their protein-component (apolipoproteins, Apo's) in neurological diseases is perceivable. ApoE, for example, is well-accepted as one of the major risk factors for sporadic Alzheimer's disease with a protective allele variant (ε2) and a risk-causing allele variant (ε4). ApoA1, the major protein component of high-density lipoproteins, is responsible for transportation of excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver. The protein is synthesized in the liver and intestine but also can enter the brain via the choroid plexus and thereby might have an impact on brain lipid homeostasis. This review focuses on the role of ApoA1 in Alzheimer's disease and discusses whether its role within this neurodegenerative disorder is specific or represents a general neuroprotective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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The Role of Nutritional Habits and Moderate Red Wine Consumption in PON1 Status in Healthy Population. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11209503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) plays a role as antioxidant on HDL. Including in diet additionally ingest of polyphenolic compounds can stimulate PON1 transcription and increase its activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary intake, red wine consumption, and PON1 genotypes (Q192R, L55M and C-108T) on the specific activity of PON1 in a healthy population. A descriptive and analytical pilot study was conducted in Mexican volunteers clinically healthy (n = 45) aged from 21–59 years. Over 6 weeks, the study participants ingested 120 mL of red wine per day. PON1 concentration, PON1 activities, genetic polymorphisms and dietary intake were evaluated. The preliminary fingerprinting of the wine was determined to corroborate the presence of phenolic compounds such as tannins and gallotannins. Neither dietary intake nor PON1 genotypes showed an effect on the specific activity of PON1. However, a significant increase in specific AREase activity after red wine consumption period was observed in the study participants. Our data suggest that the moderate consumption of red wine has a beneficial effect on PON1 specific AREase activity in this healthy Mexican population.
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Abdel-Salam OME, El-Shamarka MES, Youness ER, Shaffie N. Inhibition of aluminum chloride-induced amyloid Aβ peptide accumulation and brain neurodegeneration by Bougainvillea spectabilis flower decoction. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:1437-1445. [PMID: 35096303 PMCID: PMC8769510 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.58246.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the potential therapeutic effect of Bougainvillea spectabilis flower decoction on aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced neurotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats received daily intraperitoneal injections of AlCl3 at 10 mg/kg for two months and were treated with B. spectabilis decoction at 50 or 100 mg/kg or saline during the 2nd month of the study. The control group received saline. Brain malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), amyloid Aβ peptide, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity were determined and brain histology was done. Behavioral and neurological testing included Morris water maze (WMZ), Y maze, and wire hanging. RESULTS Compared with saline controls, AlCl3 significantly increased brain MDA and NO along with decreased GSH and PON-1 activity. It also increased AChE, IL-6, and amyloid Aβ concentrations. AlCl3 impaired motor strength and memory performance and caused brain neurodegeneration. B. spectabilis decoction given at 50 or 100 mg/kg protected against the biochemical and histopathological alterations evoked by AlCl3 by alleviating the increase in MDA and NO, and decrease in GSH and PON-1 activity. B. spectabilis decoction showed no significant effect on AChE but markedly decreased IL-6 and amyloid Aβ in the brain of AlCl3-treated rats. It also restored memory performance and motor strength, and protected against AlCl3-induced neurodegeneration. CONCLUSION These results suggest that B. spectabilis flower decoction might prove of value in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar ME Abdel-Salam
- Department of Toxicology and Narcotics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt,Corresponding author: Omar ME Abdel-Salam. Department of Toxicology and Narcotics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt. Tel/ Fax: +202-33370931;
| | | | - Eman R Youness
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermeen Shaffie
- Department of Pathology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Garrick JM, Cole TB, Bammler TK, MacDonald JW, Marsillach J, Furlong CE, Costa LG. Paraoxonase 2 deficiency in mice alters motor behavior and causes region-specific transcript changes in the brain. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 87:107010. [PMID: 34216730 PMCID: PMC8440460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.107010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) is an intracellular antioxidant enzyme shown to play an important role in mitigating oxidative stress in the brain. Oxidative stress is a common mechanism of toxicity for neurotoxicants and is increasingly implicated in the etiology of multiple neurological diseases. While PON2 deficiency increases oxidative stress in the brain in-vitro, little is known about its effects on behavior in-vivo and what global transcript changes occur from PON2 deficiency. We sought to characterize the effects of PON2 deficiency on behavior in mice, with an emphasis on locomotion, and evaluate transcriptional changes with RNA-Seq. Behavioral endpoints included home-cage behavior (Noldus PhenoTyper), motor coordination (Rotarod) and various gait metrics (Noldus CatWalk). Home-cage behavior analysis showed PON2 deficient mice had increased activity at night compared to wildtype controls and spent more time in the center of the cage, displaying a possible anxiolytic phenotype. PON2 deficient mice had significantly shorter latency to fall when tested on the rotarod, suggesting impaired motor coordination. Minimal gait alterations were observed, with decreased girdle support posture noted as the only significant change in gait with PON2 deficiency. Beyond one home-cage metric, no significant sex-based behavioral differences were found in this study. Finally, A subset of samples were utilized for RNA-Seq analysis, looking at three discrete brain regions: cerebral cortex, striatum, and cerebellum. Highly regional- and sex-specific changes in RNA expression were found when comparing PON2 deficient and wildtype mice, suggesting PON2 may play distinct regional roles in the brain in a sex-specific manner. Taken together, these findings demonstrates that PON2 deficiency significantly alters the brain on both a biochemical and phenotypic level, with a specific impact on motor function. These data have implications for future gene-environment toxicological studies and warrants further investigation of the role of PON2 in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Garrick
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States..
| | - Toby B Cole
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.; Center on Human Development and Disabilities, University of Washington, United States
| | - Theo K Bammler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - James W MacDonald
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Judit Marsillach
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Clement E Furlong
- Depts. of Medicine (Div. Medical Genetics) and of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, United States
| | - Lucio G Costa
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.; Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy
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Meisinger C, Freuer D, Bub A, Linseisen J. Association between inflammatory markers and serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities in the general population: a cross-sectional study. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:81. [PMID: 34332593 PMCID: PMC8325814 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01508-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies focused on modulating factors of paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity. In some studies the association between pro-inflammatory markers and PON1 activity was examined, but so far no population-based investigations on this issue have been conducted. The present study investigated the relationships between the pro-inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, leptin, interleukin (IL)-6, and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and paraoxonase and arylesterase, two hydrolytic activities of PON1, in the population-based Bavarian Food Consumption Survey II. Methods Based on 504 participants (217 men, 287 women), the relationship between the pro-inflammatory markers and the outcomes paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were investigated using multivariable linear models. Results Circulating plasma levels of leptin (P-value < 0.0001), hs-CRP (P-value = 0.031) and IL-6 (P-value = 0.045) were significantly non-linearly associated with arylesterase activity. Leptin levels were also significantly associated with paraoxonase activity (P-value = 0.024) independently from confounding factors, including high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. With increasing levels of these inflammatory parameters, arylesterase and paraoxonase activities increased; however, at higher levels (> 75th percentile) the activities reached a plateau or even decreased somewhat. After Bonferroni-Holm correction, only leptin remained non-linearly but significantly associated with arylesterase activity (adjusted overall P-value < 0.0001). Neither age nor sex nor obesity modified the associations. No association was found between TNF-α and paraoxonase or arylesterase activity. Conclusions The present findings suggest that in persons with very high levels of inflammation, PON1 activity may be impaired, a fact that might subsequently be accompanied by a higher risk for cardiometabolic diseases. Whether or not the measurement of PON1 activity in combination with a lipid profile and certain inflammatory markers could improve the prediction of cardiometabolic diseases in middle-aged individuals from the general population should be evaluated in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Meisinger
- Chair of Epidemiology, University of Augsburg, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany. .,Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Dennis Freuer
- Chair of Epidemiology, University of Augsburg, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany.,Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Achim Bub
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max-Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jakob Linseisen
- Chair of Epidemiology, University of Augsburg, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany.,Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
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Ignatieva EV, Osadchuk AV, Kleshchev MA, Bogomolov AG, Osadchuk LV. A Catalog of Human Genes Associated With Pathozoospermia and Functional Characteristics of These Genes. Front Genet 2021; 12:662770. [PMID: 34290736 PMCID: PMC8287579 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.662770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic causes of the global decline in male fertility are among the hot spots of scientific research in reproductive genetics. The most common way to evaluate male fertility in clinical trials is to determine semen quality. Lower semen quality is very often accompanied by subfertility or infertility, occurs in many diseases and can be caused by many factors, including genetic ones. The following forms of lowered semen quality (pathozoospermia) are known: azoospermia, oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, teratozoospermia, and some combined forms. To systematize information about the genetic basis of impaired spermatogenesis, we created a catalog of human genes associated with lowered semen quality (HGAPat) and analyzed their functional characteristics. The catalog comprises data on 126 human genes. Each entry of the catalog describes an association between an allelic variant of the gene and a particular form of lowered semen quality, extracted from the experimental study. Most genes included into the catalog are located on autosomes and are associated with such pathologies as non-obstructive azoospermia, oligozoospermia or asthenozoospermia. Slightly less than half of the included genes (43%) are expressed in the testes in a tissue-specific manner. Functional annotation of genes from the catalog showed that spermatogenic failure can be associated with mutations in genes that control biological processes essential for spermiogenesis (regulating DNA metabolism, cell division, formation of cellular structures, which provide cell movement) as well as with mutations in genes that control cellular responses to unfavorable conditions (stress factors, including oxidative stress and exposure to toxins).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Ignatieva
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Natural Science, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander V Osadchuk
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maxim A Kleshchev
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anton G Bogomolov
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ludmila V Osadchuk
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Xue J, Chi L, Tu P, Lai Y, Liu CW, Ru H, Lu K. Detection of gut microbiota and pathogen produced N-acyl homoserine in host circulation and tissues. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2021; 7:53. [PMID: 34183673 PMCID: PMC8239043 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that quorum-sensing molecules may play a role in gut microbiota-host crosstalk. However, whether microbiota produces quorum-sensing molecules and whether those molecules can trans-kingdom transport to the host are still unknown. Here, we develop a UPLC-MS/MS-based assay to screen the 27 N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) in the gut microbiota and host. Various AHL molecules are exclusively detected in the cecal contents, sera and livers from conventionally-raised mice but cannot be detected in germ-free mice. Pathogen-produced C4-HSL is detected in the cecal contents and sera of Citrobacter rodentium (C. rodentium)-infected mice, but not found in uninfected controls. Moreover, C. rodentium infection significantly increases the level of multiple AHL molecules in sera. Our findings demonstrate that both commensal and pathogenic bacteria, can produce AHLs that can be detected in host bodies, suggesting that quorum-sensing molecules could be a group of signaling molecules in trans-kingdom microbiota-host crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchuan Xue
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Liang Chi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Pengcheng Tu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yunjia Lai
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chih-Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hongyu Ru
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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