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Deng L, Shi C, Li R, Zhang Y, Wang X, Cai G, Hong Q, Chen X. The mechanisms underlying Chinese medicines to treat inflammation in diabetic kidney disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118424. [PMID: 38844252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
ETHNIC PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the main cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which is a public health problem with a significant economic burden. Serious adverse effects, such as hypotension, hyperkalemia, and genitourinary infections, as well as increasing adverse cardiovascular events, limit the clinical application of available drugs. Plenty of randomized controlled trials(RCTs), meta-analysis(MAs) and systematic reviews(SRs) have demonstrated that many therapies that have been used for a long time in medical practice including Chinese patent medicines(CPMs), Chinese medicine prescriptions, and extracts are effective in alleviating DKD, but the mechanisms by which they work are still unknown. Currently, targeting inflammation is a central strategy in DKD drug development. In addition, many experimental studies have identified many Chinese medicine prescriptions, medicinal herbs and extracts that have the potential to alleviate DKD. And part of the mechanisms by which they work have been uncovered. AIM OF THIS REVIEW This review aims to summarize therapies that have been proven effective by RCTs, MAs and SRs, including CPMs, Chinese medicine prescriptions, and extracts. This review also focuses on the efficiency and potential targets of Chinese medicine prescriptions, medicinal herbs and extracts discovered in experimental studies in improving immune inflammation in DKD. METHODS We searched for relevant scientific articles in the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. We summarized effective CPMs, Chinese medicine prescriptions, and extracts from RCTs, MAs and SRs. We elaborated the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms by which Chinese medicine prescriptions, medicinal herbs and extracts alleviate inflammation in DKD according to different experimental studies. RESULTS After overviewing plenty of RCTs with the low hierarchy of evidence and MAs and SRs with strong heterogeneity, we still found that CPMs, Chinese medicine prescriptions, and extracts exerted promising protective effects against DKD. However, there is insufficient evidence to prove the safety of Chinese medicines. As for experimental studies, Experiments in vitro and in vivo jointly demonstrated the efficacy of Chinese medicines(Chinese medicine prescriptions, medicinal herbs and extracts) in DKD treatment. Chinese medicines were able to regulate signaling pathways to improve inflammation in DKD, such as toll-like receptors, NLRP3 inflammasome, Nrf2 signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, JAK-STAT, and AGE/RAGE. CONCLUSION Chinese medicines (Chinese medicine prescriptions, medicinal herbs and extracts) can improve inflammation in DKD. For drugs that are effective in RCTs, the underlying bioactive components or extracts should be identified and isolated. Attention should be given to their safety and pharmacokinetics. Acute, subacute, and subchronic toxicity studies should be designed to determine the magnitude and tolerability of side effects in humans or animals. For drugs that have been proven effective in experimental studies, RCTs should be designed to provide reliable evidence for clinical translation. In a word, Chinese medicines targeting immune inflammation in DKD are a promising direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchen Deng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, P.R. China; Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Chunru Shi
- The College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Run Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, P.R. China; Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China; Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China; Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Guangyan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Quan Hong
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, P.R. China; Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Huyan T, Fan L, Zheng ZY, Zhao JH, Han ZR, Wu P, Ma Q, Du YQ, Shi YD, Gu CY, Li XJ, Wang WH, Zhang L, Tie L. ROCK1 inhibition improves wound healing in diabetes via RIPK4/AMPK pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1477-1491. [PMID: 38538716 PMCID: PMC11192920 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Refractory wounds are a severe complication of diabetes mellitus that often leads to amputation because of the lack of effective treatments and therapeutic targets. The pathogenesis of refractory wounds is complex, involving many types of cells. Rho-associated protein kinase-1 (ROCK1) phosphorylates a series of substrates that trigger downstream signaling pathways, affecting multiple cellular processes, including cell migration, communication, and proliferation. The present study investigated the role of ROCK1 in diabetic wound healing and molecular mechanisms. Our results showed that ROCK1 expression significantly increased in wound granulation tissues in diabetic patients, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice, and db/db diabetic mice. Wound healing and blood perfusion were dose-dependently improved by the ROCK1 inhibitor fasudil in diabetic mice. In endothelial cells, fasudil and ROCK1 siRNA significantly elevated the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase at Thr172 (pThr172-AMPKα), the activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and suppressed the levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) and nitrotyrosine formation. Experiments using integrated bioinformatics analysis and coimmunoprecipitation established that ROCK1 inhibited pThr172-AMPKα by binding to receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase 4 (RIPK4). These results suggest that fasudil accelerated wound repair and improved angiogenesis at least partially through the ROCK1/RIPK4/AMPK pathway. Fasudil may be a potential treatment for refractory wounds in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianru Huyan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Wound Healing Center and Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lu Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jing-Hui Zhao
- Department of Wound Healing Center and Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhen-Ru Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Pin Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qun Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ya-Qin Du
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yun-di Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chun-Yan Gu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xue-Jun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wen-Hui Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Wound Healing Center and Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Lu Tie
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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She Y, Shao CY, Liu YF, Huang Y, Yang J, Wan HT. Catalpol reduced LPS induced BV2 immunoreactivity through NF-κB/NLRP3 pathways: an in Vitro and in silico study. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1415445. [PMID: 38994205 PMCID: PMC11237369 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1415445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Ischemic Stroke (IS) stands as one of the primary cerebrovascular diseases profoundly linked with inflammation. In the context of neuroinflammation, an excessive activation of microglia has been observed. Consequently, regulating microglial activation emerges as a vital target for neuroinflammation treatment. Catalpol (CAT), a natural compound known for its anti-inflammatory properties, holds promise in this regard. However, its potential to modulate neuroinflammatory responses in the brain, especially on microglial cells, requires comprehensive exploration. Methods: In our study, we investigated into the potential anti-inflammatory effects of catalpol using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells as an experimental model. The production of nitric oxide (NO) by LPS-activated BV2 cells was quantified using the Griess reaction. Immunofluorescence was employed to measure glial cell activation markers. RT-qPCR was utilized to assess mRNA levels of various inflammatory markers. Western blot analysis examined protein expression in LPS-activated BV2 cells. NF-κB nuclear localization was detected by immunofluorescent staining. Additionally, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations (MDs) were conducted to explore the binding affinity of catalpol with key targets. Results: Catalpol effectively suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO) induced by LPS and reduced the expression of microglial cell activation markers, including Iba-1. Furthermore, we observed that catalpol downregulated the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β, as well as key molecules involved in the NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB pathway, including NLRP3, NF-κB, caspase-1, and ASC. Our mechanistic investigations shed light on how catalpol operates against neuroinflammation. It was evident that catalpol significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, both of which serve as upstream regulators of the inflammatory cascade. Molecular docking and MDs showed strong binding interactions between catalpol and key targets such as NF-κB, NLRP3, and IL-1β. Conclusion: Our findings support the idea that catalpol holds the potential to alleviate neuroinflammation, and it is achieved by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB, ultimately leading to the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Catalpol emerges as a promising candidate for the treatment of neuroinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong She
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chong-yu Shao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan-feng Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiehong Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hai-tong Wan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Zhou TY, Tian N, Li L, Yu R. Iridoids modulate inflammation in diabetic kidney disease: A review. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024; 22:210-222. [PMID: 38631983 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, preclinical research on diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has surged to the forefront of scientific and clinical attention. DKD has become a pervasive complication of type 2 diabetes. Given the complexity of its etiology and pathological mechanisms, current interventions, including drugs, dietary modifications, exercise, hypoglycemic treatments and lipid-lowering methods, often fall short in achieving desired therapeutic outcomes. Iridoids, primarily derived from the potent components of traditional herbs, have been the subject of long-standing research. Preclinical data suggest that iridoids possess notable renal protective properties; however, there has been no summary of the research on their efficacy in the management and treatment of DKD. This article consolidates findings from in vivo and in vitro research on iridoids in the context of DKD and highlights their shared anti-inflammatory activities in treating this condition. Additionally, it explores how certain iridoid components modify their chemical structures through the regulation of intestinal flora, potentially bolstering their therapeutic effects. This review provides a focused examination of the mechanisms through which iridoids may prevent or treat DKD, offering valuable insights for future research endeavors. Please cite this article as: Zhou TY, Tian N, Li L, Yu R. Iridoids modulate inflammation in diabetic kidney disease: A review. J Integr Med. 2024; 22(3): 210-222.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Yi Zhou
- The First Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Na Tian
- The First Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Liu Li
- The First Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Rong Yu
- The First Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescriptions and Zheng, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China.
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Liang D, Liu L, Qi Y, Nan F, Huang J, Tang S, Tang J, Chen N. Jin-Gui-Shen-Qi Wan alleviates fibrosis in mouse diabetic nephropathy via MHC class II. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 324:117745. [PMID: 38228231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Jin-Gui-Shen-Qi Wan (JGSQW) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula that has been traditionally used to alleviate urinary system ailments such as frequent urination and polyuria. Clinical studies have indicated that when combined with hypoglycaemic drugs, JGSQW exhibits a synergistic effect and can improve diabetic nephropathy (DN), yet its underlying mechanism and targets remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of JGSQW and its underlying mechanisms using a DN db/db mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was utilized to analyse the primary active compounds, blood levels, and pharmacokinetics of JGSQW. Additionally, the therapeutic effects of JGSQW and metformin on blood glucose levels, lipid levels, renal function, and renal pathology in diabetic nephropathy mice were investigated using a db/db mouse model. Proteomic analysis was carried out to identify the primary target of JGSQW in treating DN. The mechanism of action was verified by western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. Then, molecular docking and molecular dynamics, transfection, drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) assay and cell thermal migration assay (CETSA) further validated the targeted binding effect. RESULTS JGSQW combined with metformin significantly improved the blood glucose levels, blood lipids, renal function, and renal pathology of DN mice. JGSQW mainly exerted its therapeutic effect on DN by targeting major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II) molecules. Immunohistochemistry results showed that JGSQW inhibited the expression of collagen I, fibronectin, and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression. Immunofluorescence and Western blot results showed that JGSQW inhibited the expression of H2-Ab1 and H2-Aa, which are MHC class II molecules, thereby suppressing CD4+ T-cell infiltration and improving diabetic kidney fibrosis. The binding ability of paeoniflorin to H2-Aa was predicted and verified by molecular, DARTS, and CETSA assays. Treatment with 80 μM paeoniflorin effectively alleviated high glucose-induced injury in the MPC-5 injury model. H2-Aa was overexpressed at this model concentration, and Western blotting further confirmed that paeoniflorin reduced glomerular podocyte fibrosis by regulating H2-Aa. CONCLUSIONS JGSQW combined with metformin may have a synergistic effect to alleviates renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy by downregulating immune complex MHC class II molecules and attenuating the antigen presentation effect of MHC class II on CD4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Lu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yulin Qi
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Feng Nan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Ju Huang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Shiyun Tang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Nianzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Ding W, Yang X, Lai K, Jiang Y, Liu Y. The potential of therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial biogenesis for the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Pharm Res 2024; 47:219-248. [PMID: 38485900 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-024-01490-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a persistent metabolic disorder marked by deficiencies in insulin secretion and/or function, affecting various tissues and organs and leading to numerous complications. Mitochondrial biogenesis, the process by which cells generate new mitochondria utilizing existing ones plays a crucial role in energy homeostasis, glucose metabolism, and lipid handling. Recent evidence suggests that promoting mitochondrial biogenesis can alleviate insulin resistance in the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle while improving pancreatic β-cell function. Moreover, enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis has been shown to ameliorate T2DM symptoms and may contribute to therapeutic effects for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. This review summarizes the intricate connection between mitochondrial biogenesis and T2DM, highlighting the potential of novel therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial biogenesis for T2DM treatment and its associated complications. It also discusses several natural products that exhibit beneficial effects on T2DM by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xiaoxue Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Kaiyi Lai
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
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Akhter A, Alouffi S, Shahab U, Akasha R, Fazal-Ur-Rehman M, Ghoniem ME, Ahmad N, Kaur K, Pandey RP, Alshammari A, Akhter F, Ahmad S. Vitamin D supplementation modulates glycated hemoglobin (HBA1c) in diabetes mellitus. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 753:109911. [PMID: 38280562 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic illness that increases protein glycosylation in hyperglycemic conditions, which can have an impact on almost every organ system in the body. The role of vitamin D in the etiology of diabetes under RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products) stress has recently received some attention on a global scale. Vitamin D's other skeletal benefits have generated a great deal of research. Vitamin D's function in the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes is supported by the discovery of 1,25 (OH)2D3 and 1-Alpha-Hydroylase expression in immune cells, pancreatic beta cells, and several other organs besides the bone system. A lower HBA1c level, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus all seems to be associated with vitamin D insufficiency. Most of the cross-sectional and prospective observational studies that were used to gather human evidence revealed an inverse relationship between vitamin D level and the prevalence or incidence of elevated HBA1c in type 2 diabetes. Several trials have reported on the impact of vitamin D supplementation for glycemia or incidence of type 2 diabetes, with varying degrees of success. The current paper examines the available data for a relationship between vitamin D supplementation and HBA1c level in diabetes and discusses the biological plausibility of such a relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Akhter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11790, United States.
| | - Sultan Alouffi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, 2440, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Uzma Shahab
- Department of Biochemistry, King George Medical University, Lucknow, U.P., India.
| | - Rihab Akasha
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, 2440, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Mohamed E Ghoniem
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Hail, 2440, Saudi Arabia; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Naved Ahmad
- Department of Computer Science and Information System, College of Applied Sciences, AlMaarefa University, P.O.Box 71666, Riyadh, 13713, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Kirtanjot Kaur
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Ramendra Pati Pandey
- School of Health Sciences and Technology (SOHST), UPES, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Ahmed Alshammari
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Firoz Akhter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11790, United States.
| | - Saheem Ahmad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, 2440, Saudi Arabia.
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Wang H, Liu H, Cheng H, Xue X, Ge Y, Wang X, Yuan J. Klotho Stabilizes the Podocyte Actin Cytoskeleton in Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy through Regulating the TRPC6/CatL Pathway. Am J Nephrol 2024; 55:345-360. [PMID: 38330925 DOI: 10.1159/000537732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to explore the renoprotective effects of Klotho on podocyte injury mediated by complement activation and autoantibodies in idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN). METHODS Rat passive Heymann nephritis (PHN) was induced as an IMN model. Urine protein levels, serum biochemistry, kidney histology, and podocyte marker levels were assessed. In vitro, sublytic podocyte injury was induced by C5b-9. The expression of Klotho, transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6), and cathepsin L (CatL); its substrate synaptopodin; and the intracellular Ca2+ concentration were detected via immunofluorescence. RhoA/ROCK pathway activity was measured by an activity quantitative detection kit, and the protein expression of phosphorylated-LIMK1 (p-LIMK1) and p-cofilin in podocytes was detected via Western blotting. Klotho knockdown and overexpression were performed to evaluate its role in regulating the TRPC6/CatL pathway. RESULTS PHN rats exhibited proteinuria, podocyte foot process effacement, decreased Klotho and Synaptopodin levels, and increased TRPC6 and CatL expression. The RhoA/ROCK pathway was activated by the increased phosphorylation of LIMK1 and cofilin. Similar changes were observed in C5b-9-injured podocytes. Klotho knockdown exacerbated podocyte injury, while Klotho overexpression partially ameliorated podocyte injury. CONCLUSION Klotho may protect against podocyte injury in IMN patients by inhibiting the TRPC6/CatL pathway. Klotho is a potential target for reducing proteinuria in IMN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Wang
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue Xue
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yamei Ge
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Yuan
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Zhang M, Huang C, Ou J, Liu F, Ou S, Zheng J. Glyoxal in Foods: Formation, Metabolism, Health Hazards, and Its Control Strategies. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2434-2450. [PMID: 38284798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Glyoxal is a highly reactive aldehyde widely present in common diet and environment and inevitably generated through various metabolic pathways in vivo. Glyoxal is easily produced in diets high in carbohydrates and fats via the Maillard reaction, carbohydrate autoxidation, and lipid peroxidation, etc. This leads to dietary intake being a major source of exogenous exposure. Exposure to glyoxal has been positively associated with a number of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. It has been demonstrated that polyphenols, probiotics, hydrocolloids, and amino acids can reduce the content of glyoxal in foods via different mechanisms, thus reducing the risk of exogenous exposure to glyoxal and alleviating carbonyl stresses in the human body. This review discussed the formation and metabolism of glyoxal, its health hazards, and the strategies to reduce such health hazards. Future investigation of glyoxal from different perspectives is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mianzhang Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Caihuan Huang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Juanying Ou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Fu Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Shiyi Ou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong China
- Guangzhou College of Technology and Business, 510580 Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, Guangdong China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Innovation Platform for the Safety of Bakery Products, 510632 Guangzhou , China
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Bartkowiak-Wieczorek J, Mądry E. Natural Products and Health. Nutrients 2024; 16:415. [PMID: 38337699 PMCID: PMC10856951 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A natural product is an organic compound from a living organism that can be isolated from natural sources or synthesized [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bartkowiak-Wieczorek
- Physiology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6, Święcickiego Street, 60-781 Poznan, Poland;
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11
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Wang X, Liu M, Li X, Zhang M, Xu F, Liu H, Wu H. Utilizing molecular docking and cell validation to explore the potential mechanisms of lupenone attenuating the inflammatory response via NF-κB pathway. Sci Rep 2024; 14:625. [PMID: 38182871 PMCID: PMC10770388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a common microvascular complicating disease of diabetes. Lupenone, a pentacyclic triterpenoid, has anti-inflammatory effects and can prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus and treat renal damage, however, the effects and mechanisms of lupenone in DN remain unclear. Thereby,the MTT method was used to investigate the antiproliferative effect of lupenoneon the cell line rat glomerular mesangial cells (HBZY-1). Molecular docking was used to investigate the combination of lupenone and MCP-1, IL-1β, TNF-α, IKKβ, IκBα, and NF-κB p65 proteins. The expression of mRNA of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (MCP-1, IL-1β and TNF-α) and the NF-κB signalling pathway in HBZY-1 cells were assessed by RT-PCR. The protein expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB pathway were got by Western blot. Result showed that lupenone inhibited the proliferative activity of HBZY-1 cells at non-cytotoxic concentrations. Molecular docking results showed that lupenone combined well with the target proteins. Moreover, lupenone could significantly reduced the mRNA and protein expressions for pro-inflammatory cytokines and IKKβ, p-p65 and p-IκBα. Lupenone may play an anti-inflammatory role in DN treatment by inhibiting the NF-κB signalling pathway. These results provided a new understanding of the pharmacological mechanisms of lupenone in treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangpei Wang
- School of Chinese Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang City, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang City, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofen Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang City, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang City, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang City, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Hongyun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang City, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang City, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Jiang P, Yao C, Guo DA. Traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of immune-related nephropathy: A review. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:38-66. [PMID: 38239236 PMCID: PMC10793104 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune-related nephropathy (IRN) refers to immune-response-mediated glomerulonephritis and is the main cause of end-stage renal failure. The pathogenesis of IRN is not fully understood; therefore, treatment is challenging. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have potent clinical effects in the treatment of the IRN conditions immunoglobulin A nephropathy, lupus nephropathy, and diabetic nephropathy. The underlying mechanisms mainly include its inhibition of inflammation; improvements to renal interstitial fibrosis, oxidative stress, autophagy, apoptosis; and regulation of immunity. In this review, we summarize the clinical symptoms of the three IRN subtypes and the use of TCM prescriptions, herbs, and bioactive compounds in treating IRN, as well as the potential mechanisms, intending to provide a reference for the future study of TCM as IRN treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Changliang Yao
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - De-an Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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13
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Shu H, Zhang Z, Liu J, Chen P, Yang C, Wu Y, Wu D, Cao Y, Chu Y, Li L. Circular RNAs: An emerging precise weapon for diabetic nephropathy diagnosis and therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115818. [PMID: 37939612 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a prevalent chronic microvascular complication associated with diabetes mellitus and represents a major cause of chronic kidney disease and renal failure. Current treatment strategies for DN primarily focus on symptom alleviation, lacking effective approaches to halt or reverse DN progression. Circular RNA (circRNA), characterized by a closed-loop structure, has emerged as a novel non-coding RNA regulator of gene expression, attributed to its conservation, stability, specificity, and multifunctionality. Dysregulation of circRNA expression is closely associated with DN progression, whereby circRNA impacts kidney cell injury by modulating cell cycle, differentiation, cell death, as well as influencing the release of inflammatory factors and stromal fibronectin expression. Consequently, circRNA is considered a predictive biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for DN. This review provides an overview of the latest research progress in the classification, functions, monitoring methods, and databases related to circRNA. The paper focuses on elucidating the impact and underlying mechanisms of circRNA on kidney cells under diabetic conditions, aiming to offer novel insights into the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Shu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China; College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China; School of First Clinical Medical College, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Jieting Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China.
| | - Peijian Chen
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China; College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Can Yang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China; College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China; College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China; College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Yanan Cao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China; College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Yanhui Chu
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China.
| | - Luxin Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China; College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China.
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14
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Han L, Wang S, Li J, Zhao L, Zhou H. Urinary exosomes from patients with diabetic kidney disease induced podocyte apoptosis via microRNA-145-5p/Srgap2 and the RhoA/ROCK pathway. Exp Mol Pathol 2023; 134:104877. [PMID: 37952894 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2023.104877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease without early diagnostic and specific therapeutic approaches. Podocyte apoptosis and loss play important roles in the pathological process of DKD. This study aimed to explore whether urinary exosomes from type 2 diabetes patients with DKD could induce podocyte apoptosis and the underlying pathological mechanisms. The exosomes were isolated from the urine samples of patients with DKD (DKD-Exo). Later, they were taken up and internalized by MPC5 cells. MPC5 cells were co-cultured with DKD-Exo (45 μg/ml) for 24 h in the presence or absence of microRNA-145-5p (miR-145-5p) inhibitor, fasudil and pcDNA-Srgap2 transfection. MiR-145-5p and Srgap2 expression was evaluated using real-time quantitative PCR. The protein levels of Srgap2, Bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3, as well as ROCK activity were determined using Western blotting. Cell apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry and the TUNEL assay. miR-145-5p expression in MPC5 cells exposed to DKD-Exo was markedly upregulated. miR-145-5p negatively regulated Srgap2 levels. Exposure of MPC5 cells to DKD-Exo reduced Srgap2 expression and activated ROCK, which was partly reversed by the presence of the miR-145-5p inhibitor or Srgap2 overexpression. The apoptosis of MPC5 cells exposed to DKD-Exo increased significantly, which was counteracted by the addition of the miR-145-5p inhibitor and fasudil. The results showed that urinary exosomal miR-145-5p from patients with DKD induced podocyte apoptosis by inhibiting Srgap2 and activating the RhoA/ROCK pathway, suggesting that urinary exosomal miR-145-5p is involved in the pathological process of DKD and could become a noninvasive diagnostic biomarker for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Han
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China; Department of Endocrinology, the First Central Hospital of Baoding, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Shenghai Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Lulu Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
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15
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Jia J, Chen J, Wang G, Li M, Zheng Q, Li D. Progress of research into the pharmacological effect and clinical application of the traditional Chinese medicine Rehmanniae Radix. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115809. [PMID: 37907043 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Rehmanniae Radix (RR) refers to the fresh or dried root tuber of the plant Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch of the family Scrophulariaceae. As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), it possesses multiple effects, including analgesia, sedation, anti-inflammation, antioxidation, anti-tumor, immunomodulation, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular regulation, and nerve damage repair, and it has been widely used in clinical practice. In recent years, scientists have extensively studied the active components and pharmacological effects of RR. Active ingredients mainly include iridoid glycosides (such as catalpol and aucuboside), phenylpropanoid glycosides (such as acteoside), other saccharides, and unsaturated fatty acids. In addition, the Chinese patent medicine (CPM) and Chinese decoction related to RR have also become major research subjects for TCM practitioners; one example is the Bolus of Six Drugs, which includes Rehmannia, Lily Bulb and Rehmannia Decoction, and Siwu Decoction. This article reviews recent literature on RR; summarizes the studies on its chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, and clinical applications; and analyzes the progress and limitations of current investigations to provide reference for further exploration and development of RR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhao Jia
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jianfei Chen
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Guoli Wang
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Minjing Li
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Qiusheng Zheng
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003 Xinjiang, PR China.
| | - Defang Li
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003 Xinjiang, PR China.
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16
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Liu J, Liu S, Yu M, Li J, Xie Z, Gao B, Liu Y. Anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of catalpol in various inflammatory diseases. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:1376-1394. [PMID: 37534768 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Catalpol is a kind of iridoid glucoside, widely found in a variety of plants, mostly extracted from the rhizome of the traditional medicinal herb rehmanniae. It has various biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor. The anti-inflammatory effects of catalpol have been demonstrated in a variety of diseases, such as neurological diseases, atherosclerosis, renal diseases, respiratory diseases, digestive diseases, bone and joint diseases, eye diseases, and periodontitis. The purpose of this review is to summarize the existing literature on the anti-inflammatory effects of catalpol in a variety of inflammatory diseases over the last decade and to focus on the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of catalpol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyao Liu
- Department of Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingyue Yu
- Department of Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianing Li
- Department of Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zunxuan Xie
- Department of Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Boyang Gao
- Department of Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuyan Liu
- Department of Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Patidar K, Versypt ANF. Logic-Based Modeling of Inflammatory Macrophage Crosstalk with Glomerular Endothelial Cells in Diabetic Kidney Disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.04.535594. [PMID: 37066138 PMCID: PMC10104015 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.04.535594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease is a complication in 1 out of 3 patients with diabetes. Aberrant glucose metabolism in diabetes leads to an immune response causing inflammation and to structural and functional damage in the glomerular cells of the kidney. Complex cellular signaling lies at the core of metabolic and functional derangement. Unfortunately, the mechanism underlying the role of inflammation in glomerular endothelial cell dysfunction during diabetic kidney disease is not fully understood. Computational models in systems biology allow the integration of experimental evidence and cellular signaling networks to understand mechanisms involved in disease progression. We built a logic-based ordinary differential equations model to study macrophage-dependent inflammation in glomerular endothelial cells during diabetic kidney disease progression. We studied the crosstalk between macrophages and glomerular endothelial cells in the kidney using a protein signaling network stimulated with glucose and lipopolysaccharide. The network and model were built using the open-source software package Netflux. This modeling approach overcomes the complexity of studying network models and the need for extensive mechanistic details. The model simulations were fitted and validated against available biochemical data from in vitro experiments. The model identified mechanisms responsible for dysregulated signaling in macrophages and glomerular endothelial cells during diabetic kidney disease. In addition, we investigated the influence of signaling interactions and species that on glomerular endothelial cell morphology through selective knockdown and downregulation. We found that partial knockdown of VEGF receptor 1, PLC-γ, adherens junction proteins, and calcium partially recovered the endothelial cell fenestration size. Our model findings contribute to understanding signaling and molecular perturbations that affect the glomerular endothelial cells in the early stage of diabetic kidney disease.
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Zhang Z, Dai Y, Xiao Y, Liu Q. Protective effects of catalpol on cardio-cerebrovascular diseases: A comprehensive review. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:1089-1101. [PMID: 38024856 PMCID: PMC10657971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalpol, an iridoid glucoside isolated from Rehmannia glutinosa, has gained attention due to its potential use in treating cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs). This extensive review delves into recent studies on catalpol's protective properties in relation to various CVDs, such as atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia, infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure. The review also explores the compound's anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic characteristics, emphasizing the role of vital signaling pathways, including PGC-1α/TERT, PI3K/Akt, AMPK, Nrf2/HO-1, estrogen receptor (ER), Nox4/NF-κB, and GRP78/PERK. The article discusses emerging findings on catalpol's ability to alleviate diabetic cardiovascular complications, thrombosis, and other cardiovascular-related conditions. Although clinical studies specifically addressing catalpol's impact on CVDs are scarce, the compound's established safety and well-tolerated nature suggest that it could be a valuable treatment alternative for CVD patients. Further investigation into catalpol and related iridoid derivatives may unveil new opportunities for devising natural and efficacious CVD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixi Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yongguo Dai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yichao Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Qiming Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
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Xue J, Zhang Z, Sun Y, Jin D, Guo L, Li X, Zhao D, Feng X, Qi W, Zhu H. Research Progress and Molecular Mechanisms of Endothelial Cells Inflammation in Vascular-Related Diseases. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:3593-3617. [PMID: 37641702 PMCID: PMC10460614 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s418166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are widely distributed inside the vascular network, forming a vital barrier between the bloodstream and the walls of blood vessels. These versatile cells serve myriad functions, including the regulation of vascular tension and the management of hemostasis and thrombosis. Inflammation constitutes a cascade of biological responses incited by biological, chemical, or physical stimuli. While inflammation is inherently a protective mechanism, dysregulated inflammation can precipitate a host of vascular pathologies. ECs play a critical role in the genesis and progression of vascular inflammation, which has been implicated in the etiology of numerous vascular disorders, such as atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, diabetes mellitus, and sepsis. Upon activation, ECs secrete potent inflammatory mediators that elicit both innate and adaptive immune reactions, culminating in inflammation. To date, no comprehensive and nuanced account of the research progress concerning ECs and inflammation in vascular-related maladies exists. Consequently, this review endeavors to synthesize the contributions of ECs to inflammatory processes, delineate the molecular signaling pathways involved in regulation, and categorize and consolidate the various models and treatment strategies for vascular-related diseases. It is our aspiration that this review furnishes cogent experimental evidence supporting the established link between endothelial inflammation and vascular-related pathologies, offers a theoretical foundation for clinical investigations, and imparts valuable insights for the development of therapeutic agents targeting these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Xue
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuting Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Jin
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liming Guo
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Feng
- Department of Nephropathy and Rheumatology in Children, Children’s Medical Center, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenxiu Qi
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoyu Zhu
- Department of Nephropathy and Rheumatology in Children, Children’s Medical Center, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
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20
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Fu Z, Su X, Zhou Q, Feng H, Ding R, Ye H. Protective effects and possible mechanisms of catalpol against diabetic nephropathy in animal models: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1192694. [PMID: 37621314 PMCID: PMC10446169 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1192694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim of the Study: Rehmannia glutinosa is a core Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of diabetes and diabetic nephropathy (DN). It has been used for the treatment of diabetes for over 1,000 years. Catalpol is the main active compound in Rehmannia roots. Current evidence suggests that catalpol exhibits significant anti-diabetic bioactivity, and thus it has attracted increasing research attention for its potential use in treating DN. However, no studies have systematically evaluated these effects, and its mechanism of action remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of catalpol on DN, as well as to summarize its possible mechanisms of action, in DN animal models. Materials and Methods: We included all DN-related animal studies with catalpol intervention. These studies were retrieved by searching eight databases from their dates of inception to July 2022. In addition, we evaluated the methodological quality of the included studies using the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) risk-of-bias tool. Furthermore, we calculated the weighted standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) using the Review Manager 5.3 software and evaluated publication bias using the Stata (12.0) software. A total of 100 studies were retrieved, of which 12 that included 231 animals were finally included in this review. Results: As compared to the control treatment, treatment with catalpol significantly improved renal function in DN animal models by restoring serum creatinine (Scr) (p = 0.0009) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (p < 0.00001) levels, reducing proteinuria (p < 0.00001) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) (p < 0.0001), improving kidney indices (p < 0.0001), and alleviating renal pathological changes in the animal models. In addition, it may elicit its effects by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, improving podocyte apoptosis, regulating lipid metabolism, delaying renal fibrosis, and enhancing autophagy. Conclusion: The preliminary findings of this preclinical systematic review suggest that catalpol elicits significant protective effects against hyperglycemia-induced kidney injury. However, more high-quality studies need to be carried out in the future to overcome the methodological shortcomings identified in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmei Fu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaojuan Su
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoyue Feng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hejiang Ye
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Clarke DM, Curtis KL, Wendt RA, Stapley BM, Clark ET, Beckett N, Campbell KM, Arroyo JA, Reynolds PR. Decreased Expression of Pulmonary Homeobox NKX2.1 and Surfactant Protein C in Developing Lungs That Over-Express Receptors for Advanced Glycation End-Products (RAGE). J Dev Biol 2023; 11:33. [PMID: 37489334 PMCID: PMC10366714 DOI: 10.3390/jdb11030033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptors for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) are multi-ligand cell surface receptors of the immunoglobin superfamily prominently expressed by lung epithelium. Previous experiments demonstrated that over-expression of RAGE by murine alveolar epithelium throughout embryonic development causes neonatal lethality coincident with significant lung hypoplasia. In the current study, we evaluated the expression of NKX2.1 (also referred to as TTF-1), a homeodomain-containing transcription factor critical for branching morphogenesis, in mice that differentially expressed RAGE. We also contextualized NKX2.1 expression with the abundance of FoxA2, a winged double helix DNA binding protein that influences respiratory epithelial cell differentiation and surfactant protein expression. Conditional RAGE over-expression was induced in mouse lung throughout gestation (embryonic day E0-18.5), as well as during the critical saccular period of development (E15.5-18.5), and analyses were conducted at E18.5. Histology revealed markedly less lung parenchyma beginning in the canalicular stage of lung development and continuing throughout the saccular period. We discovered consistently decreased expression of both NKX2.1 and FoxA2 in lungs from transgenic (TG) mice compared to littermate controls. We also observed diminished surfactant protein C in TG mice, suggesting possible hindered differentiation and/or proliferation of alveolar epithelial cells under the genetic control of these two critical transcription factors. These results demonstrate that RAGE must be specifically regulated during lung formation. Perturbation of epithelial cell differentiation culminating in respiratory distress and perinatal lethality may coincide with elevated RAGE expression in the lung parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul R. Reynolds
- Lung and Placenta Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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Liang Y, Liang Z, Huang J, Jia M, Liu D, Zhang P, Fang Z, Hu X, Li H. Identification and validation of aging-related gene signatures and their immune landscape in diabetic nephropathy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1158166. [PMID: 37404805 PMCID: PMC10316791 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1158166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aging and immune infiltration have essential role in the physiopathological mechanisms of diabetic nephropathy (DN), but their relationship has not been systematically elucidated. We identified aging-related characteristic genes in DN and explored their immune landscape. Methods Four datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were screened for exploration and validation. Functional and pathway analysis was performed using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Characteristic genes were obtained using a combination of Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE) algorithm. We evaluated and validated the diagnostic performance of the characteristic genes using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the expression pattern of the characteristic genes was evaluated and validated. Single-Sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) was adopted to assess immune cell infiltration in samples. Based on the TarBase database and the JASPAR repository, potential microRNAs and transcription factors were predicted to further elucidate the molecular regulatory mechanisms of the characteristic genes. Results A total of 14 differentially expressed genes related to aging were obtained, of which 10 were up-regulated and 4 were down-regulated. Models were constructed by the RF and SVM-RFE algorithms, contracted to three signature genes: EGF-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix (EFEMP1), Growth hormone receptor (GHR), and Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). The three genes showed good efficacy in three tested cohorts and consistent expression patterns in the glomerular test cohorts. Most immune cells were more infiltrated in the DN samples compared to the controls, and there was a negative correlation between the characteristic genes and most immune cell infiltration. 24 microRNAs were involved in the transcriptional regulation of multiple genes simultaneously, and Endothelial transcription factor GATA-2 (GATA2) had a potential regulatory effect on both GHR and VEGFA. Conclusion We identified a novel aging-related signature allowing assessment of diagnosis for DN patients, and further can be used to predict immune infiltration sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Liang
- Graduate School of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiyi Liang
- Graduate School of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Jinxian Huang
- Graduate School of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingjie Jia
- Graduate School of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Deliang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pengxiang Zhang
- Graduate School of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zebin Fang
- Graduate School of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyu Hu
- Graduate School of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huilin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Hashemi M, Zandieh MA, Ziaolhagh S, Mojtabavi S, Sadi FH, Koohpar ZK, Ghanbarirad M, Haghighatfard A, Behroozaghdam M, Khorrami R, Nabavi N, Ren J, Reiter RJ, Salimimoghadam S, Rashidi M, Hushmandi K, Taheriazam A, Entezari M. Nrf2 signaling in diabetic nephropathy, cardiomyopathy and neuropathy: Therapeutic targeting, challenges and future prospective. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166714. [PMID: 37028606 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Western lifestyle contributes to an overt increase in the prevalence of metabolic anomalies including diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity. Prevalence of DM is rapidly growing worldwide, affecting many individuals in both developing and developed countries. DM is correlated with the onset and development of complications with diabetic nephropathy (DN), diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) and diabetic neuropathy being the most devastating pathological events. On the other hand, Nrf2 is a regulator for redox balance in cells and accounts for activation of antioxidant enzymes. Dysregulation of Nrf2 signaling has been shown in various human diseases such as DM. This review focuses on the role Nrf2 signaling in major diabetic complications and targeting Nrf2 for treatment of this disease. These three complications share similarities including the presence of oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis. Onset and development of fibrosis impairs organ function, while oxidative stress and inflammation can evoke damage to cells. Activation of Nrf2 signaling significantly dampens inflammation and oxidative damage, and is beneficial in retarding interstitial fibrosis in diabetic complications. SIRT1 and AMPK are among the predominant pathways to upregulate Nrf2 expression in the amelioration of DN, DC and diabetic neuropathy. Moreover, certain therapeutic agents such as resveratrol and curcumin, among others, have been employed in promoting Nrf2 expression to upregulate HO-1 and other antioxidant enzymes in the combat of oxidative stress in the face of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Arad Zandieh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setayesh Ziaolhagh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarah Mojtabavi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zeinab Khazaei Koohpar
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghanbarirad
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arvin Haghighatfard
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Behroozaghdam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Khorrami
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6 Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jun Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 77030, United States
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4815733971, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4815733971, Iran.
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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24
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Rather IA, Khan N, Kushwah AS, Surampalli G, Kumar M. Nephroprotective effects of honokiol in a high-fat diet-streptozotocin rat model of diabetic nephropathy. Life Sci 2023; 320:121543. [PMID: 36871934 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the foremost basis of end-stage kidney failure implicating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and dysregulation of Rho kinase/Rock pathway. Magnolia plants are used in traditional medicine systems in Southeast Asia owing to bioactive phytoconstituents. Earlier, honokiol (Hon) exhibited therapeutic potential in experimental models of metabolic, renal, and brain disorders. In the present study, we evaluated potential of Hon against DN and possible molecular mechanisms. MAIN METHODS In the existing experiments, high-fat diet (HFD) (17 weeks) and streptozotocin (STZ) (40 mg/kg once) induced DN rats were orally treated with Hon (25, 50, 100 mg/kg) or metformin (150 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. KEY FINDINGS Hon attenuated albuminuria, blood biomarkers (e.g., urea nitrogen, glucose, C-reactive protein, and creatinine) and ameliorated lipid profile, electrolytes levels (Na+/K+), and creatinine clearance against DN. Hon significantly decreased renal oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers against DN. Histomorphometry and microscopic analysis revealed nephroprotective effects of Hon marked by a decrease in leukocyte infiltration, renal tissue damage, and urine sediments. RT-qPCR showed that Hon treatment attenuated mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), endothelin-1 (ET-1), ER stress markers (GRP78, CHOP, ATF4, and TRB3), and Rock 1/2 in DN rats. Data from ELISA supported a decrease in levels of TGF-β1, ET-1, ER stress markers, and Rock1/2 by Hon. SIGNIFICANCE Hon attenuated hyperglycemia, redox imbalance, and inflammation and improved renal functions in rats. Hon alleviates DN pathogenesis possibly by attenuating ER stress and Rock pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq Ahmad Rather
- Department of Pharmacology, Swift School of Pharmacy, Rajpura, Patiala, Punjab, India.
| | - Nadeem Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Swift School of Pharmacy, Rajpura, Patiala, Punjab, India.
| | - Ajay Singh Kushwah
- Department of Pharmacology, Amar Shaheed Baba Ajit Singh Jujhar Singh Memorial College of Pharmacy, Ropar, Punjab, India.
| | | | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Swift School of Pharmacy, Rajpura, Patiala, Punjab, India; Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
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25
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You Y, Zhu K, Wang J, Liang Q, Li W, Wang L, Guo B, Zhou J, Feng X, Shi J. ROCK inhibitor: Focus on recent updates. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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26
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Patrinoside and Patrinoside A from Patrinia scabiosaefolia Improve Insulin Resistance by Inhibiting NF- κB, MAPK Pathways and Oxidative Stress in RAW264.7 and 3 T3-L1 Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:9069645. [PMID: 36733419 PMCID: PMC9889156 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9069645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Patrinia scabiosaefolia, as traditional food and medicine plant, was used to treat appendicitis, enteritis, and hepatitis for thousand years in China. Patrinoside and patrinoside A isolated from P. scabiosaefolia could significantly improve insulin resistance (IR) by activating PI-3 K/AKT signaling pathway in our previous study. Since IR is closely related to inflammation, their anti-inflammatory activities in RAW264.7 inflammatory model induced by LPS and in 3 T3-L1 IR inflammatory model induced by TNF-α were evaluated to identify whether the effects on improving IR related to anti-inflammatory activity. In RAW264.7 cells, patrinoside and patrinoside A significantly inhibited the transcription and secretion of inflammatory mediators NO, TNF-α, and IL-6. Western blot analysis showed that the significant inhibition of phosphorylation of IκB and P65 and P38, ERK and JNK suggested that the effects were exerted through NF-κB pathway and MAPK pathway. In 3 T3-L1 cells, patrinoside and patrinoside A also inhibited the activation of NF-κB and MAPK pathways through inhibiting the transcriptions of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and chemokines MCP-1 and MIP-1α. These events resulted in the inhibition of macrophages migration to adipocytes. In addition, patrinoside and patrinoside A ameliorated oxidative stress by inhibiting ROS release in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In conclusion, patrinoside and patrinoside A could active PI-3 K/AKT pathway, inhibit NF-κB pathway, MAPK pathway, and improve oxidative stress, which showed multipathways on improving IR. These results provided the scientific basis for material basis and mechanism on improving IR of P. scabiosaefolia.
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27
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Catalpol Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation via Mechanisms Involving Sirtuin-1 Activation and NF-κB Inhibition in Experimentally-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15010237. [PMID: 36615896 PMCID: PMC9824177 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a stealthy disease, and its development is linked to mechanisms including inflammation and oxidative stress. Catalpol (CAT), an iridoid glucoside from the root of Rehmannia glutinosa, is reported to manifest anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiapoptotic and antifibrotic properties. Hence, we studied the possible nephroprotective effects of CAT and its mechanisms in an adenine-induced (0.2% w/w in feed for 4 weeks) murine model of CKD by administering 5 mg/kg CAT to BALB/c mice for the duration of 4 weeks except during weekends. Upon sacrifice, the kidney, plasma and urine were collected and various physiological, biochemical and histological endpoints were assessed. CAT significantly ameliorated the adenine-induced altered body and kidney weight, water intake, urine volume, and concentrations of urea and creatinine in plasma, as well as the creatinine clearance and the albumin and creatinine ratio. Moreover, CAT significantly ameliorated the effect of adenine-induced kidney injury by reducing the kidney injury molecule-1, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, cystatin C and adiponectin. Similarly, the augmented concentrations of markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in the adenine-treated group were markedly reduced with CAT pretreatment. Furthermore, CAT prevented adenine-induced deoxyribonucleic acid damage and apoptotic activity in the kidneys. Histologically, CAT significantly reduced the formation of tubular necrosis and dilation, as well as interstitial fibrosis in the kidney. In addition to that, CAT significantly decreased the adenine-induced increase in the phosphorylated NF-κB and reversed the reduced expression of sirtuin-1 in the kidney. In conclusion, CAT exhibits salutary effects against adenine-induced CKD in mice by mitigating inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis via mechanisms involving sirtuin-1 activation and NF-κB inhibition. Confirmatory studies are warranted in order to consider CAT as a potent nephroprotective agent against CKD.
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28
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Hu Q, Jiang L, Yan Q, Zeng J, Ma X, Zhao Y. A natural products solution to diabetic nephropathy therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 241:108314. [PMID: 36427568 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most common complications in diabetes. It has been shown to be the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. However, due to their complex pathological mechanisms, effective therapeutic drugs other than angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), which have been used for 20 years, have not been developed so far. Recent studies have shown that diabetic nephropathy is characterized by multiple signalling pathways and multiple targets, including inflammation, apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and their interactions. It definitely exacerbates the difficulty of therapy, but at the same time it also brings out the chance for natural products treatment. In the most recent two decades, a large number of natural products have displayed their potential in preclinical studies and a few compounds are under invetigation in clinical trials. Hence, many compounds targeting these singals have been emerged as a comprehensive blueprint for treating strategy of diabetic nephropathy. This review focuses on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of natural prouducts that alleviate this condition, including preclinical studies and clinical trials, which will provide new insights into the treatment of diabetic nephropathy and suggest novel ideas for new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Lan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China.
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29
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Chen S, Chen L, Jiang H. Prognosis and risk factors of chronic kidney disease progression in patients with diabetic kidney disease and non-diabetic kidney disease: a prospective cohort CKD-ROUTE study. Ren Fail 2022; 44:1309-1318. [PMID: 35938702 PMCID: PMC9361770 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2106872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is emerging rapidly as the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) worldwide. In this 3-year prospective, multicenter cohort study, a total of 1138 pre-dialysis CKD patients were recruited. Patients were categorized into two groups according to the etiologies of DKD and non-diabetic kidney disease (NDKD). Propensity score matching was performed to adjust for confounding factors, resulting in 197 patients being assigned to DKD and NDKD groups, respectively. The primary endpoints were 50% estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline and initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT). The secondary endpoints were all-cause death and the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. We found that DKD patients have a higher risk to develop 50% eGFR decline endpoint (HR:2.30, 95%CI [1.48-3.58], p < 0.001) and KRT endpoint (HR:1.64, 95%CI [1.13-2.37], p < 0.05) than NDKD patients. The 3-year cumulative incidence of 50% eGFR decline and KRT endpoint was significantly higher in DKD patients (26.90% vs.13.71% and 35.03% vs. 22.34%, respectively). The Cox regression analyses showed that the increased systolic blood pressure (SBP), DKD, decreased serum albumin (Alb), and higher CKD stages were risk factors for the 50% eGFR decline endpoint; the increased SBP, DKD, decreased serum Alb, serum creatinine (Scr), higher CKD stages, presence of proteinuria and CVD were risk factors for KRT endpoint; the increased age, decreased hemoglobin (Hb), decreased serum Alb were risk factors for all-cause death endpoint; the increased age, decreased serum Alb were risk factors for CVD events endpoint. Appropriate preventive or therapeutic interventions should be taken to control these predictive factors to delay the development of CKD complications, thereby improving the prognosis and reducing the disease burden of the high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Chen
- Department of Blood Purification, Kidney Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Blood Purification, Kidney Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongli Jiang
- Department of Blood Purification, Kidney Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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30
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Chen DQ, Wu J, Li P. Therapeutic mechanism and clinical application of Chinese herbal medicine against diabetic kidney disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1055296. [PMID: 36408255 PMCID: PMC9669587 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1055296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the major complications of type 1 and 2 diabetes, and is the predominant cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. The treatment of DKD normally consists of controlling blood glucose and improving kidney function. The blockade of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the inhibition of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) have become the first-line therapy of DKD, but such treatments have been difficult to effectively block continuous kidney function decline, eventually resulting in kidney failure and cardiovascular comorbidities. The complex mechanism of DKD highlights the importance of multiple therapeutic targets in treatment. Chinese herbal medicine (active compound, extract and formula) synergistically improves metabolism regulation, suppresses oxidative stress and inflammation, inhibits mitochondrial dysfunction, and regulates gut microbiota and related metabolism via modulating GLP-receptor, SGLT2, Sirt1/AMPK, AGE/RAGE, NF-κB, Nrf2, NLRP3, PGC-1α, and PINK1/Parkin pathways. Clinical trials prove the reliable evidences for Chinese herbal medicine against DKD, but more efforts are still needed to ensure the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine. Additionally, the ideal combined therapy of Chinese herbal medicine and conventional medicine normally yields more favorable benefits on DKD treatment, laying the foundation for novel strategies to treat DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Qian Chen
- Department of Emergency, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Shandong College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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31
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Bai H, Jiang W, Yan R, Wang F, Jiao L, Duan L, Jia P, Xie Y, Wang S. Comparing the effects of three processing methods on the efficacy of mulberry leaf tea: analysis of bioactive compounds, bioavailability and bioactivity. Food Chem 2022; 405:134900. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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32
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Zhao B, Fu J, Ni H, Xu L, Xu C, He Q, Ni C, Wang Y, Kuang J, Tang M, Shou Q, Yao M. Catalpol ameliorates CFA-induced inflammatory pain by targeting spinal cord and peripheral inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1010483. [PMID: 36353492 PMCID: PMC9637921 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1010483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic, inflammatory pain is an international health concern that severely diminishes individuals' quality of life. Catalpol is an iridoid glycoside derived from the roots of Rehmannia glutinosa that possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties for the treating multiple kinds of disorders. Nevertheless, catalpol's impacts on inflammatory pain and its potential methods of action are still unclear. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the mechanism of catalpol to reduce the inflammatory pain behaviors in a rat model with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Catwalk, Von-Frey, and open field testing were performed for behavioral assessment. Western blot analysis and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) were employed to identify variations in molecular expression, while immunofluorescence was utilized to identify cellular localization. Catalpol effectively reduced CFA-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia when injected intrathecally. Moreover, catalpol can regulate the HDAC4/PPAR-γ-signaling pathway in CFA rat spinal cord neurons. Meanwhile catalpol significantly decreased the expression of the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammatory axis in the spinal cord of CFA rats. In addition, both in vivo and in vitro research revealed that catalpol treatment inhibited astrocyte activation and increase inflammatory factor expression. Interestingly, we also found that catalpol could alleviate peripheral pain by inhibiting tissue inflammation. Taken together, the findings declared that catalpol may inhibit inflammatory pain in CFA rats by targeting spinal cord and peripheral inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxia Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Hospital of Jiaxing Or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jie Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Hospital of Jiaxing Or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Huadong Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Hospital of Jiaxing Or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Longsheng Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Hospital of Jiaxing Or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Chengfei Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Hospital of Jiaxing Or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Qiuli He
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Hospital of Jiaxing Or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Chaobo Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Hospital of Jiaxing Or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yahui Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Hospital of Jiaxing Or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jiao Kuang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Hospital of Jiaxing Or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Mengjie Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Hospital of Jiaxing Or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Qiyang Shou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Hospital of Jiaxing Or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
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33
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Demirer B, Samur G. Possible effects of dietary advanced glycation end products on maternal and fetal health: a review. Nutr Rev 2022:6762058. [PMID: 36250798 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the body has been associated with many adverse health conditions. The common point of the pathologies associated at this point is oxidative stress and inflammation. Pregnancy is an important period in which many physiological, psychological, and biological changes are experienced. Along with the physiological changes that occur during this period, the mother maintaining an AGE-rich diet may cause an increase in the body's AGE pool and may increase oxidative stress and inflammation, as seen in healthy individuals. Studies have reported the negative effects of maternal AGE levels on maternal and fetal health during pregnancy. Although gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, endothelial dysfunction, and pelvic diseases constitute maternal complications, a number of pathological conditions such as intrauterine growth retardation, premature birth, neural tube defect, neurobehavioral developmental disorders, fetal death, and neonatal asphyxia constitute fetal complications. It is thought that the mechanisms of these complications have not been confirmed yet and more clinical studies are needed on this subject. The possible effects of dietary AGE levels during pregnancy on maternal and fetal health are examined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Büşra Demirer
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Gülhan Samur
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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34
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Liu D, Chen J, Xie Y, Mei X, Xu C, Liu J, Cao X. Investigating the molecular mechanisms of glyoxal-induced cytotoxicity in human embryonic kidney cells: Insights from network toxicology and cell biology experiments. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:2269-2280. [PMID: 35621379 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glyoxal, a reactive carbonyl species, can be generated both endogenously (glucose metabolism) and exogenously (cigarette smoke and food system). Increasing evidence demonstrates that glyoxal exacerbates the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy, but the underlying mechanisms of glyoxal toxicity to human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells remain unclear. In this work, the molecular mechanisms of glyoxal-induced cytotoxicity in HEK293 cells were explored with network toxicology and cell biology experiments. Network toxicology results showed that oxidative stress and advanced glycation end products (AGEs)/RAGE signaling pathways played a crucial role in glyoxal toxicity. Next, further validation was performed at the cellular level. Glyoxal activated the AGEs-RAGE signaling pathway, caused the increase of cellular ROS, and activated the p38MAPK and JNK signaling pathways, causing cellular oxidative stress. Furthermore, glyoxal caused the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and increased the expression of TGF-β1, indicating that glyoxal caused cellular inflammation. Moreover, glyoxal caused cellular DNA damage accompanied by the activation of DNA damage response pathways. Finally, the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway was activated. The results that obtained in cell biology were consistent with network toxicology, which corroborated each other and together indicated that glyoxal induced HEK293 cells damage via the process of oxidative stress, the AGEs-RAGE pathway, and their associated signaling pathways. This study provides the experimental basis for the cytotoxicity of glyoxal on HEK293 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- School of life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junliang Chen
- School of life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanzhen Xie
- School of life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xueying Mei
- School of life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chengbin Xu
- School of Environment Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianli Liu
- School of life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiangyu Cao
- School of life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
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35
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Wang X, Zhang M, Zhang M, Han Y, Chen X, Zhao W, Han Z, Sun J. Salvianolic acid A promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and function via regulating the AMPK/PGC‑1α signaling pathway in HUVECs. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:485. [PMID: 35761806 PMCID: PMC9214604 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysregulation is an important pathology that leads to endothelial dysfunction, and the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. Salvianolic acid A (SAA) has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of vascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Limited information has been reported on the effects of SAA on mitochondrial function in endothelial cells. In the present study, the effects of SAA on mitochondrial biogenesis and the related underlying mechanisms were investigated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Mitotracker red staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to evaluate the effect of SAA on mitochondrial quality. The effect of SAA treatment on mitochondrial DNA/nuclear DNA ratio of HUVECs was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Western blot was used to determine the protein expression levels of complex III and Complex IV of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation subunit, and ATP production was determined by ATP test kit. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to determine the effects of SAA on the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator (PGC-1α) and its target genes nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) proteins and genes. Finally, in the presence of 5'AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) specific inhibitors, the expression of PGC-1α, NRF1 and TFAM proteins and the phosphorylation levels of AMPK and Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACC) were detected by Western blot or real-time quantitative PCR. The results showed that SAA treatment significantly promoted mitochondrial biogenesis and enhanced mitochondrial function of HUVECs. SAA significantly increased the expression levels of PGC-1α and its target genes NRF1 and (TFAM), a key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis in HUVECs. These enhancements were accompanied by significantly increased phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC, and were significantly inhibited by specific AMPK inhibitors. These results suggest that SAA may promote mitochondrial biogenesis in endothelial cells by activating the AMPK-mediated PGC-1α/TFAM signaling pathway. These data provide new insights into the mechanism of action of SAA in treating diabetic vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Mi Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Yantao Han
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Xuehong Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Wenwen Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwu Han
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Jialin Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
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36
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Huang K, Liang Y, Wang K, Ma Y, Wu J, Luo H, Yi B. Elevated ACE Levels Indicate Diabetic Nephropathy Progression or Companied Retina Impaired. FRONTIERS IN CLINICAL DIABETES AND HEALTHCARE 2022; 3:831128. [PMID: 36992775 PMCID: PMC10012155 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2022.831128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays important roles in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN), and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is the key factor in the process from angiotensin I to angiotensin II, but the variation and roles of serum ACE in DN patients are still unclear. Methods Forty-four type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, 75 DN patients, and 36 age-gender-matched healthy volunteers were recruited who attended Xiangya Hospital of Central South University in this case control study. Serum ACE levels and other indexes were tested with commercial kit. Results ACE levels in DN were significantly higher than T2DM and controls (F = 9.66, P < 0.001). Serum ACE levels significantly correlated with UmALB (r = 0.3650, P < 0.001), BUN (r = 0.3102, P < 0.001), HbA1c (r = 0.2046, P = 0.0221), ACR (r = 0.4187, P < 0.001), ALB (r = -0.1885, P = 0.0192), and eGFR (r = -0.3955, P < 0.001), and we got an equation that Y = 2.839 + 0.648X1 + 2.001X2 + 0.003X3 - 6.637X4 +0.416X5 - 0.134X6 (Y: ACE; X1: BUN; X2: HbA1C; X3: UmALB; X4: gender; X5: ALB; X6: eGFR, R2 = 0.655). When DN patients were divided into advanced-stage and early-stage with or without DR, ACE levels would increase when early-stage DN develops into advanced-stage or companied with DR. Conclusion Elevated serum ACE levels may hint DN progression or retina impaired of DN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkang Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunlai Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yating Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiahui Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huidan Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Yi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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37
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Tong H, Wang D, Fang M. Correlation between Glucose/C-Peptide Ratio and the Risk of Disease Progression in Diabetic Nephropathy Patients: A Clinical Retrospective Analysis. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:7406764. [PMID: 35399828 PMCID: PMC8986398 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7406764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyze the correlation between the glucose/C-peptide ratio and the risk of disease progression in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Ninety-three patients with diabetic nephropathy, who were treated in the Chun'an Branch of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, China, from January 2016 to January 2019, were recruited as subjects. In accordance with the disease progression, the patients were divided into a progression group (n = 59) and a nonprogression group (n = 34). Clinical data were compared between the two groups. Pearson's correlation was applied to analyze the correlation of age, postprandial glucose/C-peptide, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin resistance index, serum cystatin C, uric acid, 24 h urinary albumin excretion rate (24 hUAER), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were utilized to analyze the influencing factors for the risk of disease progression in patients with diabetic nephropathy. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was employed to assess the predictive value of postprandial glucose/C-peptide on the risk of disease progression in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Results. The age differences, postprandial glucose/C-peptide, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin resistance index, serum cystatin C, uric acid, 24 hUAER, and eGFR were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). Pearson's linear correlation analysis exhibited that postprandial glucose/C-peptide, insulin resistance index, serum cystatin C, and uric acid were positively correlated with 24 hUAER (r = 0.514, 0.345, 0.311, 0.279, P < 0.05). Age, postprandial glucose/C-peptide, insulin resistance index, serum cystatin C, and uric acid were negatively correlated with eGFR (r = -0.210, -0.610, -0.351, -0.347, and -0.274, P < 0.05). Univariate logistic regression analysis displayed that age (OR = 0.938; P=0.043), postprandial glucose/C-peptide (OR = 0.851; p ≤ 0.001), insulin resistance index (OR = 0.219; p ≤ 0.001), serum cystatin C (OR = 0.113; p ≤ 0.001), and uric acid (OR = 0.989; P=0.001) were risk factors for the risk of disease progression in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis exhibited that postprandial glucose/C-peptide (OR = 0.747; P=0.004), insulin resistance index (OR = 0.072; P=0.012), serum cystatin C (OR = 0.023; P=0.020), and uric acid (OR = 0.967; P=0.039) were independent risk factors for the risk of disease progression in patients with diabetic nephropathy. The ROC curve results demonstrated that the AUC of postprandial glucose/C-peptide predicting the risk of disease progression in patients with diabetic nephropathy was 0.931. Postprandial glucose/C-peptide, insulin resistance index, serum cystatin C, and uric acid are correlated with 24hUAER and eGFR. Postprandial glucose/C-peptide, insulin resistance index, serum cystatin C, and uric acid are independent risk factors for the risk of disease progression in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Among them, postprandial glucose/C-peptide can be employed as a crucial indicator to predict the risk of disease progression in diabetic nephropathy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huomu Tong
- Department of Endocrinology, Chun'an Branch of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 311700, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dongying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chun'an Branch of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 311700, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Miaozhen Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chun'an Branch of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 311700, Zhejiang Province, China
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