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Roman-Campos D, Marin-Neto JA, Santos-Miranda A, Kong N, D’Avila A, Rassi A. Arrhythmogenic Manifestations of Chagas Disease: Perspectives From the Bench to Bedside. Circ Res 2024; 134:1379-1397. [PMID: 38723031 PMCID: PMC11081486 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.324507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Chagas cardiomyopathy caused by infection with the intracellular parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is the most common and severe expression of human Chagas disease. Heart failure, systemic and pulmonary thromboembolism, arrhythmia, and sudden cardiac death are the principal clinical manifestations of Chagas cardiomyopathy. Ventricular arrhythmias contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality and are the major cause of sudden cardiac death. Significant gaps still exist in the understanding of the pathogenesis mechanisms underlying the arrhythmogenic manifestations of Chagas cardiomyopathy. This article will review the data from experimental studies and translate those findings to draw hypotheses about clinical observations. Human- and animal-based studies at molecular, cellular, tissue, and organ levels suggest 5 main pillars of remodeling caused by the interaction of host and parasite: immunologic, electrical, autonomic, microvascular, and contractile. Integrating these 5 remodeling processes will bring insights into the current knowledge in the field, highlighting some key features for future management of this arrhythmogenic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Roman-Campos
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulsita de Medicina, Laboratório de Cardiobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (D.R-C)
| | - José Antonio Marin-Neto
- Unidade de Hemodinâmica e Cardiologia Intervencionista, Escola de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil (J.A.M-N.)
| | - Artur Santos-Miranda
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil (A.S.-M)
| | - Nathan Kong
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulsita de Medicina, Laboratório de Cardiobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (D.R-C)
- Unidade de Hemodinâmica e Cardiologia Intervencionista, Escola de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil (J.A.M-N.)
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil (A.S.-M)
- Hospital do Coração Anis Rassi, Goiânia, GO, Brazil (A.R.J.)
| | - André D’Avila
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulsita de Medicina, Laboratório de Cardiobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil (D.R-C)
- Unidade de Hemodinâmica e Cardiologia Intervencionista, Escola de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil (J.A.M-N.)
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil (A.S.-M)
- Hospital do Coração Anis Rassi, Goiânia, GO, Brazil (A.R.J.)
| | - Anis Rassi
- Hospital do Coração Anis Rassi, Goiânia, GO, Brazil (A.R.J.)
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Development of a red fluorescent protein-based cGMP indicator applicable for live-cell imaging. Commun Biol 2022; 5:833. [PMID: 36064581 PMCID: PMC9445041 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03790-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic guanosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cGMP) is a second messenger that regulates a variety of physiological processes. Here, we develop a red fluorescent protein-based cGMP indicator, "Red cGull". The fluorescence intensity of Red cGull increase more than sixfold in response to cGMP. The features of this indicator include an EC50 of 0.33 μM for cGMP, an excitation and emission peak at 567 nm and 591 nm, respectively. Live-cell imaging analysis reveal the utility of Red cGull for dual-colour imaging and its ability to be used in conjunction with optogenetics tools. Using enteroendocrine cell lines, Red cGull detects an increase in cGMP following the application of L-arginine. An increase in intracellular cGMP is found to be inhibited by Ca2+, and L-arginine-mediated hormone secretion is not potentiated. We propose that Red cGull will facilitate future research in cell signalling in relation to cGMP and its interplay with other signalling molecules.
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Jia XY, Liu YM, Wang YF, An JY, Peng KL, Wang H. Bibliometric study of soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators in cardiovascular research based on web of science from 1992 to 2021. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:963255. [PMID: 36081943 PMCID: PMC9445840 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.963255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several studies have shown that soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulators have cardiovascular (CV) benefits. However, few bibliometric analyses have examined this field systematically. Our study aimed to examine the publications to determine the trends and hotspots in CV research on sGC stimulators. Methods: Publications on sGC stimulators in CV research were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. VOSviewer and CiteSpace visualization software were used to analyze publication trends, countries (regions) and institutions, journals and cited journals, authors and cited references, as well as keywords. Results: A total of 1,212 literatures were obtained. From its first appearance in 1992–2021 (based on WOSCC record), the overall volume of publications has shown a gradual increasing trend. Nearly one-third were authored by American scholars, and most were published in Circulation, Circulation Research, and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Bayer Agency in Germany was the leading driving force, and has a high academic reputation in this field. Stasch JP has published the most related articles and been cited most frequently. Half of the top 10 co-cited references were published in the leading highly co-cited journal Circulation and New England Journal of Medicine. “NO,” “allosteric regulation” and “free radicals” were the focus of previous research, “chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension,” “pulmonary hypertension” and “heart failure” were the main research hotspots. The key words “chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension,” “Pulmonary hypertension,” “preserved ejection fraction” and “heart failure” appeared most recently as research frontiers. Conclusion: The research in the CV field of sGC stimulators was relatively comprehensive, and there was a close relationship among countries, research institutions and authors, but it is still in the exploratory stage in the treatment of CV disease. At present, most studies focus on the results of clinical trials. sGC stimulators in the treatment of heart failure, especially heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, may be the hotpots and Frontier at present and in the future, and should be closely monitored.
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Kamkin AG, Kamkina OV, Shim AL, Bilichenko A, Mitrokhin VM, Kazansky VE, Filatova TS, Abramochkin D, Mladenov MI. The role of activation of two different sGC binding sites by NO-dependent and NO-independent mechanisms in the regulation of SACs in rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15246. [PMID: 35384354 PMCID: PMC8981922 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanoelectrical feedback (MEF) mechanism in the heart that plays a significant role in the occurrence of arrhythmias, involves cation flux through cation nonselective stretch-activated channels (SACs). It is well known that nitric oxide (NO) can act as a regulator of MEF. Here we addressed the possibility of SAC's regulation along NO-dependent and NO-independent pathways, as well as the possibility of S-nitrosylation of SACs. In freshly isolated rat ventricular cardiomyocytes, using the patch-clamp method in whole-cell configuration, inward nonselective stretch-activated cation current ISAC was recorded through SACs, which occurs during dosed cell stretching. NO donor SNAP, α1-subunit of sGC activator BAY41-2272, sGC blocker ODQ, PKG blocker KT5823, PKG activator 8Br-cGMP, and S-nitrosylation blocker ascorbic acid, were employed. We concluded that the physiological concentration of NO in the cell is a necessary condition for the functioning of SACs. An increase in NO due to SNAP in an unstretched cell causes the appearance of a Gd3+ -sensitive nonselective cation current, an analog of ISAC , while in a stretched cell it eliminates ISAC . The NO-independent pathway of sGC activation of α subunit, triggered by BAY41-2272, is also important for the regulation of SACs. Since S-nitrosylation inhibitor completely abolishes ISAC , this mechanism occurs. The application of BAY41-2272 cannot induce ISAC in a nonstretched cell; however, the addition of SNAP on its background activates SACs, rather due to S-nitrosylation. ODQ eliminates ISAC , but SNAP added on the background of stretch increases ISAC in addition to ODQ. This may be a result of the lack of NO as a result of inhibition of NOS by metabolically modified ODQ. KT5823 reduces PKG activity and reduces SACs phosphorylation, leading to an increase in ISAC . 8Br-cGMP reduces ISAC by activating PKG and its phosphorylation. These results demonstrate a significant contribution of S-nitrosylation to the regulation of SACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre G. Kamkin
- Department of PhysiologyPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Olga V. Kamkina
- Department of PhysiologyPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Andrey L. Shim
- Department of PhysiologyPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Andrey Bilichenko
- Department of PhysiologyPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Vadim M. Mitrokhin
- Department of PhysiologyPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Viktor E. Kazansky
- Department of PhysiologyPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Tatiana S. Filatova
- Department of PhysiologyPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
- Department of Human and Animal PhysiologyLomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Denis V. Abramochkin
- Department of PhysiologyPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
- Department of Human and Animal PhysiologyLomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Mitko I. Mladenov
- Department of PhysiologyPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and MathematicsInstitute of Biology, “Ss. Cyril and Methodius” UniversitySkopjeMacedonia
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Mika D, Fischmeister R. Cyclic nucleotide signaling and pacemaker activity. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 166:29-38. [PMID: 34298001 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The sinoatrial node (SAN) is the natural pacemaker of the heart, producing the electrical impulse that initiates every heart beat. Its activity is tightly controlled by the autonomic nervous system, and by circulating and locally released factors. Neurohumoral regulation of heart rate plays a crucial role in the integration of vital functions and influences behavior and ability to respond to changing environmental conditions. At the cellular level, modulation of SAN activity occurs through intracellular signaling pathways involving cyclic nucleotides: cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP). In this Review, dedicated to Professor Dario DiFrancesco and his accomplishements in the field of cardiac pacemaking, we summarize all findings on the role of cyclic nucleotides signaling in regulating the key actors of cardiac automatism, and we provide an up-to-date review on cAMP- and cGMP-phosphodiesterases (PDEs), compellingly involved in this modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Mika
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, UMR-S, 1180, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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Wang YW, Gao QW, Xiao YJ, Zhu XJ, Gao L, Zhang WH, Wang RR, Chen KS, Liu FM, Huang HL, Chen L. Bay 60-7550, a PDE2 inhibitor, exerts positive inotropic effect of rat heart by increasing PKA-mediated phosphorylation of phospholamban. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 901:174077. [PMID: 33798601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the hemodynamic effect of Bay 60-7550, a phosphodiesterase type 2 (PDE2) inhibitor, in healthy rat hearts both in vivo and ex vivo and its underlying mechanisms. In vivo rat left ventricular pressure-volume loop, Langendorff isolated rat heart, Ca2+ transient of left ventricular myocyte and Western blot experiments were used in this study. The results demonstrated that Bay 60-7550 (1.5 mg/kg, i. p.) increased the in vivo rat heart contractility by enhancing stroke work, cardiac output, stroke volume, end-diastolic volume, heart rate, and ejection fraction. The simultaneous aortic pressure recording indicated that the systolic blood pressure was increased and diastolic blood pressure was decreased by Bay 60-7550. Also, the arterial elastance which is proportional to the peripheral vessel resistance was significantly decreased. Bay 60-7550 (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 μmol/l) also enhanced the left ventricular development pressure in non-paced and paced modes with a decrease of heart rate in non-paced model. Bay 60-7550 (1 μmol/l) increased SERCA2a activity and SR Ca2+ content and reduced SR Ca2+ leak rate. Furthermore, Bay 60-7550 (0.1 μmol/l) increased the phosphorylation of phospholamban at 16-serine without significantly changing the phosphorylation levels of phospholamban at 17-threonine and RyR2. Bay 60-7550 increased the rat heart contractility and reduced peripheral arterial resistance may be mediated by increasing the phosphorylation of phospholamban and dilating peripheral vessels. PDE2 inhibitors which result in a positive inotropic effect and a decrease in peripheral resistance might serve as a target for developing agents for the treatment of heart failure in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Wang
- National Standard Laboratory of Pharmacology for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qian-Wen Gao
- National Standard Laboratory of Pharmacology for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu-Jie Xiao
- National Standard Laboratory of Pharmacology for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiao-Jia Zhu
- National Standard Laboratory of Pharmacology for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li Gao
- National Standard Laboratory of Pharmacology for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wen-Hui Zhang
- National Standard Laboratory of Pharmacology for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rong-Rong Wang
- National Standard Laboratory of Pharmacology for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ke-Su Chen
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Fu-Ming Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hui-Li Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, No. 900 Hospital of the Chinese PLA Joint Support Forces, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Long Chen
- National Standard Laboratory of Pharmacology for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine of Taizhou China Medical City, Double Tower, China Medical City, Taizhou 225300, China.
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7
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Barrett PQ, Guagliardo NA, Bayliss DA. Ion Channel Function and Electrical Excitability in the Zona Glomerulosa: A Network Perspective on Aldosterone Regulation. Annu Rev Physiol 2020; 83:451-475. [PMID: 33176563 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-030220-113038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aldosterone excess is a pathogenic factor in many hypertensive disorders. The discovery of numerous somatic and germline mutations in ion channels in primary hyperaldosteronism underscores the importance of plasma membrane conductances in determining the activation state of zona glomerulosa (zG) cells. Electrophysiological recordings describe an electrically quiescent behavior for dispersed zG cells. Yet, emerging data indicate that in native rosette structures in situ, zG cells are electrically excitable, generating slow periodic voltage spikes and coordinated bursts of Ca2+ oscillations. We revisit data to understand how a multitude of conductances may underlie voltage/Ca2+ oscillations, recognizing that zG layer self-renewal and cell heterogeneity may complicate this task. We review recent data to understand rosette architecture and apply maxims derived from computational network modeling to understand rosette function. The challenge going forward is to uncover how the rosette orchestrates the behavior of a functional network of conditional oscillators to control zG layer performance and aldosterone secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Q Barrett
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA; , ,
| | - Nick A Guagliardo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA; , ,
| | - Douglas A Bayliss
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA; , ,
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8
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Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a common consequence of several cardiovascular diseases and is understood as a vicious cycle of cardiac and hemodynamic decline. The current inventory of treatments either alleviates the pathophysiological features (eg, cardiac dysfunction, neurohumoral activation, and ventricular remodeling) and/or targets any underlying pathologies (eg, hypertension and myocardial infarction). Yet, since these do not provide a cure, the morbidity and mortality associated with HF remains high. Therefore, the disease constitutes an unmet medical need, and novel therapies are desperately needed. Cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP), synthesized by nitric oxide (NO)- and natriuretic peptide (NP)-responsive guanylyl cyclase (GC) enzymes, exerts numerous protective effects on cardiac contractility, hypertrophy, fibrosis, and apoptosis. Impaired cGMP signaling, which can occur after GC deactivation and the upregulation of cyclic nucleotide-hydrolyzing phosphodiesterases (PDEs), promotes cardiac dysfunction. In this study, we review the role that NO/cGMP and NP/cGMP signaling plays in HF. After considering disease etiology, the physiological effects of cGMP in the heart are discussed. We then assess the evidence from preclinical models and patients that compromised cGMP signaling contributes to the HF phenotype. Finally, the potential of pharmacologically harnessing cardioprotective cGMP to rectify the present paucity of effective HF treatments is examined.
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MacDonald EA, Rose RA, Quinn TA. Neurohumoral Control of Sinoatrial Node Activity and Heart Rate: Insight From Experimental Models and Findings From Humans. Front Physiol 2020; 11:170. [PMID: 32194439 PMCID: PMC7063087 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The sinoatrial node is perhaps one of the most important tissues in the entire body: it is the natural pacemaker of the heart, making it responsible for initiating each-and-every normal heartbeat. As such, its activity is heavily controlled, allowing heart rate to rapidly adapt to changes in physiological demand. Control of sinoatrial node activity, however, is complex, occurring through the autonomic nervous system and various circulating and locally released factors. In this review we discuss the coupled-clock pacemaker system and how its manipulation by neurohumoral signaling alters heart rate, considering the multitude of canonical and non-canonical agents that are known to modulate sinoatrial node activity. For each, we discuss the principal receptors involved and known intracellular signaling and protein targets, highlighting gaps in our knowledge and understanding from experimental models and human studies that represent areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eilidh A. MacDonald
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Robert A. Rose
- Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - T. Alexander Quinn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Demeter-Haludka V, Kovács M, Prorok J, Nagy N, Varró A, Végh Á. Examination of the Changes in Calcium Homeostasis in the Delayed Antiarrhythmic Effect of Sodium Nitrite. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5687. [PMID: 31766239 PMCID: PMC6888494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We have evidence that the intravenous infusion of sodium nitrite (NaNO2) results in an antiarrhythmic effect when given 24 h prior to an ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) insult in anaesthetized dogs. This protection was associated with the reduction of reactive oxygen species resulting from I/R through the attenuation of mitochondrial respiration. Here, we examined whether the changes in calcium, which also contributes to arrhythmia generation, play a role in the NaNO2-induced effect. On the first day, 30 anaesthetized dogs were treated either with saline or NaNO2 (0.2 µmol/kg/min) for 20 min. Some animals were subjected to a 25 min LAD (anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery) occlusion and 2 min reperfusion (I/R = 4; NaNO2-I/R = 6), or the heart was removed 24 h later. We have shown that nitrite prevented the I/R-induced increase in cellular and mitochondrial calcium deposits. During simulated I/R, the amplitude of the calcium transient and the diastolic calcium level were significantly lower in the nitrite-treated hearts and the ERP (effective refractory period) fraction of the action potential was significantly increased. Furthermore, nitrite also enhanced the mitochondrial respiratory response and prevented the MPTPT opening during calcium overload. These results suggest that nitrite can reduce the harmful consequences of calcium overload, perhaps directly by modulating ion channels or indirectly by reducing the mitochondrial ROS (reactive oxygen species) production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Demeter-Haludka
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, H-6721 Szeged, Hungary; (V.D.-H.); (J.P.); (N.N.); (A.V.); (Á.V.)
| | - Mária Kovács
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, H-6721 Szeged, Hungary; (V.D.-H.); (J.P.); (N.N.); (A.V.); (Á.V.)
| | - János Prorok
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, H-6721 Szeged, Hungary; (V.D.-H.); (J.P.); (N.N.); (A.V.); (Á.V.)
| | - Norbert Nagy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, H-6721 Szeged, Hungary; (V.D.-H.); (J.P.); (N.N.); (A.V.); (Á.V.)
- MTA-SZTE Research Group of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, H-6721 Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Varró
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, H-6721 Szeged, Hungary; (V.D.-H.); (J.P.); (N.N.); (A.V.); (Á.V.)
| | - Ágnes Végh
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, H-6721 Szeged, Hungary; (V.D.-H.); (J.P.); (N.N.); (A.V.); (Á.V.)
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11
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Sangha V, Nachman RJ, Lange A, Orchard I. Physiological effects of biostable kinin and CAPA analogs in the Chagas disease vector, Rhodnius prolixus. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 114:103223. [PMID: 31465823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2019.103223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the Chagas disease vector Rhodnius prolixus, the kinin and CAPA family of neuropeptides are implicated in feeding and diuresis-related behaviours, with Rhopr-kinins stimulating contractions of the midgut, salivary glands, and hindgut, and RhoprCAPA-2 functioning as an anti-diuretic hormone. The current study examined the effects of kinin and CAPA neuropeptides and their analogs on feeding and diuresis, and on hindgut contractions and MT fluid secretion in R. prolixus. The biostable Aib-containing kinin analog 2139[Φ1]wp-2 was found to have antifeedant effects, and to be more potent than Rhopr-kinin 2 in stimulating hindgut contractions. The CAPA analog 2129-SP3[Φ3]wp-2 induced the intake of a larger blood meal, and increased the rate of post-prandial rapid diuresis. RhoprCAPA-2, but not its analog, potentiated hindgut contractions induced by Rhopr-kinin 2. Potentiation was observed with the CAPA analog on 5-HT-stimulated increases in frequency of hindgut contractions, whereas RhoprCAPA-2 inhibited this 5-HT-mediated stimulation. The CAPA analog induced hindgut contractions and prevented the inhibition induced by RhoprCAPA-2 on 5-HT-stimulated MT secretion. These results demonstrate novel interactions between Rhopr-kinin and RhoprCAPA-2 on the hindgut, possibly influencing post-feeding excretion. The kinin analog is a potent agonist of the kinin receptor, and the CAPA analog an antagonist of the CAPA receptor. The use of neuropeptide mimetics is a promising approach to vector control as they can disrupt behaviours, and the effects of these neuropeptide analogs highlight their value as lead compounds, given their ability to interfere with epidemiologically-relevant behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Sangha
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada.
| | - Ronald J Nachman
- Insect Control and Cotton Disease Research, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Centre, U.S Department of Agriculture, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - Angela Lange
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Ian Orchard
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
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12
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Nabavi SM, Talarek S, Listos J, Nabavi SF, Devi KP, Roberto de Oliveira M, Tewari D, Argüelles S, Mehrzadi S, Hosseinzadeh A, D'onofrio G, Orhan IE, Sureda A, Xu S, Momtaz S, Farzaei MH. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors say NO to Alzheimer's disease. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 134:110822. [PMID: 31536753 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) consisted of 11 subtypes (PDE1 to PDE11) and over 40 isoforms that regulate levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), the second messengers in cell functions. PDE inhibitors (PDEIs) have been attractive therapeutic targets due to their involvement in diverse medical conditions, e.g. cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, Alzheimer's disease (AD), etc. Among them; AD with a complex pathology is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder which affect mostly senile people in the world and only symptomatic treatment particularly using cholinesterase inhibitors in clinic is available at the moment for AD. Consequently, novel treatment strategies towards AD are still searched extensively. Since PDEs are broadly expressed in the brain, PDEIs are considered to modulate neurodegenerative conditions through regulating cAMP and cGMP in the brain. In this sense, several synthetic or natural molecules inhibiting various PDE subtypes such as rolipram and roflumilast (PDE4 inhibitors), vinpocetine (PDE1 inhibitor), cilostazol and milrinone (PDE3 inhibitors), sildenafil and tadalafil (PDE5 inhibitors), etc have been reported showing encouraging results for the treatment of AD. In this review, PDE superfamily will be scrutinized from the view point of structural features, isoforms, functions and pharmacology particularly attributed to PDEs as target for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sylwia Talarek
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a St, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Joanna Listos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a St, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kasi Pandima Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630003, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química (DQ), Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Terra (ICET), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil.
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India.
| | - Sandro Argüelles
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Grazia D'onofrio
- Geriatric Unit and Gerontology-Geriatrics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", Viale Cappuccini 1, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy.
| | - Ilkay Erdogan Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
| | - Suowen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA.
| | - Saeedeh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran; Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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13
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Abstract
Electromechanical coupling studies have described the intervention of nitric oxide and S-nitrosylation processes in Ca2+ release induced by stretch, with heterogeneous findings. On the other hand, ion channel function activated by stretch is influenced by nitric oxide, and concentration-dependent biphasic effects upon several cellular functions have been described. The present study uses isolated and perfused rabbit hearts to investigate the changes in mechanoelectric feedback produced by two different concentrations of the nitric oxide carrier S-nitrosoglutathione. Epicardial multielectrodes were used to record myocardial activation at baseline and during and after left ventricular free wall stretch using an intraventricular device. Three experimental series were studied: (a) control (n = 10); (b) S-nitrosoglutathione 10 µM (n = 11); and (c) S-nitrosoglutathione 50 µM (n = 11). The changes in ventricular fibrillation (VF) pattern induced by stretch were analyzed and compared. S-nitrosoglutathione 10 µM did not modify VF at baseline, but attenuated acceleration of the arrhythmia (15.6 ± 1.7 vs. 21.3 ± 3.8 Hz; p < 0.0001) and reduction of percentile 5 of the activation intervals (42 ± 3 vs. 38 ± 4 ms; p < 0.05) induced by stretch. In contrast, at baseline using the 50 µM concentration, percentile 5 was shortened (38 ± 6 vs. 52 ± 10 ms; p < 0.005) and the complexity index increased (1.77 ± 0.18 vs. 1.27 ± 0.13; p < 0.0001). The greatest complexity indices (1.84 ± 0.17; p < 0.05) were obtained during stretch in this series. S-nitrosoglutathione 10 µM attenuates the effects of mechanoelectric feedback, while at a concentration of 50 µM the drug alters the baseline VF pattern and accentuates the increase in complexity of the arrhythmia induced by myocardial stretch.
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14
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Maltsev AV, Evdokimovskii EV, Kokoz YM. Synergism of myocardial β-adrenoceptor blockade and I 1-imidazoline receptor-driven signaling: Kinase-phosphatase switching. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 511:363-368. [PMID: 30795862 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recently identified imidazoline receptors of the first type (I1Rs) on the cardiomyocyte's sarcolemma open a new field in calcium signaling research. In particular, it is interesting to investigate their functional interaction with other well-known systems, such as β-adrenergic receptors. Here we investigated the effects of I1Rs activation on L-type voltage-gated Ca2+-currents under catecholaminergic stress induced by the application of β-agonist, isoproterenol. Pharmacological agonist of I1Rs (I1-agonist), rilmenidine, and the putative endogenous I1-ligand, agmatine, have been shown to effectively reduce Ca2+-currents potentiated by isoproterenol. Inhibitory analysis shows that the ability to suppress voltage-gated Ca2+-currents by rilmenidine and agmatine is fully preserved in the presence of the protein kinase A blocker (PKA), which indicates a PKA-independent mechanism of their action. The blockade of NO synthase isoforms with 7NI does not affect the intrinsic effects of agmatine and rilmenidine, which suggests NO-independent signaling pathways triggered by I1Rs. A nonspecific serine/threonine protein phosphatase (STPP) inhibitor, calyculin A, abrogates effects of rilmenidine or agmatine on the isoproterenol-induced Ca2+-currents. Direct measurements of phosphatase activity in the myocardial tissues showed that activation of the I1Rs leads to stimulation of STPP, which could be responsible for the I1-agonist influences. Obtained data clarify peripheral effects that occur during activation of the I1Rs under endogenous catecholaminergic stress, and can be used in clinical practice for more precise control of heart contractility in some cardiovascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Maltsev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow Region, Pushchino, Institutskaya, 3, 142290, Russia; Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Butlerova 5А, 117485, Russia.
| | - E V Evdokimovskii
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow Region, Pushchino, Institutskaya, 3, 142290, Russia
| | - Y M Kokoz
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow Region, Pushchino, Institutskaya, 3, 142290, Russia
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15
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Liu K, Li D, Hao G, McCaffary D, Neely O, Woodward L, Ioannides D, Lu CJ, Brescia M, Zaccolo M, Tandri H, Ajijola OA, Ardell JL, Shivkumar K, Paterson DJ. Phosphodiesterase 2A as a therapeutic target to restore cardiac neurotransmission during sympathetic hyperactivity. JCI Insight 2018; 3:98694. [PMID: 29720569 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.98694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) are regarded as an early compensatory response to cardiac myocyte hypertrophy, although exogenously administered BNP shows poor clinical efficacy in heart failure and hypertension. We tested whether phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A), which regulates the action of BNP-activated cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), was directly involved in modulating Ca2+ handling from stellate ganglia (SG) neurons and cardiac norepinephrine (NE) release in rats and humans with an enhanced sympathetic phenotype. SG were also isolated from patients with sympathetic hyperactivity and healthy donor patients. PDE2A activity of the SG was greater in both spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and patients compared with their respective controls, whereas PDE2A mRNA was only high in SHR SG. BNP significantly reduced the magnitude of the calcium transients and ICaN in normal Wistar Kyoto (WKY) SG neurons, but not in the SHRs. cGMP levels stimulated by BNP were also attenuated in SHR SG neurons. Overexpression of PDE2A in WKY neurons recapitulated the calcium phenotype seen in SHR neurons. Functionally, BNP significantly reduced [3H]-NE release in the WKY rats, but not in the SHRs. Blockade of overexpressed PDE2A with Bay 60-7550 or overexpression of catalytically inactive PDE2A reestablished the modulatory action of BNP in SHR SG neurons. This suggests that PDE2A may be a key target in modulating the action of BNP to reduce sympathetic hyperactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre and BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Li
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre and BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Guoliang Hao
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre and BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David McCaffary
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre and BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Neely
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre and BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lavinia Woodward
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre and BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Demetris Ioannides
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre and BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chieh-Ju Lu
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre and BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marcella Brescia
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre and BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Manuela Zaccolo
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre and BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Harikrishna Tandri
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Olujimi A Ajijola
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Ardell
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kalyanam Shivkumar
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David J Paterson
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre and BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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16
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Adthapanyawanich K, Nakata H, Iseki S. Expression and localization of phosphodiesterase 2A in the submandibular gland of mice. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 90:91-99. [PMID: 29597062 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Phosphodiesterases comprise a superfamily of enzymes that hydrolyze and inactivate cyclic AMP (cAMP) and/or cyclic GMP (cGMP), thereby regulating cellular signaling mechanisms. We herein investigated the production of phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A) in the mouse submandibular gland. DESIGN The expression and localization of the mRNA and protein of PDE2A were examined in the submandibular gland of male and female mice using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Among the different species of phosphodiesterases examined in the mouse submandibular gland, PDE2A, which hydrolyzes cAMP and cGMP, exhibited a marked sexual difference; it was more abundantly expressed in females. The mRNA and protein signals for PDE2A were intense in all acinar and duct portions, including the striated duct, in females, whereas in males, these signals were markedly weaker in the granular convoluted duct, the counterpart of the female striated duct, than in acini and other duct portions. Furthermore, the signals for protein kinases A and G1, which are intracellular effectors of cAMP and cGMP, respectively, were markedly weaker in the male granular convoluted duct. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that cyclic nucleotide-dependent signaling mechanisms function poorly in granular convoluted duct cells in the mouse submandibular gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannika Adthapanyawanich
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Naresuan University, Pitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Hiroki Nakata
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shoichi Iseki
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
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17
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Ercu M, Klussmann E. Roles of A-Kinase Anchoring Proteins and Phosphodiesterases in the Cardiovascular System. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2018; 5:jcdd5010014. [PMID: 29461511 PMCID: PMC5872362 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd5010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are essential enzymes in the cyclic adenosine 3′-5′ monophosphate (cAMP) signaling cascade. They establish local cAMP pools by controlling the intensity, duration and compartmentalization of cyclic nucleotide-dependent signaling. Various members of the AKAP and PDE families are expressed in the cardiovascular system and direct important processes maintaining homeostatic functioning of the heart and vasculature, e.g., the endothelial barrier function and excitation-contraction coupling. Dysregulation of AKAP and PDE function is associated with pathophysiological conditions in the cardiovascular system including heart failure, hypertension and atherosclerosis. A number of diseases, including autosomal dominant hypertension with brachydactyly (HTNB) and type I long-QT syndrome (LQT1), result from mutations in genes encoding for distinct members of the two classes of enzymes. This review provides an overview over the AKAPs and PDEs relevant for cAMP compartmentalization in the heart and vasculature and discusses their pathophysiological role as well as highlights the potential benefits of targeting these proteins and their protein-protein interactions for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ercu
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin (MDC), Berlin 13125, Germany.
| | - Enno Klussmann
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin (MDC), Berlin 13125, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin 13347, Germany.
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18
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The Role of Phosphodiesterase-2 in Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disorders. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 17:307-347. [PMID: 28956338 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58811-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide PDEs are a super-family of enzymes responsible for regulating intracellular levels of the second messengers cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Through their catalysis, PDEs are able to exert tight regulation over these important intracellular signaling cascades. Previously, PDEs have been implicated in learning and memory, as well as in mood disorders, such as anxiety and depression. PDE2 is of special interest due to its high level of expression in the forebrain, specifically in the isocortex, entorhinal cortex, striatum, hippocampus, amygdala, and medial habenula. Many of these brain regions are considered participants of the limbic system, which is known as the emotional regulatory center of the brain, and is important for modulating emotion and long-term memory. Therefore, PDE2s coincidental expression in these areas suggests an important role for PDE2 in these behaviors, and researchers are continuing to uncover the complex connections. It was shown that PDE2 inhibitors have pro-cognitive effects in tests of memory, including the object recognition test. PDE2 inhibitors are also protective against cognitive deficits in various models of cognitive impairment. Additionally, PDE2 inhibitors are protective against many different forms of stress-induced anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors. Currently, there is a great need for novel therapeutics for the treatment of mood and cognitive disorders, especially anxiety and depression, and other neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, and PDE2 is emerging as a viable target for future drug development for many of these diseases.
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19
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Pavlaki N, Nikolaev VO. Imaging of PDE2- and PDE3-Mediated cGMP-to-cAMP Cross-Talk in Cardiomyocytes. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2018; 5:jcdd5010004. [PMID: 29367582 PMCID: PMC5872352 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd5010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotides 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and 3′,5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) are important second messengers that regulate cardiovascular function and disease by acting in discrete subcellular microdomains. Signaling compartmentation at these locations is often regulated by phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Some PDEs are also involved in the cross-talk between the two second messengers. The purpose of this review is to summarize and highlight recent findings about the role of PDE2 and PDE3 in cardiomyocyte cyclic nucleotide compartmentation and visualization of this process using live cell imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoleta Pavlaki
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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20
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Shafiee-Nick R, Afshari AR, Mousavi SH, Rafighdoust A, Askari VR, Mollazadeh H, Fanoudi S, Mohtashami E, Rahimi VB, Mohebbi M, Vahedi MM. A comprehensive review on the potential therapeutic benefits of phosphodiesterase inhibitors on cardiovascular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:541-556. [PMID: 28779712 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases are a group of enzymes that hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides, which assume a key role in directing intracellular levels of the second messengers' cAMP and cGMP, and consequently cell function. The disclosure of 11 isoenzyme families and our expanded knowledge of their functions at the cell and molecular level stimulate the improvement of isoenzyme selective inhibitors for the treatment of various diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases. Hence, future and new mechanistic investigations and carefully designed clinical trials could help reap additional benefits of natural/synthetic PDE inhibitors for cardiovascular disease in patients. This review has concentrated on the potential therapeutic benefits of phosphodiesterase inhibitors on cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Shafiee-Nick
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir R Afshari
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Hadi Mousavi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbasali Rafighdoust
- Department of Cardiology, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Mollazadeh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Sahar Fanoudi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elmira Mohtashami
- Department of Pharmacodynamic and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Moein Mohebbi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Vahedi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
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21
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Zhang B, Liu C, Yang N, Wang X. A comparative study of changes of autophagy in rat models of CLP versus LPS induced sepsis. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:2194-2200. [PMID: 28962141 PMCID: PMC5609131 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, two different rat models of sepsis, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), were established. Changes in autophagy in both models were compared using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction techniques. Consequently, TEM analysis revealed autophagic bodies in the CLP and LPS sepsis models. In addition, autophagy-related protein LC3 A-specific staining was detected in the cytoplasm. However, analysis of protein and gene expression levels revealed a statistically significant increase in autophagic activity 12 and 24 h following induction of the CLP group, and 2 h following induction of the LPS group. Thus, it was concluded that both models of sepsis exhibited increased autophagic activity of the cardiomyocytes over time. The LPS model was superior to the CLP model in perturbation of molecular biological mechanisms, while the latter would be more likely suited for the study of physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binglun Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Chunfeng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Ni Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Xiangdie Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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22
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Weber S, Zeller M, Guan K, Wunder F, Wagner M, El-Armouche A. PDE2 at the crossway between cAMP and cGMP signalling in the heart. Cell Signal 2017; 38:76-84. [PMID: 28668721 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP are central second messengers in cardiac cells and critical regulators of cardiac physiology as well as pathophysiology. Consequently, subcellular compartmentalization allows for spatiotemporal control of cAMP/cGMP metabolism and subsequent regulation of their respective effector kinases PKA or PKG is most important for cardiac function in health and disease. While acute cAMP-mediated signalling is a mandatory prerequisite for the physiological fight-or-flight response, sustained activation of this pathway may lead to the progression of heart failure. In contrast, acute as well as sustained cGMP-mediated signalling can foster beneficial features, e.g. anti-hypertrophic and vasodilatory effects. These two signalling pathways seem to be intuitively counteracting and there is increasing evidence for a functionally relevant crosstalk between cAMP and cGMP signalling pathways on the level of cyclic nucleotide hydrolysing phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Among this diverse group of enzymes, PDE2 may fulfill a unique integrator role. Equipped with dual substrate specificity for cAMP as well as for cGMP, it is the only cAMP hydrolysing PDE, which is allosterically activated by cGMP. Recent studies have revealed strongly remodelled cAMP/cGMP microdomains and subcellular concentration profiles in different cardiac pathologies, leading to a putatively enhanced involvement of PDE2 in cAMP/cGMP breakdown and crosstalk compared to the other cardiac PDEs. This review sums up the current knowledge about molecular properties and regulation of PDE2 and explains the complex signalling network encompassing PDE2 in order to better understand the functional role of PDE2 in distinct cell types in cardiac health and disease. Moreover, this review gives an outlook in which way PDE2 may serve as a therapeutic target to treat cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Weber
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany.
| | - Miriam Zeller
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Kaomei Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Frank Wunder
- Drug Discovery, Bayer AG, Aprather Weg 18a, Wuppertal 42113, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Ali El-Armouche
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany.
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23
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Matsuda S, Harada K, Ito M, Takizawa M, Wongso D, Tsuboi T, Kitaguchi T. Generation of a cGMP Indicator with an Expanded Dynamic Range by Optimization of Amino Acid Linkers between a Fluorescent Protein and PDE5α. ACS Sens 2017; 2:46-51. [PMID: 28722423 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe the development of a single fluorescent protein (FP)-based cGMP indicator, Green cGull, based on the cGMP binding domain from mouse phosphodiesterase 5α. The dynamic range of Green cGull was enhanced to a 7.5-fold fluorescence change upon cGMP binding by optimization of the amino acid linkers between the cGMP binding domain and FP. Green cGull has excitation and emission peaks at 498 and 522 nm, respectively, and specifically responds to cGMP in a dose-dependent manner. Live cell imaging analysis revealed that addition of a nitric oxide (NO) donor induced different cGMP kinetics and was cell-type dependent. We also found that the NO donor induced an increase of intracellular cGMP, while intracellular Ca2+ exhibited a complex profile, as revealed by dual-color imaging of cGMP and Ca2+. The results suggest that Green cGull sheds new light on understanding the complex interactions between various signaling molecules by multicolor imaging and that our systematic strategy for expanding the dynamic range of single-FP-based indicators is valuable to generate indicators for molecules of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Matsuda
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kazuki Harada
- Department
of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Motoki Ito
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mai Takizawa
- Department
of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Devina Wongso
- Cell
Signaling Group, Waseda Bioscience Research Institute in Singapore (WABIOS), 11 Biopolis Way #05-02 Helios, Singapore 138667, Singapore
| | - Takashi Tsuboi
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department
of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kitaguchi
- Cell
Signaling Group, Waseda Bioscience Research Institute in Singapore (WABIOS), 11 Biopolis Way #05-02 Helios, Singapore 138667, Singapore
- Comprehensive
Research Organization, Waseda University, #304, Block 120-4, 513 Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
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24
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Bedioune I, Bobin P, Leroy J, Fischmeister R, Vandecasteele G. Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases and Compartmentation in Normal and Diseased Heart. MICRODOMAINS IN THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-54579-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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25
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Kurokawa J, Kodama M, Clancy CE, Furukawa T. Sex hormonal regulation of cardiac ion channels in drug-induced QT syndromes. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 168:23-28. [PMID: 27595633 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Female sex is an independent risk factor for development of torsade de pointes (TdP) arrhythmias not only in congenital long QT syndromes but also in acquired long QT syndromes. Clinical and experimental evidences suggest that the gender differences may be due to, at least in part, gender differences in regulation of rate-corrected QT (QTC) interval between men and women. In adult women, both QTC interval and arrhythmic risks in TdP alter cyclically during menstrual cycle, suggesting a critical role of female sex hormones in cardiac repolarization process. These gender differences in fundamental cardiac electrophysiology result from variable ion channel expression and diverse sex hormonal regulation via long term genomic and acute non-genomic actions, and sex differences in drug responses and metabolisms. In particular, non-genomic actions of testosterone and progesterone on cardiac ion channels are likely to contribute to the gender differences in cardiac repolarization processes. This review summarizes current knowledge on sex hormonal regulation of cardiac ion channels which contribute to cardiac repolarization processes and its implication for gender differences in drug-induced long QT syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Kurokawa
- Department of Bio-Informational Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masami Kodama
- Department of Bio-Informational Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Colleen E Clancy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Tetsushi Furukawa
- Department of Bio-Informational Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Bobin P, Belacel-Ouari M, Bedioune I, Zhang L, Leroy J, Leblais V, Fischmeister R, Vandecasteele G. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases in heart and vessels: A therapeutic perspective. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 109:431-43. [PMID: 27184830 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) degrade the second messengers cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), thereby regulating multiple aspects of cardiac and vascular muscle functions. This highly diverse class of enzymes encoded by 21 genes encompasses 11 families that are not only responsible for the termination of cyclic nucleotide signalling, but are also involved in the generation of dynamic microdomains of cAMP and cGMP, controlling specific cell functions in response to various neurohormonal stimuli. In the myocardium and vascular smooth muscle, the PDE3 and PDE4 families predominate, degrading cAMP and thereby regulating cardiac excitation-contraction coupling and smooth muscle contractile tone. PDE3 inhibitors are positive inotropes and vasodilators in humans, but their use is limited to acute heart failure and intermittent claudication. PDE5 is particularly important for the degradation of cGMP in vascular smooth muscle, and PDE5 inhibitors are used to treat erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. There is experimental evidence that these PDEs, as well as other PDE families, including PDE1, PDE2 and PDE9, may play important roles in cardiac diseases, such as hypertrophy and heart failure, as well as several vascular diseases. After a brief presentation of the cyclic nucleotide pathways in cardiac and vascular cells, and the major characteristics of the PDE superfamily, this review will focus on the current use of PDE inhibitors in cardiovascular diseases, and the recent research developments that could lead to better exploitation of the therapeutic potential of these enzymes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bobin
- UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Milia Belacel-Ouari
- UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Ibrahim Bedioune
- UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Liang Zhang
- UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Jérôme Leroy
- UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Véronique Leblais
- UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Rodolphe Fischmeister
- UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Grégoire Vandecasteele
- UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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27
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Boularan C, Gales C. Cardiac cAMP: production, hydrolysis, modulation and detection. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:203. [PMID: 26483685 PMCID: PMC4589651 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) modulates a broad range of biological processes including the regulation of cardiac myocyte contractile function where it constitutes the main second messenger for β-adrenergic receptors' signaling to fulfill positive chronotropic, inotropic and lusitropic effects. A growing number of studies pinpoint the role of spatial organization of the cAMP signaling as an essential mechanism to regulate cAMP outcomes in cardiac physiology. Here, we will briefly discuss the complexity of cAMP synthesis and degradation in the cardiac context, describe the way to detect it and review the main pharmacological arsenal to modulate its availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Boularan
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1048, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Gales
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1048, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier Toulouse, France
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28
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MOUBARAK M, MAGAUD C, SALIBA Y, CHATELIER A, BOIS P, FAIVRE JF, FARÈS N. Effects of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide on Rat Ventricular Fibroblasts During Differentiation Into Myofibroblasts. Physiol Res 2015; 64:495-503. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide antifibrotic properties are mainly described in cardiac myocytes or in induced cardiac myofibroblasts (Angiotensin II or TGF-β induced differentiation). In the present work, we investigate the effects of ANP/NPRA/cGMP system in modulating rat cardiac fibroblasts function. Cardiac fibroblasts were isolated from adult Wistar male rats and cultured in the presence of serum in order to induce fibroblasts differentiation. Cultures were then treated with ANP (1 µM), 8-Br-cGMP (100 µM) or IBMX (100 µM), a non-specific phosphodiesterases inhibitor. ANP significantly decreased proliferation rate and collagen secretion. Its effect was mimicked by the cGMP analog, while combining ANP with 8-Br-cGMP did not lead to additional effects. Moreover intracellular cGMP levels were elevated when cells were incubated with ANP confirming that ANP intracellular pathway is mediated by cGMP. Additionally, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence were used to confirm the presence of guanylyl cyclase specific natriuretic peptide receptors A and B. Finally we scanned specific cGMP dependent PDEs via RT-qPCR, and noticed that inhibiting all PDEs led to an important decrease in proliferation rate. Effect of ANP became more prominent after 10 culture days, confirming the importance of ANP in fibroblasts to myofibroblasts differentiation. Uncovering cellular aspects of ANP/NPRA/cGMP signaling system provided more elements to help understand cardiac fibrotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - N. FARÈS
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Physiologie et Physiopathologie, Pôle Technologie Santé, Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint Joseph, Beyrouth, Liban
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29
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Schlüter KD, Schulz R, Schreckenberg R. Arginase induction and activation during ischemia and reperfusion and functional consequences for the heart. Front Physiol 2015. [DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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30
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Schlüter KD, Schulz R, Schreckenberg R. Arginase induction and activation during ischemia and reperfusion and functional consequences for the heart. Front Physiol 2015; 6:65. [PMID: 25814956 PMCID: PMC4356066 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction and activation of arginase is among the fastest responses of the heart to ischemic events. Induction of arginase expression and enzyme activation under ischemic conditions shifts arginine consumption from nitric oxide formation (NO) to the formation of ornithine and urea. In the heart such a switch in substrate utilization reduces the impact of the NO/cGMP-pathway on cardiac function that requires intact electromechanical coupling but at the same time it induces ornithine-dependent pathways such as the polyamine metabolism. Both effects significantly reduce the recovery of heart function during reperfusion and thereby limits the success of reperfusion strategies. In this context, changes in arginine consumption trigger cardiac remodeling in an unfavorable way and increases the risk of arrhythmia, specifically in the initial post-ischemic period in which arginase activity is dominating. However, during the entire ischemic period arginase activation might be a meaningful adaptation that is specifically relevant for reperfusion following prolonged ischemic periods. Therefore, a precise understanding about the underlying mechanism that leads to arginase induction as well as of it's mechanistic impact on post-ischemic hearts is required for optimizing reperfusion strategies. In this review we will summarize our current understanding of these processes and give an outlook about possible treatment options for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Univiersität Giessen Giessen, Germany
| | - Rolf Schreckenberg
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Univiersität Giessen Giessen, Germany
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31
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Soler F, Fernández-Belda F, Pérez-Schindler J, Handschin C, Fuente T, Hernandez-Cascales J. PDE2 activity differs in right and left rat ventricular myocardium and differentially regulates β2 adrenoceptor-mediated effects. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 240:1205-13. [PMID: 25432985 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214560969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The important regulator of cardiac function, cAMP, is hydrolyzed by different cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs), whose expression and activity are not uniform throughout the heart. Of these enzymes, PDE2 shapes β1 adrenoceptor-dependent cardiac cAMP signaling, both in the right and left ventricular myocardium, but its role in regulating β2 adrenoceptor-mediated responses is less well known. Our aim was to investigate possible differences in PDE2 transcription and activity between right (RV) and left (LV) rat ventricular myocardium, as well as its role in regulating β2 adrenoceptor effects. The free walls of the RV and the LV were obtained from Sprague-Dawley rat hearts. Relative mRNA for PDE2 (quantified by qPCR) and PDE2 activity (evaluated by a colorimetric procedure and using the PDE2 inhibitor EHNA) were determined in RV and LV. Also, β2 adrenoceptor-mediated effects (β2-adrenoceptor agonist salbutamol + β1 adrenoceptor antagonist CGP-20712A) on contractility and cAMP concentrations, in the absence or presence of EHNA, were studied in the RV and LV. PDE2 transcript levels were less abundant in RV than in LV and the contribution of PDE2 to the total PDE activity was around 25% lower in the microsomal fraction of the RV compared with the LV. β2 adrenoceptor activation increased inotropy and cAMP levels in the LV when measured in the presence of EHNA, but no such effects were observed in the RV, either in the presence or absence of EHNA. These results indicate interventricular differences in PDE2 transcript and activity levels, which may distinctly regulate β2 adrenoceptor-mediated contractility and cAMP concentrations in the RV and in the LV of the rat heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Soler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology A, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Christoph Handschin
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Teodomiro Fuente
- Unit of Radiopharmacy, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
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32
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Morton D, Reed L, Huang W, Marcek JM, Austin-LaFrance R, Northcott CA, Schelling SH, Enerson BE, Tomlinson L. Toxicity of Hydroxyurea in Rats and Dogs. Toxicol Pathol 2014; 43:498-512. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623314559103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The toxicity of hydroxyurea, a treatment for specific neoplasms, sickle-cell disease, polycythemia, and thrombocytosis that kills cells in mitosis, was assessed in repeat-dose, oral gavage studies in rats and dogs and a cardiovascular study in telemetered dogs. Hydroxyurea produced hematopoietic, lymphoid, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal toxicity with steep dose response curves. In rats dosed for 10 days, 50 mg/kg/day was tolerated; 500 mg/kg/day produced decreased body weight gain; decreased circulating leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets; decreased cellularity of thymus, lymph nodes, and bone marrow; and epithelial degeneration and/or dysplasia of the stomach and small intestine; 1,500 mg/kg/day resulted in deaths on day 5. In dogs, a single dose at ≥250 mg/kg caused prostration leading to unscheduled euthanasia. Dogs administered 50 mg/kg/day for 1 month had decreased circulating leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets; increased bone marrow cellularity with decreased maturing granulocytes; increased creatinine kinase activity; and increased iron pigment in bone marrow and hepatic sinusoidal cells. In telemetered dogs, doses ≥15 mg/kg decreased systolic blood pressure (BP); 50 mg/kg increased diastolic BP, heart rate, and change in blood pressure over time (+d P/d t), and decreased QT and PR intervals and maximum left ventricular systolic and end diastolic pressures with measures returning to control levels within 24 hr.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lori Reed
- Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts, USA
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Badalzadeh R, Yousefi B, Majidinia M, Ebrahimi H. Anti-arrhythmic effect of diosgenin in reperfusion-induced myocardial injury in a rat model: activation of nitric oxide system and mitochondrial KATP channel. J Physiol Sci 2014; 64:393-400. [PMID: 25150984 PMCID: PMC10717021 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-014-0333-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the anti-arrhythmic effect of diosgenin preconditioning in myocardial reperfusion injury in rat, focusing on the involvement of the nitric oxide (NO) system and mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium (mitoKATP) channels in this scenario. After isolation of the hearts of male Wister rats, the study was conducted in an isolated buffer-perfused heart model. Global ischemia (for 30 min) was induced by interruption of the aortic supply, which was followed by 90-min reperfusion. Throughout the experiment, the electrocardiograms of hearts were monitored using three golden surface electrodes connected to a data acquisition system. Arrhythmias were assessed based on the Lambeth convention and were categorized as number, duration and incidence of ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF), and premature ventricular complexes (PVC), and arrhythmic score. Additionally, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in coronary effluent were estimated colorimetrically. Diosgenin pre-administration for 20 min before ischemia reduced the LDH release into the coronary effluent, as compared with control hearts (P < 0.05). In addition, the diosgenin-receiving group showed a lower number of PVC, VT and VF, a reduced duration and incidence of VT and VF, and less severe arrhythmia at reperfusion phase, in comparison with controls. Blocking the mitoKATP channels using 5-hydroxydecanoate as well as inhibiting the NO system through prior administration of L-NAME significantly reduced the positive effects of diosgenin. Our finding showed that pre-administration of diosgenin could provide cardioprotection through anti-arrhythmic effects against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in isolated rat hearts. In addition, mitoKATP channels and NO system may be the key players in diosgenin-induced cardioprotective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Badalzadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Students’ Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Students’ Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Ebrahimi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Gonano LA, Morell M, Burgos JI, Dulce RA, De Giusti VC, Aiello EA, Hare JM, Vila Petroff M. Hypotonic swelling promotes nitric oxide release in cardiac ventricular myocytes: impact on swelling-induced negative inotropic effect. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 104:456-66. [PMID: 25344365 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cardiomyocyte swelling occurs in multiple pathological situations and has been associated with contractile dysfunction, cell death, and enhanced propensity to arrhythmias. We investigate whether hypotonic swelling promotes nitric oxide (NO) release in cardiomyocytes, and whether it impacts on swelling-induced contractile dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS Superfusing rat cardiomyocytes with a hypotonic solution (HS; 217 mOsm), increased cell volume, reduced myocyte contraction and Ca(2+) transient, and increased NO-sensitive 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein diacetate (DAF-FM) fluorescence. When cells were exposed to HS + 2.5 mM of the NO synthase inhibitor l-NAME, cell swelling occurred in the absence of NO release. Swelling-induced NO release was also prevented by the nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1) inhibitor, nitroguanidine, and significantly reduced in NOS1 knockout mice. Additionally, colchicine (inhibitor of microtubule polymerization) prevented the increase in DAF-FM fluorescence induced by HS, indicating that microtubule integrity is necessary for swelling-induced NO release. The swelling-induced negative inotropic effect was exacerbated in the presence of either l-NAME, nitroguandine, the guanylate cyclase inhibitor, ODQ, or the PKG inhibitor, KT5823, suggesting that NOS1-derived NO provides contractile support via a cGMP/PKG-dependent mechanism. Indeed, ODQ reduced Ca(2+) wave velocity and both ODQ and KT5823 reduced the HS-induced increment in ryanodine receptor (RyR2, Ser2808) phosphorylation, suggesting that in this context, cGMP/PKG may contribute to preserve contractile function by enhancing sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) release. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a novel mechanism for NO release in cardiomyocytes with putative pathophysiological relevance determined, at least in part, by its capability to reduce the extent of contractile dysfunction associated with hypotonic swelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto Gonano
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CONICET La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 60 y 120, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Malena Morell
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CONICET La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 60 y 120, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Juan Ignacio Burgos
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CONICET La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 60 y 120, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Raul Ariel Dulce
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Verónica Celeste De Giusti
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CONICET La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 60 y 120, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Ernesto Alejandro Aiello
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CONICET La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 60 y 120, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Joshua Michael Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Martin Vila Petroff
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CONICET La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 60 y 120, La Plata 1900, Argentina
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35
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Chang JP, Sawisky GR, Davis PJ, Pemberton JG, Rieger AM, Barreda DR. Relationship between nitric oxide- and calcium-dependent signal transduction pathways in growth hormone release from dispersed goldfish pituitary cells. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 206:118-29. [PMID: 25038498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and Ca(2+) are two of the many intracellular signal transduction pathways mediating the control of growth hormone (GH) secretion from somatotropes by neuroendocrine factors. We have previously shown that the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) elicits Ca(2+) signals in identified goldfish somatotropes. In this study, we examined the relationships between NO- and Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction mechanisms in GH secretion from primary cultures of dispersed goldfish pituitary cells. Morphologically identified goldfish somatotropes stained positively for an NO-sensitive dye indicating they may be a source of NO production. In 2h static incubation experiments, GH release responses to the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-d,l-penicillamine (SNAP) were attenuated by CoCl2, nifedipine, verapamil, TMB-8, BHQ, and KN62. In column perifusion experiments, the ability of SNP to induce GH release was impaired in the presence of TMB-8, BHQ, caffeine, and thapsigargin, but not ryanodine. Caffeine-elicited GH secretion was not affected by the NO scavenger PTIO. These results suggest that NO-stimulated GH release is dependent on extracellular Ca(2+) availability and voltage-sensitive Ca(2+) channels, as well as intracellular Ca(2+) store(s) that possess BHQ- and/or thapsigargin-inhibited sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPases, as well as TMB-8- and/or caffeine-sensitive, but not ryanodine-sensitive, Ca(2+)-release channels. Calmodulin kinase-II also likely participates in NO-elicited GH secretion but caffeine-induced GH release is not upstream of NO production. These findings provide insights into how NO actions many integrate with Ca(2+)-dependent signalling mechanisms in goldfish somatotropes and how such interactions may participate in the GH-releasing actions of regulators that utilize both NO- and Ca(2+)-dependent transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada.
| | - Grant R Sawisky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Philip J Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Joshua G Pemberton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Aja M Rieger
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Daniel R Barreda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada; Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
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Simvastatin attenuates the oxidative stress, endothelial thrombogenicity and the inducibility of atrial fibrillation in a rat model of ischemic heart failure. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:14803-18. [PMID: 25153633 PMCID: PMC4159883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150814803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased atrial oxidative stress has an important role in inducing and maintaining atrial fibrillation (AF), and the activation of the small GTPase Rac1 contributes to the oxidative stress. We investigated the relationship of Rac1, atrial endothelial thromboprotective markers and AF inducibility and if simvastatin has a potential beneficial effect on a myocardial infarction (MI)-induced heart failure (HF) rat model. Rats were randomized into three groups (shams, MI group and simvastatin treatment group) and underwent echocardiography, AF induction studies and left atrial (LA) fibrosis analysis. Atrial Rac 1, sodium calcium exchanger (INCX), sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were measured. AF inducibility, AF duration and LA fibrosis were significantly higher in the MI group (p < 0.001 vs. sham), which were significantly reduced by simvastatin (p < 0.05 vs. MI). The reduced expressions of atrial eNOS, SERCA, thrombomodulin, tissue factor pathway inhibitor and tissue plasminogen activator in the MI group were significantly improved by simvastatin. Furthermore, the increased expression of atrial iNOS, INCX and Rac1 activity were significantly decreased by the simvastatin. Oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and thrombogenicity are associated with the promotion of AF in a rat model of ischemic HF. These were associated with increased Rac1 activity, and simvastatin treatment prevents these changes.
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Roles of cGMP-dependent protein kinase I (cGKI) and PDE5 in the regulation of Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:12925-9. [PMID: 25139994 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1414364111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Conflicting results have been reported for the roles of cGMP and cGMP-dependent protein kinase I (cGKI) in various pathological conditions leading to cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. A cardioprotective effect of cGMP/cGKI has been reported in whole animals and isolated cardiomyocytes, but recent evidence from a mouse model expressing cGKIβ only in smooth muscle (βRM) but not in cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, or fibroblasts has forced a reevaluation of the requirement for cGKI activity in the cardiomyocyte antihypertrophic effects of cGMP. In particular, βRM mice developed the same hypertrophy as WT controls when subjected to thoracic aortic constriction or isoproterenol infusion. Here, we challenged βRM and WT (Ctr) littermate control mice with angiotensin II (AII) infusion (7 d; 2 mg ⋅ kg(-1) ⋅ d(-1)) to induce hypertrophy. Both genotypes developed cardiac hypertrophy, which was more pronounced in Ctr animals. Cardiomyocyte size and interstitial fibrosis were increased equally in both genotypes. Addition of sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, in the drinking water had a small effect in reducing myocyte hypertrophy in WT mice and no effect in βRM mice. However, sildenafil substantially blocked the increase in collagen I, fibronectin 1, TGFβ, and CTGF mRNA in Ctr but not in βRM hearts. These data indicate that, for the initial phase of AII-induced cardiac hypertrophy, lack of cardiomyocyte cGKI activity does not worsen hypertrophic growth. However, expression of cGKI in one or more cell types other than smooth muscle is necessary to allow the antifibrotic effect of sildenafil.
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Walther S, Pluteanu F, Renz S, Nikonova Y, Maxwell JT, Yang LZ, Schmidt K, Edwards JN, Wakula P, Groschner K, Maier LS, Spiess J, Blatter LA, Pieske B, Kockskämper J. Urocortin 2 stimulates nitric oxide production in ventricular myocytes via Akt- and PKA-mediated phosphorylation of eNOS at serine 1177. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H689-700. [PMID: 25015964 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00694.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Urocortin 2 (Ucn2) is a cardioactive peptide exhibiting beneficial effects in normal and failing heart. In cardiomyocytes, it elicits cAMP- and Ca(2+)-dependent positive inotropic and lusitropic effects. We tested the hypothesis that, in addition, Ucn2 activates cardiac nitric oxide (NO) signaling and elucidated the underlying signaling pathways and mechanisms. In isolated rabbit ventricular myocytes, Ucn2 caused concentration- and time-dependent increases in phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473, Thr308), endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) (Ser1177), and ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204). ERK1/2 phosphorylation, but not Akt and eNOS phosphorylation, was suppressed by inhibition of MEK1/2. Increased Akt phosphorylation resulted in increased Akt kinase activity and was mediated by corticotropin-releasing factor 2 (CRF2) receptors (astressin-2B sensitive). Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) diminished both Akt as well as eNOS phosphorylation mediated by Ucn2. Inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA) reduced Ucn2-induced phosphorylation of eNOS but did not affect the increase in phosphorylation of Akt. Conversely, direct receptor-independent elevation of cAMP via forskolin increased phosphorylation of eNOS but not of Akt. Ucn2 increased intracellular NO concentration ([NO]i), [cGMP], [cAMP], and cell shortening. Inhibition of eNOS suppressed the increases in [NO]i and cell shortening. When both PI3K-Akt and cAMP-PKA signaling were inhibited, the Ucn2-induced increases in [NO]i and cell shortening were attenuated. Thus, in rabbit ventricular myocytes, Ucn2 causes activation of cAMP-PKA, PI3K-Akt, and MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling. The MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway is not required for stimulation of NO signaling in these cells. The other two pathways, cAMP-PKA and PI3K-Akt, converge on eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177 and result in pronounced and sustained cellular NO production with subsequent stimulation of cGMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Walther
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Florentina Pluteanu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Biochemical and Pharmacological Centre Marburg, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Renz
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yulia Nikonova
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Biochemical and Pharmacological Centre Marburg, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Joshua T Maxwell
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Li-Zhen Yang
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Group of the Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany, and Specialized Neuroscience Research Program 2, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kurt Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Karl-Franzens-University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Joshua N Edwards
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Paulina Wakula
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Klaus Groschner
- Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institute for Translational Heart Failure Research, Graz, Austria; Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lars S Maier
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Clinic and Policlinic for Internal Medicine II, University Clinics Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; and
| | - Joachim Spiess
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Group of the Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany, and Specialized Neuroscience Research Program 2, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii; Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Lothar A Blatter
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institute for Translational Heart Failure Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Jens Kockskämper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Biochemical and Pharmacological Centre Marburg, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany;
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Cyclic AMP synthesis and hydrolysis in the normal and failing heart. Pflugers Arch 2014; 466:1163-75. [PMID: 24756197 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1515-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic AMP regulates a multitude of cellular responses and orchestrates a network of intracellular events. In the heart, cAMP is the main second messenger of the β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) pathway producing positive chronotropic, inotropic, and lusitropic effects during sympathetic stimulation. Whereas short-term stimulation of β-AR/cAMP is beneficial for the heart, chronic activation of this pathway triggers pathological cardiac remodeling, which may ultimately lead to heart failure (HF). Cyclic AMP is controlled by two families of enzymes with opposite actions: adenylyl cyclases, which control cAMP production and phosphodiesterases, which control its degradation. The large number of families and isoforms of these enzymes, their different localization within the cell, and their organization in macromolecular complexes leads to a high level of compartmentation, both in space and time, of cAMP signaling in cardiac myocytes. Here, we review the expression level, molecular characteristics, functional properties, and roles of the different adenylyl cyclase and phosphodiesterase families expressed in heart muscle and the changes that occur in cardiac hypertrophy and failure.
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Therapeutic potential of PDE modulation in treating heart disease. Future Med Chem 2014; 5:1607-20. [PMID: 24047267 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.13.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered cyclic nucleotide-mediated signaling plays a critical role in the development of cardiovascular pathology. By degrading cAMP/cGMP, the action of cyclic nucleotide PDEs is essential for controlling cyclic nucleotide-mediated signaling intensity, duration, and specificity. Altered expression, localization and action of PDEs have all been implicated in causing changes in cyclic nucleotide signaling in cardiovascular disease. Accordingly, pharmacological inhibition of PDEs has gained interest as a treatment strategy and as an area of drug development. While targeting of certain PDEs has the potential to ameliorate cardiovascular disease, inhibition of others might actually worsen it. This review will highlight recent research on the physiopathological role of cyclic nucleotide signaling, especially with regard to PDEs. While the physiological roles and biochemical properties of cardiovascular PDEs will be summarized, the primary emphasis will be pathological. Research into the potential benefits and hazards of PDE inhibition will also be discussed.
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Recent insights in the paracrine modulation of cardiomyocyte contractility by cardiac endothelial cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:923805. [PMID: 24745027 PMCID: PMC3972907 DOI: 10.1155/2014/923805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac endothelium is formed by a continuous monolayer of cells that line the cavity of the heart (endocardial endothelial cells (EECs)) and the luminal surface of the myocardial blood vessels (intramyocardial capillary endothelial cells (IMCEs)). EECs and IMCEs can exercise substantial control over the contractility of cardiomyocytes by releasing various factors such as nitric oxide (NO) via a constitutive endothelial NO-synthase (eNOS), endothelin-1, prostaglandins, angiotensin II, peptide growth factors, and neuregulin-1. The purpose of the present paper is actually to shortly review recent new information concerning cardiomyocytes as effectors of endothelium paracrine signaling, focusing particularly on contractile function. The modes of action and the regulatory paracrine role of the main mediators delivered by cardiac endothelial cells upon cardiac contractility identified in cardiomyocytes are complex and not fully described. Thus, careful evaluation of new therapeutic approaches is required targeting important physiological signaling pathways, some of which have been until recently considered as deleterious, like reactive oxygen species. Future works in the field of cardiac endothelial cells and cardiac function will help to better understand the implication of these mediators in cardiac physiopathology.
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Hofmann F, Flockerzi V, Kahl S, Wegener JW. L-type CaV1.2 calcium channels: from in vitro findings to in vivo function. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:303-26. [PMID: 24382889 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00016.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The L-type Cav1.2 calcium channel is present throughout the animal kingdom and is essential for some aspects of CNS function, cardiac and smooth muscle contractility, neuroendocrine regulation, and multiple other processes. The L-type CaV1.2 channel is built by up to four subunits; all subunits exist in various splice variants that potentially affect the biophysical and biological functions of the channel. Many of the CaV1.2 channel properties have been analyzed in heterologous expression systems including regulation of the L-type CaV1.2 channel by Ca(2+) itself and protein kinases. However, targeted mutations of the calcium channel genes confirmed only some of these in vitro findings. Substitution of the respective serines by alanine showed that β-adrenergic upregulation of the cardiac CaV1.2 channel did not depend on the phosphorylation of the in vitro specified amino acids. Moreover, well-established in vitro phosphorylation sites of the CaVβ2 subunit of the cardiac L-type CaV1.2 channel were found to be irrelevant for the in vivo regulation of the channel. However, the molecular basis of some kinetic properties, such as Ca(2+)-dependent inactivation and facilitation, has been approved by in vivo mutagenesis of the CaV1.2α1 gene. This article summarizes recent findings on the in vivo relevance of well-established in vitro results.
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I(f) blocking potency of ivabradine is preserved under elevated endotoxin levels in human atrial myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 72:64-73. [PMID: 24583250 PMCID: PMC4046244 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lower heart rate is associated with better survival in patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), a disease mostly caused by sepsis. The benefits of heart rate reduction by ivabradine during MODS are currently being investigated in the MODIfY clinical trial. Ivabradine is a selective inhibitor of the pacemaker current If and since If is impaired by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin), a trigger of sepsis, we aimed to explore If blocking potency of ivabradine under elevated endotoxin levels in human atrial cardiomyocytes. Treatment of myocytes with S-LPS (containing the lipid A moiety, a core oligosaccharide and an O-polysaccharide chain) but not R595 (an O-chain lacking LPS-form) caused If inhibition under acute and chronic septic conditions. The specific interaction of S-LPS but not R595 to pacemaker channels HCN2 and HCN4 proves the necessity of O-chain for S-LPS–HCN interaction. The efficacy of ivabradine to block If was reduced under septic conditions, an observation that correlated with lower intracellular ivabradine concentrations in S-LPS- but not R595-treated cardiomyocytes. Computational analysis using a sinoatrial pacemaker cell model revealed that despite a reduction of If under septic conditions, ivabradine further decelerated pacemaking activity. This novel finding, i.e. If inhibition by ivabradine under elevated endotoxin levels in vitro, may provide a molecular understanding for the efficacy of this drug on heart rate reduction under septic conditions in vivo, e.g. the MODIfY clinical trial. S-LPS impairs If via interaction of its O-chain to HCN channels. Efficacy of ivabradine for If blockage is reduced under elevated endotoxin levels. S-LPS reduces intracellular ivabradine concentrations. Ivabradine is efficient to decelerate sinoatrial pacemaking activity under septic conditions in silico.
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Hobai IA, Buys ES, Morse JC, Edgecomb J, Weiss EH, Armoundas AA, Hou X, Khandelwal AR, Siwik DA, Brouckaert P, Cohen RA, Colucci WS. SERCA Cys674 sulphonylation and inhibition of L-type Ca2+ influx contribute to cardiac dysfunction in endotoxemic mice, independent of cGMP synthesis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 305:H1189-200. [PMID: 23934853 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00392.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to identify the cellular mechanisms responsible for cardiac dysfunction in endotoxemic mice. We aimed to differentiate the roles of cGMP [produced by soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC)] versus oxidative posttranslational modifications of Ca(2+) transporters. C57BL/6 mice [wild-type (WT) mice] were administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 25 μg/g ip) and euthanized 12 h later. Cardiomyocyte sarcomere shortening and Ca(2+) transients (ΔCai) were depressed in LPS-challenged mice versus baseline. The time constant of Ca(2+) decay (τCa) was prolonged, and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) load (CaSR) was depressed in LPS-challenged mice (vs. baseline), indicating decreased activity of sarco(endo)plasmic Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA). L-type Ca(2+) channel current (ICa,L) was also decreased after LPS challenge, whereas Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange activity, ryanodine receptors leak flux, or myofilament sensitivity for Ca(2+) were unchanged. All Ca(2+)-handling abnormalities induced by LPS (the decrease in sarcomere shortening, ΔCai, CaSR, ICa,L, and τCa prolongation) were more pronounced in mice deficient in the sGC main isoform (sGCα1(-/-) mice) versus WT mice. LPS did not alter the protein expression of SERCA and phospholamban in either genotype. After LPS, phospholamban phosphorylation at Ser(16) and Thr(17) was unchanged in WT mice and was increased in sGCα1(-/-) mice. LPS caused sulphonylation of SERCA Cys(674) (as measured immunohistochemically and supported by iodoacetamide labeling), which was greater in sGCα1(-/-) versus WT mice. Taken together, these results suggest that cardiac Ca(2+) dysregulation in endotoxemic mice is mediated by a decrease in L-type Ca(2+) channel function and oxidative posttranslational modifications of SERCA Cys(674), with the latter (at least) being opposed by sGC-released cGMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion A Hobai
- Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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Wang Y, Tandan S, Hill JA. Calcineurin-dependent ion channel regulation in heart. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2013; 24:14-22. [PMID: 23809405 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Calcineurin, a serine-threonine-specific, Ca(2+)-calmodulin-activated protein phosphatase, conserved from yeast to humans, plays a key role in regulating cardiac development, hypertrophy, and pathological remodeling. Recent studies demonstrate that calcineurin regulates cardiomyocyte ion channels and receptors in a manner which often entails direct interaction with these target proteins. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of calcineurin-mediated regulation of ion channels in the myocardium with emphasis on the transient outward potassium current (Ito) and L-type calcium current (ICa,L). We go on to discuss unanswered questions that surround these observations and provide perspective on future directions in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanggan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Samvit Tandan
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Abstract
cGMP-dependent protein kinases (cGK) are serine/threonine kinases that are widely distributed in eukaryotes. Two genes-prkg1 and prkg2-code for cGKs, namely, cGKI and cGKII. In mammals, two isozymes, cGKIα and cGKIβ, are generated from the prkg1 gene. The cGKI isozymes are prominent in all types of smooth muscle, platelets, and specific neuronal areas such as cerebellar Purkinje cells, hippocampal neurons, and the lateral amygdala. The cGKII prevails in the secretory epithelium of the small intestine, the juxtaglomerular cells, the adrenal cortex, the chondrocytes, and in the nucleus suprachiasmaticus. Both cGKs are major downstream effectors of many, but not all, signalling events of the NO/cGMP and the ANP/cGMP pathways. cGKI relaxes smooth muscle tone and prevents platelet aggregation, whereas cGKII inhibits renin secretion, chloride/water secretion in the small intestine, the resetting of the clock during early night, and endochondral bone growth. This chapter focuses on the involvement of cGKs in cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular processes including cell growth and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Hofmann
- FOR 923, Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Kurokawa J, Furukawa T. Non-genomic Action of Sex Steroid Hormones and Cardiac Repolarization. Biol Pharm Bull 2013; 36:8-12. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b212021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junko Kurokawa
- Department of Bio-informational Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Tetsushi Furukawa
- Department of Bio-informational Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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Lee DI, Kass DA. Phosphodiesterases and cyclic GMP regulation in heart muscle. Physiology (Bethesda) 2012; 27:248-58. [PMID: 22875455 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00011.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cyclic nucleotide cGMP and its corresponding activated kinase cGK-1 serve as a counterbalance to acute and chronic myocardial stress. cGMP hydrolysis by several members of the phosphodiesterase (PDE) superfamily, PDE1, PDE2, and PDE5, regulate this signaling in the heart. This review details new insights regarding how these PDEs modulate cGMP and cGK-1 to influence heart function and chronic stress responses, and how their inhibition may provide potential therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong I Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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50
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Abstract
The second messengers cAMP and cGMP exist in multiple discrete compartments and regulate a variety of biological processes in the heart. The cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, by catalyzing the hydrolysis of cAMP and cGMP, play crucial roles in controlling the amplitude, duration, and compartmentalization of cyclic nucleotide signaling. Over 60 phosphodiesterase isoforms, grouped into 11 families, have been discovered to date. In the heart, both cAMP- and cGMP-hydrolyzing phosphodiesterases play important roles in physiology and pathology. At least 7 of the 11 phosphodiesterase family members appear to be expressed in the myocardium, and evidence supports phosphodiesterase involvement in regulation of many processes important for normal cardiac function including pacemaking and contractility, as well as many pathological processes including remodeling and myocyte apoptosis. Pharmacological inhibitors for a number of phosphodiesterase families have also been used clinically or preclinically to treat several types of cardiovascular disease. In addition, phosphodiesterase inhibitors are also being considered for treatment of many forms of disease outside the cardiovascular system, raising the possibility of cardiovascular side effects of such agents. This review will discuss the roles of phosphodiesterases in the heart, in terms of expression patterns, regulation, and involvement in physiological and pathological functions. Additionally, the cardiac effects of various phosphodiesterase inhibitors, both potentially beneficial and detrimental, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. E. Knight
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - C. Yan
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
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