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Yin X, Bose D, Kwon A, Hanks SC, Jackson AU, Stringham HM, Welch R, Oravilahti A, Fernandes Silva L, Locke AE, Fuchsberger C, Service SK, Erdos MR, Bonnycastle LL, Kuusisto J, Stitziel NO, Hall IM, Morrison J, Ripatti S, Palotie A, Freimer NB, Collins FS, Mohlke KL, Scott LJ, Fauman EB, Burant C, Boehnke M, Laakso M, Wen X. Integrating transcriptomics, metabolomics, and GWAS helps reveal molecular mechanisms for metabolite levels and disease risk. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:1727-1741. [PMID: 36055244 PMCID: PMC9606383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptomics data have been integrated with genome-wide association studies (GWASs) to help understand disease/trait molecular mechanisms. The utility of metabolomics, integrated with transcriptomics and disease GWASs, to understand molecular mechanisms for metabolite levels or diseases has not been thoroughly evaluated. We performed probabilistic transcriptome-wide association and locus-level colocalization analyses to integrate transcriptomics results for 49 tissues in 706 individuals from the GTEx project, metabolomics results for 1,391 plasma metabolites in 6,136 Finnish men from the METSIM study, and GWAS results for 2,861 disease traits in 260,405 Finnish individuals from the FinnGen study. We found that genetic variants that regulate metabolite levels were more likely to influence gene expression and disease risk compared to the ones that do not. Integrating transcriptomics with metabolomics results prioritized 397 genes for 521 metabolites, including 496 previously identified gene-metabolite pairs with strong functional connections and suggested 33.3% of such gene-metabolite pairs shared the same causal variants with genetic associations of gene expression. Integrating transcriptomics and metabolomics individually with FinnGen GWAS results identified 1,597 genes for 790 disease traits. Integrating transcriptomics and metabolomics jointly with FinnGen GWAS results helped pinpoint metabolic pathways from genes to diseases. We identified putative causal effects of UGT1A1/UGT1A4 expression on gallbladder disorders through regulating plasma (E,E)-bilirubin levels, of SLC22A5 expression on nasal polyps and plasma carnitine levels through distinct pathways, and of LIPC expression on age-related macular degeneration through glycerophospholipid metabolic pathways. Our study highlights the power of integrating multiple sets of molecular traits and GWAS results to deepen understanding of disease pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyong Yin
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Debraj Bose
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Annie Kwon
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sarah C Hanks
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anne U Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Heather M Stringham
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ryan Welch
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anniina Oravilahti
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Lilian Fernandes Silva
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Adam E Locke
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano 39100, Italy
| | - Susan K Service
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Michael R Erdos
- Molecular Genetics Section, Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lori L Bonnycastle
- Molecular Genetics Section, Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70210, Finland; Center for Medicine and Clinical Research, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Nathan O Stitziel
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63108, USA; Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ira M Hall
- Center for Genomic Health, Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jean Morrison
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Department of Neurology, and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nelson B Freimer
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Francis S Collins
- Molecular Genetics Section, Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Laura J Scott
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Eric B Fauman
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Charles Burant
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70210, Finland.
| | - Xiaoquan Wen
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Fei C, Ji D, Tong H, Li Y, Su L, Qin Y, Bian Z, Zhang W, Mao C, Li L, Lu T. Therapeutic mechanism of Curcuma aromatica Salisb. rhizome against coronary heart disease based on integrated network pharmacology, pharmacological evaluation and lipidomics. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:950749. [PMID: 36016561 PMCID: PMC9396035 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.950749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcuma aromatica Salisb. rhizome (CASR) has multifunctional characteristics worldwide and a long history of use as a botanical drug with. Currently, it is often used clinically to treat coronary heart disease (CHD) caused by blood stasis syndrome. However, the therapeutic mechanism of CASR in the treatment of CHD remains poorly understood. In study, the main chemical constituents of CASR were analyzed using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Then, its potential therapeutic mechanism against CHD was predicted. Subsequently, pharmacological evaluation was performed using CHD rat model. Finally, a lipidomics approach was applied to explore the different lipid metabolites to verify the regulation of CASR on lipid metabolism disorders in CHD. A total of 35 compounds was identified from CASR. Seventeen active components and 51 potential targets related to CHD were screened by network pharmacology, involving 13 key pathways. In vivo experiments showed that CASR could significantly improve myocardial infarction, blood stasis, and blood lipid levels and regulate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in CHD rats. Lipidomics further showed that CASR could regulate abnormal sphingolipid, glycerophospholipid, and glycerolipid metabolism in CHD rats. The therapeutic mechanism of CASR against CHD was initially elucidated and included the regulation of lipid metabolism. Its effects may be attributed to active ingredients, such as curzerene, isoprocurcumenol, and (+)-curcumenol. This study reveals the characteristics of multi-component and multi-pathway of CASR in the treatment of CHD, which provides a basis for the follow-up development and utilization of CASR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Fei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - De Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huangjin Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lianlin Su
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuwen Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenhua Bian
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Chunqin Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Chunqin Mao, ; Lin Li, ; Tulin Lu,
| | - Lin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Chunqin Mao, ; Lin Li, ; Tulin Lu,
| | - Tulin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Chunqin Mao, ; Lin Li, ; Tulin Lu,
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Duran EK, Pradhan AD. Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein Remnants and Cardiovascular Disease. Clin Chem 2021; 67:183-196. [PMID: 33409533 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvaa296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triglycerides, cholesterol, and their metabolism are linked due to shared packaging and transport within circulating lipoprotein particles. While a case for a causal role of cholesterol-carrying low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) in atherosclerosis is well made, the body of scientific evidence for a causal role of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) is rapidly growing, with multiple lines of evidence (old and new) providing robust support. CONTENT This review will discuss current perspectives and accumulated evidence that an overabundance of remnant lipoproteins stemming from intravascular remodeling of nascent TRLs-chylomicrons and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL)-results in a proatherogenic milieu that augments cardiovascular risk. Basic mechanisms of TRL metabolism and clearance will be summarized, assay methods reviewed, and pivotal clinical studies highlighted. SUMMARY Remnant lipoproteins are rendered highly atherogenic by their high cholesterol content, altered apolipoprotein composition, and physicochemical properties. The aggregate findings from multiple lines of evidence suggest that TRL remnants play a central role in residual cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward K Duran
- Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Aruna D Pradhan
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, VA Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
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Wani K, AlHarthi H, Alghamdi A, Sabico S, Al-Daghri NM. Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Obesity-Mediated Metabolic Disorders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:E511. [PMID: 33435142 PMCID: PMC7826517 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome is one of the multimeric protein complexes of the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat (NLR)-containing pyrin and HIN domain family (PYHIN). When activated, NLRP3 inflammasome triggers the release of pro-inflammatory interleukins (IL)-1β and IL-18, an essential step in innate immune response; however, defective checkpoints in inflammasome activation may lead to autoimmune, autoinflammatory, and metabolic disorders. Among the consequences of NLRP3 inflammasome activation is systemic chronic low-grade inflammation, a cardinal feature of obesity and insulin resistance. Understanding the mechanisms involved in the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome in adipose tissue may help in the development of specific inhibitors for the treatment and prevention of obesity-mediated metabolic diseases. In this narrative review, the current understanding of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and regulation is highlighted, including its putative roles in adipose tissue dysfunction and insulin resistance. Specific inhibitors of NLRP3 inflammasome activation which can potentially be used to treat metabolic disorders are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nasser M. Al-Daghri
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.W.); (H.A.); (A.A.); (S.S.)
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Zhang YY, Zhao ZD, Kong PY, Gao L, Yu YN, Liu J, Wang PQ, Li B, Zhang XX, Yang LQ, Wang Z. A comparative pharmacogenomic analysis of three classic TCM prescriptions for coronary heart disease based on molecular network modeling. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:735-744. [PMID: 32051552 PMCID: PMC7471444 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has evolved over several thousands of years, which has been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of ischemic heart disease. Three classical TCM prescriptions, namely Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction, Zhishi Xiebai Guizhi Decoction, and Gualou Xiebai Banxia Decoction, have been extensively used in the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD). Based on molecular network modeling, we performed a comparative pharmacogenomic analysis to systematically determine the drug-targeting spectrum of the three prescriptions at molecular level. Wide-area target molecules of CHD were covered, which was a common feature of the three decoctions, demonstrating their therapeutic functions. Meanwhile, collective signaling involved metabolic/pro-metabolic pathways, driving and transferring pathways, neuropsychiatric pathways, and exocrine or endocrine pathways. These organized pharmacological disturbance was mainly focused on almost all stages of CHD intervention, such as anti-atherosclerosis, lipid metabolism, inflammation, vascular wall function, foam cells formation, platelets aggregation, thrombosis, arrhythmia, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition, heterogeneity analysis of the global pharmacological molecular spectrum revealed that signaling crosstalk, cascade convergence, and key targets were tendentious among the three decoctions. After all, it is unadvisable to rank the findings on targeting advantages of the three decoctions. Comparative pharmacological evidence may provide an appropriate decoction scheme for individualized intervention of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Zhang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Zi-de Zhao
- Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100040, China
| | - Peng-Yun Kong
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Lin Gao
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Ya-Nan Yu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Peng-Qian Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Bing Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Zhang
- Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100040, China
| | - Li-Qiang Yang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.
| | - Zhong Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Fernández‐Vega B, García M, Olivares L, Álvarez L, González‐Fernández A, Artime E, Fernández‐Vega Cueto A, Cobo T, Coca‐Prados M, Vega JA, González‐Iglesias H. The association study of lipid metabolism gene polymorphisms with AMD identifies a protective role for APOE-E2 allele in the wet form in a Northern Spanish population. Acta Ophthalmol 2020; 98:e282-e291. [PMID: 31654486 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To elucidate the potential role of eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the most relevant lipid metabolism genes in Northern Spanish patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS A case-control study of 228 unrelated native Northern Spanish patients diagnosed with AMD (73 dry and 155 wet) and 95 healthy controls was performed. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood and genotyped for the SNPs APOE rs429358 and rs7412; CTEP rs3764261; LIPC rs10468017 and rs493258; LPL rs12678919; ABCA1 rs1883025; ABCA4 rs76157638, rs3112831 and rs1800555; and SCARB1 rs5888, using TaqMan probes. An additional association study of ε2, ε3 and ε4 major isoforms of APOE gene with AMD has been carried out. RESULTS The allele and genotype frequencies for each of the eleven sequence variants in the lipid metabolism genes did not show significant differences when comparing AMD cases and controls. Statistical analysis revealed that APOE-ε2 carrier genotypes were less frequently observed in patients with wet AMD compared to controls (5.8% versus 13.7%, respectively: p = 3.28 × 10-2 ; OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.19-0.95). The frequency of the allele T of rs10468017 (LIPC gene) was lower in dry AMD cases compared to controls (15.8 versus 27.9%, respectively: p = 8.4 × 10-3 OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.33-0.98). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a protective role for APOE-ε2 allele to wet AMD in the Northern Spanish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Fernández‐Vega
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández‐Vega Oviedo Spain
- Instituto Universitario Fernández‐Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo) Oviedo Spain
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular Grupo SINPOS Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo Spain
| | - Montserrat García
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández‐Vega Oviedo Spain
- Instituto Universitario Fernández‐Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo) Oviedo Spain
| | - Lorena Olivares
- Instituto Universitario Fernández‐Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo) Oviedo Spain
| | - Lydia Álvarez
- Instituto Universitario Fernández‐Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo) Oviedo Spain
| | - Adrián González‐Fernández
- Instituto Universitario Fernández‐Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo) Oviedo Spain
| | - Enol Artime
- Instituto Universitario Fernández‐Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo) Oviedo Spain
| | - Andrés Fernández‐Vega Cueto
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández‐Vega Oviedo Spain
- Instituto Universitario Fernández‐Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo) Oviedo Spain
| | - Teresa Cobo
- Departamento de Cirugía y Especialidades Médico‐Quirúrgicas Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo Spain
| | - Miguel Coca‐Prados
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT USA
| | - José A. Vega
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular Grupo SINPOS Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Autónoma de Chile Santiago de Chile Chile
| | - Héctor González‐Iglesias
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández‐Vega Oviedo Spain
- Instituto Universitario Fernández‐Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo) Oviedo Spain
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Xu N, Xu H, Zhao M, Xu Y, Huang L. Associations of systemic, serum lipid and lipoprotein metabolic pathway gene variations with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in China. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226763. [PMID: 31877157 PMCID: PMC6932770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the association of systemic, serum lipids and genetic variants in the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolic pathway with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) in China. METHODS The case-control study was included 150 controls and 66 cases with PCV. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), HDL, triglycerides (TG), apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1), apolipoprotein B (APOB) together with systemic risk factors including gender, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, coronary artery disease (CAD) and asthma were identified. All subjects were genotyped for four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from three genes in the HDL metabolic pathway: rs10468017 of hepatic lipase (LIPC), rs12678919 of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), rs3764261 and rs173539 of cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Student's t-tests, chi-square tests, anova and logistic regression were used to evaluate associations. RESULTS Hyperlipidemia was a risk factor (odds ratio (OR) = 1.19, P = 0.001) for PCV. HDL, LDL and APOB levels were associated with PCV (OR = 0.001, P = 0.004; OR = 0.099, P = 0.010; OR = 0.839, P = 0.018). Higher level of TC was potently associated with increased risk of PCV (OR = 109.8, P = 0.000). LIPC rs10468017 was a risk factor for PCV (OR = 11.68, P = 0.000). CETP rs3764261 conferred a decreased risk for PCV (OR = 0.08, P = 0.000). No associations of LPL rs12678919 or CETP rs173539 with PCV were found. Mean level of HDL increased with T allele of the CETP gene (p = 0.026): 1.24 mmol/L (±0.31) for the GG genotype and 1.66 mmol/L (±0.54) for the TT genotype. Additionally, T allele was associated with the following increase in APOA1: 136.78 mg/dl (±20.53) for the CC genotype and 149.57 mg/dl (±22.67) for the TT genotype of LIPC and 137.91 mg/dl (±20.36) for the GG genotype and 162.67 mg/dl (±22.50) for the TT genotype of CETP gene. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that the significant association was found between hyperlipidemia, the serum levels of TC, HDL, LDL and APOB and PCV. The result of present study also showed that the association of LIPC rs10468017 and CETP rs3764261 with PCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningda Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center; Beijing,China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center; Beijing,China
| | - Mingwei Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center; Beijing,China
| | - Yongsheng Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center; Beijing,China
| | - Lvzhen Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center; Beijing,China
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Spiga R, Mannino GC, Mancuso E, Averta C, Paone C, Rubino M, Sciacqua A, Succurro E, Perticone F, Andreozzi F, Sesti G. Are Circulating Mg 2+ Levels Associated with Glucose Tolerance Profiles and Incident Type 2 Diabetes? Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102460. [PMID: 31615167 PMCID: PMC6835462 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is an enzyme co-factor that plays a key role in many biochemical reactions, as well as in glucose metabolism. Clinical evidences have demonstrated that depletion of serum Mg2+ increases exponentially with the duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Diabetes is associated with low Mg2+, and hypomagnesemia is associated with insulin resistance, inflammation, and increased risk for cardiovascular disease. In subjects at high risk of inflammation and insulin resistance, supplementation of Mg2+ alone ameliorates both phenotypes, slowing the development and progression of hepatic steatosis. We analyze the relationship between serum Mg2+ levels and the onset of T2DM in a large cohort of well-characterized adult white individuals participating in the CATAMERI study, who were reexamined after a mean follow-up of 5.6 ± 0.9 years. In our analysis we acquired a significant negative correlation between Mg2+ levels, fasting glucose, and 2h-post load glucose in subjects who underwent an OGTT. Moreover, Mg2+ levels correlated negatively with fasting insulin levels, and positively with the lipid profile. As for the detrimental effect of lower circulating Mg2+ levels, our data revealed a significant reduction of T2DM risk of about 20% for each 1 mg/dL increase of circulating Mg2+. The present results are consistent with the theory that Mg2+ supplementation could ameliorate insulin sensitivity reducing the risk to develop T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosangela Spiga
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Gaia Chiara Mannino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Elettra Mancuso
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Carolina Averta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Claudia Paone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Mariangela Rubino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Angela Sciacqua
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Elena Succurro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Francesco Perticone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Francesco Andreozzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Sesti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University Sapienza of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy.
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Teng MS, Wu S, Hsu LA, Tzeng IS, Chou HH, Su CW, Ko YL. Pleiotropic association of LIPC variants with lipid and urinary 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine levels in a Taiwanese population. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:111. [PMID: 31077211 PMCID: PMC6511151 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic lipase (HL, encoded by LIPC) is a glycoprotein primarily synthesized and secreted by hepatocytes. Previous studies had demonstrated that HL is crucial for reverse cholesterol transport and affects the metabolism, composition, and level of several lipoproteins. In current study, we investigated the association of LIPC (Lipase C, Hepatic Type) variants with circulating and urinary biomarker levels by using subgroup and mediation analyses. METHODS A total of 572 participants from Taiwan were genotyped for three LIPC single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by using TaqMan assay. Fasting levels of glucose, lipid profile, inflammation markers, urine creatinine and 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were measured. The chi-square test, 2-sample t test and Analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to examine differences among variables and genotype frequencies. RESULTS SNPs rs2043085 and rs1532085 were significantly associated with urinary 8-OHdG levels, whereas all three SNPs were more significantly associated with Triglycerides (TG) or HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels after additional adjustment for HDL-C or TG levels, respectively. Subgroup analyses revealed that the association of the LIPC SNPs with the levels of serum TG, HDL-C, and urinary 8-OHdG were predominantly observed in the men but not in the women. Differential associations of the LIPC SNPs with various lipid levels were observed in participants with different adiposity statuses. Mediation analyses indicated that TG levels acted as a suppressor masking the association of the LIPC genotypes with HDL-C levels, particularly in the men (Sobel test, all P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Our data revealed that interaction and suppression effects mediated the pleiotropic association of the LIPC variants. The effects of the LIPC SNPs depended on sex, adiposity status, and TG levels. Thus, our findings can provide a method for identifying high-risk populations of cardiovascular diseases for clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Sheng Teng
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei city, Taiwan
| | - Semon Wu
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei city, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lung-An Hsu
- The First Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - I-Shiang Tzeng
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei city, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hua Chou
- The Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei city, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wen Su
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei city, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Ko
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei city, Taiwan. .,The Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei city, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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10
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Colijn JM, den Hollander AI, Demirkan A, Cougnard-Grégoire A, Verzijden T, Kersten E, Meester-Smoor MA, Merle BMJ, Papageorgiou G, Ahmad S, Mulder MT, Costa MA, Benlian P, Bertelsen G, Bron AM, Claes B, Creuzot-Garcher C, Erke MG, Fauser S, Foster PJ, Hammond CJ, Hense HW, Hoyng CB, Khawaja AP, Korobelnik JF, Piermarocchi S, Segato T, Silva R, Souied EH, Williams KM, van Duijn CM, Delcourt C, Klaver CCW. Increased High-Density Lipoprotein Levels Associated with Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Evidence from the EYE-RISK and European Eye Epidemiology Consortia. Ophthalmology 2019; 126:393-406. [PMID: 30315903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Genetic and epidemiologic studies have shown that lipid genes and high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are implicated in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We studied circulating lipid levels in relationship to AMD in a large European dataset. DESIGN Pooled analysis of cross-sectional data. PARTICIPANTS Individuals (N = 30 953) aged 50 years or older participating in the European Eye Epidemiology (E3) consortium and 1530 individuals from the Rotterdam Study with lipid subfraction data. METHODS AMD features were graded on fundus photographs using the Rotterdam classification. Routine blood lipid measurements, genetics, medication, and potential confounders were extracted from the E3 database. In a subgroup of the Rotterdam Study, lipid subfractions were identified by the Nightingale biomarker platform. Random-intercepts mixed-effects models incorporating confounders and study site as a random effect were used to estimate associations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES AMD features and stage; lipid measurements. RESULTS HDL was associated with an increased risk of AMD (odds ratio [OR], 1.21 per 1-mmol/l increase; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14-1.29), whereas triglycerides were associated with a decreased risk (OR, 0.94 per 1-mmol/l increase; 95% CI, 0.91-0.97). Both were associated with drusen size. Higher HDL raised the odds of larger drusen, whereas higher triglycerides decreases the odds. LDL cholesterol reached statistical significance only in the association with early AMD (P = 0.045). Regarding lipid subfractions, the concentration of extra-large HDL particles showed the most prominent association with AMD (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.10-1.40). The cholesteryl ester transfer protein risk variant (rs17231506) for AMD was in line with increased HDL levels (P = 7.7 × 10-7), but lipase C risk variants (rs2043085, rs2070895) were associated in an opposite way (P = 1.0 × 10-6 and P = 1.6 × 10-4). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that HDL cholesterol is associated with increased risk of AMD and that triglycerides are negatively associated. Both show the strongest association with early AMD and drusen. Extra-large HDL subfractions seem to be drivers in the relationship with AMD, and variants in lipid genes play a more ambiguous role in this association. Whether systemic lipids directly influence AMD or represent lipid metabolism in the retina remains to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Colijn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke I den Hollander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ayse Demirkan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Audrey Cougnard-Grégoire
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux, France
| | - Timo Verzijden
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eveline Kersten
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Magda A Meester-Smoor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benedicte M J Merle
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux, France
| | - Grigorios Papageorgiou
- Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Shahzad Ahmad
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monique T Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel Angelo Costa
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pascale Benlian
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID - European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Geir Bertelsen
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Alain M Bron
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Dijon, France
| | - Birte Claes
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Muenster, Germany
| | | | - Maja Gran Erke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sascha Fauser
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul J Foster
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom; Integrative Epidemiology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Hammond
- Section of Academic Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hans-Werner Hense
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Muenster, Germany
| | - Carel B Hoyng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony P Khawaja
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Francois Korobelnik
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux, France; Service d'Ophtalmologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Tatiana Segato
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Rufino Silva
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eric H Souied
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Creteil, University Paris Est Creteil, Creteil, France
| | - Katie M Williams
- Section of Academic Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cécile Delcourt
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux, France
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Barchuk M, Miksztowicz V, Zago V, Cevey A, López G, Goren N, Friedman S, Gelpi RJ, Morales C, Fernandez Tomé MDC, Schreier L, Berg G. Endothelial Lipase Is an Alternative Pathway for Fatty Acid Release from Lipoproteins: Evidence from a High Fat Diet Model of Obesity in Rats. Lipids 2018; 53:993-1003. [DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magalí Barchuk
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica. Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113); Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Verónica Miksztowicz
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica. Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113); Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113); Buenos Aires Argentina
- CONICET. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Valeria Zago
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica. Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113); Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113); Buenos Aires Argentina
- CONICET. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Agata Cevey
- CONICET. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS). Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155 (1121); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Graciela López
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica. Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113); Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Nora Goren
- CONICET. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS). Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155 (1121); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Silvia Friedman
- Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Bioquímica General y Bucal; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Marcelo T. de Alvear 2142 (1122); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Ricardo Jorge Gelpi
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Uriburu 950 (1121); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Celina Morales
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Uriburu 950 (1121); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - María del Carmen Fernandez Tomé
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular. Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB). CONICET; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Laura Schreier
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica. Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113); Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Gabriela Berg
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica. Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113); Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113); Buenos Aires Argentina
- CONICET. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113); Buenos Aires Argentina
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12
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Goncharov NV, Nadeev AD, Jenkins RO, Avdonin PV. Markers and Biomarkers of Endothelium: When Something Is Rotten in the State. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:9759735. [PMID: 29333215 PMCID: PMC5733214 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9759735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endothelium is a community of endothelial cells (ECs), which line the blood and lymphatic vessels, thus forming an interface between the tissues and the blood or lympha. This strategic position of endothelium infers its indispensable functional role in controlling vasoregulation, haemostasis, and inflammation. The state of endothelium is simultaneously the cause and effect of many diseases, and this is coupled with modifications of endothelial phenotype represented by markers and with biochemical profile of blood represented by biomarkers. In this paper, we briefly review data on the functional role of endothelium, give definitions of endothelial markers and biomarkers, touch on the methodological approaches for revealing biomarkers, present an implicit role of endothelium in some toxicological mechanistic studies, and survey the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in modulation of endothelial status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay V. Goncharov
- Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander D. Nadeev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Cell Biophysics RAS, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Richard O. Jenkins
- School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
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13
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Sasamoto K, Hirayama S, Kon M, Seino U, Ueno T, Nagao Y, Hirayama A, Isshiki M, Idei M, Yano K, Miida T. Changes in apolipoprotein E-containing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) have little impact on HDL-cholesterol measurements using homogeneous assays in normolipidemic and dyslipidemic subjects. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 470:56-63. [PMID: 28442245 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) is generally measured using several homogeneous assays. We aimed to clarify whether apolipoprotein E-containing HDL (apoE-HDL) subfractions are altered during storage, and if so, whether such changes affect the HDL-C concentration measured using homogeneous assays. METHODS We stored serum from normolipidemic (n=32) and dyslipidemic (n=17) subjects at 4°C for up to 7days. ApoE-HDL subfractions were analyzed using native 2-dimensional gel (native 2D-gel) electrophoresis. HDL-C concentrations were determined using 2 precipitation and 4homogeneous assays. RESULTS Native 2D-gel electrophoresis revealed variously sized apoE-HDL subfractions. After 4h incubation at 37°C, subfractions of smaller particles were converted into larger particles by lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity. After 7days storage at 4°C, the smaller subfractions were decreased in the normolipidemic group, accompanying increases in larger subfractions, whereas changes in the respective subfractions varied among individuals in the dyslipidemic group. HDL-C concentrations were significantly lower after storage at 4°C in all assays, except that using Sekisui Medical's reagent. Therefore, changes in HDL-C concentration and apoE-HDL subfractions were independent of each other. CONCLUSION ApoE-HDL subfractions change during storage, but these changes are not linked to those in HDL-C concentration measured using homogeneous assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Sasamoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirayama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Mika Kon
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Utako Seino
- Niigata Prefectural Institute of Environmental Radiation Monitoring, Niigata Branch, Sowa 314-1, Niigata 950-2144, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ueno
- Clinical laboratory, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Shinsuna 3-3-20, Tokyo 136-0075, Japan
| | - Yuki Nagao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Akiko Hirayama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Miwa Isshiki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Mayumi Idei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kouji Yano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takashi Miida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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15
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Holzer M, Schilcher G, Curcic S, Trieb M, Ljubojevic S, Stojakovic T, Scharnagl H, Kopecky CM, Rosenkranz AR, Heinemann A, Marsche G. Dialysis Modalities and HDL Composition and Function. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 26:2267-76. [PMID: 25745027 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014030309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid abnormalities may have an effect on clinical outcomes of patients on dialysis. Recent studies have indicated that HDL dysfunction is a hallmark of ESRD. In this study, we compared HDL composition and metrics of HDL functionality in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD) with those in healthy controls. We detected a marked suppression of several metrics of HDL functionality in patients on HD or PD. Compositional analysis revealed that HDL from both dialysis groups shifted toward a more proinflammatory phenotype with profound alterations in the lipid moiety and protein composition. With regard to function, cholesterol efflux and anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic functions seemed to be more severely suppressed in patients on HD, whereas HDL-associated paraoxonase activity was lowest in patients on PD. Quantification of enzyme activities involved in HDL metabolism suggested that HDL particle maturation and remodeling are altered in patients on HD or PD. In summary, our study provides mechanistic insights into the formation of dysfunctional HDL in patients with ESRD who are on HD or PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gernot Schilcher
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Sanja Curcic
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology
| | - Markus Trieb
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology
| | - Senka Ljubojevic
- Clinical Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Tatjana Stojakovic
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; and
| | - Hubert Scharnagl
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; and
| | - Chantal M Kopecky
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Chavali VRM, Diniz B, Huang J, Ying GS, Sadda SR, Stambolian D. Association of OCT derived drusen measurements with AMD associated-genotypic SNPs in Amish population. J Clin Med 2015; 4:304-317. [PMID: 25893111 PMCID: PMC4398021 DOI: 10.3390/jcm4020304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the association of optical coherence tomography (OCT)-derived drusen measures in Amish age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients with known loci for macular degeneration. Methods: Members of the Old Order Amish community in Pennsylvania ages 50 and older were assessed for drusen area, volume and regions of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) atrophy using a Cirrus High-Definition OCT. Measurements were obtained in the macula region within a central circle (CC) of 3 mm in diameter and a surrounding perifoveal ring (PR) of 3 to 5 mm in diameter using the Cirrus OCT RPE analysis software. Other demographic information, including age, gender and smoking status, were collected. Study subjects were further genotyped to determine their risk for the AMD-associated SNPs in the SYN3, LIPC, ARMS2, C3, CFB, CETP, CFI and CFH genes using TaqMan genotyping assays. The association of genotypes with OCT measures were assessed using linear trend p-values calculated from univariate and multivariate generalized linear models. Results: 432 eyes were included in the analysis. Multivariate analysis (adjusted by age, gender and smoking status) confirmed the known significant association between AMD and macular drusen with the number of CFH risk alleles for the drusen area (the area increased 0.12 mm2 for a risk allele increase, p < 0.01), drusen volume (the volume increased 0.01 mm3 for a risk allele increase, p ≤ 0.05) and the area of RPE atrophy (the area increased 0.43 mm2 for a risk allele increase, p = 0.003). SYN3 risk allele G is significantly associated with larger area PR (the area increased 0.09 mm2 for a risk allele increase, p = 0.03) and larger drusen volume in the central circle (the volume increased 0.01 mm3 for a risk allele increase, p = 0.04). Conclusion: Among the genotyped SNPs tested, the CFH risk genotype appears to play a major role in determining the drusen phenotype in the Amish AMD population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Ramana Murthy Chavali
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, 313B Stellar-Chance Labs, 422 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Bruno Diniz
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; E-Mails: (B.D.); (S.R.S.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 09920, Brazil
| | - Jiayan Huang
- Center for Preventive Ophthalmology and Biostatistics, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; E-Mails: (J.H.); (G.-S.Y.)
| | - Gui-Shuang Ying
- Center for Preventive Ophthalmology and Biostatistics, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; E-Mails: (J.H.); (G.-S.Y.)
| | - SriniVas R. Sadda
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; E-Mails: (B.D.); (S.R.S.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Dwight Stambolian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, 313B Stellar-Chance Labs, 422 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-215-898-0305; Fax: +1-215-573-6728
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Ehrhardt N, Bedoya C, Péterfy M. Embryonic viability, lipase deficiency, hypertriglyceridemia and neonatal lethality in a novel LMF1-deficient mouse model. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2014; 11:37. [PMID: 25302068 PMCID: PMC4190935 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-11-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipase Maturation Factor 1 (LMF1) is an ER-chaperone involved in the post-translational maturation and catalytic activation of vascular lipases including lipoprotein lipase (LPL), hepatic lipase (HL) and endothelial lipase (EL). Mutations in LMF1 are associated with lipase deficiency and severe hypertriglyceridemia indicating the critical role of LMF1 in plasma lipid homeostasis. The currently available mouse model of LMF1 deficiency is based on a naturally occurring truncating mutation, combined lipase deficiency (cld), which may represent a hypomorphic allele. Thus, development of LMF1-null mice is needed to explore the phenotypic consequences of complete LMF1 deficiency. Findings In situ hybridization and qPCR analysis in the normal mouse embryo revealed ubiquitous and high-level LMF1 expression. To investigate if LMF1 was required for embryonic viability, a novel mouse model based on a null-allele of LMF1 was generated and characterized. LMF1-/- progeny were born at Mendelian ratios and exhibited combined lipase deficiency, hypertriglyceridemia and neonatal lethality. Conclusion Our results raise the possibility of a previously unrecognized role for LMF1 in embryonic development, but indicate that LMF1 is dispensable for the viability of mouse embryo. The novel mouse model developed in this study will be useful to investigate the full phenotypic spectrum of LMF1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Ehrhardt
- Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Candy Bedoya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Miklós Péterfy
- Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA ; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA ; Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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18
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Costa-Pinto AR, Martins AM, Castelhano-Carlos MJ, Correlo VM, Sol PC, Longatto-Filho A, Battacharya M, Reis RL, Neves NM. In vitro degradation and in vivo biocompatibility of chitosan–poly(butylene succinate) fiber mesh scaffolds. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911514521919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In tissue engineering, the evaluation of the host response to the biomaterial implantation must be assessed to determine the extent of the inflammatory reaction. We studied the degradation of poly(butylene succinate) and chitosan in vitro using lipase and lysozyme enzymes, respectively. The subcutaneous implantation of the scaffolds was performed to assess tissue response. The type of inflammatory cells present in the surrounding tissue, as well as within the scaffold, was determined histologically and by immunohistochemistry. In the presence of lipase or lysozyme, the water uptake of the scaffolds increased. Based on the weight loss data and scanning electron microscopy analysis, the lysozyme combined with lipase had a notable effect on the in vitro degradation of the scaffolds. The in vivo implantation showed a normal inflammatory response, with presence of neutrophils, in a first stage, and macrophages, lymphocytes, and giant cells in a later stage. Vascularization in the surrounding tissue and within the implant increased with time. Moreover, the collagen deposition increased with time inside the implant. In vivo, the scaffolds maintained the structural integrity. The degradation in vitro was faster and greater compared to that observed in vivo within the same time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Costa-Pinto
- 3B’s Research Group in Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana M Martins
- 3B’s Research Group in Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Magda J Castelhano-Carlos
- ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Vitor M Correlo
- 3B’s Research Group in Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Paula C Sol
- 3B’s Research Group in Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Adhemar Longatto-Filho
- ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Mrinal Battacharya
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B’s Research Group in Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno M Neves
- 3B’s Research Group in Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Miksztowicz V, Schreier L, McCoy M, Lucero D, Fassio E, Billheimer J, Rader DJ, Berg G. Role of SN1 lipases on plasma lipids in metabolic syndrome and obesity. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:669-75. [PMID: 24458708 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.303027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the phospholipase activity of endothelial (EL) and hepatic lipase (HL) in postheparin plasma of subjects with metabolic syndrome (MS)/obesity and their relationship with atherogenic and antiatherogenic lipoproteins. Additionally, to evaluate lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and HL activity as triglyceride (TG)-hydrolyses to complete the analyses of SN1 lipolytic enzymes in the same patient. APPROACH AND RESULTS Plasma EL, HL, and LPL activities were evaluated in 59 patients with MS and 36 controls. A trend toward higher EL activity was observed in MS. EL activity was increased in obese compared with normal weight group (P=0.009) and was negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P=0.014 and P=0.005) and apolipoprotein A-I (P=0.045 and P=0.001) in control and MS group, respectively. HL activity, as TG-hydrolase, was increased in MS (P=0.025) as well as in obese group (P=0.017); directly correlated with low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P=0.005) and apolipoprotein B (P=0.003) and negatively with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P=0.021) in control group. LPL was decreased in MS (P<0.001) as well as in overweight and obese compared with normal weight group (P=0.015 and P=0.004, respectively); inversely correlated %TG-very low-density lipoproteins (P=0.04) and TG/apolipoprotein B index (P=0.013) in control group. These associations were not found in MS. CONCLUSIONS We describe for the first time EL and HL activity as phospholipases in MS/obesity, being both responsible for high-density lipoprotein catabolism. Our results elucidate part of the remaining controversies about SN1 lipases activity in MS and different grades of obesity. The impact of insulin resistance on the activity of the 3 enzymes determines the lipoprotein alterations observed in these states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Miksztowicz
- From the Laboratory of Lipids and Lipoproteins, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute of Physiopathology and Clinical Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina (V.M., L.S., D.L., G.B.); Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA (M.M., J.B., D.J.R.); and Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Prof. A. Posadas, Buenos Aires, Argentina (E.F.)
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20
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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD): Current concepts in pathogenesis and prospects for treatment. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-012-0374-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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21
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Napolitano M, Botham KM, Bravo E. Postprandial human triglyceride-rich lipoproteins increase chemoattractant protein secretion in human macrophages. Cytokine 2013; 63:18-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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22
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Napolitano M, Sennato S, Botham KM, Bordi F, Bravo E. Role of macrophage activation in the lipid metabolism of postprandial triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2013; 238:98-110. [DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2012.012091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential link between the inflammatory effects of postprandial lipemia and the induction of macrophage foam cell formation by triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins (TGRL) was studied using postprandial triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins (ppTGRL) derived from human volunteers and primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDM). Subjects were fed a test meal high in dairy fat, followed three hours later by isolation of serum ppTGRL. Pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes were induced in HMDM by treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or dexamethasone (DEX), respectively. ppTGRL caused a dose-dependent increase in both triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesterol (CH) accumulation in the cells. TG accumulation was unaffected by LPS or DEX treatment, but LPS as compared with DEX-treated HMDM were found to accumulate more CH, and this effect was greater than that induced by ppTGRL in untreated cells. LPS-treatment had no effect on lipid uptake from ppTGRL (via the LDLr, scavenger receptors or SR-B1) or on CH efflux, but the CH synthesis inhibitor mevinolin abolished the difference between CH accumulation in LPS-and DEX-treated cells, suggesting that CH synthesis is enhanced in the inflammatory state. Phospholipid (PL) synthesis was increased in inflammatory M1 as compared with anti-inflammatory M2 HMDM. Moreover, TG synthesis was decreased by ppTGRL in DEX-treated as compared with untreated cells. We conclude, therefore, inflammation causes a greater increase in the accumulation of neutral lipids than ppTGRL in macrophages, and that this effect is related to modulation of PL metabolism and possibly also CH synthesis. Thus, the inflammatory phenotype of macrophages influences their lipid metabolism, and is, therefore, likely to modulate the induction of macrophage lipid accumulation by lipoproteins associated with foam cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarosaria Napolitano
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Sennato
- Dipartimento di Fisica and CNR-IPCF, University of Rome La Sapienza, Piazzale A. Moro 2, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Kathleen M Botham
- Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College St., London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Federico Bordi
- Dipartimento di Fisica and CNR-IPCF, University of Rome La Sapienza, Piazzale A. Moro 2, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Bravo
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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23
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Mido S, Fath EM, Farid AS, Nonaka N, Oku Y, Horii Y. Trichinella spiralis: Infection changes serum paraoxonase-1 levels, lipid profile, and oxidative status in rats. Exp Parasitol 2012; 131:190-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2012.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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24
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Schwartz EA, Reaven PD. Lipolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, vascular inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1821:858-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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25
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Smoum R, Rubinstein A, Dembitsky VM, Srebnik M. Boron containing compounds as protease inhibitors. Chem Rev 2012; 112:4156-220. [PMID: 22519511 DOI: 10.1021/cr608202m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reem Smoum
- The School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel.
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26
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Vaisman BL, Demosky SJ, Stonik JA, Ghias M, Knapper CL, Sampson ML, Dai C, Levine SJ, Remaley AT. Endothelial expression of human ABCA1 in mice increases plasma HDL cholesterol and reduces diet-induced atherosclerosis. J Lipid Res 2012; 53:158-67. [PMID: 22039582 PMCID: PMC3243472 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m018713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of endothelial ABCA1 expression in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) was examined in transgenic mice, using the endothelial-specific Tie2 promoter. Human ABCA1 (hABCA1) was significantly expressed in endothelial cells (EC) of most tissues except the liver. Increased expression of ABCA1 was not observed in resident peritoneal macrophages. ApoA-I-mediated cholesterol efflux from aortic EC was 2.6-fold higher (P < 0.0001) for cells from transgenic versus control mice. On normal chow diet, Tie2 hABCA1 transgenic mice had a 25% (P < 0.0001) increase in HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and more than a 2-fold increase of eNOS mRNA in the aorta (P < 0.04). After 6 months on a high-fat, high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet, transgenic mice compared with controls had a 40% increase in plasma HDL-C (P < 0.003) and close to 40% decrease in aortic lesions (P < 0.02). Aortas from HFHC-fed transgenic mice also showed gene expression changes consistent with decreased inflammation and apoptosis. Beneficial effects of the ABCA1 transgene on HDL-C levels or on atherosclerosis were absent when the transgene was transferred onto ApoE or Abca1 knockout mice. In summary, expression of hABCA1 in EC appears to play a role in decreasing diet-induced atherosclerosis in mice and is associated with increased plasma HDL-C levels and beneficial gene expression changes in EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris L Vaisman
- Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Phospholipase A2 mediates apolipoprotein-independent uptake of chylomicron remnant-like particles by human macrophages. Int J Vasc Med 2011; 2012:501954. [PMID: 21876814 PMCID: PMC3160105 DOI: 10.1155/2012/501954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E-receptor-mediated pathways are the main routes by which macrophages take up chylomicron remnants, but uptake may also be mediated by receptor-independent routes. To investigate these mechanisms, triacylglycerol (TG) accumulation induced by apolipoprotein-free chylomicron remnant-like particles (CRLPw/o) in human monocyte-derived macrophages was evaluated. Macrophage TG content increased about 5-fold after incubation with
CRLPw/o, and this effect was not reduced by the inhibition of phagocytosis, macropinocytosis, apolipoprotein E function, or proteoglycan bridging.
The role of lipases, including lipoprotein lipase, cholesteryl ester hydrolase, and secretory (sPLA2) and cytosolic phospholipase A2, was studied using [3H]TG-labelled CRLPw/o. Total cell radioactivity after incubation with [3H]TG CRLPw/o was reduced by 15–30% by inhibitors of lipoprotein lipase and cholesteryl ester hydrolase and by about 45% by inhibitors of sPLA2 and cytosolic PLA2 . These results suggest that macrophage lipolytic enzymes mediate the internalization of postprandial TG-rich lipoproteins and that sPLA2 and cytosolic PLA2, play a more important role than extracellular lipoprotein lipase-mediated TG hydrolysis.
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28
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Yu Y, Reynolds R, Fagerness J, Rosner B, Daly MJ, Seddon JM. Association of variants in the LIPC and ABCA1 genes with intermediate and large drusen and advanced age-related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011; 52:4663-70. [PMID: 21447678 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10-7070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Intermediate and large drusen usually precede advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD). There is little information about which genes influence drusen accumulation. Discovery of genetic variants associated with drusen may lead to prevention and treatments of AMD in its early stages. METHODS A total of 3066 subjects were evaluated on the basis of ocular examinations and fundus photography and categorized as control (n = 221), intermediate drusen (n = 814), large drusen (n = 949), or advanced AMD (n = 1082). SNPs in the previously identified CFH, C2, C3, CFB, CFI, APOE, and ARMS2/HTRA1 genes/regions and the novel genes LIPC, CETP, and ABCA1 in the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol pathway were genotyped. Associations between stage of AMD and SNPs were assessed using logistic regression. RESULTS Controlling for age, sex, education, smoking, body mass index, and antioxidant treatment, the number of minor (T) alleles of the genes LIPC and ABCA1 were significantly associated with a reduced risk of intermediate drusen (LIPC [P trend = 0.045], ABCA1 [P = 4.4 × 10(-3)]), large drusen (LIPC [P = 0.041], ABCA1 [P = 7.7 × 10(-4)]), and advanced AMD (LIPC [P = 1.8 × 10(-3)], ABCA1 [P = 3 × 10(-4)]). After further adjustment for known genetic factors, the protective effect of the TT genotype was significant for intermediate drusen (LIPC [odds ratio (OR), 0.56; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.33-0.94], ABCA1 [OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.27-0.85]), large drusen (LIPC [OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.34-0.98)], ABCA1 [OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.23-0.74)]), and advanced AMD (LIPC [OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.21-0.74)], ABCA1 [OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.17-0.71)]). CFH, C3, C2, and ARMS2/HTRA1 were associated with large drusen and advanced AMD. CONCLUSIONS LIPC and ABCA1 are related to intermediate and large drusen, as well as advanced AMD. CFH, C3, C2, and ARMS2/HTRA1 are associated with large drusen and advanced AMD. Genes may have varying effects on different stages of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- Ophthalmic Epidemiology and Genetics Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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29
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Brandenburg KS, Rubinstein I, Sadikot RT, Önyüksel H. Polymyxin B self-associated with phospholipid nanomicelles. Pharm Dev Technol 2011; 17:654-60. [PMID: 21486112 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2011.572893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although Polymyxin B (PXB) is an effective antibiotic for Gram-negative bacterial infections, clinical use is hampered by toxicity and protein binding, which may be overcome by delivering PXB using a safe nanocarrier. OBJECTIVE To determine whether PXB self-associates with long-circulating biocompatible/biodegradable PEGylated phospholipid nanomicelles (SSM) and change the PXB in vitro bioactivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS PXB and SSM (15 nm) composed of 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N [methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DSPE-PEG(2000)) were prepared in 10 mM HEPES-buffered saline. Interactions between PXB and SSM were determined by dynamic light scattering and fluorescence spectroscopy. Anti-infective effects of PXB-SSM were tested against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PA01 in vitro. RESULTS Approximately four PXB molecules self-associated with each SSM. However, significant decrease in P. aeruginosa killing was observed with PXB-SSM relative to PXB alone (P < 0.05). Empty SSM had no significant effect on bacterial growth. DISCUSSION PXB's self-association with SSM resulted in mitigation of the in vitro antibacterial activity. This phenomenon could be attributed, in part, to PEG(2000) hindering electrostatic interactions between cationic PXB and anionic bacterial cell wall. CONCLUSION PXB association with SSM formed a stable nanomedicine, resulting in decreased bioactivity of the drug in vitro. Effectiveness of this nanomedicine in vivo is yet to be studied.
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Kokotas H, Grigoriadou M, Petersen MB. Age-related macular degeneration: genetic and clinical findings. Clin Chem Lab Med 2010; 49:601-16. [PMID: 21175380 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2011.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a sight threatening eye disease that affects millions of humans over the age of 65 years. It is considered to be the major cause of irreversible blindness in the elderly population in the developed world. The disease is prevalent in Europe and the United States, which has a large number of individuals of European descent. AMD is characterized by a progressive loss of central vision attributable to degenerative and neovascular changes that occur in the interface between the neural retina and the underlying choroid. This location contains the retinal photoreceptors, the retinal pigmented epithelium, a basement membrane complex known as Bruch's membrane and a network of choroidal capillaries. AMD is increasingly recognized as a complex genetic disorder where one or more genes contribute to an individual's susceptibility to development of the condition, while the prevailing view is that the disease stems from the interaction of multiple genetic and environmental factors. Although it has been proposed that a threshold event occurs during normal aging, the sequelae of biochemical, cellular, and molecular events leading to AMD are not fully understood. Here, we review the clinical aspects of AMD and summarize the genes which have been reported to have a positive association with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haris Kokotas
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Child Health, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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31
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Farid AS, Mido S, Linh BK, Hayashi T, Horii Y. An atherogenic lipid profile with low serum paraoxonase-1 activity during nematode infection in rats. Eur J Clin Invest 2010; 40:984-93. [PMID: 20695884 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2010.02352.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation and oxidative stress are associated with cardiovascular diseases and underlying atherosclerosis. The high density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated paraoxonase-1 (PON1) enzyme is known to be involved in the protection of serum lipids from such oxidation. Nonetheless, the disturbances of lipid profile during nematode-infected model have not yet been studied. Therefore, we aimed to explore the effects of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection in male Wistar rats, a model of human gastrointestinal nematode infections, on hepatic PON1 synthesis and the levels of lipid parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nippostrongylus brasiliensis-infected rats fed standard and high-fat diets. Serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were measured on day 0, 2, 4, 7, and 14 post-infection (PI). Hepatic PONs and pro-inflammatory cytokines mRNA expression levels were evaluated in a standard diet-fed groups, and the disturbances in lipid profile as well as the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and oxidized-LDL (Ox-LDL) were measured in high-fat diet-fed groups. RESULTS We found that N. brasiliensis-infected rats fed the standard diet show a significant reduction in serum PON1 activity and down-regulation of hepatic PON1 mRNA expression as well as up-regulation of hepatic IL-1β, IL-β receptor (R), TNF-α, and TNFR1 mRNA expressions in association with hepatic recruitments of Kupffer cells and neutrohils. In the presence of the high-fat diet, N. brasiliensis infection increases serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL/VLDL, TBARS and Ox-LDL as well as decreases serum HDL coinciding with a maximum serum PON1 reduction. CONCLUSIONS Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection can induce atherogenic lipid profile and reduce serum PON1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Samir Farid
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Qalioubeya, Egypt
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Vinci B, Murphy E, Iori E, Marescotti MC, Avogaro A, Ahluwalia A. Flow-regulated glucose and lipid metabolism in adipose tissue, endothelial cell and hepatocyte cultures in a modular bioreactor. Biotechnol J 2010; 5:618-26. [PMID: 20518065 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Static cell culture has serious limitations in its ability to represent cellular behaviour within a live organism. In vivo, cells are constantly exposed to the flow of bodily fluids and contact with other cell types. Bioreactors provide the opportunity to study cells in an environment that more closely resembles the in vivo setting because cell cultures can be exposed to dynamic flow in contact with or in proximity to other cell types. In this study we compared the metabolic profile of a dynamic cell culture system to that of a static cell culture in three different cellular phenotypes: adipocytes, endothelial cells and hepatocytes. Albumin, glucose, free fatty acids, glycerol, and lactate were measured over 48 h. We show that all three cell types have increased glucose uptake in the presence of flow; lactate release was also significantly affected. We provide robust evidence that the presence of flow significantly modifies cellular metabolism. While flow provides a more uniform nutrient distribution and increases metabolite turnover, our results indicate that different cell types have specific metabolic responses to flow, suggesting cell-specific flow-regulated activation of metabolite signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Vinci
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca E. Piaggio, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Genome-wide association study of advanced age-related macular degeneration identifies a role of the hepatic lipase gene (LIPC). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:7395-400. [PMID: 20385826 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0912019107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of late onset blindness. We present results of a genome-wide association study of 979 advanced AMD cases and 1,709 controls using the Affymetrix 6.0 platform with replication in seven additional cohorts (totaling 5,789 unrelated cases and 4,234 unrelated controls). We also present a comprehensive analysis of copy-number variations and polymorphisms for AMD. Our discovery data implicated the association between AMD and a variant in the hepatic lipase gene (LIPC) in the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) pathway (discovery P = 4.53e-05 for rs493258). Our LIPC association was strongest for a functional promoter variant, rs10468017, (P = 1.34e-08), that influences LIPC expression and serum HDL levels with a protective effect of the minor T allele (HDL increasing) for advanced wet and dry AMD. The association we found with LIPC was corroborated by the Michigan/Penn/Mayo genome-wide association study; the locus near the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 was corroborated by our replication cohort for rs9621532 with P = 3.71e-09. We observed weaker associations with other HDL loci (ABCA1, P = 9.73e-04; cholesterylester transfer protein, P = 1.41e-03; FADS1-3, P = 2.69e-02). Based on a lack of consistent association between HDL increasing alleles and AMD risk, the LIPC association may not be the result of an effect on HDL levels, but it could represent a pleiotropic effect of the same functional component. Results implicate different biologic pathways than previously reported and provide new avenues for prevention and treatment of AMD.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Angiopoietin-like proteins (Angptls) comprise a family of secreted glycoproteins with high homology to angiopoietins which are important regulators of angiogenesis. Angptl3 and Angptl4 inhibit lipoprotein lipase in mice. This article reviews recent human studies on Angptls and their effects on lipoprotein profiles and cardiovascular disease. RECENT FINDINGS Population-based studies have indicated that loss-of-function mutations of Angptl3, Angptl4, and Angptl5 are associated with a low triglyceride concentration. Angptl3 concentration is positively correlated with HDL-cholesterol, but not with triglyceride, suggesting that Angptl3 regulates HDL metabolism by inhibiting endothelial lipase. Angptl4 concentration is correlated positively with triglycerides in patients with metabolic syndrome, although most studies have failed to find such a correlation. Angptl6 has no effects on lipoprotein profiles. Angptl3 is associated with atherosclerosis in coronary, carotid, and femoral arteries. Conflicting results have been obtained regarding whether the E40K variant (a loss-of-function mutation of Angptl4) is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease, which may occur due to the lipid-independent actions of Angptl4. SUMMARY Angptl3, Angptl4, and possibly Angptl5 are regulators of lipoprotein metabolism in humans. Whether inhibition of these Angptls will be useful for dyslipidemia to prevent cardiovascular disease remains to be elucidated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Miida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Martins AM, Pham QP, Malafaya PB, Sousa RA, Gomes ME, Raphael RM, Kasper FK, Reis RL, Mikos AG. The role of lipase and alpha-amylase in the degradation of starch/poly(epsilon-caprolactone) fiber meshes and the osteogenic differentiation of cultured marrow stromal cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:295-305. [PMID: 18721077 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work studies the influence of hydrolytic enzymes (alpha-amylase or lipase) on the degradation of fiber mesh scaffolds based on a blend of starch and poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (SPCL) and the osteogenic differentiation of osteogenic medium-expanded rat bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) and subsequent formation of extracellular matrix on these scaffolds under static culture conditions. The biodegradation profile of SPCL fiber meshes was investigated using enzymes that are specifically responsible for the enzymatic hydrolysis of SPCL using concentrations similar to those found in human serum. These degradation studies were performed under static and dynamic conditions. After several degradation periods (3, 7, 14, 21, and 30 days), weight loss measurements and micro-computed tomography analysis (specifically porosity, interconnectivity, mean pore size, and fiber thickness) were performed. The SPCL scaffolds were seeded with rat MSCs and cultured for 8 and 16 days using complete osteogenic media with and without enzymes (alpha-amylase or lipase). Results indicate that culture medium supplemented with enzymes enhanced cell proliferation after 16 days of culture, whereas culture medium without enzymes did not. No calcium was detected in groups cultured with alpha-amylase or without enzymes after each time period, although groups cultured with lipase presented calcium deposition after the eighth day, showing a significant increase at the sixteenth day. Lipase appears to positively influence osteoblastic differentiation of rat MSCs and to enhance matrix mineralization. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy images showed that the enzymes did not have a deleterious effect on the three-dimensional structure of SPCL fiber meshes, meaning that the scaffolds did not lose their structural integrity after 16 days. Confocal micrographs have shown cells to be evenly distributed and infiltrated within the SPCL fiber meshes up to 410 microm from the surface. This study demonstrates that supplementation of culture media with lipase holds great potential for the generation of bone tissue engineering constructs from MSCs seeded onto SPCL fiber meshes, because lipase enhances the osteoblastic differentiation of the seeded MSCs and promotes matrix mineralization without harming the structural integrity of the meshes over 16 days of culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Martins
- 3Bs Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
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Doolittle MH, Neher SB, Ben-Zeev O, Ling-Liao J, Gallagher CM, Hosseini M, Yin F, Wong H, Walter P, Péterfy M. Lipase maturation factor LMF1, membrane topology and interaction with lipase proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:33623-33. [PMID: 19783858 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.049395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipase maturation factor 1 (LMF1) is predicted to be a polytopic protein localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. It functions in the post-translational attainment of enzyme activity for both lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase. By using transmembrane prediction methods in mouse and human orthologs, models of LMF1 topology were constructed and tested experimentally. Employing a tagging strategy that used insertion of ectopic glycan attachment sites and terminal fusions of green fluorescent protein, we established a five-transmembrane model, thus dividing LMF1 into six domains. Three domains were found to face the cytoplasm (the amino-terminal domain and loops B and D), and the other half was oriented to the ER lumen (loops A and C and the carboxyl-terminal domain). This representative model shows the arrangement of an evolutionarily conserved domain within LMF1 (DUF1222) that is essential to lipase maturation. DUF1222 comprises four of the six domains, with the two largest ones facing the ER lumen. We showed for the first time, using several naturally occurring variants featuring DUF1222 truncations, that Lmf1 interacts physically with lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase and localizes the lipase interaction site to loop C within DUF1222. We discuss the implication of our results with regard to lipase maturation and DUF1222 domain structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H Doolittle
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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Frikke-Schmidt H, Lykkesfeldt J. Role of marginal vitamin C deficiency in atherogenesis: in vivo models and clinical studies. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2009; 104:419-33. [PMID: 19489786 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2009.00420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin C is a pivotal redox modulater in many biological reactions of which several remain poorly understood. Naturally, vitamin C has been the subject of many investigations over the past decades in relation to its possible beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease primarily based on its powerful yet general antioxidant properties. However, growing epidemiological, clinical and experimental evidence now suggests a more specific role of ascorbate in vasomotion and in the prevention of atherosclerosis. For example, in contrast to most other biological antioxidants, administration of vitamin C can apparently induce vasodilation. Millions of people worldwide can be diagnosed with vitamin C deficiency according to accepted definitions. In this perspective, the present review examines the evidence for a specific link between vitamin C deficiency and increased risk of atherosclerosis as well as the possible mechanisms by which vitamin C may exert its protective function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Frikke-Schmidt
- Section of Biomedicine, Department of Disease Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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von Eckardstein A, Rohrer L. Transendothelial lipoprotein transport and regulation of endothelial permeability and integrity by lipoproteins. Curr Opin Lipidol 2009; 20:197-205. [PMID: 19395962 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e32832afd63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Previously, the endothelium was considered as a passive exchange barrier of lipoproteins between plasma and extravascular tissues. This dogma is challenged by recent findings on a dual relationship between lipoproteins and endothelial permeability. RECENT FINDINGS LDL and HDL as well as apolipoprotein A-I pass the intact endothelium through transcytosis by processes, which involve caveolin-1, the LDL-receptor, ATP-binding cassette transporters A1 and G1 or scavenger receptor BI. Moreover, HDL help the endothelium to maintain structural integrity and hence selective permeability for biomolecules by keeping interendothelial junctions closed, by inhibiting endothelial cell apoptosis and by stimulating endothelial proliferation, migration and tube formation as well as the recruitment and differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells in damaged parts of the endothelium. Both apolipoprotein A-I and sphingosin-1-phosphate mediate many of the protective effects of HDL on the endothelium by interacting with endothelial scavenger receptor BI and sphingosin-1-phosphate receptors, respectively, and by activating intracellular signalling cascades, including the small G protein Rac, src-kinase, phosphoinositol 3 kinase, protein kinase B (Akt) and mitogen-activated protein kinases. SUMMARY The endothelium actively controls the trafficking of lipoproteins between intravascular and extravascular compartments. In addition, lipoproteins affect the integrity and permeability of the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold von Eckardstein
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Higgins LJ, Rutledge JC. Inflammation associated with the postprandial lipolysis of triglyceriderich lipoproteins by lipoprotein lipase. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2009; 11:199-205. [DOI: 10.1007/s11883-009-0031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Lipases are acyl hydrolases that represent a diverse group of enzymes present in organisms ranging from prokaryotes to humans. This article focuses on an evolutionarily related family of extracellular lipases that include lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase and endothelial lipase. As newly synthesized proteins, these lipases undergo a series of co- and post-translational maturation steps occurring in the endoplasmic reticulum, including glycosylation and glycan processing, and protein folding and subunit assembly. This article identifies and discusses mechanisms that direct early and late events in lipase folding and assembly. Lipase maturation employs the two general chaperone systems operating in the endoplasmic reticulum, as well as a recently identified lipase-specific chaperone termed lipase maturation factor 1. We propose that the two general chaperone systems act in a coordinated manner early in lipase maturation in order to help create partially folded monomers; lipase maturation factor 1 then facilitates final monomer folding and subunit assembly into fully functional homodimers. Once maturation is complete, the lipases exit the endoplasmic reticulum and are secreted to extracellular sites, where they carry out a number of functions related to lipoprotein and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H Doolittle
- VA Greater Los Angeles, Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, Bldg 113, Rm 312, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA, Tel.: +1 661 433 6349
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Doolittle MH, Ben-Zeev O, Bassilian S, Whitelegge JP, Péterfy M, Wong H. Hepatic lipase maturation: a partial proteome of interacting factors. J Lipid Res 2009; 50:1173-84. [PMID: 19136429 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m800603-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tandem affinity purification (TAP) has been used to isolate proteins that interact with human hepatic lipase (HL) during its maturation in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Using mass spectrometry and Western blotting, we identified 28 proteins in HL-TAP isolated complexes, 16 of which localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the site of HL folding and assembly. Of the 12 remaining proteins located outside the ER, five function in protein translation or ER-associated degradation (ERAD). Components of the two major ER chaperone systems were identified, the BiP/Grp94 and the calnexin (CNX)/calreticulin (CRT) systems. All factors involved in CNX/CRT chaperone cycling were identified, including UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase 1 (UGGT), glucosidase II, and the 57 kDa oxidoreductase (ERp57). We also show that CNX, and not CRT, is the lectin chaperone of choice during HL maturation. Along with the 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (Grp78; BiP) and the 94 kDa glucose-regulated protein (Grp94), an associated peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase and protein disulfide isomerase were also detected. Finally, several factors in ERAD were identified, and we provide evidence that terminally misfolded HL is degraded by the ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal pathway. We propose that newly synthesized HL emerging from the translocon first associates with CNX, ERp57, and glucosidase II, followed by repeated posttranslational cycles of CNX binding that is mediated by UGGT. BiP/Grp94 may stabilize misfolded HL during its transition between cycles of CNX binding and may help direct its eventual degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H Doolittle
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Torrejon C, Jung UJ, Deckelbaum RJ. n-3 Fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: actions and molecular mechanisms. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2007; 77:319-26. [PMID: 18060753 PMCID: PMC2386438 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2007.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Epidemiological studies and randomized control intervention trials have reported that n-3 fatty acids reduce cardiovascular events. A variety of biologic and molecular effects of n-3 fatty acids can modulate the mechanisms of development and progression of atherosclerosis. These include n-3 fatty acid effects on inflammation, cardiac excitability, platelet function, triglyceride blood levels, blood pressure and the stability of atheroma plaques. The molecular mechanisms are still not fully defined; but might involve changes in membrane fluidity, receptor responses and binding to intracellular receptors regulating gene transcription. Understanding and elucidating these mechanisms is important to development of future strategies for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Torrejon
- Department of Pediatrics and the Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 W 168th Street, PH1512, New York, NY 10032, USA
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