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Geng W, Thomas H, Chen Z, Yan Z, Zhang P, Zhang M, Huang W, Ren X, Wang Z, Ding K, Zhang J. Mechanisms of acquired resistance to HER2-Positive breast cancer therapies induced by HER3: A comprehensive review. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 977:176725. [PMID: 38851563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are cell surface receptors with kinase activity that play a crucial role in diverse cellular processes. Among the RTK family members, Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and HER3 are particularly relevant to breast cancer. The review delves into the complexities of receptor tyrosine kinase interactions, resistance mechanisms, and the potential of anti-HER3 drugs, offering valuable insights into the clinical implications and future directions in this field of study. It assesses the potential of anti-HER3 drugs, such as pertuzumab, in overcoming resistance observed in HER2-positive breast cancer therapies. The review also explores the resistance mechanisms associated with various drugs, including trastuzumab, lapatinib, and PI3K inhibitors, providing insights into the intricate molecular processes underlying resistance development. The review concludes by emphasizing the necessity for further clinical trials to assess the efficacy of HER3 inhibitors and the potential of developing safe and effective anti-HER3 treatments to improve treatment outcomes for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujun Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Research Center of Chemical Kinomics, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Holly Thomas
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Hatherly Laboratories, Streatham Campus, Exeter, EX4 4PS, UK
| | - Zhiyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Research Center of Chemical Kinomics, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhixiu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Research Center of Chemical Kinomics, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pujuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Research Center of Chemical Kinomics, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Meiying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Research Center of Chemical Kinomics, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Weixue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Research Center of Chemical Kinomics, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaomei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Research Center of Chemical Kinomics, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Research Center of Chemical Kinomics, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ke Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Research Center of Chemical Kinomics, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Research Center of Chemical Kinomics, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Hatherly Laboratories, Streatham Campus, Exeter, EX4 4PS, UK.
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2
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Cai A, Chen Y, Wang LS, Cusick JK, Shi Y. Depicting Biomarkers for HER2-Inhibitor Resistance: Implication for Therapy in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2635. [PMID: 39123362 PMCID: PMC11311605 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16152635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) is highly expressed in a variety of cancers, including breast, lung, gastric, and pancreatic cancers. Its amplification is linked to poor clinical outcomes. At the genetic level, HER2 is encoded by the ERBB2 gene (v-erb-b2 avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2), which is frequently mutated or amplified in cancers, thus spurring extensive research into HER2 modulation and inhibition as viable anti-cancer strategies. An impressive body of FDA-approved drugs, including anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), and HER2-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), have demonstrated success in enhancing overall survival (OS) and disease progression-free survival (PFS). Yet, drug resistance remains a persistent challenge and raises the risks of metastatic potential and tumor relapse. Research into alternative therapeutic options for HER2+ breast cancer therefore proves critical for adapting to this ever-evolving landscape. This review highlights current HER2-targeted therapies, discusses predictive biomarkers for drug resistance, and introduces promising emergent therapies-especially combination therapies-that are aimed at overcoming drug resistance in the context of HER2+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvan Cai
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA; (A.C.); (J.K.C.)
| | - Yuan Chen
- Section Pathology of the Institute of Forensic Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - Lily S. Wang
- University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
| | - John K. Cusick
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA; (A.C.); (J.K.C.)
| | - Yihui Shi
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA; (A.C.); (J.K.C.)
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, Sutter Bay Hospitals, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
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Ashokan A, Sarkar S, Kamran MZ, Surnar B, Kalathil AA, Spencer A, Dhar S. Simultaneous targeting of peripheral and brain tumors with a therapeutic nanoparticle to disrupt metabolic adaptability at both sites. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318119121. [PMID: 38709930 PMCID: PMC11098113 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318119121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain metastasis of advanced breast cancer often results in deleterious consequences. Metastases to the brain lead to significant challenges in treatment options, as the blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents conventional therapy. Thus, we hypothesized that creation of a nanoparticle (NP) that distributes to both primary tumor site and across the BBB for secondary brain tumor can be extremely beneficial. Here, we report a simple targeting strategy to attack both the primary breast and secondary brain tumors utilizing a single NP platform. The nature of these mitochondrion-targeted, BBB-penetrating NPs allow for simultaneous targeting and drug delivery to the hyperpolarized mitochondrial membrane of the extracranial primary tumor site in addition to tumors at the brain. By utilizing a combination of such dual anatomical distributing NPs loaded with therapeutics, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept idea to combat the increased metabolic plasticity of brain metastases by lowering two major energy sources, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis. By utilizing complementary studies and genomic analyses, we demonstrate the utility of a chemotherapeutic prodrug to decrease OXPHOS and glycolysis by pairing with a NP loaded with pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 inhibitor. Decreasing glycolysis aims to combat the metabolic flexibility of both primary and secondary tumors for therapeutic outcome. We also address the in vivo safety parameters by addressing peripheral neuropathy and neurobehavior outcomes. Our results also demonstrate that this combination therapeutic approach utilizes mitochondrial genome targeting strategy to overcome DNA repair-based chemoresistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Ashokan
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL33136
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL33136
| | - Shrita Sarkar
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL33136
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL33136
| | - Mohammad Z. Kamran
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL33136
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL33136
| | - Bapurao Surnar
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL33136
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL33136
| | - Akil A. Kalathil
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL33136
| | - Alexis Spencer
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL33136
| | - Shanta Dhar
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL33136
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL33136
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL33146
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4
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Deshpande K, Martirosian V, Nakamura BN, Das D, Iyer M, Reed M, Shao L, Bamshad D, Buckley NJ, Neman J. SRRM4-mediated REST to REST4 dysregulation promotes tumor growth and neural adaptation in breast cancer leading to brain metastasis. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:309-322. [PMID: 37716001 PMCID: PMC10836770 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective control of brain metastasis remains an urgent clinical need due a limited understanding of the mechanisms driving it. Although the gain of neuro-adaptive attributes in breast-to-brain metastases (BBMs) has been described, the mechanisms that govern this neural acclimation and the resulting brain metastasis competency are poorly understood. Herein, we define the role of neural-specific splicing factor Serine/Arginine Repetitive Matrix Protein 4 (SRRM4) in regulating microenvironmental adaptation and brain metastasis colonization in breast cancer cells. METHODS Utilizing pure neuronal cultures and brain-naive and patient-derived BM tumor cells, along with in vivo tumor modeling, we surveyed the early induction of mediators of neural acclimation in tumor cells. RESULTS When SRRM4 is overexpressed in systemic breast cancer cells, there is enhanced BBM leading to poorer overall survival in vivo. Concomitantly, SRRM4 knockdown expression does not provide any advantage in central nervous system metastasis. In addition, reducing SRRM4 expression in breast cancer cells slows down proliferation and increases resistance to chemotherapy. Conversely, when SRRM4/REST4 levels are elevated, tumor cell growth is maintained even in nutrient-deprived conditions. In neuronal coculture, decreasing SRRM4 expression in breast cancer cells impairs their ability to adapt to the brain microenvironment, while increasing SRRM4/RE-1 Silencing Transcription Factor (REST4) levels leads to greater expression of neurotransmitter and synaptic signaling mediators and a significant colonization advantage. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings identify SRRM4 as a regulator of brain metastasis colonization, and a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krutika Deshpande
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- USC Brain Tumor Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA)
| | - Vahan Martirosian
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- USC Brain Tumor Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brooke N Nakamura
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- USC Brain Tumor Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Diganta Das
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- USC Brain Tumor Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mukund Iyer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- USC Brain Tumor Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Max Reed
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ling Shao
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniella Bamshad
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Noel J Buckley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Josh Neman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- USC Brain Tumor Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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5
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Fares J, Petrosyan E, Kanojia D, Dmello C, Cordero A, Duffy JT, Yeeravalli R, Sahani MH, Zhang P, Rashidi A, Arrieta VA, Ulasov I, Ahmed AU, Miska J, Balyasnikova IV, James CD, Sonabend AM, Heimberger AB, Lesniak MS. Metixene is an incomplete autophagy inducer in preclinical models of metastatic cancer and brain metastases. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e161142. [PMID: 37847564 PMCID: PMC10721147 DOI: 10.1172/jci161142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A paucity of chemotherapeutic options for metastatic brain cancer limits patient survival and portends poor clinical outcomes. Using a CNS small-molecule inhibitor library of 320 agents known to be blood-brain barrier permeable and approved by the FDA, we interrogated breast cancer brain metastasis vulnerabilities to identify an effective agent. Metixene, an antiparkinsonian drug, was identified as a top therapeutic agent that was capable of decreasing cellular viability and inducing cell death across different metastatic breast cancer subtypes. This agent significantly reduced mammary tumor size in orthotopic xenograft assays and improved survival in an intracardiac model of multiorgan site metastases. Metixene further extended survival in mice bearing intracranial xenografts and in an intracarotid mouse model of multiple brain metastases. Functional analysis revealed that metixene induced incomplete autophagy through N-Myc downstream regulated 1 (NDRG1) phosphorylation, thereby leading to caspase-mediated apoptosis in both primary and brain-metastatic cells, regardless of cancer subtype or origin. CRISPR/Cas9 KO of NDRG1 led to autophagy completion and reversal of the metixene apoptotic effect. Metixene is a promising therapeutic agent against metastatic brain cancer, with minimal reported side effects in humans, which merits consideration for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Fares
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Edgar Petrosyan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Deepak Kanojia
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Crismita Dmello
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alex Cordero
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joseph T. Duffy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ragini Yeeravalli
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mayurbhai H. Sahani
- Dr. Vikram Sarabhai Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Aida Rashidi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Victor A. Arrieta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ilya Ulasov
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Atique U. Ahmed
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jason Miska
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Irina V. Balyasnikova
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - C. David James
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Adam M. Sonabend
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Amy B. Heimberger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Maciej S. Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Blasquez L, Bouzinba‐Segard H, Bourdoulous S, Faure C. Ebselen oxide and derivatives are new allosteric HER2 inhibitors for HER2-positive cancers. Mol Oncol 2023; 17:1981-1999. [PMID: 36912768 PMCID: PMC10552892 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ErbB2/HER2) is a tyrosine kinase receptor that is overexpressed in 25% of primary human breast cancers, as well as in multiple other cancers. HER2-targeted therapies improved progression-free and overall survival in patients with HER2+ breast cancers. However, associated resistance mechanisms and toxicity highlight the need for new therapeutic approaches for these cancers. We recently established that, in normal cells, HER2 is stabilized in a catalytically repressed state by direct interaction with members of the ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) family. In HER2-overexpressing tumors, the low expression of moesin contributes to the aberrant activation of HER2. Through a screen designed to find moesin-mimicking compounds, we identified ebselen oxide. We show that ebselen oxide, and some derivatives, conferred an efficient allosteric inhibition of overexpressed HER2, as well as mutated and truncated oncogenic forms of HER2, which are resistant to current therapies. Ebselen oxide selectively inhibited anchorage-dependent and -independent proliferation of HER2+ cancer cells and showed a significant benefit in combination with current anti-HER2 therapeutic agents. Finally, ebselen oxide significantly blocked HER2+ breast tumor progression in vivo. Collectively, these data provide evidence that ebselen oxide is a newly identified allosteric inhibitor of HER2 to be considered for therapeutic intervention on HER2+ cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Blasquez
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut CochinParisFrance
| | | | | | - Camille Faure
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut CochinParisFrance
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7
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Kannan S, Cheng VWT. Nanoparticle drug delivery to target breast cancer brain metastasis: Current and future trends. Int J Cancer 2023; 153:1118-1129. [PMID: 37096795 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) is rapidly becoming an impediment to continuing survival gains seen in breast cancer patients. Drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier is the main issue hindering systemic therapy against BCBM. This review details recent advances in nanoparticle (NP) drug delivery systems to target BCBM. Their primary benefits are: enhanced circulating and intra-BCBM drug biodistribution, BCBM targeting through NP functionalization, opportunities for gene manipulation and their theragnostic applications. Multiple NPs have been synthesized to deliver therapeutic HER2 blockade, which is particularly important given HER2-positive breast cancer's tendency to form BCBM. Finally, we review the clinical context in which NP-based therapeutics have been investigated in BCBM patients. While a breakthrough in improving patient outcomes remain awaited, these clinical trials represent positive steps in the changing attitude towards BCBM as a treatable illness. Although multiple challenges remain in the clinical translation of BCBM-directed NP therapies, ongoing research in the field offers promising avenues for novel targeting of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddarth Kannan
- School of Medicine, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Vinton W T Cheng
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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8
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Zhou F, Yang G, Xue L, Liu Y, Guo Y, Zhu J, Yuan L, Gu P, Tang F, Shan J, Tang R. SCR-6852, an oral and highly brain-penetrating estrogen receptor degrader (SERD), effectively shrinks tumors both in intracranial and subcutaneous ER + breast cancer models. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:96. [PMID: 37580832 PMCID: PMC10426190 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01695-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeted estrogen receptor degradation has been approved to effectively treat ER + breast cancers. Due to the poor bioavailability of fulvestrant, the first generation of SERD, many efforts were made to develop oral SERDs. With the approval of Elacestrant, oral SERDs demonstrated superior efficacy than fulvestrant. However, due to the poor ability of known SERDs to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB), breast cancer patients with brain metastasis cannot benefit from clinical SERDs. METHODS The ER inhibitory effects were evaluated on ERα protein degradation, and target genes downregulation. And anti-proliferation activities were further determined in a panel of ER + breast cancer cell lines. The subcutaneous and intracranial ER + tumor models were used to evaluate the efficacy of anti-tumor effects. Brain penetrability was determined in multiple animal species. RESULTS SCR-6852 is a novel SERD and currently is under early clinical evaluation. In vitro studies demonstrated that it strongly induced both wildtype and mutant ERα degradation. It potently inhibited cell proliferation in a panel of ER + breast cancer cell lines, including the cell lines containing ESR1 mutations (Y537 and D538). Furthermore, SCR-6852 exhibited pure antagonistic activities on the ERɑ signal axis identified both in vitro and in vivo. Oral administration of SCR-6852 at 10 mg/kg resulted in tumor shrinkage which was superior to Fulvestrant at 250 mg/kg, notably, in the intracranial tumor model, SCR-6852 effectively inhibited tumor growth and significantly prolonged mice survival, which correlated well with the high exposure in brains. In addition to mice, SCR-6852 also exhibited high brain penetrability in rats and dogs. CONCLUSIONS SCR-6852 is a novel SERD with high potency in inducing ERα protein degradation and pure antagonistic activity on ERɑ signaling in vitro and in vivo. Due to the high brain penetrability, SCR-6852 could be used to treat breast patients with brain metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Nanjing, China
- Simcere Zaiming Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Guimei Yang
- Simcere Zaiming Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Liting Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Nanjing, China
- Simcere Zaiming Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yajing Liu
- Simcere Zaiming Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Guo
- Simcere Zaiming Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Zhu
- Simcere Zaiming Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Yuan
- Simcere Zaiming Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Gu
- Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Jinwen Shan
- Simcere Zaiming Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Renhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Nanjing, China.
- Simcere Zaiming Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China.
- Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China.
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9
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pH-sensitive oleuropein-loaded niosome: Efficient treatment for metastatic brain tumors in initial steps in-vivo. OPENNANO 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onano.2022.100095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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10
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An in vivo and in vitro assessment of the anti-breast cancer activity of crude extract and fractions from Prunella vulgaris L. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11183. [PMCID: PMC9636486 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prunella vulgaris L.(P. vulgaris) is a perennial herb belonging to the Labiate family and widely distributed in China, Japan, Korea and Europe. Medical monographs and previous studies have shown that P. vulgaris has significant anti-breast cancer activity, and its use in breast treatment has a long history. However, systematically reports about the material basis and mechanism of P. vulgaris on anti-breast cancer activity are limited. In the present study, we first screened the best active fraction from the crude extract (PVE) and ethanol eluted fractions of P. vulgaris by using MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, 4T1 cell models in vitro and a 4T1-BALB/c transplanted tumour mouse breast cancer model in vivo. Furthermore, the anti-breast cancer mechanism of the best active fraction was investigated. The results demonstrated that PVE and ethanol fractions exhibited anti-breast cancer activity, especially with the 50% ethanol eluted fraction (PV50), which effectively regulated the 4T1 cell cycle, inhibited tumour cell proliferation, and promoted cancer cell apoptosis. In case of in vivo assays, PV50 inhibited tumour growth and lung metastasis, as well as inducing cell apoptosis by promoting damage of nuclear DNA and increasing expression of cleaved caspase-3. In addition, the chemical compositions of PV50 were analyzed by HPLC and UPLC-MS/MS, which were identified as flavonoids, moderately polar triterpenes, and a small amount of phenolic acid. The PV50 could be applied as natural sources against breast cancer in the pharmaceutical industry. These findings provide a basis for understanding the mechanism of the anti-breast cancer activity of P. vulgaris.
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11
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Matsui JK, Perlow HK, Raj RK, Nalin AP, Lehrer EJ, Kotecha R, Trifiletti DM, McClelland S, Kendra K, Williams N, Owen DH, Presley CJ, Thomas EM, Beyer SJ, Blakaj DM, Ahluwalia MS, Raval RR, Palmer JD. Treatment of Brain Metastases: The Synergy of Radiotherapy and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2211. [PMID: 36140312 PMCID: PMC9496359 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases are a devastating sequela of common primary cancers (e.g., lung, breast, and skin) and have limited effective therapeutic options. Previously, systemic chemotherapy failed to demonstrate significant benefit in patients with brain metastases, but in recent decades, targeted therapies and more recently immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have yielded promising results in preclinical and clinical studies. Furthermore, there is significant interest in harnessing the immunomodulatory effects of radiotherapy (RT) to synergize with ICIs. Herein, we discuss studies evaluating the impact of RT dose and fractionation on the immune response, early studies supporting the synergistic interaction between RT and ICIs, and ongoing clinical trials assessing the benefit of combination therapy in patients with brain metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haley K. Perlow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rohit K. Raj
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ansel P. Nalin
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eric J. Lehrer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rupesh Kotecha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33176, USA
| | | | - Shearwood McClelland
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Kari Kendra
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nicole Williams
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dwight H. Owen
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Carolyn J. Presley
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Evan M. Thomas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sasha J. Beyer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dukagjin M. Blakaj
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Manmeet S. Ahluwalia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33176, USA
| | - Raju R. Raval
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Joshua D. Palmer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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12
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Engineering micro oxygen factories to slow tumour progression via hyperoxic microenvironments. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4495. [PMID: 35918337 PMCID: PMC9345862 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32066-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
While hypoxia promotes carcinogenesis, tumour aggressiveness, metastasis, and resistance to oncological treatments, the impacts of hyperoxia on tumours are rarely explored because providing a long-lasting oxygen supply in vivo is a major challenge. Herein, we construct micro oxygen factories, namely, photosynthesis microcapsules (PMCs), by encapsulation of acquired cyanobacteria and upconversion nanoparticles in alginate microcapsules. This system enables a long-lasting oxygen supply through the conversion of external radiation into red-wavelength emissions for photosynthesis in cyanobacteria. PMC treatment suppresses the NF-kB pathway, HIF-1α production and cancer cell proliferation. Hyperoxic microenvironment created by an in vivo PMC implant inhibits hepatocarcinoma growth and metastasis and has synergistic effects together with anti-PD-1 in breast cancer. The engineering oxygen factories offer potential for tumour biology studies in hyperoxic microenvironments and inspire the exploration of oncological treatments.
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Kim H, Sa JK, Kim J, Cho HJ, Oh HJ, Choi D, Kang S, Jeong DE, Nam D, Lee H, Lee HW, Chung S. Recapitulated Crosstalk between Cerebral Metastatic Lung Cancer Cells and Brain Perivascular Tumor Microenvironment in a Microfluidic Co-Culture Chip. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201785. [PMID: 35657027 PMCID: PMC9353479 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), which affects the brain, is fatal and resistant to anti-cancer therapies. Despite innate, distinct characteristics of the brain from other organs, the underlying delicate crosstalk between brain metastatic NSCLC (BM-NSCLC) cells and brain tumor microenvironment (bTME) associated with tumor evolution remains elusive. Here, a novel 3D microfluidic tri-culture platform is proposed for recapitulating positive feedback from BM-NSCLC and astrocytes and brain-specific endothelial cells, two major players in bTME. Advanced imaging and quantitative functional assessment of the 3D tri-culture model enable real-time live imaging of cell viability and separate analyses of genomic/molecular/secretome from each subset. Susceptibility of multiple patient-derived BM-NSCLCs to representative targeted agents is altered and secretion of serpin E1, interleukin-8, and secreted phosphoprotein 1, which are associated with tumor aggressiveness and poor clinical outcome, is increased in tri-culture. Notably, multiple signaling pathways involved in inflammatory responses, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, and cancer metastasis are activated in BM-NSCLC through interaction with two bTME cell types. This novel platform offers a tool to elucidate potential molecular targets and for effective anti-cancer therapy targeting the crosstalk between metastatic cancer cells and adjacent components of bTME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunho Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA02114USA
| | - Jason K. Sa
- Department of Biomedical SciencesKorea University College of MedicineSeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Hee Jin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Convergence Science and TechnologyKyungpook National UniversityDaegu41566Republic of Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research InstituteKyungpook National UniversityDaegu41944Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Oh
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Dong‐Hee Choi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Seok‐Hyeon Kang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Da Eun Jeong
- Bioscience division, Life Sciences and Laboratory Products GroupThermo Fisher Scientific SolutionsSeoul06349Republic of Korea
| | - Do‐Hyun Nam
- Institute for Refractory Cancer ResearchSamsung Medical CenterSeoul06351Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Science & Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST)Sungkyunkwan UniversitySeoul06351Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoul06351Republic of Korea
| | - Hakho Lee
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA02114USA
| | - Hye Won Lee
- Department of Urology, Center for Urologic CancerNational Cancer CenterGoyang10408Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Chung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and TechnologyKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
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14
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Hammash D, Mahfood M, Khoder G, Ahmed M, Tlili A, Hamoudi R, Harati R. miR-623 Targets Metalloproteinase-1 and Attenuates Extravasation of Brain Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. BREAST CANCER: TARGETS AND THERAPY 2022; 14:187-198. [PMID: 35936987 PMCID: PMC9354772 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s372083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Most breast cancer-related deaths result from metastasis. Understanding the molecular basis of metastasis is needed for the development of effective targeted and preventive strategies. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1) plays an important role in brain metastasis (BM) of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) by promoting extravasation of cancer cells across the brain endothelium (BE). MMP1 expression is controlled by endogenous microRNAs. Preliminary bioinformatics analysis has revealed that miR-623, known to target the 3ʹUTR of MMP1, is significantly downregulated in brain metastatic tumors compared to primary BC tumors. However, the involvement of miR-623 in MMP1 upregulation in breast cancer brain metastatic cells (BCBMC) remains unexplored. Here, we investigated the role of miR-623 in MMP1 regulation and its impact on the extravasation of TNBC cells through the BE in vitro. Materials and Methods A loss-and-gain of function method was employed to address the effect of miR-623 modulation on MMP1 expression. MMP1 regulation by miR-623 was investigated by real-time PCR, western blot, luciferase and transwell migration assays using an in vitro human BE model. Results Our results confirmed that brain metastatic TNBC cells express lower levels of miR-623 compared with cells having low propensity to spread toward the brain. miR-623 binds to the 3′-untranslated region of MMP1 transcript and downregulates its expression. Restoring miR-623 expression significantly decreased MMP1 expression, preserved the endothelial barrier integrity, and attenuated transmigration of BCBMC through the BE. Conclusion Our study elucidates, for the first time, the crucial role of miR-623 as MMP1 direct regulator in BCBMC and sheds light on miR-623 as a novel therapeutic target that can be exploited to predict and prevent brain metastasis in TNBC. Importantly, the presents study helps in unraveling a brain metastasis-specific microRNA signature in TNBC that can be used as a guide to personalized metastasis prediction and preventive approach with better therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dua Hammash
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mona Mahfood
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ghalia Khoder
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technologies, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Munazza Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdelaziz Tlili
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rania Harati
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: Rania Harati, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, Tel +971 6 505 7438, Fax +971 6 558 5812, Email
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16
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Chen Q, Li Q, Liang Y, Zu M, Chen N, Canup BS, Luo L, Wang C, Zeng L, Xiao B. Natural exosome-like nanovesicles from edible tea flowers suppress metastatic breast cancer via ROS generation and microbiota modulation. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:907-923. [PMID: 35256954 PMCID: PMC8897038 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several artificial nanotherapeutics have been approved for practical treatment of metastatic breast cancer, their inefficient therapeutic outcomes, serious adverse effects, and high cost of mass production remain crucial challenges. Herein, we developed an alternative strategy to specifically trigger apoptosis of breast tumors and inhibit their lung metastasis by using natural nanovehicles from tea flowers (TFENs). These nanovehicles had desirable particle sizes (131 nm), exosome-like morphology, and negative zeta potentials. Furthermore, TFENs were found to contain large amounts of polyphenols, flavonoids, functional proteins, and lipids. Cell experiments revealed that TFENs showed strong cytotoxicities against cancer cells due to the stimulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) amplification. The increased intracellular ROS amounts could not only trigger mitochondrial damage, but also arrest cell cycle, resulting in the in vitro anti-proliferation, anti-migration, and anti-invasion activities against breast cancer cells. Further mice investigations demonstrated that TFENs after intravenous (i.v.) injection or oral administration could accumulate in breast tumors and lung metastatic sites, inhibit the growth and metastasis of breast cancer, and modulate gut microbiota. This study brings new insights to the green production of natural exosome-like nanoplatform for the inhibition of breast cancer and its lung metastasis via i.v. and oral routes.
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Key Words
- AF633, Alexa Fluor 633-labeled phalloidin
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN, urea nitrogen
- Breast cancer
- CDK, CYCLIN-dependent kinase
- CRE, creatinine
- DAF-FM DA, 4-amino-5-methylamino-2′,7′-difluorofluorescein diacetate
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DCFH-DA, dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate
- DGDG, digalactosyl diacylglycerols
- DHE, dihydroethidium
- DLS, dynamic light scattering
- DiO, 3,3′-dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine perchlorate
- DiR, 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′′,3′-tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide
- EC, epicatechin
- ECG, epicatechin gallate
- EGCG, epigallocatechin gallate
- Exosome-like nanoparticle
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- GIT, gastrointestinal tract
- H&E, Hematoxylin & Eosin
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- Intravenous injection
- LC‒MS, liquid chromatography‒mass spectrometry
- MFI, mean fluorescence intensity
- MGDG, monogalactosyl diacylglycerols
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- Metastasis
- Microbiota modulation
- NO, nitrogen monoxide
- NPs, nanoparticles
- OUT, operational taxonomic unit
- Oral administration
- PA, phosphatidic acids
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PC, phosphatidylcholines
- PDI, polydispersity index
- PE, phosphatidylethanolamines
- PG, phosphatidylglycerol
- PI, phosphatidylinositol
- PLT, platelets
- PMe, phosphatidylmethanol
- PS, phosphatidylserine
- RBC, red blood cell
- RNS, reactive nitrogen species
- ROS generation
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SA, superoxide anion
- SQDG, sulphoquinovosyl diylyceride
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy
- TFENs, exosome-like NPs from tea flowers
- TG, triglyceride
- TUNEL, TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-end labeling
- Tea flower
- WBC, white blood cell
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17
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Shen E, Van Swearingen AED, Price MJ, Bulsara K, Verhaak RGW, Baëta C, Painter BD, Reitman ZJ, Salama AKS, Clarke JM, Anders CK, Fecci PE, Goodwin CR, Walsh KM. A Need for More Molecular Profiling in Brain Metastases. Front Oncol 2022; 11:785064. [PMID: 35145903 PMCID: PMC8821807 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.785064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As local disease control improves, the public health impact of brain metastases (BrM) continues to grow. Molecular features are frequently different between primary and metastatic tumors as a result of clonal evolution during neoplasm migration, selective pressures imposed by systemic treatments, and differences in the local microenvironment. However, biomarker information in BrM is not routinely obtained despite emerging evidence of its clinical value. We review evidence of discordance in clinically actionable biomarkers between primary tumors, extracranial metastases, and BrM. Although BrM biopsy/resection imposes clinical risks, these risks must be weighed against the potential benefits of assessing biomarkers in BrM. First, new treatment targets unique to a patient's BrM may be identified. Second, as BrM may occur late in a patient's disease course, resistance to initial targeted therapies and/or loss of previously identified biomarkers can occur by the time of occult BrM, rendering initial and other targeted therapies ineffective. Thus, current biomarker data can inform real-time treatment options. Third, biomarker information in BrM may provide useful prognostic information for patients. Appreciating the importance of biomarker analyses in BrM tissue, including how it may identify specific drivers of BrM, is critical for the development of more effective treatment strategies to improve outcomes for this growing patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Shen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, United States
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Amanda E. D. Van Swearingen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Center for Brain and Spine Metastasis, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Meghan J. Price
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ketan Bulsara
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Roeland G. W. Verhaak
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, United States
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra (UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU) University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - César Baëta
- Duke Center for Brain and Spine Metastasis, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Brice D. Painter
- Duke Center for Brain and Spine Metastasis, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Zachary J. Reitman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - April K. S. Salama
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Center for Brain and Spine Metastasis, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Clarke
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Center for Brain and Spine Metastasis, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Carey K. Anders
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Center for Brain and Spine Metastasis, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Peter E. Fecci
- Duke Center for Brain and Spine Metastasis, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - C. Rory Goodwin
- Duke Center for Brain and Spine Metastasis, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kyle M. Walsh
- Duke Center for Brain and Spine Metastasis, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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Lim M, Nguyen TH, Niland C, Reid LE, Jat PS, Saunus JM, Lakhani SR. Landscape of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Heterodimers in Brain Metastases. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030533. [PMID: 35158800 PMCID: PMC8833370 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary HER2+ breast cancer patients are treated with agents that tag HER2+ tumour cells for elimination by the immune system, down-modulate HER2 activity and/or block the formation of HER2 dimers, including the neuregulin-1 receptor, HER2-HER3. HER2-targeted therapies prolong survival by lowering the risk of relapse, but do not prevent brain metastases. The reasons for this are not fully understood. We quantified HER2-HER3 dimers in 203 brain metastases, and 34 primary breast tumour samples. Dimer frequency was relatively high in brain metastases from breast, ovarian, lung and kidney cancers, and in brain metastases compared to patient-matched breast tumours; but did not reliably correlate with HER2/HER3 expression or activation. In in vitro experiments, pertuzumab failed to suppress HER2-HER3 dimers in HER2+ breast cancer cells provided with a saturating concentration of neuregulin-1. These findings may provide insights about the differences in intracranial versus extracranial efficacy of HER2-targeted therapies. Abstract HER2+ breast cancer patients have an elevated risk of developing brain metastases (BM), despite adjuvant HER2-targeted therapy. The mechanisms underpinning this reduced intracranial efficacy are unclear. We optimised the in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA) for detection of the high-affinity neuregulin-1 receptor, HER2-HER3 (a key target of pertuzumab), in archival tissue samples and developed a pipeline for high throughput extraction of PLA data from fluorescent microscope image files. Applying this to a large BM sample cohort (n = 159) showed that BM from breast, ovarian, lung and kidney cancers have higher HER2-HER3 levels than other primary tumour types (melanoma, colorectal and prostate cancers). HER2 status, and tumour cell membrane expression of pHER2(Y1221/1222) and pHER3(Y1222) were positively, but not exclusively, associated with HER2-HER3 frequency. In an independent cohort (n = 78), BM had significantly higher HER2-HER3 levels than matching primary tumours (p = 0.0002). For patients who had two craniotomy procedures, HER2-HER3 dimer levels were lower in the consecutive lesion (n = 7; p = 0.006). We also investigated the effects of trastuzumab and pertuzumab on five different heterodimers in vitro: HER2-EGFR, HER2-HER4, HER2-HER3, HER3-HER4, HER3-EGFR. Treatment significantly altered the absolute frequencies of individual complexes in SKBr3 and/or MDA-MB-361 cells, but in the presence of neuregulin-1, the overall distribution was not markedly altered, with HER2-HER3 and HER2-HER4 remaining predominant. Together, these findings suggest that markers of HER2 and HER3 expression are not always indicative of dimerization, and that pertuzumab may be less effective at reducing HER2-HER3 dimerization in the context of excess neuregulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm Lim
- Faculty of Medicine, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia; (M.L.); (C.N.); (L.E.R.)
| | - Tam H. Nguyen
- Flow Cytometry and Imaging Facility, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia;
| | - Colleen Niland
- Faculty of Medicine, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia; (M.L.); (C.N.); (L.E.R.)
| | - Lynne E. Reid
- Faculty of Medicine, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia; (M.L.); (C.N.); (L.E.R.)
| | - Parmjit S. Jat
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and MRC Prion Unit, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK;
| | - Jodi M. Saunus
- Faculty of Medicine, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia; (M.L.); (C.N.); (L.E.R.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.S.); (S.R.L.)
| | - Sunil R. Lakhani
- Faculty of Medicine, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia; (M.L.); (C.N.); (L.E.R.)
- Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane Women’s Hospital, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
- Correspondence: (J.M.S.); (S.R.L.)
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19
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Parida PK, Marquez-Palencia M, Nair V, Kaushik AK, Kim K, Sudderth J, Quesada-Diaz E, Cajigas A, Vemireddy V, Gonzalez-Ericsson PI, Sanders ME, Mobley BC, Huffman K, Sahoo S, Alluri P, Lewis C, Peng Y, Bachoo RM, Arteaga CL, Hanker AB, DeBerardinis RJ, Malladi S. Metabolic diversity within breast cancer brain-tropic cells determines metastatic fitness. Cell Metab 2022; 34:90-105.e7. [PMID: 34986341 PMCID: PMC9307073 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
HER2+ breast cancer patients are presented with either synchronous (S-BM), latent (Lat), or metachronous (M-BM) brain metastases. However, the basis for disparate metastatic fitness among disseminated tumor cells of similar oncotype within a distal organ remains unknown. Here, employing brain metastatic models, we show that metabolic diversity and plasticity within brain-tropic cells determine metastatic fitness. Lactate secreted by aggressive metastatic cells or lactate supplementation to mice bearing Lat cells limits innate immunosurveillance and triggers overt metastasis. Attenuating lactate metabolism in S-BM impedes metastasis, while M-BM adapt and survive as residual disease. In contrast to S-BM, Lat and M-BM survive in equilibrium with innate immunosurveillance, oxidize glutamine, and maintain cellular redox homeostasis through the anionic amino acid transporter xCT. Moreover, xCT expression is significantly higher in matched M-BM brain metastatic samples compared to primary tumors from HER2+ breast cancer patients. Inhibiting xCT function attenuates residual disease and recurrence in these preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravat Kumar Parida
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mauricio Marquez-Palencia
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Vidhya Nair
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Akash K Kaushik
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kangsan Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jessica Sudderth
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Eduardo Quesada-Diaz
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ambar Cajigas
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Vamsidhara Vemireddy
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Paula I Gonzalez-Ericsson
- Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Melinda E Sanders
- Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bret C Mobley
- Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kenneth Huffman
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sunati Sahoo
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Prasanna Alluri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Cheryl Lewis
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Robert M Bachoo
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Carlos L Arteaga
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ariella B Hanker
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Srinivas Malladi
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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20
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Modulation of the Blood-Brain Barrier for Drug Delivery to Brain. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122024. [PMID: 34959306 PMCID: PMC8708282 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) precisely controls brain microenvironment and neural activity by regulating substance transport into and out of the brain. However, it severely hinders drug entry into the brain, and the efficiency of various systemic therapies against brain diseases. Modulation of the BBB via opening tight junctions, inhibiting active efflux and/or enhancing transcytosis, possesses the potential to increase BBB permeability and improve intracranial drug concentrations and systemic therapeutic efficiency. Various strategies of BBB modulation have been reported and investigated preclinically and/or clinically. This review describes conventional and emerging BBB modulation strategies and related mechanisms, and safety issues according to BBB structures and functions, to try to give more promising directions for designing more reasonable preclinical and clinical studies.
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21
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Faure C, Djerbi-Bouillié R, Domingot A, Bouzinba-Segard H, Taouji S, Saidi Y, Bernard S, Carallis F, Rothe-Walther R, Lenormand JL, Chevet E, Bourdoulous S. Allosteric Inhibition of HER2 by Moesin-Mimicking Compounds Targets HER2-Positive Cancers and Brain Metastases. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5464-5476. [PMID: 34493594 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Therapies targeting the tyrosine kinase receptor HER2 have significantly improved survival of patients with HER2+ cancer. However, both de novo and acquired resistance remain a challenge, particularly in the brain metastatic setting. Here we report that, unlike other HER tyrosine kinase receptors, HER2 possesses a binding motif in its cytosolic juxtamembrane region that allows interaction with members of the Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin (ERM) family. Under physiologic conditions, this interaction controls the localization of HER2 in ERM-enriched domains and stabilizes HER2 in a catalytically repressed state. In HER2+ breast cancers, low expression of Moesin correlated with increased HER2 expression. Restoring expression of ERM proteins in HER2+ breast cancer cells was sufficient to revert HER2 activation and inhibit HER2-dependent proliferation. A high-throughput assay recapitulating the HER2-ERM interaction allowed for screening of about 1,500 approved drugs. From this screen, we found Zuclopenthixol, an antipsychotic drug that behaved as a Moesin-mimicking compound, because it directly binds the juxtamembrane region of HER2 and specifically inhibits HER2 activation in HER2+ cancers, as well as activation of oncogenic mutated and truncated forms of HER2. Zuclopenthixol efficiently inhibited HER2+ breast tumor progression in vitro and in vivo and, more importantly, showed significant activity on HER2+ brain tumor progression. Collectively, these data reveal a novel class of allosteric HER2 inhibitors, increasing the number of approaches to consider for intervention on HER2+ breast cancers and brain metastases. SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrates the functional role of Moesin in maintaining HER2 in a catalytically repressed state and provides novel therapeutic approaches targeting HER2+ breast cancers and brain metastasis using Moesin-mimicking compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Faure
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France.
| | | | - Anaïs Domingot
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | | | - Saïd Taouji
- Inserm, Université de Bordeaux, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - Yanis Saidi
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Bernard
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | | | - Romy Rothe-Walther
- TIMC-IMAG Laboratory, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier, UFR de Médecine, La Tronche, France
| | - Jean-Luc Lenormand
- TIMC-IMAG Laboratory, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier, UFR de Médecine, La Tronche, France
| | - Eric Chevet
- Inserm, Université de Bordeaux, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
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22
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Wang CC. Metabolic Stress Adaptations Underlie Mammary Gland Morphogenesis and Breast Cancer Progression. Cells 2021; 10:2641. [PMID: 34685621 PMCID: PMC8534177 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancers display dynamic reprogrammed metabolic activities as cancers develop from premalignant lesions to primary tumors, and then metastasize. Numerous advances focus on how tumors develop pro-proliferative metabolic signaling that differs them from adjacent, non-transformed epithelial tissues. This leads to targetable oncogene-driven liabilities among breast cancer subtypes. Other advances demonstrate how microenvironments trigger stress-response at single-cell resolution. Microenvironmental heterogeneities give rise to cell regulatory states in cancer cell spheroids in three-dimensional cultures and at stratified terminal end buds during mammary gland morphogenesis, where stress and survival signaling juxtapose. The cell-state specificity in stress signaling networks recapture metabolic evolution during cancer progression. Understanding lineage-specific metabolic phenotypes in experimental models is useful for gaining a deeper understanding of subtype-selective breast cancer metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chao Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; ; Tel.: +886-3-516-2589
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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23
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Al‐Akhrass H, Pietilä M, Lilja J, Vesilahti E, Anttila JM, Haikala HM, Munne PM, Klefström J, Peuhu E, Ivaska J. Sortilin-related receptor is a druggable therapeutic target in breast cancer. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:116-129. [PMID: 34564954 PMCID: PMC8732349 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In breast cancer, the currently approved anti‐receptor tyrosine‐protein kinase erbB‐2 (HER2) therapies do not fully meet the expected clinical goals due to therapy resistance. Identifying alternative HER2‐related therapeutic targets could offer a means to overcome these resistance mechanisms. We have previously demonstrated that an endosomal sorting protein, sortilin‐related receptor (SorLA), regulates the traffic and signaling of HER2 and HER3, thus promoting resistance to HER2‐targeted therapy in breast cancer. This study aims to assess the feasibility of targeting SorLA using a monoclonal antibody. Our results demonstrate that anti‐SorLA antibody (SorLA ab) alters the resistance of breast cancer cells to HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab in vitro and in ovo. We found that SorLA ab and trastuzumab combination therapy also inhibits tumor cell proliferation and tumor cell density in a mouse xenograft model of HER2‐positive breast cancer. In addition, SorLA ab inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer patient‐derived explant three‐dimensional cultures. These results provide, for the first time, proof of principle that SorLA is a druggable target in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Al‐Akhrass
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityFinland
| | - Mika Pietilä
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityFinland
- Present address:
Janssen‐Cilag OyVaisalantie 2Espoo02130Finland
| | - Johanna Lilja
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityFinland
| | | | - Johanna M. Anttila
- Finnish Cancer InstituteFICAN South Helsinki University Hospital & Medical FacultyUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
| | - Heidi M. Haikala
- Finnish Cancer InstituteFICAN South Helsinki University Hospital & Medical FacultyUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
| | - Pauliina M. Munne
- Finnish Cancer InstituteFICAN South Helsinki University Hospital & Medical FacultyUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
| | - Juha Klefström
- Finnish Cancer InstituteFICAN South Helsinki University Hospital & Medical FacultyUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
| | - Emilia Peuhu
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityFinland
- Institute of Biomedicine, Cancer Research Laboratory FICAN WestUniversity of TurkuFinland
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Bioscience CentreUniversity of Turku and Åbo Akademi UniversityFinland
- Department of Life TechnologiesUniversity of TurkuFinland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship CenterUniversity of TurkuFinland
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24
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Bryan S, Witzel I, Borgmann K, Oliveira-Ferrer L. Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Brain Metastases in HER2-Positive and Triple Negative Breast Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4137. [PMID: 34439289 PMCID: PMC8392331 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent cause of cancer-associated death for women worldwide, with deaths commonly resulting from metastatic spread to distant organs. Approximately 30% of metastatic BC patients develop brain metastases (BM), a currently incurable diagnosis. The influence of BC molecular subtype and gene expression on breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) development and patient prognosis is undeniable and is, therefore, an important focus point in the attempt to combat the disease. The HER2-positive and triple-negative molecular subtypes are associated with an increased risk of developing BCBM. Several genetic and molecular mechanisms linked to HER2-positive and triple-negative BC breast cancers appear to influence BCBM formation on several levels, including increased development of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), enhanced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and migration of primary BC cells to the brain and/or through superior local invasiveness aided by cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). These specific BC characteristics, together with the ensuing developments at a clinical level, are presented in this review article, drawing a connection between research findings and related therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing BCBM formation and/or progression. Furthermore, we briefly address the critical limitations in our current understanding of this complex topic, highlighting potential focal points for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bryan
- Department of Gynaecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (S.B.); (I.W.)
| | - Isabell Witzel
- Department of Gynaecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (S.B.); (I.W.)
| | - Kerstin Borgmann
- Center of Oncology, Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radiooncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Leticia Oliveira-Ferrer
- Department of Gynaecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (S.B.); (I.W.)
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25
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Jokar N, Velikyan I, Ahmadzadehfar H, Rekabpour SJ, Jafari E, Ting HH, Biersack HJ, Assadi M. Theranostic Approach in Breast Cancer: A Treasured Tailor for Future Oncology. Clin Nucl Med 2021; 46:e410-e420. [PMID: 34152118 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000003678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Breast cancer is the most frequent invasive malignancy and the second major cause of cancer death in female subjects mostly due to the considerable diagnostic delay and failure of therapeutic strategies. Thus, early diagnosis and possibility to monitor response to the treatment are of utmost importance. Identification of valid biomarkers, in particular new molecular therapeutic targets, that would allow screening, early patient identification, prediction of disease aggressiveness, and monitoring response to the therapeutic regimen has been in the focus of breast cancer research during recent decades. One of the intensively developing fields is nuclear medicine combining molecular diagnostic imaging and subsequent (radio)therapy in the light of theranostics. This review aimed to survey the current status of preclinical and clinical research using theranostic approach in breast cancer patients with potential to translate into conventional treatment strategies alone or in combination with other common treatments, especially in aggressive and resistant types of breast cancer. In addition, we present 5 patients with breast cancer who were refractory or relapsed after conventional therapy while presumably responded to the molecular radiotherapy with 177Lu-trastuzumab (Herceptin), 177Lu-DOTATATE, and 177Lu-FAPI-46.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Jokar
- From the The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Department of Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy, Bushehr Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Irina Velikyan
- Section of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Esmail Jafari
- From the The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Department of Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy, Bushehr Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Hong Hoi Ting
- Nanomab Technology Limited, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Majid Assadi
- From the The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Department of Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy, Bushehr Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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26
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Ansari KI, Bhan A, Saotome M, Tyagi A, De Kumar B, Chen C, Takaku M, Jandial R. Autocrine GM-CSF signaling contributes to growth of HER2+ breast leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. Cancer Res 2021; 81:4723-4735. [PMID: 34247146 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LC) occurs when tumor cells spread to the cerebrospinal fluid-containing leptomeninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord. LC is an ominous complication of cancer with a dire prognosis. Although any malignancy can spread to the leptomeninges, breast cancer, particularly the HER2+ subtype, is its most common origin. HER2+ breast LC (HER2+ LC) remains incurable, with few treatment options, and the molecular mechanisms underlying proliferation of HER2+ breast cancer cells in the acellular, protein, and cytokine-poor leptomeningeal environment remain elusive. Therefore, we sought to characterize signaling pathways that drive HER2+ LC development as well as those that restrict its growth to leptomeninges. Primary HER2+ LC patient-derived ("Lepto") cell lines in co-culture with various central nervous system (CNS) cell types revealed that oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC), the largest population of dividing cells in the CNS, inhibited HER2+ LC growth in vitro and in vivo, thereby limiting the spread of HER2+ LC beyond the leptomeninges. Cytokine array-based analyses identified Lepto cell-secreted granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) as an oncogenic autocrine driver of HER2+ LC growth. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based analyses revealed that the OPC-derived protein TPP1 proteolytically degrades GM-CSF, decreasing GM-CSF signaling and leading to suppression of HER2+ LC growth and limiting its spread. Lastly, intrathecal delivery of neutralizing anti-GM-CSF antibodies and a pan-Aurora kinase inhibitor (CCT137690) synergistically inhibited GM-CSF and suppressed activity of GM-CSF effectors, reducing HER2+ LC growth in vivo. Thus, OPC suppress GM-CSF-driven growth of HER2+ LC in the leptomeningeal environment, providing a potential targetable axis.
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27
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Breast cancer brain metastasis: insight into molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:1056-1067. [PMID: 34226684 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01424-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies in women worldwide. Early-stage breast cancer is considered a curable disease; however, once distant metastasis occurs, the 5-year overall survival rate of patients becomes significantly reduced. There are four distinct metastatic patterns in breast cancer: bone, lung, liver and brain. Among these, breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) is the leading cause of death; it is highly associated with impaired quality of life and poor prognosis due to the limited permeability of the blood-brain barrier and consequent lack of effective treatments. Although the sequence of events in BCBM is universally accepted, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. In this review, we outline progress surrounding the molecular mechanisms involved in BCBM as well as experimental methods and research models to better understand the process. We further discuss the challenges in the management of brain metastases, as well as providing an overview of current therapies and highlighting innovative research towards developing novel efficacious targeted therapies.
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28
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Kanojia D, Panek WK, Cordero A, Fares J, Xiao A, Savchuk S, Kumar K, Xiao T, Pituch KC, Miska J, Zhang P, Kam KL, Horbinski C, Balyasnikova IV, Ahmed AU, Lesniak MS. BET inhibition increases βIII-tubulin expression and sensitizes metastatic breast cancer in the brain to vinorelbine. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/558/eaax2879. [PMID: 32848091 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax2879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metastases from primary breast cancer result in poor survival. βIII-tubulin (TUBB3) has been established as a therapeutic target for breast cancer metastases specifically to the brain. In this study, we conducted a systematic analysis to determine the regulation of TUBB3 expression in breast cancer metastases to the brain and strategically target these metastases using vinorelbine (VRB), a drug approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). We found that human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) signaling regulates TUBB3 expression in both trastuzumab-sensitive and trastuzumab-resistant neoplastic cells. We further discovered that bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) inhibition increases TUBB3 expression, rendering neoplastic cells more susceptible to apoptosis by VRB. Orthotopic xenograft assays using two different breast cancer cell models revealed a reduction in tumor volume with BET inhibition and VRB treatment. In addition, in vivo studies using a model of multiple brain metastasis (BM) showed improved survival with the combination of radiation + BET inhibitor (iBET-762) + VRB (75% long-term survivors, P < 0.05). Using in silico analysis and BET inhibition, we found that the transcription factor myeloid zinc finger-1 (MZF-1) protein binds to the TUBB3 promoter. BET inhibition decreases MZF-1 expression and subsequently increases TUBB3 expression. Overexpression of MZF-1 decreases TUBB3 expression and reduces BM in vivo, whereas its knockdown increases TUBB3 expression in breast cancer cells. In summary, this study demonstrates a regulatory mechanism of TUBB3 and provides support for an application of BET inhibition to sensitize breast cancer metastases to VRB-mediated therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kanojia
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Wojciech K Panek
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Alex Cordero
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jawad Fares
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Annie Xiao
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Solomiia Savchuk
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ting Xiao
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Katarzyna C Pituch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jason Miska
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kwok-Ling Kam
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Irina V Balyasnikova
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Atique U Ahmed
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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29
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Kalra J, Baker J, Song J, Kyle A, Minchinton A, Bally M. Inter-Metastatic Heterogeneity of Tumor Marker Expression and Microenvironment Architecture in a Preclinical Cancer Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6336. [PMID: 34199298 PMCID: PMC8231937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical drug development studies rarely consider the impact of a candidate drug on established metastatic disease. This may explain why agents that are successful in subcutaneous and even orthotopic preclinical models often fail to demonstrate efficacy in clinical trials. It is reasonable to anticipate that sites of metastasis will be phenotypically unique, as each tumor will have evolved heterogeneously with respect to gene expression as well as the associated phenotypic outcome of that expression. The objective for the studies described here was to gain an understanding of the tumor heterogeneity that exists in established metastatic disease and use this information to define a preclinical model that is more predictive of treatment outcome when testing novel drug candidates clinically. METHODS Female NCr nude mice were inoculated with fluorescent (mKate), Her2/neu-positive human breast cancer cells (JIMT-mKate), either in the mammary fat pad (orthotopic; OT) to replicate a primary tumor, or directly into the left ventricle (intracardiac; IC), where cells eventually localize in multiple sites to create a model of established metastasis. Tumor development was monitored by in vivo fluorescence imaging (IVFI). Subsequently, animals were sacrificed, and tumor tissues were isolated and imaged ex vivo. Tumors within organ tissues were further analyzed via multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) for Her2/neu expression, blood vessels (CD31), as well as a nuclear marker (Hoechst) and fluorescence (mKate) expressed by the tumor cells. RESULTS Following IC injection, JIMT-1mKate cells consistently formed tumors in the lung, liver, brain, kidney, ovaries, and adrenal glands. Disseminated tumors were highly variable when assessing vessel density (CD31) and tumor marker expression (mkate, Her2/neu). Interestingly, tumors which developed within an organ did not adopt a vessel microarchitecture that mimicked the organ where growth occurred, nor did the vessel microarchitecture appear comparable to the primary tumor. Rather, metastatic lesions showed considerable variability, suggesting that each secondary tumor is a distinct disease entity from a microenvironmental perspective. CONCLUSIONS The data indicate that more phenotypic heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment exists in models of metastatic disease than has been previously appreciated, and this heterogeneity may better reflect the metastatic cancer in patients typically enrolled in early-stage Phase I/II clinical trials. Similar to the suggestion of others in the past, the use of models of established metastasis preclinically should be required as part of the anticancer drug candidate development process, and this may be particularly important for targeted therapeutics and/or nanotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Kalra
- Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada;
- Applied Research Centre, Langara, Vancouver, BC V5Y 2Z6, Canada
- Department Anesthesia Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Jennifer Baker
- Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (J.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Justin Song
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA;
| | - Alastair Kyle
- Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (J.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Andrew Minchinton
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
- Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (J.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Marcel Bally
- Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada;
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Nanomedicine Innovation Network, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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30
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Combinatorial targeting of microRNA-26b and microRNA-101 exerts a synergistic inhibition on cyclooxygenase-2 in brain metastatic triple-negative breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 187:695-713. [PMID: 34041621 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06255-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Extravasation of triple-negative (TN) metastatic breast cancer (BC) cells through the brain endothelium (BE) is a critical step in brain metastasis (BM). During extravasation, metastatic cells induce alteration in the inter-endothelial junctions and transmigrate through the endothelial barrier. Transmigration of metastatic cells is mediated by the upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) that induces matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) capable of degrading inter-endothelial junctional proteins. Despite their important role in BM, the molecular mechanisms upregulating COX-2 and MMP-1 in TNBC cells remain poorly understood. In this study, we unraveled a synergistic effect of a pair of micro-RNAs (miR-26b-5p and miR-101-3p) on COX-2 expression and the brain transmigration ability of BC cells. METHODS Using a gain-and-loss of function approach, we modulated levels of miR-26b-5p and miR-101-3p in two TNBC cell lines (the parental MDA-MB-231 and its brain metastatic variant MDA-MB-231-BrM2), and examined the resultant effect on COX-2/MMP-1 expression and the transmigration of cancer cells through the BE. RESULTS We observed that the dual inhibition of miR-26b-5p and miR-101-3p in BC cells results in higher increase of COX-2/MMP-1 expression and a higher trans-endothelial migration compared to either micro-RNA alone. The dual restoration of both micro-RNAs exerted a synergistic inhibition on COX-2/MMP-1 by targeting COX-2 and potentiated the suppression of trans-endothelial migration compared to single micro-RNA. CONCLUSION These findings provide new insights on a synergism between miR-26-5p and miR-101-3p in regulating COX-2 in metastatic TNBC cells and shed light on miR-26-5p and miR-101-3p as prognostic and therapeutic targets that can be exploited to predict or prevent BM.
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Guo Y, Lee H, Fang Z, Velalopoulou A, Kim J, Thomas MB, Liu J, Abramowitz RG, Kim Y, Coskun AF, Krummel DP, Sengupta S, MacDonald TJ, Arvanitis C. Single-cell analysis reveals effective siRNA delivery in brain tumors with microbubble-enhanced ultrasound and cationic nanoparticles. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/18/eabf7390. [PMID: 33931452 PMCID: PMC8087400 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf7390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
RNA-based therapies offer unique advantages for treating brain tumors. However, tumor penetrance and uptake are hampered by RNA therapeutic size, charge, and need to be "packaged" in large carriers to improve bioavailability. Here, we have examined delivery of siRNA, packaged in 50-nm cationic lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHs:siRNA), combined with microbubble-enhanced focused ultrasound (MB-FUS) in pediatric and adult preclinical brain tumor models. Using single-cell image analysis, we show that MB-FUS in combination with LPHs:siRNA leads to more than 10-fold improvement in siRNA delivery into brain tumor microenvironments of the two models. MB-FUS delivery of Smoothened (SMO) targeting siRNAs reduces SMO protein production and markedly increases tumor cell death in the SMO-activated medulloblastoma model. Moreover, our analysis reveals that MB-FUS and nanoparticle properties can be optimized to maximize delivery in the brain tumor microenvironment, thereby serving as a platform for developing next-generation tunable delivery systems for RNA-based therapy in brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Guo
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hohyun Lee
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zhou Fang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anastasia Velalopoulou
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jinhwan Kim
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Midhun Ben Thomas
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jingbo Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ryan G Abramowitz
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - YongTae Kim
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ahmet F Coskun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daniel Pomeranz Krummel
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Soma Sengupta
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tobey J MacDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Costas Arvanitis
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Al-Akhrass H, Conway JRW, Poulsen ASA, Paatero I, Kaivola J, Padzik A, Andersen OM, Ivaska J. A feed-forward loop between SorLA and HER3 determines heregulin response and neratinib resistance. Oncogene 2021; 40:1300-1317. [PMID: 33420373 PMCID: PMC7892347 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01604-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Current evidence indicates that resistance to the tyrosine kinase-type cell surface receptor (HER2)-targeted therapies is frequently associated with HER3 and active signaling via HER2-HER3 dimers, particularly in the context of breast cancer. Thus, understanding the response to HER2-HER3 signaling and the regulation of the dimer is essential to decipher therapy relapse mechanisms. Here, we investigate a bidirectional relationship between HER2-HER3 signaling and a type-1 transmembrane sorting receptor, sortilin-related receptor (SorLA; SORL1). We demonstrate that heregulin-mediated signaling supports SorLA transcription downstream of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. In addition, we demonstrate that SorLA interacts directly with HER3, forming a trimeric complex with HER2 and HER3 to attenuate lysosomal degradation of the dimer in a Ras-related protein Rab4-dependent manner. In line with a role for SorLA in supporting the stability of the HER2 and HER3 receptors, loss of SorLA compromised heregulin-induced cell proliferation and sensitized metastatic anti-HER2 therapy-resistant breast cancer cells to neratinib in cancer spheroids in vitro and in vivo in a zebrafish brain xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Al-Akhrass
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - James R W Conway
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Annemarie Svane Aavild Poulsen
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE) Nordic-EMBL Partnership, Department of biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ilkka Paatero
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Jasmin Kaivola
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Artur Padzik
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Olav M Andersen
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE) Nordic-EMBL Partnership, Department of biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
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Masmudi-Martín M, Zhu L, Sanchez-Navarro M, Priego N, Casanova-Acebes M, Ruiz-Rodado V, Giralt E, Valiente M. Brain metastasis models: What should we aim to achieve better treatments? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 169:79-99. [PMID: 33321154 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Brain metastasis is emerging as a unique entity in oncology based on its particular biology and, consequently, the pharmacological approaches that should be considered. We discuss the current state of modelling this specific progression of cancer and how these experimental models have been used to test multiple pharmacologic strategies over the years. In spite of pre-clinical evidences demonstrating brain metastasis vulnerabilities, many clinical trials have excluded patients with brain metastasis. Fortunately, this trend is getting to an end given the increasing importance of secondary brain tumors in the clinic and a better knowledge of the underlying biology. We discuss emerging trends and unsolved issues that will shape how we will study experimental brain metastasis in the years to come.
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34
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Jin X, Demere Z, Nair K, Ali A, Ferraro GB, Natoli T, Deik A, Petronio L, Tang AA, Zhu C, Wang L, Rosenberg D, Mangena V, Roth J, Chung K, Jain RK, Clish CB, Vander Heiden MG, Golub TR. A metastasis map of human cancer cell lines. Nature 2020; 588:331-336. [PMID: 33299191 PMCID: PMC8439149 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2969-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Most deaths from cancer are explained by metastasis, and yet large-scale metastasis research has been impractical owing to the complexity of in vivo models. Here we introduce an in vivo barcoding strategy that is capable of determining the metastatic potential of human cancer cell lines in mouse xenografts at scale. We validated the robustness, scalability and reproducibility of the method and applied it to 500 cell lines1,2 spanning 21 types of solid tumour. We created a first-generation metastasis map (MetMap) that reveals organ-specific patterns of metastasis, enabling these patterns to be associated with clinical and genomic features. We demonstrate the utility of MetMap by investigating the molecular basis of breast cancers capable of metastasizing to the brain—a principal cause of death in patients with this type of cancer. Breast cancers capable of metastasizing to the brain showed evidence of altered lipid metabolism. Perturbation of lipid metabolism in these cells curbed brain metastasis development, suggesting a therapeutic strategy to combat the disease and demonstrating the utility of MetMap as a resource to support metastasis research. A method in which pooled barcoded human cancer cell lines are injected into a mouse xenograft model enables simultaneous mapping of the metastatic potential of multiple cell lines, and shows that breast cancer cells that metastasize to the brain have altered lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | | | - Karthik Nair
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gino B Ferraro
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ted Natoli
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Amy Deik
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lia Petronio
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew A Tang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cong Zhu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Vamsi Mangena
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Roth
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kwanghun Chung
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Todd R Golub
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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35
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Charmsaz S, Doherty B, Cocchiglia S, Varešlija D, Marino A, Cosgrove N, Marques R, Priedigkeit N, Purcell S, Bane F, Bolger J, Byrne C, O'Halloran PJ, Brett F, Sheehan K, Brennan K, Hopkins AM, Keelan S, Jagust P, Madden S, Martinelli C, Battaglini M, Oesterreich S, Lee AV, Ciofani G, Hill ADK, Young LS. ADAM22/LGI1 complex as a new actionable target for breast cancer brain metastasis. BMC Med 2020; 18:349. [PMID: 33208158 PMCID: PMC7677775 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01806-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic breast cancer is a major cause of cancer-related deaths in woman. Brain metastasis is a common and devastating site of relapse for several breast cancer molecular subtypes, including oestrogen receptor-positive disease, with life expectancy of less than a year. While efforts have been devoted to developing therapeutics for extra-cranial metastasis, drug penetration of blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains a major clinical challenge. Defining molecular alterations in breast cancer brain metastasis enables the identification of novel actionable targets. METHODS Global transcriptomic analysis of matched primary and metastatic patient tumours (n = 35 patients, 70 tumour samples) identified a putative new actionable target for advanced breast cancer which was further validated in vivo and in breast cancer patient tumour tissue (n = 843 patients). A peptide mimetic of the target's natural ligand was designed in silico and its efficacy assessed in in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models of breast cancer metastasis. RESULTS Bioinformatic analysis of over-represented pathways in metastatic breast cancer identified ADAM22 as a top ranked member of the ECM-related druggable genome specific to brain metastases. ADAM22 was validated as an actionable target in in vitro, ex vivo and in patient tumour tissue (n = 843 patients). A peptide mimetic of the ADAM22 ligand LGI1, LGI1MIM, was designed in silico. The efficacy of LGI1MIM and its ability to penetrate the BBB were assessed in vitro, ex vivo and in brain metastasis BBB 3D biometric biohybrid models, respectively. Treatment with LGI1MIM in vivo inhibited disease progression, in particular the development of brain metastasis. CONCLUSION ADAM22 expression in advanced breast cancer supports development of breast cancer brain metastasis. Targeting ADAM22 with a peptide mimetic LGI1MIM represents a new therapeutic option to treat metastatic brain disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Charmsaz
- Endocrine Oncology Research Group, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ben Doherty
- Endocrine Oncology Research Group, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sinéad Cocchiglia
- Endocrine Oncology Research Group, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Damir Varešlija
- Endocrine Oncology Research Group, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Attilio Marino
- Smart Bio-Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Nicola Cosgrove
- Endocrine Oncology Research Group, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ricardo Marques
- Endocrine Oncology Research Group, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Nolan Priedigkeit
- Women's Cancer Research Centre, Magee-Women's Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Siobhan Purcell
- Endocrine Oncology Research Group, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Fiona Bane
- Endocrine Oncology Research Group, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jarlath Bolger
- Endocrine Oncology Research Group, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Christopher Byrne
- Endocrine Oncology Research Group, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Philip J O'Halloran
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Neurosurgical Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Francesca Brett
- Department of Neuropathology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Katherine Sheehan
- Department of Pathology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kieran Brennan
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ann M Hopkins
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen Keelan
- Endocrine Oncology Research Group, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Petra Jagust
- Endocrine Oncology Research Group, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Stephen Madden
- Data Science Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Chiara Martinelli
- Smart Bio-Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Matteo Battaglini
- Smart Bio-Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, Italy.,The Biorobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Steffi Oesterreich
- Women's Cancer Research Centre, Magee-Women's Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adrian V Lee
- Women's Cancer Research Centre, Magee-Women's Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gianni Ciofani
- Smart Bio-Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Arnold D K Hill
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Leonie S Young
- Endocrine Oncology Research Group, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Harati R, Hafezi S, Mabondzo A, Tlili A. Silencing miR-202-3p increases MMP-1 and promotes a brain invasive phenotype in metastatic breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239292. [PMID: 33002044 PMCID: PMC7529272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain metastasis (BM) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in breast cancer (BC) and its molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. Transmigration of metastatic cells through the brain endothelium is an essential step in BM. Metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) overexpression plays a key role in promoting trans-endothelial migration by degrading the inter-endothelial junctions and disrupting the endothelial integrity. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that induce MMP-1 in metastatic cells granting them a brain invasive phenotype. MiR-202-3p is downregulated in brain metastases compared to primary breast tumors and directly targets MMP-1. Here, we unraveled a critical role of miR-202-3p loss in MMP-1 upregulation promoting transmigration of metastatic cells through the brain endothelium. METHODS A variant of the MDA-MB-231 human BC cell line (MDA-MB-231-BrM2) selected for its propensity to form brain metastases was found to express high levels of MMP-1 and low levels of miR-202-3p compared to the parental cells. Using a gain-and-loss of function approach, we modulated levels of miR-202-3p and examined the resultant effect on MMP-1 expression. Effect of miR-202-3p modulation on integrity of the brain endothelium and the transmigrative ability of BC cells were also examined. RESULTS Loss of miR-202-3p in breast cancer cells enhanced their transmigration through the brain endothelium by upregulating MMP-1 and disrupting the inter-endothelial junctions (claudin-5, ZO-1 and ß-catenin). Restoring miR-202-3p exerted a metastasis-suppressive effect and preserved the endothelial barrier integrity. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified a critical regulatory role of miR-202-3p in brain metastasis and shed light on miR-202-3p/MMP-1 axis as a novel prognostic and therapeutic target that can be exploited to predict and prevent brain metastasis in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Harati
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shirin Hafezi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aloïse Mabondzo
- Department of Medicines and Healthcare Technologies, CEA, Paris-Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Abdelaziz Tlili
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachna Malani
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, NY 10065, USA
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38
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Ngo B, Kim E, Osorio-Vasquez V, Doll S, Bustraan S, Liang RJ, Luengo A, Davidson SM, Ali A, Ferraro GB, Fischer GM, Eskandari R, Kang DS, Ni J, Plasger A, Rajasekhar VK, Kastenhuber ER, Bacha S, Sriram RK, Stein BD, Bakhoum SF, Snuderl M, Cotzia P, Healey JH, Mainolfi N, Suri V, Friedman A, Manfredi M, Sabatini DM, Jones DR, Yu M, Zhao JJ, Jain RK, Keshari KR, Davies MA, Vander Heiden MG, Hernando E, Mann M, Cantley LC, Pacold ME. Limited Environmental Serine and Glycine Confer Brain Metastasis Sensitivity to PHGDH Inhibition. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:1352-1373. [PMID: 32571778 PMCID: PMC7483776 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of metastasis is the adaptation of tumor cells to new environments. Metabolic constraints imposed by the serine and glycine-limited brain environment restrict metastatic tumor growth. How brain metastases overcome these growth-prohibitive conditions is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step of glucose-derived serine synthesis, is a major determinant of brain metastasis in multiple human cancer types and preclinical models. Enhanced serine synthesis proved important for nucleotide production and cell proliferation in highly aggressive brain metastatic cells. In vivo, genetic suppression and pharmacologic inhibition of PHGDH attenuated brain metastasis, but not extracranial tumor growth, and improved overall survival in mice. These results reveal that extracellular amino acid availability determines serine synthesis pathway dependence, and suggest that PHGDH inhibitors may be useful in the treatment of brain metastasis. SIGNIFICANCE: Using proteomics, metabolomics, and multiple brain metastasis models, we demonstrate that the nutrient-limited environment of the brain potentiates brain metastasis susceptibility to serine synthesis inhibition. These findings underscore the importance of studying cancer metabolism in physiologically relevant contexts, and provide a rationale for using PHGDH inhibitors to treat brain metastasis.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1241.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Ngo
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Eugenie Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perlmutter Cancer Center and NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Victoria Osorio-Vasquez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perlmutter Cancer Center and NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Sophia Doll
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sophia Bustraan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perlmutter Cancer Center and NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Roger J Liang
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Alba Luengo
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Shawn M Davidson
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Gino B Ferraro
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Grant M Fischer
- Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, Melanoma Medical Oncology, Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Roozbeh Eskandari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Diane S Kang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jing Ni
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ariana Plasger
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - Edward R Kastenhuber
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Sarah Bacha
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Roshan K Sriram
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Benjamin D Stein
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Samuel F Bakhoum
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Matija Snuderl
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Paolo Cotzia
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - John H Healey
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Vipin Suri
- Raze Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - David M Sabatini
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Drew R Jones
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perlmutter Cancer Center and NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
- Metabolomics Core Resource Laboratory, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Min Yu
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jean J Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kayvan R Keshari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael A Davies
- Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, Melanoma Medical Oncology, Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Eva Hernando
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, NNF Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
| | - Michael E Pacold
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perlmutter Cancer Center and NYU Langone Health, New York, New York.
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Loss of miR-101-3p Promotes Transmigration of Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells through the Brain Endothelium by Inducing COX-2/MMP1 Signaling. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13070144. [PMID: 32645833 PMCID: PMC7407639 DOI: 10.3390/ph13070144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases represent one of the incurable end stages in breast cancer (BC). Developing effective or preventive treatments is hampered by a lack of knowledge on the molecular mechanisms driving brain metastasis. Transmigration of BC cells through the brain endothelium is a key event in the pathogenesis of brain metastasis. In this study, we identified miR-101-3p as a critical micro-RNA able to reduce transmigration of BC cells through the brain endothelium. Our results revealed that miR-101-3p expression is downregulated in brain metastatic BC cells compared to less invasive variants, and varies inversely compared to the brain metastatic propensity of BC cells. Using a loss-and-gain of function approach, we found that miR-101-3p downregulation increased transmigration of BC cells through the brain endothelium in vitro by inducing COX-2 expression in cancer cells, whereas ectopic restoration of miR-101-3p exerted a metastasis-reducing effect. In regulatory experiments, we found that miR-101-3p mediated its effect by modulating COX-2-MMP1 signaling capable of degrading the inter-endothelial junctions (claudin-5 and VE-cadherin), key components of the brain endothelium. These findings suggest that miR-101-3p plays a critical role in the transmigration of breast cancer cells through the brain endothelium by modulating the COX-2-MMP1 signaling and thus may serve as a therapeutic target that can be exploited to prevent or suppress brain metastasis in human breast cancer.
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Kuroiwa Y, Nakayama J, Adachi C, Inoue T, Watanabe S, Semba K. Proliferative Classification of Intracranially Injected HER2-positive Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071811. [PMID: 32640677 PMCID: PMC7408688 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
HER2 is overexpressed in 25–30% of breast cancers, and approximately 30% of HER2-positive breast cancers metastasize to the brain. Although the incidence of brain metastasis in HER2-positive breast cancer is high, previous studies have been mainly based on cell lines of the triple-negative subtype, and the molecular mechanisms of brain metastasis in HER2-positive breast cancer are unclear. In the present study, we performed intracranial injection using nine HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines to evaluate their proliferative activity in brain tissue. Our results show that UACC-893 and MDA-MB-453 cells rapidly proliferated in the brain parenchyma, while the other seven cell lines moderately or slowly proliferated. Among these nine cell lines, the proliferative activity in brain tissue was not correlated with either the HER2 level or the HER2 phosphorylation status. To extract signature genes associated with brain colonization, we conducted microarray analysis and found that these two cell lines shared 138 gene expression patterns. Moreover, some of these genes were correlated with poor prognosis in HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Our findings might be helpful for further studying brain metastasis in HER2-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Kuroiwa
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, TWIns 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (Y.K.); (C.A.); (T.I.); (K.S.)
| | - Jun Nakayama
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, TWIns 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (Y.K.); (C.A.); (T.I.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5369-7320
| | - Chihiro Adachi
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, TWIns 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (Y.K.); (C.A.); (T.I.); (K.S.)
| | - Takafumi Inoue
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, TWIns 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (Y.K.); (C.A.); (T.I.); (K.S.)
| | - Shinya Watanabe
- Department of Biomolecular Profiling, Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan;
| | - Kentaro Semba
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, TWIns 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (Y.K.); (C.A.); (T.I.); (K.S.)
- Department of Cell Factory, Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
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Zhang HY, Wang Y, He Y, Wang T, Huang XH, Zhao CM, Zhang L, Li SW, Wang C, Qu YN, Jiang XX. A1 astrocytes contribute to murine depression-like behavior and cognitive dysfunction, which can be alleviated by IL-10 or fluorocitrate treatment. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:200. [PMID: 32611425 PMCID: PMC7331266 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01871-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Astrocytes are crucial regulators in the central nervous system. Abnormal activation of astrocytes contributes to some behavior deficits. However, mechanisms underlying the effects remain unclear. Here, we studied the activation of A1 astrocytes and their contribution to murine behavior deficits. Methods A1 astrocytes were induced by treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. The functional phenotype of astrocytes was determined by quantitative RT-PCR, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry. To assess the role of A1 astrocytes in vivo, mice were injected intraperitoneally with LPS. Then, murine behaviors were tested, and the hippocampus and cortex were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry. The function of IL-10 and fluorocitrate on A1 astrocyte activation was also examined. Results Our results show that astrocytes isolated from B6.129S6-Il10tm1Flv/J homozygotes (IL-10tm1/tm1) were prone to characteristics of A1 reactive astrocytes. Compared with their wild-type counterparts, IL-10tm1/tm1 astrocytes exhibited higher expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Whether or not they were stimulated with LPS, IL-10tm1/tm1 astrocytes exhibited enhanced expression of A1-specific transcripts and proinflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα. In addition, IL-10tm1/tm1 astrocytes demonstrated hyperphosphorylation of STAT3. Moreover, astrocytes from IL-10tm1/tm1 mice showed attenuated phagocytic ability and were neurotoxic. IL-10tm1/tm1 mice demonstrated increased immobility time in the forced swim test and defective learning and memory behavior in the Morris water maze test. Moreover, enhanced neuroinflammation was found in the hippocampus and cortex of IL-10tm1/tm1 mice, accompanying with more GFAP-positive astrocytes and severe neuron loss in the hippocampus. Pretreatment IL-10tm1/tm1 mice with IL-10 or fluorocitrate decreased the expression of proinflammatory factors and A1-specific transcripts in the hippocampus and cortex, and then alleviated LPS-induced depressive-like behavior. Conclusion These results demonstrate that astrocytes isolated from B6.129S6-Il10tm1Flv/J homozygotes are prone to A1 phenotype and contribute to the depression-like behavior and memory deficits. Inhibiting A1 astrocyte activation may be an attractive therapeutic strategy in some neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Yang Zhang
- Department of Neural Engineering and Biological Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Neural Engineering and Biological Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Youdi He
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Neural Engineering and Biological Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Huang
- Department of Neural Engineering and Biological Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Chang-Ming Zhao
- Department of Neural Engineering and Biological Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Agroforestry Engineering and Planning, Tongren University, Tongren, 554300, Guizhou, China
| | - Si-Wei Li
- Department of Neural Engineering and Biological Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Changyong Wang
- Department of Neural Engineering and Biological Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yan-Nv Qu
- Department of Neural Engineering and Biological Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China. .,Department of Geriatrics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiao-Xia Jiang
- Department of Neural Engineering and Biological Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China. .,Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Identification and characterization of mammaglobin-A epitope in heterogenous breast cancers for enhancing tumor-targeting therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:82. [PMID: 32467564 PMCID: PMC7256037 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although targeted therapy has been extensively investigated for breast cancers, a molecular target with broad application is currently unavailable due to the high heterogeneity of these cancers. Mammaglobin-A (Mam-A), which is overexpressed in most breast carcinomas, has been proposed as a promising target. However, the lack of specific targeting moieties due to uncertain binding epitopes hampers further translational study. Here, seven potential epitopes of Mam-A were disclosed, and a unique epitope was then identified in most types of breast cancers, despite the genotypic heterogeneity. With phage display technology, the epitope was determined to be N-terminal amino acids 42–51 of Mam-A (N42–51). Then, the N42–51 epitope-specific monoclonal antibody, mAb785, was conjugated to poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with therapeutic agents, thereby enhancing the drug uptake and therapeutic efficacy in different genotypes of breast cancers. The computer simulation of the N42–51 epitope and the mAb785 structures, as well as their interactions, further revealed the specific targeting mechanism of the mAb785-conjugated nanoparticles to breast cancers.
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43
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Yamashita D, Minata M, Ibrahim AN, Yamaguchi S, Coviello V, Bernstock JD, Harada S, Cerione RA, Tannous BA, La Motta C, Nakano I. Identification of ALDH1A3 as a Viable Therapeutic Target in Breast Cancer Metastasis-Initiating Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1134-1147. [PMID: 32127468 PMCID: PMC7716183 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of efficacious therapies targeting metastatic spread of breast cancer to the brain represents an unmet clinical need. Accordingly, an improved understanding of the molecular underpinnings of central nervous system spread and progression of breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM) is required. In this study, the clinical burden of disease in BCBM was investigated, as well as the role of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3) in the metastatic cascade leading to BCBM development. Initial analysis of clinical survival trends for breast cancer and BCBM determined improvement of breast cancer survival rates; however, this has failed to positively affect the prognostic milestones of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) brain metastases (BM). ALDH1A3 and a representative epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene signature (mesenchymal markers, CD44 or Vimentin) were compared in tumors derived from BM, lung metastases (LM), or bone metastases (BoM) of patients as well as mice after injection of TNBC cells. Selective elevation of the EMT signature and ALDH1A3 were observed in BM, unlike LM and BoM, especially in the tumor edge. Furthermore, ALDH1A3 was determined to play a role in BCBM establishment via regulation of circulating tumor cell adhesion and migration phases in the BCBM cascade. Validation through genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of ALDH1A3 via lentiviral shRNA knockdown and a novel small-molecule inhibitor demonstrated selective inhibition of BCBM formation with prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice. Given the survival benefits via targeting ALDH1A3, it may prove an effective therapeutic strategy for BCBM prevention and/or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamashita
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mutsuko Minata
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ahmed N Ibrahim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Shinobu Yamaguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Vito Coviello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Joshua D Bernstock
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shuko Harada
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Richard A Cerione
- Department of Molecular Medicine VMC, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Bakhos A Tannous
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Lab, Department of Neurology, Neuro-oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Ichiro Nakano
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Thies KA, Hammer AM, Hildreth BE, Steck SA, Spehar JM, Kladney RD, Geisler JA, Das M, Russell LO, Bey JF, Bolyard CM, Pilarski R, Trimboli AJ, Cuitiño MC, Koivisto CS, Stover DG, Schoenfield L, Otero J, Godbout JP, Chakravarti A, Ringel MD, Ramaswamy B, Li Z, Kaur B, Leone G, Ostrowski MC, Sizemore ST, Sizemore GM. Stromal Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor-β Signaling Promotes Breast Cancer Metastasis in the Brain. Cancer Res 2020; 81:606-618. [PMID: 32327406 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta (PDGFRβ) is a receptor tyrosine kinase found in cells of mesenchymal origin such as fibroblasts and pericytes. Activation of this receptor is dependent on paracrine ligand induction, and its preferred ligand PDGFB is released by neighboring epithelial and endothelial cells. While expression of both PDGFRβ and PDGFB has been noted in patient breast tumors for decades, how PDGFB-to-PDGFRβ tumor-stroma signaling mediates breast cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis remains unclear. Here we demonstrate this paracrine signaling pathway that mediates both primary tumor growth and metastasis, specifically, metastasis to the brain. Elevated levels of PDGFB accelerated orthotopic tumor growth and intracranial growth of mammary tumor cells, while mesenchymal-specific expression of an activating mutant PDGFRβ (PDGFRβD849V) exerted proproliferative signals on adjacent mammary tumor cells. Stromal expression of PDGFRβD849V also promoted brain metastases of mammary tumor cells expressing high PDGFB when injected intravenously. In the brain, expression of PDGFRβD849V was observed within a subset of astrocytes, and aged mice expressing PDGFRβD849V exhibited reactive gliosis. Importantly, the PDGFR-specific inhibitor crenolanib significantly reduced intracranial growth of mammary tumor cells. In a tissue microarray comprised of 363 primary human breast tumors, high PDGFB protein expression was prognostic for brain metastases, but not metastases to other sites. Our results advocate the use of mice expressing PDGFRβD849V in their stromal cells as a preclinical model of breast cancer-associated brain metastases and support continued investigation into the clinical prognostic and therapeutic use of PDGFB-to-PDGFRβ signaling in women with breast cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: These studies reveal a previously unknown role for PDGFB-to-PDGFRβ paracrine signaling in the promotion of breast cancer brain metastases and support the prognostic and therapeutic clinical utility of this pathway for patients.See related article by Wyss and colleagues, p. 594.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Thies
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Anisha M Hammer
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Blake E Hildreth
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sarah A Steck
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jonathan M Spehar
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Raleigh D Kladney
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Oncology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jennifer A Geisler
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Manjusri Das
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Luke O Russell
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jerome F Bey
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Chelsea M Bolyard
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Robert Pilarski
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Human Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Anthony J Trimboli
- The Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Maria C Cuitiño
- The Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Christopher S Koivisto
- The Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Daniel G Stover
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lynn Schoenfield
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jose Otero
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jonathan P Godbout
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Arnab Chakravarti
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Matthew D Ringel
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Bhuvaneswari Ramaswamy
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Zaibo Li
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Balveen Kaur
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Gustavo Leone
- The Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Michael C Ostrowski
- The Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Steven T Sizemore
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Gina M Sizemore
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Drug resistance occurred in a newly characterized preclinical model of lung cancer brain metastasis. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:292. [PMID: 32264860 PMCID: PMC7137432 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06808-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer metastasis and drug resistance have traditionally been studied separately, though these two lethal pathological phenomena almost always occur concurrently. Brain metastasis occurs in a large proportion of lung cancer patients (~ 30%). Once diagnosed, patients have a poor prognosis surviving typically less than 1 year due to lack of treatment efficacy. Methods Human metastatic lung cancer cells (PC-9-Br) were injected into the left cardiac ventricle of female athymic nude mice. Brain lesions were allowed to grow for 21 days, animals were then randomized into treatment groups and treated until presentation of neurological symptoms or when moribund. Prior to tissue collection mice were injected with Oregon Green and 14C-Aminoisobutyric acid followed by an indocyanine green vascular washout. Tracer accumulation was determined by quantitative fluorescent microscopy and quantitative autoradiography. Survival was tracked and tumor burden was monitored via bioluminescent imaging. Extent of mutation differences and acquired resistance was measured in-vitro through half-maximal inhibitory assays and qRT-PCR analysis. Results A PC-9 brain seeking line (PC-9-Br) was established. Mice inoculated with PC-9-Br resulted in a decreased survival time compared with mice inoculated with parental PC-9. Non-targeted chemotherapy with cisplatin and etoposide (51.5 days) significantly prolonged survival of PC-9-Br brain metastases in mice compared to vehicle control (42 days) or cisplatin and pemetrexed (45 days). Further in-vivo imaging showed greater tumor vasculature in mice treated with cisplatin and etoposide compared to non-tumor regions, which was not observed in mice treated with vehicle or cisplatin and pemetrexed. More importantly, PC-9-Br showed significant resistance to gefitinib by in-vitro MTT assays (IC50 > 2.5 μM at 48 h and 0.1 μM at 72 h) compared with parental PC-9 (IC50: 0.75 μM at 48 h and 0.027 μM at 72 h). Further studies on the molecular mechanisms of gefitinib resistance revealed that EGFR and phospho-EGFR were significantly decreased in PC-9-Br compared with PC-9. Expression of E-cadherin and vimentin did not show EMT in PC-9-Br compared with parental PC-9, and PC-9-Br had neither a T790M mutation nor amplifications of MET and HER2 compared with parental PC-9. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that brain metastases of lung cancer cells may independently prompt drug resistance without drug treatment.
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Exosomes Derived from Brain Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells Destroy the Blood-Brain Barrier by Carrying lncRNA GS1-600G8.5. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7461727. [PMID: 32337272 PMCID: PMC7165326 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7461727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Brain metastasis is a major cause of death in breast cancer patients. The greatest event for brain metastasis is the breaching of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by cancer cells. The role of exosomes in cancer metastasis is clear, whereas the role of exosomes in the integrity of the BBB is unknown. Here, we established a highly brain metastatic breast cancer cell line by three cycles of in vivo selection. The effect of exosomes on the BBB was evaluated in vitro by tracking, transepithelial/transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), and permeability assays. BBB-associated exosomal long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) was selected from the GEO dataset and verified by real-time PCR, TEER, permeability, and Transwell assays. The cells obtained by the in vivo selection showed higher brain metastatic capacity in vivo and higher migration and invasion in vitro compared to the parental cells. Exosomes from the highly brain metastatic cells were internalized by brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs), which reduced TEER and increased permeability of BBB. The exosomes derived from the highly metastatic cells promoted invasion of the breast cancer cells in the BBB model. lncRNA GS1-600G8.5 was highly expressed in the highly brain metastatic cells and their exosomes, as compared to the samples with reduced metastatic behavior. Silencing of GS1-600G8.5 significantly abrogated the BBB destructive effect of exosomes. GS1-600G8.5-deficient exosomes failed to promote the infiltration of cancer cells through the BBB. Furthermore, BMECs treated with GS1-600G8.5-deprived exosomes expressed higher tight junction proteins than those treated with the control exosomes. These data suggest the exosomes derived from highly brain metastatic breast cancer cells might destroy the BBB system and promote the passage of cancer cells across the BBB, by transferring lncRNA GS1-600G8.5.
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Kofron CP, Chapman A. Breast Cancer With Brain Metastases: Perspective From a Long-Term Survivor. Integr Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1534735419890017. [PMID: 31906724 PMCID: PMC6947880 DOI: 10.1177/1534735419890017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this essay is to inform others that it is possible to survive breast cancer with brain metastases. The second author is the subject patient and a long-term survivor of systemic metastatic breast cancer with numerous brain metastases (corresponding to 8% survivor group). We credit her survival to a combination of (1) medicine as practiced by an excellent oncologist with whom we developed a partnership to manage the patient’s health, (2) our informed exploration of the available scientific knowledge including a review of scientific research articles that go beyond conventional care, and (3) the patient’s supplementation with numerous repurposed drugs and other substances reported to have antitumor properties. Alongside her conventional treatment (the medical standard of care), it seems likely that this supplementation has been a key factor in the patient’s long-term survival. We also point out that the lack of follow-up magnetic resonance imaging brain scans for early detection of brain metastases poses substantial risks for patients with HER2+ metastatic breast cancer in non–central nervous system locations. Thus, we suggest that research be conducted on such early detection for possible inclusion in the recommendations for the medical standard of care. Finally, medical doctors and also patients with backgrounds in biological science may wish to consider potential options and advantages of repurposed drugs and other substances reported in scientific publications when the medical standard of care has limited options for advanced cancer and other severe chronic health conditions. However, any efforts along this line by patients should be in collaboration with their medical doctors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela Chapman
- Biology Program, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA, USA
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Zhou Y, Zhang S, Chen Z, Bao Y, Chen AT, Sheu WC, Liu F, Jiang Z, Zhou J. Targeted Delivery of Secretory Promelittin via Novel Poly(lactone- co-β-amino ester) Nanoparticles for Treatment of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1901866. [PMID: 32154067 PMCID: PMC7055583 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM) is a devastating disease with dismal prognosis. Although chemotherapy is widely used for clinical management of most tumors, it is often ineffective for BCBM. Therefore, alternative approaches for improved treatment of BCBM are in great demand. Here, an innovative gene therapy regimen is reported that is designed for effective treatment of BCBM. First, poly(lactone-co-β-amino ester) nanoparticles that are capable of efficient gene delivery are synthesized and are engineered for targeted delivery to BCBM through surface conjugation of AMD3100, which interacts with CXCR4 enriched in the tumor microenvironment. Next, an artificial gene, proMel, is designed for the expression of secretory promelittin protein, which has limited toxicity on its own but releases cytolytic melittin after activation by MMP-2 accumulated in tumors. It is demonstrated that delivery of the proMel via the AMD3100-conjugated nanoparticles effectively inhibits tumor progression in a BCBM mouse model. This study suggests a new direction to treat BCBM through targeted delivery of promelittin-mediated gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Department of NeurosurgeryYale UniversityNew HavenCT06511USA
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunan410011China
| | - Shenqi Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryYale UniversityNew HavenCT06511USA
- Department of NeurosurgeryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityHubei430060China
| | - Zeming Chen
- Department of NeurosurgeryYale UniversityNew HavenCT06511USA
| | - Youmei Bao
- Department of NeurosurgeryYale UniversityNew HavenCT06511USA
| | - Ann T. Chen
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringYale UniversityNew HavenCT06511USA
| | - Wendy C. Sheu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringYale UniversityNew HavenCT06511USA
| | - Fuyao Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryYale UniversityNew HavenCT06511USA
| | - Zhaozhong Jiang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringYale UniversityNew HavenCT06511USA
| | - Jiangbing Zhou
- Department of NeurosurgeryYale UniversityNew HavenCT06511USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringYale UniversityNew HavenCT06511USA
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Risk factors for breast cancer brain metastases: a systematic review. Oncotarget 2020; 11:650-669. [PMID: 32110283 PMCID: PMC7021234 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Brain metastasis (BM) is an increasingly common and devastating complication of breast cancer (BC). Methods: A systematic literature search of EMBASE and MEDLINE was conducted to elucidate the current state of knowledge on known and novel prognostic factors associated with 1) the risk for BCBM and 2) the time to brain metastases (TTBM). Results: A total of 96 studies involving institutional records from 28 countries were identified. Of these, 69 studies reported risk factors of BCBM, 46 factors associated with the TTBM and twenty studies examined variables for both outcomes. Young age, estrogen receptor negativity (ER-), overexpression of human epidermal factor (HER2+), and higher presenting stage, histological grade, tumor size, Ki67 labeling index and nodal involvement were consistently found to be independent risk factors of BCBM. Of these, triple-negative BC (TNBC) subtype, ER-, higher presenting histological grade, tumor size, and nodal involvement were also reported to associate with shorter TTBM. In contrast, young age, hormone receptor negative (HR-) status, higher presenting stage, nodal involvement and development of liver metastasis were the most important risk factors for BM in HER2-positive patients. Conclusions: The study provides a comprehensive and individual evaluation of the risk factors that could support the design of screening tools and interventional trials for early detection of BCBM.
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Hulsbergen AFC, Cho LD, Mammi M, Lamba N, Smith TR, Brastianos PK, Broekman MLD, Lin NU. Systemic therapy following craniotomy in patients with a solitary breast cancer brain metastasis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 180:147-155. [PMID: 31953697 PMCID: PMC7031200 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05531-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To describe practice patterns and patient outcomes with respect to the use of postoperative systemic therapy (ST) after resection of a solitary breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM). Methods A multi-institutional retrospective review of consecutive patients undergoing resection of a single BCBM without extracranial metastases was performed to describe subtype-specific postoperative outcomes and assess the impact of types of ST on site of recurrence, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Results Forty-four patients were identified. Stratified estimated survival was 15, 24, and 23 months for patients with triple negative, estrogen receptor positive (ER+), and HER2+ BCBMs, respectively. Patients receiving postoperative ST had a longer median PFS (8 versus 4 months, adjusted p-value 0.01) and OS (32 versus 15 months, adjusted p-value 0.21). Nine patients (20%) had extracranial progression, 23 (52%) had intracranial progression, three (8%) had both, and nine (20%) did not experience progression at last follow-up. Multivariate analysis showed that postoperative hormonal therapy was associated with longer OS (HR 0.26; 95% CI 0.08–0.89; p = 0.03) but not PFS (HR 0.35, 95% CI 0.08–1.47, p = 0.15) in ER+ patients. Postoperative HER2-targeted therapy was not associated with longer OS or PFS in HER2+ patients. Conclusions Disease progression occurred intracranially more often than extracranially following resection of a solitary BCBM. In ER+ patients, postoperative hormonal therapy was associated with longer OS. Postoperative HER2-targeted therapy did not show survival benefit in HER2+ patients. These results should be validated in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander F C Hulsbergen
- Computational Neuroscience Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 98, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Zuid-Holland, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, Lijnbaan 32, 2512 VA, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Logan D Cho
- Computational Neuroscience Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Brown University, 69 Brown Street, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Marco Mammi
- Computational Neuroscience Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nayan Lamba
- Computational Neuroscience Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Timothy R Smith
- Computational Neuroscience Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Priscilla K Brastianos
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Marike L D Broekman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Zuid-Holland, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, Lijnbaan 32, 2512 VA, The Hague, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Nancy U Lin
- Division of Breast Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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