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Stiede JT, Spencer SD, Onyeka O, Mangen KH, Church MJ, Goodman WK, Storch EA. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Children and Adolescents. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2024; 20:355-380. [PMID: 38100637 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-080822-043910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and adolescents is a neurobehavioral condition that can lead to functional impairment in multiple domains and decreased quality of life. We review the clinical presentation, diagnostic considerations, and common comorbidities of pediatric OCD. An overview of the biological and psychological models of OCD is provided along with a discussion of developmental considerations in youth. We also describe evidence-based treatments for OCD in childhood and adolescence, including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with exposure and response prevention (ERP) and pharmacotherapy. Finally, research evaluating the delivery of CBT in different formats and modalities is discussed, and we conclude with suggestions for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan T Stiede
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA;
| | - Samuel D Spencer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA;
| | - Ogechi Onyeka
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA;
| | - Katie H Mangen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA;
| | - Molly J Church
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA;
| | - Wayne K Goodman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA;
| | - Eric A Storch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA;
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Hassan W, El Hayek S, de Filippis R, Eid M, Hassan S, Shalbafan M. Variations in obsessive compulsive disorder symptomatology across cultural dimensions. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1329748. [PMID: 38322140 PMCID: PMC10844379 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1329748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wassim Hassan
- College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Samer El Hayek
- Medical Department, Erada Center for Treatment and Rehabilitation in Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Renato de Filippis
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mario Eid
- Department of Psychiatry, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sarah Hassan
- The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mohammadreza Shalbafan
- Mental Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Iflaifel M, Hall CL, Green HR, Willis A, Rennick-Egglestone S, Juszczak E, Townsend M, Martin J, Sprange K. Widening participation - recruitment methods in mental health randomised controlled trials: a qualitative study. BMC Med Res Methodol 2023; 23:211. [PMID: 37735627 PMCID: PMC10512591 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-023-02032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barriers to mental health research participation are well documented including distrust of services and research; and stigma surrounding mental health. They can contribute to a lack of diversity amongst participants in mental health research, which threatens the generalisability of knowledge. Given the recent widespread use of the internet in medical research, this study aimed to explore the perspectives of key partners on the use of online (e.g. social media) and offline (e.g. in-person) recruitment as an approach to improving diversity in mental health randomised controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS Face-to-face and online interviews/focus groups with researchers working in mental health and Patient and Public Involvement partners in the United Kingdom. Recordings were transcribed and analysed using a combination of inductive and deductive thematic analysis. RESULTS Three focus groups and three interviews were conducted with a total N = 23 participants. Four overarching themes were identified: (1) recruitment reach; (2) Demographic factors that affect selection of recruitment method; (3) safety of technology, and; (4) practical challenges. Five main factors were identified that affect the choice of recruitment method: age, complexity of mental health problem and stigma, cultural and ethnicity differences and digital divide. The use of online methods was considered more accessible to people who may feel stigmatised by their mental health condition and with a benefit of reaching a wider population. However, a common view amongst participants was that online methods require closer data monitoring for quality of responders, are not fully secure and less trustworthy compared to offline methods that enable participants to build relationships with health providers. Funding, staff time and experience, organisational support, and technical issues such as spam or phishing emails were highlighted as practical challenges facing online recruitment. All participants agreed that using a hybrid approach tailored to the population under study is paramount. CONCLUSIONS This study highlighted the importance of offering a flexible and multifaceted recruitment approach by integrating online with offline methods to support inclusivity and widening participation in mental health research. The findings will be used to develop considerations for researchers designing RCTs to improve recruitment in mental health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mais Iflaifel
- Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Charlotte L Hall
- NIHR MindTech MedTech Co-operative, Institute of Mental Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Innovation Park, Triumph Road, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Innovation Park, Triumph Road, Nottingham, UK
| | - Heidi R Green
- Previously: Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- COUCH Health, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew Willis
- Centre for Ethnic Health Research, Leicester/Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Edmund Juszczak
- Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mark Townsend
- NIHR Evaluation, Trials and Studies Coordinating Centre (NETSCC), Southampton, UK
| | - Jennifer Martin
- NIHR MindTech MedTech Co-operative, Institute of Mental Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Innovation Park, Triumph Road, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Innovation Park, Triumph Road, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kirsty Sprange
- Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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Brøgger-Mikkelsen M, Ali Z, Zibert JR, Andersen AD, Thomsen SF. Online Patient Recruitment in Clinical Trials: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e22179. [PMID: 33146627 PMCID: PMC7673977 DOI: 10.2196/22179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recruitment for clinical trials continues to be a challenge, as patient recruitment is the single biggest cause of trial delays. Around 80% of trials fail to meet the initial enrollment target and timeline, and these delays can result in lost revenue of as much as US $8 million per day for drug developing companies. Objective This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the effectiveness of online recruitment of participants for clinical trials compared with traditional in-clinic/offline recruitment methods. Methods Data on recruitment rates (the average number of patients enrolled in the study per month and per day of active recruitment) and conversion rates (the percentage of participants screened who proceed to enroll into the clinical trial), as well as study characteristics and patient demographics were collected from the included studies. Differences in online and offline recruitment rates and conversion rates were examined using random effects models. Further, a nonparametric paired Wilcoxon test was used for additional analysis on the cost-effectiveness of online patient recruitment. All data analyses were conducted in R language, and P<.05 was considered significant. Results In total, 3861 articles were screened for inclusion. Of these, 61 studies were included in the review, and 23 of these were further included in the meta-analysis. We found online recruitment to be significantly more effective with respect to the recruitment rate for active days of recruitment, where 100% (7/7) of the studies included had a better online recruitment rate compared with offline recruitment (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 4.17, P=.04). When examining the entire recruitment period in months we found that 52% (12/23) of the studies had a better online recruitment rate compared with the offline recruitment rate (IRR 1.11, P=.71). For cost-effectiveness, we found that online recruitment had a significantly lower cost per enrollee compared with offline recruitment (US $72 vs US $199, P=.04). Finally, we found that 69% (9/13) of studies had significantly better offline conversion rates compared with online conversion rates (risk ratio 0.8, P=.02). Conclusions Targeting potential participants using online remedies is an effective approach for patient recruitment for clinical research. Online recruitment was both superior in regard to time efficiency and cost-effectiveness compared with offline recruitment. In contrast, offline recruitment outperformed online recruitment with respect to conversion rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Brøgger-Mikkelsen
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Studies&Me A/S, LEO Innovation Lab, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zarqa Ali
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John R Zibert
- Studies&Me A/S, LEO Innovation Lab, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Simon Francis Thomsen
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Experimental Psychopathology at the Crossroads: Reflections on Past, Present, and Future Contributions to Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. Int J Cogn Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41811-020-00093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Sanchez C, Grzenda A, Varias A, Widge AS, Carpenter LL, McDonald WM, Nemeroff CB, Kalin NH, Martin G, Tohen M, Filippou-Frye M, Ramsey D, Linos E, Mangurian C, Rodriguez CI. Social media recruitment for mental health research: A systematic review. Compr Psychiatry 2020; 103:152197. [PMID: 32992073 PMCID: PMC7704547 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social media holds exciting promise for advancing mental health research recruitment, however, the extent and efficacy to which these platforms are currently in use are underexplored. OBJECTIVE A systematic review was conducted to characterize the current use and efficacy of social media in recruiting participants for mental health research. METHOD A literature review was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsychINFO. Only non-duplicative manuscripts written in the English language and published between 1/1/2004-3/31/2019 were selected for further screening. Data extracted included study type and design, participant inclusion criteria, social media platform, advertising strategy, final recruited sample size, recruitment location, year, monetary incentives, comparison to other recruitment methods if performed, and final cost per participant. RESULTS A total of 176 unique studies that used social media for mental health research recruitment were reviewed. The majority of studies were cross-sectional (62.5%) in design and recruited adults. Facebook was overwhelmingly the recruitment platform of choice (92.6%), with the use of paid advertisements being the predominant strategy (60.8%). Of the reviewed studies, substance abuse (43.8%) and mood disorders (15.3%) were the primary subjects of investigation. In 68.3% of studies, social media recruitment performed as well as or better than traditional recruitment methods in the number and cost of final enrolled participants. The majority of studies used Facebook for recruitment at a median cost per final recruited study participant of $19.47. In 55.6% of the studies, social media recruitment was the more cost-effective recruitment method when compared to traditional methods (e.g., referrals, mailing). CONCLUSION Social media appears to be an effective and economical recruitment tool for mental health research. The platform raises methodological and privacy concerns not covered in current research regulations that warrant additional consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Sanchez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Adrienne Grzenda
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Varias
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alik S Widge
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Linda L Carpenter
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Butler Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - William M McDonald
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Charles B Nemeroff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ned H Kalin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Glenn Martin
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mauricio Tohen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Maria Filippou-Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Drew Ramsey
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eleni Linos
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christina Mangurian
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; UCSF Center for Vulnerable Populations, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; UCSF Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn I Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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Ahmed KL, Simon AR, Dempsey JR, Samaco RC, Goin-Kochel RP. Evaluating Two Common Strategies for Research Participant Recruitment Into Autism Studies: Observational Study. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e16752. [PMID: 32969826 PMCID: PMC7545324 DOI: 10.2196/16752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ongoing research is necessary to better understand the causes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the developmental outcomes for individuals diagnosed with ASD, and the efficacy of the interventions. However, it is often difficult to recruit sufficient numbers of participants for studies, and despite the prevalence of ASD (currently estimated to affect 1 in 54 children), little research has focused on how to efficiently recruit participants with ASD. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of two different paid advertisements-social media and radio advertising-in recruiting participants for a study enrolling people with ASD and their family members by examining the number of participants enrolled, the cost per participant, and the geographic reach of each type of advertising. METHODS We examined participant enrollment in a study following nonoverlapping paid advertisements on a popular FM radio station (aired in three cities across two states) and Facebook (six advertisements that ran in five cities across two states). The total paid investment in the radio campaign was $12,030 and that in the Facebook campaign was $2950. Following the advertising campaigns, 1391 participants in the study who were affiliated with the Houston, Texas, site received email invitations to participate in a brief survey about the ways in which they learned about the study (eg, social media, medical provider, website) and which of these were most influential in their decisions to participate; 374 (26.8%) of the participants completed this survey. RESULTS Social media advertising outperformed radio in all three parameters examined by enrolling more participants (338 vs 149), with a lower average cost per participant ($8.73 vs $80.74) and a wider geographic reach, based on a comparison of the number of zip codes within and outside of Texas for questionnaire respondents who rated social media as the most influential method of contact (n=367, χ21=5.85, P=.02). Of the 374 survey participants, 139 (37.2%) reported that they had seen the study on social media prior to enrollment, while only 9 (2.4%) said they heard about it via radio. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that advertising on social media can efficiently reach a large pool of potential participants with ASD, increasing the likelihood of meeting study enrollment goals. Researchers should consider allocating at least some portion of recruitment dollars to social media platforms as a means of quickly and inexpensively reaching out to their target populations, including for studies with in-person procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli L Ahmed
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Autism Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Andrea R Simon
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Autism Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jack R Dempsey
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | | | - Robin P Goin-Kochel
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Autism Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
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Kikut A, Vaughn M, Salowe R, Sanyal M, Merriam S, Lee R, Becker E, Lomax-Reese S, Lewis M, Ryan R, Ross A, Cui QN, Addis V, Sankar PS, Miller-Ellis E, Cannuscio C, O'Brien J. Evaluation of a multimedia marketing campaign to engage African American patients in glaucoma screening. Prev Med Rep 2020; 17:101057. [PMID: 32025476 PMCID: PMC6997297 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to determine which messaging approaches from a marketing campaign were most effective in recruiting African American individuals to a glaucoma screening and research study. We conducted a multimedia marketing campaign in Philadelphia from 01/31/2018 to 06/30/2018. Messaging approaches included radio advertisements and interviews (conducted in partnership with a local radio station with a large African American listener base), print materials, event tables, and online postings. Participants received free glaucoma screenings and the opportunity to enroll in our glaucoma genetics study. These screenings allowed individuals with glaucoma to receive a full examination and treatment plan with a glaucoma specialist, as well as to contribute to future efforts to identify genetic variants underlying this disease. We compared inquiry, enrollment, and cost yield for each messaging approach. Our campaign resulted in 154 unique inquiries, with 98 patients receiving glaucoma screenings (64%) and 60 patients enrolling in our study (39%). Commercials on WURD radio yielded the highest number of inquiries (62%) and enrollments (62%), but at relatively high cost ($814/enrolled patient). The most inexpensive approach that yielded more than five enrollments was postcards ($429/enrolled patient). Our campaign suggests that high-frequency commercials and postcards distributed at targeted healthcare locations are particularly effective and affordable options for connecting with the African American community. Our findings can help to inform recruitment efforts for other understudied diseases in minority populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Kikut
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marquis Vaughn
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Salowe
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mohima Sanyal
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sayaka Merriam
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roy Lee
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily Becker
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ahmara Ross
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qi N. Cui
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Victoria Addis
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Prithvi S. Sankar
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Carolyn Cannuscio
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joan O'Brien
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Ching TH, Jelinek L, Hauschildt M, Williams MT. Association Splitting for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Systematic Review. CURRENT PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH AND REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/2352096512666190912143311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Association splitting is a cognitive technique that targets obsessions in
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) by weakening biased semantic associations among OCDrelevant
concepts.
Objective:
In this systematic review, we examine studies on the efficacy of association splitting for
reducing OCD symptoms.
Methods:
Following PRISMA guidelines, six studies were included, with diversity in sample characteristics,
mode of administration (i.e., self-help vs therapist-assisted), language of administration,
comparator groups, etc.
Results:
Results indicated that association splitting, as a self-help intervention, was efficacious in
reducing overall OCD symptom severity, specific OCD symptoms (i.e., sexual obsessions), subclinical
unwanted intrusions, and thought suppression, with small-to-large effect sizes (e.g., across
relevant studies, ds = .28-1.07). Findings were less clear when association splitting was administered
on a therapist-assisted basis as an add-on to standard cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT). Nonetheless,
across studies, the majority of participants reported high acceptability, ease of comprehension,
and adherence to daily association splitting practice.
Conclusion:
Although association splitting is an efficacious and acceptable self-help intervention
for OCD symptoms, future studies should include appropriate comparison groups, conduct longitudinal
assessments, examine efficacy for different symptom dimensions, and assess changes in semantic
networks as proof of mechanistic change. There should also be greater representation of
marginalized groups in future studies to assess association splitting’s utility in circumventing barriers
to face-to-face CBT. Ethical considerations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence H.W. Ching
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT 06269- 1020, United States
| | - Lena Jelinek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marit Hauschildt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Monnica T. Williams
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT 06269- 1020, United States
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Williams MT, Reed S, Aggarwal R. Culturally informed research design issues in a study for MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. JOURNAL OF PSYCHEDELIC STUDIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1556/2054.2019.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent research suggests that psychedelic drugs can be powerful agents of change when utilized in conjunction with psychotherapy. Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy has been studied as a means of helping people overcome posttraumatic stress disorder, believed to work by reducing fear of traumatic memories and increasing feelings of trust and compassion toward others, without inhibiting access to difficult emotions. However, research studies for psychedelic psychotherapies have largely excluded people of color, leaving important questions unaddressed for these populations. At the University of Connecticut, we participated as a study site in a MAPS-sponsored, FDA-reviewed Phase 2 open-label multisite study, with a focus on providing culturally informed care to people of color. We discuss the development of a study site focused on the ethnic minority trauma experience, including assessment of racial trauma, design of informed consent documents to improve understanding and acceptability to people of color, diversification of the treatment team, ongoing training for team members, validation of participant experiences of racial oppression at a cultural and individual level, examination of the setting and music used during sessions for cultural congruence, training for the independent rater pool, community outreach, and institutional resistance. We also discuss next steps in ensuring that access to culturally informed care is prioritized as MDMA and other psychedelics move into late phase trials, including the importance of diverse sites and training focused on therapy providers of color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monnica T. Williams
- 1 Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- 2 School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sara Reed
- 1 Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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Gaupp-Berghausen M, Raser E, Anaya-Boig E, Avila-Palencia I, de Nazelle A, Dons E, Franzen H, Gerike R, Götschi T, Iacorossi F, Hössinger R, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Rojas-Rueda D, Sanchez J, Smeds E, Deforth M, Standaert A, Stigell E, Cole-Hunter T, Int Panis L. Evaluation of Different Recruitment Methods: Longitudinal, Web-Based, Pan-European Physical Activity Through Sustainable Transport Approaches (PASTA) Project. J Med Internet Res 2019; 21:e11492. [PMID: 31066715 PMCID: PMC6533046 DOI: 10.2196/11492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sufficient sample size and minimal sample bias are core requirements for empirical data analyses. Combining opportunistic recruitment with a Web-based survey and data-collection platform yields new benefits over traditional recruitment approaches. Objective This paper aims to report the success of different recruitment methods and obtain data on participants’ characteristics, participation behavior, recruitment rates, and representativeness of the sample. Methods A longitudinal, Web-based survey was implemented as part of the European PASTA (Physical Activity through Sustainable Transport Approaches) project, between November 2014 and December 2016. During this period, participants were recruited from 7 European cities on a rolling basis. A standardized guide on recruitment strategy was developed for all cities, to reach a sufficient number of adult participants. To make use of the strengths and minimize weakness, a combination of different opportunistic recruitment methods was applied. In addition, the random sampling approach was applied in the city of Örebro. To reduce the attrition rate and improve real-time monitoring, the Web-based platform featured a participant’s and a researchers’ user interface and dashboard. Results Overall, 10,691 participants were recruited; most people found out about the survey through their workplace or employer (2300/10691, 21.51%), outreach promotion (2219/10691, 20.76%), and social media (1859/10691, 17.39%). The average number of questionnaires filled in per participant varied significantly between the cities (P<.001), with the highest number in Zurich (11.0, SE 0.33) and the lowest in Örebro (4.8, SE 0.17). Collaboration with local organizations, the use of Facebook and mailing lists, and direct street recruitment were the most effective approaches in reaching a high share of participants (P<.001). Considering the invested working hours, Facebook was one of the most time-efficient methods. Compared with the cities’ census data, the composition of study participants was broadly representative in terms of gender distribution; however, the study included younger and better-educated participants. Conclusions We observed that offering a mixed recruitment approach was highly effective in achieving a high participation rate. The highest attrition rate and the lowest average number of questionnaires filled in per participant were observed in Örebro, which also recruited participants through random sampling. These findings suggest that people who are more interested in the topic are more willing to participate and stay in a survey than those who are selected randomly and may not have a strong connection to the research topic. Although direct face-to-face contacts were very effective with respect to the number of recruited participants, recruiting people through social media was not only effective but also very time efficient. The collected data are based on one of the largest recruited longitudinal samples with a common recruitment strategy in different European cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mailin Gaupp-Berghausen
- Institute for Transport Studies, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Raser
- Institute for Transport Studies, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Esther Anaya-Boig
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ione Avila-Palencia
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Audrey de Nazelle
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evi Dons
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Regine Gerike
- Chair of Integrated Transport Planning and Traffic Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Götschi
- Physical Activity and Health Unit, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Reinhard Hössinger
- Institute for Transport Studies, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Rojas-Rueda
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julian Sanchez
- London Borough of Newham, London, United Kingdom.,The London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emilia Smeds
- Department of Science, Technology, Engineering and Public Policy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manja Deforth
- Physical Activity and Health Unit, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arnout Standaert
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Tom Cole-Hunter
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain.,International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Air Pollution, Energy and Health Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Luc Int Panis
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium.,Transportation Research Institute (IMOB), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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12
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Stewart E, Grunthal B, Collins L, Coles M. Public Recognition and Perceptions of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Community Ment Health J 2019; 55:74-82. [PMID: 30101380 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-018-0323-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has indicated that the public's knowledge on obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is poor. Public understanding and perception of OCD may be one contributor to this issue. Given that mental health literacy is an important first step for those to receive the appropriate care, we sought to understand more about the public's awareness and perceptions of OCD. Data regarding knowledge of OCD were collected through a New York statewide telephone survey (N = 806). Results indicated that those who had never heard of OCD were more likely to be ethnic minorities, have a lower income, and less education. Most participants described OCD either in terms of compulsions or in terms of perfectionism. Almost half (46.5%) of participants did not think there is a difference between someone with OCD and someone who is obsessive-compulsive. These findings are consistent with previous literature regarding race and treatment seeking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse Stewart
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University - State University of New York, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA.
| | - Breanna Grunthal
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University - State University of New York, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Lindsey Collins
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University - State University of New York, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Meredith Coles
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University - State University of New York, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
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13
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Michaels TI, Purdon J, Collins A, Williams MT. Inclusion of people of color in psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy: a review of the literature. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:245. [PMID: 30064392 PMCID: PMC6069717 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1824-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite renewed interest in studying the safety and efficacy of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy for the treatment of psychological disorders, the enrollment of racially diverse participants and the unique presentation of psychopathology in this population has not been a focus of this potentially ground-breaking area of research. In 1993, the United States National Institutes of Health issued a mandate that funded research must include participants of color and proposals must include methods for achieving diverse samples. METHODS A methodological search of psychedelic studies from 1993 to 2017 was conducted to evaluate ethnoracial differences in inclusion and effective methods of recruiting peopple of color. RESULTS Of the 18 studies that met full criteria (n = 282 participants), 82.3% of the participants were non-Hispanic White, 2.5% were African-American, 2.1% were of Latino origin, 1.8% were of Asian origin, 4.6% were of indigenous origin, 4.6% were of mixed race, 1.8% identified their race as "other," and the ethnicity of 8.2% of participants was unknown. There were no significant differences in recruitment methodologies between those studies that had higher (> 20%) rates of inclusion. CONCLUSIONS As minorities are greatly underrepresented in psychedelic medicine studies, reported treatment outcomes may not generalize to all ethnic and cultural groups. Inclusion of minorities in futures studies and improved recruitment strategies are necessary to better understand the efficacy of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy in people of color and provide all with equal opportunities for involvement in this potentially promising treatment paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy I. Michaels
- 0000 0001 0860 4915grid.63054.34Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Bousfield Psychology Building, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
| | - Jennifer Purdon
- 0000 0001 0860 4915grid.63054.34Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Bousfield Psychology Building, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT 06269 USA ,0000000419370394grid.208078.5Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030 USA
| | - Alexis Collins
- 0000 0001 0860 4915grid.63054.34Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Bousfield Psychology Building, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
| | - Monnica T. Williams
- 0000 0001 0860 4915grid.63054.34Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Bousfield Psychology Building, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT 06269 USA ,0000000419370394grid.208078.5Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030 USA
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14
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Abstract
This article seeks to commence and encourage discussion around the upcoming ethical challenges of virality in network structures. When the call for participation in a research project on lupus in Ireland went from an advertisement in a newsletter to a meme (unit of transmissible information) on a closed Facebook page, the ethical considerations of virality were raised. The article analyzes the Association of Internet Researchers guidelines, Facebook policies, and the context of privacy in relation to virality. Virality creates the leverage for methodological pluralism. The nature of the inquiry can determine the method rather than the other way around. Viral ethical considerations are evolving due to the cyber world becoming the primary meme of communication, with flexibility in the researcher's protocol providing opportunities for efficient, cost-effective, and diverse recruitment.
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15
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Chasson GS, Williams MT, Davis DM, Combs JY. Missed diagnoses in African Americans with obsessive-compulsive disorder: the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders (SCID-I). BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17:258. [PMID: 28716021 PMCID: PMC5514479 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1422-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on the utility of structured interviews in assessing OCD is scarce, and even more so, in its use for OCD in African Americans. The purpose of this study was to examine the utility of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) in detecting OCD in African Americans when used by well-trained, culturally competent clinicians. METHODS Seventy-four African American adults with OCD were assessed with the SCID-I and additional measures of OCD. RESULTS Results revealed the poor diagnostic utility of the SCID OCD section (SCID-OCD), with 66.2% (N = 49) correctly identified and 33.8% (N = 25) incorrectly diagnosed. Participants receiving the correct diagnosis were more likely to endorse compulsive behaviors, specifically ordering compulsions, and experience greater symptom severity. CONCLUSION The lack of sensitivity for identification of OCD is discussed as the SCID-OCD seems to often miss a true diagnosis of OCD in African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S. Chasson
- 0000 0004 1936 7806grid.62813.3eDepartment of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3105 S. Dearborn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | - Monnica T. Williams
- 0000 0001 0860 4915grid.63054.34Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT 06269-1020 USA
| | - Darlene M. Davis
- 0000 0001 2113 1622grid.266623.5Center for Mental Health Disparities, Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, 2301 South Third Street, Louisville, KY 40292 USA
| | - Jessica Y. Combs
- 0000 0001 2107 308Xgrid.412724.6Department of Psychology, Spalding University, Louisville, KY USA
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16
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Williams MT, Taylor RJ, Himle JA, Chatters LM. Demographic and health-related correlates of obsessive-compulsive symptoms among African Americans. J Obsessive Compuls Relat Disord 2017; 14:119-126. [PMID: 30079297 PMCID: PMC6072272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocrd.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the correlates of the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) among a nationally-representative sample of African American adults (n = 3,570). Demographic and several self-rated health variables were examined. Although only 1.6% of the sample met DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for OCD, a sizeable proportion of the sample reported compulsions (12.5%) and obsessions (15.3%). Material hardship was positively associated with nearly all measured symptoms of OCD and fewer years of educational attainment was related to greater compulsive symptoms. Self-rated mental health was related to both compulsions and obsessions, and self-rated physical health was associated with counting and repeating compulsions. Implications and areas for further research with African Americans are discussed, including improving access to care for those most in need of services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monnica T Williams
- College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, Department of Psychological Sciences School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut
| | - Robert Joseph Taylor
- School of Social Work, Program for Research on Black Americans, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Joseph A Himle
- School of Social Work, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Linda M Chatters
- School of Social Work, School of Public Health, Program for Research on Black Americans, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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17
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Graves D, Sheldon JP. Recruiting African American Children for Research: An Ecological Systems Theory Approach. West J Nurs Res 2017; 40:1489-1521. [PMID: 28436265 DOI: 10.1177/0193945917704856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
With health disparities still pervasive and persistent in the United States, medical researchers and social scientists continue to develop recruitment strategies to increase the inclusion of racial/ethnic minority groups in research and interventions. Effective methods for recruiting samples of African American participants for pediatric research may be best understood when situated within an overarching conceptual model-one that serves to organize and explain effective recruitment strategies. A theoretical framework well suited for this purpose is Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, which views individuals as influencing and being influenced by (both directly and indirectly) a series of interconnected social systems. Based on the ecological systems theory and on previous research from multiple domains (e.g., medicine, psychology, public health, social work), in the current article, we review strategies for effective recruitment of African American children and adolescents for research.
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18
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Admon L, Haefner JK, Kolenic GE, Chang T, Davis MM, Moniz MH. Recruiting Pregnant Patients for Survey Research: A Head to Head Comparison of Social Media-Based Versus Clinic-Based Approaches. J Med Internet Res 2016; 18:e326. [PMID: 28003174 PMCID: PMC5215244 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.6593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recruiting a diverse sample of pregnant women for clinical research is a challenging but crucial task for improving obstetric services and maternal and child health outcomes. Objective To compare the feasibility and cost of recruiting pregnant women for survey research using social media-based and clinic-based approaches. Methods Advertisements were used to recruit pregnant women from the social media website Facebook. In-person methods were used to recruit pregnant women from the outpatient clinic of a large, tertiary care center. In both approaches, potential respondents were invited to participate in a 15-minute Web-based survey. Each recruitment method was monitored for 1 month. Using bivariate statistics, we compared the number, demographic characteristics, and health characteristics of women recruited and the cost per completed survey for each recruitment method. Results The social media-based approach recruited 1178 women and the clinic-based approach recruited 219 women. A higher proportion of subjects recruited through social media identified as African American (29.4%, 207/705 vs 11.2%, 20/179), reported household incomes <US $30,000 per year (56.8%, 409/720 vs 25.8%, 47/182), reported being in early pregnancy (18.6%, 135/726 vs 10.4%, 19/183 first trimester), and rated their health as fair or poor (22.2%, 160/722 vs 8.2%, 15/183; all P<.001). A smaller proportion of subjects recruited through social media had earned a college degree (21.3%, 153/717 vs 62.3%, 114/183) and were married or in a domestic partnership (45.7%, 330/722 vs 72.1%, 132/183; all P<.001). Social media-based recruitment costs were US $14.63 per completed survey, compared with US $23.51 for clinic-based recruitment. Conclusions Web-based recruitment through a social networking platform is a feasible, inexpensive, and rapid means of recruiting a large, diverse sample of pregnant women for survey research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Admon
- National Clinician Scholars Program, University of Michigan Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation and the US Department of Veterans Affairs, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jessica K Haefner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Giselle E Kolenic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Tammy Chang
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Matthew M Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Michelle H Moniz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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19
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Using Internet to recruit immigrants with language and culture barriers for tobacco and alcohol use screening: a study among Brazilians. J Immigr Minor Health 2016; 17:553-60. [PMID: 24563138 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-013-9934-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Limited English proficient (LEP) individuals face disparities in accessing substance abuse treatment, but little is known on how to reach this population. This study aimed to test online recruitment methods for tobacco and alcohol screening among LEP Portuguese speakers. The study was advertised in Portuguese using Facebook, Google, online newsletters and E-mail. Participants clicked ads to consent and access a screening for tobacco and alcohol dependence. Ads yielded 690 screening responses in 90 days. Respondents had a mean age of 42.7 (SD 12), with a higher proportion of women than men, 95% born in Brazil with high levels of LEP and low levels of acculturation. Facebook ads yielded 41.4% of responses, and were the lowest cost recruitment channel ($8.9, $31.10 and $20.40 per respondent, hazardous drinker and smoker, respectively). Online recruitment of LEP populations is feasible. Future studies should test similar strategies in other LEP groups.
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20
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Williams MT, Brown TL, Sawyer B. Psychiatric Comorbidity and Hoarding Symptoms in African Americans With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. JOURNAL OF BLACK PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0095798416639438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated comorbidity and hoarding symptoms in a sample of African American adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder ( N = 75). For lifetime disorders, 87.9% of participants had at least one other comorbid condition. The most prevalent comorbidities were mood disorders (67.1%), anxiety disorders (51.4%), and substance abuse disorders (38.0%). There was low comorbidity with eating disorders, as only 4.1% had binge-eating disorder and none met criteria for anorexia or bulimia nervosa. In terms of gender differences, females were more likely to have posttraumatic stress disorder and males were more likely to have a comorbid alcohol use disorder. Over half of the participants had hoarding compulsions (56.0%) as indicated by the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. Individuals with hoarding compulsions were more likely to have comorbid anxiety-related disorders than those without, and experienced greater indecisiveness, pathological slowness, and doubting; they also had less education and earning power than those without these behaviors. African Americans with obsessive-compulsive disorder tend to have high rates of comorbid disorders, with patterns that resemble findings in non-Hispanic White populations.
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21
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Tanner A, Bergeron CD, Zheng Y, Friedman DB, Kim SH, Foster CB. Communicating Effectively About Clinical Trials With African American Communities: A Comparison of African American and White Information Sources and Needs. Health Promot Pract 2015; 17:199-208. [PMID: 26715695 DOI: 10.1177/1524839915621545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Clinical trial (CT) participation is low among African Americans (AAs). To better communicate with AAs about the importance of CTs, the purpose of this study was to explore the communication sources and perceived effective communication channels and strategies through which the general public, AAs, and White individuals receive CT information. A quantitative telephone survey was conducted with AAs and Whites in one Southern state (N = 511). The measures assessed CT sources of information, perceived effectiveness of communication channels and strategies, CT understanding, and CT participation. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were used to compare responses overall and by race. AAs reported being exposed to more CT information than Whites. AAs received CT information most often through television, social media, and doctors compared to Whites. Perceived effectiveness of communication strategies and channels varied by race. AAs preferred simple and easy-to-understand CT information distributed through faith-based organizations. Whites preferred to receive CT information through a trustworthy source (e.g., doctor). There were no significant differences between AAs and Whites in their perceived effectiveness of media sources (e.g., Internet). Recommendations are provided to help health promotion practitioners and CT recruiters tailor information and communicate it effectively to potential AA and White CT participants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yue Zheng
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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22
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Hildebrand J, Burns S, Zhao Y, Lobo R, Howat P, Allsop S, Maycock B. Potential and Challenges in Collecting Social and Behavioral Data on Adolescent Alcohol Norms: Comparing Respondent-Driven Sampling and Web-Based Respondent-Driven Sampling. J Med Internet Res 2015; 17:e285. [PMID: 26704736 PMCID: PMC4705369 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.4762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) is a method successfully used to research hard-to-access populations. Few studies have explored the use of the Internet and social media with RDS, known as Web-based RDS (WebRDS). This study explored the use of combining both “traditional” RDS and WebRDS to examine the influences on adolescent alcohol use. Objective This paper reports on the recruitment processes and the challenges and enablers of both RDS and WebRDS. It details comparative recruitment data and provides a summary of the utility of both methods for recruiting adolescents to participate in an online survey investigating youth alcohol norms. Methods Process evaluation data collected from research staff throughout the study were used to assess the challenges and solutions of RDS and WebRDS. Pearson chi-square test (Fisher’s exact test if applicable) was used to compare the differences in sociodemographics and drinking behavior between data collected by RDS and WebRDS. Results Of the total sample (N=1012), 232 adolescents were recruited by RDS and 780 by WebRDS. A significantly larger proportion of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander (P<.001) participants who spoke English as their main language at home (P=.03), and of middle and lower socioeconomic status (P<.001) was found in the RDS sample. The RDS sample was also found to have a higher occurrence of past 7-day drinking (P<.001) and past 7-day risky drinking (P=.004). No significant differences in gender, age, past month alcohol use, and lifetime alcohol use were observed between the RDS and WebRDS samples. This study revealed RDS and WebRDS used similar lengths of chains for recruiting participants; however, WebRDS conducted a faster rate of recruitment at a lower average cost per participant compared to RDS. Conclusions Using WebRDS resulted in significant improvements in the recruitment rate and was a more effective and efficient use of resources than the traditional RDS method. However, WebRDS resulted in partially different sample characteristics to traditional RDS. This potential effect should be considered when selecting the most appropriate data collection method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Hildebrand
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
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23
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Fernández de la Cruz L, Llorens M, Jassi A, Krebs G, Vidal-Ribas P, Radua J, Hatch SL, Bhugra D, Heyman I, Clark B, Mataix-Cols D. Ethnic inequalities in the use of secondary and tertiary mental health services among patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry 2015. [PMID: 26206866 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.114.154062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has similar prevalence rates across ethnic groups. However, ethnic minorities are underrepresented in clinical trials of OCD. It is unclear whether this is also the case in clinical services. AIMS To explore whether ethnic minorities with OCD are underrepresented in secondary and tertiary mental health services in the South London and Maudsley (SLaM) NHS Foundation Trust. METHOD The ethnic distribution of patients with OCD seen between 1999 and 2013 in SLaM (n = 1528) was compared with that of the general population in the catchment area using census data. A cohort of patients with depression (n = 22 716) was used for comparative purposes. RESULTS Ethnic minorities with OCD were severely underrepresented across services (-57%, 95% CI -62% to -52%). The magnitude of the observed inequalities was significantly more pronounced than in depression (-29%, 95% CI -31% to -27%). CONCLUSIONS There is a clear need to understand the reasons behind such ethnic inequalities and implement measures to reduce them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Fernández de la Cruz
- Lorena Fernández de la Cruz, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Marta Llorens, MD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK; Amita Jassi, DClinPsy, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Georgina Krebs, DClinPsy, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London and National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Pablo Vidal-Ribas, MSc, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK; Joaquim Radua, MD, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK, Fundació per a la Investigació i la Docència Maria Angustias Giménez Research Unit, Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain; Stephani L. Hatch, PhD, Dinesh Bhugra, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK; Isobel Heyman, MBBS, PhD, FRCPsych, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Bruce Clark, MD, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; David Mataix-Cols, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK and Department of Clinical Neu
| | - Marta Llorens
- Lorena Fernández de la Cruz, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Marta Llorens, MD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK; Amita Jassi, DClinPsy, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Georgina Krebs, DClinPsy, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London and National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Pablo Vidal-Ribas, MSc, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK; Joaquim Radua, MD, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK, Fundació per a la Investigació i la Docència Maria Angustias Giménez Research Unit, Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain; Stephani L. Hatch, PhD, Dinesh Bhugra, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK; Isobel Heyman, MBBS, PhD, FRCPsych, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Bruce Clark, MD, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; David Mataix-Cols, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK and Department of Clinical Neu
| | - Amita Jassi
- Lorena Fernández de la Cruz, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Marta Llorens, MD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK; Amita Jassi, DClinPsy, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Georgina Krebs, DClinPsy, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London and National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Pablo Vidal-Ribas, MSc, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK; Joaquim Radua, MD, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK, Fundació per a la Investigació i la Docència Maria Angustias Giménez Research Unit, Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain; Stephani L. Hatch, PhD, Dinesh Bhugra, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK; Isobel Heyman, MBBS, PhD, FRCPsych, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Bruce Clark, MD, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; David Mataix-Cols, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK and Department of Clinical Neu
| | - Georgina Krebs
- Lorena Fernández de la Cruz, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Marta Llorens, MD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK; Amita Jassi, DClinPsy, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Georgina Krebs, DClinPsy, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London and National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Pablo Vidal-Ribas, MSc, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK; Joaquim Radua, MD, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK, Fundació per a la Investigació i la Docència Maria Angustias Giménez Research Unit, Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain; Stephani L. Hatch, PhD, Dinesh Bhugra, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK; Isobel Heyman, MBBS, PhD, FRCPsych, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Bruce Clark, MD, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; David Mataix-Cols, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK and Department of Clinical Neu
| | - Pablo Vidal-Ribas
- Lorena Fernández de la Cruz, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Marta Llorens, MD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK; Amita Jassi, DClinPsy, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Georgina Krebs, DClinPsy, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London and National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Pablo Vidal-Ribas, MSc, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK; Joaquim Radua, MD, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK, Fundació per a la Investigació i la Docència Maria Angustias Giménez Research Unit, Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain; Stephani L. Hatch, PhD, Dinesh Bhugra, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK; Isobel Heyman, MBBS, PhD, FRCPsych, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Bruce Clark, MD, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; David Mataix-Cols, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK and Department of Clinical Neu
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Lorena Fernández de la Cruz, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Marta Llorens, MD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK; Amita Jassi, DClinPsy, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Georgina Krebs, DClinPsy, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London and National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Pablo Vidal-Ribas, MSc, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK; Joaquim Radua, MD, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK, Fundació per a la Investigació i la Docència Maria Angustias Giménez Research Unit, Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain; Stephani L. Hatch, PhD, Dinesh Bhugra, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK; Isobel Heyman, MBBS, PhD, FRCPsych, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Bruce Clark, MD, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; David Mataix-Cols, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK and Department of Clinical Neu
| | - Stephani L Hatch
- Lorena Fernández de la Cruz, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Marta Llorens, MD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK; Amita Jassi, DClinPsy, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Georgina Krebs, DClinPsy, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London and National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Pablo Vidal-Ribas, MSc, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK; Joaquim Radua, MD, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK, Fundació per a la Investigació i la Docència Maria Angustias Giménez Research Unit, Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain; Stephani L. Hatch, PhD, Dinesh Bhugra, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK; Isobel Heyman, MBBS, PhD, FRCPsych, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Bruce Clark, MD, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; David Mataix-Cols, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK and Department of Clinical Neu
| | - Dinesh Bhugra
- Lorena Fernández de la Cruz, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Marta Llorens, MD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK; Amita Jassi, DClinPsy, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Georgina Krebs, DClinPsy, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London and National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Pablo Vidal-Ribas, MSc, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK; Joaquim Radua, MD, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK, Fundació per a la Investigació i la Docència Maria Angustias Giménez Research Unit, Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain; Stephani L. Hatch, PhD, Dinesh Bhugra, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK; Isobel Heyman, MBBS, PhD, FRCPsych, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Bruce Clark, MD, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; David Mataix-Cols, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK and Department of Clinical Neu
| | - Isobel Heyman
- Lorena Fernández de la Cruz, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Marta Llorens, MD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK; Amita Jassi, DClinPsy, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Georgina Krebs, DClinPsy, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London and National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Pablo Vidal-Ribas, MSc, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK; Joaquim Radua, MD, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK, Fundació per a la Investigació i la Docència Maria Angustias Giménez Research Unit, Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain; Stephani L. Hatch, PhD, Dinesh Bhugra, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK; Isobel Heyman, MBBS, PhD, FRCPsych, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Bruce Clark, MD, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; David Mataix-Cols, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK and Department of Clinical Neu
| | - Bruce Clark
- Lorena Fernández de la Cruz, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Marta Llorens, MD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK; Amita Jassi, DClinPsy, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Georgina Krebs, DClinPsy, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London and National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Pablo Vidal-Ribas, MSc, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK; Joaquim Radua, MD, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK, Fundació per a la Investigació i la Docència Maria Angustias Giménez Research Unit, Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain; Stephani L. Hatch, PhD, Dinesh Bhugra, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK; Isobel Heyman, MBBS, PhD, FRCPsych, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Bruce Clark, MD, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; David Mataix-Cols, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK and Department of Clinical Neu
| | - David Mataix-Cols
- Lorena Fernández de la Cruz, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Marta Llorens, MD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK; Amita Jassi, DClinPsy, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Georgina Krebs, DClinPsy, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London and National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Pablo Vidal-Ribas, MSc, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK; Joaquim Radua, MD, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK, Fundació per a la Investigació i la Docència Maria Angustias Giménez Research Unit, Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain; Stephani L. Hatch, PhD, Dinesh Bhugra, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK; Isobel Heyman, MBBS, PhD, FRCPsych, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Bruce Clark, MD, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; David Mataix-Cols, PhD, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, National and Specialist OCD Clinic for Young People, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK and Department of Clinical Neu
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Overcoming barriers to recruiting ethnic minorities to mental health research: a typology of recruitment strategies. BMC Psychiatry 2015; 15:101. [PMID: 25934297 PMCID: PMC4436137 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-015-0484-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ethnic minority population in developed countries is increasing over time. These groups are at higher risk of mental illness and demonstrate lower participation in research. Published evidence suggests that multiple factors like stigma, lack of trust, differences in explanatory models, logistical issues and lack of culturally aware researchers act as barriers to ethnic minority recruitment into mental health research. To reduce inequalities in participation, there is a need to devise innovative and culturally sensitive recruitment strategies. It is important that researchers share their experience of employing these strategies so that ethnic minority participation can be facilitated. METHODS We previously published a systematic review of barriers to recruiting ethnic minority participants into mental health research. The nine papers included in our prior review formed the basis for developing a typology of barriers to recruiting ethnic minorities into mental health research. This typology identified 33 barriers, described under five themes. We further extracted data on the strategies used to overcome these recruitment barriers, as described in the included studies. RESULTS The strategies employed by the authors could be matched to all but two barriers (psychopathology/substance misuse and limited resource availability). There was evidence that multiple strategies were employed, and that these depended upon the population, clinical set-up and resources available. CONCLUSIONS This typology of strategies to overcome barriers to recruiting ethnic minorities provides guidance on achieving higher rates of recruitment. It is important that researchers plan to deploy these strategies well in advance of initiating recruitment. Whilst adopting these strategies, the authors have not been able to quantify the positive impact of these strategies on recruitment. The typology should encourage researchers to employ these strategies in future research, refine them further and quantitatively evaluate their impact.
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Tanner A, Kim SH, Friedman DB, Foster C, Bergeron CD. Promoting clinical research to medically underserved communities: current practices and perceptions about clinical trial recruiting strategies. Contemp Clin Trials 2014; 41:39-44. [PMID: 25542611 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although clinical trials have the potential to provide the most advanced medical treatments and screening options, accrual rates remain low among medically underserved populations. Strategies to enhance clinical trial recruitment are frequently undertaken without developing, implementing, and evaluating communication and educational activities. This study assesses the current clinical trial recruiting efforts taking place at academic medical centers in a southeastern state and explores principal investigators' attitudes and beliefs about how to successfully recruit for clinical trials, in the general population, and in African American and rural communities. METHODS An online survey was used to collect responses from clinical trial principal investigators working in a southeastern state's five main academic medical centers. Respondents were asked about their experience with recruitment and recruiting strategies, in general, and in the African American and rural communities. RESULTS Respondents said that it was most difficult to find rural residents to participate in clinical trials (M=3.60, SD=.93), followed by the general public (M=3.30, SD=.99) and African American residents (M=3.15, SD=.99). Investigators most often reported personally recruiting their patients (M=3.50, SD=1.34) and through local doctors (M=2.80, SD=1.20). Principal investigators rarely recruit through faith-based organizations (M=1.74, SD=1.05), or by using radio (M=1.62, SD=.90), or television ads (M=1.42, SD=.75). CONCLUSION Clinical trial investigators rarely communicate about clinical research outside of the medical setting or partner with community organizations or local doctors to reach individuals in medically underserved communities. Study implications describe the importance of educating research teams about how best to promote clinical trial awareness and knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tanner
- School of Journalism and Mass Communications, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States.
| | - Sei-Hill Kim
- School of Journalism and Mass Communications, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Daniela B Friedman
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States; Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | | | - Caroline D Bergeron
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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Raviotta JM, Nowalk MP, Lin CJ, Huang HH, Zimmerman RK. Using Facebook™ to Recruit College-Age Men for a Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Trial. Am J Mens Health 2014; 10:110-9. [PMID: 25389213 DOI: 10.1177/1557988314557563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
College-age men were recruited using Facebook™ advertisements (ads), as well as traditional recruitment methods, for a randomized controlled trial to compare immunological responses to human papillomavirus vaccine administered in two dosing schedules. This study compares enrollees who were recruited through traditional recruitment methods versus social networking sites (SNSs), including Facebook. Potential participants were recruited using flyers posted on and off campus(es), and distributed at health fairs, classes, sporting, and other campus events; e-mails to students and student organizations; and print advertisements in student newspapers and on city buses. Facebook ads were displayed to users with specific age, geographic, and interest characteristics; ads were monitored daily to make adjustments to improve response. A total of 220 males, aged 18 to 25 years enrolled between October 2010 and May 2011. The majority of participants (51%) reported print advertisements as the method by which they first heard about the study, followed by personal contact (29%) and Facebook or other SNSs (20%). The likelihood of a SNS being the source by which the participant first heard about the study compared with traditional methods was increased if the participant reported (a) being homosexual or bisexual or (b) posting daily updates on SNSs. Facebook and other SNSs are a viable recruitment strategy for reaching potential clinical trial participants among groups who typically use social media to stay connected with their friends and hard-to-reach groups such as young men who self-identify as homosexual or bisexual.
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Arcia A. Facebook Advertisements for Inexpensive Participant Recruitment Among Women in Early Pregnancy. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2013; 41:237-41. [PMID: 24082026 DOI: 10.1177/1090198113504414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Facebook advertisements were used to recruit nulliparous women in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy for an online survey about their childbirth preferences. A campaign of ads was targeted to women, aged 18 to 44 years, residing in the United States. The ads were viewed 10,577,381 times by 7,248,985 unique Facebook users over 18 weeks in 2011. The ad campaign yielded 6,094 clicks by 5,963 unique users at a mean cost of $0.63 per click and a unique click-through rate of 0.08%. Of those who clicked through to the study site, 18% (n = 1,075) consented to participate. The participant pool was reduced to 344 women after application of strict eligibility criteria. Participants represented 43 states and the District of Columbia, their mean age was 20.9 years (Mdn = 19.0, SD = 4.0), and their mean weeks' gestation was 11.5 (SD = 5.8). The campaign cost was $3,821.81 or $11.11 per eligible participant.
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Williams MT, Wetterneck CT, Thibodeau MA, Duque G. Validation of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Severity Scale in African Americans with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2013; 209:214-21. [PMID: 23664665 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) is widely used in the assessment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), but the psychometric properties of the instrument have not been examined in African Americans with OCD. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the properties of the Y-BOCS severity scale in this population. Participants were 75 African American adults with a lifetime diagnosis of OCD. They completed the Y-BOCS, the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM). Evaluators rated OCD severity using the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) and their global assessment of functioning (GAF). The Y-BOCS was significantly correlated with both the CGI and GAF, indicating convergent validity. It also demonstrated good internal consistency (α=0.83) and divergent validity when compared to the BAI and BDI-II. Confirmatory factor analyses tested five previously reported models and supported a three-factor solution, although no model exhibited excellent fit. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted, supporting a three-factor solution. A linear regression was conducted, predicting CGI from the three factors of the Y-BOCS and the MEIM, and the model was significant. The Y-BOCS appears to be a valid measure for African American populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monnica T Williams
- University of Pennsylvania, Center for the Treatment and Study of Anxiety, Department of Psychiatry, 3535 Market Street, 6th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Kapp JM, Peters C, Oliver DP. Research recruitment using Facebook advertising: big potential, big challenges. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2013; 28:134-7. [PMID: 23292877 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-012-0443-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
To our knowledge, ours is the first study to report on Facebook advertising as an exclusive mechanism for recruiting women ages 35-49 years residing in the USA into a health-related research study. We directed our survey to women ages 35-49 years who resided in the USA exclusively using three Facebook advertisements. Women were then redirected to our survey site. There were 20,568,960 women on Facebook that met the eligibility criteria. The three ads resulted in 899,998 impressions with a reach of 374,225 women. Of the women reached, 280 women (0.075 %) clicked the ad. Of the women who clicked the ad, nine women (3.2 %) proceeded past the introductory page. Social networking, and in particular Facebook, is an innovative venue for recruiting participants for research studies. Challenges include developing an ad to foster interest without biasing the sample, and motivating women who click the ad to complete the survey. There is still much to learn about this potential method of recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Kapp
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Green MA, Kim MM, Barber S, Odulana AA, Godley PA, Howard DL, Corbie-Smith GM. Connecting communities to health research: development of the Project CONNECT minority research registry. Contemp Clin Trials 2013; 35:1-7. [PMID: 23340183 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prevention and treatment standards are based on evidence obtained in behavioral and clinical research. However, racial and ethnic minorities remain relatively absent from the science that develops these standards. While investigators have successfully recruited participants for individual studies using tailored recruitment methods, these strategies require considerable time and resources. Research registries, typically developed around a disease or condition, serve as a promising model for a targeted recruitment method to increase minority participation in health research. This study assessed the tailored recruitment methods used to populate a health research registry targeting African-American community members. METHODS We describe six recruitment methods applied between September 2004 and October 2008 to recruit members into a health research registry. Recruitment included direct (existing studies, public databases, community outreach) and indirect methods (radio, internet, and email) targeting the general population, local universities, and African American communities. We conducted retrospective analysis of the recruitment by method using descriptive statistics, frequencies, and chi-square statistics. RESULTS During the recruitment period, 608 individuals enrolled in the research registry. The majority of enrollees were African American, female, and in good health. Direct and indirect methods were identified as successful strategies for subgroups. Findings suggest significant associations between recruitment methods and age, presence of existing health condition, prior research participation, and motivation to join the registry. CONCLUSIONS A health research registry can be a successful tool to increase minority awareness of research opportunities. Multi-pronged recruitment approaches are needed to reach diverse subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Green
- Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 725 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7590, USA.
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Williams MT, Elstein J, Buckner E, Abelson J, Himle J. Symptom Dimensions in Two Samples of Africans Americans with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. J Obsessive Compuls Relat Disord 2012; 1:145-152. [PMID: 22708117 PMCID: PMC3375170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocrd.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide, however, there is a lack of research that includes African Americans, thus it is unclear whether findings about symptom dimensions can be generalized to this population. A sample of adult African Americans with OCD (N=74) was recruited at the University of Pennsylvania (Penn) and administered the Yale Brown Obsessive-Compulsive checklist (YBOCS) to better understand the phenomenology of OCD in African Americans. Frequencies of symptoms are reported and compared to findings from the National Survey of American Life (NSAL; N=54). A principal components analysis of YBOCS categories and items was performed on the Penn sample. A six-component solution was found, that included Contamination & Washing, Hoarding, Sexual Obsessions & Reassurance, Aggression & Mental Compulsions, Symmetry & Perfectionism, and Doubt & Checking, explaining 59.1% of the variance. Factors identified were similar to those of previous studies in primarily white samples. African Americans with OCD reported more contamination symptoms and were twice as likely to report excessive concerns with animals as European Americans with OCD. The results indicate the presence of cultural differences, which is consistent with findings among non-clinical samples. Implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Williams
- University of Louisville, Center for Mental Health Disparities, Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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Mendoza DB, Williams MT, Chapman LK, Powers M. Minority inclusion in randomized clinical trials of panic disorder. J Anxiety Disord 2012; 26:574-82. [PMID: 22445317 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In 1993, the National Institutes of Health issued a mandate that funded research must include participation by racial and ethnic minority groups, and researchers were required to include in their proposals strategies by which they would achieve diversity in their samples. A methodological search for randomized clinical trials of panic disorder was conducted to evaluate ethnoracial differences in panic disorder symptoms, rates of minority inclusion in North American studies, and effective methods of minority recruitment. Less than half of the studies identified reported ethnic and racial data for their sample. Of the 21 studies that did report this information (n=2687), 82.7% were European American/non-Hispanic White, 4.9% were African American/Black, 3.4% were Hispanic, 1.1% were Asian American, and 1.4% were another ethnicity. The remaining 6.5% was simply classified as other/non-White. The primary recruitment techniques utilized were clinical referral and advertising, but neither of these methods were correlated with improved minority participation, nor was the number of recruitment sites. As minorities are greatly underrepresented in panic disorder studies, reported treatment outcomes may not generalize to all ethnic and cultural groups. Researchers have not followed NIH guidelines regarding inclusion of special populations. Inclusion of minorities in future studies is needed to fully understand issues related to the treatment of panic disorder in non-White populations. Suggestions for improved recruitment of ethnoracial minorities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian B Mendoza
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Williams M, Domanico J, Marques L, Leblanc N, Turkheimer E. Barriers to treatment among African Americans with obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Anxiety Disord 2012; 26:555-63. [PMID: 22410094 PMCID: PMC3361244 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
African Americans are underrepresented in OCD treatment centers and less likely to experience a remission of symptoms. This study examines the barriers that prevent African Americans with OCD from receiving treatment. Seventy-one adult African Americans with OCD were recruited and administered the modified Barriers to Treatment Participation Scale (BTPS) and the Barriers to Treatment Questionnaire (BTQ). Comparing the BTQ between a European American Internet sample (N=108) and the African American OCD sample (N=71) revealed barriers unique to African Americans, including not knowing where to find help and concerns about discrimination. A Mokken Scale Analysis of the BTPS in the African American participants identified seven major barriers, including the cost of treatment, stigma, fears of therapy, believing that the clinician will be unable to help, feeling no need for treatment, and treatment logistics (being too busy or treatment being too inconvenient). Pearson and point-biserial correlations of the scales and demographic and psychological variables were conducted. Significant relationships emerged between age, gender, income, education, insurance status, and ethnic affirmation/belonging among several of the Mokken scales. A one-way ANOVA demonstrated that concerns about cost were significantly greater for those without insurance, versus those with public or private plans. Suggestions for overcoming barriers are presented, including community education, affordable treatment options, and increasing cultural competence among mental health providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.T. Williams
- University of Louisville, Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, 2301 South Third Street, Louisville, KY 40292,
| | - J. Domanico
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychology, Philadelphia, PA, 19104,
| | - L. Marques
- Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders, Massachusetts General Hospital, 1 Bowdoin Square, Boston, MA, 02114,
| | - N.J. Leblanc
- Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders, Massachusetts General Hospital, 1 Bowdoin Square, Boston, MA, 02114,
| | - E. Turkheimer
- University of Virginia, Department of Psychology, Box 400400, Charlottesville, VA, 22904,
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Fenner Y, Garland SM, Moore EE, Jayasinghe Y, Fletcher A, Tabrizi SN, Gunasekaran B, Wark JD. Web-based recruiting for health research using a social networking site: an exploratory study. J Med Internet Res 2012; 14:e20. [PMID: 22297093 PMCID: PMC3374531 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.1978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recruitment of young people for health research by traditional methods has become more expensive and challenging over recent decades. The Internet presents an opportunity for innovative recruitment modalities. Objective To assess the feasibility of recruiting young females using targeted advertising on the social networking site Facebook. Methods We placed an advertisement on Facebook from May to September 2010, inviting 16- to 25-year-old females from Victoria, Australia, to participate in a health study. Those who clicked on the advertisement were redirected to the study website and were able to express interest by submitting their contact details online. They were contacted by a researcher who assessed eligibility and invited them to complete a health-related survey, which they could do confidentially and securely either at the study site or remotely online. Results A total of 551 females responded to the advertisement, of whom 426 agreed to participate, with 278 completing the survey (139 at the study site and 139 remotely). Respondents’ age distribution was representative of the target population, while 18- to 25-year-olds were more likely to be enrolled in the study and complete the survey than 16- to 17-year-olds (prevalence ratio = 1.37, 95% confidence interval 1.05–1.78, P = .02). The broad geographic distribution (major city, inner regional, and outer regional/remote) and socioeconomic profile of participants matched the target population. Predictors of participation were older age, higher education level, and higher body mass index. Average cost in advertising fees per compliant participant was US $20, making this highly cost effective. Conclusions Results demonstrate the potential of using modern information and communication technologies to engage young women in health research and penetrate into nonurban communities. The success of this method has implications for future medical and population research in this and other demographics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeshe Fenner
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Women's Hospital, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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