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Altmaier S, Le Harzic R, Stracke F, Speicher AM, Uhl D, Ehrlich J, Gerlach T, Schmidt K, Lemmer K, Lautenschläger F, Böse H, Neubauer JC, Zimmermann H, Meiser I. Cytoskeleton adaptation to stretchable surface relaxation improves adherent cryopreservation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Cryobiology 2024; 117:104958. [PMID: 39243925 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.104958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Adherent cell systems are usually dissociated before being cryopreserved, as standard protocols are established for cells in suspension. The application of standard procedures to more complex systems, sensitive to dissociation, such as adherent monolayers, especially comprising mature cell types or tissues remains unsatisfactory. Uncontrolled cell detachment due to intracellular tensile stress, membrane ruptures and damages of adhesion proteins are common during freezing and thawing of cell monolayers. However, many therapeutically relevant cell systems grow adherently to develop their native morphology and functionality, but lose their integrity after dissociation. The hypothesis is that cells on stretchable substrates have a more adaptable cytoskeleton and membrane, reducing cryopreservation-induced stress. Our studies investigate the influence of stretchable surfaces on the cryopreservation of adherent cells to avoid harmful dissociation and expedite post-thawing cultivation of functional cells. A stretching apparatus for defined radial stretching, consisting of silicone vessels and films with specific surface textures for cell culture, was developed. Adherent human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) were cultivated on a stretched silicone film within the vessel, forming a monolayer that was compressed by relaxation, while remaining attached to the relaxed film. Compressed hUC-MSCs, which were cryopreserved adherently showed higher viability and less detachment after thawing compared to control cells without compression. Within three to seven days post-thawing, the hUC-MSCs recovered, and the monolayer reformed. These experiments support the hypothesis that cryopreservation success of adherent cell systems is enhanced by improved adaptability of the cytoskeleton and cell membrane, opening up new approaches in cryobiotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Altmaier
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biotechnology, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Cryosensor Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66820, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Ronan Le Harzic
- Department of Cryosensor Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66820, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Frank Stracke
- Department of Cryosensor Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66820, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Anna Martina Speicher
- Department of Cryosensor Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66820, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Detlev Uhl
- Center Smart Materials and Adaptive Systems (CeSMA), Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Neunerplatz 2, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Ehrlich
- Center Smart Materials and Adaptive Systems (CeSMA), Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Neunerplatz 2, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Gerlach
- Center Smart Materials and Adaptive Systems (CeSMA), Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Neunerplatz 2, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Schmidt
- Department of Cryosensor Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66820, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Katja Lemmer
- Department of Cryosensor Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66820, Sulzbach, Germany
| | | | - Holger Böse
- Center Smart Materials and Adaptive Systems (CeSMA), Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Neunerplatz 2, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julia C Neubauer
- Department of Cryosensor Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66820, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Heiko Zimmermann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biotechnology, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Cryosensor Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66820, Sulzbach, Germany; Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, 1780000, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Ina Meiser
- Department of Cryosensor Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66820, Sulzbach, Germany.
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Wu Z, Wu D, Zhong Q, Zou X, Liu Z, Long H, Wei J, Li X, Dai F. The role of zyxin in signal transduction and its relationship with diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1371549. [PMID: 38712343 PMCID: PMC11070705 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1371549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
This review highlighted the pivotal role of zyxin, an essential cell focal adhesions protein, in cellular biology and various diseases. Zyxin can orchestrate the restructuring and dynamic alterations of the cellular cytoskeleton, which is involved in cell proliferation, adhesion, motility, and gene transcription. Aberrant zyxin expression is closely correlated with tumor cell activity and cardiac function in both tumorigenesis and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, in fibrotic and inflammatory conditions, zyxin can modulate cellular functions and inflammatory responses. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of zyxin is crucial for deciphering signal transduction networks and disease pathogenesis. Investigating its role in diseases holds promise for novel avenues in early diagnosis and therapeutic strategies. Nevertheless, targeting zyxin as a therapeutic focal point presents challenges in terms of specificity, safety, drug delivery, and resistance. Nonetheless, in-depth studies on zyxin and the application of precision medicine could offer new possibilities for personalized treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelan Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Daiqin Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qin Zhong
- Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xue Zou
- Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhongjing Liu
- Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hehua Long
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xia Li
- Guizhou Precision Medicine Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Fangjie Dai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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3
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Borkúti P, Kristó I, Szabó A, Kovács Z, Vilmos P. FERM domain-containing proteins are active components of the cell nucleus. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302489. [PMID: 38296350 PMCID: PMC10830384 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The FERM domain is a conserved and widespread protein module that appeared in the common ancestor of amoebae, fungi, and animals, and is therefore now found in a wide variety of species. The primary function of the FERM domain is localizing to the plasma membrane through binding lipids and proteins of the membrane; thus, for a long time, FERM domain-containing proteins (FDCPs) were considered exclusively cytoskeletal. Although their role in the cytoplasm has been extensively studied, the recent discovery of the presence and importance of cytoskeletal proteins in the nucleus suggests that FDCPs might also play an important role in nuclear function. In this review, we collected data on their nuclear localization, transport, and possible functions, which are still scattered throughout the literature, with special regard to the role of the FERM domain in these processes. With this, we would like to draw attention to the exciting, new dimension of the role of FDCPs, their nuclear activity, which could be an interesting novel direction for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anikó Szabó
- HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kovács
- HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Multidisciplinary Medical Science, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Vilmos
- HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
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4
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Mierke CT. Editorial: In celebration of women in cell adhesion and migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1348958. [PMID: 38146493 PMCID: PMC10749420 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1348958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Systems Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Biological Physics Division, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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5
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Cammarata LV, Uhler C, Shivashankar GV. Adhesome Receptor Clustering is Accompanied by the Colocalization of the Associated Genes in the Cell Nucleus. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.07.570697. [PMID: 38106037 PMCID: PMC10723460 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.07.570697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Proteins on the cell membrane cluster to respond to extracellular signals; for example, adhesion proteins cluster to enhance extracellular matrix sensing; or T-cell receptors cluster to enhance antigen sensing. Importantly, the maturation of such receptor clusters requires transcriptional control to adapt and reinforce the extracellular signal sensing. However, it has been unclear how such efficient clustering mechanisms are encoded at the level of the genes that code for these receptor proteins. Using the adhesome as an example, we show that genes that code for adhesome receptor proteins are spatially co-localized and co-regulated within the cell nucleus. Towards this, we use Hi-C maps combined with RNA-seq data of adherent cells to map the correspondence between adhesome receptor proteins and their associated genes. Interestingly, we find that the transcription factors that regulate these genes are also co-localized with the adhesome gene loci, thereby potentially facilitating a transcriptional reinforcement of the extracellular matrix sensing machinery. Collectively, our results highlight an important layer of transcriptional control of cellular signal sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis V. Cammarata
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Eric and Wendy Schmidt Center, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Caroline Uhler
- Eric and Wendy Schmidt Center, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - G. V. Shivashankar
- Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich; Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institute; Villigen, Switzerland
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6
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Cho UH, Hetzer MW. Caspase-mediated nuclear pore complex trimming in cell differentiation and endoplasmic reticulum stress. eLife 2023; 12:RP89066. [PMID: 37665327 PMCID: PMC10476967 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During apoptosis, caspases degrade 8 out of ~30 nucleoporins to irreversibly demolish the nuclear pore complex. However, for poorly understood reasons, caspases are also activated during cell differentiation. Here, we show that sublethal activation of caspases during myogenesis results in the transient proteolysis of four peripheral Nups and one transmembrane Nup. 'Trimmed' NPCs become nuclear export-defective, and we identified in an unbiased manner several classes of cytoplasmic, plasma membrane, and mitochondrial proteins that rapidly accumulate in the nucleus. NPC trimming by non-apoptotic caspases was also observed in neurogenesis and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Our results suggest that caspases can reversibly modulate nuclear transport activity, which allows them to function as agents of cell differentiation and adaptation at sublethal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ukrae H Cho
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Martin W Hetzer
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria)KlosterneuburgAustria
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7
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Tang H, Liu S, Luo X, Sun Y, Li X, Luo K, Liao S, Li F, Liang J, Zhan X, Wei Q, Liu Y, He M. A novel molecular signature for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response in osteosarcoma based on tumor-infiltrating cell marker genes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1150588. [PMID: 37090691 PMCID: PMC10117669 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1150588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundTumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), the main component in the tumor microenvironment, play a critical role in the antitumor immune response. Few studies have developed a prognostic model based on TILs in osteosarcoma.MethodsScRNA-seq data was obtained from our previous research and bulk RNA transcriptome data was from TARGET database. WGCNA was used to obtain the immune-related gene modules. Subsequently, we applied LASSO regression analysis and SVM algorithm to construct a prognostic model based on TILs marker genes. What’s more, the prognostic model was verified by external datasets and experiment in vitro. ResultsEleven cell clusters and 2044 TILs marker genes were identified. WGCNA results showed that 545 TILs marker genes were the most strongly related with immune. Subsequently, a risk model including 5 genes was developed. We found that the survival rate was higher in the low-risk group and the risk model could be used as an independent prognostic factor. Meanwhile, high-risk patients had a lower abundance of immune cell infiltration and many immune checkpoint genes were highly expressed in the low-risk group. The prognostic model was also demonstrated to be a good predictive capacity in external datasets. The result of RT-qPCR indicated that these 5 genes have differential expression which accorded with the predicting outcomes.ConclusionsThis study developed a new molecular signature based on TILs marker genes, which is very effective in predicting OS prognosis and immunotherapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Tang
- Department of Spine and Osteopathic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shangyu Liu
- Department of Spine and Osteopathic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoting Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Spine and Osteopathic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiangde Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Kai Luo
- Department of Spine and Osteopathic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shijie Liao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Feicui Li
- Department of Spine and Osteopathic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiming Liang
- Department of Spine and Osteopathic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xinli Zhan
- Department of Spine and Osteopathic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qingjun Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Spine and Osteopathic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Maolin He, ; Yun Liu,
| | - Maolin He
- Department of Spine and Osteopathic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Maolin He, ; Yun Liu,
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8
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Li Mow Chee F, Beernaert B, Griffith BGC, Loftus AEP, Kumar Y, Wills JC, Lee M, Valli J, Wheeler AP, Armstrong JD, Parsons M, Leigh IM, Proby CM, von Kriegsheim A, Bickmore WA, Frame MC, Byron A. Mena regulates nesprin-2 to control actin-nuclear lamina associations, trans-nuclear membrane signalling and gene expression. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1602. [PMID: 36959177 PMCID: PMC10036544 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix, mediated by integrin adhesion complexes, play key roles in fundamental cellular processes, including the sensing and transduction of mechanical cues. Here, we investigate systems-level changes in the integrin adhesome in patient-derived cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cells and identify the actin regulatory protein Mena as a key node in the adhesion complex network. Mena is connected within a subnetwork of actin-binding proteins to the LINC complex component nesprin-2, with which it interacts and co-localises at the nuclear envelope. Moreover, Mena potentiates the interactions of nesprin-2 with the actin cytoskeleton and the nuclear lamina. CRISPR-mediated Mena depletion causes altered nuclear morphology, reduces tyrosine phosphorylation of the nuclear membrane protein emerin and downregulates expression of the immunomodulatory gene PTX3 via the recruitment of its enhancer to the nuclear periphery. We uncover an unexpected role for Mena at the nuclear membrane, where it controls nuclear architecture, chromatin repositioning and gene expression. Our findings identify an adhesion protein that regulates gene transcription via direct signalling across the nuclear envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Li Mow Chee
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Bruno Beernaert
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
- Department of Oncology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Billie G C Griffith
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Alexander E P Loftus
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Yatendra Kumar
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Jimi C Wills
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Martin Lee
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Jessica Valli
- Edinburgh Super Resolution Imaging Consortium, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Ann P Wheeler
- Advanced Imaging Resource, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - J Douglas Armstrong
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9LE, UK
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Irene M Leigh
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Charlotte M Proby
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Alex von Kriegsheim
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Wendy A Bickmore
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Margaret C Frame
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Adam Byron
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK.
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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9
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Wang YX, Huang CY, Chiu HJ, Huang PH, Chien HT, Jwo SH, Liao YC. Nuclear-localized CTEN is a novel transcriptional regulator and promotes cancer cell migration through its downstream target CDC27. J Physiol Biochem 2023; 79:163-174. [PMID: 36399312 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-022-00932-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
C-terminal tensin-like (CTEN) is a tensin family protein typically localized to the cytoplasmic side of focal adhesions, and primarily contributes to cell adhesion and migration. Elevated expression and nuclear accumulation of CTEN have been reported in several types of cancers and found to be associated with malignant behaviors. However, the function of nuclear CTEN remains elusive. In this study, we report for the first time that nuclear CTEN associates with chromatin DNA and occupies the region proximal to the transcription start site in several genes. The mRNA expression level of CTEN positively correlates with that of one of its putative target genes, cell division cycle protein 27 (CDC27), in a clinical colorectal cancer dataset, suggesting that CTEN may play a role in the regulation of CDC27 gene expression. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CTEN is recruited to the promoter region of the CDC27 gene and that the mRNA expression and promoter activity of CDC27 are both reduced when CTEN is downregulated. In addition, we found that enhanced nuclear accumulation of CTEN in HCT116 cells by overexpression of CTEN fused with nuclear localization signals increases CDC27 transcript levels and promoter activity. The increased nuclear-localized CTEN also significantly promotes cell migration, and the migratory ability is suppressed when CDC27 is knocked down. These results demonstrate that nuclear CTEN regulates CDC27 expression transcriptionally and promotes cell migration through CDC27. Our findings provide new insights into CTEN moonlighting in the nucleus as a DNA-associated protein and transcriptional regulator involved in modulating cancer cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xuan Wang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yang Huang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ju Chiu
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Po-Han Huang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ting Chien
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Si-Han Jwo
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Liao
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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10
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Haage A, Dhasarathy A. Working a second job: Cell adhesion proteins that moonlight in the nucleus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1163553. [PMID: 37169022 PMCID: PMC10164977 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1163553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells are adept at sensing changes in their environment, transmitting signals internally to coordinate responses to external stimuli, and thereby influencing adaptive changes in cell states and behavior. Often, this response involves modulation of gene expression in the nucleus, which is seen largely as a physically separated process from the rest of the cell. Mechanosensing, whereby a cell senses physical stimuli, and integrates and converts these inputs into downstream responses including signaling cascades and gene regulatory changes, involves the participation of several macromolecular structures. Of note, the extracellular matrix (ECM) and its constituent macromolecules comprise an essential part of the cellular microenvironment, allowing cells to interact with each other, and providing both structural and biochemical stimuli sensed by adhesion transmembrane receptors. This highway of information between the ECM, cell adhesion proteins, and the cytoskeleton regulates cellular behavior, the disruption of which results in disease. Emerging evidence suggests a more direct role for some of these adhesion proteins in chromatin structure and gene regulation, RNA maturation and other non-canonical functions. While many of these discoveries were previously limited to observations of cytoplasmic-nuclear transport, recent advances in microscopy, and biochemical, proteomic and genomic technologies have begun to significantly enhance our understanding of the impact of nuclear localization of these proteins. This review will briefly cover known cell adhesion proteins that migrate to the nucleus, and their downstream functions. We will outline recent advances in this very exciting yet still emerging field, with impact ranging from basic biology to disease states like cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Haage
- *Correspondence: Amanda Haage, ; Archana Dhasarathy,
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11
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Martynova NY, Parshina EA, Zaraisky AG. Cytoskeletal protein Zyxin in embryonic development: from controlling cell movements and pluripotency to regulating embryonic patterning. FEBS J 2023; 290:66-72. [PMID: 34854244 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The Lim-domain protein Zyxin was initially identified as a minor actin cytoskeleton protein that regulates the assembly and repair of actin filaments. At the same time, additional functions revealed for Zyxin in recent decades indicate that this protein can also play an important role in regulating gene expression and cell differentiation. In this review, we analysed the data in the literature pointing to Zyxin as one of the possible molecular hubs linking morphogenetic cell movements with gene expression, stem cell status regulation and pattern formation during the most complex processes in organism life, embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Y Martynova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena A Parshina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey G Zaraisky
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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12
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Padmanabhan RA, Zyju DP, Subramaniam AG, Nautiyal J, Laloraya M. Son of sevenless 1 (SOS1), the RasGEF, interacts with ERα and STAT3 during embryo implantation. J Mol Endocrinol 2023; 70:e220089. [PMID: 36103132 DOI: 10.1530/jme-22-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen accounts for several biological processes in the body; embryo implantation and pregnancy being one of the vital events. This manuscript aims to unearth the nuclear role of Son of sevenless1 (SOS1), its interaction with estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in the uterine nucleus during embryo implantation. SOS1, a critical cytoplasmic linker between receptor tyrosine kinase and rat sarcoma virus signaling, translocates into the nucleus via its bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) during the 'window of implantation' in pregnant mice. SOS1 associates with chromatin, interacts with histones, and shows intrinsic histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity specifically acetylating lysine 16 (K16) residue of histone H4. SOS1 is a coactivator of STAT3 and a co-repressor of ERα. SOS1 creates a partial mesenchymal-epithelial transition by acting as a transcriptional modulator. Finally, our phylogenetic tree reveals that the two bipartite NLS surface in reptiles and the second acetyl coenzymeA (CoA) (RDNGPG) important for HAT activity emerges in mammals. Thus, SOS1 has evolved into a moonlighting protein, the special class of multi-tasking proteins, by virtue of its newly identified nuclear functions in addition to its previously known cytoplasmic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjini A Padmanabhan
- Female Reproduction and Metabolic Syndromes Laboratory, Division of Molecular Reproduction, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Damodaranpillai P Zyju
- Female Reproduction and Metabolic Syndromes Laboratory, Division of Molecular Reproduction, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Anand G Subramaniam
- Female Reproduction and Metabolic Syndromes Laboratory, Division of Molecular Reproduction, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Jaya Nautiyal
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Malini Laloraya
- Female Reproduction and Metabolic Syndromes Laboratory, Division of Molecular Reproduction, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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13
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Byron A, Griffith BGC, Herrero A, Loftus AEP, Koeleman ES, Kogerman L, Dawson JC, McGivern N, Culley J, Grimes GR, Serrels B, von Kriegsheim A, Brunton VG, Frame MC. Characterisation of a nucleo-adhesome. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3053. [PMID: 35650196 PMCID: PMC9160004 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30556-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to central functions in cell adhesion signalling, integrin-associated proteins have wider roles at sites distal to adhesion receptors. In experimentally defined adhesomes, we noticed that there is clear enrichment of proteins that localise to the nucleus, and conversely, we now report that nuclear proteomes contain a class of adhesome components that localise to the nucleus. We here define a nucleo-adhesome, providing experimental evidence for a remarkable scale of nuclear localisation of adhesion proteins, establishing a framework for interrogating nuclear adhesion protein functions. Adding to nuclear FAK's known roles in regulating transcription, we now show that nuclear FAK regulates expression of many adhesion-related proteins that localise to the nucleus and that nuclear FAK binds to the adhesome component and nuclear protein Hic-5. FAK and Hic-5 work together in the nucleus, co-regulating a subset of genes transcriptionally. We demonstrate the principle that there are subcomplexes of nuclear adhesion proteins that cooperate to control transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Byron
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK.
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Billie G C Griffith
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Ana Herrero
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Cantabria, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Alexander E P Loftus
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Emma S Koeleman
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
- Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Division of Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Bioquant, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Linda Kogerman
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - John C Dawson
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Niamh McGivern
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
- Almac Diagnostic Services, 19 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon, BT63 5QD, UK
| | - Jayne Culley
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Graeme R Grimes
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Bryan Serrels
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
- NanoString Technologies, Inc., Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Alex von Kriegsheim
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Valerie G Brunton
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Margaret C Frame
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
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14
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Zhao Y, Yue S, Zhou X, Guo J, Ma S, Chen Q. O-GlcNAc transferase promotes the nuclear localization of the focal adhesion-associated protein Zyxin to regulate UV-induced cell death. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101776. [PMID: 35227760 PMCID: PMC8988012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Zyxin is a zinc-binding phosphoprotein known to regulate cell migration, adhesion, and cell survival. Zyxin also plays a role in signal transduction between focal adhesions and the nuclear compartment. However, the mechanism of Zyxin shuttling to nucleus is still unclear. Here, we identify that the GlcNAc transferase (O-linked GlcNAc [O-GlcNAc] transferase) can O-GlcNAcylate Zyxin and regulate its nuclear localization. We show that O-GlcNAc transferase O-GlcNAcylates Zyxin at two residues, serine 169 (Ser-169) and Ser-246. In addition, O-GlcNAcylation of Ser-169, but not Ser-246, enhances its interaction with 14-3-3γ, which is a phosphoserine/threonine-binding protein and is reported to bind with phosphorylated Zyxin. Furthermore, we found that 14-3-3γ could promote the nuclear localization of Zyxin after Ser-169 O-GlcNAcylation by affecting the function of the N-terminal nuclear export signal sequence; functionally, UV treatment increases the O-GlcNAcylation of Zyxin, which may enhance the nuclear location of Zyxin. Finally, Zyxin in the nucleus maintains homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 stability and promotes UV-induced cell death. In conclusion, we uncover that the nuclear localization of Zyxin can be regulated by its O-GlcNAcylation, and that this protein may regulate UV-induced cell death.
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15
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Norizadeh Abbariki T, Gonda Z, Kemler D, Urbanek P, Wagner T, Litfin M, Wang ZQ, Herrlich P, Kassel O. The LIM domain protein nTRIP6 modulates the dynamics of myogenic differentiation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12904. [PMID: 34145356 PMCID: PMC8213751 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92331-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of myogenesis which operates during skeletal muscle regeneration involves the activation of muscle stem cells, the so-called satellite cells. These then give rise to proliferating progenitors, the myoblasts which subsequently exit the cell cycle and differentiate into committed precursors, the myocytes. Ultimately, the fusion of myocytes leads to myofiber formation. Here we reveal a role for the transcriptional co-regulator nTRIP6, the nuclear isoform of the LIM-domain protein TRIP6, in the temporal control of myogenesis. In an in vitro model of myogenesis, the expression of nTRIP6 is transiently up-regulated at the transition between proliferation and differentiation, whereas that of the cytosolic isoform TRIP6 is not altered. Selectively blocking nTRIP6 function results in accelerated early differentiation followed by deregulated late differentiation and fusion. Thus, the transient increase in nTRIP6 expression appears to prevent premature differentiation. Accordingly, knocking out the Trip6 gene in satellite cells leads to deregulated skeletal muscle regeneration dynamics in the mouse. Thus, dynamic changes in nTRIP6 expression contributes to the temporal control of myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tannaz Norizadeh Abbariki
- Institute for Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Zita Gonda
- Institute for Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Denise Kemler
- Institute for Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Pavel Urbanek
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research (Fritz Lipmann Institute, FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Tabea Wagner
- Institute for Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Margarethe Litfin
- Institute for Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research (Fritz Lipmann Institute, FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Herrlich
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research (Fritz Lipmann Institute, FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Olivier Kassel
- Institute for Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.
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16
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Xu L, Zhou X, Wang P, Jin Q, Zhu T, Chen M, Xu H. The novel six LIM and one PET domain-containing protein Lmpt is involved in the immune response through activation of the NF-κB signalling pathway in the crustacean, Macrobrachium nipponense. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 116:103948. [PMID: 33253750 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The four-and-a-half LIM-only protein family of transcription co-factors participates in various cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, apoptosis, cell adhesion, migration, transcription and signal transduction. However, the knowledge of the structural characteristics and immune functions of its ancestor Lmpt, which contains six LIM domains at the C-terminus and a PET domain at the N-terminus, is limited in invertebrates, especially in crustaceans. In the present study, a novel Lmpt from oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense) was identified, and its role in the immune response was investigated. Its full-length cDNA sequence was 6407 bp, which contained a 2595 bp ORF encoding 865 amino acids, exhibiting high similarity to the structure of Lmpt derived from other invertebrates. Tissue distribution analysis revealed that MnLmpt was widely expressed in all examined tissues, and high expression levels were observed in muscle, heart and intestine in M. nipponense. After experimental challenges with bacteria and virus, the transcription levels of MnLmpt significantly fluctuated in gill and hepatopancreas, indicating that it might play a role in the innate immune response in M. nipponense. Silencing of MnLmpt by dsRNA injection in vivo could promote bacterial growth, suggesting that MnLmpt exerted an antibacterial immune function in prawn. Immunocytochemistry assay results demonstrated that MnLmpt was able to translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus after being stimulated with pathogens. The expression levels of NF-κB signalling cascade members, such as dorsal, relish, TAK1, TAB1, Ikkβ, and Ikkε, and AMPs, including ALF4, Cru1, and Cru2, exhibited significant downregulation in the MnLmpt silenced group. Similarly, dual-luciferase reporter assays also demonstrated that MnLmpt could stimulate an NF-κB signalling cascade. Meanwhile, all of the LIM domains of MnLmpt could trigger NF-κB signalling; however, their cumulative effect on NF-κB promoter activation was hardly observed. These results showed that MnLmpt might play a crucial role in the innate immune response in M. nipponense, and these findings paved the way for a better understanding of the immune system in crustacean species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liaoyi Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiefei Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Peichen Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qian Jin
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tingyao Zhu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ming Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haisheng Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China.
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17
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Zhang J, Zhang X, Wang C, Li F, Qiao Z, Zeng L, Wang Z, Liu H, Ding J, Yang H. Conductive Composite Fiber with Optimized Alignment Guides Neural Regeneration under Electrical Stimulation. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2000604. [PMID: 33300246 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Conductivity and alignment of scaffolds are two primary factors influencing the efficacy of nerve repair. Herein, conductive composite fibers composed of poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with different orientation degrees are prepared by electrospinning at various rotational speeds (0, 500, 1000, and 2000 rpm), and meanwhile the synergistic promotion mechanism of aligned topography and electrical stimulation on neural regeneration is fully demonstrated. Under an optimized rotational speed of 1000 rpm, the electrospun PCL fiber exhibits orientated structure at macroscopic (mean deviation angle = 2.78°) or microscopic crystal scale (orientation degree = 0.73), decreased contact angle of 99.2° ± 4.9°, and sufficient tensile strength in both perpendicular and parallel directions to fiber axis (1.13 ± 0.15 and 5.06 ± 0.98 MPa). CNTs are introduced into the aligned fiber for further improving conductivity (15.69-178.63 S m-1 ), which is beneficial to the oriented growth of neural cells in vitro as well as the regeneration of injured sciatic nerves in vivo. On the basis of robust cell induction behavior, optimum sciatic nerve function index, and enhanced remyelination/axonal regeneration, such conductive PCL/CNTs composite fiber with optimized fiber alignment may serve as instructive candidates for promoting the scaffold- and cell-based strategies for neural repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering Fuzhou University 2 Xueyuan Road Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 5625 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics The Second Hospital of Jilin University 218 Ziqiang Street Changchun 130041 P. R. China
| | - Feihan Li
- College of Chemical Engineering Fuzhou University 2 Xueyuan Road Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Ziwen Qiao
- College of Chemical Engineering Fuzhou University 2 Xueyuan Road Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Liangdan Zeng
- College of Chemical Engineering Fuzhou University 2 Xueyuan Road Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Zhonghan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics The Second Hospital of Jilin University 218 Ziqiang Street Changchun 130041 P. R. China
| | - He Liu
- Department of Orthopedics The Second Hospital of Jilin University 218 Ziqiang Street Changchun 130041 P. R. China
| | - Jianxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 5625 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Huanghao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University 2 Xueyuan Road Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
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18
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Manipulation of Focal Adhesion Signaling by Pathogenic Microbes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031358. [PMID: 33572997 PMCID: PMC7866387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) serve as dynamic signaling hubs within the cell. They connect intracellular actin to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and respond to environmental cues. In doing so, these structures facilitate important processes such as cell-ECM adhesion and migration. Pathogenic microbes often modify the host cell actin cytoskeleton in their pursuit of an ideal replicative niche or during invasion to facilitate uptake. As actin-interfacing structures, FA dynamics are also intimately tied to actin cytoskeletal organization. Indeed, exploitation of FAs is another avenue by which pathogenic microbes ensure their uptake, survival and dissemination. This is often achieved through the secretion of effector proteins which target specific protein components within the FA. Molecular mimicry of the leucine-aspartic acid (LD) motif or vinculin-binding domains (VBDs) commonly found within FA proteins is a common microbial strategy. Other effectors may induce post-translational modifications to FA proteins through the regulation of phosphorylation sites or proteolytic cleavage. In this review, we present an overview of the regulatory mechanisms governing host cell FAs, and provide examples of how pathogenic microbes have evolved to co-opt them to their own advantage. Recent technological advances pose exciting opportunities for delving deeper into the mechanistic details by which pathogenic microbes modify FAs.
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19
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Guihurt Santiago J, Burgos-Tirado N, Lafontaine DD, Mendoza Sierra JC, Camacho RH, Vecchini Rodríguez CM, Morales-Tirado V, Flores-Otero J. Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor, ELTD1, is a potential therapeutic target for retinoblastoma migration and invasion. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:53. [PMID: 33430814 PMCID: PMC7802354 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07768-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prognosis for pediatric metastatic Retinoblastoma (Rb) is poor and current therapies are limited by high systemic toxicity rates and insufficient therapeutic efficacy for metastatic Rb. Tumor dissemination to the brain is promoted by the heterogeneous adhesive and invasive properties of Rb cells within the tumor. In this study we evaluate, for the first time, the expression, and roles of the ELTD1 and GPR125 adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in Rb cell migration, viability and invasion. METHODS We characterized the RNA expression of adhesion-GPCRs in 64 Rb tumors compared to 11 fetal retinas using the database from the Childhood Solid Tumor Network from St Jude Children's Research Hospital. The role of ELTD1 and GPR125 in Rb were investigated ex vivo by microarray analysis, in vitro by cell viability, Western blot and migration assays, in addition to imaging of the subcellular localization of the GPCRs. To elucidate their role in vivo we utilized siRNA technology in an established Rb orthotopic xenograft murine model. RESULTS Our investigation demonstrates, for the first time, that ELTD1 but not GPR125, is significantly increased in Rb tumors compared to fetal retinas. We utilized established the Rb cell lines Y79 and Weri-Rb-1, which represent an aggressive, metastatic, and non-metastatic phenotype, respectively, for the in vitro analyses. The studies demonstrated that ELTD1 is enriched in Weri-Rb-1 cells, while GPR125 is enriched in Y79 cells. The measured differences extended to their subcellular localization as ELTD1 labeling displayed punctate clusters in cell-to-cell adhesion sites of Weri-Rb-1 cells, while GPR125 displayed a polarized distribution in Y79 cells. Lastly, we demonstrated the lack of both adhesion receptors does not affect Rb cell viability, yet inhibition of ELTD1 decreases Y79 cell migration in vitro and invasion in vivo. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data suggest that ELTD1, is a potential target to prevent extraocular Rb. The results within establish ELTD1 as a potential therapeutic target for metastatic Rb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Guihurt Santiago
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
- Present address: Debusk College of Osteopathic Medicine at Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN USA
| | - Neikelyn Burgos-Tirado
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
- Present address: Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Daniella Dorta Lafontaine
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
- Present address: Central University of the Caribbean of Puerto Rico, Bayamon, Puerto Rico
| | - José C. Mendoza Sierra
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
- University of Medicine and Health Sciences, New York, USA
| | - Roberto Herrera Camacho
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Current affiliation: Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Clara M. Vecchini Rodríguez
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, PO Box 365067, San Juan, 00936-5067 Puerto Rico
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Vanessa Morales-Tirado
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN USA
- Present address: AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Jacqueline Flores-Otero
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, PO Box 365067, San Juan, 00936-5067 Puerto Rico
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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20
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Abstract
Cell-surface adhesion receptors mediate interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) to control many fundamental aspects of cell behavior, including cell migration, survival, and proliferation. Integrin adhesion receptors recruit structural and signaling proteins to form multimolecular adhesion complexes that link the plasma membrane to the actomyosin cytoskeleton. The assembly and turnover of adhesion complexes are tightly regulated, governed in part by the networks of physical protein interactions and functional signaling associations between components of the adhesome. Proteomic profiling of adhesion complexes has begun to reveal their molecular complexity and diversity. To interrogate the composition of cell-ECM adhesions, we detail herein an approach for the network analysis of adhesion complex proteomes. Integration of these proteomic data with adhesome databases in the context of predicted protein interactions enables the mapping of experimentally defined adhesion complex networks. Computational analysis of resultant network models can identify subnetworks of putative functionally linked adhesion protein communities. This approach provides a framework to predict functional adhesion protein relationships and generate new mechanistic hypotheses for further experimental testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Li Mow Chee
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adam Byron
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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21
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Sabino F, Madzharova E, Auf dem Keller U. Cell density-dependent proteolysis by HtrA1 induces translocation of zyxin to the nucleus and increased cell survival. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:674. [PMID: 32826880 PMCID: PMC7442833 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02883-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Proteases modulate critical processes in cutaneous tissue repair to orchestrate inflammation, cell proliferation and tissue remodeling. However, the functional consequences and implications in healing impairments of most cleavage events are not understood. Using iTRAQ-based Terminal Amine Isotopic Labeling of Substrates (TAILS) we had characterized proteolytic signatures in a porcine wound healing model and identified two neo-N termini derived from proteolytic cleavage of the focal adhesion protein and mechanotransducer zyxin. Here, we assign these proteolytic events to the activity of either caspase-1 or serine protease HtrA1 and analyze the biological relevance of the resultant zyxin truncations. By cellular expression of full-length and truncated zyxin proteins, we demonstrate nuclear translocation of a C-terminal zyxin fragment that could also be generated in vitro by HtrA1 cleavage and provide evidence for its anti-apoptotic activities, potentially by regulating the expression of modulators of cell proliferation, protein synthesis and genome stability. Targeted degradomics correlated endogenous generation of the same zyxin fragment with increased cell density in human primary dermal fibroblasts. Hence, this newly identified HtrA1-zyxin protease signaling axis might present a novel mechanism to transiently enhance cell survival in environments of increased cell density like in wound granulation tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Sabino
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Søltofts Plads, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- ETH Zurich, Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elizabeta Madzharova
- ETH Zurich, Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Auf dem Keller
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Søltofts Plads, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
- ETH Zurich, Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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22
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Belgardt E, Steinberg T, Husari A, Dieterle MP, Hülter-Hassler D, Jung B, Tomakidi P. Force-responsive Zyxin modulation in periodontal ligament cells is regulated by YAP rather than TAZ. Cell Signal 2020; 72:109662. [PMID: 32330602 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In the context of mechanically induced force transmission, the modification of the actin cytoskeleton through involvement of zyxin is an established concept. However, in cells of the periodontal ligament (PDL), which is physiologically subjected to intermittent mechanical forces, the force-responsive modulation of zyxin and the molecular key players, which orchestrate its cellular regulation, have not yet been elucidated. By employing indirect immunofluorescence and western blotting with different subcellular fractions, we show here in stretch force-exposed human PDL fibroblasts (hPDLFs) that (i) the zyxin protein is modulated, and (ii) its subcellular localization is altered. More importantly, using a pharmacological intervention approach, to inhibit the nuclear presence of the co-transcriptional activator yes-associated protein (YAP), we evidence for the first time that on the molecular level, the cellular abundance of zyxin, among the Thyrotrophic Embryonic Factor (TEF)-binding proteins, is regulated by YAP rather than TAZ. Our findings provide novel insights into the topic how cells of the periodontium and the periodontal ligament in particular respond and may adapt to mechanical forces, and first time identify YAP as the key player of the intracellular regulation of the mechano-sensor and mechano-transducer zyxin in hPDLFs. Moreover, the findings broaden the current knowledge on YAP, since so far, currently only very few YAP-regulated genes have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Belgardt
- Department of Orthodontics, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Thorsten Steinberg
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Ayman Husari
- Department of Orthodontics, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 101, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Martin Philipp Dieterle
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Diana Hülter-Hassler
- Department of Orthodontics, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Britta Jung
- Department of Orthodontics, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Pascal Tomakidi
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
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Wang F, Zhang B, Xu X, Zhu L, Zhu X. TRIP6 promotes tumorigenic capability through regulating FOXC1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:152850. [PMID: 32046874 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.152850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive malignant tumor with poor prognosis that is characterized by high rates of postoperative recurrence and mortality. Understanding the molecular mechanism of this malignancy is of great significance for the development of new and effective strategies for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Thyroid hormone receptor-interacting protein 6 (TRIP6), also known as zyxin-related protein-1 or ZRP-1, is an adaptor protein that belongs to the zyxin family of LIM proteins. Recent studies showed that TRIP6 is involved in carcinogenesis. But the functional role of TRIP6 in HCC has not been reported to date. METHODS TRIP6 expression level in HCC cell lines and normal cell line was measured by qPCR. The roles of TRIP6 on HCC cell proliferation, colony formation, and invasion were examined by MTT assay, colony formation assay, and transwell invasion assay, respectively. The effect of TRIP6 on the overall survival of HCC patients was further analyzed. ChIP assay and western blot were performed to validate whether FOXC1 was involved in the regulation of TRIP6 expression. RESULTS Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses showed that TRIP6 expression was up-regulated in HCC tissues compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that upregulation of TRIP6 was dramatically associated with poor overall survival. TRIP6 knockdown significantly inhibited cell migration, invasion, and proliferation, and its effect on cell proliferation was mediated by the modulation of cell cycle progression. FOXC1 also played a vital role in TRIP6 regulation. TRIP6 mediated the FOXC1-regulated proliferation, invasion, and migration in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that TRIP6 may contribute to the invasiveness and metastasis of HCC cells, and provide new insight into the crucial role of TRIP6 in tumorigenesis and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiran Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yanchen, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lirong Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaochao Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Suqian First People's Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu, China.
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Leiphart RJ, Chen D, Peredo AP, Loneker AE, Janmey PA. Mechanosensing at Cellular Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:7509-7519. [PMID: 30346180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
At the plasma membrane interface, cells use various adhesions to sense their extracellular environment. These adhesions facilitate the transmission of mechanical signals that dictate cell behavior. This review discusses the mechanisms by which these mechanical signals are transduced through cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesions and how this mechanotransduction influences cell processes. Cell-matrix adhesions require the activation of and communication between various transmembrane protein complexes such as integrins. These links at the plasma membrane affect how a cell senses and responds to its matrix environment. Cells also communicate with each other through cell-cell adhesions, which further regulate cell behavior on a single- and multicellular scale. Coordination and competition between cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions in multicellular aggregates can, to a significant extent, be modeled by differential adhesion analyses between the different interfaces even without knowing the details of cellular signaling. In addition, cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesions are connected by an intracellular cytoskeletal network that allows for direct communication between these distinct adhesions and activation of specific signaling pathways. Other membrane-embedded protein complexes, such as growth factor receptors and ion channels, play additional roles in mechanotransduction. Overall, these mechanoactive elements show the dynamic interplay between the cell, its matrix, and neighboring cells and how these relationships affect cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Leiphart
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Pennsylvania , 210 S 33rd St , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
- McKay Orthopedic Research Laboratory , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , United States
| | - Dongning Chen
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Pennsylvania , 210 S 33rd St , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , United States
| | - Ana P Peredo
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Pennsylvania , 210 S 33rd St , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
- McKay Orthopedic Research Laboratory , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , United States
| | - Abigail E Loneker
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Pennsylvania , 210 S 33rd St , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , United States
| | - Paul A Janmey
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Pennsylvania , 210 S 33rd St , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, Department of Physiology , University of Pennsylvania , 3340 Smith Walk , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , United States
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25
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Schoenherr C, Frame MC, Byron A. Trafficking of Adhesion and Growth Factor Receptors and Their Effector Kinases. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2018; 34:29-58. [PMID: 30110558 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100617-062559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion to macromolecules in the microenvironment is essential for the development and maintenance of tissues, and its dysregulation can lead to a range of disease states, including inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer. The biomechanical and biochemical mechanisms that mediate cell adhesion rely on signaling by a range of effector proteins, including kinases and associated scaffolding proteins. The intracellular trafficking of these must be tightly controlled in space and time to enable effective cell adhesion and microenvironmental sensing and to integrate cell adhesion with, and compartmentalize it from, other cellular processes, such as gene transcription, protein degradation, and cell division. Delivery of adhesion receptors and signaling proteins from the plasma membrane to unanticipated subcellular locales is revealing novel biological functions. Here, we review the expected and unexpected trafficking, and sites of activity, of adhesion and growth factor receptors and intracellular kinase partners as we begin to appreciate the complexity and diversity of their spatial regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schoenherr
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom;
| | - Margaret C Frame
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom;
| | - Adam Byron
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom;
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26
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Kotb A, Hyndman ME, Patel TR. The role of zyxin in regulation of malignancies. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00695. [PMID: 30094365 PMCID: PMC6072900 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions are highly dynamic multi-protein complexes found at the cell surface and effectively link the cell's internal cytoskeleton to a complex mixture of macromolecules known as the extracellular matrix and mediate transmission of signals from the extracellular matrix to the nucleus. Zyxin is one of the key focal adhesion proteins and is also found to shuttle in the nucleus. Although the mechanism of shuttling to the nucleus unclear, it moves out from the nucleus through a leucine-rich nuclear export signal sequence. It is known to contribute to fundamental cellular activities such as cell migration, adhesion and proliferation by interacting with a variety of cellular proteins. It is also linked with a number of cancers such as melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, oral squamous-cell carcinoma, Ewing sarcoma and prostate cancer. However, in many cases, the precise mechanisms by which the absence or presence of zyxin contributes to cancer progression or suppression is unknown. Thus, more work is required to gain insights into how zyxin modulates cellular functions in relationship to cancer. This review summarises the role of zyxin in cancer, with an emphasis on conflicting roles in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kotb
- Department of Urology, Southern Alberta Institute of Urology, 7007 14 St SW, Calgary, T2V 1P9, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthew Eric Hyndman
- Department of Urology, Southern Alberta Institute of Urology, 7007 14 St SW, Calgary, T2V 1P9, Alberta, Canada
| | - Trushar R Patel
- Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, T1K 3M4, Alberta, Canada.,DiscoveryLab, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H7, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Alberta, Canada
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27
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LIM Protein Ajuba associates with the RPA complex through direct cell cycle-dependent interaction with the RPA70 subunit. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9536. [PMID: 29934626 PMCID: PMC6015067 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27919-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage response pathways are essential for genome stability and cell survival. Specifically, the ATR kinase is activated by DNA replication stress. An early event in this activation is the recruitment and phosphorylation of RPA, a single stranded DNA binding complex composed of three subunits, RPA70, RPA32 and RPA14. We have previously shown that the LIM protein Ajuba associates with RPA, and that depletion of Ajuba leads to potent activation of ATR. In this study, we provide evidence that the Ajuba-RPA interaction occurs through direct protein contact with RPA70, and that their association is cell cycle-regulated and is reduced upon DNA replication stress. We propose a model in which Ajuba negatively regulates the ATR pathway by directly interacting with RPA70, thereby preventing inappropriate ATR activation. Our results provide a framework to further our understanding of the mechanism of ATR regulation in human cells in the context of cellular transformation.
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28
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El-Kashef N, Gomes I, Mercer-Chalmers-Bender K, Schneider PM, Rothschild MA, Juebner M. Comparative proteome analysis for identification of differentially abundant proteins in SIDS. Int J Legal Med 2017; 131:1597-1613. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-017-1632-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Hamidi H, Pietilä M, Ivaska J. The complexity of integrins in cancer and new scopes for therapeutic targeting. Br J Cancer 2016; 115:1017-1023. [PMID: 27685444 PMCID: PMC5117799 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease and progresses within a dynamically evolving extracellular matrix that controls virtually every aspect of the tumour and tumour-associated cells. Interactions with the extracellular microenvironment are predominately mediated by a family of cell-surface transmembrane receptors called integrins. Integrin-matrix engagement leads to the formation of adhesion plaques, consisting of signalling and adaptor proteins, at the plasma membrane that link the extracellular matrix to the regulation of the cell cytoskeleton. In this review, we will highlight exciting data that identify new roles for integrins and integrin-dependent signalling in cancer away from the plasma membrane, discuss the implications of integrin-dependent regulation of Met and ErbB2 growth factor receptors and highlight the role of specific integrins in different stages of cancer development including maintenance of cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellyeh Hamidi
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Mika Pietilä
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6, Turku 20520, Finland.,Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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30
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Under Pressure: Mechanical Stress Management in the Nucleus. Cells 2016; 5:cells5020027. [PMID: 27314389 PMCID: PMC4931676 DOI: 10.3390/cells5020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells are constantly adjusting to the mechanical properties of their surroundings, operating a complex mechanochemical feedback, which hinges on mechanotransduction mechanisms. Whereas adhesion structures have been shown to play a central role in mechanotransduction, it now emerges that the nucleus may act as a mechanosensitive structure. Here, we review recent advances demonstrating that mechanical stress emanating from the cytoskeleton can activate pathways in the nucleus which eventually impact both its structure and the transcriptional machinery.
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31
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Kemler D, Dahley O, Roßwag S, Litfin M, Kassel O. The LIM domain protein nTRIP6 acts as a co-repressor for the transcription factor MEF2C in myoblasts. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27746. [PMID: 27292777 PMCID: PMC4904203 DOI: 10.1038/srep27746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C) plays a key role in the late differentiation of skeletal muscle progenitor cells, the so-called myoblasts. During myoblast differentiation, both MEF2C expression and transcriptional activity are regulated. We have reported that nTRIP6, the nuclear isoform of the focal adhesion LIM domain protein TRIP6, acts as an adaptor transcriptional co-activator for several transcription factors. It interacts with the promoter-bound transcription factors and consequently mediates the recruitment of other co-activators. Based on a described interaction between MEF2C and TRIP6 in a yeast-two-hybrid screen, we hypothesised a co-regulatory function of nTRIP6 for MEF2C. In proliferating myoblasts, nTRIP6 interacted with MEF2C and was recruited together with MEF2C to the MEF2-binding regions of the MEF2C target genes Myom2, Mb, Tnni2 and Des. Silencing nTRIP6 or preventing its interaction with MEF2C increased MEF2C transcriptional activity and increased the expression of these MEF2C target genes. Thus, nTRIP6 acts as a co-repressor for MEF2C. Mechanistically, nTRIP6 mediated the recruitment of the class IIa histone deacetylase HDAC5 to the MEF2C-bound promoters. In conclusion, our results unravel a transcriptional co-repressor function for nTRIP6. This adaptor co-regulator can thus exert either co-activator or co-repressor functions, depending on the transcription factor it interacts with.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Kemler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Oliver Dahley
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sven Roßwag
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Margarethe Litfin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Olivier Kassel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe, Germany
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32
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Byron A, Frame MC. Adhesion protein networks reveal functions proximal and distal to cell-matrix contacts. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2016; 39:93-100. [PMID: 26930633 PMCID: PMC5094910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix is generally mediated by integrin receptors, which bind to intracellular adhesion proteins that form multi-molecular scaffolding and signalling complexes. The networks of proteins, and their interactions, are dynamic, mechanosensitive and extremely complex. Recent efforts to characterise adhesions using a variety of technologies, including imaging, proteomics and bioinformatics, have provided new insights into their composition, organisation and how they are regulated, and have also begun to reveal unexpected roles for so-called adhesion proteins in other cellular compartments (for example, the nucleus or centrosomes) in diseases such as cancer. We believe this is opening a new chapter on understanding the wider functions of adhesion proteins, both proximal and distal to cell-matrix contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Byron
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Margaret C Frame
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Cell phenotype and fate are driven by the mechanical properties of their surrounding environment. Changes in matrix rigidity or application of force have been shown to impact profoundly cell behavior and phenotype, demonstrating that the molecular mechanisms which "sense" and transduce these signals into biochemical pathways are central in cell biology. In this commentary, we discuss recent evidence showing that mechanotransduction mechanisms occur in the nucleus, allowing dynamic regulation of the nucleoskeleton in response to mechanical stress. We will review this nucleoskeletal response and its impact on both nuclear structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Guilluy
- a Inserm UMR_S1087 ; CNRS UMR_C6291; L'institut du Thorax ; Nantes , France
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34
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Rodríguez-Muñoz R, Cárdenas-Aguayo MDC, Alemán V, Osorio B, Chávez-González O, Rendon A, Martínez-Rojas D, Meraz-Ríos MA. Novel Nuclear Protein Complexes of Dystrophin 71 Isoforms in Rat Cultured Hippocampal GABAergic and Glutamatergic Neurons. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137328. [PMID: 26378780 PMCID: PMC4574971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The precise functional role of the dystrophin 71 in neurons is still elusive. Previously, we reported that dystrophin 71d and dystrophin 71f are present in nuclei from cultured neurons. In the present work, we performed a detailed analysis of the intranuclear distribution of dystrophin 71 isoforms (Dp71d and Dp71f), during the temporal course of 7-day postnatal rats hippocampal neurons culture for 1h, 2, 4, 10, 15 and 21 days in vitro (DIV). By immunofluorescence assays, we detected the highest level of nuclear expression of both dystrophin Dp71 isoforms at 10 DIV, during the temporal course of primary culture. Dp71d and Dp71f were detected mainly in bipolar GABAergic (≥60%) and multipolar Glutamatergic (≤40%) neurons, respectively. We also characterized the existence of two nuclear dystrophin-associated protein complexes (DAPC): dystrophin 71d or dystrophin 71f bound to β-dystroglycan, α1-, β-, α2-dystrobrevins, α-syntrophin, and syntrophin-associated protein nNOS (Dp71d-DAPC or Dp71f-DAPC, respectively), in the hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, both complexes were localized in interchromatin granule cluster structures (nuclear speckles) of neuronal nucleoskeleton preparations. The present study evinces that each Dp71's complexes differ slightly in dystrobrevins composition. The results demonstrated that Dp71d-DAPC was mainly localized in bipolar GABAergic and Dp71f-DAPC in multipolar Glutamatergic hippocampal neurons. Taken together, our results show that dystrophin 71d, dystrophin 71f and DAP integrate protein complexes, and both complexes were associated to nuclear speckles structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Departments of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), México D.F., México
| | - María del Carmen Cárdenas-Aguayo
- Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), México D.F., México
| | - Víctor Alemán
- Departments of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), México D.F., México
| | - Beatriz Osorio
- Departments of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), México D.F., México
| | - Oscar Chávez-González
- Departments of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), México D.F., México
| | - Alvaro Rendon
- Institut de la Vision, UMR Inserm, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire de la Rétine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Dalila Martínez-Rojas
- Departments of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), México D.F., México
- * E-mail: (MAMMR); (DMR)
| | - Marco Antonio Meraz-Ríos
- Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), México D.F., México
- * E-mail: (MAMMR); (DMR)
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Marášek P, Dzijak R, Studenyak I, Fišerová J, Uličná L, Novák P, Hozák P. Paxillin-dependent regulation of IGF2 and H19 gene cluster expression. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:3106-16. [PMID: 26116569 PMCID: PMC4541046 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.170985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Paxillin (PXN) is a focal adhesion protein that has been implicated in signal transduction from the extracellular matrix. Recently, it has been shown to shuttle between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. When inside the nucleus, paxillin promotes cell proliferation. Here, we introduce paxillin as a transcriptional regulator of IGF2 and H19 genes. It does not affect the allelic expression of the two genes; rather, it regulates long-range chromosomal interactions between the IGF2 or H19 promoter and a shared distal enhancer on an active allele. Specifically, paxillin stimulates the interaction between the enhancer and the IGF2 promoter, thus activating IGF2 gene transcription, whereas it restrains the interaction between the enhancer and the H19 promoter, downregulating the H19 gene. We found that paxillin interacts with cohesin and the mediator complex, which have been shown to mediate long-range chromosomal looping. We propose that these interactions occur at the IGF2 and H19 gene cluster and are involved in the formation of loops between the IGF2 and H19 promoters and the enhancer, and thus the expression of the corresponding genes. These observations contribute to a mechanistic explanation of the role of paxillin in proliferation and fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Marášek
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Rastislav Dzijak
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Irina Studenyak
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřiška Fišerová
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Lívia Uličná
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Novák
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Microbiology AS CR, Prague 142 00, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hozák
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
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Yang C, Zhang X, Guo Y, Meng F, Sachs F, Guo J. Mechanical dynamics in live cells and fluorescence-based force/tension sensors. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:1889-904. [PMID: 25958335 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Three signaling systems play the fundamental roles in modulating cell activities: chemical, electrical, and mechanical. While the former two are well studied, the mechanical signaling system is still elusive because of the lack of methods to measure structural forces in real time at cellular and subcellular levels. Indeed, almost all biological processes are responsive to modulation by mechanical forces that trigger dispersive downstream electrical and biochemical pathways. Communication among the three systems is essential to make cells and tissues receptive to environmental changes. Cells have evolved many sophisticated mechanisms for the generation, perception and transduction of mechanical forces, including motor proteins and mechanosensors. In this review, we introduce some background information about mechanical dynamics in live cells, including the ubiquitous mechanical activity, various types of mechanical stimuli exerted on cells and the different mechanosensors. We also summarize recent results obtained using genetically encoded FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer)-based force/tension sensors; a new technique used to measure mechanical forces in structural proteins. The sensors have been incorporated into many specific structural proteins and have measured the force gradients in real time within live cells, tissues, and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Yichen Guo
- The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35401, USA
| | - Fanjie Meng
- Physiology and Biophysics Department, Center for Single Molecule Studies, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Frederick Sachs
- Physiology and Biophysics Department, Center for Single Molecule Studies, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China.
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Pavlíková N, Bartoňová I, Balušíková K, Kopperova D, Halada P, Kovář J. Differentially expressed proteins in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells sensitive and resistant to paclitaxel. Exp Cell Res 2014; 333:1-10. [PMID: 25557873 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents is one of the main causes of treatment failure. In order to detect proteins potentially involved in the mechanism of resistance to taxanes, we assessed differences in protein expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells that are sensitive to paclitaxel and in the same cells with acquired resistance to paclitaxel (established in our lab). Proteins were separated using two-dimensional electrophoresis. Changes in their expression were determined and proteins with altered expression were identified using mass spectrometry. Changes in their expression were confirmed using western blot analysis. With these techniques, we found three proteins expressed differently in resistant MCF-7 cells, i.e., thyroid hormone-interacting protein 6 (TRIP6; upregulated to 650%), heat shock protein 27 (HSP27; downregulated to 50%) and cathepsin D (downregulated to 28%). Silencing of TRIP6 expression by specific siRNA leads to decreased number of grown resistant MCF-7 cells. In the present study we have pointed at some new directions in the studies of the mechanism of resistance to paclitaxel in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nela Pavlíková
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Irena Bartoňová
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Balušíková
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Kopperova
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Halada
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology,v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kovář
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Miyazaki Y, Vieira-de-Abreu A, Harris ES, Shah AM, Weyrich AS, Castro-Faria-Neto HC, Zimmerman GA. Integrin αDβ2 (CD11d/CD18) is expressed by human circulating and tissue myeloid leukocytes and mediates inflammatory signaling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112770. [PMID: 25415295 PMCID: PMC4240710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin α(D)β(2) is the most recently identified member of the leukocyte, or β(2), subfamily of integrin heterodimers. Its distribution and functions on human leukocytes have not been clearly defined and are controversial. We examined these issues and found that α(D)β(2) is prominently expressed by leukocytes in whole blood from healthy human subjects, including most polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes. We also found that α(D)β(2) is displayed by leukocytes in the alveoli of uninjured and inflamed human lungs and by human monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells, indicating broad myeloid expression. Using freshly-isolated human monocytes, we found that α(D)β(2) delivers outside-in signals to pathways that regulate cell spreading and gene expression. Screening expression analysis followed by validation of candidate transcripts demonstrated that engagement of α(D)β(2) induces mRNAs encoding inflammatory chemokines and cytokines and secretion of their protein products. Thus, α(D)β(2) is a major member of the integrin repertoire of both circulating and tissue myeloid leukocytes in humans. Its broad expression and capacity for outside-in signaling indicate that it is likely to have important functions in clinical syndromes of infection, inflammation, and tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Miyazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Adriana Vieira-de-Abreu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States of America
- Laboratório de Immunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundacão Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Estelle S. Harris
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States of America
| | - Amrapali M. Shah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States of America
| | - Andrew S. Weyrich
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States of America
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States of America
| | - Hugo C. Castro-Faria-Neto
- Laboratório de Immunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundacão Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guy A. Zimmerman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States of America
- Laboratório de Immunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundacão Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Ahn JY. Neuroprotection signaling of nuclear akt in neuronal cells. Exp Neurobiol 2014; 23:200-6. [PMID: 25258566 PMCID: PMC4174610 DOI: 10.5607/en.2014.23.3.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Akt is one of the central kinases that perform a pivotal function in mediating survival signaling in a wide range of neuronal cell types in response to growth factor stimulation. The recent findings of a number of targets for Akt suggest that it prohibits neuronal death by both impinging on the cytoplasmic cell death machinery and by regulating nuclear proteins. The presence of active Akt in the nuclei of mammalian cells is no longer debatable, and this has been corroborated by the finding of multiple targets in the nucleus of PC12 cells. However, it is also clear that the nuclear Akt signaling exists independent of the cytosolic Akt signaling, thereby showing a distinctive feature of nuclear Akt signaling as opposed to its cytosolic counterpart. The principal objective of this review is to summarize our current state of knowledge regarding nuclear Akt signaling in neuronal survival, and to introduce current theories regarding the roles of nuclear Akt in neuron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Yin Ahn
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, Korea
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Peng H, Talebzadeh-Farrooji M, Osborne MJ, Prokop JW, McDonald PC, Karar J, Hou Z, He M, Kebebew E, Orntoft T, Herlyn M, Caton AJ, Fredericks W, Malkowicz B, Paterno CS, Carolin AS, Speicher DW, Skordalakes E, Huang Q, Dedhar S, Borden KLB, Rauscher FJ. LIMD2 is a small LIM-only protein overexpressed in metastatic lesions that regulates cell motility and tumor progression by directly binding to and activating the integrin-linked kinase. Cancer Res 2014; 74:1390-1403. [PMID: 24590809 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-1275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Proteins that communicate signals from the cytoskeleton to the nucleus are prime targets for effectors of metastasis as they often transduce signals regulating adhesion, motility, and invasiveness. LIM domain proteins shuttle between the cytoplasm and the nucleus, and bind to partners in both compartments, often coupling changes in gene expression to extracellular cues. In this work, we characterize LIMD2, a mechanistically undefined LIM-only protein originally found to be overexpressed in metastatic lesions but absent in the matched primary tumor. LIMD2 levels in fresh and archival tumors positively correlate with cell motility, metastatic potential, and grade, including bladder, melanoma, breast, and thyroid tumors. LIMD2 directly contributes to these cellular phenotypes as shown by overexpression, knockdown, and reconstitution experiments in cell culture models. The solution structure of LIMD2 that was determined using nuclear magnetic resonance revealed a classic LIM-domain structure that was highly related to LIM1 of PINCH1, a core component of the integrin-linked kinase-parvin-pinch complex. Structural and biochemical analyses revealed that LIMD2 bound directly to the kinase domain of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) near the active site and strongly activated ILK kinase activity. Cells that were null for ILK failed to respond to the induction of invasion by LIMD2. This strongly suggests that LIMD2 potentiates its biologic effects through direct interactions with ILK, a signal transduction pathway firmly linked to cell motility and invasion. In summary, LIMD2 is a new component of the signal transduction cascade that links integrin-mediated signaling to cell motility/metastatic behavior and may be a promising target for controlling tumor spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhuang Peng
- The Wistar Institute, University of Pennsylvania and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mehdi Talebzadeh-Farrooji
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer
| | - Michael J Osborne
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer
| | | | - Paul C McDonald
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jayashree Karar
- The Wistar Institute, University of Pennsylvania and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zhaoyuan Hou
- The Wistar Institute, University of Pennsylvania and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mei He
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Electron Kebebew
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Meenhard Herlyn
- The Wistar Institute, University of Pennsylvania and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew J Caton
- The Wistar Institute, University of Pennsylvania and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - William Fredericks
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bruce Malkowicz
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher S Paterno
- The Wistar Institute, University of Pennsylvania and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alexandra S Carolin
- The Wistar Institute, University of Pennsylvania and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David W Speicher
- The Wistar Institute, University of Pennsylvania and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Emmanuel Skordalakes
- The Wistar Institute, University of Pennsylvania and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Qihong Huang
- The Wistar Institute, University of Pennsylvania and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shoukat Dedhar
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Katherine L B Borden
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer
| | - Frank J Rauscher
- The Wistar Institute, University of Pennsylvania and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Custódio CA, Reis RL, Mano JF. Engineering biomolecular microenvironments for cell instructive biomaterials. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:797-810. [PMID: 24464880 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Engineered cell instructive microenvironments with the ability to stimulate specific cellular responses are a topic of high interest in the fabrication and development of biomaterials for application in tissue engineering. Cells are inherently sensitive to the in vivo microenvironment that is often designed as the cell "niche." The cell "niche" comprising the extracellular matrix and adjacent cells, influences not only cell architecture and mechanics, but also cell polarity and function. Extensive research has been performed to establish new tools to fabricate biomimetic advanced materials for tissue engineering that incorporate structural, mechanical, and biochemical signals that interact with cells in a controlled manner and to recapitulate the in vivo dynamic microenvironment. Bioactive tunable microenvironments using micro and nanofabrication have been successfully developed and proven to be extremely powerful to control intracellular signaling and cell function. This Review is focused in the assortment of biochemical signals that have been explored to fabricate bioactive cell microenvironments and the main technologies and chemical strategies to encode them in engineered biomaterials with biological information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina A. Custódio
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials; Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, S. Cláudio do Barco; 4806-909 Caldas das Taipas - Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials; Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, S. Cláudio do Barco; 4806-909 Caldas das Taipas - Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - João F. Mano
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials; Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, S. Cláudio do Barco; 4806-909 Caldas das Taipas - Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
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42
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Dissous C, Morel M, Vanderstraete M. Venus kinase receptors: prospects in signaling and biological functions of these invertebrate kinases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:72. [PMID: 24860549 PMCID: PMC4026697 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Venus kinase receptors (VKRs) form a family of invertebrate receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) initially discovered in the parasitic platyhelminth Schistosoma mansoni. VKRs are single transmembrane receptors that contain an extracellular venus fly trap structure similar to the ligand-binding domain of G protein-coupled receptors of class C, and an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain close to that of insulin receptors. VKRs are found in a large variety of invertebrates from cnidarians to echinoderms and are highly expressed in larval stages and in gonads, suggesting a role of these proteins in embryonic and larval development as well as in reproduction. VKR gene silencing could demonstrate the function of these receptors in oogenesis as well as in spermatogenesis in S. mansoni. VKRs are activated by amino acids and are highly responsive to arginine. As many other RTKs, they form dimers when activated by ligands and induce intracellular pathways involved in protein synthesis and cellular growth, such as MAPK and PI3K/Akt/S6K pathways. VKRs are not present in vertebrates or in some invertebrate species. Questions remain open about the origin of this little-known RTK family in evolution and its role in emergence and specialization of Metazoa. What is the meaning of maintenance or loss of VKR in some phyla or species in terms of development and physiological functions? The presence of VKRs in invertebrates of economical and medical importance, such as pests, vectors of pathogens, and platyhelminth parasites, and the implication of these RTKs in gametogenesis and reproduction processes are valuable reasons to consider VKRs as interesting targets in new programs for eradication/control of pests and infectious diseases, with the main advantage in the case of parasite targeting that VKR counterparts are absent from the vertebrate host kinase panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette Dissous
- INSERM U1019, CNRS-UMR 8204, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Marion Morel
- INSERM U1019, CNRS-UMR 8204, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Mathieu Vanderstraete
- INSERM U1019, CNRS-UMR 8204, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
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43
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The LIM domain protein nTRIP6 recruits the mediator complex to AP-1-regulated promoters. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97549. [PMID: 24819052 PMCID: PMC4018362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Several LIM domain proteins regulate transcription. They are thought to act through their LIM protein-protein interaction domains as adaptors for the recruitment of transcriptional co-regulators. An intriguing example is nTRIP6, the nuclear isoform of the focal adhesion protein TRIP6. nTRIP6 interacts with AP-1 and enhances its transcriptional activity. nTRIP6 is also essential for the transrepression of AP-1 by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), by mediating GR tethering to promoter-bound AP-1. Here we report on the molecular mechanism by which nTRIP6 exerts these effects. Both the LIM domains and the pre-LIM region of nTRIP6 are necessary for its co-activator function for AP-1. Discrete domains within the pre-LIM region mediate the dimerization of nTRIP6 at the promoter, which enables the recruitment of the Mediator complex subunits THRAP3 and Med1. This recruitment is blocked by GR, through a competition between GR and THRAP3 for the interaction with the LIM domains of nTRIP6. Thus, nTRIP6 both positively and negatively regulates transcription by orchestrating the recruitment of the Mediator complex to AP-1-regulated promoters.
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44
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Androgens regulate ovarian follicular development by increasing follicle stimulating hormone receptor and microRNA-125b expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:3008-13. [PMID: 24516121 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1318978111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Although androgen excess is considered detrimental to women's health and fertility, global and ovarian granulosa cell-specific androgen-receptor (AR) knockout mouse models have been used to show that androgen actions through ARs are actually necessary for normal ovarian function and female fertility. Here we describe two AR-mediated pathways in granulosa cells that regulate ovarian follicular development and therefore female fertility. First, we show that androgens attenuate follicular atresia through nuclear and extranuclear signaling pathways by enhancing expression of the microRNA (miR) miR-125b, which in turn suppresses proapoptotic protein expression. Second, we demonstrate that, independent of transcription, androgens enhance follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor expression, which then augments FSH-mediated follicle growth and development. Interestingly, we find that the scaffold molecule paxillin regulates both processes, making it a critical regulator of AR actions in the ovary. Finally, we report that low doses of exogenous androgens enhance gonadotropin-induced ovulation in mice, further demonstrating the critical role that androgens play in follicular development and fertility. These data may explain reported positive effects of androgens on ovulation rates in women with diminished ovarian reserve. Furthermore, this study demonstrates mechanisms that might contribute to the unregulated follicle growth seen in diseases of excess androgens such as polycystic ovary syndrome.
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45
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Van Itallie CM, Tietgens AJ, Aponte A, Fredriksson K, Fanning AS, Gucek M, Anderson JM. Biotin ligase tagging identifies proteins proximal to E-cadherin, including lipoma preferred partner, a regulator of epithelial cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion. J Cell Sci 2013; 127:885-95. [PMID: 24338363 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.140475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Known proteins associated with the cell-adhesion protein E-cadherin include catenins and proteins involved in signaling, trafficking and actin organization. However, the list of identified adherens junction proteins is likely to be incomplete, limiting investigation into this essential cell structure. To expand the inventory of potentially relevant proteins, we expressed E-cadherin fused to biotin ligase in MDCK epithelial cells, and identified by mass spectrometry neighboring proteins that were biotinylated. The most abundant of the 303 proteins identified were catenins and nearly 40 others that had been previously reported to influence cadherin function. Many others could be rationalized as novel candidates for regulating the adherens junction, cytoskeleton, trafficking or signaling. We further characterized lipoma preferred partner (LPP), which is present at both cell contacts and focal adhesions. Knockdown of LPP demonstrated its requirement for E-cadherin-dependent adhesion and suggested that it plays a role in coordination of the cell-cell and cell-substrate cytoskeletal interactions. The analysis of LPP function demonstrates proof of principle that the proteomic analysis of E-cadherin proximal proteins expands the inventory of components and tools for understanding the function of E-cadherin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Van Itallie
- Laboratory of Tight Junction Structure and Function, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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46
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Naydenov NG, Feygin A, Wang L, Ivanov AI. N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein α (αSNAP) regulates matrix adhesion and integrin processing in human epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:2424-39. [PMID: 24311785 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.498691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin-based adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays critical roles in controlling differentiation, survival, and motility of epithelial cells. Cells attach to the ECM via dynamic structures called focal adhesions (FA). FA undergo constant remodeling mediated by vesicle trafficking and fusion. A soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) attachment protein α (αSNAP) is an essential mediator of membrane fusion; however, its roles in regulating ECM adhesion and cell motility remain unexplored. In this study, we found that siRNA-mediated knockdown of αSNAP induced detachment of intestinal epithelial cells, whereas overexpression of αSNAP increased ECM adhesion and inhibited cell invasion. Loss of αSNAP impaired Golgi-dependent glycosylation and trafficking of β1 integrin and decreased phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin resulting in FA disassembly. These effects of αSNAP depletion on ECM adhesion were independent of apoptosis and NSF. In agreement with our previous reports that Golgi fragmentation mediates cellular effects of αSNAP knockdown, we found that either pharmacologic or genetic disruption of the Golgi recapitulated all the effects of αSNAP depletion on ECM adhesion. Furthermore, our data implicates β1 integrin, FAK, and paxillin in mediating the observed pro-adhesive effects of αSNAP. These results reveal novel roles for αSNAP in regulating ECM adhesion and motility of epithelial cells.
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47
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Chinenov Y, Gupte R, Rogatsky I. Nuclear receptors in inflammation control: repression by GR and beyond. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 380:55-64. [PMID: 23623868 PMCID: PMC3787948 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a protective response of organisms to pathogens, irritation or injury. Primary inflammatory sensors activate an array of signaling pathways that ultimately converge upon a few transcription factors such as AP1, NFκB and STATs that in turn stimulate expression of inflammatory genes to ultimately eradicate infection and repair the damage. A disturbed balance between activation and inhibition of inflammatory pathways can set the stage for chronic inflammation which is increasingly recognized as a key pathogenic component of autoimmune, metabolic, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a large family of transcription factors many of which are known for their potent anti-inflammatory actions. Activated by small lipophilic ligands, NRs interact with a wide range of transcription factors, cofactors and chromatin-modifying enzymes, assembling numerous cell- and tissue-specific DNA-protein transcriptional regulatory complexes with diverse activities. Here we discuss established and emerging roles and mechanisms by which NRs and, in particular, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) repress genes encoding cytokines, chemokines and other pro-inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurii Chinenov
- Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021
| | - Rebecca Gupte
- Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021
| | - Inez Rogatsky
- Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021
- Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021
- Corresponding author: , Tel: 1 212-606-1462, Fax: 1 212-774-2560
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Bianchi-Smiraglia A, Kunnev D, Limoge M, Lee A, Beckerle MC, Bakin AV. Integrin-β5 and zyxin mediate formation of ventral stress fibers in response to transforming growth factor β. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:3377-89. [PMID: 24036928 DOI: 10.4161/cc.26388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix is an essential element of various biological processes. TGF-β cytokines regulate the matrix components and cell-matrix adhesions. The present study investigates the molecular organization of TGF-β-induced matrix adhesions. The study demonstrates that in various mouse and human epithelial cells TGF-β induces cellular structures containing 2 matrix adhesions bridged by a stretch of actin fibers. These structures are similar to ventral stress fibers (VSFs). Suppression of integrin-β5 by RNA interference reduces VSFs in majority of cells (> 75%), while overexpression of integrin-β5 fragments revealed a critical role of a distinct sequence in the cytoplasmic domain of integrin-β5 in the VSF structures. In addition, the integrity of actin fibers and Src kinase activity contribute to integrin-β5-mediated signaling and VSF formation. TGF-β-Smad signaling upregulates actin-regulatory proteins, such as caldesmon, zyxin, and zyxin-binding protein Csrp1 in mouse and human epithelial cells. Suppression of zyxin markedly inhibits formation of VSFs in response to TGF-β and integrin-β5. Zyxin is localized at actin fibers and matrix adhesions of VSFs and might bridge integrin-β5-mediated adhesions to actin fibers. These findings provide a platform for defining the molecular mechanism regulating the organization and activities of VSFs in response to TGF-β.
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Wozniak MA, Baker BM, Chen CS, Wilson KL. The emerin-binding transcription factor Lmo7 is regulated by association with p130Cas at focal adhesions. PeerJ 2013; 1:e134. [PMID: 24010014 PMCID: PMC3757464 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of function mutations in the nuclear inner membrane protein, emerin, cause X-linked Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (X-EDMD). X-EDMD is characterized by contractures of major tendons, skeletal muscle weakening and wasting, and cardiac conduction system defects. The transcription factor Lmo7 regulates muscle- and heart-relevant genes and is inhibited by binding to emerin, suggesting Lmo7 misregulation contributes to EDMD disease. Lmo7 associates with cell adhesions and shuttles between the plasma membrane and nucleus, but the regulation and biological consequences of this dual localization were unknown. We report endogenous Lmo7 also associates with focal adhesions in cells, and both co-localizes and co-immunoprecipitates with p130Cas, a key signaling component of focal adhesions. Lmo7 nuclear localization and transcriptional activity increased significantly in p130Cas-null MEFs, suggesting Lmo7 is negatively regulated by p130Cas-dependent association with focal adhesions. These results support EDMD models in which Lmo7 is a downstream mediator of integrin-dependent signaling that allows tendon cells and muscles to adapt to and withstand mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele A Wozniak
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA ; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
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Signal transduction in cerebral arteries after subarachnoid hemorrhage-a phosphoproteomic approach. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2013; 33:1259-69. [PMID: 23715060 PMCID: PMC3734778 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
After subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), pathologic changes in cerebral arteries contribute to delayed cerebral ischemia and poor outcome. We hypothesize such changes are triggered by early intracellular signals, targeting of which may prevent SAH-induced vasculopathy. We performed an unbiased quantitative analysis of early SAH-induced phosphorylations in cerebral arteries and evaluated identified signaling components as targets for prevention of delayed vasculopathy and ischemia. Labeled phosphopeptides from rat cerebral arteries were quantified by high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Selected SAH-induced phosphorylations were validated by immunoblotting and monitored over a 24-hour time course post SAH. Moreover, inhibition of key phosphoproteins was performed. Major SAH-induced phosphorylations were observed on focal adhesion complexes, extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), calcium calmodulin-dependent kinase II, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) and c-Jun, the latter two downstream of ERK1/2. Inhibition of ERK1/2 6-hour post SAH prevented increases in cerebrovascular constrictor receptors, matrix metalloprotease-9, wall thickness, and improved neurologic outcome. STAT3 inhibition partially mimicked these effects. The study shows that quantitative mass spectrometry is a strong approach to study in vivo vascular signaling. Moreover, it shows that targeting of ERK1/2 prevents delayed pathologic changes in cerebral arteries and improves outcome, and identifies SAH-induced signaling components downstream and upstream of ERK1/2.
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