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Hu X, Wang Z, Wang W, Cui P, Kong C, Chen X, Lu S. Irisin as an agent for protecting against osteoporosis: A review of the current mechanisms and pathways. J Adv Res 2024; 62:175-186. [PMID: 37669714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is recognized as a skeletal disorder characterized by diminished bone tissue quality and density. Regular physical exercise is widely acknowledged to preserve and enhance bone health, but the detailed molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. Irisin, a factor derived from muscle during exercise, influences bone and muscle. Since its discovery in 2012, irisin has been found to promote bone growth and reduce bone resorption, establishing a tangible link between muscle exertion and bone health. Consequently, the mechanism by which irisin prevents osteoporosis have attracted significant scientific interest. AIM OF THE REVIEW This study aims to elucidate the multifaceted relationship between exercise, irisin, and bone health. Focusing on irisin, a muscle-derived factor released during exercise, we seek to understand its role in promoting bone growth and inhibiting resorption. Through a review of current research article on irisin in osteoporosis, Our review provides a deep dive into existing research on influence of irisin in osteoporosis, exploring its interaction with pivotal signaling pathways and its impact on various cell death mechanisms and inflammation. We aim to uncover the molecular underpinnings of how irisin, secreted during exercise, can serve as a therapeutic strategy for osteoporosis. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF THE REVIEW Irisin, secreted during exercise, plays a vital role in bridging muscle function to bone health. It not only promotes bone growth but also inhibits bone resorption. Specifically, Irisin fosters osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization predominantly through the ERK, p38, and AMPK signaling pathways. Concurrently, it regulates osteoclast differentiation and maturation via the JNK, Wnt/β-catenin and RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling pathways. This review further delves into the profound significance of irisin in osteoporosis and its involvement in diverse cellular death mechanisms, including apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Peng Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Chao Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Shibao Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
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Poole K, Iyer KS, Schmidtke DW, Petroll WM, Varner VD. Corneal keratocytes, fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts exhibit distinct transcriptional profiles in vitro. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.28.582620. [PMID: 38464034 PMCID: PMC10925317 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.28.582620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Purpose After stromal injury to the cornea, the release of growth factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines promotes the activation of quiescent keratocytes into a migratory fibroblast and/or fibrotic myofibroblast phenotype. Persistence of the myofibroblast phenotype can lead to corneal fibrosis and scarring, which are leading causes of blindness worldwide. This study aims to establish comprehensive transcriptional profiles for cultured corneal keratocytes, fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts to gain insights into the mechanisms through which these phenotypic changes occur. Methods Primary rabbit corneal keratocytes were cultured in either defined serum-free media (SF), fetal bovine serum (FBS) containing media, or in the presence of TGF-β1 to induce keratocyte, fibroblast, or myofibroblast phenotypes, respectively. Bulk RNA sequencing followed by bioinformatic analyses was performed to identify significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and enriched biological pathways for each phenotype. Results Genes commonly associated with keratocytes, fibroblasts, or myofibroblasts showed high relative expression in SF, FBS, or TGF-β1 culture conditions, respectively. Differential expression and functional analyses revealed novel DEGs for each cell type, as well as enriched pathways indicative of differences in proliferation, apoptosis, extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, cell-ECM interactions, cytokine signaling, and cell mechanics. Conclusions Overall, these data demonstrate distinct transcriptional differences among cultured corneal keratocytes, fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts. We have identified genes and signaling pathways that may play important roles in keratocyte differentiation, including many related to mechanotransduction and ECM biology. Our findings have revealed novel molecular markers for each cell type, as well as possible targets for modulating cell behavior and promoting physiological corneal wound healing.
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Wu P, Liu Z, Zheng L, Zhou Z, Wang W, Lu C. Comprehensive multimodal and multiomic profiling reveals epigenetic and transcriptional reprogramming in lung tumors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.06.597667. [PMID: 38895479 PMCID: PMC11185586 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.06.597667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Epigenomic mechanisms are critically involved in mediation of genetic and environmental factors that underlie cancer development. Histone modifications represent highly informative epigenomic marks that reveal activation and repression of gene activities and dysregulation of transcriptional control due to tumorigenesis. Here, we present a comprehensive epigenomic and transcriptomic mapping of 18 tumor and 20 non-neoplastic tissues from non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma patients. Our profiling covers 5 histone marks including activating (H3K4me3, H3K4me1, and H3K27ac) and repressive (H3K27me3 and H3K9me3) marks and the transcriptome using only 20 mg of tissue per sample, enabled by low-input omic technologies. Using advanced integrative bioinformatic analysis, we uncovered cancer-driving signaling cascade networks, changes in 3D genome modularity, and differential expression and functionalities of transcription factors and noncoding RNAs. Many of these identified genes and regulatory molecules showed no significant change in their expression or a single epigenomic modality, emphasizing the power of integrative multimodal and multiomic analysis using patient samples.
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Kim JY, Lee SY, Cha SG, Park JM, Song DH, Lee SH, Hwang DY, Kim BJ, Rho S, Park CG, Rhim WK, Han DK. Combinatory Nanovesicle with siRNA-Loaded Extracellular Vesicle and IGF-1 for Osteoarthritis Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5242. [PMID: 38791285 PMCID: PMC11121733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been found to have the characteristics of their parent cells. Based on the characteristics of these EVs, various studies on disease treatment using mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived EVs with regenerative activity have been actively conducted. The therapeutic nature of MSC-derived EVs has been shown in several studies, but in recent years, there have been many efforts to functionalize EVs to give them more potent therapeutic effects. Strategies for functionalizing EVs include endogenous and exogenous methods. In this study, human umbilical cord MSC (UCMSC)-derived EVs were selected for optimum OA treatments with expectation via bioinformatics analysis based on antibody array. And we created a novel nanovesicle system called the IGF-si-EV, which has the properties of both cartilage regeneration and long-term retention in the lesion site, attaching positively charged insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) to the surface of the UCMSC-derived Evs carrying siRNA, which inhibits MMP13. The downregulation of inflammation-related cytokine (MMP13, NF-kB, and IL-6) and the upregulation of cartilage-regeneration-related factors (Col2, Acan) were achieved with IGF-si-EV. Moreover, the ability of IGF-si-EV to remain in the lesion site for a long time has been proven through an ex vivo system. Collectively, the final constructed IGF-si-EV can be proposed as an effective OA treatment through its successful MMP13 inhibition, chondroprotective effect, and cartilage adhesion ability. We also believe that this EV-based nanoparticle-manufacturing technology can be applied as a platform technology for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.K.); (S.Y.L.); (S.-G.C.); (J.M.P.); (D.H.S.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-Y.H.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si 16419, Republic of Korea;
- Intelligent Precision of Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.K.); (S.Y.L.); (S.-G.C.); (J.M.P.); (D.H.S.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-Y.H.)
| | - Seung-Gyu Cha
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.K.); (S.Y.L.); (S.-G.C.); (J.M.P.); (D.H.S.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-Y.H.)
| | - Jung Min Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.K.); (S.Y.L.); (S.-G.C.); (J.M.P.); (D.H.S.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-Y.H.)
| | - Duck Hyun Song
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.K.); (S.Y.L.); (S.-G.C.); (J.M.P.); (D.H.S.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-Y.H.)
| | - Sang-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.K.); (S.Y.L.); (S.-G.C.); (J.M.P.); (D.H.S.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-Y.H.)
| | - Dong-Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.K.); (S.Y.L.); (S.-G.C.); (J.M.P.); (D.H.S.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-Y.H.)
| | - Byoung Ju Kim
- ATEMs, Jeongui-ro 8-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul-si 05836, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seungsoo Rho
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chun Gwon Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si 16419, Republic of Korea;
- Intelligent Precision of Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyu Rhim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.K.); (S.Y.L.); (S.-G.C.); (J.M.P.); (D.H.S.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-Y.H.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dong Keun Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.K.); (S.Y.L.); (S.-G.C.); (J.M.P.); (D.H.S.); (S.-H.L.); (D.-Y.H.)
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Shi H, Zhang Z, Yuan X, Liu G, Fan W, Wang W. PROS1 is a crucial gene in the macrophage efferocytosis of diabetic foot ulcers: a concerted analytical approach through the prisms of computer analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:6883-6897. [PMID: 38613800 PMCID: PMC11087110 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) pose a serious long-term threat because of elevated mortality and disability risks. Research on its biomarkers is still, however, very limited. In this paper, we have effectively identified biomarkers linked with macrophage excretion in diabetic foot ulcers through the application of bioinformatics and machine learning methodologies. These findings were subsequently validated using external datasets and animal experiments. Such discoveries are anticipated to offer novel insights and approaches for the early diagnosis and treatment of DFU. METHODS In this work, we used the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database's datasets GSE68183 and GSE80178 as the training dataset to build a gene model using machine learning methods. After that, we used the training and validation sets to validate the model (GSE134431). On the model genes, we performed enrichment analysis using both gene set variant analysis (GSVA) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Additionally, the model genes were subjected to immunological association and immune function analyses. RESULTS In this study, PROS1 was identified as a potential key target associated with macrophage efflux in DFU by machine learning and bioinformatics approaches. Subsequently, the key biomarker status of PROS1 in DFU was also confirmed by external datasets. In addition, PROS1 also plays a key role in macrophage exudation in DFU. This gene may be associated with macrophage M1, CD4 memory T cells, naïve B cells, and macrophage M2, and affects IL-17, Rap1, hedgehog, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS PROS1 was identified and validated as a biomarker for DFU. This finding has the potential to provide a target for macrophage clearance of DFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshuo Shi
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Surgery, Institute of Surgery of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- Dongying People’s Hospital (Dongying Hospital of Shandong Provincial Hospital Group), Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Surgery, Institute of Surgery of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guobin Liu
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Surgery, Institute of Surgery of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijing Fan
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Surgery, Institute of Surgery of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Rhim WK, Woo J, Kim JY, Lee EH, Cha SG, Kim DS, Baek SW, Park CG, Kim BS, Kwon TG, Han DK. Multiplexed PLGA scaffolds with nitric oxide-releasing zinc oxide and melatonin-modulated extracellular vesicles for severe chronic kidney disease. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00118-8. [PMID: 38537702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in worldwide, the strategies to recover renal function via tissue regeneration could provide alternatives to kidney replacement therapies. However, due to relatively low reproducibility of renal basal cells and limited bioactivities of implanted biomaterials along with the high probability of substance-inducible inflammation and immunogenicity, kidney tissue regeneration could be challenging. OBJECTIVES To exclude various side effects from cell transplantations, in this study, we have induced extracellular vesicles (EVs) incorporated cell-free hybrid PMEZ scaffolds. METHODS Hybrid PMEZ scaffolds incorporating essential bioactive components, such as ricinoleic acid grafted Mg(OH)2 (M), extracellular matrix (E), and alpha lipoic acid-conjugated ZnO (Z) based on biodegradable porous PLGA (P) platform was successfully manufactured. Consecutively, for functional improvements, melatonin-modulated extracellular vesicles (mEVs), derived from the human umbilical cord MSCs in chemically defined media without serum impurities, were also loaded onto PMEZ scaffolds to construct the multiplexed PMEZ/mEV scaffold. RESULTS With functionalities of Mg(OH)2 and extracellular matrix-loaded PLGA scaffolds, the continuous nitric oxide-releasing property of modified ZnO and remarkably upregulated regenerative functionalities of mEVs showed significantly enhanced kidney regenerative activities. Based on these, the structural and functional restoration has been practically achieved in 5/6 nephrectomy mouse models that mimicked severe human CKD. CONCLUSION Our study has proved the combinatory bioactivities of the biodegradable PLGA-based multiplexed scaffold for kidney tissue regeneration in 5/6 nephrectomy mouse representing a severe CKD model. The optimal microenvironments for the morphogenetic formations of renal tissues and functional restorations have successfully achieved the combinatory bioactivities of remarkable components for PMEZ/mEV, which could be a promising therapeutic alternative for CKD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Kyu Rhim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Woo
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Yong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Intelligent Precision of Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea; Intelligent Precision of Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hye Lee
- Joint Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Gyu Cha
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Seul Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woon Baek
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Intelligent Precision of Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea; Intelligent Precision of Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Gwon Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Intelligent Precision of Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea; Intelligent Precision of Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Soo Kim
- Joint Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gyun Kwon
- Joint Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Keun Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea.
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Wu D, Zhang Z, Wang X, Harmon DL, Jia Y, Qi J, Li X, Jia H, Xu M. Exploring the Role of G Protein Expression in Sodium Butyrate-Enhanced Pancreas Development of Dairy Calves: A Proteomic Perspective. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:5645-5658. [PMID: 38462712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of sodium butyrate (SB) supplementation on exocrine and endocrine pancreatic development in dairy calves. Fourteen male Holstein calves were alimented with either milk or milk supplemented with SB for 70 days. Pancreases were collected for analysis including staining, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and proteomics. Results indicated increased development in the SB group with increases in organ size, protein levels, and cell growth. There were also exocrine enhancements manifested as higher enzyme activities and gene expressions along with larger zymogen granules. Endocrine benefits included elevated gene expression, more insulin secretion, and larger islets, indicating a rise in β-cell proliferation. Proteomics and pathway analyses pinpointed the G protein subunit alpha-15 as a pivotal factor in pancreatic and insulin secretion pathways. Overall, SB supplementation enhances pancreatic development by promoting its exocrine and endocrine functions through G protein regulation in dairy calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Wu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Zhanhe Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Xing Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - David L Harmon
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546, Kentucky, United States
| | - Yang Jia
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot 010080, China
| | - Jingwei Qi
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot 010080, China
| | - Xintong Li
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Haobin Jia
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Ming Xu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot 010080, China
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Sun D, Bian G, Zhang K, Liu N, Yin Y, Hou Y, Xie F, Zhu W, Mao S, Liu J. Early-life ruminal microbiome-derived indole-3-carboxaldehyde and prostaglandin D2 are effective promoters of rumen development. Genome Biol 2024; 25:64. [PMID: 38438919 PMCID: PMC10910749 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-024-03205-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The function of diverse ruminal microbes is tightly linked to rumen development and host physiology. The system of ruminal microbes is an excellent model to clarify the fundamental ecological relationships among complex nutrient-microbiome-host interactions. Here, neonatal lambs are introduced to different dietary regimes to investigate the influences of early-life crosstalk between nutrients and microbiome on rumen development. RESULTS We find starchy corn-soybean starter-fed lambs exhibit the thickest ruminal epithelia and fiber-rich alfalfa hay-fed lambs have the thickest rumen muscle. Metabolome and metagenome data reveal that indole-3-carboxaldehyde (3-IAld) and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) are the top characteristic ruminal metabolites associated with ruminal epithelial and muscular development, which depend on the enhanced ruminal microbial synthesis potential of 3-IAld and PGD2. Moreover, microbial culture experiment first demonstrates that Bifidobacterium pseudolongum is able to convert tryptophan into 3-IAld and Candida albicans is a key producer for PGD2. Transcriptome sequencing of the ruminal epithelia and smooth muscle shows that ruminal epithelial and muscular development is accompanied by Wnt and Ca2+ signaling pathway activation. Primary cell cultures further confirm that 3-IAld promotes ruminal epithelial cell proliferation depending on AhR-wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and PGD2 accelerates ruminal smooth muscle cell proliferation via Ca2+ signaling pathway. Furthermore, we find that 3-IAld and PGD2 infusion promote ruminal epithelial and musculature development in lambs. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that early-life ruminal microbiome-derived 3-IAld and PGD2 are effective promoters of rumen development, which enhances our understanding of nutrient-microbiome-host interactions in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daming Sun
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Drug Target Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Gaorui Bian
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 210038, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuyang Yin
- Huzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Yuanlong Hou
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Drug Target Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shengyong Mao
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Junhua Liu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Center for International Research On Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Bharati J, Kumar S, Mohan NH, Pegu SR, Borah S, Gupta VK, Sarkar M. CRISPR/Cas genome editing revealed non-angiogenic role of VEGFA gene in porcine luteal cells: a preliminary report. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:195. [PMID: 38270707 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09115-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The angiogenic cytokine vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) also exerts non-angiogenic effects on endocrine functionality of porcine luteal cells critical for progesterone (P4) production. METHOD AND RESULTS The expression dynamics of VEGFA-FLT/KDR system were investigated using RT-qPCR during luteal stages and VEGFA gene knock out (KO) porcine luteal cells were generated using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The downstream effects of VEGFA ablation were studied using RT-qPCR, Annexin V, MTT, ELISA for P4 estimation and scratch wound assay. Bioinformatics analysis of RNA-Seq data of porcine mid-luteal stage was conducted for exploring protein-protein interaction network, KEGG pathways, transcription factors and kinase mapping for VEGFA-FLT/KDR interactomes. The VEGFA-FLT/KDR system expressed throughout the luteal stages with highest expression during mid- luteal stage. Cellular morphology, structure and oil-red-o staining for lipid droplets did not differ significantly between VEGFA KO and wild type cells, however, VEGFA KO significantly decreased (p < 0.05) viability and proliferation efficiency of edited cells on subsequent passages. Expression of apoptotic gene, CASP3 and hypoxia related gene, HIF1A were significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated in KO cells. The relative mRNA expression of VEGFA and steroidogenic genes STAR, CYP11A1 and HSD3B1 decreased significantly (p < 0.05) upon KO, which was further validated by the significant (p < 0.05) decrease in P4 output from KO cells. Bioinformatics analysis mapped VEGFA-FLT/KDR system to signalling pathways associated with steroidogenic cell functionality and survival, which complemented the findings of the study. CONCLUSION The ablation of VEGFA gene resulted in decreased steroidogenic capability of luteal cells, which suggests that VEGFA exerts additional non-angiogenic regulatory effects in luteal cell functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Bharati
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati, Assam, 781131, India.
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India.
| | - Satish Kumar
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati, Assam, 781131, India
| | - N H Mohan
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati, Assam, 781131, India
| | - Seema Rani Pegu
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati, Assam, 781131, India
| | - Sanjib Borah
- Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, North Lakhimpur, Assam, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, North Lakhimpur, Assam, India
| | - Mihir Sarkar
- ICAR-National Research Centre On Yak, Dirang, Arunachal Pradesh, 790101, India.
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10
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Engel A, Ludwig N, Grandke F, Wagner V, Kern F, Fehlmann T, Schmartz GP, Aparicio-Puerta E, Henn D, Walch-Rückheim B, Hannig M, Rupf S, Meese E, Laschke MW, Keller A. Skin treatment with non-thermal plasma modulates the immune system through miR-223-3p and its target genes. RNA Biol 2024; 21:31-44. [PMID: 38828710 PMCID: PMC11152102 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2024.2361571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-thermal plasma, a partially ionized gas, holds significant potential for clinical applications, including wound-healing support, oral therapies, and anti-tumour treatments. While its applications showed promising outcomes, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. We thus apply non-thermal plasma to mouse auricular skin and conducted non-coding RNA sequencing, as well as single-cell blood sequencing. In a time-series analysis (five timepoints spanning 2 hours), we compare the expression of microRNAs in the plasma-treated left ears to the unexposed right ears of the same mice as well as to the ears of unexposed control mice. Our findings indicate specific effects in the treated ears for a set of five miRNAs: mmu-miR-144-5p, mmu-miR-144-3p, mmu-miR-142a-5p, mmu-miR-223-3p, and mmu-miR-451a. Interestingly, mmu-miR-223-3p also exhibits an increase over time in the right non-treated ear of the exposed mice, suggesting systemic effects. Notably, this miRNA, along with mmu-miR-142a-5p and mmu-miR-144-3p, regulates genes and pathways associated with wound healing and tissue regeneration (namely ErbB, FoxO, Hippo, and PI3K-Akt signalling). This co-regulation is particularly remarkable considering the significant seed dissimilarities among the miRNAs. Finally, single-cell sequencing of PBMCs reveals the downregulation of 12 from 15 target genes in B-cells, Cd4+ and Cd8+ T-cells. Collectively, our data provide evidence for a systemic effect of non-thermal plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Engel
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Nicole Ludwig
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
- Center for Human and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Friederike Grandke
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Viktoria Wagner
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Fabian Kern
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Clinical Bioinformatics (CLIB), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Tobias Fehlmann
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Georges P. Schmartz
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Dominic Henn
- Department of Plastic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Barbara Walch-Rückheim
- Center of Human und Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Virology & Immunology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Stefan Rupf
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Eckart Meese
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Matthias W. Laschke
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Clinical Bioinformatics (CLIB), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarbrücken, Germany
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11
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Toledo-Guardiola SM, Luongo C, Abril-Parreño L, Soriano-Úbeda C, Matás C. Different seminal ejaculated fractions in artificial insemination condition the protein cargo of oviductal and uterine extracellular vesicles in pig. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1231755. [PMID: 37868907 PMCID: PMC10587466 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1231755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The seminal plasma (SP) is the liquid component of semen that facilitates sperm transport through the female genital tract. SP modulates the activity of the ovary, oviductal environment and uterine function during the periovulatory and early pregnancy period. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted in the oviduct (oEVs) and uterus (uEVs) have been shown to influence the expression of endometrial genes that regulate fertilization and early embryo development. In some species, semen is composed of well-separated fractions that vary in concentration of spermatozoa and SP composition and volume. This study aimed to investigate the impact of different accumulative fractions of the porcine ejaculate (F1, composed of the sperm-rich fraction, SRF; F2, composed of F1 plus the intermediate fraction; F3, composed of F2 plus the post-SRF) on oEVs and uEVs protein cargo. Six days after the onset of estrus, we determined the oEVs and uEVs size and protein concentration in pregnant sows by artificial insemination (AI-sows) and in non-inseminated sows as control (C-sows). We also identified the main proteins in oEVs and uEVs, in AI-F1, AI-F2, AI-F3, and C-sows. Our results indicated that although the size of EVs is similar between AI- and C-sows, the protein concentration of both oEVs and uEVs was significantly lower in AI-sows (p < 0.05). Proteomic analysis identified 38 unique proteins in oEVs from AI-sows, mainly involved in protein stabilization, glycolytic and carbohydrate processes. The uEVs from AI-sows showed the presence of 43 unique proteins, including already-known fertility-related proteins (EZR, HSPAA901, PDS). We also demonstrated that the protein composition of oEVs and uEVs differed depending on the seminal fraction(s) inseminated (F1, F2, or F3). In conclusion, we found specific protein cargo in oEVs and uEVs according to the type of semen fraction the sow was inseminated with and whose functions these specific EVs proteins are closely associated with reproductive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Toledo-Guardiola
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Excelencia Mare Nostrum Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - C. Luongo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Excelencia Mare Nostrum Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - L. Abril-Parreño
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Excelencia Mare Nostrum Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - C. Soriano-Úbeda
- Departamento de Medicina, Cirugía y Anatomía Veterinaria, Universidad de Léon, León, Spain
| | - C. Matás
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Excelencia Mare Nostrum Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Pascual Parrilla (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
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12
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Yost PP, Al-Nouman A, Curtiss J. The Rap1 small GTPase affects cell fate or survival and morphogenetic patterning during Drosophila melanogaster eye development. Differentiation 2023; 133:12-24. [PMID: 37437447 PMCID: PMC10528170 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The Drosophila melanogaster eye has been instrumental for determining both how cells communicate with one another to determine cell fate, as well as cell morphogenesis and patterning. Here, we describe the effects of the small GTPase Rap1 on the development of multiple cell types in the D. melanogaster eye. Although Rap1 has previously been linked to RTK-Ras-MAPK signaling in eye development, we demonstrate that manipulation of Rap1 activity is modified by increase or decrease of Delta/Notch signaling during several events of cell fate specification in eye development. In addition, we demonstrate that manipulating Rap1 function either in primary pigment cells or in interommatidial cells affects cone cell contact switching, primary pigment cell enwrapment of the ommatidial cluster, and sorting of secondary and tertiary pigment cells. These data suggest that Rap1 has roles in both ommatidial cell recruitment/survival and in ommatidial morphogenesis in the pupal stage. They lay groundwork for future experiments on the role of Rap1 in these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip P Yost
- New Mexico State University, 1780 E University Ave, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Curtiss
- New Mexico State University, 1780 E University Ave, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA.
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13
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Hiremath C, Gao L, Geshow K, Patterson Q, Barlow H, Cleaver O, Marciano DK. Rap1 regulates lumen continuity via Afadin in renal epithelia. Dev Biol 2023; 501:20-27. [PMID: 37276970 PMCID: PMC10460627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The continuity of a lumen within an epithelial tubule is critical for its function. We previously found that the F-actin binding protein Afadin is required for timely lumen formation and continuity in renal tubules formed from the nephrogenic mesenchyme in mice. Afadin is a known effector and interactor of the small GTPase Rap1, and in the current study, we examine the role of Rap1 in nephron tubulogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that Rap1 is required for nascent lumen formation and continuity in cultured 3D epithelial spheroids and in vivo in murine renal epithelial tubules derived from the nephrogenic mesenchyme, where its absence ultimately leads to severe morphogenetic defects in the tubules. By contrast, Rap1 is not required for lumen continuity or morphogenesis in renal tubules derived from the ureteric epithelium, which differ in that they form by extension from a pre-existing tubule. We further demonstrate that Rap1 is required for correct localization of Afadin to adherens junctions both in vitro and in vivo. Together, these results suggest a model in which Rap1 localizes Afadin to junctional complexes, which in turn regulates nascent lumen formation and positioning to ensure continuous tubulogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitkale Hiremath
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Kenya Geshow
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Quinten Patterson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Haley Barlow
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Denise K Marciano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA.
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14
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Wei Z, Xia K, Zhou B, Zheng D, Guo W. Zyxin Inhibits the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Osteosarcoma via Rap1-Mediated Inhibition of the MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2314. [PMID: 37626810 PMCID: PMC10452081 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Zyxin (ZYX) is an actin-interacting protein with unknown biological functions in patients with osteosarcoma. This research sought to understand how ZYX affects the biological behavior of osteosarcoma cells and to identify the associated mechanism. Firstly, ZYX expression was decreased in osteosarcoma, and its higher expression indicated better outcomes in patients with osteosarcoma. ZYX overexpression significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells, whereas ZYX silencing resulted in the opposite trend. Subsequently, we found that the Rap1 signaling pathway was significantly correlated with ZYX expression as reported in The Cancer Genome Atlas's database using bioinformatic analysis. Moreover, we found that ZYX overexpression regulated the Rap1/MEK/ERK axis, and osteosarcoma cell growth, migration, and invasion were consequently restrained. Additionally, by administering tumor cells subcutaneously to nude mice, a mouse model of transplanted tumors was created. Compared to the control group, the ZYX overexpression group's tumors were lighter and smaller, and the ZYX/Rap1 axis was activated in the ZYX overexpression group. Taken together, our results suggest that ZYX inhibits osteosarcoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by regulating the Rap1/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. ZYX might be crucial in the clinical management of osteosarcoma and is a promising novel therapeutic target in patients with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhun Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Kezhou Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Ezhou Central Hospital, Ezhou 436000, China
| | - Di Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Weichun Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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15
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Huang H, Hou J, Liao Y, Wei F, Xing B. Polyethylene microplastics impede the innate immune response by disrupting the extracellular matrix and signaling transduction. iScience 2023; 26:107390. [PMID: 37554443 PMCID: PMC10405319 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) can accumulate in animal organs. Numerous studies have linked MPs with immune system. However, the impact of MPs on immune response remains unclear. This study examined the innate immune response of mice exposed to 5 μm MPs. In the lipopolysaccharide challenge, mice treated with MPs exhibited lower levels of serum immune factors and activated immune cells. MPs disrupted immune-related receptors and cause dysfunction in cell signal transduction within the liver and spleen. Proteomic analysis revealed that MPs impede the activation of serum immune-related signals. In addition, the tissue section imaging exhibited a significant enrichment of MPs in the extracellular matrix (ECM), consistent with the ECM dysfunction and immune receptor suppression. Therefore, our data suggest excessive MPs accumulation in ECM inhibits cell signaling pathways, thereby suppressing the activation of immune responses. We propose the biotoxicity of MPs is partly through the MP disruption of ECM (MPDEM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Huang
- School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiaqi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yilie Liao
- School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fangchao Wei
- School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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16
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Moccia F, Fiorio Pla A, Lim D, Lodola F, Gerbino A. Intracellular Ca 2+ signalling: unexpected new roles for the usual suspect. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1210085. [PMID: 37576340 PMCID: PMC10413985 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1210085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic Ca2+ signals are organized in complex spatial and temporal patterns that underlie their unique ability to regulate multiple cellular functions. Changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) are finely tuned by the concerted interaction of membrane receptors and ion channels that introduce Ca2+ into the cytosol, Ca2+-dependent sensors and effectors that translate the elevation in [Ca2+]i into a biological output, and Ca2+-clearing mechanisms that return the [Ca2+]i to pre-stimulation levels and prevent cytotoxic Ca2+ overload. The assortment of the Ca2+ handling machinery varies among different cell types to generate intracellular Ca2+ signals that are selectively tailored to subserve specific functions. The advent of novel high-speed, 2D and 3D time-lapse imaging techniques, single-wavelength and genetic Ca2+ indicators, as well as the development of novel genetic engineering tools to manipulate single cells and whole animals, has shed novel light on the regulation of cellular activity by the Ca2+ handling machinery. A symposium organized within the framework of the 72nd Annual Meeting of the Italian Society of Physiology, held in Bari on 14-16th September 2022, has recently addressed many of the unexpected mechanisms whereby intracellular Ca2+ signalling regulates cellular fate in healthy and disease states. Herein, we present a report of this symposium, in which the following emerging topics were discussed: 1) Regulation of water reabsorption in the kidney by lysosomal Ca2+ release through Transient Receptor Potential Mucolipin 1 (TRPML1); 2) Endoplasmic reticulum-to-mitochondria Ca2+ transfer in Alzheimer's disease-related astroglial dysfunction; 3) The non-canonical role of TRP Melastatin 8 (TRPM8) as a Rap1A inhibitor in the definition of some cancer hallmarks; and 4) Non-genetic optical stimulation of Ca2+ signals in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Moccia
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Dmitry Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Lodola
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Gerbino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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17
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Nakamura M, Parkhurst SM. Wound repair: Two distinct Rap1 pathways close the gap. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R724-R726. [PMID: 37433275 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Groups of cells often coordinate their movements during normal development, cancer invasion, and wound repair. These coordinated migrations require dynamic cytoskeleton and cell-junction remodeling. Two distinct Rap1 pathways are required to regulate this dynamic remodeling for rapid wound closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutoshi Nakamura
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Susan M Parkhurst
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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18
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Sharma GP, Kosuru R, Lakshmikanthan S, Zheng S, Chen Y, Burns R, Xin G, Cui W, Chrzanowska M. Endothelial Rap1B mediates T-cell exclusion to promote tumor growth: a novel mechanism underlying vascular immunosuppression. Angiogenesis 2023; 26:265-278. [PMID: 36403190 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-022-09862-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Overcoming vascular immunosuppression: lack of endothelial cell (EC) responsiveness to inflammatory stimuli in the proangiogenic environment of tumors, is essential for successful cancer immunotherapy. The mechanisms through which Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A(VEGF-A) modulates tumor EC response to exclude T-cells are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that EC-specific deletion of small GTPase Rap1B, previously implicated in normal angiogenesis, restricts tumor growth in endothelial-specific Rap1B-knockout (Rap1BiΔEC) mice. EC-specific Rap1B deletion inhibits angiogenesis, but also leads to an altered tumor microenvironment with increased recruitment of leukocytes and increased activity of tumor CD8+ T-cells. Depletion of CD8+ T-cells restored tumor growth in Rap1BiΔEC mice. Mechanistically, global transcriptome and functional analyses indicated upregulation of signaling by a tumor cytokine, TNF-α, and increased NF-κB transcription in Rap1B-deficient ECs. Rap1B-deficiency led to elevated proinflammatory chemokine and Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs) expression in TNF-α stimulated ECs. Importantly, CAM expression was elevated in tumor ECs from Rap1BiΔEC mice. Significantly, Rap1B deletion prevented VEGF-A-induced immunosuppressive downregulation of CAM expression, demonstrating that Rap1B is essential for VEGF-A-suppressive signaling. Thus, our studies identify a novel endothelial-endogenous mechanism underlying VEGF-A-dependent desensitization of EC to proinflammatory stimuli. Significantly, they identify EC Rap1B as a potential novel vascular target in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramoji Kosuru
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-2178, USA
| | | | - Shikan Zheng
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-2178, USA
| | - Yao Chen
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-2178, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Robert Burns
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-2178, USA
| | - Gang Xin
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-2178, USA
| | - Weiguo Cui
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-2178, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Magdalena Chrzanowska
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-2178, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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19
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Ramsey A, Akana L, Miyajima E, Douglas S, Gray J, Rowland A, Sharma KD, Xu J, Xie JY, Zhou GL. CAP1 (cyclase-associated protein 1) mediates the cyclic AMP signals that activate Rap1 in stimulating matrix adhesion of colon cancer cells. Cell Signal 2023; 104:110589. [PMID: 36621727 PMCID: PMC9908859 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that CAP1 (Cyclase-Associated Protein 1) regulates matrix adhesion in mammalian cells through FAK (Focal Adhesion Kinase). More recently, we discovered a phosphor-regulation mechanism for CAP1 through the Ser307/Ser309 tandem site that is of critical importance for all CAP1 functions. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the CAP1 function in adhesion and its regulation remain largely unknown. Here we report that Rap1 also facilitates the CAP1 function in adhesion, and more importantly, we identify a novel signaling pathway where CAP1 mediates the cAMP signals, through the cAMP effectors Epac (Exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP) and PKA (Protein Kinase A), to activate Rap1 in stimulating matrix adhesion in colon cancer cells. Knockdown of CAP1 led to opposite adhesion phenotypes in SW480 and HCT116 colon cancer cells, with reduced matrix adhesion and reduced FAK and Rap1 activities in SW480 cells while it stimulated matrix adhesion as well as FAK and Rap1 activities in HCT116 cells. Importantly, depletion of CAP1 abolished the stimulatory effects of the cAMP activators forskolin and isoproterenol, as well as that of Epac and PKA, on matrix adhesion in both cell types. Our results consistently support a required role for CAP1 in the cAMP activation of Rap1. Identification of the key role for CAP1 in linking the major second messenger cAMP to activation of Rap1 in stimulating adhesion, which may potentially also regulate proliferation in other cell types, not only vertically extends our knowledge on CAP biology, but also carries important translational potential for targeting CAP1 in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auburn Ramsey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467, USA
| | - Lokesh Akana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467, USA
| | - Erina Miyajima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467, USA
| | - Spencer Douglas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467, USA
| | - Joshua Gray
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467, USA
| | - Alyssa Rowland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467, USA
| | - Krishna Deo Sharma
- Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467, USA; Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA; College of Agriculture, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467, USA
| | - Jennifer Y Xie
- Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467, USA; Department of Basic Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine at Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA
| | - Guo-Lei Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467, USA; Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467, USA.
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20
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Woldmar N, Schwendenwein A, Kuras M, Szeitz B, Boettiger K, Tisza A, László V, Reiniger L, Bagó AG, Szállási Z, Moldvay J, Szász AM, Malm J, Horvatovich P, Pizzatti L, Domont GB, Rényi-Vámos F, Hoetzenecker K, Hoda MA, Marko-Varga G, Schelch K, Megyesfalvi Z, Rezeli M, Döme B. Proteomic analysis of brain metastatic lung adenocarcinoma reveals intertumoral heterogeneity and specific alterations associated with the timing of brain metastases. ESMO Open 2023; 8:100741. [PMID: 36527824 PMCID: PMC10024110 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain metastases are associated with considerable negative effects on patients' outcome in lung adenocarcinoma (LADC). Here, we investigated the proteomic landscape of primary LADCs and their corresponding brain metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Proteomic profiling was conducted on 20 surgically resected primary and brain metastatic LADC samples via label-free shotgun proteomics. After sample processing, peptides were analyzed using an Ultimate 3000 pump coupled to a QExactive HF-X mass spectrometer. Raw data were searched using PD 2.4. Further data analyses were carried out using Perseus, RStudio and GraphPad Prism. Proteomic data were correlated with clinical and histopathological parameters and the timing of brain metastases. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD027259. RESULTS Out of the 6821 proteins identified and quantified, 1496 proteins were differentially expressed between primary LADCs and corresponding brain metastases. Pathways associated with the immune system, cell-cell/matrix interactions and migration were predominantly activated in the primary tumors, whereas pathways related to metabolism, translation or vesicle formation were overrepresented in the metastatic tumors. When comparing fast- versus slow-progressing patients, we found 454 and 298 differentially expressed proteins in the primary tumors and brain metastases, respectively. Metabolic reprogramming and ribosomal activity were prominently up-regulated in the fast-progressing patients (versus slow-progressing individuals), whereas expression of cell-cell interaction- and immune system-related pathways was reduced in these patients and in those with multiple brain metastases. CONCLUSIONS This is the first comprehensive proteomic analysis of paired primary tumors and brain metastases of LADC patients. Our data suggest a malfunction of cellular attachment and an increase in ribosomal activity in LADC tissue, promoting brain metastasis. The current study provides insights into the biology of LADC brain metastases and, moreover, might contribute to the development of personalized follow-up strategies in LADC.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Woldmar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Proteomics of Blood/LADETEC, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A Schwendenwein
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Kuras
- Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
| | - B Szeitz
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - K Boettiger
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Tisza
- National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - V László
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - L Reiniger
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, MTA-SE NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - A G Bagó
- Department of Neurooncology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Z Szállási
- Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, MTA-SE NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Moldvay
- National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, MTA-SE NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - A M Szász
- National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - J Malm
- Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
| | - P Horvatovich
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L Pizzatti
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Proteomics of Blood/LADETEC, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G B Domont
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F Rényi-Vámos
- National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - K Hoetzenecker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M A Hoda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - G Marko-Varga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - K Schelch
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Z Megyesfalvi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M Rezeli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - B Döme
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden; National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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21
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Zhang T, Hu R, Wang Y, Guo S, Wu Z, Liu J, Han C, Qiu C, Deng G. Extracellular matrix stiffness mediates uterine repair via the Rap1a/ARHGAP35/RhoA/F-actin/YAP axis. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:22. [PMID: 36691027 PMCID: PMC9869517 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-01018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The integrity of the structure and function of the endometrium is essential for the maintenance of fertility. However, the repair mechanisms of uterine injury remain largely unknown. Here, we showed that the disturbance of mechanical cue homeostasis occurs after uterine injury. Applying a multimodal approach, we identified YAP as a sensor of biophysical forces that drives endometrial regeneration. Through protein activation level analysis of the combinatorial space of mechanical force strength and of the presence of particular kinase inhibitors and gene silencing reagents, we demonstrated that mechanical cues related to extracellular matrix rigidity can turn off the Rap1a switch, leading to the inactivation of ARHGAP35and then induced activation of RhoA, which in turn depends on the polymerization of the agonist protein F-actin to activate YAP. Further study confirmed that mechanotransduction significantly accelerates remodeling of the uterus by promoting the proliferation of endometrial stromal cells in vitro and in vivo. These studies provide new insights into the dynamic regulatory mechanisms behind uterine remodeling and the function of mechanotransduction. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruiting Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyang Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Changwei Qiu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ganzhen Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Zhai Y, Shi Q, Chu Q, Chen F, Feng Y, Zhang Z, Qi X, Arends D, Brockmann GA, Wang E, Lyu S. miRNA profiling in intrauterine exosomes of pregnant cattle on day 7. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1078394. [PMID: 36605764 PMCID: PMC9810022 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1078394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine exosomes have been identified to be involved in the embryo development and implantation. The aim of this study was to explore the role of miRNAs in intrauterine exosomes in bovine pregnancy. Intrauterine exosomes were collected from uterine flushing fluids of three donor and three recipient Xianan cows 7 days after fertilization. Intrauterine exosomes miRNAs were extracted and the exosomal miRNAs expression levels were analyzed. Sixty miRNAs differed significantly in their amounts between donors and recipients (p-value < 0.05, |log2(FoldChange)| > 1). Twenty-two miRNAs were upregulated and 38 downregulated in the group of donor cows. The bta-miR-184 was the most significant (P Benjamini-Hochberg < 0.001). A total of 9,775 target genes were predicted using the 60 miRNAs. GO and KEGG analysis showed that the target genes were enriched in several biological processes or pathways associated with embryo implantation and endometrial development, such as cell adhesion, cell junction, focal adhesion, and Rap1 signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that, in cattle early pregnancy stage, these differently expressed miRNAs in intrauterine exosomes involved in embryo implantation and endometrial development, which may exert a significant effect and influence the uterine microenvironment for embryo implantation. These results could provide reference for screening and exploring the intrauterine exosomal miRNA affecting embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaying Zhai
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiaoting Shi
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiuxia Chu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fuying Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yajie Feng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zijing Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xinglei Qi
- Center of Animal Husbandry Technical Service in Biyang, Zhumadian, China
| | - Danny Arends
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Gudrun A. Brockmann
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eryao Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,*Correspondence: Eryao Wang ✉
| | - Shijie Lyu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,Shijie Lyu ✉
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23
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Kim JY, Rhim WK, Cha SG, Woo J, Lee JY, Park CG, Han DK. Bolstering the secretion and bioactivities of umbilical cord MSC-derived extracellular vesicles with 3D culture and priming in chemically defined media. NANO CONVERGENCE 2022; 9:57. [PMID: 36534191 PMCID: PMC9761620 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-022-00349-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been known to possess the features of the origin cell with nano size and have shown therapeutic potentials for regenerative medicine in recent studies as alternatives for cell-based therapies. However, extremely low production yield, unknown effects derived from serum impurities, and relatively low bioactivities on doses must be overcome for translational applications. As several reports have demonstrated the tunability of secretion and bioactivities of EVs, herein, we introduced three-dimensional (3D) culture and cell priming approaches for MSCs in serum-free chemically defined media to exclude side effects from serum-derived impurities. Aggregates (spheroids) with 3D culture dramatically enhanced secretion of EVs about 6.7 times more than cells with two-dimensional (2D) culture, and altered surface compositions. Further modulation with cell priming with the combination of TNF-α and IFN-γ (TI) facilitated the production of EVs about 1.4 times more than cells without priming (9.4 times more than cells with 2D culture without priming), and bioactivities of EVs related to tissue regenerations. Interestingly, unlike changing 2D to 3D culture, TI priming altered internal cytokines of MSC-derived EVs. Through simulating characteristics of EVs with bioinformatics analysis, the regeneration-relative properties such as angiogenesis, wound healing, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and anti-fibrosis, for three different types of EVs were comparatively analyzed using cell-based assays. The present study demonstrated that a combinatory strategy, 3D cultures and priming MSCs in chemically defined media, provided the optimum environments to maximize secretion and regeneration-related bioactivities of MSC-derived EVs without impurities for future translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Intelligent Precision of Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyu Rhim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Gyu Cha
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Woo
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Youn Lee
- Xcell Therapeutics, 333, Yeongdong-daero, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06188, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Gwon Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Intelligent Precision of Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Keun Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Perez-Vale KZ, Yow KD, Gurley NJ, Greene M, Peifer M. Rap1 regulates apical contractility to allow embryonic morphogenesis without tissue disruption and acts in part via Canoe-independent mechanisms. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 34:ar7. [PMID: 36287827 PMCID: PMC9816648 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-05-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic morphogenesis is powered by dramatic changes in cell shape and arrangement driven by the cytoskeleton and its connections to adherens junctions. This requires robust linkage allowing morphogenesis without disrupting tissue integrity. The small GTPase Rap1 is a key regulator of cell adhesion, controlling both cadherin-mediated and integrin-mediated processes. We have defined multiple roles in morphogenesis for one Rap1 effector, Canoe/Afadin, which ensures robust junction-cytoskeletal linkage. We now ask what mechanisms regulate Canoe and other junction-cytoskeletal linkers during Drosophila morphogenesis, defining roles for Rap1 and one of its guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) regulators, Dizzy. Rap1 uses Canoe as one effector, regulating junctional planar polarity. However, Rap1 has additional roles in junctional protein localization and balanced apical constriction-in its absence, Bazooka/Par3 localization is fragmented, and cells next to mitotic cells apically constrict and invaginate, disrupting epidermal integrity. In contrast, the GEF Dizzy has phenotypes similar to but slightly less severe than Canoe loss, suggesting that this GEF regulates Rap1 action via Canoe. Taken together, these data reveal that Rap1 is a crucial regulator of morphogenesis, likely acting in parallel via Canoe and other effectors, and that different Rap1 GEFs regulate distinct functions of Rap1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kia Z. Perez-Vale
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Kristi D. Yow
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280
| | - Noah J. Gurley
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280
| | - Melissa Greene
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280
| | - Mark Peifer
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599,Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280,*Address correspondence to: Mark Peifer ()
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25
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Genome-wide identification and characterization of DNA enhancers with a stacked multivariate fusion framework. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010779. [PMID: 36520922 PMCID: PMC9836277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancers are short non-coding DNA sequences outside of the target promoter regions that can be bound by specific proteins to increase a gene's transcriptional activity, which has a crucial role in the spatiotemporal and quantitative regulation of gene expression. However, enhancers do not have a specific sequence motifs or structures, and their scattered distribution in the genome makes the identification of enhancers from human cell lines particularly challenging. Here we present a novel, stacked multivariate fusion framework called SMFM, which enables a comprehensive identification and analysis of enhancers from regulatory DNA sequences as well as their interpretation. Specifically, to characterize the hierarchical relationships of enhancer sequences, multi-source biological information and dynamic semantic information are fused to represent regulatory DNA enhancer sequences. Then, we implement a deep learning-based sequence network to learn the feature representation of the enhancer sequences comprehensively and to extract the implicit relationships in the dynamic semantic information. Ultimately, an ensemble machine learning classifier is trained based on the refined multi-source features and dynamic implicit relations obtained from the deep learning-based sequence network. Benchmarking experiments demonstrated that SMFM significantly outperforms other existing methods using several evaluation metrics. In addition, an independent test set was used to validate the generalization performance of SMFM by comparing it to other state-of-the-art enhancer identification methods. Moreover, we performed motif analysis based on the contribution scores of different bases of enhancer sequences to the final identification results. Besides, we conducted interpretability analysis of the identified enhancer sequences based on attention weights of EnhancerBERT, a fine-tuned BERT model that provides new insights into exploring the gene semantic information likely to underlie the discovered enhancers in an interpretable manner. Finally, in a human placenta study with 4,562 active distal gene regulatory enhancers, SMFM successfully exposed tissue-related placental development and the differential mechanism, demonstrating the generalizability and stability of our proposed framework.
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26
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Zhao Q, Bai J, Chen Y, Liu X, Zhao S, Ling G, Jia S, Zhai F, Xiang R. An optimized herbal combination for the treatment of liver fibrosis: Hub genes, bioactive ingredients, and molecular mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 297:115567. [PMID: 35870684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Liver fibrosis is a chronic liver disease that can lead to cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and it is associated with long-term adverse outcomes and mortality. As a primary resource for complementary and alternative medicine, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has accumulated a large number of effective formulas for the treatment of liver fibrosis in clinical practice. However, studies on how to systematically optimize TCM formulas are still lacking. AIM OF THE REVIEW To provide a methodological reference for the systematic optimization of TCM formulae against liver fibrosis and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms; To provide an efficient method for searching for lead compounds from natural sources and developing from herbal medicines; To enable clinicians and patients to make more reasonable choices and promote the effective treatment toward those patients with liver fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS TCM formulas related to treating liver fibrosis were collected from the Web of Science, PubMed, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan Fang, and the Chinese Scientific Journals Database (VIP). Furthermore, the TCM compatibility patterns were mined using association analysis. The core TCM combinations were found by designing an optimized formulas algorithm. Finally, the hub target proteins, potential molecular mechanisms, and active compounds were explored through integrative pharmacology and docking-based inverse virtual screening (IVS) approaches. RESULTS We found that the herbs for reinforcing deficiency, activating blood, removing blood stasis, and clearing heat were the basis of TCM formulae patterns. Furthermore, the combination of Salviae Miltiorrhizae (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge; Chinese salvia/Danshen), Astragali Radix (Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge; Astragalus/Huangqi), and Radix Bupleuri (Bupleurum chinense DC.; Bupleurum/Chaihu) was identified as core groups. A total of six targets (TNF, STAT3, EGFR, IL2, ICAM1, PTGS2) play a pivotal role in TCM-mediated liver fibrosis inhibition. (-)-Cryptotanshinone, Tanshinaldehyde, Ononin, Thymol, Daidzein, and Formononetin were identified as active compounds in TCM. And mechanistically, TCM could affect the development of liver fibrosis by regulating inflammation, immunity, angiogenesis, antioxidants, and involvement in TNF, MicroRNAs, Jak-STAT, NF-kappa B, and C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) signaling pathways. Molecular docking results showed that key components had good potential to bind to the target genes. CONCLUSION In summary, this study provides a methodological reference for the systematic optimization of TCM formulae and exploration of underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Jinwei Bai
- School of Medical Equipment, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Yiwei Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Xin Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Shangfeng Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Guixia Ling
- School of Medical Equipment, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Shubing Jia
- Faculty of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Fei Zhai
- School of Medical Equipment, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Rongwu Xiang
- School of Medical Equipment, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Liaoning Professional Technology Innovation Center on Medical Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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27
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Differentially Expressed microRNAs in Peritoneal Dialysis Effluent-Derived Exosomes from the Patients with Ultrafiltration Failure. Genet Res (Camb) 2022; 2022:2276175. [PMID: 36101746 PMCID: PMC9452989 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2276175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ultrafiltration failure remains one of the most severe complications of long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD), which results in death. This study aimed to characterize the circulating exosomal microRNA (miRNA) profiles associated with ultrafiltration failure and explore its underlying mechanisms. Methods Exosomes were isolated from the peritoneal dialysis effluent (PDE) of patients with ultrafiltration failure or success using the ultracentrifugation method, and then transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and western blot were used for exosome characterization. After that, the isolated exosomes were sent for small RNA sequencing, and eight differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) were chosen for RT-qPCR validation. Results TEM, NTA, and western blot revealed that exosomes were successfully isolated. After sequencing, 70 DE-miRNAs involved in ultrafiltration were identified, including 41 upregulated ones and 29 downregulated ones. Functional analyses revealed that these DE-miRNAs were significantly enriched in pathways of cancer, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, axon orientation, and the Rap1 and Ras signaling pathways. In addition, the consistency rate of RT-qPCR and sequencing results was 75%, which indicated the relatively high reliability of the sequencing data. Conclusions Our findings implied that these DE-miRNAs may be potential biomarkers of ultrafiltration failure, which would help us to discover novel therapeutic targets/pathways for ultrafiltration failure in patients with end-stage renal disease.
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Chen T, Peng Y, Hu W, Shi H, Li P, Que Y, Qiu J, Qiu X, Gao B, Zhou H, Chen Y, Zhu Y, Li S, Liang A, Gao W, Huang D. Irisin enhances chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells via Rap1/PI3K/AKT axis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:392. [PMID: 35922833 PMCID: PMC9351134 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03092-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have been proven to have inherent chondrogenic differentiation potential, which appears to be used in cartilage regeneration. Increasing evidence suggests that irisin enhances osteoblast differentiation of MSCs, but little is known about its potential on chondrogenic differentiation. Methods In the study, we investigated the effects of irisin on chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs using a high-density pellet culture system. The cartilage pellets were evaluated by morphology, and the metabolism of cartilage matrix was detected by qPCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. Next, RNA-seq was performed to explore the underlying mechanism. Furthermore, using the transduction of plasmid, miRNAs mimics and inhibitor, the activation of Rap1/PI3K/AKT axis, the expression level of SIPA1L2, and the functional verification of miR-125b-5p were detected on day 7 of chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Results Compared with the controls, we found that irisin treatment could significantly enhance the chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs, enlarge the induced-cartilage tissue and up-regulate the expression levels of cartilage markers. RNA-seq indicated that irisin activated the Rap1 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and the lower expression level of SIPA1L2 and the higher expression level of miR-125b-5p were found in irisin-treated group. Further, we found that irisin treatment could up-regulate the expression level of miR-125b-5p, targeting SIPA1L2 and consequently activating the Rap1/PI3K/AKT axis on the process of chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Conclusions Collectively, our study reveals that irisin can enhance chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs via the Rap1/PI3K/AKT pathway, suggesting that irisin possesses prospects in cartilage regeneration. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03092-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiqiu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, #107 West Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, #107 West Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjun Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, #107 West Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huihong Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, #107 West Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, #107 West Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yichen Que
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, #107 West Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jincheng Qiu
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, #107 West Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianjian Qiu
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, #107 West Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, #107 West Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, #107 West Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanbo Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, #107 West Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanxin Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, #107 West Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaoguang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, #107 West Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Anjing Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, #107 West Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjie Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, #107 West Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Dongsheng Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, #107 West Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Khor ES, Noor SM, Wong PF. MiR-107 inhibits the sprouting of intersegmental vessels of zebrafish embryos. PROTOPLASMA 2022; 259:691-702. [PMID: 34368895 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01695-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in various biological processes. Our previous study showed that inhibition of MTOR with rapamycin treatment suppressed human endothelial cell tube formation, concomitant with the down-regulation of miR-107. Similarly, inhibition of Ztor by rapamycin also suppressed vascular development in zebrafish embryos. To gain a better understanding of the role of miR-107 and MTOR in vascular development, the present study sought to validate its function by over-expressing miR-107 in zebrafish embryos via microinjection with mimic miR-107 duplexes. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining was used to visualise blood vessels in the zebrafish embryo, and expressions of Pten, Ztor and Rap1 were investigated by immunoblotting. Over-expression of miR-107 in zebrafish embryos inhibited the sprouting of intersegmental vessels (ISVs) with concomitant down-regulation of phosphorylated Rps6 expression, which confirmed the inhibition of Ztor signalling. As expected, pten, which is the target of miR-107, was down-regulated. Interestingly, Rap1, a small GTPase protein that is involved in intersomitic vessels sprouting during angiogenesis, was also down-regulated when miR-107 was over-expressed. Overall, our findings suggest that miR-107 and Ztor-mediated suppression of vascular development in zebrafish embryo involves Rap1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eng-Soon Khor
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzita Mohd Noor
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pooi-Fong Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Chinigò G, Grolez GP, Audero M, Bokhobza A, Bernardini M, Cicero J, Toillon RA, Bailleul Q, Visentin L, Ruffinatti FA, Brysbaert G, Lensink MF, De Ruyck J, Cantelmo AR, Fiorio Pla A, Gkika D. TRPM8-Rap1A Interaction Sites as Critical Determinants for Adhesion and Migration of Prostate and Other Epithelial Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2261. [PMID: 35565390 PMCID: PMC9102551 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that the TRPM8 channel plays an important role in prostate cancer (PCa) progression, by impairing the motility of these cancer cells. Here, we reveal a novel facet of PCa motility control via direct protein-protein interaction (PPI) of the channel with the small GTPase Rap1A. The functional interaction of the two proteins was assessed by active Rap1 pull-down assays and live-cell imaging experiments. Molecular modeling analysis allowed the identification of four putative residues involved in TRPM8-Rap1A interaction. Point mutations of these sites impaired PPI as shown by GST-pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation, and PLA experiments and revealed their key functional role in the adhesion and migration of PC3 prostate cancer cells. More precisely, TRPM8 inhibits cell migration and adhesion by trapping Rap1A in its GDP-bound inactive form, thus preventing its activation at the plasma membrane. In particular, residues E207 and Y240 in the sequence of TRPM8 and Y32 in that of Rap1A are critical for the interaction between the two proteins not only in PC3 cells but also in cervical (HeLa) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cells. This study deepens our knowledge of the mechanism through which TRPM8 would exert a protective role in cancer progression and provides new insights into the possible use of TRPM8 as a new therapeutic target in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Chinigò
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy; (G.C.); (M.A.); (M.B.); (L.V.); (F.A.R.); (A.F.P.)
- INSERM, U1003—PHYCEL—Physiologie Cellulaire, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (G.P.G.); (A.B.); (Q.B.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Guillaume P. Grolez
- INSERM, U1003—PHYCEL—Physiologie Cellulaire, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (G.P.G.); (A.B.); (Q.B.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Madelaine Audero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy; (G.C.); (M.A.); (M.B.); (L.V.); (F.A.R.); (A.F.P.)
- INSERM, U1003—PHYCEL—Physiologie Cellulaire, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (G.P.G.); (A.B.); (Q.B.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Alexandre Bokhobza
- INSERM, U1003—PHYCEL—Physiologie Cellulaire, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (G.P.G.); (A.B.); (Q.B.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Michela Bernardini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy; (G.C.); (M.A.); (M.B.); (L.V.); (F.A.R.); (A.F.P.)
| | - Julien Cicero
- CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Centre Oscar Lambret, UMR 9020-UMR 1277-Canther-Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (J.C.); (R.-A.T.)
- UR 2465—Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), University of Artois, F-62300 Lens, France
| | - Robert-Alain Toillon
- CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Centre Oscar Lambret, UMR 9020-UMR 1277-Canther-Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (J.C.); (R.-A.T.)
| | - Quentin Bailleul
- INSERM, U1003—PHYCEL—Physiologie Cellulaire, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (G.P.G.); (A.B.); (Q.B.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Luca Visentin
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy; (G.C.); (M.A.); (M.B.); (L.V.); (F.A.R.); (A.F.P.)
| | - Federico Alessandro Ruffinatti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy; (G.C.); (M.A.); (M.B.); (L.V.); (F.A.R.); (A.F.P.)
| | - Guillaume Brysbaert
- CNRS UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (G.B.); (M.F.L.); (J.D.R.)
| | - Marc F. Lensink
- CNRS UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (G.B.); (M.F.L.); (J.D.R.)
| | - Jerome De Ruyck
- CNRS UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (G.B.); (M.F.L.); (J.D.R.)
| | - Anna Rita Cantelmo
- INSERM, U1003—PHYCEL—Physiologie Cellulaire, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (G.P.G.); (A.B.); (Q.B.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Alessandra Fiorio Pla
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy; (G.C.); (M.A.); (M.B.); (L.V.); (F.A.R.); (A.F.P.)
- INSERM, U1003—PHYCEL—Physiologie Cellulaire, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (G.P.G.); (A.B.); (Q.B.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Dimitra Gkika
- CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Centre Oscar Lambret, UMR 9020-UMR 1277-Canther-Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (J.C.); (R.-A.T.)
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75231 Paris, France
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Gonsioroski A, Plewa MJ, Flaws JA. Effects of prenatal and lactational exposure to iodoacetic acid on the F1 generation of mice†. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:650-663. [PMID: 35470848 PMCID: PMC9382386 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Water disinfection can generate water disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Iodoacetic acid (IAA) is one DBP, and it has been shown to be an ovarian toxicant in vitro and in vivo. However, it is unknown if prenatal and lactational exposure to IAA affects reproductive outcomes in female offspring. This study tested the hypothesis that prenatal and lactational exposure to IAA adversely affects reproductive parameters in F1 female offspring. Adult female CD-1 mice were dosed with water (control) or IAA (10, 100, and 500 mg/L) in the drinking water for 35 days and then mated with unexposed males. IAA exposure continued throughout gestation. Dams delivered naturally, and pups were continuously exposed to IAA through lactation until postnatal day (PND) 21. Female pups were euthanized on PND 21 and subjected to measurements of anogenital distance, ovarian weight, and vaginal opening. Ovaries were subjected to histological analysis. In addition, sera were collected to measure reproductive hormone levels. IAA exposure decreased vaginal opening rate, increased the absolute weight of the ovaries, increased anogenital index, and decreased the percentage of atretic follicles in female pups compared to control. IAA exposure caused a borderline decrease in the levels of progesterone and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and increased levels of testosterone in female pups compared to control. Collectively, these data show that prenatal and lactational exposure to IAA in drinking water affects vaginal opening, anogenital index, the weight of the ovaries, the percentage of atretic follicles, and hormone levels in the F1 generation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Gonsioroski
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael J Plewa
- Department of Crop Sciences and the Safe Global Water Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Correspondence: Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, 2001 S. Lincoln Ave., Urbana, 61802, IL, USA. E-mail:
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Knockdown of CDR1as Decreases Differentiation of Goat Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells via Upregulating miR-27a-3p to Inhibit ANGPT1. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040663. [PMID: 35456469 PMCID: PMC9026999 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Myogenesis is a complex process controlled by several coding and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as circular RNAs (circRNAs) that are known to function as endogenous microRNAs (miRNAs) sponges. Cerebellar Degeneration-Related protein 1 antisense (CDR1as) is the most spotlighted circRNA that is known as an miR-7 sponge, which has bloomed circRNAs’ research in animal disease and physiology. Here, we screened for miRNAs and mRNA associated with CDR1as and further characterized their regulatory function during muscle differentiation. We found that a total of 43 miRNAs (including miR-107-3p, miR-125b-5p, miR-140-5p, miR-29a-3p, and miR-27a-3p upregulated) and 789 mRNAs (including ANGPT1, E2F2, CCN1, FGFR1, and MEF2C downregulated) were differentially expressed in goat skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSCs). Further, knockdown of CDR1as and ANGPT1 inhibited SMSCs differentiation. miR-27a-3p was differentially upregulated after the knockdown of CDR1as in SMSCs. Overexpressed miR-27a-3p decreased SMSCs differentiation. Via RNAhybrid and luciferase, miR-27a-3p was identified to regulate ANGPT1. We discovered that miR-27a-3p has an inverse relationship with CDR1as and decreases the expression level of ANGPT1 during SMSCs differentiation. In summary, our study demonstrates that siCDR1as inhibits myoblast differentiation by downregulating ANGPT1 mRNA via miR-27a-3p in SMSCs.
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Duncan ED, Han KJ, Trout MA, Prekeris R. Ubiquitylation by Rab40b/Cul5 regulates Rap2 localization and activity during cell migration. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213068. [PMID: 35293963 PMCID: PMC8931537 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202107114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is a complex process that involves coordinated changes in membrane transport and actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Ras-like small monomeric GTPases, such as Rap2, play a key role in regulating actin cytoskeleton dynamics and cell adhesions. However, how Rap2 function, localization, and activation are regulated during cell migration is not fully understood. We previously identified the small GTPase Rab40b as a regulator of breast cancer cell migration. Rab40b contains a suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) box, which facilitates binding to Cullin5, a known E3 ubiquitin ligase component responsible for protein ubiquitylation. In this study, we show that the Rab40b/Cullin5 complex ubiquitylates Rap2. Importantly, we demonstrate that ubiquitylation regulates Rap2 activation as well as recycling of Rap2 from the endolysosomal compartment to the lamellipodia of migrating breast cancer cells. Based on these data, we propose that Rab40b/Cullin5 ubiquitylates and regulates Rap2-dependent actin dynamics at the leading edge, a process that is required for breast cancer cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily D Duncan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Ke-Jun Han
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Margaret A Trout
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Rytis Prekeris
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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Zhu D, Cao Z, Pang X, Jiang W, Li C, Zhang X, Tian X, Tu H, Wu P, Nie H. Derivation of Stem Cell-like Cells From Spherical Culture of Astrocytes for Enhanced Neural Repair After Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:875514. [PMID: 35445000 PMCID: PMC9013960 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.875514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural precursor cells (NPCs) tend to aggregate and develop into three-dimensional (3D) spheres, which in turn help maintain the stemness of the cells. This close relationship between spherical environments and cell stemness direct us to assume that 3D spheres of astrocytes (ASTs) may facilitate the acquisition of stem cell-like features and generate sufficient seed cells for the regeneration of neurons. In vitro results confirmed that mouse ASTs cultured on agarose surfaces spontaneously formed cell spheres and exhibited molecular features similar to stem cells, particularly capable of further differentiating into neurons and forming functional synaptic networks with synchronous burst activities. RNA-sequencing results revealed the similarity between AST-derived stem cells (A-iSCs) and NPCs in global gene expression profiles. The potency of A-iSCs in repairing neural injuries was evaluated in a mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion. It was observed that the transplanted A-iSCs expressed a series of markers related to neural differentiation, such as NeuN, Tuj1, and Map2, indicating the conversion of the transplanted A-iSCs into neurons in the scenario. We also found that the injured mice injected with A-iSCs exhibited significant improvements in sensorimotor functions after 8 weeks compared with the sham and control mice. Taken together, mouse ASTs form cell spheres on agarose surfaces and acquire stem cell-associated features; meanwhile, the derived A-iSCs possess the capacity to differentiate into neurons and facilitate the regeneration of damaged nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheming Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyang Pang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Chihao Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xibin Tian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Haijun Tu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Hemin Nie, ; Panfeng Wu, ; Haijun Tu,
| | - Panfeng Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Hemin Nie, ; Panfeng Wu, ; Haijun Tu,
| | - Hemin Nie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Hemin Nie, ; Panfeng Wu, ; Haijun Tu,
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Jin K, Liu C, Cheng H, Fei Q, Huang Q, Xiao Z, Yu X, Wu W. TGF-β1-induced RAP2 regulates invasion in pancreatic cancer. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:361-369. [PMID: 35538031 PMCID: PMC9828032 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is highly lethal due to its aggressive invasive properties and capacity for metastatic dissemination. Additional therapeutic targets and effective treatment options for patients with tumours of high invasive capacity are required. Ras-related protein-2a (RAP2) is a member of the GTP-binding proteins. RAP2 has been reported to be widely upregulated in many types of cancers via regulating cytoskeleton reorganization, cell proliferation, migration, and adhesion, as well as inflammation. As a member of the RAS oncogene family, which has been demonstrated to drive pancreatic cancer oncogenesis and many other malignancies, the physiological roles of RAP2 in pancreatic cancer have seldom been discussed. In the present study, we explored the correlation between RAP2 expression and the prediction of overall survival of pancreatic cancer patients. Mechanistic studies were carried out to shed light on the role of RAP2 in pancreatic cancer invasion and how RAP2 is regulated in the invasive process. Our results demonstrated that patients with higher RAP2 expression showed unfavourable prognoses. studies demonstrated that silencing of inhibited the invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. Moreover, our results demonstrated that transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), an inducer of the metastatic potential of pancreatic cancer cells, regulates the expression of RAP2 via the transcription factor c-Myc. In conclusion, the present study uncovered RAP2 as a novel predictive marker and therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaizhou Jin
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032China
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032China
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - He Cheng
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032China
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Qinglin Fei
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032China
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Qiuyi Huang
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032China
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Zhiwen Xiao
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032China
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032China
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Weiding Wu
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai200032China
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai200032China
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
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Barker CG, Petsalaki E, Giudice G, Sero J, Ekpenyong EN, Bakal C, Petsalaki E. Identification of phenotype-specific networks from paired gene expression-cell shape imaging data. Genome Res 2022; 32:750-765. [PMID: 35197309 PMCID: PMC8997347 DOI: 10.1101/gr.276059.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The morphology of breast cancer cells is often used as an indicator of tumor severity and prognosis. Additionally, morphology can be used to identify more fine-grained, molecular developments within a cancer cell, such as transcriptomic changes and signaling pathway activity. Delineating the interface between morphology and signaling is important to understand the mechanical cues that a cell processes in order to undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and consequently metastasize. However, the exact regulatory systems that define these changes remain poorly characterized. In this study, we used a network-systems approach to integrate imaging data and RNA-seq expression data. Our workflow allowed the discovery of unbiased and context-specific gene expression signatures and cell signaling subnetworks relevant to the regulation of cell shape, rather than focusing on the identification of previously known, but not always representative, pathways. By constructing a cell-shape signaling network from shape-correlated gene expression modules and their upstream regulators, we found central roles for developmental pathways such as WNT and Notch, as well as evidence for the fine control of NF-kB signaling by numerous kinase and transcriptional regulators. Further analysis of our network implicates a gene expression module enriched in the RAP1 signaling pathway as a mediator between the sensing of mechanical stimuli and regulation of NF-kB activity, with specific relevance to cell shape in breast cancer.
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Guo S, Wu X, Lei T, Zhong R, Wang Y, Zhang L, Zhao Q, Huang Y, Shi Y, Wu L. The Role and Therapeutic Value of Syndecan-1 in Cancer Metastasis and Drug Resistance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:784983. [PMID: 35118073 PMCID: PMC8804279 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.784983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis and relapse are major causes of cancer-related fatalities. The elucidation of relevant pathomechanisms and adoption of appropriate countermeasures are thus crucial for the development of clinical strategies that inhibit malignancy progression as well as metastasis. An integral component of the extracellular matrix, the type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein syndecan-1 (SDC-1) binds cytokines and growth factors involved in tumor microenvironment modulation. Alterations in its localization have been implicated in both cancer metastasis and drug resistance. In this review, available data regarding the structural characteristics, shedding process, and nuclear translocation of SDC-1 are detailed with the aim of highlighting strategies directly targeting SDC-1 as well as SDC-1-mediated carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Guo
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - XinYi Wu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Zhong
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - YiRan Wang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - QingYi Zhao
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Shi
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Outpatient Department, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yin Shi, ; Luyi Wu,
| | - Luyi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yin Shi, ; Luyi Wu,
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C3G Protein, a New Player in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810018. [PMID: 34576182 PMCID: PMC8466177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
C3G (RAPGEF1) is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for GTPases from the Ras superfamily, mainly Rap1, although it also acts through GEF-independent mechanisms. C3G regulates several cellular functions. It is expressed at relatively high levels in specific brain areas, playing important roles during embryonic development. Recent studies have uncovered different roles for C3G in cancer that are likely to depend on cell context, tumour type, and stage. However, its role in brain tumours remained unknown until very recently. We found that C3G expression is downregulated in GBM, which promotes the acquisition of a more mesenchymal phenotype, enhancing migration and invasion, but not proliferation. ERKs hyperactivation, likely induced by FGFR1, is responsible for this pro-invasive effect detected in C3G silenced cells. Other RTKs (Receptor Tyrosine Kinases) are also dysregulated and could also contribute to C3G effects. However, it remains undetermined whether Rap1 is a mediator of C3G actions in GBM. Various Rap1 isoforms can promote proliferation and invasion in GBM cells, while C3G inhibits migration/invasion. Therefore, other RapGEFs could play a major role regulating Rap1 activity in these tumours. Based on the information available, C3G could represent a new biomarker for GBM diagnosis, prognosis, and personalised treatment of patients in combination with other GBM molecular markers. The quantification of C3G levels in circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in the cerebrospinal liquid and/or circulating fluids might be a useful tool to improve GBM patient treatment and survival.
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Xie Y, Liu G, Zang X, Hu Q, Zhou C, Li Y, Liu D, Hong L. Differential Expression Pattern of Goat Uterine Fluids Extracellular Vesicles miRNAs during Peri-Implantation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092308. [PMID: 34571957 PMCID: PMC8470123 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Early pregnancy failure occurs when a mature embryo attaches to an unreceptive endometrium. During the formation of a receptive endometrium, extracellular vesicles (EVs) of the uterine fluids (UFs) deliver regulatory molecules such as small RNAs to mediate intrauterine communication between the embryo and the endometrium. However, profiling of small RNAs in goat UFs’ EVs during pregnancy recognition (day 16) has not been carried out. In this study, EVs were isolated from UFs on day 16 of the estrous cycle or gestation. They were isolated by Optiprep™ Density G radient (ODG) and verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and Western blotting. Immunostaining demonstrated that CD63 was present both in the endometrial epithelium and glandular epithelium, and stain intensity was greater in the pregnant endometrium compared to the non-pregnant endometrium. Small RNA sequencing revealed that UFs’ EVs contained numerous sRNA families and a total of 106 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs). Additionally, 1867 target genes of the DEMs were obtained, and miRNA–mRNA interaction networks were constructed. GO and KEGG analysis showed that miRNAs were significantly associated with the formation of a receptive endometrium and embryo implantation. In addition, the fluorescence in situ hybridization assay (FISH) showed that chi-miR-451-5p was mainly expressed in stromal cells of the endometrium and a higher level was detected in the endometrial luminal epithelium in pregnant states. Moreover, the dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that chi-miR-451-5p directly binds to PSMB8 and may play an important role in the formation of a receptive endometrium and embryo implantation. In conclusion, these results reveal that UFs’ EVs contain various small RNAs that may be vital in the formation of a receptive endometrium and embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshe Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.X.); (G.L.); (X.Z.); (Q.H.); (C.Z.); (Y.L.)
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poutry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guangbin Liu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.X.); (G.L.); (X.Z.); (Q.H.); (C.Z.); (Y.L.)
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poutry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xupeng Zang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.X.); (G.L.); (X.Z.); (Q.H.); (C.Z.); (Y.L.)
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poutry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qun Hu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.X.); (G.L.); (X.Z.); (Q.H.); (C.Z.); (Y.L.)
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poutry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.X.); (G.L.); (X.Z.); (Q.H.); (C.Z.); (Y.L.)
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poutry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yaokun Li
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.X.); (G.L.); (X.Z.); (Q.H.); (C.Z.); (Y.L.)
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poutry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dewu Liu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.X.); (G.L.); (X.Z.); (Q.H.); (C.Z.); (Y.L.)
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poutry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (D.L.); (L.H.)
| | - Linjun Hong
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.X.); (G.L.); (X.Z.); (Q.H.); (C.Z.); (Y.L.)
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poutry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (D.L.); (L.H.)
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Feng ZH, Li SQ, Zhang JX, Ni B, Bai XR, Xu JH, Liu ZB, Xin WW, Kang L, Gao S, Wang J, Li YW, Li JX, Yuan Y, Wang JL. Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles, Cytokines, and Bacterial Loads Relevant to Alcoholic Liver Disease Mice Infected With V. vulnificus. Front Immunol 2021; 12:695491. [PMID: 34489943 PMCID: PMC8417779 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.695491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with liver disease are susceptible to infection with Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus), but the specific reasons remain elusive. Through RNA-seq, we found that when mice with alcoholic liver disease (ALD) were infected with V. vulnificus by gavage, compared with the Pair group, the small intestinal genes affecting intestinal permeability were upregulated; and the number of differentially expressed genes related to immune functions (e.g., such as cell chemotaxis, leukocyte differentiation, and neutrophil degranulation) decreased in the liver, spleen, and blood. Further analysis showed that the number of white blood cells decreased in the Pair group, whereas those in the ALD mice did not change significantly. Interestingly, the blood bacterial load in the ALD mice was about 100 times higher than that of the Pair group. After the ALD mice were infected with V. vulnificus, the concentrations of T cell proliferation-promoting cytokines (IL-2, IL-23) decreased. Therefore, unlike the Pair group, ALD mice had weaker immune responses, lower T cell proliferation-promoting cytokines, and higher bacterial loads post-infection, possibly increasing their susceptibility to V. vulnificus infection. These new findings we presented here may help to advance the current understanding of the reasons why patients with liver disease are susceptible to V. vulnificus infection and provides potential targets for further investigation in the context of treatment options for V. vulnificus sepsis in liver disease patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Han Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Bin Ni
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xin-Ru Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jian-Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Bo Liu
- Rongcheng International Travel Health Care Center, Rong Cheng Customs, Rongcheng, China
| | - Wen-Wen Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Lin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Shan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
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Ruggiero D, Nutile T, Nappo S, Tirozzi A, Bellenguez C, Leutenegger AL, Ciullo M. Genetics of PlGF plasma levels highlights a role of its receptors and supports the link between angiogenesis and immunity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16821. [PMID: 34413389 PMCID: PMC8376970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental growth factor (PlGF) is a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor family and is involved in bone marrow-derived cell activation, endothelial stimulation and pathological angiogenesis. High levels of PlGF have been observed in several pathological conditions especially in cancer, cardiovascular, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Little is known about the genetics of circulating PlGF levels. Indeed, although the heritability of circulating PlGF levels is around 40%, no studies have assessed the relation between PlGF plasma levels and genetic variants at a genome-wide level. In the current study, PlGF plasma levels were measured in a population-based sample of 2085 adult individuals from three isolated populations of South Italy. A GWAS was performed in a discovery cohort (N = 1600), followed by a de novo replication (N = 468) from the same populations. The meta-analysis of the discovery and replication samples revealed one signal significantly associated with PlGF circulating levels. This signal was mapped to the PlGF co-receptor coding gene NRP1, indicating its important role in modulating the PlGF plasma levels. Two additional signals, at the PlGF receptor coding gene FLT1 and RAPGEF5 gene, were identified at a suggestive level. Pathway and TWAS analyses highlighted genes known to be involved in angiogenesis and immune response, supporting the link between these processes and PlGF regulation. Overall, these data improve our understanding of the genetic variation underlying circulating PlGF levels. This in turn could lead to new preventive and therapeutic strategies for a wide variety of PlGF-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ruggiero
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino, 111, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.
| | - Teresa Nutile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino, 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Celine Bellenguez
- CHU Lille, U1167 - Labex DISTALZ - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Anne-Louise Leutenegger
- UMR 946, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases, Inserm, 75010, Paris, France
- UMR946, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Marina Ciullo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino, 111, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.
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42
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Steenkiste EM, Berndt JD, Pilling C, Simpkins C, Cooper JA. A Cas-BCAR3 co-regulatory circuit controls lamellipodia dynamics. eLife 2021; 10:67078. [PMID: 34169835 PMCID: PMC8266394 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin adhesion complexes regulate cytoskeletal dynamics during cell migration. Adhesion activates phosphorylation of integrin-associated signaling proteins, including Cas (p130Cas, BCAR1), by Src-family kinases. Cas regulates leading-edge protrusion and migration in cooperation with its binding partner, BCAR3. However, it has been unclear how Cas and BCAR3 cooperate. Here, using normal epithelial cells, we find that BCAR3 localization to integrin adhesions requires Cas. In return, Cas phosphorylation, as well as lamellipodia dynamics and cell migration, requires BCAR3. These functions require the BCAR3 SH2 domain and a specific phosphorylation site, Tyr 117, that is also required for BCAR3 downregulation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. These findings place BCAR3 in a co-regulatory positive-feedback circuit with Cas, with BCAR3 requiring Cas for localization and Cas requiring BCAR3 for activation and downstream signaling. The use of a single phosphorylation site in BCAR3 for activation and degradation ensures reliable negative feedback by the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Steenkiste
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Jason D Berndt
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States
| | - Carissa Pilling
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Christopher Simpkins
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States
| | - Jonathan A Cooper
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
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43
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Desmoglein-2 harnesses a PDZ-GEF2/Rap1 signaling axis to control cell spreading and focal adhesions independent of cell-cell adhesion. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13295. [PMID: 34168237 PMCID: PMC8225821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92675-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmosomes have a central role in mediating extracellular adhesion between cells, but they also coordinate other biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and migration. In particular, several lines of evidence have implicated desmosomal proteins in regulating the actin cytoskeleton and attachment to the extracellular matrix, indicating signaling crosstalk between cell–cell junctions and cell–matrix adhesions. In our study, we found that cells lacking the desmosomal cadherin Desmoglein-2 (Dsg2) displayed a significant increase in spreading area on both fibronectin and collagen, compared to control A431 cells. Intriguingly, this effect was observed in single spreading cells, indicating that Dsg2 can exert its effects on cell spreading independent of cell–cell adhesion. We hypothesized that Dsg2 may mediate cell–matrix adhesion via control of Rap1 GTPase, which is well known as a central regulator of cell spreading dynamics. We show that Rap1 activity is elevated in Dsg2 knockout cells, and that Dsg2 harnesses Rap1 and downstream TGFβ signaling to influence both cell spreading and focal adhesion protein phosphorylation. Further analysis implicated the Rap GEF PDZ-GEF2 in mediating Dsg2-dependent cell spreading. These data have identified a novel role for Dsg2 in controlling cell spreading, providing insight into the mechanisms via which cadherins exert non-canonical junction-independent effects.
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44
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Kosuru R, Singh B, Lakshmikanthan S, Nishijima Y, Vasquez-Vivar J, Zhang DX, Chrzanowska M. Distinct Signaling Functions of Rap1 Isoforms in NO Release From Endothelium. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:687598. [PMID: 34222255 PMCID: PMC8247587 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.687598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Small GTPase Rap1 plays a prominent role in endothelial cell (EC) homeostasis by promoting NO release. Endothelial deletion of the two highly homologous Rap1 isoforms, Rap1A and Rap1B, leads to endothelial dysfunction ex vivo and hypertension in vivo. Mechanistically, we showed that Rap1B promotes NO release in response to shear flow by promoting mechanosensing complex formation involving VEGFR2 and Akt activation. However, the specific contribution of the Rap1A isoform to NO release and the underlying molecular mechanisms through which the two Rap1 isoforms control endothelial function are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that endothelial dysfunction resulting from knockout of both Rap1A and Rap1B isoforms is ameliorated by exogenous L-Arg administration to rescue NO-dependent vasorelaxation and blood pressure. We confirmed that Rap1B is rapidly activated in response to agonists that trigger eNOS activation, and its deletion in ECs attenuates eNOS activation, as detected by decreased Ser1177 phosphorylation. Somewhat surprising was the finding that EC deletion of Rap1A does not lead to impaired agonist-induced vasorelaxation ex vivo. Mechanistically, the deletion of Rap1A led to elevated eNOS phosphorylation both at the inhibitory, T495, and the activating Ser1177 residues. These findings indicate that the two Rap1 isoforms act via distinct signaling pathways: while Rap1B directly positively regulates eNOS activation, Rap1A prevents negative regulation of eNOS. Notably, the combined deficiency of Rap1A and Rap1B has a severe effect on eNOS activity and NO release with an in vivo impact on endothelial function and vascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramoji Kosuru
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Bandana Singh
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | | | - Yoshinori Nishijima
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jeannette Vasquez-Vivar
- Department of Biophysics and Redox Biology Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - David X Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Magdalena Chrzanowska
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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Lin M, Yang C, Liu X, Zhao S, Tian B, Hou X, Xu J, Yang P. Increased Levels of VCAM-1 in Sera and VLA-4 Expression on Neutrophils in Dermatomyositis with Interstitial Lung Disease. Immunol Invest 2021; 51:980-992. [PMID: 33724131 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2021.1897611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and its ligand very late antigen (VLA-4) play important roles in many autoimmune diseases. Our study aimed to investigate the serum level of VCAM-1 and VLA-4 expression on peripheral blood neutrophil surface in patients with dermatomyositis (DM), especially focusing on patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD). Blood specimens of 42 patients with DM and 42 healthy controls matched for age and gender were recruited. Total serum VCAM-1 level was measured using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the percentages of VLA-4 expression on neutrophils were analyzed by flow cytometry. We divided patients into subgroups according to whether they had ILD and whether they exhibited diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) via high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). sVCAM-1 was increased in classical DM (cDM) and clinical amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM) compared with healthy controls (both p < .01). DM-ILD had higher sVCAM-1 levels than the none-ILD group (p < .01). sVCAM-1 was also significantly increased in the DAD group compared to the none-DAD group (p < .01). The percentages of VLA-4 expression on neutrophils in cDM and CADM patients were significantly elevated than that in healthy controls (both p < .01). The percentage of VLA-4 expression on neutrophils in DM patients with ILD was higher than none-ILD group (p < .01). In the patients with ILD, DAD group had a higher percentage of VLA-4 expression on neutrophils than none-DAD group (p < .01). Our findings indicated that serum VCAM-1 levels combined with VLA-4 expression on neutrophils might be useful for detecting the severity of lung disease in patients with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyi Lin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunshu Yang
- Department of 1st Cancer Institute, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bailing Tian
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Hou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingting Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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C3G Regulates STAT3, ERK, Adhesion Signaling, and Is Essential for Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1465-1477. [PMID: 33624208 PMCID: PMC8372029 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10136-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
C3G (RAPGEF1), engaged in multiple signaling pathways, is essential for the early development of the mouse. In this study, we have examined its role in mouse embryonic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. C3G null cells generated by CRISPR mediated knock-in of a targeting vector exhibited enhanced clonogenicity and long-term self-renewal. They did not differentiate in response to LIF withdrawal when compared to the wild type ES cells and were defective for lineage commitment upon teratoma formation in vivo. Gene expression analysis of C3G KO cells showed misregulated expression of a large number of genes compared with WT cells. They express higher levels of self-renewal factors like KLF4 and ESRRB and show high STAT3 activity, and very low ERK activity compared to WT cells. Reintroduction of C3G expression in a KO line partially reverted expression of ESRRB, and KLF4, and ERK activity similar to that seen in WT cells. The expression of self-renewal factors was persistent for a longer time, and induction of lineage-specific markers was not seen when C3G KO cells were induced to form embryoid bodies. C3G KO cells showed poor adhesion and significantly reduced levels of pFAK, pPaxillin, and Integrin-β1, in addition to downregulation of the cluster of genes involved in cell adhesion, compared to WT cells. Our results show that C3G is essential for the regulation of STAT3, ERK, and adhesion signaling, to maintain pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells and enable their lineage commitment for differentiation. ![]()
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Singh B, Kosuru R, Lakshmikanthan S, Sorci-Thomas M, Zhang D, Sparapani R, Vasquez-Vivar J, Chrzanowska M. Endothelial Rap1 (Ras-Association Proximate 1) Restricts Inflammatory Signaling to Protect From the Progression of Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:638-650. [PMID: 33267664 PMCID: PMC8105264 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Small GTPase Rap1 (Ras-association proximate 1) is a novel, positive regulator of NO release and endothelial function with a potentially key role in mechanosensing of atheroprotective, laminar flow. Our objective was to delineate the role of Rap1 in the progression of atherosclerosis and its specific functions in the presence and absence of laminar flow, to better define its role in endothelial mechanisms contributing to plaque formation and atherogenesis. Approach and Results: In a mouse atherosclerosis model, endothelial Rap1B deletion exacerbates atherosclerotic plaque formation. In the thoracic aorta, where laminar shear stress-induced NO is otherwise atheroprotective, plaque area is increased in Athero-Rap1BiΔEC (atherogenic endothelial cell-specific, tamoxifen-inducible Rap1A+Rap1B knockout) mice. Endothelial Rap1 deficiency also leads to increased plaque size, leukocyte accumulation, and increased CAM (cell adhesion molecule) expression in atheroprone areas, whereas vascular permeability is unchanged. In endothelial cells, in the absence of protective laminar flow, Rap1 deficiency leads to an increased proinflammatory TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha) signaling and increased NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) activation and elevated inflammatory receptor expression. Interestingly, this increased signaling to NF-κB activation is corrected by AKTVIII-an inhibitor of Akt (protein kinase B) translocation to the membrane. Together, these data implicate Rap1 in restricting Akt-dependent signaling, preventing excessive cytokine receptor signaling and proinflammatory NF-κB activation. CONCLUSIONS Via 2 distinct mechanisms, endothelial Rap1 protects from the atherosclerosis progression in the presence and absence of laminar flow; Rap1-stimulated NO release predominates in laminar flow, and restriction of proinflammatory signaling predominates in the absence of laminar flow. Our studies provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying endothelial homeostasis and reveal the importance of Rap1 signaling in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandana Singh
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ramoji Kosuru
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | - Mary Sorci-Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Division of Endocrinology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - David Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Rodney Sparapani
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Jeannette Vasquez-Vivar
- Department of Biophysics and Redox Biology Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Magdalena Chrzanowska
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are neurovascular abnormalities characterized by thin, leaky blood vessels resulting in lesions that predispose to haemorrhages, stroke, epilepsy and focal neurological deficits. CCMs arise due to loss-of-function mutations in genes encoding one of three CCM complex proteins, KRIT1, CCM2 or CCM3. These widely expressed, multi-functional adaptor proteins can assemble into a CCM protein complex and (either alone or in complex) modulate signalling pathways that influence cell adhesion, cell contractility, cytoskeletal reorganization and gene expression. Recent advances, including analysis of the structures and interactions of CCM proteins, have allowed substantial progress towards understanding the molecular bases for CCM protein function and how their disruption leads to disease. Here, we review current knowledge of CCM protein signalling with a focus on three pathways which have generated the most interest—the RhoA–ROCK, MEKK3–MEK5–ERK5–KLF2/4 and cell junctional signalling pathways—but also consider ICAP1-β1 integrin and cdc42 signalling. We discuss emerging links between these pathways and the processes that drive disease pathology and highlight important open questions—key among them is the role of subcellular localization in the control of CCM protein activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie L Su
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208066, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - David A Calderwood
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208066, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208066, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Chinigò G, Fiorio Pla A, Gkika D. TRP Channels and Small GTPases Interplay in the Main Hallmarks of Metastatic Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:581455. [PMID: 33132914 PMCID: PMC7550629 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.581455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) cations channels, as key regulators of intracellular calcium homeostasis, play a central role in the essential hallmarks of cancer. Among the multiple pathways in which TRPs may be involved, here we focus our attention on the ones involving small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases), summarizing the main processes associated with the metastatic cascade, such as migration, invasion and tumor vascularization. In the last decade, several studies have highlighted a bidirectional interplay between TRPs and small GTPases in cancer progression: TRP channels may affect small GTPases activity via both Ca2+-dependent or Ca2+-independent pathways, and, conversely, some small GTPases may affect TRP channels activity through the regulation of their intracellular trafficking to the plasma membrane or acting directly on channel gating. In particular, we will describe the interplay between TRPC1, TRPC5, TRPC6, TRPM4, TRPM7 or TRPV4, and Rho-like GTPases in regulating cell migration, the cooperation of TRPM2 and TRPV2 with Rho GTPases in increasing cell invasiveness and finally, the crosstalk between TRPC1, TRPC6, TRPM8, TRPV4 and both Rho- and Ras-like GTPases in inducing aberrant tumor vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Chinigò
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Angiogenesis, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Laboratoire de Cell Physiology, Université de Lille, Department of Life Sciences, Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1003-PHYCEL, Lille, France
| | - Alessandra Fiorio Pla
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Angiogenesis, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Laboratoire de Cell Physiology, Université de Lille, Department of Life Sciences, Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1003-PHYCEL, Lille, France
| | - Dimitra Gkika
- Laboratoire de Cell Physiology, Université de Lille, Department of Life Sciences, Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1003-PHYCEL, Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Centre Oscar Lambret, UMR 9020-UMR 1277-Canther-Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
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50
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Lagarrigue F, Paul DS, Gingras AR, Valadez AJ, Sun H, Lin J, Cuevas MN, Ablack JN, Lopez-Ramirez MA, Bergmeier W, Ginsberg MH. Talin-1 is the principal platelet Rap1 effector of integrin activation. Blood 2020; 136:1180-1190. [PMID: 32518959 PMCID: PMC7472713 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) is a major convergence point of the platelet-signaling pathways that result in talin-1 binding to the integrin β cytoplasmic domain and consequent integrin activation, platelet aggregation, and effective hemostasis. The nature of the connection between Rap1 and talin-1 in integrin activation is an important remaining gap in our understanding of this process. Previous work identified a low-affinity Rap1-binding site in the talin-1 F0 domain that makes a small contribution to integrin activation in platelets. We recently identified an additional Rap1-binding site in the talin-1 F1 domain that makes a greater contribution than F0 in model systems. Here we generated mice bearing point mutations, which block Rap1 binding without affecting talin-1 expression, in either the talin-1 F1 domain (R118E) alone, which were viable, or in both the F0 and F1 domains (R35E,R118E), which were embryonic lethal. Loss of the Rap1-talin-1 F1 interaction in platelets markedly decreases talin-1-mediated activation of platelet β1- and β3-integrins. Integrin activation and platelet aggregation in mice whose platelets express only talin-1(R35E, R118E) are even more impaired, resembling the defect seen in platelets lacking both Rap1a and Rap1b. Although Rap1 is important in thrombopoiesis, platelet secretion, and surface exposure of phosphatidylserine, loss of the Rap1-talin-1 interaction in talin-1(R35E, R118E) platelets had little effect on these processes. These findings show that talin-1 is the principal direct effector of Rap1 GTPases that regulates platelet integrin activation in hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Lagarrigue
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - David S Paul
- UNC Blood Research Center and
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; and
| | | | - Andrew J Valadez
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jenny Lin
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Monica N Cuevas
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jailal N Ablack
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Miguel Alejandro Lopez-Ramirez
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Wolfgang Bergmeier
- UNC Blood Research Center and
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; and
| | - Mark H Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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