1
|
Liu P, Sun D, Zhang S, Chen S, Wang X, Li H, Wei F. PFKFB3 in neovascular eye disease: unraveling mechanisms and exploring therapeutic strategies. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:21. [PMID: 38341583 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01205-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neovascular eye disease is characterized by pathological neovascularization, with clinical manifestations such as intraocular exudation, bleeding, and scar formation, ultimately leading to blindness in millions of individuals worldwide. Pathologic ocular angiogenesis often occurs in common fundus diseases including proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) targets the core pathology of ocular angiogenesis. MAIN BODY In recent years, therapies targeting metabolism to prevent angiogenesis have also rapidly developed, offering assistance to patients with a poor prognosis while receiving anti-VEGF therapy and reducing the side effects associated with long-term VEGF usage. Phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), a key enzyme in targeted metabolism, has been shown to have great potential, with antiangiogenic effects and multiple protective effects in the treatment of neovascular eye disease. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of common types of neovascular eye diseases; discuss the protective effect and potential mechanism of targeting PFKFB3, including the related inhibitors of PFKFB3; and look forward to the future exploration directions and therapeutic prospects of PFKFB3 in neovascular eye disease. CONCLUSION Neovascular eye disease, the most common and severely debilitating retinal disease, is largely incurable, necessitating the exploration of new treatment methods. PFKFB3 has been shown to possess various potential protective mechanisms in treating neovascular eye disease. With the development of several drugs targeting PFKFB3 and their gradual entry into clinical research, targeting PFKFB3-mediated glycolysis has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for the future of neovascular eye disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Dandan Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Shuchang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Shimei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Huiming Li
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fang Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Buglak DB, Bougaran P, Kulikauskas MR, Liu Z, Monaghan-Benson E, Gold AL, Marvin AP, Burciu A, Tanke NT, Oatley M, Ricketts SN, Kinghorn K, Johnson BN, Shiau CE, Rogers S, Guilluy C, Bautch VL. Nuclear SUN1 stabilizes endothelial cell junctions via microtubules to regulate blood vessel formation. eLife 2023; 12:83652. [PMID: 36989130 PMCID: PMC10059686 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells line all blood vessels, where they coordinate blood vessel formation and the blood-tissue barrier via regulation of cell-cell junctions. The nucleus also regulates endothelial cell behaviors, but it is unclear how the nucleus contributes to endothelial cell activities at the cell periphery. Here, we show that the nuclear-localized linker of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex protein SUN1 regulates vascular sprouting and endothelial cell-cell junction morphology and function. Loss of murine endothelial Sun1 impaired blood vessel formation and destabilized junctions, angiogenic sprouts formed but retracted in SUN1-depleted sprouts, and zebrafish vessels lacking Sun1b had aberrant junctions and defective cell-cell connections. At the cellular level, SUN1 stabilized endothelial cell-cell junctions, promoted junction function, and regulated contractility. Mechanistically, SUN1 depletion altered cell behaviors via the cytoskeleton without changing transcriptional profiles. Reduced peripheral microtubule density, fewer junction contacts, and increased catastrophes accompanied SUN1 loss, and microtubule depolymerization phenocopied effects on junctions. Depletion of GEF-H1, a microtubule-regulated Rho activator, or the LINC complex protein nesprin-1 rescued defective junctions of SUN1-depleted endothelial cells. Thus, endothelial SUN1 regulates peripheral cell-cell junctions from the nucleus via LINC complex-based microtubule interactions that affect peripheral microtubule dynamics and Rho-regulated contractility, and this long-range regulation is important for proper blood vessel sprouting and junction integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle B Buglak
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Pauline Bougaran
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Molly R Kulikauskas
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Ziqing Liu
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Elizabeth Monaghan-Benson
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State UniversityRaleighUnited States
| | - Ariel L Gold
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Allison P Marvin
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Andrew Burciu
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Natalie T Tanke
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Morgan Oatley
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Shea N Ricketts
- Department of Pathology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Karina Kinghorn
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Bryan N Johnson
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Celia E Shiau
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Stephen Rogers
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Christophe Guilluy
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State UniversityRaleighUnited States
| | - Victoria L Bautch
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen W, Jin X, Wang T, Bai R, Shi J, Jiang Y, Tan S, Wu R, Zeng S, Zheng H, Jia H, Li S. Ginsenoside Rg1 interferes with the progression of diabetic osteoporosis by promoting type H angiogenesis modulating vasculogenic and osteogenic coupling. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1010937. [PMID: 36467080 PMCID: PMC9712449 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1010937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) has been demonstrated to have antidiabetic and antiosteoporotic activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Rg1 against diabetic osteoporosis and the underlying mechanism. In vitro, we found that Rg1 increased the number of osteoprogenitors and alleviated high glucose (HG) induced apoptosis of osteoprogenitors by MTT assays and flow cytometry. qRT‒PCR and western blot analysis suggested that Rg1 can also promote the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by osteoprogenitors and promote the coupling of osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Rg1 can also promote the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured in high glucose, enhance the angiogenic ability of endothelial cells, and activate the Notch pathway to promote endothelial cells to secrete the osteogenesis-related factor Noggin to regulate osteogenesis, providing further feedback coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Therefore, we speculated that Rg1 may have similar effects on type H vessels. We used the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat model to perform immunofluorescence staining analysis on two markers of type H vessels, Endomucin (Emcn) and CD31, and the osteoblast-specific transcription factor Osterix, and found that Rg1 stimulates type H angiogenesis and bone formation. In vivo experiments also demonstrated that Rg1 promotes VEGF secretion, activates the Noggin/Notch pathway, increases the level of coupling between type H vessels and osteogenesis, and improves the bone structure of GK rats. All of these data reveal that Rg1 is a promising candidate drug for treating diabetic osteoporosis as a potentially bioactive molecule that promotes angiogenesis and osteointegration coupling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Chen
- School of Graduate, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Xinyan Jin
- School of Graduate, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Graduate, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Rui Bai
- School of Graduate, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jun Shi
- School of Public Health and Management, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yunxia Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Simin Tan
- School of Graduate, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Ruijie Wu
- School of Graduate, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Shiqi Zeng
- School of Graduate, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Hongxiang Zheng
- School of Graduate, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Hongyang Jia
- School of Graduate, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Shuanglei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rosa A, Giese W, Meier K, Alt S, Klaus-Bergmann A, Edgar LT, Bartels E, Collins R, Szymborska A, Coxam B, Bernabeu MO, Gerhardt H. Wasp controls oriented migration of endothelial cells to achieve functional vascular patterning. Development 2021; 149:273808. [PMID: 34931661 PMCID: PMC8918813 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cell migration and proliferation are essential for the establishment of a hierarchical organization of blood vessels and optimal distribution of blood. However, how these cellular processes are quantitatively coordinated to drive vascular network morphogenesis remains unknown. Here, using the zebrafish vasculature as a model system, we demonstrate that the balanced distribution of endothelial cells, as well as the resulting regularity of vessel calibre, is a result of cell migration from veins towards arteries and cell proliferation in veins. We identify the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASp) as an important molecular regulator of this process and show that loss of coordinated migration from veins to arteries upon wasb depletion results in aberrant vessel morphology and the formation of persistent arteriovenous shunts. We demonstrate that WASp achieves its function through the coordination of junctional actin assembly and PECAM1 recruitment and provide evidence that this is conserved in humans. Overall, we demonstrate that functional vascular patterning in the zebrafish trunk is established through differential cell migration regulated by junctional actin, and that interruption of differential migration may represent a pathomechanism in vascular malformations. Summary: Regular diameter of developing veins and arteries in the zebrafish trunk is controlled by differential endothelial cell proliferation and WASp-driven directed cell migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Rosa
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Giese
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Meier
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Silvanus Alt
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra Klaus-Bergmann
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Lowell T Edgar
- Usher Institute, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eireen Bartels
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Russell Collins
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Szymborska
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Baptiste Coxam
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Miguel O Bernabeu
- Usher Institute, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,The Bayes Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom. 5 Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Gerhardt
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yemanyi F, Bora K, Blomfield AK, Wang Z, Chen J. Wnt Signaling in Inner Blood-Retinal Barrier Maintenance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11877. [PMID: 34769308 PMCID: PMC8584977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The retina is a light-sensing ocular tissue that sends information to the brain to enable vision. The blood-retinal barrier (BRB) contributes to maintaining homeostasis in the retinal microenvironment by selectively regulating flux of molecules between systemic circulation and the retina. Maintaining such physiological balance is fundamental to visual function by facilitating the delivery of nutrients and oxygen and for protection from blood-borne toxins. The inner BRB (iBRB), composed mostly of inner retinal vasculature, controls substance exchange mainly via transportation processes between (paracellular) and through (transcellular) the retinal microvascular endothelium. Disruption of iBRB, characterized by retinal edema, is observed in many eye diseases and disturbs the physiological quiescence in the retina's extracellular space, resulting in vision loss. Consequently, understanding the mechanisms of iBRB formation, maintenance, and breakdown is pivotal to discovering potential targets to restore function to compromised physiological barriers. These unraveled targets can also inform potential drug delivery strategies across the BRB and the blood-brain barrier into retinas and brain tissues, respectively. This review summarizes mechanistic insights into the development and maintenance of iBRB in health and disease, with a specific focus on the Wnt signaling pathway and its regulatory role in both paracellular and transcellular transport across the retinal vascular endothelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (F.Y.); (K.B.); (A.K.B.); (Z.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wälchli T, Bisschop J, Miettinen A, Ulmann-Schuler A, Hintermüller C, Meyer EP, Krucker T, Wälchli R, Monnier PP, Carmeliet P, Vogel J, Stampanoni M. Hierarchical imaging and computational analysis of three-dimensional vascular network architecture in the entire postnatal and adult mouse brain. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:4564-4610. [PMID: 34480130 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00587-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The formation of new blood vessels and the establishment of vascular networks are crucial during brain development, in the adult healthy brain, as well as in various diseases of the central nervous system. Here, we describe a step-by-step protocol for our recently developed method that enables hierarchical imaging and computational analysis of vascular networks in postnatal and adult mouse brains. The different stages of the procedure include resin-based vascular corrosion casting, scanning electron microscopy, synchrotron radiation and desktop microcomputed tomography imaging, and computational network analysis. Combining these methods enables detailed visualization and quantification of the 3D brain vasculature. Network features such as vascular volume fraction, branch point density, vessel diameter, length, tortuosity and directionality as well as extravascular distance can be obtained at any developmental stage from the early postnatal to the adult brain. This approach can be used to provide a detailed morphological atlas of the entire mouse brain vasculature at both the postnatal and the adult stage of development. Our protocol allows the characterization of brain vascular networks separately for capillaries and noncapillaries. The entire protocol, from mouse perfusion to vessel network analysis, takes ~10 d.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wälchli
- Group of CNS Angiogenesis and Neurovascular Link, Neuroscience Center Zurich, and Division of Neurosurgery, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Division of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Group Brain Vasculature and Perivascular Niche, Division of Experimental and Translational Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Jeroen Bisschop
- Group of CNS Angiogenesis and Neurovascular Link, Neuroscience Center Zurich, and Division of Neurosurgery, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Group Brain Vasculature and Perivascular Niche, Division of Experimental and Translational Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arttu Miettinen
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | | | - Eric P Meyer
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Krucker
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Inc, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Regula Wälchli
- Department of Dermatology, Pediatric Skin Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philippe P Monnier
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, Vision Division, Krembil Discovery Tower, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johannes Vogel
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Stampanoni
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The endothelium-bone axis in development, homeostasis and bone and joint disease. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021; 17:608-620. [PMID: 34480164 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Blood vessels form a versatile transport network that is best known for its critical roles in processes such as tissue oxygenation, metabolism and immune surveillance. The vasculature also provides local, often organ-specific, molecular signals that control the behaviour of other cell types in their vicinity during development, homeostasis and regeneration, and also in disease processes. In the skeletal system, the local vasculature is actively involved in both bone formation and resorption. In addition, blood vessels participate in inflammatory processes and contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases that affect the joints, such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. This Review summarizes the current understanding of the architecture, angiogenic growth and functional properties of the bone vasculature. The effects of ageing and pathological conditions, including arthritis and osteoporosis, are also discussed.
Collapse
|
8
|
Lindhurst MJ, Li W, Laughner N, Shwetar JJ, Kondolf HC, Ma X, Mukouyama YS, Biesecker LG. Ubiquitous expression of Akt1 p.(E17K) results in vascular defects and embryonic lethality in mice. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:3350-3360. [PMID: 33030203 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteus syndrome is a progressive overgrowth disorder with vascular malformations caused by mosaic expression of the AKT1 c.49G > A, p.(E17K) activating variant which was predicted to cause lethality if expressed ubiquitously. To test that hypothesis, we used the ACTB-Cre gene to activate a conditional Akt1 p.(E17K) allele in the mouse. No offspring that was heterozygous for both Cre and the conditional allele (βA-Akt1WT/flx) was viable. Fewer than expected numbers of βA-Akt1WT/flx embryos were seen beginning at E11.5, but a few survived until E17.5. The phenotype ranged from mild to severe, but generally βA-Akt1WT/flx embryos had fewer visible blood vessels and more hemorrhages than their wild-type littermates, which was suggestive of a vascular abnormality. Examination of E13.5 limb skin showed a primitive capillary network with increased branching complexity and abnormal patterning compared with wild-type skin. By E15.5, wild-type skin had undergone angiogenesis and formed a hierarchical network of remodeled vessels, whereas in βA-Akt1WT/flx embryos, the capillary network failed to remodel. Mural cell coverage of the blood vessels was also reduced in βA-Akt1WT/flx skin compared with that of wild type. Restricting expression of Akt1E17K to endothelial, cardiac or smooth muscle cells resulted in viable offspring and remodeled vasculature and did not recapitulate the βA-Akt1WT/flx phenotype. We conclude that ubiquitous expression of Akt1E17K suppresses remodeling and inhibits the formation of a normal skin vasculature. We postulate that this failure prevents proper circulation necessary to support the growing embryo and that it is the result of interactions of multiple cell types with increased AKT signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie J Lindhurst
- Molecular Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wenling Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neuro-Vascular Biology, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nathaniel Laughner
- Molecular Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jasmine J Shwetar
- Molecular Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Hannah C Kondolf
- Molecular Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Xuefei Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yoh-Suke Mukouyama
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neuro-Vascular Biology, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Leslie G Biesecker
- Molecular Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Guo Z, Mo Z. Regulation of endothelial cell differentiation in embryonic vascular development and its therapeutic potential in cardiovascular diseases. Life Sci 2021; 276:119406. [PMID: 33785330 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During vertebrate development, the cardiovascular system begins operating earlier than any other organ in the embryo. Endothelial cell (EC) forms the inner lining of blood vessels, and its extensive proliferation and migration are requisite for vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Many aspects of cellular biology are involved in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, including the tip versus stalk cell specification. Recently, epigenetics has attracted growing attention in regulating embryonic vascular development and controlling EC differentiation. Some proteins that regulate chromatin structure have been shown to be directly implicated in human cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, the roles of important EC signaling such as vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors, angiopoietin-1 and tyrosine kinase containing immunoglobulin and epidermal growth factor homology domain-2, and transforming growth factor-β in EC differentiation during embryonic vasculature development are briefly discussed in this review. Recently, the transplantation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-ECs are promising approaches for the treatment of ischemic cardiovascular disease including myocardial infarction. Patient-specific iPSC-derived EC is a potential new target to study differences in gene expression or response to drugs. However, clinical application of the iPSC-ECs in regenerative medicine is often limited by the challenges of maintaining cell viability and function. Therefore, novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying EC differentiation might provide a better understanding of embryonic vascular development and bring out more effective EC-based therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaohui Mo
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rountree I, Polucha C, Coulombe KLK, Munarin F. Assessing the Angiogenic Efficacy of Pleiotrophin Released from Injectable Heparin-Alginate Gels. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 27:703-713. [PMID: 33430704 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
With this work, we design alginate-based hydrogels for therapeutically directing revascularization and repair processes in vivo. We immobilize pleiotrophin (PTN) in injectable hydrogel formulations as the target factor to stimulate proangiogenic responses in endothelial cells. The optimized heparin-alginate/chitosan hydrogels, produced by internal crosslinking with calcium carbonate, show good biocompatibility and injectability and allow controlling the release of immobilized proteins in the subcutaneous tissue over a period of 7 days. In vitro assays, performed with translational human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells, and the in vivo Matrigel plug assay are conducted to demonstrate the angiogenic effects of PTN on endothelial cells. Our results indicate that PTN stimulates endothelial cell morphogenesis in vitro and the migration of endothelial cells and macrophages as soon as 4 days after injections of the developed hydrogels, promoting the formation of structures similar to the healthy granulation tissue, which is an indicator of healing in ischemic wounds. These studies provide the rationale for further investigating this novel therapeutic for pursuing increased vascular density for efficient regeneration of ischemic tissues, by leveraging the host endothelial cell population to initiate angiogenic and reparative processes in vivo. Impact statement Localized, sustained, and controlled delivery of angiogenic factors is crucial for enabling the formation of novel vascular networks in ischemic tissues. This study describes the development of an injectable heparin-alginate/collagen hydrogel for controlling the in vivo release and bioactivity of pleiotrophin (PTN), a heparin-binding factor with significant angiogenic activity. We demonstrate that PTN promotes angiogenesis in an in vitro model of hypoxia and in preclinical subcutaneous models. These results advance our understanding of PTN function in guiding therapeutic angiogenesis and are critical to inform the development of novel translational strategies for ischemic tissue repair and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isobel Rountree
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Collin Polucha
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Kareen L K Coulombe
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Fabiola Munarin
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Patino-Ramirez F, Arson C, Dussutour A. Substrate and cell fusion influence on slime mold network dynamics. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1498. [PMID: 33452314 PMCID: PMC7810851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80320-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The acellular slime mold Physarum polycephalum provides an excellent model to study network formation, as its network is remodelled constantly in response to mass gain/loss and environmental conditions. How slime molds networks are built and fuse to allow for efficient exploration and adaptation to environmental conditions is still not fully understood. Here, we characterize the network organization of slime molds exploring homogeneous neutral, nutritive and adverse environments. We developed a fully automated image analysis method to extract the network topology and followed the slime molds before and after fusion. Our results show that: (1) slime molds build sparse networks with thin veins in a neutral environment and more compact networks with thicker veins in a nutritive or adverse environment; (2) slime molds construct long, efficient and resilient networks in neutral and adverse environments, whereas in nutritive environments, they build shorter and more centralized networks; and (3) slime molds fuse rapidly and establish multiple connections with their clone-mates in a neutral environment, whereas they display a late fusion with fewer connections in an adverse environment. Our study demonstrates that slime mold networks evolve continuously via pruning and reinforcement, adapting to different environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Patino-Ramirez
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30309, USA.
| | - Chloé Arson
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30309, USA
| | - Audrey Dussutour
- Research Centre on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Toulouse University, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kong L, Xiao F, Wang L, Li M, Wang D, Feng Z, Huang L, Wei Y, Li H, Liu F, Kang Y, Liao X, Zhang W. Intermedin promotes vessel fusion by inducing VE-cadherin accumulation at potential fusion sites and to achieve a dynamic balance between VE-cadherin-complex dissociation/reconstitution. MedComm (Beijing) 2020; 1:84-102. [PMID: 34766111 PMCID: PMC8489673 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To create a closed vascular system, angiogenic sprouts must meet and connect in a process called vessel fusion, which is a prerequisite for establishment of proper blood flow in nascent vessels. However, the molecular machinery underlying this process remains largely unknown. Herein, we report that intermedin (IMD), a calcitonin family member, promotes vessel fusion by inducing endothelial cells (ECs) to enter a "ready-to-anchor" state. IMD promotes vascular endothelial cadherin (VEC) accumulation at the potential fusion site to facilitate anchoring of approaching vessels to each other. Simultaneously, IMD fine-tunes VEC activity to achieve a dynamic balance between VEC complex dissociation and reconstitution in order to widen the anastomotic point. IMD induces persistent VEC phosphorylation. Internalized phospho-VEC preferentially binds to Rab4 and Rab11, which facilitate VEC vesicle recycling back to the cell-cell contact for reconstruction of the VEC complex. This novel mechanism may explain how neovessels contact and fuse to adjacent vessels to create a closed vascular system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingmiao Kong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Chengdu China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics West China Second University Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Chengdu China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Chengdu China
| | - Denian Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Chengdu China
| | - Zhongxue Feng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Chengdu China
| | - Luping Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Chengdu China
| | - Yong'gang Wei
- Department of Liver Surgery West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Liver Transplantation Center Beijing Friendship Hospital Capital Medical University Chengdu China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yan Kang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Xuelian Liao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Chengdu China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mokhames Z, Rezaie Z, Ardeshirylajimi A, Basiri A, Taheri M, Omrani MD. VEGF-incorporated PVDF/collagen nanofibrous scaffold for bladder wall regeneration and angiogenesis. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2020.1740985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zakiye Mokhames
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic, Emam Ali Educational and Therapeutic Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Zahra Rezaie
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Ardeshirylajimi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Basiri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Davood Omrani
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Apte RS, Chen DS, Ferrara N. VEGF in Signaling and Disease: Beyond Discovery and Development. Cell 2020; 176:1248-1264. [PMID: 30849371 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1356] [Impact Index Per Article: 339.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of vascular endothelial-derived growth factor (VEGF) has revolutionized our understanding of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis during development and physiological homeostasis. Over a short span of two decades, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which VEGF coordinates neurovascular homeostasis has become more sophisticated. The central role of VEGF in the pathogenesis of diverse cancers and blinding eye diseases has also become evident. Elucidation of the molecular regulation of VEGF and the transformative development of multiple therapeutic pathways targeting VEGF directly or indirectly is a powerful case study of how fundamental research can guide innovation and translation. It is also an elegant example of how agnostic discovery and can transform our understanding of human disease. This review will highlight critical nodal points in VEGF biology, including recent developments in immunotherapy for cancer and multitarget approaches in neovascular eye disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra S Apte
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | | | - Napoleone Ferrara
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; The Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Campinho P, Lamperti P, Boselli F, Vermot J. Three-dimensional microscopy and image analysis methodology for mapping and quantification of nuclear positions in tissues with approximate cylindrical geometry. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:20170332. [PMID: 30249780 PMCID: PMC6158202 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Organogenesis involves extensive and dynamic changes of tissue shape during development. It is associated with complex morphogenetic events that require enormous tissue plasticity and generate a large variety of transient three-dimensional geometries that are achieved by global tissue responses. Nevertheless, such global responses are driven by tight spatio-temporal regulation of the behaviours of individual cells composing these tissues. Therefore, the development of image analysis tools that allow for extraction of quantitative data concerning individual cell behaviours is central to study tissue morphogenesis. There are many image analysis tools available that permit extraction of cell parameters. Unfortunately, the majority are developed for tissues with relatively simple geometries such as flat epithelia. Problems arise when the tissue of interest assumes a more complex three-dimensional geometry. Here, we use the endothelium of the developing zebrafish dorsal aorta as an example of a tissue with cylindrical geometry and describe the image analysis routines developed to extract quantitative data on individual cells in such tissues, as well as the image acquisition and sample preparation methodology.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Mechanics of development'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Campinho
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch 67404, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch 67404, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch 67404, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch 67404, France
| | - Paola Lamperti
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch 67404, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch 67404, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch 67404, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch 67404, France
| | - Francesco Boselli
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch 67404, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch 67404, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch 67404, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch 67404, France
| | - Julien Vermot
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch 67404, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch 67404, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch 67404, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch 67404, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Paatero I, Sauteur L, Lee M, Lagendijk AK, Heutschi D, Wiesner C, Guzmán C, Bieli D, Hogan BM, Affolter M, Belting HG. Junction-based lamellipodia drive endothelial cell rearrangements in vivo via a VE-cadherin-F-actin based oscillatory cell-cell interaction. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3545. [PMID: 30171187 PMCID: PMC6119192 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05851-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis and vascular remodeling are driven by extensive endothelial cell movements. Here, we present in vivo evidence that endothelial cell movements are associated with oscillating lamellipodia-like structures, which emerge from cell junctions in the direction of cell movements. High-resolution time-lapse imaging of these junction-based lamellipodia (JBL) shows dynamic and distinct deployment of junctional proteins, such as F-actin, VE-cadherin and ZO1, during JBL oscillations. Upon initiation, F-actin and VE-cadherin are broadly distributed within JBL, whereas ZO1 remains at cell junctions. Subsequently, a new junction is formed at the front of the JBL, which then merges with the proximal junction. Rac1 inhibition interferes with JBL oscillations and disrupts cell elongation-similar to a truncation in ve-cadherin preventing VE-cad/F-actin interaction. Taken together, our observations suggest an oscillating ratchet-like mechanism, which is used by endothelial cells to move over each other and thus provides the physical means for cell rearrangements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilkka Paatero
- Department of Cell Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, 4056, Switzerland.,Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Loïc Sauteur
- Department of Cell Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Minkyoung Lee
- Department of Cell Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Anne K Lagendijk
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel Heutschi
- Department of Cell Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Cora Wiesner
- Department of Cell Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Camilo Guzmán
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Dimitri Bieli
- Department of Cell Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin M Hogan
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Markus Affolter
- Department of Cell Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, 4056, Switzerland.
| | - Heinz-Georg Belting
- Department of Cell Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, 4056, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Perfused 3D angiogenic sprouting in a high-throughput in vitro platform. Angiogenesis 2018; 22:157-165. [PMID: 30171498 PMCID: PMC6510881 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-018-9647-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenic sprouting, the growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels, is orchestrated by cues from within the cellular microenvironment, such as biochemical gradients and perfusion. However, many of these cues are missing in current in vitro models of angiogenic sprouting. We here describe an in vitro platform that integrates both perfusion and the generation of stable biomolecular gradients and demonstrate its potential to study more physiologically relevant angiogenic sprouting and microvascular stabilization. The platform consists of an array of 40 individually addressable microfluidic units that enable the culture of perfused microvessels against a three-dimensional collagen-1 matrix. Upon the introduction of a gradient of pro-angiogenic factors, the endothelial cells differentiated into tip cells that invaded the matrix. Continuous exposure resulted in continuous migration and the formation of lumen by stalk cells. A combination of vascular endothelial growth factor-165 (VEGF-165), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) was the most optimal cocktail to trigger robust, directional angiogenesis with S1P being crucial for guidance and repetitive sprout formation. Prolonged exposure forces the angiogenic sprouts to anastomose through the collagen to the other channel. This resulted in remodeling of the angiogenic sprouts within the collagen: angiogenic sprouts that anastomosed with the other perfusion channel remained stable, while those who did not retracted and degraded. Furthermore, perfusion with 150 kDa FITC-Dextran revealed that while the angiogenic sprouts were initially leaky, once they fully crossed the collagen lane they became leak tight. This demonstrates that once anastomosis occurred, the sprouts matured and suggests that perfusion can act as an important survival and stabilization factor for the angiogenic microvessels. The robustness of this platform in combination with the possibility to include a more physiological relevant three-dimensional microenvironment makes our platform uniquely suited to study angiogenesis in vitro.
Collapse
|
18
|
A cell surface display fluorescent biosensor for measuring MMP14 activity in real-time. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5916. [PMID: 29651043 PMCID: PMC5897415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous recent advances in imaging technologies, one continuing challenge for cell biologists and microscopists is the visualization and measurement of endogenous proteins as they function within living cells. Achieving this goal will provide a tool that investigators can use to associate cellular outcomes with the behavior and activity of many well-studied target proteins. Here, we describe the development of a plasmid-based fluorescent biosensor engineered to measure the location and activity of matrix metalloprotease-14 (MMP14). The biosensor design uses fluorogen-activating protein technology coupled with a MMP14-selective protease sequence to generate a binary, “switch-on” fluorescence reporter capable of measuring MMP14 location, activity, and temporal dynamics. The MMP14-fluorogen activating protein biosensor approach is applicable to both short and long-term imaging modalities and contains an adaptable module that can be used to study many membrane-bound proteases. This MMP14 biosensor promises to serve as a tool for the advancement of a broad range of investigations targeting MMP14 activity during cell migration in health and disease.
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu CH, Wang Z, Sun Y, Chen J. Animal models of ocular angiogenesis: from development to pathologies. FASEB J 2017; 31:4665-4681. [PMID: 28739642 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700336r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pathological angiogenesis in the eye is an important feature in the pathophysiology of many vision-threatening diseases, including retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration, as well as corneal diseases with abnormal angiogenesis. Development of reproducible and reliable animal models of ocular angiogenesis has advanced our understanding of both the normal development and the pathobiology of ocular neovascularization. These models have also proven to be valuable experimental tools with which to easily evaluate potential antiangiogenic therapies beyond eye research. This review summarizes the current available animal models of ocular angiogenesis. Models of retinal and choroidal angiogenesis, including oxygen-induced retinopathy, laser-induced choroidal neovascularization, and transgenic mouse models with deficient or spontaneous retinal/choroidal neovascularization, as well as models with induced corneal angiogenesis, are widely used to investigate the molecular and cellular basis of angiogenic mechanisms. Theoretical concepts and experimental protocols of these models are outlined, as well as their advantages and potential limitations, which may help researchers choose the most suitable models for their investigative work.-Liu, C.-H., Wang, Z., Sun, Y., Chen, J. Animal models of ocular angiogenesis: from development to pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hsiu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhongxiao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ye Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in morphogenesis, cancer progression and angiogenesis. Exp Cell Res 2017; 353:1-5. [PMID: 28257786 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
All organs consist of an epithelium and an associated mesenchyme, so these epithelial-mesenchymal intercations are among the most important phenomena in nature. The aim of this article is the summarize the common mechanisms involved in the establishment of epithelial mesenchymal transition in three biological processes, namely organogenesis, tumor progression and metastasis, and angiogenesis, apparently independent each from other. A common feature of these processes is the fact that specialized epithelial cells lose their features, including cell adhesion and polarity, reorganize their cytoskeleton, and acquire a mesenchymal morphology and the ability to migrate.
Collapse
|
21
|
Betz C, Lenard A, Belting HG, Affolter M. Cell behaviors and dynamics during angiogenesis. Development 2016; 143:2249-60. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.135616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vascular networks are formed and maintained through a multitude of angiogenic processes, such as sprouting, anastomosis and pruning. Only recently has it become possible to study the behavior of the endothelial cells that contribute to these networks at a single-cell level in vivo. This Review summarizes what is known about endothelial cell behavior during developmental angiogenesis, focusing on the morphogenetic changes that these cells undergo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Betz
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Anna Lenard
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Heinz-Georg Belting
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Markus Affolter
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Aydogan V, Lenard A, Denes AS, Sauteur L, Belting HG, Affolter M. Endothelial cell division in angiogenic sprouts of differing cellular architecture. Biol Open 2015; 4:1259-69. [PMID: 26369932 PMCID: PMC4610218 DOI: 10.1242/bio.012740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The vasculature of the zebrafish trunk is composed of tubes with different cellular architectures. Unicellular tubes form their lumen through membrane invagination and transcellular cell hollowing, whereas multicellular vessels become lumenized through a chord hollowing process. Endothelial cell proliferation is essential for the subsequent growth and maturation of the blood vessels. However, how cell division, lumen formation and cell rearrangement are coordinated during angiogenic sprouting has so far not been investigated at detailed cellular level. Reasoning that different tubular architectures may impose discrete mechanistic constraints on endothelial cell division, we analyzed and compared the sequential steps of cell division, namely mitotic rounding, cytokinesis, actin re-distribution and adherence junction formation, in different blood vessels. In particular, we characterized the interplay between cell rearrangement, mitosis and lumen dynamics within unicellular and multicellular tubes. The lumen of unicellular tubes becomes constricted and is ultimately displaced from the plane of cell division, where a de novo junction forms through the recruitment of junctional proteins at the site of abscission. By contrast, the new junctions separating the daughter cells within multicellular tubes form through the alteration of pre-existing junctions, and the lumen is retained throughout mitosis. We also describe variations in the progression of cytokinesis: while membrane furrowing between daughter cells is symmetric in unicellular tubes, we found that it is asymmetric in those multicellular tubes that contained a taut intercellular junction close to the plane of division. Our findings illustrate that during the course of normal development, the cell division machinery can accommodate multiple tube architectures, thereby avoiding disruptions to the vascular network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vahap Aydogan
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Anna Lenard
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | | | - Loic Sauteur
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Heinz-Georg Belting
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Markus Affolter
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yu JA, Castranova D, Pham VN, Weinstein BM. Single-cell analysis of endothelial morphogenesis in vivo. Development 2015; 142:2951-61. [PMID: 26253401 PMCID: PMC4582182 DOI: 10.1242/dev.123174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vessel formation has been extensively studied at the tissue level, but the difficulty in imaging the endothelium with cellular resolution has hampered study of the morphogenesis and behavior of endothelial cells (ECs) in vivo. We are using endothelial-specific transgenes and high-resolution imaging to examine single ECs in zebrafish. By generating mosaics with transgenes that simultaneously mark endothelial nuclei and membranes we are able to definitively identify and study the morphology and behavior of individual ECs during vessel sprouting and lumen formation. Using these methods, we show that developing trunk vessels are composed of ECs of varying morphology, and that single-cell analysis can be used to quantitate alterations in morphology and dynamics in ECs that are defective in proper guidance and patterning. Finally, we use single-cell analysis of intersegmental vessels undergoing lumen formation to demonstrate the coexistence of seamless transcellular lumens and single or multicellular enclosed lumens with autocellular or intercellular junctions, suggesting that heterogeneous mechanisms contribute to vascular lumen formation in vivo. The tools that we have developed for single EC analysis should facilitate further rigorous qualitative and quantitative analysis of EC morphology and behavior in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin A Yu
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Castranova
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Van N Pham
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive phospholipid that is present in all tissues examined to date. LPA signals extracellularly via cognate G protein-coupled receptors to mediate cellular processes such as survival, proliferation, differentiation, migration, adhesion and morphology. These LPA-influenced processes impact many aspects of organismal development. In particular, LPA signalling has been shown to affect fertility and reproduction, formation of the nervous system, and development of the vasculature. Here and in the accompanying poster, we review the developmentally related features of LPA signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Sheng
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Department, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yun C Yung
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Department, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Allison Chen
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Department, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jerold Chun
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Department, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abraham S, Scarcia M, Bagshaw RD, McMahon K, Grant G, Harvey T, Yeo M, Esteves FO, Thygesen HH, Jones PF, Speirs V, Hanby AM, Selby PJ, Lorger M, Dear TN, Pawson T, Marshall CJ, Mavria G. A Rac/Cdc42 exchange factor complex promotes formation of lateral filopodia and blood vessel lumen morphogenesis. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7286. [PMID: 26129894 PMCID: PMC4507007 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During angiogenesis, Rho-GTPases influence endothelial cell migration and cell-cell adhesion; however it is not known whether they control formation of vessel lumens, which are essential for blood flow. Here, using an organotypic system that recapitulates distinct stages of VEGF-dependent angiogenesis, we show that lumen formation requires early cytoskeletal remodelling and lateral cell-cell contacts, mediated through the RAC1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) DOCK4 (dedicator of cytokinesis 4). DOCK4 signalling is necessary for lateral filopodial protrusions and tubule remodelling prior to lumen formation, whereas proximal, tip filopodia persist in the absence of DOCK4. VEGF-dependent Rac activation via DOCK4 is necessary for CDC42 activation to signal filopodia formation and depends on the activation of RHOG through the RHOG GEF, SGEF. VEGF promotes interaction of DOCK4 with the CDC42 GEF DOCK9. These studies identify a novel Rho-family GTPase activation cascade for the formation of endothelial cell filopodial protrusions necessary for tubule remodelling, thereby influencing subsequent stages of lumen morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabu Abraham
- Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Biology, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Margherita Scarcia
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, St James' University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Richard D. Bagshaw
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, M5G 1X5 Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathryn McMahon
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, St James' University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Gary Grant
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, St James' University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Tracey Harvey
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, St James' University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Maggie Yeo
- Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Biology, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Filomena O.G. Esteves
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, St James' University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Helene H. Thygesen
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, St James' University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Pamela F. Jones
- Leeds Institutes of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, St James' University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Valerie Speirs
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, St James' University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Andrew M. Hanby
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, St James' University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Peter J. Selby
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, St James' University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Mihaela Lorger
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, St James' University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - T. Neil Dear
- Leeds Institutes of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, St James' University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Tony Pawson
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, M5G 1X5 Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher J. Marshall
- Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Biology, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Georgia Mavria
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, St James' University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lenard A, Daetwyler S, Betz C, Ellertsdottir E, Belting HG, Huisken J, Affolter M. Endothelial cell self-fusion during vascular pruning. PLoS Biol 2015; 13:e1002126. [PMID: 25884426 PMCID: PMC4401649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development, vascular networks remodel to meet the increasing demand of growing tissues for oxygen and nutrients. This is achieved by the pruning of redundant blood vessel segments, which then allows more efficient blood flow patterns. Because of the lack of an in vivo system suitable for high-resolution live imaging, the dynamics of the pruning process have not been described in detail. Here, we present the subintestinal vein (SIV) plexus of the zebrafish embryo as a novel model to study pruning at the cellular level. We show that blood vessel regression is a coordinated process of cell rearrangements involving lumen collapse and cell-cell contact resolution. Interestingly, the cellular rearrangements during pruning resemble endothelial cell behavior during vessel fusion in a reversed order. In pruning segments, endothelial cells first migrate toward opposing sides where they join the parental vascular branches, thus remodeling the multicellular segment into a unicellular connection. Often, the lumen is maintained throughout this process, and transient unicellular tubes form through cell self-fusion. In a second step, the unicellular connection is resolved unilaterally, and the pruning cell rejoins the opposing branch. Thus, we show for the first time that various cellular activities are coordinated to achieve blood vessel pruning and define two different morphogenetic pathways, which are selected by the flow environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lenard
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Daetwyler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Charles Betz
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jan Huisken
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Murfee WL, Sweat RS, Tsubota KI, Mac Gabhann F, Khismatullin D, Peirce SM. Applications of computational models to better understand microvascular remodelling: a focus on biomechanical integration across scales. Interface Focus 2015; 5:20140077. [PMID: 25844149 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2014.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvascular network remodelling is a common denominator for multiple pathologies and involves both angiogenesis, defined as the sprouting of new capillaries, and network patterning associated with the organization and connectivity of existing vessels. Much of what we know about microvascular remodelling at the network, cellular and molecular scales has been derived from reductionist biological experiments, yet what happens when the experiments provide incomplete (or only qualitative) information? This review will emphasize the value of applying computational approaches to advance our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and effects of microvascular remodelling. Examples of individual computational models applied to each of the scales will highlight the potential of answering specific questions that cannot be answered using typical biological experimentation alone. Looking into the future, we will also identify the needs and challenges associated with integrating computational models across scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter L Murfee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Tulane University , 500 Lindy Boggs Energy Center, New Orleans, LA 70118 , USA
| | - Richard S Sweat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Tulane University , 500 Lindy Boggs Energy Center, New Orleans, LA 70118 , USA
| | - Ken-Ichi Tsubota
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoi, Inage, Chiba 263-8522 , Japan
| | - Feilim Mac Gabhann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218 , USA ; Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218 , USA ; Institute for Computational Medicine , Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218 , USA
| | - Damir Khismatullin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Tulane University , 500 Lindy Boggs Energy Center, New Orleans, LA 70118 , USA
| | - Shayn M Peirce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Virginia , 415 Lane Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903 , USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yakkundi A, Bennett R, Hernández-Negrete I, Delalande JM, Hanna M, Lyubomska O, Arthur K, Short A, McKeen H, Nelson L, McCrudden CM, McNally R, McClements L, McCarthy HO, Burns AJ, Bicknell R, Kissenpfennig A, Robson T. FKBPL is a critical antiangiogenic regulator of developmental and pathological angiogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:845-54. [PMID: 25767277 PMCID: PMC4415967 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The antitumor effects of FK506-binding protein like (FKBPL) and its extracellular role in angiogenesis are well characterized; however, its role in physiological/developmental angiogenesis and the effect of FKBPL ablation has not been evaluated. This is important as effects of some angiogenic proteins are dosage dependent. Here we evaluate the regulation of FKBPL secretion under angiogenic stimuli, as well as the effect of FKBPL ablation in angiogenesis using mouse and zebrafish models. APPROACH AND RESULTS FKBPL is secreted maximally by human microvascular endothelial cells and fibroblasts, and this was specifically downregulated by proangiogenic hypoxic signals, but not by the angiogenic cytokines, VEGF or IL8. FKBPL's critical role in angiogenesis was supported by our inability to generate an Fkbpl knockout mouse, with embryonic lethality occurring before E8.5. However, whilst Fkbpl heterozygotic embryos showed some vasculature irregularities, the mice developed normally. In murine angiogenesis models, including the ex vivo aortic ring assay, in vivo sponge assay, and tumor growth assay, Fkbpl(+/-) mice exhibited increased sprouting, enhanced vessel recruitment, and faster tumor growth, respectively, supporting the antiangiogenic function of FKBPL. In zebrafish, knockdown of zFkbpl using morpholinos disrupted the vasculature, and the phenotype was rescued with hFKBPL. Interestingly, this vessel disruption was ineffective when zcd44 was knocked-down, supporting the dependency of zFkbpl on zCd44 in zebrafish. CONCLUSIONS FKBPL is an important regulator of angiogenesis, having an essential role in murine and zebrafish blood vessel development. Mouse models of angiogenesis demonstrated a proangiogenic phenotype in Fkbpl heterozygotes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Yakkundi
- From the McClay Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy (A.Y., R.B., M.H., O.L., A.S., H.M., L.N., C.M.M., R.M., L.M., H.O.M., T.R.), Centre for Infection and Immunity (M.H., O.L., A.K.), and Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (K.A.), School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK; School of Immunity and Infection and Cancer Studies, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (I.H.-N., R.B.); Centre for Digestive Diseases, Queen Mary, University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK (J.-M.D.); and Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK (J.-M.D., A.J.B.)
| | - Rachel Bennett
- From the McClay Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy (A.Y., R.B., M.H., O.L., A.S., H.M., L.N., C.M.M., R.M., L.M., H.O.M., T.R.), Centre for Infection and Immunity (M.H., O.L., A.K.), and Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (K.A.), School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK; School of Immunity and Infection and Cancer Studies, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (I.H.-N., R.B.); Centre for Digestive Diseases, Queen Mary, University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK (J.-M.D.); and Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK (J.-M.D., A.J.B.)
| | - Ivette Hernández-Negrete
- From the McClay Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy (A.Y., R.B., M.H., O.L., A.S., H.M., L.N., C.M.M., R.M., L.M., H.O.M., T.R.), Centre for Infection and Immunity (M.H., O.L., A.K.), and Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (K.A.), School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK; School of Immunity and Infection and Cancer Studies, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (I.H.-N., R.B.); Centre for Digestive Diseases, Queen Mary, University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK (J.-M.D.); and Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK (J.-M.D., A.J.B.)
| | - Jean-Marie Delalande
- From the McClay Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy (A.Y., R.B., M.H., O.L., A.S., H.M., L.N., C.M.M., R.M., L.M., H.O.M., T.R.), Centre for Infection and Immunity (M.H., O.L., A.K.), and Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (K.A.), School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK; School of Immunity and Infection and Cancer Studies, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (I.H.-N., R.B.); Centre for Digestive Diseases, Queen Mary, University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK (J.-M.D.); and Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK (J.-M.D., A.J.B.)
| | - Mary Hanna
- From the McClay Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy (A.Y., R.B., M.H., O.L., A.S., H.M., L.N., C.M.M., R.M., L.M., H.O.M., T.R.), Centre for Infection and Immunity (M.H., O.L., A.K.), and Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (K.A.), School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK; School of Immunity and Infection and Cancer Studies, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (I.H.-N., R.B.); Centre for Digestive Diseases, Queen Mary, University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK (J.-M.D.); and Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK (J.-M.D., A.J.B.)
| | - Oksana Lyubomska
- From the McClay Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy (A.Y., R.B., M.H., O.L., A.S., H.M., L.N., C.M.M., R.M., L.M., H.O.M., T.R.), Centre for Infection and Immunity (M.H., O.L., A.K.), and Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (K.A.), School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK; School of Immunity and Infection and Cancer Studies, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (I.H.-N., R.B.); Centre for Digestive Diseases, Queen Mary, University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK (J.-M.D.); and Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK (J.-M.D., A.J.B.)
| | - Kenneth Arthur
- From the McClay Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy (A.Y., R.B., M.H., O.L., A.S., H.M., L.N., C.M.M., R.M., L.M., H.O.M., T.R.), Centre for Infection and Immunity (M.H., O.L., A.K.), and Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (K.A.), School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK; School of Immunity and Infection and Cancer Studies, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (I.H.-N., R.B.); Centre for Digestive Diseases, Queen Mary, University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK (J.-M.D.); and Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK (J.-M.D., A.J.B.)
| | - Amy Short
- From the McClay Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy (A.Y., R.B., M.H., O.L., A.S., H.M., L.N., C.M.M., R.M., L.M., H.O.M., T.R.), Centre for Infection and Immunity (M.H., O.L., A.K.), and Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (K.A.), School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK; School of Immunity and Infection and Cancer Studies, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (I.H.-N., R.B.); Centre for Digestive Diseases, Queen Mary, University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK (J.-M.D.); and Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK (J.-M.D., A.J.B.)
| | - Hayley McKeen
- From the McClay Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy (A.Y., R.B., M.H., O.L., A.S., H.M., L.N., C.M.M., R.M., L.M., H.O.M., T.R.), Centre for Infection and Immunity (M.H., O.L., A.K.), and Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (K.A.), School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK; School of Immunity and Infection and Cancer Studies, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (I.H.-N., R.B.); Centre for Digestive Diseases, Queen Mary, University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK (J.-M.D.); and Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK (J.-M.D., A.J.B.)
| | - Laura Nelson
- From the McClay Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy (A.Y., R.B., M.H., O.L., A.S., H.M., L.N., C.M.M., R.M., L.M., H.O.M., T.R.), Centre for Infection and Immunity (M.H., O.L., A.K.), and Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (K.A.), School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK; School of Immunity and Infection and Cancer Studies, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (I.H.-N., R.B.); Centre for Digestive Diseases, Queen Mary, University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK (J.-M.D.); and Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK (J.-M.D., A.J.B.)
| | - Cian M McCrudden
- From the McClay Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy (A.Y., R.B., M.H., O.L., A.S., H.M., L.N., C.M.M., R.M., L.M., H.O.M., T.R.), Centre for Infection and Immunity (M.H., O.L., A.K.), and Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (K.A.), School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK; School of Immunity and Infection and Cancer Studies, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (I.H.-N., R.B.); Centre for Digestive Diseases, Queen Mary, University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK (J.-M.D.); and Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK (J.-M.D., A.J.B.)
| | - Ross McNally
- From the McClay Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy (A.Y., R.B., M.H., O.L., A.S., H.M., L.N., C.M.M., R.M., L.M., H.O.M., T.R.), Centre for Infection and Immunity (M.H., O.L., A.K.), and Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (K.A.), School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK; School of Immunity and Infection and Cancer Studies, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (I.H.-N., R.B.); Centre for Digestive Diseases, Queen Mary, University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK (J.-M.D.); and Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK (J.-M.D., A.J.B.)
| | - Lana McClements
- From the McClay Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy (A.Y., R.B., M.H., O.L., A.S., H.M., L.N., C.M.M., R.M., L.M., H.O.M., T.R.), Centre for Infection and Immunity (M.H., O.L., A.K.), and Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (K.A.), School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK; School of Immunity and Infection and Cancer Studies, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (I.H.-N., R.B.); Centre for Digestive Diseases, Queen Mary, University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK (J.-M.D.); and Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK (J.-M.D., A.J.B.)
| | - Helen O McCarthy
- From the McClay Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy (A.Y., R.B., M.H., O.L., A.S., H.M., L.N., C.M.M., R.M., L.M., H.O.M., T.R.), Centre for Infection and Immunity (M.H., O.L., A.K.), and Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (K.A.), School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK; School of Immunity and Infection and Cancer Studies, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (I.H.-N., R.B.); Centre for Digestive Diseases, Queen Mary, University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK (J.-M.D.); and Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK (J.-M.D., A.J.B.)
| | - Alan J Burns
- From the McClay Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy (A.Y., R.B., M.H., O.L., A.S., H.M., L.N., C.M.M., R.M., L.M., H.O.M., T.R.), Centre for Infection and Immunity (M.H., O.L., A.K.), and Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (K.A.), School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK; School of Immunity and Infection and Cancer Studies, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (I.H.-N., R.B.); Centre for Digestive Diseases, Queen Mary, University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK (J.-M.D.); and Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK (J.-M.D., A.J.B.)
| | - Roy Bicknell
- From the McClay Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy (A.Y., R.B., M.H., O.L., A.S., H.M., L.N., C.M.M., R.M., L.M., H.O.M., T.R.), Centre for Infection and Immunity (M.H., O.L., A.K.), and Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (K.A.), School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK; School of Immunity and Infection and Cancer Studies, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (I.H.-N., R.B.); Centre for Digestive Diseases, Queen Mary, University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK (J.-M.D.); and Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK (J.-M.D., A.J.B.)
| | - Adrien Kissenpfennig
- From the McClay Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy (A.Y., R.B., M.H., O.L., A.S., H.M., L.N., C.M.M., R.M., L.M., H.O.M., T.R.), Centre for Infection and Immunity (M.H., O.L., A.K.), and Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (K.A.), School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK; School of Immunity and Infection and Cancer Studies, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (I.H.-N., R.B.); Centre for Digestive Diseases, Queen Mary, University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK (J.-M.D.); and Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK (J.-M.D., A.J.B.)
| | - Tracy Robson
- From the McClay Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy (A.Y., R.B., M.H., O.L., A.S., H.M., L.N., C.M.M., R.M., L.M., H.O.M., T.R.), Centre for Infection and Immunity (M.H., O.L., A.K.), and Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (K.A.), School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK; School of Immunity and Infection and Cancer Studies, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK (I.H.-N., R.B.); Centre for Digestive Diseases, Queen Mary, University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK (J.-M.D.); and Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK (J.-M.D., A.J.B.).
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Thalgott J, Dos-Santos-Luis D, Lebrin F. Pericytes as targets in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Front Genet 2015; 6:37. [PMID: 25763012 PMCID: PMC4327729 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective paracrine Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) signaling between endothelial cells and the neighboring mural cells have been thought to lead to the development of vascular lesions that are characteristic of Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT). This review highlights recent progress in our understanding of TGF-β signaling in mural cell recruitment and vessel stabilization and how perturbed TGF-β signaling might contribute to defective endothelial-mural cell interaction affecting vessel functionalities. Our recent findings have provided exciting insights into the role of thalidomide, a drug that reduces both the frequency and the duration of epistaxis in individuals with HHT by targeting mural cells. These advances provide opportunities for the development of new therapies for vascular malformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Thalgott
- INSERM, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, UMR CNRS 7241/INSERM U1050, Group Pathological Angiogenesis and Vessel Normalization, Collège de France Paris, France
| | - Damien Dos-Santos-Luis
- INSERM, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, UMR CNRS 7241/INSERM U1050, Group Pathological Angiogenesis and Vessel Normalization, Collège de France Paris, France
| | - Franck Lebrin
- INSERM, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, UMR CNRS 7241/INSERM U1050, Group Pathological Angiogenesis and Vessel Normalization, Collège de France Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Schäker K, Bartsch S, Patry C, Stoll SJ, Hillebrands JL, Wieland T, Kroll J. The bipartite rac1 Guanine nucleotide exchange factor engulfment and cell motility 1/dedicator of cytokinesis 180 (elmo1/dock180) protects endothelial cells from apoptosis in blood vessel development. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:6408-18. [PMID: 25586182 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.633701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Engulfment and cell motility 1/dedicator of cytokinesis 180 (Elmo1/Dock180) is a bipartite guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the monomeric GTPase Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1). Elmo1/Dock180 regulates Rac1 activity in a specific spatiotemporal manner in endothelial cells (ECs) during zebrafish development and acts downstream of the Netrin-1/Unc5-homolog B (Unc5B) signaling cascade. However, mechanistic details on the pathways by which Elmo1/Dock180 regulates endothelial function and vascular development remained elusive. In this study, we aimed to analyze the vascular function of Elmo1 and Dock180 in human ECs and during vascular development in zebrafish embryos. In vitro overexpression of Elmo1 and Dock180 in ECs reduced caspase-3/7 activity and annexin V-positive cell number upon induction of apoptosis. This protective effect of Elmo1 and Dock180 is mediated by activation of Rac1, p21-activated kinase (PAK) and AKT/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling. In zebrafish, Elmo1 and Dock180 overexpression reduced the total apoptotic cell and apoptotic EC number and promoted the formation of blood vessels during embryogenesis. In conclusion, Elmo1 and Dock180 protect ECs from apoptosis by the activation of the Rac1/PAK/AKT signaling cascade in vitro and in vivo. Thus, Elmo1 and Dock180 facilitate blood vessel formation by stabilization of the endothelium during angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Schäker
- From the Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM) and Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, and
| | - Susanne Bartsch
- From the Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM) and
| | - Christian Patry
- From the Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM) and
| | - Sandra J Stoll
- From the Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM) and
| | - Jan-Luuk Hillebrands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Wieland
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jens Kroll
- From the Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM) and Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, and
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Xu C, Hasan SS, Schmidt I, Rocha SF, Pitulescu ME, Bussmann J, Meyen D, Raz E, Adams RH, Siekmann AF. Arteries are formed by vein-derived endothelial tip cells. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5758. [PMID: 25502622 PMCID: PMC4275597 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue vascularization entails the formation of a blood vessel plexus, which remodels into arteries and veins. Here we show, by using time-lapse imaging of zebrafish fin regeneration and genetic lineage tracing of endothelial cells in the mouse retina, that vein-derived endothelial tip cells contribute to emerging arteries. Our movies uncover that arterial-fated tip cells change migration direction and migrate backwards within the expanding vascular plexus. This behaviour critically depends on chemokine receptor cxcr4a function. We show that the relevant Cxcr4a ligand Cxcl12a selectively accumulates in newly forming bone tissue even when ubiquitously overexpressed, pointing towards a tissue-intrinsic mode of chemokine gradient formation. Furthermore, we find that cxcr4a mutant cells can contribute to developing arteries when in association with wild-type cells, suggesting collective migration of endothelial cells. Together, our findings reveal specific cell migratory behaviours in the developing blood vessel plexus and uncover a conserved mode of artery formation. Sprouting of new blood vessels depends on the migration of endothelial tip cells into surrounding tissue. Here the authors reveal the existence of a distinct migratory signalling circuit that guides endothelial cells from developing veins to the leading tip position in developing arteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xu
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstr. 20, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Sana S Hasan
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstr. 20, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Inga Schmidt
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstr. 20, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Susana F Rocha
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstr. 20, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Mara E Pitulescu
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstr. 20, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Jeroen Bussmann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstr. 20, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Dana Meyen
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Ralf H Adams
- 1] Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstr. 20, 48149 Muenster, Germany [2] University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Arndt F Siekmann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstr. 20, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Quantitative assessment of angiogenesis, perfused blood vessels and endothelial tip cells in the postnatal mouse brain. Nat Protoc 2014; 10:53-74. [PMID: 25502884 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2015.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During development and in various diseases of the CNS, new blood vessel formation starts with endothelial tip cell selection and vascular sprout migration, followed by the establishment of functional, perfused blood vessels. Here we describe a method that allows the assessment of these distinct angiogenic steps together with antibody-based protein detection in the postnatal mouse brain. Intravascular and perivascular markers such as Evans blue (EB), isolectin B4 (IB4) or laminin (LN) are used alongside simultaneous immunofluorescence on the same sections. By using confocal laser-scanning microscopy and stereological methods for analysis, detailed quantification of the 3D postnatal brain vasculature for perfused and nonperfused vessels (e.g., vascular volume fraction, vessel length and number, number of branch points and perfusion status of the newly formed vessels) and characterization of sprouting activity (e.g., endothelial tip cell density, filopodia number) can be obtained. The entire protocol, from mouse perfusion to vessel analysis, takes ∼10 d.
Collapse
|
33
|
Campana L, Santarella F, Esposito A, Maugeri N, Rigamonti E, Monno A, Canu T, Del Maschio A, Bianchi ME, Manfredi AA, Rovere-Querini P. Leukocyte HMGB1 is required for vessel remodeling in regenerating muscles. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:5257-64. [PMID: 24752445 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Signals of tissue necrosis, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), cause inflammation. Leukocytes migrating into injured tissues tonically release DAMPs, including the high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1). In the absence of suitable models, the relative role of DAMPs released because of necrosis or leukocyte activation has not, so far, been dissected. We have generated a mouse model lacking Hmgb1 in the hematopoietic system and studied the response to acute sterile injury of the skeletal muscle. Regenerating fibers are significantly less numerous at earlier time points and smaller at the end of the process. Leukocyte Hmgb1 licenses the skeletal muscle to react to hypoxia, to express angiopoietin-2, and to initiate angiogenesis in response to injury. Vascularization of the regenerating tissue is selectively jeopardized in the absence of leukocyte Hmgb1, revealing that it controls the nutrient and oxygen supply to the regenerating tissue. Altogether, our results reveal a novel nonredundant role for leukocyte Hmgb1 in the repair of injured skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Campana
- Innate Immunity and Tissue Remodeling Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Santarella
- Innate Immunity and Tissue Remodeling Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Esposito
- Vita-Salute, San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; Radiology Department, Centre for Experimental Imaging, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Norma Maugeri
- Autoimmunity and Vascular Inflammation Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; and
| | - Elena Rigamonti
- Innate Immunity and Tissue Remodeling Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Monno
- Innate Immunity and Tissue Remodeling Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Tamara Canu
- Radiology Department, Centre for Experimental Imaging, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Del Maschio
- Vita-Salute, San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; Radiology Department, Centre for Experimental Imaging, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco E Bianchi
- Radiology Department, Centre for Experimental Imaging, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Chromatin Dynamics Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo A Manfredi
- Vita-Salute, San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; Autoimmunity and Vascular Inflammation Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; and
| | - Patrizia Rovere-Querini
- Innate Immunity and Tissue Remodeling Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute, San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Xue N, Bertulli C, Sadok A, Huang YYS. Dynamics of filopodium-like protrusion and endothelial cellular motility on one-dimensional extracellular matrix fibrils. Interface Focus 2014; 4:20130060. [PMID: 24748955 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2013.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial filopodia play key roles in guiding the tubular sprouting during angiogenesis. However, their dynamic morphological characteristics, with the associated implications in cell motility, have been subjected to limited investigations. In this work, the interaction between endothelial cells and extracellular matrix fibrils was recapitulated in vitro, where a specific focus was paid to derive the key morphological parameters to define the dynamics of filopodium-like protrusion during cell motility. Based on one-dimensional gelatin fibrils patterned by near-field electrospinning (NFES), we study the response of endothelial cells (EA.hy926) under normal culture or ROCK inhibition. It is shown that the behaviour of temporal protrusion length versus cell motility can be divided into distinct modes. Persistent migration was found to be one of the modes which permitted cell displacement for over 300 µm at a speed of approximately 1 µm min(-1). ROCK inhibition resulted in abnormally long protrusions and diminished the persistent migration, but dramatically increased the speeds of protrusion extension and retraction. Finally, we also report the breakage of protrusion during cell motility, and examine its phenotypic behaviours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niannan Xue
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0HE , UK
| | - Cristina Bertulli
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0HE , UK
| | - Amine Sadok
- The Institute of Cancer Research , 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB , UK
| | - Yan Yan Shery Huang
- Department of Engineering , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 1PZ , UK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Intussusceptive angiogenesis: expansion and remodeling of microvascular networks. Angiogenesis 2014; 17:499-509. [PMID: 24668225 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-014-9428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Intussusceptive angiogenesis is a dynamic intravascular process capable of dramatically modifying the structure of the microcirculation. The distinctive structural feature of intussusceptive angiogenesis is the intussusceptive pillar--a cylindrical microstructure that spans the lumen of small vessels and capillaries. The extension of the intussusceptive pillar appears to be a mechanism for pruning redundant or inefficient vessels, modifying the branch angle of bifurcating vessels and duplicating existing vessels. Despite the biological importance and therapeutic potential, intussusceptive angiogenesis remains a mystery, in part, because it is an intravascular process that is unseen by conventional light microscopy. Here, we review several fundamental questions in the context of our current understanding of both intussusceptive and sprouting angiogenesis. (1) What are the physiologic signals that trigger pillar formation? (2) What endothelial and blood flow conditions specify pillar location? (3) How do pillars respond to the mechanical influence of blood flow? (4) What biological influences contribute to pillar extension? The answers to these questions are likely to provide important insights into the structure and function of microvascular networks.
Collapse
|
36
|
German AE, Mammoto T, Jiang E, Ingber DE, Mammoto A. Paxillin controls endothelial cell migration and tumor angiogenesis by altering neuropilin 2 expression. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:1672-83. [PMID: 24522185 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.132316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a number of growth factors and receptors are known to control tumor angiogenesis, relatively little is known about the mechanism by which these factors influence the directional endothelial cell migration required for cancer microvessel formation. Recently, it has been shown that the focal adhesion protein paxillin is required for directional migration of fibroblasts in vitro. Here, we show that paxillin knockdown enhances endothelial cell migration in vitro and stimulates angiogenesis during normal development and in response to tumor angiogenic factors in vivo. Paxillin produces these effects by decreasing expression of neuropilin 2 (NRP2). Moreover, soluble factors secreted by tumors that stimulate vascular ingrowth, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), also decrease endothelial cell expression of paxillin and NRP2, and overexpression of NRP2 reverses these effects. These results suggest that the VEGF-paxillin-NRP2 pathway could represent a new therapeutic target for cancer and other angiogenesis-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E German
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Endothelial cells expressing low levels of CD143 (ACE) exhibit enhanced sprouting and potency in relieving tissue ischemia. Angiogenesis 2014; 17:617-30. [PMID: 24414940 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-014-9414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The sprouting of endothelial cells from pre-existing blood vessels represents a critical event in the angiogenesis cascade. However, only a fraction of cultured or transplanted endothelial cells form new vessels. Moreover, it is unclear whether this results from a stochastic process or instead relates to certain endothelial cells having a greater angiogenic potential. This study investigated whether there exists a sub-population of cultured endothelial cells with enhanced angiogenic potency in vitro and in vivo. First, endothelial cells that participated in sprouting, and non-sprouting cells, were separately isolated from a 3D fibrin gel sprouting assay. Interestingly, the sprouting cells, when placed back into the same assay, displayed a sevenfold increase in the number of sprouts, as compared to control cells. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (CD143) was significantly down regulated on sprouting cells, as compared to regular endothelial cells. A subset of endothelial cells with low CD143 expression was then prospectively isolated from an endothelial cell culture. Finally, these cells were found to have greater potency in alleviating local ischemia, and restoring regional blood perfusion when transplanted into ischemic hindlimbs, as compared to unsorted endothelial cells. In summary, this study indicates that low expression of CD143 can be used as a biomarker to identify an endothelial cell sub-population that is more capable to drive neovascularization.
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
An intact microcirculation is vital for diffusion of oxygen and nutrients and for removal of toxins of every organ and system in the human body. The functional and/or anatomical loss of microvessels is known as rarefaction, which can compromise the normal organ function and have been suggested as a possible starting point of several diseases. The purpose of this overview is to discuss the potential underlying mechanisms leading to renal microvascular rarefaction, and the potential consequences on renal function and on the progression of renal damage. Although the kidney is a special organ that receives much more blood than its metabolic needs, experimental and clinical evidence indicates that renal microvascular rarefaction is associated to prevalent cardiovascular diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis, either as cause or consequence. On the other hand, emerging experimental evidence using progenitor cells or angiogenic cytokines supports the feasibility of therapeutic interventions capable of modifying the progressive nature of microvascular rarefaction in the kidney. This overview will also attempt to discuss the potential renoprotective mechanisms of the therapeutic targeting of the renal microcirculation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro R Chade
- The Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular-Renal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Theveneau E, Mayor R. Collective cell migration of epithelial and mesenchymal cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:3481-92. [PMID: 23314710 PMCID: PMC11113167 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1251-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Directional cell migration is required for proper embryogenesis, immunity, and healing, and its underpinning regulatory mechanisms are often hijacked during diseases such as chronic inflammations and cancer metastasis. Studies on migratory epithelial tissues have revealed that cells can move as a collective group with shared responsibilities. First thought to be restricted to proper epithelial cell types able to maintain stable cell-cell junctions, the field of collective cell migration is now widening to include cooperative behavior of mesenchymal cells. In this review, we give an overview of the mechanisms driving collective cell migration in epithelial tissues and discuss how mesenchymal cells can cooperate to behave as a collective in the absence of bona fide cell-cell adhesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Theveneau
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lee PF, Bai Y, Smith RL, Bayless KJ, Yeh AT. Angiogenic responses are enhanced in mechanically and microscopically characterized, microbial transglutaminase crosslinked collagen matrices with increased stiffness. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:7178-90. [PMID: 23571003 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
During angiogenesis, endothelial cells (ECs) use both soluble and insoluble cues to expand the existing vascular network to meet the changing trophic needs of the tissue. Fundamental to this expansion are physical interactions between ECs and extracellular matrix (ECM) that influence sprout migration, lumen formation and stabilization. These physical interactions suggest that ECM mechanical properties may influence sprouting ECs and, therefore, angiogenic responses. In a three-dimensional angiogenic model in which a monolayer of ECs is induced to invade an underlying collagen matrix, angiogenic responses were measured as a function of collagen matrix stiffness by inducing collagen crosslinking with microbial transglutaminase (mTG). By biaxial mechanical testing, stiffer collagen matrices were measured with both mTG treatment and incubation time. Using two-photon excited fluorescence (TPF) and second harmonic generation (SHG), it was shown that collagen TPF intensity increased with mTG treatment, and the TPF/SHG ratio correlated with biaxially tested mechanical stiffness. SHG and OCM were further used to show that other ECM physical properties such as porosity and pore size did not change with mTG treatment, thus verifying that matrix stiffness was tuned independently of matrix density. The results showed that stiffer matrices promote more angiogenic sprouts that invade deeper. No differences in lumen size were observed between control and mTG stiffened matrices, but greater remodeling was revealed in stiffer gels using SHG and OCM. The results of this study show that angiogenic responses are influenced by stiffness and suggest that ECM properties may be useful in regenerative medicine applications to engineer angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P-F Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Goncharov T, Niessen K, de Almagro MC, Izrael-Tomasevic A, Fedorova AV, Varfolomeev E, Arnott D, Deshayes K, Kirkpatrick DS, Vucic D. OTUB1 modulates c-IAP1 stability to regulate signalling pathways. EMBO J 2013; 32:1103-14. [PMID: 23524849 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2013.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular inhibitor of apoptosis (c-IAP) proteins are E3 ubiquitin ligases that are critical regulators of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor (TNFR)-mediated signalling. Through their E3 ligase activity c-IAP proteins promote ubiquitination of receptor-interaction protein 1 (RIP1), NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) and themselves, and regulate the assembly of TNFR signalling complexes. Consequently, in the absence of c-IAP proteins, TNFR-mediated activation of NF-κB and MAPK pathways and the induction of gene expression are severely reduced. Here, we describe the identification of OTUB1 as a c-IAP-associated deubiquitinating enzyme that regulates c-IAP1 stability. OTUB1 disassembles K48-linked polyubiquitin chains from c-IAP1 in vitro and in vivo within the TWEAK receptor-signalling complex. Downregulation of OTUB1 promotes TWEAK- and IAP antagonist-stimulated caspase activation and cell death, and enhances c-IAP1 degradation. Furthermore, knockdown of OTUB1 reduces TWEAK-induced activation of canonical NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathways and modulates TWEAK-induced gene expression. Finally, suppression of OTUB1 expression in zebrafish destabilizes c-IAP (Birc2) protein levels and disrupts fish vasculature. These results suggest that OTUB1 regulates NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathways and TNF-dependent cell death by modulating c-IAP1 stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Goncharov
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ferreira AK, Freitas VM, Levy D, Ruiz JLM, Bydlowski SP, Rici REG, Filho OMR, Chierice GO, Maria DA. Anti-angiogenic and anti-metastatic activity of synthetic phosphoethanolamine. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57937. [PMID: 23516420 PMCID: PMC3597720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer, and represents the third most common urological malignancy. Despite the advent of targeted therapies for RCC and the improvement of the lifespan of patients, its cost-effectiveness restricted the therapeutic efficacy. In a recent report, we showed that synthetic phosphoethanolamine (Pho-s) has a broad antitumor activity on a variety of tumor cells and showed potent inhibitor effects on tumor progress in vivo. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We show that murine renal carcinoma (Renca) is more sensitive to Pho-s when compared to normal immortalized rat proximal tubule cells (IRPTC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). In vitro anti-angiogenic activity assays show that Pho-s inhibits endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation. In addition, Pho-s has anti-proliferative effects on HUVEC by inducing a cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. It causes a decrease in cyclin D1 mRNA, VEGFR1 gene transcription and VEGFR1 receptor expression. Pho-s also induces nuclear fragmentation and affects the organization of the cytoskeleton through the disruption of actin filaments. Additionally, Pho-s induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. The putative therapeutic potential of Pho-s was validated in a renal carcinoma model, on which our remarkable in vivo results show that Pho-s potentially inhibits lung metastasis in nude mice, with a superior efficacy when compared to Sunitinib. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, our findings provide evidence that Pho-s is a compound that potently inhibits lung metastasis, suggesting that it is a promising novel candidate drug for future developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adilson Kleber Ferreira
- Biochemistry and Biophysical Laboratory, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Experimental Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Morais Freitas
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora Levy
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology (LIM-31), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Luiz Mária Ruiz
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology (LIM-31), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Paulo Bydlowski
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology (LIM-31), Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rose Eli Grassi Rici
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of the Veterinary Medicine and Zootecny, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Durvanei Augusto Maria
- Biochemistry and Biophysical Laboratory, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Experimental Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ochoa-Espinosa A, Affolter M. Branching morphogenesis: from cells to organs and back. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2012; 4:cshperspect.a008243. [PMID: 22798543 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a008243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Many animal organs, such as the lung, the kidney, the mammary gland, and the vasculature, consist of branched tubular structures that arise through a process known as "branching morphogenesis" that results from the remodeling of epithelial or endothelial sheaths into multicellular tubular networks. In recent years, the combination of molecular biology, forward and reverse genetic approaches, and their complementation by live imaging has started to unravel rules and mechanisms controlling branching processes in animals. Common patterns of branch formation spanning diverse model systems are beginning to emerge that might reflect unifying principles of tubular organ formation.
Collapse
|
44
|
ALK1 signaling inhibits angiogenesis by cooperating with the Notch pathway. Dev Cell 2012; 22:489-500. [PMID: 22421041 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) is an endothelial-specific member of the TGF-β/BMP receptor family that is inactivated in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). How ALK1 signaling regulates angiogenesis remains incompletely understood. Here we show that ALK1 inhibits angiogenesis by cooperating with the Notch pathway. Blocking Alk1 signaling during postnatal development in mice leads to retinal hypervascularization and the appearance of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Combined blockade of Alk1 and Notch signaling further exacerbates hypervascularization, whereas activation of Alk1 by its high-affinity ligand BMP9 rescues hypersprouting induced by Notch inhibition. Mechanistically, ALK1-dependent SMAD signaling synergizes with activated Notch in stalk cells to induce expression of the Notch targets HEY1 and HEY2, thereby repressing VEGF signaling, tip cell formation, and endothelial sprouting. Taken together, these results uncover a direct link between ALK1 and Notch signaling during vascular morphogenesis that may be relevant to the pathogenesis of HHT vascular lesions.
Collapse
|
45
|
Eichmann A, Simons M. VEGF signaling inside vascular endothelial cells and beyond. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2012; 24:188-93. [PMID: 22366328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) has long been recognized as the key regulator of vascular development and function in health and disease. VEGF is a secreted polypeptide that binds to transmembrane tyrosine kinase VEGF receptors on the plasma membrane, inducing their dimerization, activation and assembly of a membrane-proximal signaling complex. Recent studies have revealed that many key events of VEGFR signaling occur inside the endothelial cell and are regulated by endosomal receptor trafficking. Plasma membrane VEGFR interacting molecules, including vascular guidance receptors Neuropilins and Ephrins also regulate VEGFR endocytosis and trafficking. VEGF signaling is increasingly recognized for its roles outside of the vascular system, notably during neural development, and blood vessels regulate epithelial branching morphogenesis. We review here recent advances in our understanding of VEGF signaling and its biological roles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Eichmann
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States.
| | | |
Collapse
|