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Mangrulkar SV, Wankhede NL, Kale MB, Upaganlawar AB, Taksande BG, Umekar MJ, Anwer MK, Dailah HG, Mohan S, Behl T. Mitochondrial Dysfunction as a Signaling Target for Therapeutic Intervention in Major Neurodegenerative Disease. Neurotox Res 2023; 41:708-729. [PMID: 37162686 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-023-00647-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) are incurable and the most prevalent cognitive and motor disorders of elderly. Mitochondria are essential for a wide range of cellular processes playing a pivotal role in a number of cellular functions like metabolism, intracellular signaling, apoptosis, and immunity. A plethora of evidence indicates the central role of mitochondrial functions in pathogenesis of many aging related NDD. Considering how mitochondria function in neurodegenerative diseases, oxidative stress, and mutations in mtDNA both contribute to aging. Many substantial reports suggested the involvement of numerous contributing factors including, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, mitophagy, accumulation of somatic mtDNA mutations, compromised mitochondrial dynamics, and transport within axons in neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Therapies therefore target fundamental mitochondrial processes such as energy metabolism, free-radical generation, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial redox state, mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial protein synthesis, mitochondrial quality control, and metabolism hold great promise to develop pharmacological based therapies in NDD. By emphasizing the most efficient pharmacological strategies to target dysfunction of mitochondria in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, this review serves the scientific community engaged in translational medical science by focusing on the establishment of novel, mitochondria-targeted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nitu L Wankhede
- Smt. Shantabai Patil College of Diploma in Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mayur B Kale
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aman B Upaganlawar
- SNJB's Shriman Sureshdada Jain College of Pharmacy, Neminagar, Chandwad, Nasik, Maharashta, India
| | - Brijesh G Taksande
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Milind J Umekar
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Md Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, 16278, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad Ghaleb Dailah
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
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2
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Kaur S, Sehrawat A, Mastana SS, Kandimalla R, Sharma PK, Bhatti GK, Bhatti JS. Targeting calcium homeostasis and impaired inter-organelle crosstalk as a potential therapeutic approach in Parkinson's disease. Life Sci 2023; 330:121995. [PMID: 37541578 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to motor symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Current therapeutic strategies for PD are limited and mainly involve symptomatic relief, with no available treatment for the underlying causes of the disease. Therefore, there is a need for new therapeutic approaches that target the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of PD. Calcium homeostasis is an essential process for maintaining proper cellular function and survival, including neuronal cells. Calcium dysregulation is also observed in various organelles, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, and lysosomes, resulting in organelle dysfunction and impaired inter-organelle communication. The ER, as the primary calcium reservoir, is responsible for folding proteins and maintaining calcium homeostasis, and its dysregulation can lead to protein misfolding and neurodegeneration. The crosstalk between ER and mitochondrial calcium signaling is disrupted in PD, leading to neuronal dysfunction and death. In addition, a lethal network of calcium cytotoxicity utilizes mitochondria, ER and lysosome to destroy neurons. This review article focused on the complex role of calcium dysregulation and its role in aggravating functioning of organelles in PD so as to provide new insight into therapeutic strategies for treating this disease. Targeting dysfunctional organelles, such as the ER and mitochondria and lysosomes and whole network of calcium dyshomeostasis can restore proper calcium homeostasis and improve neuronal function. Additionally targeting calcium dyshomeostasis that arises from miscommunication between several organelles can be targeted so that therapeutic effects of calcium are realised in whole cellular territory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satinder Kaur
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Abhishek Sehrawat
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Sarabjit Singh Mastana
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
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3
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Li Y, Li N, Luan C, Pei Y, Zheng Q, Yan B, Ma X, Liu W. Identification of novel key markers that are induced during traumatic brain injury in mice. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15981. [PMID: 37645012 PMCID: PMC10461542 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has emerged as an increasing public health problem but has not been well studied, particularly the mechanisms of brain cellular behaviors during TBI. Methods In this study, we established an ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) brain injury mice model using transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) strategy. After then, RNA-sequencing of frontal lobes was performed to screen key inducers during TBI. To further verify the selected genes, we collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from TBI patients within 24 h who attended intensive care unit (ICU) in the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University and analyzed the genes expression using RT-qPCR. Finally, the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves and co-expression with cellular senescence markers were applied to evaluate the predictive value of the genes. Results A total of six genes were screened out from the RNA-sequencing based on their novelty in TBI and implications in apoptosis and cellular senescence signaling. RT-qPCR analysis of PBMCs from patients showed the six genes were all up-regulated during TBI after comparing with healthy volunteers who attended the hospital for physical examination. The area under ROC (AUC) curves were all >0.7, and the co-expression scores of the six genes with senescence markers were all significantly positive. We thus identified TGM1, TGM2, ATF3, RCN3, ORAI1 and ITPR3 as novel key markers that are induced during TBI, and these markers may also serve as potential predictors for the progression of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Li
- Department of Intensive Care, the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ningbo Li
- Department of Intensive Care, the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changjiao Luan
- Department of Intensive Care, the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Lung, the Third People’s Hospital of Yangzhou, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yunlong Pei
- Department of Intensive Care, the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingbin Zheng
- Department of Intensive Care, the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingchun Yan
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xingjie Ma
- Department of Intensive Care, the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weili Liu
- Department of Intensive Care, the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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4
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He Q, Qu M, Shen T, Su J, Xu Y, Xu C, Barkat MQ, Cai J, Zhu H, Zeng LH, Wu X. Control of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes by protein S-palmitoylation: Novel therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101920. [PMID: 37004843 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) are dynamic coupling structures between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). As a new subcellular structure, MAMs combine the two critical organelle functions. Mitochondria and the ER could regulate each other via MAMs. MAMs are involved in calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis, autophagy, ER stress, lipid metabolism, etc. Researchers have found that MAMs are closely related to metabolic syndrome and neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). The formation of MAMs and their functions depend on specific proteins. Numerous protein enrichments, such as the IP3R-Grp75-VDAC complex, constitute MAMs. The changes in these proteins govern the interaction between mitochondria and the ER; they also affect the biological functions of MAMs. S-palmitoylation is a reversible protein post-translational modification (PTM) that mainly occurs on protein cysteine residues. More and more studies have shown that the S-palmitoylation of proteins is closely related to their membrane localization. Here, we first briefly describe the composition and function of MAMs, reviewing the component and biological roles of MAMs mediated by S-palmitoylation, elaborating on S-palmitoylated proteins in Ca2+ flux, lipid rafts, and so on. We try to provide new insight into the molecular basis of MAMs-related diseases, mainly NDs. Finally, we propose potential drug compounds targeting S-palmitoylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang He
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Pharmacology, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Meiyu Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tingyu Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiakun Su
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Jiangxi Industrial Co. Ltd., Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Yana Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chengyun Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Qasim Barkat
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jibao Cai
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Jiangxi Industrial Co. Ltd., Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Haibin Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ling-Hui Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| | - Ximei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Bigham NP, Wilson JJ. Investigation of Cobalt(III) Cage Complexes as Inhibitors of the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter. Eur J Inorg Chem 2023; 26:e202200735. [PMID: 37636126 PMCID: PMC10449033 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) mediates uptake of calcium ions (Ca2+) into the mitochondria, a process that is vital for maintaining normal cellular function. Inhibitors of the MCU, the most promising of which are dinuclear ruthenium coordination compounds, have found use as both therapeutic agents and tools for studying the importance of this ion channel. In this study, six Co3+ cage compounds with sarcophagine-like ligands were assessed for their abilities to inhibit MCU-mediated mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. These complexes were synthesized and characterized according to literature procedures and then investigated in cellular systems for their MCU-inhibitory activities. Among these six compounds, [Co(sen)]3+ (3, sen = 5-(4-amino-2-azabutyl)-5-methyl-3,7-diaza-1,9-nonanediamine) was identified to be a potent MCU inhibitor, with IC50 values of inhibition of 160 and 180 nM in permeabilized HeLa and HEK293T cells, respectively. Furthermore, the cellular uptake of compound 3 was determined, revealing moderate accumulation in cells. Most notably, 3 was demonstrated to operate in intact cells as an MCU inhibitor. Collectively, this work presents the viability of using cobalt coordination complexes as MCU inhibitors, providing a new direction for researchers to investigate in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Bigham
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Justin J Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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Zhang Q, Song Q, Yu R, Wang A, Jiang G, Huang Y, Chen J, Xu J, Wang D, Chen H, Gao X. Nano-Brake Halts Mitochondrial Dysfunction Cascade to Alleviate Neuropathology and Rescue Alzheimer's Cognitive Deficits. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204596. [PMID: 36703613 PMCID: PMC9982524 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been recognized as the key pathogenesis of most neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The dysregulation of mitochondrial calcium ion (Ca2+ ) homeostasis and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), is a critical upstream signaling pathway that contributes to the mitochondrial dysfunction cascade in AD pathogenesis. Herein, a "two-hit braking" therapeutic strategy to synergistically halt mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and mPTP opening to put the mitochondrial dysfunction cascade on a brake is proposed. To achieve this goal, magnesium ion (Mg2+ ), a natural Ca2+ antagonist, and siRNA to the central mPTP regulator cyclophilin D (CypD), are co-encapsulated into the designed nano-brake; A matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) activatable cell-penetrating peptide (MAP) is anchored on the surface of nano-brake to overcome the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and realize targeted delivery to the mitochondrial dysfunction cells of the brain. Nano-brake treatment efficiently halts the mitochondrial dysfunction cascade in the cerebrovascular endothelial cells, neurons, and microglia and powerfully alleviates AD neuropathology and rescues cognitive deficits. These findings collectively demonstrate the potential of advanced design of nanotherapeutics to halt the key upstream signaling pathways of mitochondrial dysfunction to provide a powerful strategy for AD modifying therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine280 South Chongqing RoadShanghai200025China
| | - Qingxiang Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine280 South Chongqing RoadShanghai200025China
| | - Renhe Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine280 South Chongqing RoadShanghai200025China
| | - Antian Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine280 South Chongqing RoadShanghai200025China
| | - Gan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine280 South Chongqing RoadShanghai200025China
| | - Yukun Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine280 South Chongqing RoadShanghai200025China
| | - Jun Chen
- School of PharmacyShanghai Pudong Hospital & Department of PharmaceuticsFudan UniversityLane 826, Zhangheng RoadShanghai201203China
| | - Jianrong Xu
- Academy of Integrative MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine1200 Cailun RoadShanghai201203China
| | - Dayuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine280 South Chongqing RoadShanghai200025China
| | - Hongzhuan Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical ResearchShuguang HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine1200 Cailun RoadShanghai201203China
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine280 South Chongqing RoadShanghai200025China
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Kumar H, Kulkarni G, Diwan V, Sharma B. Shielding Effect of Ryanodine Receptor Modulator in Rat Model of Autism. Basic Clin Neurosci 2023; 14:247-261. [PMID: 38107532 PMCID: PMC10719969 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.2021.2966.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction A neurodevelopmental disorder, autism is typically identified with three primary behavioral consequences, such as social impairment, communication problems, and limited or stereotypical behavior. Because of its co-morbidity and lack of therapeutic options, autism is a global economic burden. A short chain of fatty acid, propionic acid is formed biologically by the gut microbiome. Propionic acid levels that are too high can cause leaky intestines, which can lead to autism-like symptoms. Methods To induce autism, male Albino Wistar rats were given propionic acid (250 mg/kg/po on the 21st, 22nd, and 23rd postnatal days). Rats also received a ryanodine receptor antagonist (Ruthenium red: 3 mg/kg/po; postnatal 21st to 50th day) to see what influence it had on propionic acid-induced autism. Anxiety, social behavior, and repeated behaviors were all assessed, as well as oxidative stress, inflammatory indicators, neuro signaling proteins, and blood-brain barrier permeability. Results Ruthenium red was found to counter the propionic acid-induced increases in anxiety, repetitive behavior prefrontal cortex levels of IL-6, TNF-α, TBARS, Evans blue leakage, and water content along with decreases in social behavior, IL-10, and GSH followed by hippocampus CREB and BDNF levels. Conclusion Ryanodine receptor antagonists presented a neuroprotective effect in propionic acid-induced conditions like autism by modulatory effects on social and repetitive behavior, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuroprotein changes. Ryanodine receptors can be further explored in depth to manage autism as a condition. Highlights Ruthenium red can reduce the propionic acid-induced anxiety of rats with autism.Ruthenium red can improve the propionic acid-induced changes in repetitive behavior of rats with autism.Ruthenium red can reduce the propionic acid-induced social behavior dysfunction in rats with autism. Plain Language Summary Autism is a complex heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder mainly diagnosed with social behavior dysfunction, communication problems, and repetitive behavior. Due to high comorbidity and multiple unknown factors involvement, its exact etiology remains unclear, and so no successful treatment is available. Among the environmentally produced models of autism in rats, the most common is created by propionic acid (PPA). With short-chain type fatty acid, PPA is one of the mediators for the cycle of cell metabolism. This study attempted to study the effect of a ryano-dine receptor antagonist (Ruthenium red) on PPA-induced Anxiety, social behavior dysfunction, and repeated behaviors in rats with autism. The results showed the modulatory effects of Ruthenium red PPA-induced conditions including social and repetitive behavior, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuroprotein changes in rats with autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hariom Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Nodia, India
| | - G.T. Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Nodia, India
| | - Vishal Diwan
- UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Bhupesh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Nodia, India
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Joshi M, Joshi S, Khambete M, Degani M. Role of calcium dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease and its therapeutic implications. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 101:453-468. [PMID: 36373976 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) coupled with the lack of therapeutics to address the underlying pathology of the disease has necessitated the need for exploring newer targets. Calcium dysregulation represents a relatively newer target associated with AD. Ca+2 serves as an important cellular messenger in neurons. The concentration of the Ca+2 ion needs to be regulated at optimal concentrations intracellularly for normal functioning of the neurons. This is achieved with the help of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and neuronal plasma membrane channel proteins. Disruption in normal calcium homeostasis can induce formation of amyloid beta plaques, accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles, and dysfunction of synaptic plasticity, which in turn can affect calcium homeostasis further, thus forming a vicious cycle. Hence, understanding calcium dysregulation can prove to be a key to develop newer therapeutics. This review provides detailed account of physiology of calcium homeostasis and its dysregulation associated with AD. Further, with an understanding of various receptors and organelles involved in these pathways, the review also discusses various calcium channel blockers explored in AD hand in hand with some multitarget molecules addressing calcium as one of the targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maithili Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Siddhi Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Mihir Khambete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Mariam Degani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
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9
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La Barbera L, Nobili A, Cauzzi E, Paoletti I, Federici M, Saba L, Giacomet C, Marino R, Krashia P, Melone M, Keller F, Mercuri NB, Viscomi MT, Conti F, D’Amelio M. Upregulation of Ca 2+-binding proteins contributes to VTA dopamine neuron survival in the early phases of Alzheimer's disease in Tg2576 mice. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:76. [PMID: 36434727 PMCID: PMC9700939 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00580-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent clinical and experimental studies have highlighted the involvement of Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons for the early pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). We have previously described a progressive and selective degeneration of these neurons in the Tg2576 mouse model of AD, long before amyloid-beta plaque formation. The degenerative process in DA neurons is associated with an autophagy flux impairment, whose rescue can prevent neuronal loss. Impairments in autophagy can be the basis for accumulation of damaged mitochondria, leading to disturbance in calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis, and to functional and structural deterioration of DA neurons. METHODS In Tg2576 mice, we performed amperometric recordings of DA levels and analysis of dopaminergic fibers in the Nucleus Accumbens - a major component of the ventral striatum precociously affected in AD patients - together with retrograde tracing, to identify the most vulnerable DA neuron subpopulations in the VTA. Then, we focused on these neurons to analyze mitochondrial integrity and Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) localization by electron and confocal microscopy, respectively. Stereological cell count was also used to evaluate degeneration of DA neuron subpopulations containing the Ca2+-binding proteins Calbindin-D28K and Calretinin. The expression levels for these proteins were analyzed by western blot and confocal microscopy. Lastly, using electrophysiology and microfluorometry we analyzed VTA DA neuron intrinsic properties and cytosolic free Ca2+ levels. RESULTS We found a progressive degeneration of mesolimbic DA neurons projecting to the ventral striatum, located in the paranigral nucleus and parabrachial pigmented subnucleus of the VTA. At the onset of degeneration (3 months of age), the vulnerable DA neurons in the Tg2576 accumulate damaged mitochondria, while AIF translocates from the mitochondria to the nucleus. Although we describe an age-dependent loss of the DA neurons expressing Calbindin-D28K or Calretinin, we observed that the remaining cells upregulate the levels of Ca2+-binding proteins, and the free cytosolic levels of Ca2+ in these neurons are significantly decreased. Coherently, TUNEL-stained Tg2576 DA neurons express lower levels of Calbindin-D28K when compared with non-apoptotic cells. CONCLUSION Overall, our results suggest that the overexpression of Ca2+-binding proteins in VTA DA neurons might be an attempt of cells to survive by increasing their ability to buffer free Ca2+. Exploring strategies to overexpress Ca2+-binding proteins could be fundamental to reduce neuronal suffering and improve cognitive and non-cognitive functions in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia La Barbera
- grid.9657.d0000 0004 1757 5329Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy ,grid.417778.a0000 0001 0692 3437Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Nobili
- grid.9657.d0000 0004 1757 5329Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy ,grid.417778.a0000 0001 0692 3437Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Emma Cauzzi
- grid.417778.a0000 0001 0692 3437Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy ,grid.6530.00000 0001 2300 0941Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Paoletti
- grid.9657.d0000 0004 1757 5329Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Federici
- grid.417778.a0000 0001 0692 3437Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Luana Saba
- grid.9657.d0000 0004 1757 5329Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy ,grid.417778.a0000 0001 0692 3437Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Giacomet
- grid.6530.00000 0001 2300 0941Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ramona Marino
- grid.9657.d0000 0004 1757 5329Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Paraskevi Krashia
- grid.417778.a0000 0001 0692 3437Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy ,grid.9657.d0000 0004 1757 5329Department of Sciences and Technologies for Humans and Environment, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Melone
- grid.7010.60000 0001 1017 3210Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche (UNIVPM), 60020 Ancona, Italy ,Center for Neurobiology of Aging, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura Anziani (INRCA), 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Flavio Keller
- grid.9657.d0000 0004 1757 5329Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- grid.417778.a0000 0001 0692 3437Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy ,grid.6530.00000 0001 2300 0941Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Viscomi
- grid.8142.f0000 0001 0941 3192Department of Life Science and Public Health; Section of Histology and Embryology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy ,grid.414603.4Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Conti
- grid.7010.60000 0001 1017 3210Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche (UNIVPM), 60020 Ancona, Italy ,Center for Neurobiology of Aging, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura Anziani (INRCA), 60020 Ancona, Italy ,grid.7010.60000 0001 1017 3210Foundation for Molecular Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Marcello D’Amelio
- grid.9657.d0000 0004 1757 5329Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy ,grid.417778.a0000 0001 0692 3437Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy
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10
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Yadav E, Yadav P, Khan MMU, Singh H, Verma A. Resveratrol: A potential therapeutic natural polyphenol for neurodegenerative diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:922232. [PMID: 36188541 PMCID: PMC9523540 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.922232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Most polyphenols can cross blood-brain barrier, therefore, they are widely utilized in the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases (ND). Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol contained in blueberry, grapes, mulberry, etc., is well documented to exhibit potent neuroprotective activity against different ND by mitochondria modulation approach. Mitochondrial function impairment is the most common etiology and pathological process in various neurodegenerative disorders, viz. Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nowadays these ND associated with mitochondrial dysfunction have become a major threat to public health as well as health care systems in terms of financial burden. Currently available therapies for ND are limited to symptomatic cures and have inevitable toxic effects. Therefore, there is a strict requirement for a safe and highly effective drug treatment developed from natural compounds. The current review provides updated information about the potential of resveratrol to target mitochondria in the treatment of ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Yadav
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, India
| | - Pankajkumar Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, India
- *Correspondence: Pankajkumar Yadav, ; HariOm Singh, ; Amita Verma,
| | - Mohd Masih Uzzaman Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
| | - HariOm Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Aids Research Institute, Pune, India
- *Correspondence: Pankajkumar Yadav, ; HariOm Singh, ; Amita Verma,
| | - Amita Verma
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, India
- *Correspondence: Pankajkumar Yadav, ; HariOm Singh, ; Amita Verma,
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11
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Pozo Devoto VM, Onyango IG, Stokin GB. Mitochondrial behavior when things go wrong in the axon. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:959598. [PMID: 35990893 PMCID: PMC9389222 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.959598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonal homeostasis is maintained by processes that include cytoskeletal regulation, cargo transport, synaptic activity, ionic balance, and energy supply. Several of these processes involve mitochondria to varying degrees. As a transportable powerplant, the mitochondria deliver ATP and Ca2+-buffering capabilities and require fusion/fission to maintain proper functioning. Taking into consideration the long distances that need to be covered by mitochondria in the axons, their transport, distribution, fusion/fission, and health are of cardinal importance. However, axonal homeostasis is disrupted in several disorders of the nervous system, or by traumatic brain injury (TBI), where the external insult is translated into physical forces that damage nervous tissue including axons. The degree of damage varies and can disconnect the axon into two segments and/or generate axonal swellings in addition to cytoskeletal changes, membrane leakage, and changes in ionic composition. Cytoskeletal changes and increased intra-axonal Ca2+ levels are the main factors that challenge mitochondrial homeostasis. On the other hand, a proper function and distribution of mitochondria can determine the recovery or regeneration of the axonal physiological state. Here, we discuss the current knowledge regarding mitochondrial transport, fusion/fission, and Ca2+ regulation under axonal physiological or pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victorio M. Pozo Devoto
- Translational Neuroscience and Ageing Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Isaac G. Onyango
- Translational Neuroscience and Ageing Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Gorazd B. Stokin
- Translational Neuroscience and Ageing Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- Division of Neurology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Neurosciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- *Correspondence: Gorazd B. Stokin
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12
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Callens M, Loncke J, Bultynck G. Dysregulated Ca 2+ Homeostasis as a Central Theme in Neurodegeneration: Lessons from Alzheimer's Disease and Wolfram Syndrome. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121963. [PMID: 35741091 PMCID: PMC9221778 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca2+) operate as important messengers in the cell, indispensable for signaling the underlying numerous cellular processes in all of the cell types in the human body. In neurons, Ca2+ signaling is crucial for regulating synaptic transmission and for the processes of learning and memory formation. Hence, the dysregulation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis results in a broad range of disorders, including cancer and neurodegeneration. A major source for intracellular Ca2+ is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which has close contacts with other organelles, including mitochondria. In this review, we focus on the emerging role of Ca2+ signaling at the ER–mitochondrial interface in two different neurodegenerative diseases, namely Alzheimer’s disease and Wolfram syndrome. Both of these diseases share some common hallmarks in the early stages, including alterations in the ER and mitochondrial Ca2+ handling, mitochondrial dysfunction and increased Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. This indicates that similar mechanisms may underly these two disease pathologies and suggests that both research topics might benefit from complementary research.
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13
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Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Malfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease: New Therapeutic Hope. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4759963. [PMID: 35607703 PMCID: PMC9124149 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4759963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a critical role in neuron viability or death as it regulates energy metabolism and cell death pathways. They are essential for cellular energy metabolism, reactive oxygen species production, apoptosis, Ca++ homeostasis, aging, and regeneration. Mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics are thus essential processes in the quality control of mitochondria. Improvements in several fundamental features of mitochondrial biology in susceptible neurons of AD brains and the putative underlying mechanisms of such changes have made significant progress. AD's etiology has been reported by mitochondrial malfunction and oxidative damage. According to several recent articles, a continual fusion and fission balance of mitochondria is vital in their normal function maintenance. As a result, the shape and function of mitochondria are inextricably linked. This study examines evidence suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a significant early impact on AD pathology. Furthermore, the dynamics and roles of mitochondria are discussed with the link between mitochondrial malfunction and autophagy in AD has also been explored. In addition, recent research on mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in AD is also discussed in this review. It also goes into how these flaws affect mitochondrial quality control. Furthermore, advanced therapy techniques and lifestyle adjustments that lead to improved management of the dynamics have been demonstrated, hence improving the conditions that contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction in AD.
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14
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Serrat R, Oliveira-Pinto A, Marsicano G, Pouvreau S. Imaging mitochondrial calcium dynamics in the central nervous system. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 373:109560. [PMID: 35320763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial calcium handling is a particularly active research area in the neuroscience field, as it plays key roles in the regulation of several functions of the central nervous system, such as synaptic transmission and plasticity, astrocyte calcium signaling, neuronal activity… In the last few decades, a panel of techniques have been developed to measure mitochondrial calcium dynamics, relying mostly on photonic microscopy, and including synthetic sensors, hybrid sensors and genetically encoded calcium sensors. The goal of this review is to endow the reader with a deep knowledge of the historical and latest tools to monitor mitochondrial calcium events in the brain, as well as a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art in brain mitochondrial calcium signaling. We will discuss the main calcium probes used in the field, their mitochondrial targeting strategies, their key properties and major drawbacks. In addition, we will detail the main roles of mitochondrial calcium handling in neuronal tissues through an extended report of the recent studies using mitochondrial targeted calcium sensors in neuronal and astroglial cells, in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Serrat
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33077, France
| | - Alexandre Oliveira-Pinto
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33077, France
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33077, France
| | - Sandrine Pouvreau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33077, France.
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15
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Hada B, Karmacharya MB, Park SR, Choi BH. Low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS) differentially modulates mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) generation by three different chemicals in PC12 cells. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:1037-1047. [PMID: 34814783 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.2010730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS) can modulate mitochondrial complex I activity and the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) in PC12 cells. This study investigated the mechanism of LIUS by comparing its effect on mitochondrial dysfunction by three different pathways. LIUS was shown to reverse the effects of rotenone, a Q-site blocker, on the complex I inhibition, mtROS generation, and drop of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm). In contrast, common antioxidants, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), and uric acid (UA) blocked rotenone-induced mtROS generation and Δψm drop without recovering the complex I activity, which suggested that Δψm drop is correlated with mtROS generation rather than complex I inhibition itself. Ionomycin, an ionophore for Ca2+, and L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis, induced mtROS generation and Δψm drop without inhibiting complex I activity via different mechanisms. LIUS showed no effect on ionomycin-induced Δψm drop but showed partial inhibition on the other effects of ionomycin and BSO. These results suggest that LIUS might have redundant mechanisms but acted mainly on the complex I activity thereby modulating mtROS and Δψm levels. LIUS appeared to act on the Q-module of complex I because it showed no inhibitory effect on Zn2+, an inhibitor of the proton transporting P-module of complex I. Interestingly, pretreatment of LIUS for up to an hour in advance blocked the rotenone effect as efficiently as the co-treatment. Further studies are needed to reveal the exact mechanism of LIUS to inhibit complex I activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binika Hada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | | | - So Ra Park
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Byung Hyune Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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16
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Abstract
The uptake of calcium into and extrusion of calcium from the mitochondrial matrix is a fundamental biological process that has critical effects on cellular metabolism, signaling, and survival. Disruption of mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) cycling is implicated in numerous acquired diseases such as heart failure, stroke, neurodegeneration, diabetes, and cancer, and is genetically linked to several inherited neuromuscular disorders. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for mCa2+ exchange therefore holds great promise for the treatment of these diseases. The past decade has seen the genetic identification of many of the key proteins that mediate mitochondrial calcium uptake and efflux. Here, we present an overview of the phenomenon of mCa2+ transport, and a comprehensive examination of the molecular machinery that mediates calcium flux across the inner mitochondrial membrane: the mitochondrial uniporter complex (consisting of MCU, EMRE, MICU1, MICU2, MICU3, MCUB, and MCUR1), NCLX, LETM1, the mitochondrial ryanodine receptor, and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. We then consider the physiological implications of mCa2+ flux and evaluate how alterations in mCa2+ homeostasis contribute to human disease. This review concludes by highlighting opportunities and challenges for therapeutic intervention in pathologies characterized by aberrant mCa2+ handling and by summarizing critical unanswered questions regarding the biology of mCa2+ flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne F Garbincius
- Center for Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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17
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Nan J, Li J, Lin Y, Saif Ur Rahman M, Li Z, Zhu L. The interplay between mitochondria and store-operated Ca 2+ entry: Emerging insights into cardiac diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9496-9512. [PMID: 34564947 PMCID: PMC8505841 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Store‐operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) machinery, including Orai channels, TRPCs, and STIM1, is key to cellular calcium homeostasis. The following characteristics of mitochondria are involved in the physiological and pathological regulation of cells: mitochondria mediate calcium uptake through calcium uniporters; mitochondria are regulated by mitochondrial dynamic related proteins (OPA1, MFN1/2, and DRP1) and form mitochondrial networks through continuous fission and fusion; mitochondria supply NADH to the electron transport chain through the Krebs cycle to produce ATP; under stress, mitochondria will produce excessive reactive oxygen species to regulate mitochondria‐endoplasmic reticulum interactions and the related signalling pathways. Both SOCE and mitochondria play critical roles in mediating cardiac hypertrophy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and cardiac ischaemia‐reperfusion injury. All the mitochondrial characteristics mentioned above are determinants of SOCE activity, and vice versa. Ca2+ signalling dictates the reciprocal regulation between mitochondria and SOCE under the specific pathological conditions of cardiomyocytes. The coupling of mitochondria and SOCE is essential for various pathophysiological processes in the heart. Herein, we review the research focussing on the reciprocal regulation between mitochondria and SOCE and provide potential interplay patterns in cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinliang Nan
- Provincial Key Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Li
- Provincial Key Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinuo Lin
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Saif Ur Rahman
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Biomedical Institute, Haining, Zhejiang, China.,Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengzheng Li
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute of Experimental Neurobiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lingjun Zhu
- Provincial Key Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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18
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Fonseca Cabral G, Schaan AP, Cavalcante GC, Sena-dos-Santos C, de Souza TP, Souza Port’s NM, dos Santos Pinheiro JA, Ribeiro-dos-Santos Â, Vidal AF. Nuclear and Mitochondrial Genome, Epigenome and Gut Microbiome: Emerging Molecular Biomarkers for Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9839. [PMID: 34576000 PMCID: PMC8471599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is currently the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, burdening about 10 million elderly individuals worldwide. The multifactorial nature of PD poses a difficult obstacle for understanding the mechanisms involved in its onset and progression. Currently, diagnosis depends on the appearance of clinical signs, some of which are shared among various neurologic disorders, hindering early diagnosis. There are no effective tools to prevent PD onset, detect the disease in early stages or accurately report the risk of disease progression. Hence, there is an increasing demand for biomarkers that may identify disease onset and progression, as treatment-based medicine may not be the best approach for PD. Over the last few decades, the search for molecular markers to predict susceptibility, aid in accurate diagnosis and evaluate the progress of PD have intensified, but strategies aimed to improve individualized patient care have not yet been established. CONCLUSIONS Genomic variation, regulation by epigenomic mechanisms, as well as the influence of the host gut microbiome seem to have a crucial role in the onset and progress of PD, thus are considered potential biomarkers. As such, the human nuclear and mitochondrial genome, epigenome, and the host gut microbiome might be the key elements to the rise of personalized medicine for PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleyce Fonseca Cabral
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, R. Augusto Correa, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (G.F.C.); (A.P.S.); (G.C.C.); (C.S.-d.-S.); (T.P.d.S.); (J.A.d.S.P.)
| | - Ana Paula Schaan
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, R. Augusto Correa, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (G.F.C.); (A.P.S.); (G.C.C.); (C.S.-d.-S.); (T.P.d.S.); (J.A.d.S.P.)
| | - Giovanna C. Cavalcante
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, R. Augusto Correa, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (G.F.C.); (A.P.S.); (G.C.C.); (C.S.-d.-S.); (T.P.d.S.); (J.A.d.S.P.)
| | - Camille Sena-dos-Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, R. Augusto Correa, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (G.F.C.); (A.P.S.); (G.C.C.); (C.S.-d.-S.); (T.P.d.S.); (J.A.d.S.P.)
| | - Tatiane Piedade de Souza
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, R. Augusto Correa, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (G.F.C.); (A.P.S.); (G.C.C.); (C.S.-d.-S.); (T.P.d.S.); (J.A.d.S.P.)
| | - Natacha M. Souza Port’s
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia Molecular, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Jhully Azevedo dos Santos Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, R. Augusto Correa, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (G.F.C.); (A.P.S.); (G.C.C.); (C.S.-d.-S.); (T.P.d.S.); (J.A.d.S.P.)
| | - Ândrea Ribeiro-dos-Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, R. Augusto Correa, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (G.F.C.); (A.P.S.); (G.C.C.); (C.S.-d.-S.); (T.P.d.S.); (J.A.d.S.P.)
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará–R. dos Mundurucus, Belém 66073-000, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Pará, R. Augusto Correa, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Amanda F. Vidal
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, R. Augusto Correa, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (G.F.C.); (A.P.S.); (G.C.C.); (C.S.-d.-S.); (T.P.d.S.); (J.A.d.S.P.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Pará, R. Augusto Correa, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- ITVDS—Instituto Tecnológico Vale Desenvolvimento Sustentável–R. Boaventura da Silva, Belém 66055-090, Brazil
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19
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Rai SN, Singh P, Varshney R, Chaturvedi VK, Vamanu E, Singh MP, Singh BK. Promising drug targets and associated therapeutic interventions in Parkinson's disease. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1730-1739. [PMID: 33510062 PMCID: PMC8328771 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.306066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most debilitating brain diseases. Despite the availability of symptomatic treatments, response towards the health of PD patients remains scarce. To fulfil the medical needs of the PD patients, an efficacious and etiological treatment is required. In this review, we have compiled the information covering limitations of current therapeutic options in PD, novel drug targets for PD, and finally, the role of some critical beneficial natural products to control the progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Payal Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ritu Varshney
- Department of Bioengineering and Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Emanuel Vamanu
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agronomic Science and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - M. P. Singh
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Brijesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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20
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Singh A, Yadawa AK, Chaturvedi S, Wahajuddin M, Mishra A, Singh S. Mechanism for antiParkinsonian effect of resveratrol: Involvement of transporters, synaptic proteins, dendrite arborization, biochemical alterations, ER stress and apoptosis. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 155:112433. [PMID: 34302886 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the mechanism for antiParkinsonian effect of resveratrol employing 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced experimental model of Parkinson's disease (PD). Resveratrol treatment significantly protects the PD related pathological markers like level of tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine and apoptotic proteins (Bax and cleaved caspase-3). Disease pathology involves significantly decreased level of dopamine transporter, synaptophysin and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) along with augmented level of vesicular monoamine transporter and considerably affected the dendrite arborization. Such affected neuronal communication was significantly restored with resveratrol treatment. Biochemical alterations include the depleted level of glutathione (GSH), mitochondrial complex-I activity with concomitant increased level of lipid peroxidation, nitrite level and calcium levels, which were also significantly inhibited with resveratrol treatment. Altered calcium level induces the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress related signalling and phosphorylated Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and with resveratrol treatment the level of phosphorylated Nrf2 was further increased. The concurrent depleted level of proteasome activity was observed which was attenuated with resveratrol treatment. Proinflammatory cytokines and activated astrocytes were observed which was inhibited with resveratrol treatment. In conclusion, findings suggested that resveratrol exhibits the interference in neuronal communication, oxidative stress, mitochondrial pathophysiology, ER stress, protein degradation mechanism and inflammatory responses and could be utilize in clinics to treat the PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Singh
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Arun Kumar Yadawa
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Swati Chaturvedi
- Division of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutics, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - M Wahajuddin
- Division of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutics, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342011, India
| | - Sarika Singh
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.
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21
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Di Martino R, Sisalli MJ, Sirabella R, Della Notte S, Borzacchiello D, Feliciello A, Annunziato L, Scorziello A. Ncx3-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Midbrain Leads to Neuroinflammation in Striatum of A53t-α-Synuclein Transgenic Old Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158177. [PMID: 34360942 PMCID: PMC8347885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The exact mechanism underlying selective dopaminergic neurodegeneration is not completely understood. The complex interplay among toxic alpha-synuclein aggregates, oxidative stress, altered intracellular Ca2+-homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction and disruption of mitochondrial integrity is considered among the pathogenic mechanisms leading to dopaminergic neuronal loss. We herein investigated the molecular mechanisms leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and its relationship with activation of the neuroinflammatory process occurring in Parkinson’s disease. To address these issues, experiments were performed in vitro and in vivo in mice carrying the human mutation of α-synuclein A53T under the prion murine promoter. In these models, the expression and activity of NCX isoforms, a family of important transporters regulating ionic homeostasis in mammalian cells working in a bidirectional way, were evaluated in neurons and glial cells. Mitochondrial function was monitored with confocal microscopy and fluorescent dyes to measure mitochondrial calcium content and mitochondrial membrane potential. Parallel experiments were performed in 4 and 16-month-old A53T-α-synuclein Tg mice to correlate the functional data obtained in vitro with mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation through biochemical analysis. The results obtained demonstrated: 1. in A53T mice mitochondrial dysfunction occurs early in midbrain and later in striatum; 2. mitochondrial dysfunction occurring in the midbrain is mediated by the impairment of NCX3 protein expression in neurons and astrocytes; 3. mitochondrial dysfunction occurring early in midbrain triggers neuroinflammation later into the striatum, thus contributing to PD progression during mice aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Di Martino
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Pharmacology, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.D.M.); (M.J.S.); (R.S.); (S.D.N.)
| | - Maria Josè Sisalli
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Pharmacology, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.D.M.); (M.J.S.); (R.S.); (S.D.N.)
| | - Rossana Sirabella
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Pharmacology, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.D.M.); (M.J.S.); (R.S.); (S.D.N.)
| | - Salvatore Della Notte
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Pharmacology, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.D.M.); (M.J.S.); (R.S.); (S.D.N.)
| | - Domenica Borzacchiello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Antonio Feliciello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.B.); (A.F.)
| | | | - Antonella Scorziello
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Pharmacology, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.D.M.); (M.J.S.); (R.S.); (S.D.N.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Jadiya P, Garbincius JF, Elrod JW. Reappraisal of metabolic dysfunction in neurodegeneration: Focus on mitochondrial function and calcium signaling. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:124. [PMID: 34233766 PMCID: PMC8262011 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01224-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive neurodegeneration remain poorly defined. Recent clinical trial failures, difficult diagnosis, uncertain etiology, and lack of curative therapies prompted us to re-examine other hypotheses of neurodegenerative pathogenesis. Recent reports establish that mitochondrial and calcium dysregulation occur early in many neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and others. However, causal molecular evidence of mitochondrial and metabolic contributions to pathogenesis remains insufficient. Here we summarize the data supporting the hypothesis that mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction result from diverse etiologies of neuropathology. We provide a current and comprehensive review of the literature and interpret that defective mitochondrial metabolism is upstream and primary to protein aggregation and other dogmatic hypotheses of NDDs. Finally, we identify gaps in knowledge and propose therapeutic modulation of mCa2+ exchange and mitochondrial function to alleviate metabolic impairments and treat NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Jadiya
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad St, MERB 949, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Joanne F Garbincius
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad St, MERB 949, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad St, MERB 949, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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23
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Nicoletti V, Palermo G, Del Prete E, Mancuso M, Ceravolo R. Understanding the Multiple Role of Mitochondria in Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders: Lesson From Genetics and Protein-Interaction Network. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:636506. [PMID: 33869180 PMCID: PMC8047151 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.636506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As neurons are highly energy-demanding cell, increasing evidence suggests that mitochondria play a large role in several age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Synaptic damage and mitochondrial dysfunction have been associated with early events in the pathogenesis of major neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease, atypical parkinsonisms, and Huntington disease. Disruption of mitochondrial structure and dynamic is linked to increased levels of reactive oxygen species production, abnormal intracellular calcium levels, and reduced mitochondrial ATP production. However, recent research has uncovered a much more complex involvement of mitochondria in such disorders than has previously been appreciated, and a remarkable number of genes and proteins that contribute to the neurodegeneration cascade interact with mitochondria or affect mitochondrial function. In this review, we aim to summarize and discuss the deep interconnections between mitochondrial dysfunction and basal ganglia disorders, with an emphasis into the molecular triggers to the disease process. Understanding the regulation of mitochondrial pathways may be beneficial in finding pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions to delay the onset of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Nicoletti
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Palermo
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Del Prete
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Mancuso
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Ceravolo
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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24
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Rossi A, Rigotto G, Valente G, Giorgio V, Basso E, Filadi R, Pizzo P. Defective Mitochondrial Pyruvate Flux Affects Cell Bioenergetics in Alzheimer's Disease-Related Models. Cell Rep 2021; 30:2332-2348.e10. [PMID: 32075767 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key organelles for brain health. Mitochondrial alterations have been reported in several neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the comprehension of the underlying mechanisms appears crucial to understand their relationship with the pathology. Using multiple genetic, pharmacological, imaging, and biochemical approaches, we demonstrate that, in different familial AD cell models, mitochondrial ATP synthesis is affected. The defect depends on reduced mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation, due to both lower Ca2+-mediated stimulation of the Krebs cycle and dampened mitochondrial pyruvate uptake. Importantly, this latter event is linked to glycogen-synthase-kinase-3β (GSK-3β) hyper-activation, leading, in turn, to impaired recruitment of hexokinase 1 (HK1) to mitochondria, destabilization of mitochondrial-pyruvate-carrier (MPC) complexes, and decreased MPC2 protein levels. Remarkably, pharmacological GSK-3β inhibition in AD cells rescues MPC2 expression and improves mitochondrial ATP synthesis and respiration. The defective mitochondrial bioenergetics influences glutamate-induced neuronal excitotoxicity, thus representing a possible target for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Rossi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Rigotto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Valente
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy; Neuroscience Institute - Italian National Research Council (CNR), Padua 35121, Italy
| | - Valentina Giorgio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy; Neuroscience Institute - Italian National Research Council (CNR), Padua 35121, Italy
| | - Emy Basso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy; Neuroscience Institute - Italian National Research Council (CNR), Padua 35121, Italy
| | - Riccardo Filadi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy; Neuroscience Institute - Italian National Research Council (CNR), Padua 35121, Italy.
| | - Paola Pizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padua, Italy; Neuroscience Institute - Italian National Research Council (CNR), Padua 35121, Italy.
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25
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Mikheeva I, Mikhailova G, Shtanchaev R, Arkhipov V, Pavlik L. Influence of a 30-day spaceflight on the structure of motoneurons of the trochlear nerve nucleus in mice. Brain Res 2021; 1758:147331. [PMID: 33539796 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
During spaceflight and immediately after it, adaptive neuroplastic changes occur in the sensorimotor structures of the central nervous system, which are associated with changes of mainly vestibular and visual signals. It is known that the movement of the eyeball in the vertical direction is carried out by muscles that are innervated by the trochlear nerve (CN IV) and the oculomotor nerve (CN III). To elucidate the cellular processes underlying the atypical vertical nystagmus that occurs under microgravity conditions, it seems necessary to study the state of these nuclei in animals in more detail after prolonged space flights. We carried out a qualitative and quantitative light-optical and ultrastructural analysis of the nuclei of the trochlear nerve in mice after a 30-day flight on the Bion-M1 biosatellite. As a result, it was shown that the dendrites of motoneurons in the nucleus of the trochlear nerve significantly reorganized their geometry and orientation under microgravity conditions. The number of dendritic branches was increased, possibly in order to amplify the reduced signal flow. To ensure such plastic changes, the number and size of mitochondria in the soma of motoneurons and in axons coming from the vestibular structures increased. Thus, the main role in the adaptation of the trochlear nucleus to microgravity conditions, apparently, belongs to the dendrites of motoneurons, which rearrange their structure and function to enhance the flow of sensory information. These results complement our knowledge of the causes of atypical nystagmus in microgravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Mikheeva
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia.
| | - Gulnara Mikhailova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - Rashid Shtanchaev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - Vladimir Arkhipov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; State Natural Science Institute, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - Lyubov Pavlik
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; State Natural Science Institute, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
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26
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Onyango IG, Bennett JP, Stokin GB. Regulation of neuronal bioenergetics as a therapeutic strategy in neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1467-1482. [PMID: 33433460 PMCID: PMC8323696 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.303007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are a heterogeneous group of debilitating disorders with multifactorial etiologies and pathogeneses that manifest distinct molecular mechanisms and clinical manifestations with abnormal protein dynamics and impaired bioenergetics. Mitochondrial dysfunction is emerging as an important feature in the etiopathogenesis of these age-related neurodegenerative diseases. The prevalence and incidence of these diseases is on the rise with the increasing global population and average lifespan. Although many therapeutic approaches have been tested, there are currently no effective treatment routes for the prevention or cure of these diseases. We present the current status of our knowledge and understanding of the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in these diseases and highlight recent advances in novel therapeutic strategies targeting neuronal bioenergetics as potential approach for treating these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac G Onyango
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - James P Bennett
- Neurodegeneration Therapeutics, 3050A Berkmar Drive, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Gorazd B Stokin
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
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27
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Calvo-Rodriguez M, Bacskai BJ. Mitochondria and Calcium in Alzheimer's Disease: From Cell Signaling to Neuronal Cell Death. Trends Neurosci 2020; 44:136-151. [PMID: 33160650 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of almost all neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Historically, a primary focus in this context has been the link between mitochondrial dynamics and amyloid β toxicity. Recent evidence suggests that dysregulation of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis is also related to tau and other risk factors in AD, although an ongoing challenge in the field is that data collected from different models or experimental settings have not always been consistent. We examine recent literature on mitochondrial dysregulation in AD, with special emphasis on mitochondrial calcium. We include data from in vitro systems, genetic animal models, and AD-derived human tissue, and discuss whether mitochondrial calcium transporters should be proposed as therapeutic candidates for the development of neuroprotective drugs against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Calvo-Rodriguez
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Brian J Bacskai
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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28
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Calió ML, Henriques E, Siena A, Bertoncini CRA, Gil-Mohapel J, Rosenstock TR. Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Neurogenesis, and Epigenetics: Putative Implications for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Neurodegeneration and Treatment. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:679. [PMID: 32760239 PMCID: PMC7373761 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and devastating multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder. Although the pathogenesis of ALS is still not completely understood, numerous studies suggest that mitochondrial deregulation may be implicated in its onset and progression. Interestingly, mitochondrial deregulation has also been associated with changes in neural stem cells (NSC) proliferation, differentiation, and migration. In this review, we highlight the importance of mitochondrial function for neurogenesis, and how both processes are correlated and may contribute to the pathogenesis of ALS; we have focused primarily on preclinical data from animal models of ALS, since to date no studies have evaluated this link using human samples. As there is currently no cure and no effective therapy to counteract ALS, we have also discussed how improving neurogenic function by epigenetic modulation could benefit ALS. In support of this hypothesis, changes in histone deacetylation can alter mitochondrial function, which in turn might ameliorate cellular proliferation as well as neuronal differentiation and migration. We propose that modulation of epigenetics, mitochondrial function, and neurogenesis might provide new hope for ALS patients, and studies exploring these new territories are warranted in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisandra Henriques
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Science, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Siena
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Science, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clélia Rejane Antonio Bertoncini
- CEDEME, Center of Development of Experimental Models for Medicine and Biology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joana Gil-Mohapel
- Division of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Victoria and Island Medical Program, University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Tatiana Rosado Rosenstock
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Science, São Paulo, Brazil
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29
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Schrank S, Barrington N, Stutzmann GE. Calcium-Handling Defects and Neurodegenerative Disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a035212. [PMID: 31427373 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a035212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcium signaling is critical to neuronal function and regulates highly diverse processes such as gene transcription, energy production, protein handling, and synaptic structure and function. Because there are many common underlying calcium-mediated pathological features observed across several neurological conditions, it has been proposed that neurodegenerative diseases have an upstream underlying calcium basis in their pathogenesis. With certain diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's, specific sources of calcium dysregulation originating from distinct neuronal compartments or channels have been shown to have defined roles in initiating or sustaining disease mechanisms. Herein, we will review the major hallmarks of these diseases, and how they relate to calcium dysregulation. We will then discuss neuronal calcium handling throughout the neuron, with special emphasis on channels involved in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Schrank
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois 60064.,School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
| | - Nikki Barrington
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois 60064.,School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois 60064.,Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
| | - Grace E Stutzmann
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois 60064.,School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois 60064.,Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
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30
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Batista-Silva H, Dambrós BF, Rodrigues K, Cesconetto PA, Zamoner A, Sousa de Moura KR, Gomes Castro AJ, Van Der Kraak G, Mena Barreto Silva FR. Acute exposure to bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate disrupts calcium homeostasis, energy metabolism and induces oxidative stress in the testis of Danio rerio. Biochimie 2020; 175:23-33. [PMID: 32417457 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (BEHP) negatively affects testicular functions in different animal species, disturbing reproductive physiology and male fertility. The present study investigated the in vitro acute effect of BEHP on the mechanism of action of ionic calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis and energy metabolism. In addition, the effect of BEHP on oxidative stress was studied in vitro and in vivo in the testis of Danio rerio (D. rerio). Testes were treated in vitro for 30 min with 1 μM BEHP for 45Ca2+ influx measurements. Testes were also incubated with 1 μM BEHP for 1 h (in vitro) or 12 h (in vivo) for the measurements of lactate content, 14C-deoxy-d-glucose uptake, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activity, total reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lipid peroxidation. In addition, the effect of BEHP (1 μM) on GGT, glutamic oxaloacetic transferase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transferase (GPT) activity in the liver was evaluated after in vivo treatment for 12 h. BEHP disturbs the Ca2+ balance in the testis when given acutely in vitro. BEHP stimulated Ca2+ influx occurs through L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (L-VDCC), transitory receptor potential vaniloid (TRPV1) channels, reverse-mode Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) activation and inhibition of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA). BEHP affected energy metabolism in the testis by decreasing the lactate content and LDH activity. In vitro and in vivo acute effects of BEHP promoted oxidative stress by increasing ROS production, lipid peroxidation and GGT activity in the testis. Additionally, BEHP caused liver damage by increasing GPT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemily Batista-Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Betina Fernanda Dambrós
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Keyla Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Acordi Cesconetto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ariane Zamoner
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Allisson Jhonatan Gomes Castro
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Glen Van Der Kraak
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fátima Regina Mena Barreto Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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31
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Magi S, Piccirillo S, Preziuso A, Amoroso S, Lariccia V. Mitochondrial localization of NCXs: Balancing calcium and energy homeostasis. Cell Calcium 2020; 86:102162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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32
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Solesio ME, Garcia Del Molino LC, Elustondo PA, Diao C, Chang JC, Pavlov EV. Inorganic polyphosphate is required for sustained free mitochondrial calcium elevation, following calcium uptake. Cell Calcium 2020; 86:102127. [PMID: 31954928 PMCID: PMC7024051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.102127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial free calcium is critically linked to the regulation of cellular metabolism. Free ionic calcium concentration within these organelles is determined by the interplay between two processes: exchange across the mitochondrial inner membrane and calcium-buffering within the matrix. During stimulated calcium uptake, calcium is primarily buffered by orthophosphate, preventing calcium toxicity while allowing for well-regulated yet elevated calcium loads. However, if limited to orthophosphates only, this buffering system is expected to lead to the irreversible formation of insoluble precipitates, which are not observed in living cells, under physiological conditions. Here, we demonstrate that the regulation of free mitochondrial calcium requires the presence of free inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) within the organelle. We found that the overexpression of a mitochondrial-targeted enzyme hydrolyzing polyP leads to the loss of the cellular ability to maintain elevated calcium concentrations within the organelle, following stimulated cytoplasmic signal. We hypothesize that the presence of polyP prevents the formation of calcium-phosphate insoluble clusters, allowing for the maintenance of elevated free calcium levels, during stimulated calcium uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Solesio
- Department of Basic Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Pia A Elustondo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Catherine Diao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Joshua C Chang
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Section, Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Center, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Evgeny V Pavlov
- Department of Basic Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
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33
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Gao Q, Wu G, Lai KWC. Cholesterol Modulates the Formation of the Aβ Ion Channel in Lipid Bilayers. Biochemistry 2020; 59:992-998. [PMID: 31914730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The misfolding of amyloid beta (Aβ) is one of the predominant hallmarks in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we showed that the formation of the Aβ ion channel on the membrane depended on the cholesterol concentration. From a mechanical aspect, we found that cholesterol levels affected the stability and assembly of lipid bilayers. Measurements on planar lipid bilayers indicated that a small amount of cholesterol interacted with Aβ proteins and promoted the insertion process. Conversely, high cholesterol integrated the lipid bilayer and exerted an opposite effect on Aβ insertion. The Aβ ion channel was then detected by graphene-based field-effect transistors. Results demonstrated that the Aβ ion channel promoted a Ca2+ flux in the presence of 15% cholesterol but prevented a Ca2+ flux in high cholesterol. Thus, cholesterol had a complex impact on the Aβ ion channel that can be described as two different effects. First, a small amount of cholesterol interacted with Aβ and facilitated the Aβ ion channel formation in the membrane. Second, a large amount of cholesterol did not induce the ion flux in the membrane, which can be explained by the cholesterol damage to the regular distribution of the lipid bilayer. Overall, this study suggested a possible approach to consider cholesterol levels for the treatment of AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Robotics and Automation, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Guangfu Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Robotics and Automation, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - King Wai Chiu Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Robotics and Automation, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
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Thaviligadu DJ, Labarrière L, Moncomble A, Cornard JP. Spectroscopic and theoretical study of the pH effect on the optical properties of the calcium-morin system. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 225:117492. [PMID: 31487563 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Morin (2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxychromen-4-one) is an abundant flavonoid with various pharmacological and biological activities. Considering the ubiquitous presence of calcium cations in biological systems, it seems relevant to study the interaction of this ion with morin and the influence of pH on this system. In a first step, among the four hypothetical chelation sites, the preferential fixing site, its protonation state and the Ca environment have been determined by combining electronic spectroscopies and density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations. Then, using the same methodology, the fate of the formed complex with the variation of pH was studied. Calcium chelation occurs with the 3-hydroxy-4-keto site with deprotonation of the hydroxyl group. The coordination number of CaII does not seem to be a determining parameter insofar whatever the number of solvent molecules present in the coordination sphere of the metal, the calculation of the electronic transitions leads to the same results. With the increase in pH, a first deprotonation of the complex occurs at the level of a solvent molecule in the metal coordination sphere, followed by a deprotonation of the hydroxyl function in position 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Jani Thaviligadu
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIR - Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Luc Labarrière
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIR - Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Aurélien Moncomble
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIR - Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-Paul Cornard
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIR - Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Vallese F, Barazzuol L, Maso L, Brini M, Calì T. ER-Mitochondria Calcium Transfer, Organelle Contacts and Neurodegenerative Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1131:719-746. [PMID: 31646532 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12457-1_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that interorganellar contacts are central to the control of cellular physiology. Virtually, any intracellular organelle can come into proximity with each other and, by establishing physical protein-mediated contacts within a selected fraction of the membrane surface, novel specific functions are acquired. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contacts with mitochondria are among the best studied and have a major role in Ca2+ and lipid transfer, signaling, and membrane dynamics.Their functional (and structural) diversity, their dynamic nature as well as the growing number of new players involved in the tethering concurred to make their monitoring difficult especially in living cells. This review focuses on the most established examples of tethers/modulators of the ER-mitochondria interface and on the roles of these contacts in health and disease by specifically dissecting how Ca2+ transfer occurs and how mishandling eventually leads to disease. Additional functions of the ER-mitochondria interface and an overview of the currently available methods to measure/quantify the ER-mitochondria interface will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Vallese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Lucia Barazzuol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Maso
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marisa Brini
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Tito Calì
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy. .,Padua Neuroscience Center (PNC), Padua, Italy.
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36
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Klaus S, Ost M. Mitochondrial uncoupling and longevity - A role for mitokines? Exp Gerontol 2019; 130:110796. [PMID: 31786315 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging has been viewed both as a random process due to accumulation of molecular and cellular damage over time and as a programmed process linked to cellular pathway important for growth and maturation. These views converge on mitochondria as both the major producer of damaging reactive oxidant species (ROS) and as signaling organelles. A finite proton leak across the inner mitochondrial membrane leading to a slight uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and respiration is an intrinsic property of all mitochondria and according to the "uncoupling to survive" hypothesis it has evolved to protect against ROS production to minimize oxidative damage. This hypothesis is supported by evidence linking an increased endogenous, uncoupling protein (UCP1) mediated, as well as experimentally induced mitochondrial uncoupling to an increased lifespan in rodents. This is possibly due to the synergistic activation of molecular pathways linked to life extending effects of caloric restriction as well as a mitohormetic response. Mitohormesis is an adaptive stress response through mitonuclear signaling which increases stress resistance resulting in health promoting effects. Part of this response is the induction of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), two stress-induced mitokines which elicit beneficial systemic metabolic effects via endocrine action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Klaus
- German Institute of Human Nutrition in Potsdam Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Mario Ost
- German Institute of Human Nutrition in Potsdam Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
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Kronbauer M, Metz VG, Roversi K, Milanesi LH, Rubert Rossato D, da Silva Barcelos RC, Burger ME. Influence of magnesium supplementation and L-type calcium channel blocker on haloperidol-induced movement disturbances. Behav Brain Res 2019; 374:112119. [PMID: 31374223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Haloperidol (Hal) is an antipsychotic related to movement disorders. Magnesium (Mg) showed benefits on orofacial dyskinesia (OD), suggesting its involvement with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) since it acts blocking calcium channels. Comparisons between nifedipine (NIF; a calcium channel blocker) and Mg were performed to establish the Mg mechanism. Male rats concomitantly received Hal and Mg or NIF for 28 days, and OD behaviors were weekly assessed. Both Mg and NIF decreased Hal-induced OD. Hal increased Ca2+-ATPase activity in the striatum, and Mg reversed it. In the cortex, both Mg and NIF decreased such activity. Dopaminergic and glutamatergic immunoreactivity were modified by Hal and treatments: i) in the cortex: Hal reduced D1R and D2R, increasing NMDAR immunoreactivity. Mg and NIF reversed this Hal influence on D1R and NMDAR, while only Mg reversed Hal effects on D2R levels; ii) in the striatum: Hal decreased D2R and increased NMDAR while Mg and NIF decreased D1R and reversed the Hal-induced decreasing D2R levels. Only Mg reversed the Hal-induced increasing NMDAR levels; iii) in the substantia nigra (SN): while Hal increased D1R, D2R, and NMDAR, both Mg and NIF reversed this influence on D2R, but only Mg reversed the Hal-influence on D1R levels. Only NIF reversed the Hal effects on NMDAR immunoreactivity. These findings allow us to propose that Mg may be useful to minimize Hal-induced movement disturbances. Mg molecular mechanism seems to be involved with a calcium channel blocker because the NIF group showed less expressive effects than the Mg group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maikel Kronbauer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - Vinicia Garzela Metz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - Karine Roversi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - Laura H Milanesi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marilise E Burger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, UFSM, RS, Brazil.
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Lautenschäger J, Kaminski Schierle GS. Mitochondrial degradation of amyloidogenic proteins - A new perspective for neurodegenerative diseases. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 181:101660. [PMID: 31301323 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.101660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This perspective article outlines mechanisms of mitochondrial import and protein degradation and how these have been linked to alpha-synuclein and Amyloid beta (Aβ) homeostasis. Our aim is to underpin and stimulate the debate on the recent conception of mitochondria as protein degrading organelles, which suggests that mitochondria are more directly involved in neurodegenerative diseases than previously assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janin Lautenschäger
- Molecular Neuroscience Group, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, West Cambridge Site, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK.
| | - Gabriele S Kaminski Schierle
- Molecular Neuroscience Group, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, West Cambridge Site, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
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Crosstalk between Calcium and ROS in Pathophysiological Conditions. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9324018. [PMID: 31178978 PMCID: PMC6507098 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9324018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Calcium ions are highly versatile intracellular signals that regulate many cellular processes. The key to achieving this pleiotropic role is the spatiotemporal control of calcium concentration evoked by an extensive molecular repertoire of signalling components. Among these, reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling, together with calcium signalling, plays a crucial role in controlling several physiopathological events. Although initially considered detrimental by-products of aerobic metabolism, it is now widely accepted that ROS, in subtoxic levels, act as signalling molecules. However, dysfunctions in the mechanisms controlling the physiological ROS concentration affect cellular homeostasis, leading to the pathogenesis of various disorders.
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40
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Catoni C, Calì T, Brini M. Calcium, Dopamine and Neuronal Calcium Sensor 1: Their Contribution to Parkinson's Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:55. [PMID: 30967759 PMCID: PMC6440390 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The causes of PD in humans are still unknown, although metabolic characteristics of the neurons affected by the disease have been implicated in their selective susceptibility. Mitochondrial dysfunction and proteostatic stress are recognized to be important in the pathogenesis of both familial and sporadic PD, and they both culminate in bioenergetic deficits. Exposure to calcium overload has recently emerged as a key determinant, and pharmacological treatment that inhibits Ca2+ entry diminishes neuronal damage in chemical models of PD. In this review, we first introduce general concepts on neuronal Ca2+ signaling and then summarize the current knowledge on fundamental properties of substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons, on the role of the interplay between Ca2+ and dopamine signaling in neuronal activity and susceptibility to cell death. We also discuss the possible involvement of a “neglected” player, the Neuronal Calcium Sensor-1 (NCS-1), which has been shown to participate to dopaminergic signaling by regulating dopamine dependent receptor desensitization in normal brain but, data supporting a direct role in PD pathogenesis are still missing. However, it is intriguing to speculate that the Ca2+-dependent modulation of NCS-1 activity could eventually counteract dopaminergic neurons degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tito Calì
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Marisa Brini
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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41
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Abstract
In the last few decades, a large body of experimental evidence has highlighted the complex role for mitochondria in eukaryotic cells: they are not only the site of aerobic metabolism (thus providing most of the ATP supply for endergonic processes) but also a crucial checkpoint of cell death processes (both necrosis and apoptosis) and autophagy. For this purpose, mitochondria must receive and decode the wide variety of physiological and pathological stimuli impacting on the cell. The “old” notion that mitochondria possess a sophisticated machinery for accumulating and releasing Ca
2+, the most common and versatile second messenger of eukaryotic cells, is thus no surprise. What may be surprising is that the identification of the molecules involved in mitochondrial Ca
2+ transport occurred only in the last decade for both the influx (the mitochondrial Ca
2+ uniporter, MCU) and the efflux (the sodium calcium exchanger, NCX) pathways. In this review, we will focus on the description of the amazing molecular complexity of the MCU complex, highlighting the numerous functional implications of the tissue-specific expression of the variants of the channel pore components (MCU/MCUb) and of the associated proteins (MICU 1, 2, and 3, EMRE, and MCUR1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Pallafacchina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, 35131, Italy.,Italian National Research Council (CNR), Neuroscience Institute, Padua, 35131, Italy
| | - Sofia Zanin
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, 35128, Italy
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, 35131, Italy
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42
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Mitochondrial calcium signalling and neurodegenerative diseases. Neuronal Signal 2018; 2:NS20180061. [PMID: 32714593 PMCID: PMC7373239 DOI: 10.1042/ns20180061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium is utilised by cells in signalling and in regulating ATP production; it also contributes to cell survival and, when concentrations are unbalanced, triggers pathways for cell death. Mitochondria contribute to calcium buffering, meaning that mitochondrial calcium uptake and release is intimately related to cytosolic calcium concentrations. This review focuses on the proteins contributing to mitochondrial calcium homoeostasis, the roles of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) and mitochondrial calcium-activated proteins, and their relevance in neurodegenerative pathologies. It also covers alterations to calcium homoeostasis in Friedreich ataxia (FA).
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43
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Panchal K, Tiwari AK. Mitochondrial dynamics, a key executioner in neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrion 2018; 47:151-173. [PMID: 30408594 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are the group of disorder that includes brain, peripheral nerves, spinal cord and results in sensory and motor neuron dysfunction. Several studies have shown that mitochondrial dynamics and their axonal transport play a central role in most common NDs such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) etc. In normal physiological condition, there is a balance between mitochondrial fission and fusion process while any alteration to these processes cause defect in ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) biogenesis that lead to the onset of several NDs. Also, mitochondria mediated ROS may induce lipid and protein peroxidation, energy deficiency environment in the neurons and results in cell death and defective neurotransmission. Though, mitochondria is a well-studied cell organelle regulating the cellular energy demands but still, its detail role or association in NDs is under observation. In this review, we have summarized an updated mitochondria and their possible role in different NDs with the therapeutic strategy to improve the mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Panchal
- Genetics & Developmental Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research (IAR), Koba, Institutional Area, Gandhinagar 382426, India
| | - Anand Krishna Tiwari
- Genetics & Developmental Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research (IAR), Koba, Institutional Area, Gandhinagar 382426, India.
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44
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Mustaly-Kalimi S, Littlefield AM, Stutzmann GE. Calcium Signaling Deficits in Glia and Autophagic Pathways Contributing to Neurodegenerative Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1158-1175. [PMID: 29634342 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Numerous cellular processes and signaling mechanisms have been identified that contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology; however, a comprehensive or unifying pathway that binds together the major disease features remains elusive. As an upstream mechanism, altered calcium (Ca2+) signaling is a common driving force for many pathophysiological events that emerge during normal aging and development of neurodegenerative disease. Recent Advances: Over the previous three decades, accumulated evidence has validated the concept that intracellular Ca2+ dysregulation is centrally involved in AD pathogenesis, including the aggregation of pathogenic β-amyloid (Aβ) and phospho-τ species, synapse loss and dysfunction, cognitive impairment, and neurotoxicity. CRITICAL ISSUES Although neuronal Ca2+ signaling within the cytosol and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has been well studied, other critical central nervous system-resident cell types affected by aberrant Ca2+ signaling, such as astrocytes and microglia, have not been considered as thoroughly. In addition, certain intracellular Ca2+-harboring organelles have been well studied, such as the ER and mitochondria; however other critical Ca2+-regulated organelles, such as lysosomes and autophagosomes, have only more recently been investigated. In this review, we examine Ca2+ dysregulation in microglia and astrocytes, as well as key intracellular organelles important for cellular maintenance and protein handling. Ca2+ dysregulation within these non-neuronal cells and organelles is hypothesized to disrupt the effective clearance of misaggregated proteins and cellular signaling pathways needed for memory networks. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Overall, we aim to explore how these disrupted mechanisms could be involved in AD pathology and consider their role as potential therapeutic targets. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 1158-1175.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mustaly-Kalimi
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science , North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alyssa M Littlefield
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science , North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Grace E Stutzmann
- 2 Department of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science , North Chicago, Illinois
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45
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Tabata Y, Imaizumi Y, Sugawara M, Andoh-Noda T, Banno S, Chai M, Sone T, Yamazaki K, Ito M, Tsukahara K, Saya H, Hattori N, Kohyama J, Okano H. T-type Calcium Channels Determine the Vulnerability of Dopaminergic Neurons to Mitochondrial Stress in Familial Parkinson Disease. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:1171-1184. [PMID: 30344006 PMCID: PMC6234903 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disease caused by selective degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra. Although most cases of PD are sporadic cases, familial PD provides a versatile research model for basic mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of PD. In this study, we generated DA neurons from PARK2 patient-specific, isogenic PARK2 null and PARK6 patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells and found that these neurons exhibited more apoptosis and greater susceptibility to rotenone-induced mitochondrial stress. From phenotypic screening with an FDA-approved drug library, one voltage-gated calcium channel antagonist, benidipine, was found to suppress rotenone-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, we demonstrated the dysregulation of calcium homeostasis and increased susceptibility to rotenone-induced stress in PD, which is prevented by T-type calcium channel knockdown or antagonists. These findings suggest that calcium homeostasis in DA neurons might be a useful target for developing new drugs for PD patients. Patient-derived DA neurons recapitulate several PD-related disease phenotypes Establishment of a system for drug screening against PD using patient-derived cells Calcium channel antagonists suppress rotenone-induced apoptosis in PARK2 DA neurons The involvement of dysregulated T-type calcium channels in the progression of PD
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikuni Tabata
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd, 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Yoichi Imaizumi
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd, 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Michiko Sugawara
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd, 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Tomoko Andoh-Noda
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Satoe Banno
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - MuhChyi Chai
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takefumi Sone
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuto Yamazaki
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd, 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Masashi Ito
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd, 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Kappei Tsukahara
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd, 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Jun Kohyama
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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46
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Mitochondrial Targeting in Neurodegeneration: A Heme Perspective. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11030087. [PMID: 30231533 PMCID: PMC6161291 DOI: 10.3390/ph11030087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has achieved an increasing interest in the field of neurodegeneration as a pathological hallmark for different disorders. The impact of mitochondria is related to a variety of mechanisms and several of them can co-exist in the same disease. The central role of mitochondria in neurodegenerative disorders has stimulated studies intended to implement therapeutic protocols based on the targeting of the distinct mitochondrial processes. The review summarizes the most relevant mechanisms by which mitochondria contribute to neurodegeneration, encompassing therapeutic approaches. Moreover, a new perspective is proposed based on the heme impact on neurodegeneration. The heme metabolism plays a central role in mitochondrial functions, and several evidences indicate that alterations of the heme metabolism are associated with neurodegenerative disorders. By reporting the body of knowledge on this topic, the review intends to stimulate future studies on the role of heme metabolism in neurodegeneration, envisioning innovative strategies in the struggle against neurodegenerative diseases.
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47
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Chiang S, Kalinowski DS, Jansson PJ, Richardson DR, Huang MLH. Mitochondrial dysfunction in the neuro-degenerative and cardio-degenerative disease, Friedreich's ataxia. Neurochem Int 2018; 117:35-48. [PMID: 28782591 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial homeostasis is essential for maintaining healthy cellular function and survival. The detrimental involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in neuro-degenerative diseases has recently been highlighted in human conditions, such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease. Friedreich's ataxia (FA) is another neuro-degenerative, but also cardio-degenerative condition, where mitochondrial dysfunction plays a crucial role in disease progression. Deficient expression of the mitochondrial protein, frataxin, is the primary cause of FA, which leads to adverse alterations in whole cell and mitochondrial iron metabolism. Dys-regulation of iron metabolism in these compartments, results in the accumulation of inorganic iron deposits in the mitochondrial matrix that is thought to potentiate oxidative damage observed in FA. Therefore, the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis is crucial in the progression of neuro-degenerative conditions, particularly in FA. In this review, vital mitochondrial homeostatic processes and their roles in FA pathogenesis will be discussed. These include mitochondrial iron processing, mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission processes), mitophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial energy production and calcium metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Chiang
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Danuta S Kalinowski
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Patric J Jansson
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
| | - Michael L-H Huang
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
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48
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Honrath B, Krabbendam IE, IJsebaart C, Pegoretti V, Bendridi N, Rieusset J, Schmidt M, Culmsee C, Dolga AM. SK channel activation is neuroprotective in conditions of enhanced ER-mitochondrial coupling. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:593. [PMID: 29789578 PMCID: PMC5964177 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0590-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in the strength and interface area of contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria contribute to calcium (Ca2+) dysregulation and neuronal cell death, and have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative diseases. Weakening this physical linkage may reduce Ca2+ uptake into mitochondria, while fortifying these organelle contact sites may promote mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and cell death. Small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channels regulate mitochondrial respiration, and their activation attenuates mitochondrial damage in paradigms of oxidative stress. In the present study, we enhanced ER–mitochondrial coupling and investigated the impact of SK channels on survival of neuronal HT22 cells in conditions of oxidative stress. Using genetically encoded linkers, we show that mitochondrial respiration and the vulnerability of neuronal cells to oxidative stress was inversely linked to the strength of ER–mitochondrial contact points and the increase in mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. Pharmacological activation of SK channels provided protection against glutamate-induced cell death and also in conditions of increased ER–mitochondrial coupling. Together, this study revealed that SK channel activation provided persistent neuroprotection in the paradigm of glutamate-induced oxytosis even in conditions where an increase in ER–mitochondrial coupling potentiated mitochondrial Ca2+ influx and impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Honrath
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany. .,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences (BCN), Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Inge E Krabbendam
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences (BCN), Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen IJsebaart
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences (BCN), Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Valentina Pegoretti
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences (BCN), Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Bendridi
- INSERM U1060, INRA U1235, Laboratoire CarMeN, Lyon University, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSA-Lyon, F-69921, Oullins, France
| | - Jennifer Rieusset
- INSERM U1060, INRA U1235, Laboratoire CarMeN, Lyon University, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSA-Lyon, F-69921, Oullins, France
| | - Martina Schmidt
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences (BCN), Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carsten Culmsee
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Amalia M Dolga
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany. .,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences (BCN), Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Karimzadeh S, Hosseinkhani S, Fathi A, Ataei F, Baharvand H. Insufficient Apaf-1 expression in early stages of neural differentiation of human embryonic stem cells might protect them from apoptosis. Eur J Cell Biol 2018; 97:126-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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50
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Calcium uptake and cytochrome c release from normal and ischemic brain mitochondria. Neurochem Int 2017; 117:15-22. [PMID: 29042253 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
At abnormally elevated levels of intracellular Ca2+, mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake may compromise mitochondrial electron transport activities and trigger membrane permeability changes that allow for release of cytochrome c and other mitochondrial apoptotic proteins into the cytosol. In this study, a clinically relevant canine cardiac arrest model was used to assess the effects of global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion on mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake capacity, Ca2+ uptake-mediated inhibition of respiration, and Ca2+-induced cytochrome c release, as measured in vitro in a K+-based medium in the presence of Mg2+, ATP, and NADH-linked oxidizable substrates. Maximum Ca2+ uptake by frontal cortex mitochondria was significantly lower following 10 min cardiac arrest compared to non-ischemic controls. Mitochondria from ischemic brains were also more sensitive to the respiratory inhibition associated with accumulation of large levels of Ca2+. Cytochrome c was released from brain mitochondria in vitro in a Ca2+-dose-dependent manner and was more pronounced following both 10 min of ischemia alone and following 24 h reperfusion, in comparison to mitochondria from non-ischemic Shams. These effects of ischemia and reperfusion on brain mitochondria could compromise intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, decrease aerobic and increase anaerobic cerebral energy metabolism, and potentiate the cytochrome c-dependent induction of apoptosis, when re-oxygenated mitochondria are exposed to abnormally high levels of intracellular Ca2+.
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