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Agboh HNK, Adjei GA, Okai GA, Awotwe C, Ossom BM, Yarney L. Infection prevention and control: Qualitative study of the preparedness and response of Christian health Association of Ghana to Marburg virus disease in Ghana. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31953. [PMID: 38882285 PMCID: PMC11176786 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Recent disease outbreaks underscore the importance of robust disease surveillance and infection prevention and control (IPC) programmes to bolster Africa's public health response system. Yet, available evidence shows extensive gaps in the emergency response capacity of faith-based healthcare providers on the continent. Accordingly, this study examines the IPC and surveillance strategies adopted by a faith-based healthcare provider and the challenges encountered during Marburg Virus Disease outbreak (MVD) in Ghana. Method We collected data from 15 clinical and nonclinical health workers from the Christian Health Association of Ghana (CHAG) and the Ghana Health Service (GHS). Data was collected through online interviews to examine two pillars of the WHO COVID-19 SPRP-AFR (2021) framework. We analyzed the data using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis. Findings The facility performed creditably well with contact tracing and other quarantine protocols during MVD outbreak in Ghana. However, it also encountered several challenges in the enforcement of IPC protocols, including human resource constraints, the lack of decontamination equipment, and limited infrastructure, among others. Given these limitations, we assessed that the facility cannot handle major outbreaks. Conclusion Due to numerous infectious disease outbreaks in Sub-Saharan Africa in recent years, the government of Ghana and faith-based healthcare providers must resource their facilities with the relevant equipment and qualified human resources against future disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Grace Adjei Okai
- Catholic Health Service Trust, Ghana, P. O. Box 9712, Airport, Accra, Ghana
| | - Caroline Awotwe
- Catholic Health Service Trust, Ghana, P. O. Box 9712, Airport, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Lily Yarney
- University of Ghana Business School, P. O. Box LG 78, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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Sanito RC, Mujiyanti DR, You SJ, Wang YF. A review on medical waste treatment in COVID-19 pandemics: Technologies, managements and future strategies. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2024; 74:72-99. [PMID: 37955449 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2023.2282011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Since the outbreak of COVID-19 few years ago, the increasing of the number of medical waste has become a huge issue because of their harmful impact to environment. A major concern associated to the limitation of technologies for dealing with medical waste, especially conventional technologies, are overcapacities since pandemic occurs. Moreover, the outbreak of new viruses from post COVID-19 should become a serious attention to be prevented not only environmental issues but also the spreading of viruses to new pandemic near the future. The high possibility of an outbreak of new viruses and mutation near the future should be prevented based on the experience associated with the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the last 3 yr. This review presented information and strategies for handling medical waste during the outbreak of COVID-19 and post-COVID-19, and also information on the current issues related to technologies, such as incineration, pyrolysis/gasification, autoclaves and microwave treatment for the dealing with high numbers of medical waste in COVID-19 to prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus, their advantages and disadvantages. Plasma technology can be considered to be implemented as an alternative technology to deal with medical waste since incinerator is usually over capacities during the pandemic situation. Proper treatment of specific medical waste in pandemics, namely face masks, vaccine vials, syringes, and dead bodies, are necessary because those medical wastes are mediums for transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Furthermore, emission controls from incinerator and plasma are necessary to be implemented to reduce the high concentration of CO2, NOx, and VOCs during the treatment. Finally, future strategies of medical waste treatment in the perspective of potential outbreak pandemic from new mutation viruses are discussed in this review paper.Implications: Journal of the air and waste management association may consider our review paper to be published. In this review, we give important information related to the technologies, managements and strategies for handling the medical waste and control the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus, starting from proper technology to control the high number of medical waste, their pollutants and many strategies for controlling the spreading of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Moreover, this review also describes some strategies associated with control the transmission not only the SARS-CoV-2 virus but also the outbreak of new viruses near the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raynard Christianson Sanito
- Surface Engineering Laboratory, Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Mineral, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Laval University, Pavillon Adrien-Pouliot, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- CHU de Quebec, Hospital Saint-François d'Assise, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dwi Rasy Mujiyanti
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
| | - Sheng-Jie You
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Center for Environmental Risk Management, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fen Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Center for Environmental Risk Management, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Srivastava D, Kutikuppala LVS, Shanker P, Sahoo RN, Pattnaik G, Dash R, Kandi V, Ansari A, Mishra S, Desai DN, Mohapatra RK, Rabaan AA, Kudrat‐E‐Zahan M. The neglected continuously emerging Marburg virus disease in Africa: A global public health threat. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1661. [PMID: 37908639 PMCID: PMC10613755 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Severe viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) is caused by Marburg virus which is a member of the Filoviridae (filovirus) family. Many Marburg virus disease (MVD) outbreaks are reported in five decades. A major notable outbreak with substantial reported cases of infections and deaths was in 2022 in Uganda. The World Health Organisation (WHO) reported MVD outbreak in Ghana in July 2022 following the detection of two probable VHF patients there. Further, the virus was reported from two other African countries, the Equatorial Guinea (February 2023) and Tanzania (March 2023). There have been 35 deaths out of 40 reported cases in Equatorial Guinea, and six of the nine confirmed cases in Tanzania so far. Methods Data particularly on the several MVD outbreaks as reported from the African countries were searched on various databases including the Pubmed, Scopus, and Web-of-science. Also, the primary data and reports from health agencies like the WHO and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC) were evaluated and the efficacy reviewed. Results Chiroptera in general and bat species like Rousettus aegyptiacus and Hipposideros caffer in particular are natural reservoirs of the Marburg virus. MVD-infected nonhuman primate African fruit-bat and the MVD-infected humans pose significant risk in human infections. Cross-border viral transmission and its potential further international ramification concerns raise the risk of its rapid spread and a potential outbreak. Occurrence of MVD is becoming more frequent in Africa with higher case fatality rates. Effective prophylactic and therapeutic interventions to counter this deadly virus are suggested. Conclusion In the face of the lack of effective therapeutics and preventives against MVD, supportive care is the only available option which contributes to the growing concern and disease severity. In view of the preventive approaches involving effective surveillance and monitoring system following the "One Health" model is extremely beneficial to ensure a healthy world for all, this article aims at emphasizing several MVD outbreaks, epidemiology, zoonosis of the virus, current treatment strategies, risk assessments, and the mitigation strategies against MVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devang Srivastava
- Department of General MedicineKakatiya Medical CollegeRangam Peta StreetWarangalTelanganaIndia
| | | | - Pooja Shanker
- Department of MicrobiologySMS Medical CollegeGangawal Park, Adarsh NagarJaipurRajastanIndia
| | - Rudra Narayan Sahoo
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSiksha‐O‐Anusandhan Deemed‐to‐be‐UniversityBhubaneswarOdishaIndia
| | - Gurudutta Pattnaik
- School of Pharmacy and Life SciencesCenturion University of Technology and ManagementOdishaIndia
| | - Rasmita Dash
- School of Pharmacy and Life SciencesCenturion University of Technology and ManagementOdishaIndia
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Department of MicrobiologyPrathima Institute of Medical SciencesKarimnagarTelanganaIndia
| | - Azaj Ansari
- Department of ChemistryCentral University of HaryanaMahendergarhHaryanaIndia
| | - Snehasish Mishra
- School of BiotechnologyKIIT Deemed‐to‐be UniversityBhubaneswarOdishaIndia
| | - Dhruv N. Desai
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ryan Veterinary HospitalUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic LaboratoryJohns Hopkins Aramco HealthcareDhahranSaudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, College of MedicineAlfaisal UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and NutritionThe University of HaripurHaripurPakistan
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Okesanya OJ, Manirambona E, Olaleke NO, Osumanu HA, Faniyi AA, Bouaddi O, Gbolahan O, Lasala JJ, Lucero-Prisno DE. Rise of Marburg virus in Africa: a call for global preparedness. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023; 85:5285-5290. [PMID: 37811021 PMCID: PMC10553126 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Marburg virus disease (MVD) is caused by a rare RNA virus that can result in severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and other primates. The disease was first discovered in 1967 in Marburg Frankfurt in Germany and since then, sporadic cases have been reported in southeastern Africa. The Egyptian fruit bat is considered a reservoir for the virus, which can be transmitted through direct contact with infected bat or monkey tissue, bodily fluids, or contaminated objects. The Marburg virus disease shares clinical features with the Ebola virus disease, and there are no widely accepted vaccines or antiviral medications to treat it. The article provides an overview of Marburg virus (MARV) outbreaks in Africa, including the most recent outbreaks in Guinea, Ghana, Equatorial Guinea, and Tanzania. The authors discuss the recent outbreaks and the implications of the spread of MARV to Africa's healthcare systems. The authors also present key recommendations for both multicountry and global preparedness efforts in order to better prevent and respond to future MARV outbreaks and other viruses with an epidemic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olalekan J. Okesanya
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Aro, Abeokuta
| | - Emery Manirambona
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Noah O. Olaleke
- Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife
| | - Hisham A. Osumanu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Ghana
| | - Ayodeji A. Faniyi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Oumnia Bouaddi
- International School of Public Health, Mohammed VI University of Health and Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | - Jose J. Lasala
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Don E. Lucero-Prisno
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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5
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Owusu I, Adu C, Aboagye RG, Mpangah RA, Acheampong GK, Akyereko E, Bonsu EO, Peprah P. Preparing for future outbreaks in Ghana: An overview of current COVID-19, monkeypox, and Marburg disease outbreaks. Health Promot Perspect 2023; 13:202-211. [PMID: 37808942 PMCID: PMC10558975 DOI: 10.34172/hpp.2023.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Amidst the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, Ghana is currently grappling with simultaneous outbreaks of Marburg virus disease and human monkeypox virus. The coexistence of these outbreaks emphasizes the imperative for a collaborative and global approach to enhance surveillance and expedite case detection. While Ghana has made efforts to respond to these outbreaks, this paper outlines the lessons learned and proposes recommendations in this regard. It is crucial to intensify response efforts at the local, regional, and national levels to effectively contain the spread of these infectious diseases. Therefore, this paper suggests prioritizing the following recommendations as crucial for assisting Ghana in adequately preparing for future outbreaks and safeguarding global public health: strengthening surveillance system through digitization, rapid and effective response; risk communication and community engagement; healthcare system readiness; and research and collaboration. Also, prioritizing building healthy public policies and developing personal skills of health personnel across the country is key for future outbreak response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Owusu
- Ghana Health Service, Headquarters, Accra, Ghana
| | - Collins Adu
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Richard Gyan Aboagye
- Fred Newton Binka School of Public Health, University of Health, and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana
| | | | | | - Ernest Akyereko
- Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Emmanuel Osei Bonsu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Prince Peprah
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity/Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Sibomana O, Kubwimana E. First-ever Marburg virus disease outbreak in Equatorial Guinea and Tanzania: An imminent crisis in West and East Africa. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e980. [PMID: 37647447 PMCID: PMC10461415 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Marburg virus, which is a member of the same virus family as the Ebola virus called Filoviridae, causes the severe infectious disease known as Marburg virus disease (MVD). Previously, different outbreaks of MVD have appeared in different African countries, including Ghana, Guinea, Uganda, Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, and South Africa. For the first time, Equatorial Guinea and Tanzania are experiencing MVD outbreaks. A total of 17 laboratory-confirmed cases of MVD and 23 probable cases have been reported in Equatorial Guinea since the confirmation of the outbreak on February 13, 2023. The first MVD outbreak in the United Republic of Tanzania was formally confirmed by the Ministry of Health on March 21, 2023. As of 22 March, there were eight cases and five fatalities (case fatality ratio [CFR]: 62.5%). Due to the facts that Ebebiyin and Nsock Nsomo districts, the affected regions of Equatorial Guinea, borders Cameroon and Gabon, and Kagera region, the affected region of Tanzania, borders Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi, there is fear of cross-border spread of MVD due to cross-border migrations, and this can be a great crisis in West and East Africa. Although there are currently outbreaks of MVD in Equatorial Guinea and Tanzania, there is currently no proof of an epidemiological connection between the two outbreaks. The aim of this article is to describe MVD, describe its first outbreak in Equatorial Guinea and Tanzania, explain the efforts being used and the challenges being faced in MVD mitigation, and recommend different measures to be taken to cope with the outbreak of MVD in Equatorial Guinea and Tanzania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Sibomana
- Department of General Medicine and Surgery, College of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of RwandaKigaliRwanda
| | - Emmanuel Kubwimana
- Department of Dental Surgery, College of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of RwandaKigaliRwanda
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7
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Akash S, Emran TB, Chopra H, Dhama K. Re-emerging of Marburg virus: warning about its virulence and potential impact on world's health. Int J Surg 2023; 109:165-166. [PMID: 36799839 PMCID: PMC10389526 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shopnil Akash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka
| | - Talha B. Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
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8
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Osuagwu UL, Mashige KP, Ovenseri-Ogbomo G, Envuladu EA, Abu EK, Miner CA, Timothy CG, Ekpenyong BN, Langsi R, Amiebenomo OM, Oloruntoba R, Goson PC, Charwe DD, Ishaya T, Agho KE. The impact of information sources on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance in sub-Saharan Africa. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:38. [PMID: 36609264 PMCID: PMC9816548 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14972-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccination remains the most powerful weapon against the emergence of new variants of coronavirus (COVID-19). However, false information about COVID-19 vaccines through various platforms including social media remains a major threat to global public health. This study examined the impact of information sources on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). METHODS A validated web-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 14 March to 16 May 2021, and was administered in both French and English to 2572 participants aged 18 years and over. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, medical and vaccination history, and the information sources (mainstream media and social media) used by the participants during the pandemic were obtained. There were three main outcomes: The vaccinated group were those who responded in the affirmation (Yes) to the question of whether they have been vaccinated against COVID-19. Those who responded 'not sure' or 'no' to the question were then asked if they were willing to be vaccinated when the vaccine became available in their home countries. The responses to this follow-up question were used to derive the second and third outcome variables of 'vaccine hesitancy' and 'vaccine resistance', respectively. A series of logistic regression analyses were used to examine the impact of information sources on the three main outcomes. RESULTS The prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among the participants was lowest among newspaper readers (42%) and highest among TV (72%) and social media users (73%). The prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine-resistance was also lowest among newspaper readers (37%) but highest among social media users (87%). Multivariate analyses revealed that compared to those who did not use these information sources, SSA participants who relied on the radio (aOR 0.83, 95%CI = 0.70, 0.99), TV (aOR 0.80, 95%CI = 0.65, 0.97) and social media (aOR 0.79, 95%CI = 0.65, 0.97) for information during the pandemic were less likely to be hesitant towards taking the vaccines. However, social media users (aOR 2.13, 95%CI = 1.62, 2.80), those who watched TV (aOR 1.40, 95%CI =1.08, 1.80), relied on healthcare workers (HCWs: aOR 1.32, 95%CI = 1.07, 1.63) and families/friends (aOR 1.31, 95%CI = 1.06, 1.61) for COVID-19 related information during the pandemic were more likely to resist taking the COVID vaccines in this study. Participants who relied on the newspaper for information during the pandemic were less likely to resist the vaccines (aOR 0.77, 95%CI = 0.62, 0.95) compared to non-readers of a newspaper. CONCLUSION We found that all six information sources except radio were strong predictors of the resistance towards COVID-19 vaccination. Further research on how these channels can be used to improve the availability of reliable healthcare information is needed. Investments in these resources will protect people and empower them to make appropriate choices about their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchechukwu L. Osuagwu
- grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719Bathurst Rural Clinical School (BRCS), School of Medicine, Western Sydney University Bathurst, Bathurst, NSW 2795 Australia ,grid.16463.360000 0001 0723 4123African Vision Research Institute, Discipline of Optometry, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 3629 South Africa ,grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Campbeltown, NSW 2560 Australia
| | - Khathutshelo P. Mashige
- grid.16463.360000 0001 0723 4123African Vision Research Institute, Discipline of Optometry, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 3629 South Africa
| | - Godwin Ovenseri-Ogbomo
- grid.23378.3d0000 0001 2189 1357Department of Optometry, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, IV2 3JH UK
| | - Esther Awazzi Envuladu
- grid.412989.f0000 0000 8510 4538Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, 930003 Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Kwasi Abu
- grid.413081.f0000 0001 2322 8567Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, 00233 Ghana
| | - Chundung Asabe Miner
- grid.412989.f0000 0000 8510 4538Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, 930003 Nigeria
| | - Chikasirimobi G. Timothy
- grid.442592.c0000 0001 0746 093XDepartment of Optometry, Faculty of Health sciences, Mzuzu University, P. Bag 201 Luwinga 2,, Mzuzu, Malawi
| | - Bernadine N. Ekpenyong
- grid.16463.360000 0001 0723 4123African Vision Research Institute, Discipline of Optometry, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 3629 South Africa ,grid.413097.80000 0001 0291 6387Department of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Cross River State, Calabar, 540271 Nigeria
| | - Raymond Langsi
- grid.449799.e0000 0004 4684 0857Health Division, University of Bamenda, Bambili, P. O. Box 39, Cameroon
| | - Onyekachukwu M. Amiebenomo
- grid.413068.80000 0001 2218 219XDepartment of Optometry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin, Nigeria ,School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, College of Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ UK
| | - Richard Oloruntoba
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078School of Management and Marketing, Curtin Business School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6151 Australia
| | - Piwuna Christopher Goson
- grid.412989.f0000 0000 8510 4538Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Deborah Donald Charwe
- grid.419861.30000 0001 2217 1343Tanzania Food and Nutrition Center, P. O. Box 977, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Tanko Ishaya
- grid.412989.f0000 0000 8510 4538Department of Computer Science, University of Jos, Jos, 930003 Nigeria
| | - Kingsley E. Agho
- grid.16463.360000 0001 0723 4123African Vision Research Institute, Discipline of Optometry, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 3629 South Africa ,grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Campbeltown, NSW 2560 Australia ,grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560 Australia
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Eneh SC, Okonji OC, Chiburoma AG, Francisca Ogochukwu O, Tuwleh L, Gideon I, Okonji EF, Bushabu FN, Mgbere O. Marburg virus disease amid COVID-19 in West Africa: an emerging and re-emerging zoonotic epidemic threat, future implications and way forward. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2023; 10:20499361231168520. [PMID: 37101696 PMCID: PMC10125885 DOI: 10.1177/20499361231168520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Levi Tuwleh
- Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Inyangudo Gideon
- Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Emeka Francis Okonji
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fidele Nyimi Bushabu
- Service of Oral and Maxilla-Facial Surgery, Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- National Center Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Research Innovation and Technology, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kinshasa
| | - Osaro Mgbere
- Department of Health Systems and population Health Sciences, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Sohan M, Shahriar M, Bhuiyan MA, Islam MR. Recent outbreak of Marburg virus disease: Could it be a threat for global public health? Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e971. [DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Sohan
- Department of Pharmacy University of Asia Pacific Farmgate, Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy University of Asia Pacific Farmgate, Dhaka Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy University of Asia Pacific Farmgate, Dhaka Bangladesh
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Reuben RC, Abunike SA. Marburg virus disease: the paradox of Nigeria's preparedness and priority effects in co-epidemics. BULLETIN OF THE NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE 2023; 47:10. [PMID: 36721499 PMCID: PMC9880916 DOI: 10.1186/s42269-023-00987-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent outbreaks of Marburg virus disease (MVD) in Guinea and Ghana have become a major public health concern not only to the West African sub-region but a threat to global health. MAIN BODY OF THE ABSTRACT Given the poorly elucidated ecological and epidemiological dynamics of the Marburg virus, it would be imprudent to preclude the possibility of another pandemic if urgent efforts are not put in place. However, the prior emergence and impact of COVID-19 and other co-occurring epidemics may add 'noise' to the epidemiological dynamics and public health interventions that may be required in the advent of a MVD outbreak in Nigeria. SHORT CONCLUSION Paying attention to the lessons learned from previous (and current) multiple epidemics including Avian Influenza, Yellow fever, Ebola virus disease, Monkeypox, Lassa fever, and COVID-19 could help avoid a potentially devastating public health catastrophe in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rine Christopher Reuben
- German Centre of Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Puschstraße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Biological Science, Anchor University, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Sarah Adamma Abunike
- Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
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Keita M, Talisuna A, Chamla D, Burmen B, Cherif MS, Polonsky JA, Boland S, Barry B, Mesfin S, Traoré FA, Traoré J, Kimenyi JP, Diallo AB, Godjedo TP, Traore T, Delamou A, Ki-Zerbo GA, Dagron S, Keiser O, Gueye AS. Investing in preparedness for rapid detection and control of epidemics: analysis of health system reforms and their effect on 2021 Ebola virus disease epidemic response in Guinea. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:bmjgh-2022-010984. [PMID: 36599498 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-010984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2014-2016 West Africa Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) Epidemic devastated Guinea's health system and constituted a public health emergency of international concern. Following the crisis, Guinea invested in the establishment of basic health system reforms and crucial legal instruments for strengthening national health security in line with the WHO's recommendations for ensuring better preparedness for (and, therefore, a response to) health emergencies. The investments included the scaling up of Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response; Joint External Evaluation of International Health Regulation capacities; National Action Plan for Health Security; Simulation Exercises; One Health platforms; creation of decentralised structures such as regional and prefectural Emergency Operation Centres; Risk assessment and hazard identification; Expanding human resources capacity; Early Warning Alert System and community preparedness. These investments were tested in the subsequent 2021 EVD outbreak and other epidemics. In this case, there was a timely declaration and response to the 2021 EVD epidemic, a lower-case burden and mortality rate, a shorter duration of the epidemic and a significant reduction in the cost of the response. Similarly, there was timely detection, response and containment of other epidemics including Lassa fever and Marburg virus disease. Findings suggest the utility of the preparedness activities for the early detection and efficient containment of outbreaks, which, therefore, underlines the need for all countries at risk of infectious disease epidemics to invest in similar reforms. Doing so promises to be not only cost-effective but also lifesaving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mory Keita
- Emergency Preparedness and Response, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo .,Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ambrose Talisuna
- Emergency Preparedness and Response, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Dick Chamla
- Emergency Preparedness and Response, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Barbara Burmen
- Health Security Preparedness, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mahamoud Sama Cherif
- Faculty of Sciences and Health Technics, Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Jonathan A Polonsky
- Geneva Centre of Humanitarian Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Emergency Response, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Boland
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Boubacar Barry
- Emergency Response, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Mesfin
- Emergency Response, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fodé Amara Traoré
- National Agency for Health Security, Ministry of Health, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Jean Traoré
- National Agency for Health Security, Ministry of Health, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Jean Paul Kimenyi
- Emergency Preparedness and Response, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Amadou Bailo Diallo
- Emergency Preparedness and Response, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Togbemabou Primous Godjedo
- Emergency Preparedness and Response, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Tieble Traore
- Emergency Preparedness and Response, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Alexandre Delamou
- African Centre of Excellence for the Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases, Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Georges Alfred Ki-Zerbo
- Office at the African Union (AU) and Un Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Stephanie Dagron
- Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivia Keiser
- Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Abdou Salam Gueye
- Emergency Preparedness and Response, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
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Sharma H, Ilyas A, Chowdhury A, Poddar NK, Chaudhary AA, Shilbayeh SAR, Ibrahim AA, Khan S. Does COVID-19 lockdowns have impacted on global dengue burden? A special focus to India. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1402. [PMID: 35869470 PMCID: PMC9304795 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13720-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The world has been battling several vector-borne diseases since time immemorial. Socio-economic marginality, precipitation variations and human behavioral attributes play a major role in the proliferation of these diseases. Lockdown and social distancing have affected social behavioral aspects of human life and somehow impact on the spread of vector borne diseases. This article sheds light into the relationship between COVID-19 lockdown and global dengue burden with special focus on India. It also focuses on the interconnection of the COVID-19 pandemic (waves 1 and 2) and the alteration of human behavioral patterns in dengue cases. Methods We performed a systematic search using various resources from different platforms and websites, such as Medline; Pubmed; PAHO; WHO; CDC; ECDC; Epidemiology Unit Ministry of Health (Sri Lanka Government); NASA; NVBDCP from 2015 until 2021. We have included many factors, such as different geographical conditions (tropical climate, semitropic and arid conditions); GDP rate (developed nations, developing nations, and underdeveloped nations). We also categorized our data in order to conform to COVID-19 duration from 2019 to 2021. Data was extracted for the complete duration of 10 years (2012 to 2021) from various countries with different geographical region (arid region, semitropic/semiarid region and tropical region). Results There was a noticeable reduction in dengue cases in underdeveloped (70–85%), developing (50–90%), and developed nations (75%) in the years 2019 and 2021. The dengue cases drastically reduced by 55–65% with the advent of COVID-19 s wave in the year 2021 across the globe. Conclusions At present, we can conclude that COVID-19 and dengue show an inverse relationship. These preliminary, data-based observations should guide clinical practice until more data are made public and basis for further medical research. • COVID-19 has increased the burden on the health care system across the globe. • COVID-19 has inverse relation with the occurrence of Dengue cases. • Dengue situation is worse in countries with low GDP. • Human behavior and social distancing have direct correlation with the number of Dengue cases. • Cross-reactivity or overlap between Dengue and COVID-19, has proportional effect on each other.
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Sah R, Mohanty A, Reda A, Siddiq A, Mohapatra RK, Dhama K. Marburg virus re-emerged in 2022: recently detected in Ghana, another zoonotic pathogen coming up amid rising cases of Monkeypox and ongoing COVID-19 pandemic- global health concerns and counteracting measures. Vet Q 2022; 42:167-171. [PMID: 35993230 PMCID: PMC9448384 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2022.2116501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit Sah
- Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,CONTACT Ranjit Sah Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Aroop Mohanty
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Abdullah Reda
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ranjan K. Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, Odisha, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India,Kuldeep Dhama Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar243122, India
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15
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Marburg virus outbreak in Ghana: An impending crisis. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 81:104377. [PMID: 36051815 PMCID: PMC9424924 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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16
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Ariza-Vioque E, Ello F, Andriamamonjisoa H, Machault V, González-Martín J, Calvo-Cortés MC, Eholié S, Tchabert GA, Ouassa T, Raberahona M, Rakotoarivelo R, Razafindrakoto H, Rahajamanana L, Wilkinson RJ, Davis A, Maxebengula M, Abrahams F, Muzoora C, Nakigozi N, Nyehangane D, Nanjebe D, Mbega H, Kaitano R, Bonnet M, Debeaudrap P, Miró JM, Anglaret X, Rakotosamimanana N, Calmy A, Bonnet F, Ambrosioni J. Capacity Building in Sub-Saharan Africa as Part of the INTENSE-TBM Project During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Infect Dis Ther 2022; 11:1327-1341. [PMID: 35767219 PMCID: PMC9244532 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-022-00667-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe and disabling form of tuberculosis (TB), with at least 100,000 cases per year and a mortality rate of up to 50% in individuals co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). To evaluate the efficacy and safety of an intensified anti-tubercular regimen and an anti-inflammatory treatment, the INTENSE-TBM project includes a phase III randomised clinical trial (TBM-RCT) in four countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Within this framework, we designed a comprehensive capacity-building work package ensuring all centres had, or would acquire, the ability to conduct the TBM-RCT and developing a network of skilled researchers, clinical centres and microbiology laboratories. Here, we describe these activities, identify strengths/challenges and share tools adaptable to other projects, particularly in low- and lower-middle income countries with heterogeneous settings and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Despite major challenges, TBM-RCT initiation was achieved in all sites, promoting enhanced local healthcare systems and encouraging further clinical research in SSA. In terms of certified trainings, the achievement levels were 95% (124/131) for good clinical practice, 91% (39/43) for good clinical laboratory practice and 91% (48/53) for infection prevention and control. Platform-based research, developed as part of capacity-building activities for specific projects, may be a valuable tool in fighting future infectious diseases and in developing high-level research in Africa. The INTENSE-TBM project aimed to design a comprehensive work-package on capacity building, ensuring all centres would acquire the ability to conduct a phase III randomised clinical trial on TBM in sub-Saharan Africa, to reduce tuberculous meningitis mortality and morbidity in patients with/without HIV-1 co-infection. Therefore, the INTENSE-TBM project is an example of how an international clinical research consortium can provide opportunities to enhance local capacity building and promote centres without previous experience in clinical research. This article provides practical approaches for implementing effective capacity-building programmes. We highlight how to overcome limitations imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic to successfully complete clinics, laboratory set-ups and personnel training, so as to optimise resources and empower African institutions on a local level. At the same time, our experience shows how capacity-building programmes can deliver long-lasting impact that extends beyond the original aims of the project (e.g. HIV and TB), and support local health systems in fighting other infectious disease (e.g. COVID-19). Research projects in low- and lower-middle income countries with heterogeneous settings could stand to benefit the most.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ariza-Vioque
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Ello
- Programme ANRS Coopération Côte d'Ivoire (PAC-CI), Abidjan, Ivory Coast
| | | | - V Machault
- INSERM U1219, Bordeaux Population Health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - J González-Martín
- Servei de Microbiologia, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic (CDB), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Salut Global (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M C Calvo-Cortés
- Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le SIDA et les Hépatites Virales (ANRS), Maladies Infectieuses Émergentes, Paris, France
| | - S Eholié
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Treichville, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
| | - G A Tchabert
- Programme ANRS Coopération Côte d'Ivoire (PAC-CI), Abidjan, Ivory Coast
| | - T Ouassa
- Centre de Diagnostic et de Research sur le SIDA et les autres maladies infectieuses (CeDReS), Abidjan, Ivory Coast
| | - M Raberahona
- Centre d'Infectiologie Charles Mérieux (CICM), Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Université d'Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Joseph Raseta Befalatanana, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - R Rakotoarivelo
- Université de Fianarantsoa, Fianarantsoa, Madagascar
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Tambohobe, Fianarantsoa, Madagascar
| | - H Razafindrakoto
- Centre d'Infectiologie Charles Mérieux (CICM), Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - L Rahajamanana
- Centre d'Infectiologie Charles Mérieux (CICM), Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - R J Wilkinson
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
- Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A Davis
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
| | - M Maxebengula
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
| | - F Abrahams
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
| | - C Muzoora
- Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) Epicentre, Mbarara, Uganda
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mbarara, Uganda
| | - N Nakigozi
- Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) Epicentre, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - D Nyehangane
- Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) Epicentre, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - D Nanjebe
- Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) Epicentre, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - H Mbega
- Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) Epicentre, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - R Kaitano
- Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) Epicentre, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - M Bonnet
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les Maladies Infectieuses (TransVIHMI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), INSERM, Paris, France
| | - P Debeaudrap
- Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les Maladies Infectieuses (TransVIHMI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), INSERM, Paris, France
| | - J M Miró
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- HIV Unit, Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - X Anglaret
- Programme ANRS Coopération Côte d'Ivoire (PAC-CI), Abidjan, Ivory Coast
- INSERM U1219, Bordeaux Population Health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - A Calmy
- Université de Genève (UNIGE), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Bonnet
- INSERM U1219, Bordeaux Population Health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, Saint-André Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - J Ambrosioni
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- HIV Unit, Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain.
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Karbalaei M, Keikha M. Clinical outcomes of the omicron variant compared with previous SARS-CoV-2 variants; meta-analysis of current reports. World J Meta-Anal 2022; 10:177-185. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v10.i3.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omicron (B.1.1.529) is a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant of concern; however, there is no comprehensive analysis regarding clinical features, disease severity, or clinical outcomes of this variant.
AIM To compare the clinical characteristics of infection with omicron and previous variants of SARS-CoV-2.
METHODS We searched major international databases consisting ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, MedRxiv, and Reference Citation Analysis to collect the potential relevant documents. Finally, clinical features, e.g., death rate, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, length of hospitalization, and mechanical ventilation, of infection with SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant compared with previous variants were assessed using odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 2.2.
RESULTS A total of 12 articles met our criteria. These investigated the clinical outcomes of infection with omicron variant compared with other variants such as alpha, beta and delta. Our results suggested that ICU admission, need for mechanical ventilation, and death rate were significantly lower for omicron than previous variants. In addition, the average length of hospitalization during the omicron wave was significantly shorter than for other variants.
CONCLUSION The infectivity of omicron variant was higher than for previous variants due to several mutations, particularly in the spike protein. However, disease severity was mild to moderate compared previous variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Karbalaei
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Masoud Keikha
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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18
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Tang B, Zhang X, Li Q, Bragazzi NL, Golemi-Kotra D, Wu J. The minimal COVID-19 vaccination coverage and efficacy to compensate for a potential increase of transmission contacts, and increased transmission probability of the emerging strains. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1258. [PMID: 35761216 PMCID: PMC9235129 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13429-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mass immunization is a potentially effective approach to finally control the local outbreak and global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it can also lead to undesirable outcomes if mass vaccination results in increased transmission of effective contacts and relaxation of other public health interventions due to the perceived immunity from the vaccine. Methods We designed a mathematical model of COVID-19 transmission dynamics that takes into consideration the epidemiological status, public health intervention status (quarantined/isolated), immunity status of the population, and strain variations. Comparing the control reproduction numbers and the final epidemic sizes (attack rate) in the cases with and without vaccination, we quantified some key factors determining when vaccination in the population is beneficial for preventing and controlling future outbreaks. Results Our analyses predicted that there is a critical (minimal) vaccine efficacy rate (or a critical quarantine rate) below which the control reproduction number with vaccination is higher than that without vaccination, and the final attack rate in the population is also higher with the vaccination. We also predicted the worst case scenario occurs when a high vaccine coverage rate is achieved for a vaccine with a lower efficacy rate and when the vaccines increase the transmission efficient contacts. Conclusions The analyses show that an immunization program with a vaccine efficacy rate below the predicted critical values will not be as effective as simply investing in the contact tracing/quarantine/isolation implementation. We reached similar conclusions by considering the final epidemic size (or attack rates). This research then highlights the importance of monitoring the impact on transmissibility and vaccine efficacy of emerging strains.
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Irene C, Elba M, Jiménez JL, Mellado MJ, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ. HIV HGM biobank as a research platform for paediatric infectious diseases and COVID-19 pandemic. AIDS Res Ther 2022; 19:22. [PMID: 35614512 PMCID: PMC9130977 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-022-00448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The initial cases of COVID-19 appeared in December 2019 and Spain was one of the most affected countries during the first wave (March to June). Since then, HIV HGM BioBank has been restructured as an established Paediatrics and Adults HIV_COVID-19 BioBank that aims at the long-term storage of samples obtained from not only HIV-1, but also from COVID-19 patients and HIV-1_COVID-19 coinfected patients. METHODS HIV HGM BioBank holds high quality biological samples from newborns, children, adolescents and adults with their associated clinical data. Research groups trying to establish large networks focused on research on specific clinical problems in epidemiology, biology, routes of transmission and therapies, are potential users of the clinical samples and of associated data of HIV-1_COVID-19 HGM BioBank. RESULTS The HIV HGM BioBank is an academic and ethical enterprise complying with all the legal regulatory rules to provide service to the society. HIV_COVID-19 HGM BioBank has been repurposed to offer an important resource for global research of COVID-19 in newborns, children, adolescents, adults and elders to study the biological effect of the pandemic. CONCLUSION Herein, we present a description of how HIV HGM BioBank has rapidly become an indispensable structure in modern biomedical research, including COVID-19 research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuegra Irene
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- HIV HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mauleón Elba
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- HIV HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Jiménez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- HIV HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain
- Plataforma-Laboratorio (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Mellado
- General Pediatrics, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department Hospital, Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.
- HIV HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain.
- Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain.
- Head Immunology Section, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C/Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Basaran MK, Dogan C, Sursal A, Ozdener F. Effect of Rotavirus Infection on Serum Micronutrients and Atopy in Children. J PEDIAT INF DIS-GER 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1745836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective Rotavirus is a highly infectious and prevalent ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus that causes fatal gastroenteritis in children. Despite vitamin D deficiency is associated with susceptibility to infections, the relationship between ferritin and vitamin B12 levels is not known. This study aimed to investigate and compare the effect of rotavirus on micronutrient levels, atopy, and the frequency of allergic diseases in children with rotavirus.
Methods There were rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVG) (N = 92) and non-rotavirus (control) groups (N = 95). Serum micronutrient levels (B12, ferritin, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-OH-D3]) were checked during the first control after gastroenteritis healed. Patients were also examined for allergic diseases on an average of 17 (14–32) months following rotavirus infection. Serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), eosinophil count, and percentage were analyzed. Skin tests and respiratory function tests were also performed on patients with allergic disease and asthma symptoms.
Results Mean ferritin, B12, and 25-OH-D3 levels were lower in the RVG group compared with the control group. Allergic diseases in the RVG group were more frequent than in the control group. The prevalence of the allergic disease in the RVG group was 16.3%, as opposed to 5.2% in the control group (p = 0.014). The IgE level was significantly higher in the RVG group.
Conclusion Children with rotavirus infection should be followed closely in terms of allergic diseases and micronutrient deficiency. Furthermore, rotavirus infection should be prevented in the society and early treatment should be made available via tests detecting micronutrient deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Keceli Basaran
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Gaziosmanpaşa Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Caner Dogan
- Department of Pediatrics, Gaziosmanpaşa Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alihan Sursal
- Department of Neuroscience, Bahcesehir University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ozdener
- Department of Pharmacology, Bahcesehir University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kawale P, Kalitsilo L, Mphande J, Romeo Adegbite B, Grobusch MP, Jacob ST, Rylance J, Madise NJ. On prioritising global health's triple crisis of sepsis, COVID-19 and antimicrobial resistance: a mixed-methods study from Malawi. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:613. [PMID: 35524209 PMCID: PMC9076498 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis causes 20% of global deaths, particularly among children and vulnerable populations living in developing countries. This study investigated how sepsis is prioritised in Malawi’s health system to inform health policy. In this mixed-methods study, twenty multisectoral stakeholders were qualitatively interviewed and asked to quantitatively rate the likelihood of sepsis-related medium-term policy outcomes being realised. Respondents indicated that sepsis is not prioritised in Malawi due to a lack of local sepsis-related evidence and policies. However, they highlighted strong linkages between sepsis and maternal health, antimicrobial resistance and COVID-19, which are already existing national priorities, and offers opportunities for sepsis researchers as policy entrepreneurs. To address the burden of sepsis, we recommend that funding should be channelled to the generation of local evidence, evidence uptake, procurement of resources and treatment of sepsis cases, development of appropriate indicators for sepsis, adherence to infection prevention and control measures, and antimicrobial stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kawale
- African Institute for Development Policy, Lilongwe, Malawi.
| | - Levi Kalitsilo
- African Institute for Development Policy, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Jessie Mphande
- African Institute for Development Policy, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Bayode Romeo Adegbite
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL) and African Partner Institution, Lambarene, Gabon.,Centre of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam Public Health, University of Amsterdam, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin P Grobusch
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL) and African Partner Institution, Lambarene, Gabon.,Centre of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam Public Health, University of Amsterdam, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Masanga Medical Research Unit, Masanga, Sierra Leone
| | - Shevin T Jacob
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.,, Walimu, Uganda
| | - Jamie Rylance
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.,Malawi-Liverpool-Welcome Trust, Blantyre, Malawi
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