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Suranjika S, Barla P, Sharma N, Dey N. A review on ubiquitin ligases: Orchestrators of plant resilience in adversity. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 347:112180. [PMID: 38964613 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitin- proteasome system (UPS) is universally present in plants and animals, mediating many cellular processes needed for growth and development. Plants constantly defend themselves against endogenous and exogenous stimuli such as hormonal signaling, biotic stresses such as viruses, fungi, nematodes, and abiotic stresses like drought, heat, and salinity by developing complex regulatory mechanisms. Ubiquitination is a regulatory mechanism involving selective elimination and stabilization of regulatory proteins through the UPS system where E3 ligases play a central role; they can bind to the targets in a substrate-specific manner, followed by poly-ubiquitylation, and subsequent protein degradation by 26 S proteasome. Increasing evidence suggests different types of E3 ligases play important roles in plant development and stress adaptation. Herein, we summarize recent advances in understanding the regulatory roles of different E3 ligases and primarily focus on protein ubiquitination in plant-environment interactions. It also highlights the diversity and complexity of these metabolic pathways that enable plant to survive under challenging conditions. This reader-friendly review provides a comprehensive overview of E3 ligases and their substrates associated with abiotic and biotic stresses that could be utilized for future crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Suranjika
- Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), an autonomous institute under Department of Biotechnology Government of India, NALCO Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; Department of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), KIIT Road, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Preeti Barla
- Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), an autonomous institute under Department of Biotechnology Government of India, NALCO Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Namisha Sharma
- Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), an autonomous institute under Department of Biotechnology Government of India, NALCO Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Nrisingha Dey
- Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), an autonomous institute under Department of Biotechnology Government of India, NALCO Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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Du Y, Liu G, Jia H, Liu Y, Tan Y, Wang S, Mu J, Yu J, Xue K, Zhang R, Gleason ML, Liang X, Sun G. Changes in planta K nutrient content altered the interaction pattern between Nicotiana benthamiana and Alternaria longipes. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:3619-3637. [PMID: 38747645 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Potassium (K) fertilisation has frequently been shown to enhance plant resistance against pathogens, though the mechanisms remain elusive. This study investigates the interaction dynamics between Nicotiana benthamiana and the pathogen Alternaria longipes under different planta K levels. On the host side, adding K activated the expressions of three NLR (nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing proteins) resistance genes, including NbRPM1, NbR1B23 and NbNBS12. Silencing these NLRs attenuated resistance in high-K (HK, 40.8 g/kg) plant, whereas their overexpression strengthened resistance in low-K (LK, 23.9 g/kg) plant. Typically, these NLRs mainly strengthened plant resistance via promoting the expression of pathogenesis-related genes (PRs), ROS burst and synthesis of antifungal metabolites in HK plant. On the pathogen side, the expression of effectors HKCSP1, HKCSP2 and LKCSP were shown to be related to planta K content. A. longipes mainly expressed effectors HKCSP1 and HKCSP2 in HK plant to interfere host resistance. HKCSP1 physically interacted with NbRPM1 to promote the degradation of NbRPM1, then attenuated related resistance in HK N. benthamiana. Meanwhile, HKCSP2 directly interacted with NbPR5 to suppress resistance in HK plant. In LK plant, A. longipes mainly deployed LKCSP that interacted with NbR1B23 to interfere reduce resistance in N. benthamiana. Overall, our research insights that both pathogen and host mobilise distinct strategies to outcompete each other during interactions in different K nutrient environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guangli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongchen Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuanghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junxiang Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingbo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ke Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mark L Gleason
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Xiaofei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guangyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Betz R, Heidt S, Figueira-Galán D, Hartmann M, Langner T, Requena N. Alternative splicing regulation in plants by SP7-like effectors from symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7107. [PMID: 39160162 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Most plants in natural ecosystems associate with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to survive soil nutrient limitations. To engage in symbiosis, AM fungi secrete effector molecules that, similar to pathogenic effectors, reprogram plant cells. Here we show that the Glomeromycotina-specific SP7 effector family impacts on the alternative splicing program of their hosts. SP7-like effectors localize at nuclear condensates and interact with the plant mRNA processing machinery, most prominently with the splicing factor SR45 and the core splicing proteins U1-70K and U2AF35. Ectopic expression of these effectors in the crop plant potato and in Arabidopsis induced developmental changes that paralleled to the alternative splicing modulation of a specific subset of genes. We propose that SP7-like proteins act as negative regulators of SR45 to modulate the fate of specific mRNAs in arbuscule-containing cells. Unraveling the communication mechanisms between symbiotic fungi and their host plants will help to identify targets to improve plant nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Betz
- Joseph Kölreuter Institute for Plant Sciences. Molecular Phytopathology Department, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) - South Campus, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sven Heidt
- Joseph Kölreuter Institute for Plant Sciences. Molecular Phytopathology Department, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) - South Campus, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - David Figueira-Galán
- Joseph Kölreuter Institute for Plant Sciences. Molecular Phytopathology Department, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) - South Campus, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Meike Hartmann
- Joseph Kölreuter Institute for Plant Sciences. Molecular Phytopathology Department, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) - South Campus, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thorsten Langner
- Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen - Max-Planck-Ring 5, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Natalia Requena
- Joseph Kölreuter Institute for Plant Sciences. Molecular Phytopathology Department, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) - South Campus, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Liu L, Li J, Wang Z, Zhou H, Wang Y, Qin W, Duan H, Zhao H, Ge X. Suppression of plant immunity by Verticillium dahliae effector Vd6317 through AtNAC53 association. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:1767-1781. [PMID: 38924284 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Verticillium dahliae, a soil-borne fungal pathogen, compromises host innate immunity by secreting a plethora of effectors, thereby facilitating host colonization and causing substantial yield and quality losses. The mechanisms underlying the modulation of cotton immunity by V. dahliae effectors are predominantly unexplored. In this study, we identified that the V. dahliae effector Vd6317 inhibits plant cell death triggered by Vd424Y and enhances PVX viral infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. Attenuation of Vd6317 significantly decreased the virulence of V. dahliae, whereas ectopic expression of Vd6317 in Arabidopsis and cotton enhanced susceptibility to V. dahliae infection, underscoring Vd6317's critical role in pathogenicity. We observed that Vd6317 targeted the Arabidopsis immune regulator AtNAC53, thereby impeding its transcriptional activity on the defense-associated gene AtUGT74E2. Arabidopsis nac53 and ugt74e2 mutants exhibited heightened sensitivity to V. dahliae compared to wild-type plants. A mutation at the conserved residue 193L of Vd6317 abrogated its interaction with AtNAC53 and reduced the virulence of V. dahliae, which was partially attributable to a reduction in Vd6317 protein stability. Our findings unveil a hitherto unrecognized regulatory mechanism by which the V. dahliae effector Vd6317 directly inhibits the plant transcription factor AtNAC53 activity to suppress the expression of AtUGT74E2 and plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisen Liu
- Henan Normal University Research Base of National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Xinxiang, 453000, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Jianing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Zhaohan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Haodan Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Ye Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Wenqiang Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Hongying Duan
- Henan Normal University Research Base of National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Henan Normal University Research Base of National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Xinxiang, 453000, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Xiaoyang Ge
- Henan Normal University Research Base of National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Xinxiang, 453000, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, 831100, China
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Nguyen QM, Iswanto ABB, Kang H, Moon J, Phan KAT, Son GH, Suh MC, Chung EH, Gassmann W, Kim SH. The processed C-terminus of AvrRps4 effector suppresses plant immunity via targeting multiple WRKYs. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:1769-1787. [PMID: 38869289 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Pathogens generate and secrete effector proteins to the host plant cells during pathogenesis to promote virulence and colonization. If the plant carries resistance (R) proteins that recognize pathogen effectors, effector-triggered immunity (ETI) is activated, resulting in a robust immune response and hypersensitive response (HR). The bipartite effector AvrRps4 from Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi has been well studied in terms of avirulence function. In planta, AvrRps4 is processed into two parts. The C-terminal fragment of AvrRps4 (AvrRps4C) induces HR in turnip and is recognized by the paired resistance proteins AtRRS1/AtRPS4 in Arabidopsis. Here, we show that AvrRps4C targets a group of Arabidopsis WRKY, including WRKY46, WRKY53, WRKY54, and WRKY70, to induce its virulence function. Indeed, AvrRps4C suppresses the general binding and transcriptional activities of immune-positive regulator WRKY54 and WRKY54-mediated resistance. AvrRps4C interferes with WRKY54's binding activity to target gene SARD1 in vitro, suggesting WRKY54 is sequestered from the SARD1 promoter by AvrRps4C. Through the interaction of AvrRps4C with four WRKYs, AvrRps4 enhances the formation of homo-/heterotypic complexes of four WRKYs and sequesters them in the cytoplasm, thus inhibiting their function in plant immunity. Together, our results provide a detailed virulence mechanism of AvrRps4 through its C-terminus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang-Minh Nguyen
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Arya Bagus Boedi Iswanto
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Hobin Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Jiyun Moon
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Kieu Anh Thi Phan
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Geon Hui Son
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Mi Chung Suh
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Korea
| | - Eui-Hwan Chung
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Walter Gassmann
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, 65211, Missouri, USA
| | - Sang Hee Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
- Division of Life Science and Research Institute of Molecular Alchemy, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
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Jiang Y, Yue Y, Lu C, Latif MZ, Liu H, Wang Z, Yin Z, Li Y, Ding X. AtSNU13 modulates pre-mRNA splicing of RBOHD and ALD1 to regulate plant immunity. BMC Biol 2024; 22:153. [PMID: 38982460 PMCID: PMC11234627 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01951-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Pre-mRNA splicing is a significant step for post-transcriptional modifications and functions in a wide range of physiological processes in plants. Human NHP2L binds to U4 snRNA during spliceosome assembly; it is involved in RNA splicing and mediates the development of human tumors. However, no ortholog has yet been identified in plants. Therefore, we report At4g12600 encoding the ortholog NHP2L protein, and AtSNU13 associates with the component of the spliceosome complex; the atsnu13 mutant showed compromised resistance in disease resistance, indicating that AtSNU13 is a positive regulator of plant immunity. Compared to wild-type plants, the atsnu13 mutation resulted in altered splicing patterns for defense-related genes and decreased expression of defense-related genes, such as RBOHD and ALD1. Further investigation shows that AtSNU13 promotes the interaction between U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP-specific 27 K and the motif in target mRNAs to regulate the RNA splicing. Our study highlights the role of AtSNU13 in regulating plant immunity by affecting the pre-mRNA splicing of defense-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanke Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yingzhe Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Chongchong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Muhammad Zunair Latif
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Zhaoxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Ziyi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xinhua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai an, Shandong, 271018, China.
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Li X, Dong Y, Yu H, Zhao J, Yang F, Song W, Wang C, Liu J, Liang Q, Wang Y, Yang KQ, Fang H. A dual RNA-seq analyses revealed dynamic arms race during the invasion of walnut by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:653. [PMID: 38987678 PMCID: PMC11234561 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Walnut anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides seriously endangers the yield and quality of walnut, and has now become a catastrophic disease in the walnut industry. Therefore, understanding both pathogen invasion mechanisms and host response processes is crucial to defense against C. gloeosporioides infection. RESULTS Here, we investigated the mechanisms of interaction between walnut fruits (anthracnose-resistant F26 fruit bracts and anthracnose-susceptible F423 fruit bracts) and C. gloeosporioides at three infection time points (24hpi, 48hpi, and 72hpi) using a high-resolution time series dual transcriptomic analysis, characterizing the arms race between walnut and C. gloeosporioides. A total of 20,780 and 6670 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in walnut and C. gloeosporioides against 24hpi, respectively. Generous DEGs in walnut exhibited opposite expression patterns between F26 and F423, which indicated that different resistant materials exhibited different transcriptional responses to C. gloeosporioides during the infection process. KEGG functional enrichment analysis indicated that F26 displayed a broader response to C. gloeosporioides than F423. Meanwhile, the functional analysis of the C. gloeosporioides transcriptome was conducted and found that PHI, SignalP, CAZy, TCDB genes, the Fungal Zn (2)-Cys (6) binuclear cluster domain (PF00172.19) and the Cytochrome P450 (PF00067.23) were largely prominent in F26 fruit. These results suggested that C. gloeosporioides secreted some type of effector proteins in walnut fruit and appeared a different behavior based on the developmental stage of the walnut. CONCLUSIONS Our present results shed light on the arms race process by which C. gloeosporioides attacked host and walnut against pathogen infection, laying the foundation for the green prevention of walnut anthracnose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Li
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuhui Dong
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
- Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream, Areas of the Yellow River, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Haiyi Yu
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fei Yang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Weichen Song
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Changxi Wang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jianning Liu
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qiang Liang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
- Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream, Areas of the Yellow River, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yicheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ke Qiang Yang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China.
- Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China.
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream, Areas of the Yellow River, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Hongcheng Fang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China.
- Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China.
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream, Areas of the Yellow River, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China.
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Kim DS, Li Y, Ahn HK, Woods-Tör A, Cevik V, Furzer OJ, Ma W, Tör M, Jones JDG. ATR2 C ala2 from Arabidopsis-infecting downy mildew requires 4 TIR-NLR immune receptors for full recognition. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:330-344. [PMID: 38742296 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Arabidopsis Col-0 RPP2A and RPP2B confer recognition of Arabidopsis downy mildew (Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis [Hpa]) isolate Cala2, but the identity of the recognized ATR2Cala2 effector was unknown. To reveal ATR2Cala2, an F2 population was generated from a cross between Hpa-Cala2 and Hpa-Noks1. We identified ATR2Cala2 as a non-canonical RxLR-type effector that carries a signal peptide, a dEER motif, and WY domains but no RxLR motif. Recognition of ATR2Cala2 and its effector function were verified by biolistic bombardment, ectopic expression and Hpa infection. ATR2Cala2 is recognized in accession Col-0 but not in Ler-0 in which RPP2A and RPP2B are absent. In ATR2Emoy2 and ATR2Noks1 alleles, a frameshift results in an early stop codon. RPP2A and RPP2B are essential for the recognition of ATR2Cala2. Stable and transient expression of ATR2Cala2 under 35S promoter in Arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana enhances disease susceptibility. Two additional Col-0 TIR-NLR (TNL) genes (RPP2C and RPP2D) adjacent to RPP2A and RPP2B are quantitatively required for full resistance to Hpa-Cala2. We compared RPP2 haplotypes in multiple Arabidopsis accessions and showed that all four genes are present in all ATR2Cala2-recognizing accessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Sung Kim
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Yufei Li
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Hee-Kyung Ahn
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Alison Woods-Tör
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK
| | - Volkan Cevik
- Department of Life Sciences, The Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Oliver J Furzer
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Wenbo Ma
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Mahmut Tör
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK
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Xu M, Sun X, Wu X, Qi Y, Li H, Nie J, Yang Z, Tian Z. Chloroplast protein StFC-II was manipulated by a Phytophthora effector to enhance host susceptibility. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae149. [PMID: 38994450 PMCID: PMC11237190 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Oomycete secretes a range of RxLR effectors into host cells to manipulate plant immunity by targeting proteins from several organelles. In this study, we report that chloroplast protein StFC-II is hijacked by a pathogen effector to enhance susceptibility. Phytophthora infestans RxLR effector Pi22922 is activated during the early stages of P. infestans colonization. Stable overexpression of Pi22922 in plants suppresses flg22-triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and enhances leaf colonization by P. infestans. A potato ferrochelatase 2 (FC-II, a nuclear-encoded chloroplast-targeted protein), a key enzyme for heme biosynthesis in chloroplast, was identified as a target of Pi22922 in the cytoplasm. The pathogenicity of Pi22922 in plants is partially dependent on FC-II. Overexpression of StFC-II decreases resistance of potato and Nicotiana benthamiana against P. infestans, and silencing of NbFC-II in N. benthamiana reduces P. infestans colonization. Overexpression of StFC-II increases heme content and reduces chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency in potato leaves. Moreover, ROS accumulation both in chloroplast and cytoplasm is attenuated and defense-related genes are down-regulated in StFC-II overexpression transgenic potato and N. benthamiana leaves. Pi22922 inhibits E3 ubiquitin ligase StCHIP-mediated StFC-II degradation in the cytoplasm and promotes its accumulation in chloroplasts. In summary, this study characterizes a new mechanism that an oomycete RxLR effector suppresses host defenses by promoting StFC-II accumulation in chloroplasts, thereby compromising the host immunity and promoting susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xinyuan Sun
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xinya Wu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yetong Qi
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongjun Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiahui Nie
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhu Yang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhendong Tian
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
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10
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Kuo CY, Tay RJ, Lin HC, Juan SC, Vidal-Diez de Ulzurrun G, Chang YC, Hoki J, Schroeder FC, Hsueh YP. The nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora detects prey pheromones via G protein-coupled receptors. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:1738-1751. [PMID: 38649409 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01679-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The ability to sense prey-derived cues is essential for predatory lifestyles. Under low-nutrient conditions, Arthrobotrys oligospora and other nematode-trapping fungi develop dedicated structures for nematode capture when exposed to nematode-derived cues, including a conserved family of pheromones, the ascarosides. A. oligospora senses ascarosides via conserved MAPK and cAMP-PKA pathways; however, the upstream receptors remain unknown. Here, using genomic, transcriptomic and functional analyses, we identified two families of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) involved in sensing distinct nematode-derived cues. GPCRs homologous to yeast glucose receptors are required for ascaroside sensing, whereas Pth11-like GPCRs contribute to ascaroside-independent nematode sensing. Both GPCR classes activate conserved cAMP-PKA signalling to trigger trap development. This work demonstrates that predatory fungi use multiple GPCRs to sense several distinct nematode-derived cues for prey recognition and to enable a switch to a predatory lifestyle. Identification of these receptors reveals the molecular mechanisms of cross-kingdom communication via conserved pheromones also sensed by plants and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yen Kuo
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rebecca J Tay
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Che Lin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chian Juan
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Chu Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jason Hoki
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Frank C Schroeder
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Yen-Ping Hsueh
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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11
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Feng Y, Yang X, Cai G, Wang S, Liu P, Li Y, Chen W, Li W. Identification and Characterization of High-Molecular-Weight Proteins Secreted by Plasmodiophora brassicae That Suppress Plant Immunity. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:462. [PMID: 39057347 PMCID: PMC11278463 DOI: 10.3390/jof10070462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasmodiophora brassicae is an obligate intracellular parasitic protist that causes clubroot disease on cruciferous plants. So far, some low-molecular-weight secreted proteins from P. brassicae have been reported to play an important role in plant immunity regulation, but there are few reports on its high-molecular-weight secreted proteins. In this study, 35 putative high-molecular-weight secreted proteins (>300 amino acids) of P. brassicae (PbHMWSP) genes that are highly expressed during the infection stage were identified using transcriptome analysis and bioinformatics prediction. Then, the secretory activity of 30 putative PbHMWSPs was confirmed using the yeast signal sequence trap system. Furthermore, the genes encoding 24 PbHMWSPs were successfully cloned and their functions in plant immunity were studied. The results showed that ten PbHMWSPs could inhibit flg22-induced reactive oxygen burst, and ten PbHMWSPs significantly inhibited the expression of the SA signaling pathway marker gene PR1a. In addition, nine PbHMWSPs could inhibit the expression of a marker gene of the JA signaling pathway. Therefore, a total of 19 of the 24 tested PbHMWSPs played roles in suppressing the immune response of plants. Of these, it is worth noting that PbHMWSP34 can inhibit the expression of JA, ET, and several SA signaling pathway marker genes. The present study is the first to report the function of the high-molecular-weight secreted proteins of P. brassicae in plant immunity, which will enrich the theory of interaction mechanisms between the pathogens and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqun Feng
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (Y.F.); (X.Y.); (S.W.); (P.L.); (Y.L.)
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xiaoyue Yang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (Y.F.); (X.Y.); (S.W.); (P.L.); (Y.L.)
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Gaolei Cai
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shiyan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shiyan 442000, China;
| | - Siting Wang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (Y.F.); (X.Y.); (S.W.); (P.L.); (Y.L.)
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Pingu Liu
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (Y.F.); (X.Y.); (S.W.); (P.L.); (Y.L.)
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Yan Li
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (Y.F.); (X.Y.); (S.W.); (P.L.); (Y.L.)
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Wang Chen
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (Y.F.); (X.Y.); (S.W.); (P.L.); (Y.L.)
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
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12
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Jin X, Jia H, Ran L, Wu F, Liu J, Schlaeppi K, Dini-Andreote F, Wei Z, Zhou X. Fusaric acid mediates the assembly of disease-suppressive rhizosphere microbiota via induced shifts in plant root exudates. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5125. [PMID: 38879580 PMCID: PMC11180119 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49218-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The plant health status is determined by the interplay of plant-pathogen-microbiota in the rhizosphere. Here, we investigate this tripartite system focusing on the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) and tomato plants as a model system. First, we explore differences in tomato genotype resistance to FOL potentially associated with the differential recruitment of plant-protective rhizosphere taxa. Second, we show the production of fusaric acid by FOL to trigger systemic changes in the rhizosphere microbiota. Specifically, we show this molecule to have opposite effects on the recruitment of rhizosphere disease-suppressive taxa in the resistant and susceptible genotypes. Last, we elucidate that FOL and fusaric acid induce changes in the tomato root exudation with direct effects on the recruitment of specific disease-suppressive taxa. Our study unravels a mechanism mediating plant rhizosphere assembly and disease suppression by integrating plant physiological responses to microbial-mediated mechanisms in the rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, China
| | - Huiting Jia
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, China
| | - Lingyi Ran
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, China
| | - Fengzhi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 150081, Harbin, China
| | - Klaus Schlaeppi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francisco Dini-Andreote
- Department of Plant Science & Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- The One Health Microbiome Center, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Zhong Wei
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Key Lab of Organic-based Fertilizers of China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xingang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, China.
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13
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Xu S, Wei X, Yang Q, Hu D, Zhang Y, Yuan X, Kang F, Wu Z, Yan Z, Luo X, Sun Y, Wang S, Feng Y, Xu Q, Zhang M, Yang Y. A KNOX Ⅱ transcription factor suppresses the NLR immune receptor BRG8-mediated immunity in rice. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024:101001. [PMID: 38863209 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.101001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding site and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins are activated by detecting pathogen effectors, which in turn trigger host defenses and cell death. Although many NLRs have been identified, the mechanisms responsible for NLR-triggered defense responses are still poorly understood. In this study, through a genome-wide association study approach, we identified a novel NLR gene, Blast Resistance Gene 8 (BRG8), which confers resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight diseases. BRG8 overexpression and complementation lines exhibit enhanced resistance to both pathogens. Subcellular localization assays showed that BRG8 is localized in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Additional evidence revealed that nuclear-localized BRG8 can enhance rice immunity without a hypersensitive response (HR)-like phenotype. We also demonstrated that the coiled-coil domain of BRG8 not only physically interacts with itself but also interacts with the KNOX Ⅱ protein HOMEOBOX ORYZA SATIVA59 (HOS59). Knockout mutants of HOS59 in the BRG8 background show enhanced resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae strain CH171 and Xoo strain CR4, similar to that of the BRG8 background. By contrast, overexpression of HOS59 in the BRG8 background will compromise the HR-like phenotype and resistance response. Further analysis revealed that HOS59 promotes the degradation of BRG8 via the 26S proteasome pathway. Collectively, our study highlights HOS59 as an NLR immune regulator that fine-tunes BRG8-mediated immune responses against pathogens, providing new insights into NLR associations and functions in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siliang Xu
- China National Center for Rice Improvement/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xinghua Wei
- China National Center for Rice Improvement/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Qinqin Yang
- China National Center for Rice Improvement/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Dongxiu Hu
- China National Center for Rice Improvement/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- China National Center for Rice Improvement/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiaoping Yuan
- China National Center for Rice Improvement/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Fengyu Kang
- China National Center for Rice Improvement/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhaozhong Wu
- China National Center for Rice Improvement/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhiqin Yan
- China National Center for Rice Improvement/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Xueqin Luo
- China National Center for Rice Improvement/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Yanfei Sun
- China National Center for Rice Improvement/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Shan Wang
- China National Center for Rice Improvement/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yue Feng
- China National Center for Rice Improvement/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Qun Xu
- China National Center for Rice Improvement/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Mengchen Zhang
- China National Center for Rice Improvement/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China.
| | - Yaolong Yang
- China National Center for Rice Improvement/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China.
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14
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Yan S, Li J, Zhang Q, Jia S, Zhang Q, Wang R, Ju M, Gu P. Transcriptional Response of Wolfberry to Infestation with the Endophytic Fusarium nematophilum Strain NQ8GII4. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:1514-1525. [PMID: 38050402 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-23-1397-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium nematophilum NQ8GII4 is an endophytic fungus isolated from the root of healthy wolfberry (Lycium barbarum). Previous studies have reported that NQ8GII4 could dwell in wolfberry roots and enhance the defense responses in wolfberry against root rot, which is caused by F. oxysporum. To further elucidate the molecular mechanism of wolfberry disease resistance induced by NQ8GII4, in the present study, we adopted RNA sequencing analysis to profile the transcriptome of wolfberry response to NQ8GII4 infestation over a time course of 3 and 7 days postinoculation. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in biological regulation, response to stimulus, signaling, detoxification, immune system process, transporter activity, electron carrier activity, transcription factor activity, nucleic acid binding transcription factor, and antioxidant activity. Through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis, it was found that many of these DEGs were enriched in pathways related to plant-pathogen interactions, hormone signal transduction, and the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway in wolfberry. This result suggested that innate immunity, phytohormone signaling, and numerous phenylpropanoid compounds comprise a complex defense network in wolfberry. Chloroplast 50S ribosomal proteins were consistently located at the core position of the response in wolfberry following infestation with NQ8GII4 analyzed by the protein-protein interaction network. This study elucidated the molecular mechanism underlying the interaction between NQ8GII4 and wolfberry, clarified the wolfberry immune response network to endophytic fungi infestation, identified candidate resistance genes in wolfberry, and provided a fundamental date for subsequent work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Yan
- College of Forestry and Prataculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Jin Li
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Qingchen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A
| | - Shuxin Jia
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Qiangqiang Zhang
- College of Forestry and Prataculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Ruotong Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Mingxiu Ju
- College of Forestry and Prataculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Peiwen Gu
- College of Forestry and Prataculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
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15
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Xiong J, Luo M, Chen Y, Hu Q, Fang Y, Sun T, Hu G, Zhang CJ. Subtilisin-like proteases from Fusarium graminearum induce plant cell death and contribute to virulence. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:1681-1693. [PMID: 38478507 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum, causes huge annual economic losses in cereal production. To successfully colonize host plants, pathogens secrete hundreds of effectors that interfere with plant immunity and facilitate infection. However, the roles of most secreted effectors of F. graminearum in pathogenesis remain unclear. We analyzed the secreted proteins of F. graminearum and identified 255 candidate effector proteins by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Five subtilisin-like family proteases (FgSLPs) were identified that can induce cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Further experiments showed that these FgSLPs induced cell death in cotton (Gossypium barbadense) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). A signal peptide and light were not essential for the cell death-inducing activity of FgSLPs. The I9 inhibitor domain and the entire C-terminus of FgSLPs were indispensable for their self-processing and cell death-inducing activity. FgSLP-induced cell death occurred independent of the plant signal transduction components BRI-ASSOCIATED KINASE 1 (BAK1), SUPPRESSOR OF BIR1 1 (SOBIR1), ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1), and PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 (PAD4). Reduced virulence was observed when FgSLP1 and FgSLP2 were simultaneously knocked out. This study reveals a class of secreted toxic proteins essential for F. graminearum virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Xiong
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Mingyu Luo
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Yunshen Chen
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Henan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Qianyong Hu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Ying Fang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tongjun Sun
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Guanjing Hu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Cui-Jun Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
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16
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Huang WRH, Braam C, Kretschmer C, Villanueva SL, Liu H, Ferik F, van der Burgh AM, Wu J, Zhang L, Nürnberger T, Wang Y, Seidl MF, Evangelisti E, Stuttmann J, Joosten MHAJ. Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases of different subfamilies differentially regulate SOBIR1/BAK1-mediated immune responses in Nicotiana benthamiana. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4339. [PMID: 38773116 PMCID: PMC11109355 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell-surface receptors form the front line of plant immunity. The leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-receptor-like kinases SOBIR1 and BAK1 are required for the functionality of the tomato LRR-receptor-like protein Cf-4, which detects the secreted effector Avr4 of the pathogenic fungus Fulvia fulva. Here, we show that the kinase domains of SOBIR1 and BAK1 directly phosphorylate each other and that residues Thr522 and Tyr469 of the kinase domain of Nicotiana benthamiana SOBIR1 are required for its kinase activity and for interacting with signalling partners, respectively. By knocking out multiple genes belonging to different receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase (RLCK)-VII subfamilies in N. benthamiana:Cf-4, we show that members of RLCK-VII-6, -7, and -8 differentially regulate the Avr4/Cf-4-triggered biphasic burst of reactive oxygen species. In addition, members of RLCK-VII-7 play an essential role in resistance against the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora palmivora. Our study provides molecular evidence for the specific roles of RLCKs downstream of SOBIR1/BAK1-containing immune complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen R H Huang
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.
| | - Ciska Braam
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carola Kretschmer
- Institute for Biology, Department of Plant Genetics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Sergio Landeo Villanueva
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Huan Liu
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Filiz Ferik
- Institute for Biology, Department of Plant Genetics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Aranka M van der Burgh
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Teaching and Learning Centre, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jinbin Wu
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lisha Zhang
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Nürnberger
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yulu Wang
- Laboratory of Biomanufacturing and Food Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Michael F Seidl
- Theoretical Biology & Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Edouard Evangelisti
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE UMR 1355, CNRS UMR 7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Johannes Stuttmann
- Institute for Biology, Department of Plant Genetics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Aix Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, LEMiRE (Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere), 13115, Saint‑Paul lez Durance, France
| | - Matthieu H A J Joosten
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Shen C, Lu Q, Yang D, Zhang X, Huang X, Li R, Que Z, Chen N. Genome-wide identification analysis in wild-type Solanum pinnatisectum reveals some genes defending against Phytophthora infestans. Front Genet 2024; 15:1379784. [PMID: 38812971 PMCID: PMC11134371 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1379784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Solanum pinnatisectum exhibits strong resistance to late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans but only an incomplete genome assembly based on short Illumina reads has been published. In this study, we generated the first chromosome-level draft genome for the wild-type potato species S. pinnatisectum in China using Oxford Nanopore technology sequencing and Hi-C technology. The high-quality assembled genome size is 664 Mb with a scaffold N50 value of 49.17 Mb, of which 65.87% was occupied by repetitive sequences, and predominant long terminal repeats (42.51% of the entire genome). The genome of S. pinnatisectum was predicted to contain 34,245 genes, of which 99.34% were functionally annotated. Moreover, 303 NBS-coding disease resistance (R) genes were predicted in the S. pinnatisectum genome to investigate the potential mechanisms of resistance to late blight disease. The high-quality chromosome-level reference genome of S. pinnatisectum is expected to provide potential valuable resources for intensively and effectively investigating molecular breeding and genetic research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiu Shen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Growth and Development Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Resources and Environment Sciences, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | - Qineng Lu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Growth and Development Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Resources and Environment Sciences, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | - Di Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Growth and Development Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Resources and Environment Sciences, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | | | | | - Rungen Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Growth and Development Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Resources and Environment Sciences, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | - Zhiqun Que
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Growth and Development Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Resources and Environment Sciences, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | - Na Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Growth and Development Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Resources and Environment Sciences, Yichun University, Yichun, China
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Hohenfeld CS, de Oliveira SAS, Ferreira CF, Mello VH, Margarido GRA, Passos AR, de Oliveira EJ. Comparative analysis of infected cassava root transcriptomics reveals candidate genes for root rot disease resistance. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10587. [PMID: 38719851 PMCID: PMC11078935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60847-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cassava root-rot incited by soil-borne pathogens is one of the major diseases that reduces root yield. Although the use of resistant cultivars is the most effective method of management, the genetic basis for root-rot resistance remains poorly understood. Therefore, our work analyzed the transcriptome of two contrasting genotypes (BRS Kiriris/resistant and BGM-1345/susceptible) using RNA-Seq to understand the molecular response and identify candidate genes for resistance. Cassava seedlings (resistant and susceptible to root-rot) were both planted in infested and sterilized soil and samples from Initial-time and Final-time periods, pooled. Two controls were used: (i) seedlings collected before planting in infested soil (absolute control) and, (ii) plants grown in sterilized soil (mock treatments). For the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis 23.912 were expressed in the resistant genotype, where 10.307 were differentially expressed in the control treatment, 15 DEGs in the Initial Time-period and 366 DEGs in the Final Time-period. Eighteen candidate genes from the resistant genotype were related to plant defense, such as the MLP-like protein 31 and the peroxidase A2-like gene. This is the first model of resistance at the transcriptional level proposed for the cassava × root-rot pathosystem. Gene validation will contribute to screening for resistance of germplasm, segregating populations and/or use in gene editing in the pursuit to develop most promising cassava clones with resistance to root-rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Santiago Hohenfeld
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Transnordestina, S/N - 44036-900, Novo Horizonte, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia Fortes Ferreira
- Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Rua da Embrapa, Caixa Postal 007, Cruz das Almas, BA, 44380-000, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Mello
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Rodrigues Alves Margarido
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Adriana Rodrigues Passos
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Transnordestina, S/N - 44036-900, Novo Horizonte, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | - Eder Jorge de Oliveira
- Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Rua da Embrapa, Caixa Postal 007, Cruz das Almas, BA, 44380-000, Brazil.
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Liu H, Li X, Yin Z, Hu J, Xie L, Wu H, Han S, Li B, Zhang H, Li C, Li L, Zhang F, Tan G. Identification and characterization of the CRK gene family in the wheat genome and analysis of their expression profile in response to high temperature-induced male sterility. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17370. [PMID: 38737737 PMCID: PMC11086307 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (CRKs) play many important roles during plant development, including defense responses under both biotic and abiotic stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, callose deposition and programmed cell death (PCD). However, there are few studies on the involvement of the CRK family in male sterility due to heat stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, a genome-wide characterization of the CRK family was performed to investigate the structural and functional attributes of the wheat CRKs in anther sterility caused by heat stress. A total of 95 CRK genes were unevenly distributed on 18 chromosomes, with the most genes distributed on chromosome 2B. Paralogous homologous genes with Ka/Ks ratios less than 1 may have undergone strong purifying selection during evolution and are more functionally conserved. The collinearity analysis results of CRK genes showed that wheat and Arabidopsis (A. thaliana), foxtail millet, Brachypodium distachyon (B. distachyon), and rice have three, 12, 15, and 11 pairs of orthologous genes, respectively. In addition, the results of the network interactions of genes and miRNAs showed that five miRNAs were in the hub of the interactions map, namely tae-miR9657b-5p, tae-miR9780, tae-miR9676-5p, tae-miR164, and tae-miR531. Furthermore, qRT-PCR validation of the six TaCRK genes showed that they play key roles in the development of the mononuclear stage anthers, as all six genes were expressed at highly significant levels in heat-stressed male sterile mononuclear stage anthers compared to normal anthers. We hypothesized that the TaCRK gene is significant in the process of high-temperature-induced sterility in wheat based on the combination of anther phenotypes, paraffin sections, and qRT-PCR data. These results improve our understanding of their relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhan Liu
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan Province, China
- Field Observation and Research Station of Green Agriculture in Dancheng County, Dancheng, Henan Province, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding and Cultivation in Henan Province, Zhoukou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan Province, China
| | - Zehui Yin
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan Province, China
| | - Junmin Hu
- Jiaozuo Seed Management Station, Jiaozuo, Henan Province, China
| | - Liuyong Xie
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan Province, China
| | - Huanhuan Wu
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan Province, China
| | - Shuying Han
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan Province, China
| | - Bing Li
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan Province, China
| | - Huifang Zhang
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan Province, China
| | - Chaoqiong Li
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan Province, China
| | - Lili Li
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan Province, China
- Field Observation and Research Station of Green Agriculture in Dancheng County, Dancheng, Henan Province, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding and Cultivation in Henan Province, Zhoukou, Henan Province, China
| | - Fuli Zhang
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan Province, China
- Field Observation and Research Station of Green Agriculture in Dancheng County, Dancheng, Henan Province, China
| | - Guangxuan Tan
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan Province, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding and Cultivation in Henan Province, Zhoukou, Henan Province, China
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20
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Yu S, Li S, Wang W, Tang D. OsCAMTA3 Negatively Regulates Disease Resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae by Associating with OsCAMTAPL in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5049. [PMID: 38732268 PMCID: PMC11084498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25095049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the most important staple foods worldwide. However, rice blast disease, caused by the ascomycete fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, seriously affects the yield and quality of rice. Calmodulin-binding transcriptional activators (CAMTAs) play vital roles in the response to biotic stresses. In this study, we showed that OsCAMTA3 and CAMTA PROTEIN LIKE (OsCAMTAPL), an OsCAMTA3 homolog that lacks the DNA-binding domain, functioned together in negatively regulating disease resistance in rice. OsCAMTA3 associated with OsCAMTAPL. The oscamta3 and oscamtapl mutants showed enhanced resistance compared to wild-type plants, and oscamta3/pl double mutants showed more robust resistance to M. oryzae than oscamta3 or oscamtapl. An RNA-Seq analysis revealed that 59 and 73 genes, respectively, were differentially expressed in wild-type plants and oscamta3 before and after inoculation with M. oryzae, including OsALDH2B1, an acetaldehyde dehydrogenase that negatively regulates plant immunity. OsCAMTA3 could directly bind to the promoter of OsALDH2B1, and OsALDH2B1 expression was decreased in oscamta3, oscamtapl, and oscamta3/pl mutants. In conclusion, OsCAMTA3 associates with OsCAMTAPL to regulate disease resistance by binding and activating the expression of OsALDH2B1 in rice, which reveals a strategy by which rice controls rice blast disease and provides important genes for resistance breeding holding a certain positive impact on ensuring food security.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Dingzhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.Y.); (S.L.)
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21
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Stotz HU, Ali AM, de Lope LR, Rafi MS, Mitrousia GK, Huang YJ, Fitt BDL. Leptosphaeria maculans isolates with variations in AvrLm1 and AvrLm4 effector genes induce differences in defence responses but not in resistance phenotypes in cultivars carrying the Rlm7 gene. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:2435-2442. [PMID: 36869585 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phoma stem canker pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans is one of the most widespread and devastating pathogens of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) in the world. Pathogen colonization is stopped by an interaction of a pathogen Avr effector gene with the corresponding host resistance (R) gene. While molecular mechanisms of this gene-for-gene interaction are being elucidated, understanding of effector function remains limited. The purpose of this study was to determine the action of L. maculans effector (AvrLm) genes on incompatible interactions triggered by B. napus noncorresponding R (Rlm) genes. Specifically, effects of AvrLm4-7 and AvrLm1 on Rlm7-mediated resistance were studied. RESULTS Although there was no major effect on symptom expression, induction of defence genes (e.g. PR1) and accumulation of reactive oxygen species was reduced when B. napus cv. Excel carrying Rlm7 was challenged with a L. maculans isolate containing AvrLm1 and a point mutation in AvrLm4-7 (AvrLm1, avrLm4-AvrLm7) compared to an isolate lacking AvrLm1 (avrLm1, AvrLm4-AvrLm7). AvrLm7-containing isolates, isogenic for presence or absence of AvrLm1, elicited similar symptoms on hosts with or without Rlm7, confirming results obtained with more genetically diverse isolates. CONCLUSION Careful phenotypic examination of isogenic L. maculans isolates and B. napus introgression lines demonstrated a lack of effect of AvrLm1 on Rlm7-mediated resistance despite an apparent alteration of the Rlm7-dependent defence response using more diverse fungal isolates with differences in AvrLm1 and AvrLm4. As deployment of Rlm7 resistance in crop cultivars increases, other effectors need to be monitored because they may alter the predominance of AvrLm7. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Uwe Stotz
- Centre for Agriculture, Food and Environmental Management, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Ajisa Muthayil Ali
- Centre for Agriculture, Food and Environmental Management, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Lucia Robado de Lope
- Centre for Agriculture, Food and Environmental Management, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Mohammed Sajid Rafi
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, PO Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Yong-Ju Huang
- Centre for Agriculture, Food and Environmental Management, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Bruce David Ledger Fitt
- Centre for Agriculture, Food and Environmental Management, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
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22
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Sadeghi M, Divangahi M. Discovering adaptive features of innate immune memory. Immunol Rev 2024; 323:186-196. [PMID: 38563500 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Conventionally, it was thought that innate immunity operated through a simple system of nonspecific responses to an insult. However, this perspective now seems overly simplistic. It has become evident that intricate cooperation and networking among various cells, receptors, signaling pathways, and protein complexes are essential for regulating and defining the overall activation status of the immune response, where the distinction between innate and adaptive immunity becomes ambiguous. Given the evolutionary timeline of vertebrates and the success of plants and invertebrates which depend solely on innate immunity, immune memory cannot be considered an innovation of only the lymphoid lineage. Indeed, the evolutionary innate immune memory program is a conserved mechanism whereby innate immune cells can induce a heightened response to a secondary stimulus due to metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming. Importantly, the longevity of this memory phenotype can be attributed to the reprogramming of self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow, which is subsequently transmitted to lineage-committed innate immune cells. HSCs reside within a complex regulated network of immune and stromal cells that govern their two primary functions: self-renewal and differentiation. In this review, we delve into the emerging cellular and molecular mechanisms as well as metabolic pathways of innate memory in HSCs, which harbor substantial therapeutic promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Sadeghi
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maziar Divangahi
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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23
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Balakrishnan K, Krishnaa D, Balakrishnan G, Manickam M, Abdulkader AM, Dharumadurai D. Association of Bacterial Communities with Psychedelic Mushroom and Soil as Revealed in 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:2566-2590. [PMID: 37103739 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04527-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Microbial communities' resident in the mushroom fruiting body and the soil around it play critical roles in the growth and propagation of the mushroom. Among the microbial communities associated with psychedelic mushrooms and the rhizosphere soil, bacterial communities are considered vital since their presence greatly influences the health of the mushrooms. The present study aimed at finding the microbiota present in the psychedelic mushroom Psilocybe cubensis and the soil the mushroom inhabits. The study was conducted at two different locations in Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India. The composition and structure of microbial communities in the mushroom fruiting body and the soil were deciphered. The genomes of the microbial communities were directly assessed. High-throughput amplicon sequencing revealed distinct microbial diversity in the mushroom and the related soil. The interaction of environmental and anthropogenic factors appeared to have a significant impact on the mushroom and soil microbiome. The most abundant bacterial genera were Ochrobactrum, Stenotrophomonas, Achromobacter, and Brevundimonas. Thus, the study advances the knowledge of the composition of the microbiome and microbial ecology of a psychedelic mushroom, and paves the way for in-depth investigation of the influence of microbiota on the mushroom, with special emphasis on the impact of bacterial communities on mushroom growth. Further studies are required for a deeper understanding of the microbial communities that influence the growth of P. cubensis mushroom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthiyayini Balakrishnan
- Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
- National Centre for alternatives to Animal Experiments, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dheebhashriee Krishnaa
- Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gowdhami Balakrishnan
- National Centre for alternatives to Animal Experiments, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muthuselvam Manickam
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Akbarsha Mohammad Abdulkader
- Mahatma Gandhi-Dorenkamp Centre, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Biotechnology & Research Coordinator, National College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
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24
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Li W, Wang M, Liu Y, Zhan Q, Jing R, Song A, Zhao S, Wang L, Jiang J, Chen S, Chen F, Guan Z. A pattern for the early, middle, and late phase of tea chrysanthemum response to Fusarium oxysporum. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14373. [PMID: 38894555 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Chrysanthemum morifolium is cultivated worldwide and has high ornamental, tea, and medicinal value. With the increasing area of chrysanthemum cultivation and years of continuous cropping, Fusarium wilt disease frequently occurs in various production areas, seriously affecting the quality and yield and causing huge economic losses. However, the molecular response mechanism of Fusarium wilt infection remains unclear, which limits the molecular breeding process for disease resistance in chrysanthemums. In the present study, we analyzed the molecular response mechanisms of 'Huangju,' one of the tea chrysanthemum cultivars severely infested with Fusarium wilt in the field at the early, middle, and late phases of F. oxysporum infestation. 'Huangju' responded to the infestation mainly through galactose metabolism, plant-pathogen interaction, auxin, abscisic acid, and ethylene signalling in the early phase; galactose metabolism, plant-pathogen interaction, auxin, salicylic acid signal, and certain transcription factors (e.g., CmWRKY48) in the middle phase; and galactose metabolism in the late phase. Notably, the galactose metabolism was important in the early, middle, and late phases of 'Huangju' response to F. oxysporum. Meanwhile, the phytohormone auxin was involved in the early and middle responses. Furthermore, silencing of CmWRKY48 in 'Huangju' resulted in resistance to F. oxysporum. Our results revealed a new molecular pattern for chrysanthemum in response to Fusarium wilt in the early, middle, and late phases, providing a foundation for the molecular breeding of chrysanthemum for disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingling Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruyue Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aiping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Likai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sumei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fadi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Cui J, Sa E, Wei J, Fang Y, Zheng G, Wang Y, Wang X, Gong Y, Wu Z, Yao P, Liu Z. The Truncated Peptide AtPEP1 (9-23) Has the Same Function as AtPEP1 (1-23) in Inhibiting Primary Root Growth and Triggering of ROS Burst. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:549. [PMID: 38790654 PMCID: PMC11117541 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, the widely used active form of plant elicitor peptide 1 (PEP1) from Arabidopsis thaliana is composed of 23 amino acids, hereafter AtPEP1(1-23), serving as an immune elicitor. The relatively less conserved N-terminal region in AtPEP family indicates that the amino acids in this region may be unrelated to the function and activity of AtPEP peptides. Consequently, we conducted an investigation to determine the necessity of the nonconserved amino acids in AtPEP1(1-23) peptide for its functional properties. By assessing the primary root growth and the burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS), we discovered that the first eight N-terminal amino acids of AtPEP1(1-23) are not crucial for its functionality, whereas the conserved C-terminal aspartic acid plays a significant role in its functionality. In this study, we identified a truncated peptide, AtPEP1(9-23), which exhibits comparable activity to AtPEP1(1-23) in inhibiting primary root growth and inducing ROS burst. Additionally, the truncated peptide AtPEP1(13-23) shows similar ability to induce ROS burst as AtPEP1(1-23), but its inhibitory effect on primary roots is significantly reduced. These findings are significant as they provide a novel approach to explore and understand the functionality of the AtPEP1(1-23) peptide. Moreover, exogenous application of AtPEP1(13-23) may enhance plant resistance to pathogens without affecting their growth and development. Therefore, AtPEP1(13-23) holds promise for development as a potentially applicable biopesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.C.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (Y.F.); (G.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (P.Y.)
| | - Ermei Sa
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.C.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (Y.F.); (G.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (P.Y.)
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jiaping Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.C.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (Y.F.); (G.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (P.Y.)
| | - Yan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.C.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (Y.F.); (G.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (P.Y.)
| | - Guoqiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.C.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (Y.F.); (G.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (P.Y.)
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.C.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (Y.F.); (G.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (P.Y.)
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.C.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (Y.F.); (G.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (P.Y.)
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yongjie Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.C.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (Y.F.); (G.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (P.Y.)
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zefeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.C.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (Y.F.); (G.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (P.Y.)
| | - Panfeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.C.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (Y.F.); (G.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (P.Y.)
| | - Zigang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (J.C.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (Y.F.); (G.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.W.); (Y.G.); (Z.W.); (P.Y.)
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Jones JDG, Staskawicz BJ, Dangl JL. The plant immune system: From discovery to deployment. Cell 2024; 187:2095-2116. [PMID: 38670067 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Plant diseases cause famines, drive human migration, and present challenges to agricultural sustainability as pathogen ranges shift under climate change. Plant breeders discovered Mendelian genetic loci conferring disease resistance to specific pathogen isolates over 100 years ago. Subsequent breeding for disease resistance underpins modern agriculture and, along with the emergence and focus on model plants for genetics and genomics research, has provided rich resources for molecular biological exploration over the last 50 years. These studies led to the identification of extracellular and intracellular receptors that convert recognition of extracellular microbe-encoded molecular patterns or intracellular pathogen-delivered virulence effectors into defense activation. These receptor systems, and downstream responses, define plant immune systems that have evolved since the migration of plants to land ∼500 million years ago. Our current understanding of plant immune systems provides the platform for development of rational resistance enhancement to control the many diseases that continue to plague crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D G Jones
- Sainsbury Lab, University of East Anglia, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
| | - Brian J Staskawicz
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jeffery L Dangl
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Yan F, Ma J, Peng M, Xi C, Chang S, Yang Y, Tian S, Zhou B, Liu T. Lactic acid induced defense responses in tobacco against Phytophthora nicotianae. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9338. [PMID: 38654120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60037-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Induced resistance is considered an eco-friendly disease control strategy, which can enhance plant disease resistance by inducing the plant's immune system to activate the defense response. In recent years, studies have shown that lactic acid can play a role in plant defense against biological stress; however, whether lactic acid can improve tobacco resistance to Phytophthora nicotianae, and its molecular mechanism remains unclear. In our study, the mycelial growth and sporangium production of P. nicotianae were inhibited by lactic acid in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Application of lactic acid could reduce the disease index, and the contents of total phenol, salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), lignin and H2O2, catalase (CAT) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activities were significantly increased. To explore this lactic acid-induced protective mechanism for tobacco disease resistance, RNA-Seq analysis was used. Lactic acid enhances tobacco disease resistance by activating Ca2+, reactive oxygen species (ROS) signal transduction, regulating antioxidant enzymes, SA, JA, abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) signaling pathways, and up-regulating flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes. This study demonstrated that lactic acid might play a role in inducing resistance to tobacco black shank disease; the mechanism by which lactic acid induces disease resistance includes direct antifungal activity and inducing the host to produce direct and primed defenses. In conclusion, this study provided a theoretical basis for lactic acid-induced resistance and a new perspective for preventing and treating tobacco black shank disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yan
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center On Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Junchi Ma
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center On Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Manjiang Peng
- Tobacco Quality Inspection, Department of Raw Material, Hongyun Honghe Tobacco Group, Kunming, 650051, Yunnan, China
| | - Congfang Xi
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Sheng Chang
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd. Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd. Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Suohui Tian
- No. 10 Middle School, Guangnan County, Wenshan Prefecture, Wenshan, 663300, Yunnan, China.
| | - Bo Zhou
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd. Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center On Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
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Yu Z, Fredua-Agyeman R, Strelkov SE, Hwang SF. RNA-Seq Bulked Segregant Analysis of an Exotic B. napus ssp. napobrassica (Rutabaga) F 2 Population Reveals Novel QTLs for Breeding Clubroot-Resistant Canola. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4596. [PMID: 38731814 PMCID: PMC11083300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, a rutabaga (Brassica napus ssp. napobrassica) donor parent FGRA106, which exhibited broad-spectrum resistance to 17 isolates representing 16 pathotypes of Plasmodiophora brassicae, was used in genetic crosses with the susceptible spring-type canola (B. napus ssp. napus) accession FG769. The F2 plants derived from a clubroot-resistant F1 plant were screened against three P. brassicae isolates representing pathotypes 3A, 3D, and 3H. Chi-square (χ2) goodness-of-fit tests indicated that the F2 plants inherited two major clubroot resistance genes from the CR donor FGRA106. The total RNA from plants resistant (R) and susceptible (S) to each pathotype were pooled and subjected to bulked segregant RNA-sequencing (BSR-Seq). The analysis of gene expression profiles identified 431, 67, and 98 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the R and S bulks. The variant calling method indicated a total of 12 (7 major + 5 minor) QTLs across seven chromosomes. The seven major QTLs included: BnaA5P3A.CRX1.1, BnaC1P3H.CRX1.2, and BnaC7P3A.CRX1.1 on chromosomes A05, C01, and C07, respectively; and BnaA8P3D.CRX1.1, BnaA8P3D.RCr91.2/BnaA8P3H.RCr91.2, BnaA8P3H.Crr11.3/BnaA8P3D.Crr11.3, and BnaA8P3D.qBrCR381.4 on chromosome A08. A total of 16 of the DEGs were located in the major QTL regions, 13 of which were on chromosome C07. The molecular data suggested that clubroot resistance in FGRA106 may be controlled by major and minor genes on both the A and C genomes, which are deployed in different combinations to confer resistance to the different isolates. This study provides valuable germplasm for the breeding of clubroot-resistant B. napus cultivars in Western Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rudolph Fredua-Agyeman
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (Z.Y.); (S.-F.H.)
| | - Stephen E. Strelkov
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (Z.Y.); (S.-F.H.)
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Tu T, Ren Y, Gong W, Huang J, Zhu C, Salah M, Zhao L, Xia X, Wang Y. Endoglucanase H from Aspergillus westerdijkiae Plays an Important Role in the Virulence on Pear Fruits. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:8415-8422. [PMID: 38573226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Aspergillus westerdijkiae can infect many agricultural products including cereals, grapes, and pear. Pathogenic fungi secrete diverse effectors as invasive weapons for successful invasion the host plant. During the pathogen-host interaction, 4486 differentially expressed genes were observed in A. westerdijkiae with 2773 up-regulated and 1713 down-regulated, whereas 8456 differentially expressed genes were detected in pear fruits with 4777 up-regulated and 3679 down-regulated. A total of 309 effector candidate genes were identified from the up-regulated genes in A. westerdijkiae. Endoglucanase H (AwEGH) was significantly induced during the pathogen-host interaction. Deletion of AwEGH resulted in altered fungal growth and morphology and reduced conidia production and germination compared to the wild-type. Further experiments demonstrated that AwEGH plays a role in cell wall integrity. Importantly, disruption of AwEGH significantly reduced the fungal virulence on pear fruits, and this defect can be partly explained by the impaired ability of A. westerdijkiae to penetrate host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Tu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yun Ren
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Weifeng Gong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Juanying Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Chenyang Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mahmoud Salah
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Department of Environmental Agricultural Science, Faculty of Graduate Studies and Environmental Research, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Luning Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Xia
- Center of Analysis, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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30
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Katagiri F. An averaging model for analysis and interpretation of high-order genetic interactions. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299525. [PMID: 38598526 PMCID: PMC11006166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
While combinatorial genetic data collection from biological systems in which quantitative phenotypes are controlled by active and inactive alleles of multiple genes (multi-gene systems) is becoming common, a standard analysis method for such data has not been established. The currently common approaches have three major drawbacks. First, although it is a long tradition in genetics, modeling the effect of an inactive allele (a null mutant allele) contrasted against that of the active allele (the wild-type allele) is not suitable for mechanistic understanding of multi-gene systems. Second, a commonly-used additive model (ANOVA with interaction) mathematically fails in estimation of interactions among more than two genes when the phenotypic response is not linear. Third, interpretation of higher-order interactions defined by an additive model is not intuitive. I derived an averaging model based on algebraic principles to solve all these problems within the framework of a general linear model. In the averaging model: the effect of the active allele is contrasted against the effect of the inactive allele for easier mechanistic interpretations; there is mathematical stability in estimation of higher-order interactions even when the phenotypic response is not linear; and interpretations of higher-order interactions are intuitive and consistent-interactions are defined as the mean effects of the last active genes added to the system. Thus, the key outcomes of this study are development of the averaging model, which is suitable for analysis of multi-gene systems, and a new, intuitive, and mathematically and interpretationally consistent definition of a genetic interaction, which is central to the averaging model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Katagiri
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States of America
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31
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Xu Z, Qu M, Shi C, Zhang H, Chen W, Qian H, Zhang Z, Qiu J, Qian Q, Shang L. The MRE11-ATM-SOG1 DNA damage signaling pathway confers rice immunity to Xanthomonas oryzae. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100789. [PMID: 38160258 PMCID: PMC11009159 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Plants are constantly exposed to microbial pathogens in the environment. One branch of innate plant immunity is mediated by cell-membrane-localized receptors, but less is known about associations between DNA damage and plant immune responses. Here, we show that rice (Oryza sativa) mesophyll cells are prone to DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) in response to ZJ173, a strain of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). The DSB signal transducer ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), but not the ATM and Rad3-related branch, confers resistance against Xoo. Mechanistically, the MRE11-ATM module phosphorylates suppressor of gamma response 1 (SOG1), which activates several phenylpropanoid pathway genes and prompts downstream phytoalexin biosynthesis during Xoo infection. Intriguingly, overexpression of the topoisomerase gene TOP6A3 causes a switch from the classic non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway to the alternative NHEJ and homologous recombination pathways at Xoo-induced DSBs. The enhanced ATM signaling of the alternative NHEJ pathway strengthens the SOG1-regulated phenylpropanoid pathway and thereby boosts Xoo-induced phytoalexin biosynthesis in TOP6A3-OE1 overexpression lines. Overall, the MRE11-ATM-SOG1 pathway serves as a prime example of plant-pathogen interactions that occur via host non-specific recognition. The function of TOP6-facilitated ATM signaling in the defense response makes it a promising target for breeding of rice germplasm that exhibits resistance to bacterial blight disease without a growth penalty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Xu
- Guangzhou City Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding, Guangzhou 510000, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China.
| | - Mingnan Qu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chuanlin Shi
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Wu Chen
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Hongge Qian
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Jiehua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Qian Qian
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China; State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; Yazhouwan National Laboratory, No. 8 Huanjin Road, Yazhou District, Sanya City, Hainan Province 572024, China.
| | - Lianguang Shang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China; Yazhouwan National Laboratory, No. 8 Huanjin Road, Yazhou District, Sanya City, Hainan Province 572024, China.
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Luo Y, Wang L, Zhu J, Tian J, You L, Luo Q, Li J, Yao Q, Duan D. The grapevine miR827a regulates the synthesis of stilbenes by targeting VqMYB14 and gives rise to susceptibility in plant immunity. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:95. [PMID: 38582777 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04599-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is an economically important fruit crop cultivated worldwide. In China, grapevine cultivation is very extensive, and a few Vitis grapes have excellent pathogen and stress resistance, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the grapevine response to stress remain unclear. In this study, a microRNA (miRNA; miR827a), which negatively regulates its target gene VqMYB14, a key regulatory role in the synthesis of stilbenes, was identified in Vitis quinquangularis (V. quinquangularis) using transcriptome sequencing. Using overexpression and silencing approaches, we found that miR827a regulates the synthesis of stilbenes by targeting VqMYB14. We used flagellin N-terminal 22-amino-acid peptide (flg22), the representative elicitor in plant basal immunity, as the elicitor to verify whether miR827a is involved in the basal immunity of V. quinquangularis. Furthermore, the promoter activity of miR827a was alleviated in transgenic grape protoplasts and Arabidopsis thaliana following treatment with flg22 and Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000), respectively. In addition, yeast one-hybrid and dual luciferase reporter assay revealed that the ethylene transcription factor VqERF057 acted as a key regulator in the inhibition of miR827a transcription. These results will contribute to the understanding of the biological functions of miR827a in grapevine and clarify the molecular mechanism of the interaction between miR827a and VqMYB14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingwen Tian
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin You
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Yao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dong Duan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China.
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Dong Y, Wei Z, Zhang W, Li J, Han M, Bai H, Li H, Shi L. LaMYC7, a positive regulator of linalool and caryophyllene biosynthesis, confers plant resistance to Pseudomonas syringae. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae044. [PMID: 38623075 PMCID: PMC11017519 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Linalool and caryophyllene are the main monoterpene and sesquiterpene compounds in lavender; however, the genes regulating their biosynthesis still remain many unknowns. Here, we identified LaMYC7, a positive regulator of linalool and caryophyllene biosynthesis, confers plant resistance to Pseudomonas syringae. LaMYC7 was highly expressed in glandular trichomes, and LaMYC7 overexpression could significantly increase the linalool and caryophyllene contents and reduce susceptibility to P. syringae in Nicotiana. In addition, the linalool possessed antimicrobial activity against P. syringae growth and acted dose-dependently. Further analysis demonstrated that LaMYC7 directly bound to the promoter region of LaTPS76, which encodes the terpene synthase (TPS) for caryophyllene biosynthesis, and that LaTPS76 was highly expressed in glandular trichomes. Notably, the LaMYC7 promoter contained hormone and stress-responsive regulatory elements and responded to various treatments, including ultraviolet, low temperature, salt, drought, methyl jasmonate, and P. syringae infection treatments. Under these treatments, the changes in the linalool and caryophyllene contents were similar to those in LaMYC7 transcript abundance. Based on the results, LaMYC7 could respond to P. syringae infection in addition to being involved in linalool and caryophyllene biosynthesis. Thus, the MYC transcription factor gene LaMYC7 can be used in the breeding of high-yielding linalool and caryophyllene lavender varieties with pathogen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Ziling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingrui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Meixian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongtong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
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Oh EJ, Hwang IS, Kwon CT, Oh CS. A Putative Apoplastic Effector of Clavibacter capsici, ChpG Cc as Hypersensitive Response and Virulence (Hrv) Protein in Plants. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2024; 37:370-379. [PMID: 38148291 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-23-0145-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Clavibacter bacteria use secreted apoplastic effectors, such as putative serine proteases, for virulence in host plants and for hypersensitive response (HR) induction in nonhost plants. Previously, we have shown that Clavibacter capsici ChpGCc is important for the necrosis development in pepper (Capsicum annuum) leaves. Here, we determine the function of ChpGCc, along with three paralogous proteins, for HR induction in the apoplastic space of a nonhost plant, Nicotiana tabacum. The full-length and signal peptide-deleted (ΔSP) mature forms of all proteins fused with the tobacco PR1b signal sequence were generated. The full-length and ΔSP forms of ChpGCc and only the ΔSP forms of ChpECc and Pat-1Cc, but none of the ChpCCc, triggered HR. Based on the predicted protein structures, ChpGCc carries amino acids for a catalytic triad and a disulfide bridge in positions like Pat-1Cm. Substituting these amino acids of ChpGCc with alanine abolished or reduced HR-inducing activity. To determine whether these residues are important for necrosis development in pepper, alanine-substituted chpGCc genes were transformed into the C. capsici PF008ΔpCM1 strain, which lacks the intact chpGCc gene. The strain with any variants failed to restore the necrosis-causing ability. These results suggest that ChpGCc has a dual function as a virulence factor in host plants and an HR elicitor in nonhost plants. Based on our findings and previous results, we propose Clavibacter apoplastic effectors, such as ChpGCc, Pat-1Cm, Chp-7Cs, and ChpGCm, as hypersensitive response and virulence (Hrv) proteins that display phenotypic similarities to the hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (Hrp) proteins found in gram-negative bacteria. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eom-Ji Oh
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - In Sun Hwang
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Choon-Tak Kwon
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Chang-Sik Oh
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Jiao W, Li M, Lei T, Liu X, Zhang J, Hu J, Zhang X, Liu J, Shi S, Pan H, Zhang Y. The APSES Transcription Factor SsStuA Regulating Cell Wall Integrity Is Essential for Sclerotia Formation and Pathogenicity in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:238. [PMID: 38667909 PMCID: PMC11051248 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
APSES (Asm1p, Phd1p, Sok2p, Efg1p, and StuAp) family transcription factors play crucial roles in various biological processes of fungi, however, their functional characterization in phytopathogenic fungi is limited. In this study, we explored the role of SsStuA, a typical APSES transcription factor, in the regulation of cell wall integrity (CWI), sclerotia formation and pathogenicity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which is a globally important plant pathogenic fungus. A deficiency of SsStuA led to abnormal phosphorylation level of SsSmk3, the key gene SsAGM1 for UDP-GlcNAc synthesis was unable to respond to cell wall stress, and decreased tolerance to tebuconazole. In addition, ΔSsStuA was unable to form sclerotia but produced more compound appressoria. Nevertheless, the virulence of ΔSsStuA was significantly reduced due to the deficiency of the invasive hyphal growth and increased susceptibility to hydrogen peroxide. We also revealed that SsStuA could bind to the promoter of catalase family genes which regulate the expression of catalase genes. Furthermore, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation was found to be increased in ΔSsStuA. In summary, SsStuA, as a core transcription factor involved in the CWI pathway and ROS response, is required for vegetative growth, sclerotia formation, fungicide tolerance and the full virulence of S. sclerotiorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Jiao
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Maoxiang Li
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Tianyi Lei
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Shandong Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve Management Committee, Scientific Research Center, Dongying 257091, China
| | - Junting Zhang
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jun Hu
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xianghui Zhang
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jinliang Liu
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Shusen Shi
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hongyu Pan
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
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Wang L, Bian L, Shi Q, Li X, Sun Y, Li M, Zhao A, Peng X, Yu Y. The Vitis yeshanensis U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase VyPUB21 enhances resistance to powdery mildew by targeting degradation of NIM1-interacting (NIMIN) protein. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:93. [PMID: 38467927 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE VyPUB21 plays a key role during the defense against powdery mildew in grapes. Ubiquitin-ligating enzyme (E3), a type of protein widely found in plants, plays a key role in their resistance to disease. Yet how E3 participates in the disease-resistant response of Chinese wild grapevine (Vitis yeshanensis) remains unclear. Here we isolated and identified a U-box type E3 ubiquitin ligase, VyPUB21, from V. yeshanensis. This gene's expression level rose rapidly after induction by exogenous salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ETH) and powdery mildew. In vitro ubiquitination assay results revealed VyPUB21 could produce ubiquitination bands after co-incubation with ubiquitin, ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1), and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2); further, mutation of the conserved amino acid site in the U-box can inhibit the ubiquitination. Transgenic VyPUB21 Arabidopsis had low susceptibility to powdery mildew, and significantly fewer conidiophores and spores on its leaves. Expression levels of disease resistance-related genes were also augmented in transgenic Arabidopsis, and its SA concentration also significantly increased. VyPUB21 interacts with VyNIMIN and targets VyNIMIN protein hydrolysis through the 26S proteasome system. Thus, the repressive effect of the NIMIN-NPR complex on the late systemic acquired resistance (SAR) gene was attenuated, resulting in enhanced resistance to powdery mildew. These results indicate that VyPUB21 encoding ubiquitin ligase U-box E3 activates the SA signaling pathway, and VyPUB21 promotes the expression of late SAR gene by degrading the important protein VyNIMIN of SA signaling pathway, thus enhancing grape resistance to powdery mildew.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province, 471023, China
| | - Lu Bian
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province, 471023, China
| | - Qiaofang Shi
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province, 471023, China
| | - Xufei Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province, 471023, China
| | - Yadan Sun
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province, 471023, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province, 471023, China
| | - Anqi Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province, 471023, China
| | - Xingyuan Peng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province, 471023, China
| | - Yihe Yu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province, 471023, China.
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Zhao Q, Bao J, Li H, Hu W, Kong Y, Zhong Y, Fu Q, Xu G, Liu F, Jiao X, Jin J, Ming Z. Structural and biochemical basis of FLS2-mediated signal activation and transduction in rice. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100785. [PMID: 38158656 PMCID: PMC10943584 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The receptor-like kinase FLAGELLIN-SENSITIVE 2 (FLS2) functions as a bacterial flagellin receptor localized on the cell membrane of plants. In Arabidopsis, the co-receptor BRI1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE 1 (BAK1) cooperates with FLS2 to detect the flagellin epitope flg22, resulting in formation of a signaling complex that triggers plant defense responses. However, the co-receptor responsible for recognizing and signaling the flg22 epitope in rice remains to be determined, and the precise structural mechanism underlying FLS2-mediated signal activation and transduction has not been clarified. This study presents the structural characterization of a kinase-dead mutant of the intracellular kinase domain of OsFLS2 (OsFLS2-KDD1013A) in complex with ATP or ADP, resolved at resolutions of 1.98 Å and 2.09 Å, respectively. Structural analysis revealed that OsFLS2 can adopt an active conformation in the absence of phosphorylation, although it exhibits only weak basal catalytic activity for autophosphorylation. Subsequent investigations demonstrated that OsSERK2 effectively phosphorylates OsFLS2, which reciprocally phosphorylates OsSERK2, leading to complete activation of OsSERK2 and rapid phosphorylation of the downstream substrate receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases OsRLCK176 and OsRLCK185. Through mass spectrometry experiments, we successfully identified critical autophosphorylation sites on OsSERK2, as well as sites transphosphorylated by OsFLS2. Furthermore, we demonstrated the interaction between OsSERK2 and OsFLS2, which is enhanced in the presence of flg22. Genetic evidence suggests that OsRLCK176 and OsRLCK185 may function downstream of the OsFLS2-mediated signaling pathway. Our study reveals the molecular mechanism by which OsFLS2 mediates signal transduction pathways in rice and provides a valuable example for understanding RLK-mediated signaling pathways in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P.R. China
| | - Jinlin Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P.R. China
| | - Huailong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P.R. China
| | - Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P.R. China
| | - Yanqiong Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P.R. China
| | - Yifeng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P.R. China
| | - Guolyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P.R. China
| | - Fenmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P.R. China
| | - Xi Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P.R. China
| | - Jian Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P.R. China.
| | - Zhenhua Ming
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P.R. China.
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Liu C, Wang Y, Du Y, Kang Z, Guo J, Guo J. Glycine-serine-rich effector PstGSRE4 in Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici targets and stabilizes TaGAPDH2 that promotes stripe rust disease. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:947-960. [PMID: 38105492 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) secretes effector proteins that enter plant cells and manipulate host processes. In a previous study, we identified a glycine-serine-rich effector PstGSRE4, which was proven to regulate the reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathway by interacting with TaCZSOD2. In this study, we further demonstrated that PstGSRE4 interacts with wheat glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase TaGAPDH2, which is related to ROS signalling. In wheat, silencing of TaGAPDH2 by virus-induced gene silencing increased the accumulation of ROS induced by the Pst virulent race CYR31. Overexpression of TaGAPDH2 decreased the accumulation of ROS induced by the avirulent Pst race CYR23. In addition, TaGAPDH2 suppressed Pst candidate elicitor Pst322-triggered cell death by decreasing ROS accumulation in Nicotiana benthamiana. Knocking down TaGAPDH2 expression attenuated Pst infection, whereas overexpression of TaGAPDH2 promoted Pst infection, indicating that TaGAPDH2 is a negative regulator of plant defence. In N. benthamiana, PstGSRE4 stabilized TaGAPDH2 through inhibition of the 26S proteasome-mediated destabilization. Overall, these results suggest that TaGAPDH2 is hijacked by the Pst effector as a negative regulator of plant immunity to promote Pst infection in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Liang J, Lu L, Zhou H, Fang J, Zhao Y, Hou H, Chen L, Cao C, Yang D, Diao Z, Tang D, Li S. Receptor-like kinases OsRLK902-1 and OsRLK902-2 form immune complexes with OsRLCK185 to regulate rice blast resistance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1565-1579. [PMID: 37976240 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) are major regulators of the plant immune response and play important roles in the perception and transmission of immune signals. RECEPTOR LIKE KINASE 902 (RLK902) is at the key node in leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase interaction networks and positively regulates resistance to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis. However, the function of RLK902 in fungal disease resistance remains obscure. In this study, we found that the expression levels of OsRLK902-1 and OsRLK902-2, encoding two orthologues of RLK902 in rice, were induced by Magnaporthe oryzae, chitin, and flg22 treatment. osrlk902-1 and osrlk902-2 knockout mutants displayed enhanced susceptibility to M. oryzae. Interestingly, the osrlk902-1 rlk902-2 double mutant exhibited similar disease susceptibility, hydrogen peroxide production, and callose deposition to the two single mutants. Further investigation showed that OsRLK902-1 interacts with and stabilizes OsRLK902-2. The two OsRLKs form a complex with OsRLCK185, a key regulator in chitin-triggered immunity, and stabilize it. Taken together, our data demonstrate that OsRLK902-1 and OsRLK902-2, as well as OsRLCK185 function together in regulating disease resistance to M. oryzae in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ling Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Houli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jianbo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yaofei Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Hongna Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lizhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Dewei Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350019, China
| | - Zhijuan Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Dingzhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shengping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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40
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Wu Y, Sexton WK, Zhang Q, Bloodgood D, Wu Y, Hooks C, Coker F, Vasquez A, Wei CI, Xiao S. Leaf abaxial immunity to powdery mildew in Arabidopsis is conferred by multiple defense mechanisms. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1465-1478. [PMID: 37952108 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew fungi are obligate biotrophic pathogens that only invade plant epidermal cells. There are two epidermal surfaces in every plant leaf: the adaxial (upper) side and the abaxial (lower) side. While both leaf surfaces can be susceptible to adapted powdery mildew fungi in many plant species, there have been observations of leaf abaxial immunity in some plant species including Arabidopsis. The genetic basis of such leaf abaxial immunity remains unknown. In this study, we tested a series of Arabidopsis mutants defective in one or more known defense pathways with the adapted powdery mildew isolate Golovinomyces cichoracearum UCSC1. We found that leaf abaxial immunity was significantly compromised in mutants impaired for both the EDS1/PAD4- and PEN2/PEN3-dependent defenses. Consistently, expression of EDS1-yellow fluorescent protein and PEN2-green fluorescent protein fusions from their respective native promoters in the respective eds1-2 and pen2-1 mutant backgrounds was higher in the abaxial epidermal cells than in the adaxial epidermal cells. Altogether, our results indicate that leaf abaxial immunity against powdery mildew in Arabidopsis is at least partially due to enhanced EDS1/PAD4- and PEN2/PEN3-dependent defenses. Such transcriptionally pre-programmed defense mechanisms may underlie leaf abaxial immunity in other plant species such as hemp and may be exploited for engineering adaxial immunity against powdery mildew fungi in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - W Kyle Sexton
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - David Bloodgood
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Yan Wu
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Caroline Hooks
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Frank Coker
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Andrea Vasquez
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Cheng-I Wei
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Shunyuan Xiao
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742, USA
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41
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Moon H, Jeong AR, Park CJ. Rice NLR protein XinN1, induced by a pattern recognition receptor XA21, confers enhanced resistance to bacterial blight. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:72. [PMID: 38376569 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03156-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Rice CC-type NLR XinN1, specifically induced by a PRR XA21, activates defense pathways against Xoo. Plants have evolved two layers of immune systems regulated by two different types of immune receptors, cell surface located pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing receptors (NLRs). Plant PRRs recognize conserved molecular patterns from diverse pathogens, resulting in pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), whereas NLRs are activated by effectors secreted by pathogens into plant cells, inducing effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Rice PRR, XA21, recognizes a tyrosine-sulfated RaxX peptide (required for activation of XA21-mediated immunity X) as a molecular pattern secreted by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Here, we identified a rice NLR gene, XinN1, that is specifically induced during the XA21-mediated immune response against Xoo. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing XinN1 displayed increased resistance to infection by Xoo with reduced lesion length and bacterial growth. Overexpression of autoactive mutant of XinN1 (XinN1D543V) also displayed increased resistance to Xoo, accompanied with severe growth retardation and cell death. In rice protoplast system, overexpression of XinN1 or XinN1D543V significantly elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cytosolic-free calcium (Ca2+) accumulations. In addition, XinN1 overexpression additionally elevated the ROS burst caused by the interaction between XA21 and RaxX-sY and induced the transcription of PTI signaling components, including somatic embryogenesis receptor kinases (OsSERKs) and receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (OsRLCKs). Our results suggest that XinN1 induced by the PRR XA21 activates defense pathways and provides enhanced resistance to Xoo in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeran Moon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - A-Ram Jeong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Jin Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Pennance T, Calvelo J, Tennessen JA, Burd R, Cayton J, Bollmann SR, Blouin MS, Spaan JM, Hoffmann FG, Ogara G, Rawago F, Andiego K, Mulonga B, Odhiambo M, Loker ES, Laidemitt MR, Lu L, Iriarte A, Odiere MR, Steinauer ML. The genome and transcriptome of the snail Biomphalaria sudanica s.l.: immune gene diversification and highly polymorphic genomic regions in an important African vector of Schistosoma mansoni. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:192. [PMID: 38373909 PMCID: PMC10875847 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10103-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Control and elimination of schistosomiasis is an arduous task, with current strategies proving inadequate to break transmission. Exploration of genetic approaches to interrupt Schistosoma mansoni transmission, the causative agent for human intestinal schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa and South America, has led to genomic research of the snail vector hosts of the genus Biomphalaria. Few complete genomic resources exist, with African Biomphalaria species being particularly underrepresented despite this being where the majority of S. mansoni infections occur. Here we generate and annotate the first genome assembly of Biomphalaria sudanica sensu lato, a species responsible for S. mansoni transmission in lake and marsh habitats of the African Rift Valley. Supported by whole-genome diversity data among five inbred lines, we describe orthologs of immune-relevant gene regions in the South American vector B. glabrata and present a bioinformatic pipeline to identify candidate novel pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs). RESULTS De novo genome and transcriptome assembly of inbred B. sudanica originating from the shoreline of Lake Victoria (Kisumu, Kenya) resulted in a haploid genome size of ~ 944.2 Mb (6,728 fragments, N50 = 1.067 Mb), comprising 23,598 genes (BUSCO = 93.6% complete). The B. sudanica genome contains orthologues to all described immune genes/regions tied to protection against S. mansoni in B. glabrata, including the polymorphic transmembrane clusters (PTC1 and PTC2), RADres, and other loci. The B. sudanica PTC2 candidate immune genomic region contained many PRR-like genes across a much wider genomic region than has been shown in B. glabrata, as well as a large inversion between species. High levels of intra-species nucleotide diversity were seen in PTC2, as well as in regions linked to PTC1 and RADres orthologues. Immune related and putative PRR gene families were significantly over-represented in the sub-set of B. sudanica genes determined as hyperdiverse, including high extracellular diversity in transmembrane genes, which could be under pathogen-mediated balancing selection. However, no overall expansion in immunity related genes was seen in African compared to South American lineages. CONCLUSIONS The B. sudanica genome and analyses presented here will facilitate future research in vector immune defense mechanisms against pathogens. This genomic/transcriptomic resource provides necessary data for the future development of molecular snail vector control/surveillance tools, facilitating schistosome transmission interruption mechanisms in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Pennance
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific - Northwest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR, USA.
| | - Javier Calvelo
- Laboratorio de Biología Computacional, Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, 11600, Uruguay
| | | | - Ryan Burd
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific - Northwest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR, USA
| | - Jared Cayton
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific - Northwest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR, USA
| | | | | | - Johannie M Spaan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific - Northwest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR, USA
| | - Federico G Hoffmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - George Ogara
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P. O. Box 1578-40100, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Fredrick Rawago
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P. O. Box 1578-40100, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Kennedy Andiego
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P. O. Box 1578-40100, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Boaz Mulonga
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P. O. Box 1578-40100, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Meredith Odhiambo
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P. O. Box 1578-40100, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Eric S Loker
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Parasite Division Museum of Southwestern Biology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Martina R Laidemitt
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Parasite Division Museum of Southwestern Biology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Lijun Lu
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Parasite Division Museum of Southwestern Biology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Andrés Iriarte
- Laboratorio de Biología Computacional, Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, 11600, Uruguay
| | - Maurice R Odiere
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P. O. Box 1578-40100, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Michelle L Steinauer
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific - Northwest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR, USA.
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Wang T, Wang G, Zhang J, Xuan J. E3 Ubiquitin Ligase PUB23 in Kiwifruit Interacts with Trihelix Transcription Factor GT1 and Negatively Regulates Immune Responses against Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1930. [PMID: 38339209 PMCID: PMC10856358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Kiwifruit bacterial canker caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is the most serious disease threatening kiwifruit production. Our previous study found genes encoding the U-box containing proteins were significantly regulated by Psa infection. Here, we report a U-box type E3 ubiquitin ligase PUB23 in kiwifruit which acts as a negative regulator of immune responses against Psa. PUB23 was found to physically interact with GT1, a trihelix transcription factor, in vitro and in vivo. The expression of GT1 was up-regulated in PUB23-silenced plants, indicating that interacting with PUB23 may directly or indirectly suppress GT1 expression. The silencing of PUB23 led to enhanced immune responses of PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI), including a higher expression level of defense marker genes PR1 and RIN4, and increased accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion. Our results reveal a negative role PUB23 plays in kiwifruit immune responses against Psa and may regulate gene expression by interacting with GT1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jiping Xuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (T.W.); (G.W.); (J.Z.)
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Cabre L, Jing L, Makechemu M, Heluin K, El Khamlichi S, Leprince J, Kiefer-Meyer MC, Pluchon S, Mollet JC, Zipfel C, Nguema-Ona E. Additive and Specific Effects of Elicitor Treatments on the Metabolic Profile of Arabidopsis thaliana. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2024; 37:112-126. [PMID: 37903461 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-04-23-0051-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Several elicitors of plant defense have been identified and numerous efforts to use them in the field have been made. Exogenous elicitor treatments mimic the in planta activation of pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), which relies on the perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as bacterial flg22 or fungal chitins. Early transcriptional responses to distinct PAMPs are mostly overlapping, regardless of the elicitor being used. However, it remains poorly known if the same patterns are observed for metabolites and proteins produced later during PTI. In addition, little is known about the impact of a combination of elicitors on PTI and the level of induced resistance to pathogens. Here, we monitored Arabidopsis thaliana resistance to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pto DC3000) following application of flg22 and chitosan elicitors, used individually or in combination. A slight, but not statistically significant increase in induced resistance was observed when the elicitors were applied together when compared with individual treatments. We investigated the effect of these treatments on the metabolome by using an untargeted analysis. We found that the combination of flg22 and chitosan impacted a higher number of metabolites and deregulated specific metabolic pathways compared with the elicitors individually. These results contribute to a better understanding of plant responses to elicitors, which might help better rationalize their use in the field. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Cabre
- Centre Mondial de l'Innovation-Groupe Roullier (CMI-Roullier), Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Saint Malo, F-35400, France
| | - Lun Jing
- Centre Mondial de l'Innovation-Groupe Roullier (CMI-Roullier), Plateforme de Chimie et Bio-Analyse, Saint Malo, F-35400, France
| | - Moffat Makechemu
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kylhan Heluin
- Université de Rouen Normandie, GLYCOMEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, RMT BESTIM, GDR Chémobiologie, IRIB, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Sarah El Khamlichi
- Université de Rouen Normandie, GLYCOMEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, RMT BESTIM, GDR Chémobiologie, IRIB, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- Université de Rouen Normandie, CNRS, INSERM, HERACLES US 51 UAR 2026, PRIMACEN, IRIB, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Marie Christine Kiefer-Meyer
- Université de Rouen Normandie, GLYCOMEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, RMT BESTIM, GDR Chémobiologie, IRIB, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Sylvain Pluchon
- Centre Mondial de l'Innovation-Groupe Roullier (CMI-Roullier), Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Saint Malo, F-35400, France
| | - Jean-Claude Mollet
- Université de Rouen Normandie, GLYCOMEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, RMT BESTIM, GDR Chémobiologie, IRIB, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UH Norwich, U.K
| | - Eric Nguema-Ona
- Centre Mondial de l'Innovation-Groupe Roullier (CMI-Roullier), Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Saint Malo, F-35400, France
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Normantovich M, Amitzur A, Offri S, Pashkovsky E, Shnaider Y, Nizan S, Yogev O, Jacob A, Taylor CG, Desbiez C, Whitham SA, Bar-Ziv A, Perl-Treves R. The melon Fom-1-Prv resistance gene pair: Correlated spatial expression and interaction with a viral protein. PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e565. [PMID: 38389929 PMCID: PMC10883720 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The head-to-head oriented pair of melon resistance genes, Fom-1 and Prv, control resistance to Fusarium oxysporum races 0 and 2 and papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), respectively. They encode, via several RNA splice variants, TIR-NBS-LRR proteins, and Prv has a C-terminal extra domain with a second NBS homologous sequence. In other systems, paired R-proteins were shown to operate by "labor division," with one protein having an extra integrated domain that directly binds the pathogen's Avr factor, and the second protein executing the defense response. We report that the expression of the two genes in two pairs of near-isogenic lines was higher in the resistant isoline and inducible by F. oxysporum race 2 but not by PRSV. The intergenic DNA region separating the coding sequences of the two genes acted as a bi-directional promoter and drove GUS expression in transgenic melon roots and transgenic tobacco plants. Expression of both genes was strong in melon root tips, around the root vascular cylinder, and the phloem and xylem parenchyma of tobacco stems and petioles. The pattern of GUS expression suggests coordinated expression of the two genes. In agreement with the above model, Prv's extra domain was shown to interact with the cylindrical inclusion protein of PRSV both in yeast cells and in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Normantovich
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Arie Amitzur
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Sharon Offri
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Ekaterina Pashkovsky
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Yula Shnaider
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Shahar Nizan
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Ohad Yogev
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Avi Jacob
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
| | | | | | - Steven A Whitham
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology Iowa State University Ames Iowa USA
| | - Amalia Bar-Ziv
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Rafael Perl-Treves
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
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Gao Z, Sun M, Shao C, Chen Y, Xiang L, Wu J, Wang J, Chen X. Genome-wide analysis and characterization of the TaTLP gene family in wheat and functional characterization of the TaTLP44 in response to Rhizoctonia cerealis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108323. [PMID: 38183904 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Wheat sharp eyespot is a soil-borne disease caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis, which occurs in many countries worldwide and significantly reduces the yield. Thaumatin-like protein (TLP), also known as PR5, is a member of the pathogen response protein family and plays an essential role in plant resistance to pathogen infection. In this study, 131 TaTLP genes were identified from the wheat genome, of which 38 TaTLPs were newly discovered. The TaTLP gene family contains many tandem duplications and fragment duplications, which is a major pathway for gene amplification. Besides, we also analyzed the physicochemical properties, gene structure and promoter cis-acting regulatory elements of all the TaTLP genes. In addition, the expression patterns of nine TaTLPs in response to R. cerealis were analyzed by RT-qPCR. Six TaTLP proteins expressed in vitro had no significant inhibitory effect on R. cerealis, suggesting that these TaTLP proteins may function in other ways. Finally, we performed gene silencing of TaTLP44 in wheat, which increased the expression of some defense-associated genes and improved resistance to R. cerealis. In summary, we systematically analyzed TaTLP family members and demonstrated that TaTLP44 negatively regulates the resistance to R. cerealis by controlling expression of defense-associated genes. These results provide new insights into the functional mechanism of TaTLP proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Miao Sun
- College of Agronomy, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China.
| | - Chunyu Shao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yihua Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Linrun Xiang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jun Wu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xinhong Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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47
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Vega-Arroy JD, Herrera-Estrella A, Ovando-Vázquez C, Casas-Flores S. Inferring co-expression networks of Arabidopsis thaliana genes during their interaction with Trichoderma spp. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2466. [PMID: 38291044 PMCID: PMC10827721 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48332-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungi of the Trichoderma genus are called "biostimulants" because they promote plant growth and development and induce disease resistance. We used conventional transcriptome and gene co-expression analyses to understand the molecular response of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana to inoculation with Trichoderma atroviride or Trichoderma virens. The transcriptional landscape of the plant during the interaction with these fungi showed a reduction in functions such as reactive oxygen species production, defense mechanisms against pathogens, and hormone signaling. T. virens, as opposed to T. atroviride, was more effective at downregulating genes related to terpenoid metabolism, root development, and chemical homeostasis. Through gene co-expression analysis, we found functional gene modules that closely link plant defense with hypoxia. Notably, we found a transcription factor (locus AT2G47520) with two functional domains of interest: a DNA-binding domain and an N-terminal cysteine needed for protein stability under hypoxia. We hypothesize that the transcription factor can bind to the promoter sequence of the GCC-box that is connected to pathogenesis by positioned weight matrix analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier-David Vega-Arroy
- IPICYT, División de Biología Molecular, Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional y Comparativa, Camino a la Presa San José 2055. Col. Lomas 4 Sección, 78216, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
- IPICYT, CONAHCYT, Centro Nacional de Supercomputo, Laboratorio de Inteligencia Artificial y Bioinformática, Camino a la Presa San José 2055. Col. Lomas 4 sección, 78216, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Herrera-Estrella
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, unidad de Genómica Avanzada-Langebio, Libramiento Norte carretera Irapuato-León km 9.6, 36824, Irapuato, GTO, Mexico
| | - Cesaré Ovando-Vázquez
- IPICYT, CONAHCYT, Centro Nacional de Supercomputo, Laboratorio de Inteligencia Artificial y Bioinformática, Camino a la Presa San José 2055. Col. Lomas 4 sección, 78216, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
| | - Sergio Casas-Flores
- IPICYT, División de Biología Molecular, Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional y Comparativa, Camino a la Presa San José 2055. Col. Lomas 4 Sección, 78216, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
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48
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de Oliveira Cabral SK, de Freitas MB, Stadnik MJ, Kulcheski FR. Emerging roles of plant microRNAs during Colletotrichum spp. infection. PLANTA 2024; 259:48. [PMID: 38285194 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION This review provides valuable insights into plant molecular regulatory mechanisms during fungus attacks, highlighting potential miRNA candidates for future disease management. Plant defense responses to biotic stress involve intricate regulatory mechanisms, including post-transcriptional regulation of genes mediated by microRNAs (miRNAs). These small RNAs play a vital role in the plant's innate immune system, defending against viral, bacterial, and fungal attacks. Among the plant pathogenic fungi, Colletotrichum spp. are notorious for causing anthracnose, a devastating disease affecting economically important crops worldwide. Understanding the molecular machinery underlying the plant immune response to Colletotrichum spp. is crucial for developing tools to reduce production losses. In this comprehensive review, we examine the current understanding of miRNAs associated with plant defense against Colletotrichum spp. We summarize the modulation patterns of miRNAs and their respective target genes. Depending on the function of their targets, miRNAs can either contribute to host resistance or susceptibility. We explore the multifaceted roles of miRNAs during Colletotrichum infection, including their involvement in R-gene-dependent immune system responses, hormone-dependent defense mechanisms, secondary metabolic pathways, methylation regulation, and biosynthesis of other classes of small RNAs. Furthermore, we employ an integrative approach to correlate the identified miRNAs with various strategies and distinct phases of fungal infection. This study provides valuable insights into the current understanding of plant miRNAs and their regulatory mechanisms during fungus attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kirchhofer de Oliveira Cabral
- Group of Plant Molecular Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Mateus Brusco de Freitas
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Marciel João Stadnik
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Franceli Rodrigues Kulcheski
- Group of Plant Molecular Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
- Post-Graduation Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
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49
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Zhang S, Cao P, Xiao Z, Zhang Q, Qiang Y, Meng H, Yang A, An Y, Zhang M. Rastonia solanacearum type Ⅲ effectors target host 14-3-3 proteins to suppress plant immunity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 690:149256. [PMID: 37992525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins play important roles in plant metabolism and stress response. Tomato 14-3-3 proteins, SlTFT4 and SlTFT7, serve as hubs of plant immunity and are targeted by some pathogen effectors. Ralstonia solanacearum with more than 70 type Ⅲ effectors (T3Es) is one of the most destructive plant pathogens. However, little is known on whether R. solanacearum T3Es target SlTFT4 and SlTFT7 and hence interfere with plant immunity. We first detected the associations of SlTFT4/SlTFT7 with R. solanacearum T3Es by luciferase complementation assay, and then confirmed the interactions by yeast two-hybrid approach. We demonstrated that 22 Ralstonia T3Es were associated with both SlTFT4 and SlTFT7, and five among them suppressed the hypersensitive response induced by MAPKKKα, a protein kinase which associated with SlTFT4/SlTFT7. We further demonstrated that suppression of MAPKKKα-induced HR and plant basal defense by the T3E RipAC depend on its association with 14-3-3 proteins. Our findings firstly demonstrate that R. solanacearum T3Es can manipulate plant immunity by targeting 14-3-3 proteins, SlTFT4 and SlTFT7, providing new insights into plant-R. solanacearum interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Zhiliang Xiao
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yi Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - He Meng
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Aiguo Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yuyan An
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
| | - Meixiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
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50
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Chen S, Tran TTT, Yeh AYC, Yang H, Chen J, Yang Y, Wang X. The Globodera rostochiensis Gr29D09 Effector with a Role in Defense Suppression Targets the Potato Hexokinase 1 Protein. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2024; 37:25-35. [PMID: 37717227 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-23-0095-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The potato cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis) is an obligate root pathogen of potatoes. G. rostochiensis encodes several highly expanded effector gene families, including the Gr4D06 family; however, little is known about the function of this effector family. We cloned four 29D09 genes from G. rostochiensis (named Gr29D09v1/v2/v3/v4) that share high sequence similarity and are homologous to the Hg29D09 and Hg4D06 effector genes from the soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Gr29D09 genes belong to a subgroup of the Gr4D06 family. We showed that Gr29D09 genes are expressed exclusively within the nematode's dorsal gland cell and are dramatically upregulated in parasitic stages, indicating involvement of Gr29D09 effectors in nematode parasitism. Transgenic potato lines overexpressing Gr29D09 variants showed increased susceptibility to G. rostochiensis. Transient expression assays in Nicotiana benthamiana demonstrated that Gr29D09v3 could suppress reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and defense gene expression induced by flg22 and cell death mediated by immune receptors. These results suggest a critical role of Gr29D09 effectors in defense suppression. The use of affinity purification coupled with nanoliquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry identified potato hexokinase 1 (StHXK1) as a candidate target of Gr29D09. The Gr29D09-StHXK1 interaction was further confirmed using in planta protein-protein interaction assays. Plant HXKs have been implicated in defense regulation against pathogen infection. Interestingly, we found that StHXK1 could enhance flg22-induced ROS production, consistent with a positive role of plant HXKs in defense. Altogether, our results suggest that targeting StHXK1 by Gr29D09 effectors may impair the positive function of StHXK1 in plant immunity, thereby aiding nematode parasitism. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Chen
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, U.S.A
| | - Tien Thi Thuy Tran
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, U.S.A
| | - Athena Yi-Chun Yeh
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, U.S.A
| | - Huijun Yang
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, NY, U.S.A
| | - Jiansong Chen
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, U.S.A
| | - Yong Yang
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, NY, U.S.A
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, U.S.A
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, NY, U.S.A
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