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Delconte RB, Owyong M, Santosa EK, Srpan K, Sheppard S, McGuire TJ, Abbasi A, Diaz-Salazar C, Chun J, Rogatsky I, Hsu KC, Jordan S, Merad M, Sun JC. Fasting reshapes tissue-specific niches to improve NK cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity. Immunity 2024; 57:1923-1938.e7. [PMID: 38878769 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Fasting is associated with improved outcomes in cancer. Here, we investigated the impact of fasting on natural killer (NK) cell anti-tumor immunity. Cyclic fasting improved immunity against solid and metastatic tumors in an NK cell-dependent manner. During fasting, NK cells underwent redistribution from peripheral tissues to the bone marrow (BM). In humans, fasting also reduced circulating NK cell numbers. NK cells in the spleen of fasted mice were metabolically rewired by elevated concentrations of fatty acids and glucocorticoids, augmenting fatty acid metabolism via increased expression of the enzyme CPT1A, and Cpt1a deletion impaired NK cell survival and function in this setting. In parallel, redistribution of NK cells to the BM during fasting required the trafficking mediators S1PR5 and CXCR4. These cells were primed by an increased pool of interleukin (IL)-12-expressing BM myeloid cells, which improved IFN-γ production. Our findings identify a link between dietary restriction and optimized innate immune responses, with the potential to enhance immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca B Delconte
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Mark Owyong
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Endi K Santosa
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Katja Srpan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sam Sheppard
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tomi J McGuire
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Aamna Abbasi
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Carlos Diaz-Salazar
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jerold Chun
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Inez Rogatsky
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA; Hospital for Special Surgery Research Institute, The David Rosenzweig Genomics Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Katharine C Hsu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Stefan Jordan
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Miriam Merad
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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2
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Ding Y, Lavaert M, Grassmann S, Band VI, Chi L, Das A, Das S, Harly C, Shissler SC, Malin J, Peng D, Zhao Y, Zhu J, Belkaid Y, Sun JC, Bhandoola A. Distinct developmental pathways generate functionally distinct populations of natural killer cells. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:1183-1192. [PMID: 38872000 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01865-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells function by eliminating virus-infected or tumor cells. Here we identified an NK-lineage-biased progenitor population, referred to as early NK progenitors (ENKPs), which developed into NK cells independently of common precursors for innate lymphoid cells (ILCPs). ENKP-derived NK cells (ENKP_NK cells) and ILCP-derived NK cells (ILCP_NK cells) were transcriptionally different. We devised combinations of surface markers that identified highly enriched ENKP_NK and ILCP_NK cell populations in wild-type mice. Furthermore, Ly49H+ NK cells that responded to mouse cytomegalovirus infection primarily developed from ENKPs, whereas ILCP_NK cells were better IFNγ producers after infection with Salmonella and herpes simplex virus. Human CD56dim and CD56bright NK cells were transcriptionally similar to ENKP_NK cells and ILCP_NK cells, respectively. Our findings establish the existence of two pathways of NK cell development that generate functionally distinct NK cell subsets in mice and further suggest these pathways may be conserved in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- T Cell Biology and Development Unit, Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marieke Lavaert
- T Cell Biology and Development Unit, Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Simon Grassmann
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Victor I Band
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Liang Chi
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Arundhoti Das
- T Cell Biology and Development Unit, Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sumit Das
- T Cell Biology and Development Unit, Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christelle Harly
- Nantes Université, Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Susannah C Shissler
- T Cell Biology and Development Unit, Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Justin Malin
- T Cell Biology and Development Unit, Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dingkang Peng
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yongge Zhao
- T Cell Biology and Development Unit, Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jinfang Zhu
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yasmine Belkaid
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- NIAID Microbiome Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Avinash Bhandoola
- T Cell Biology and Development Unit, Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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3
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Rückert T, Romagnani C. Extrinsic and intrinsic drivers of natural killer cell clonality. Immunol Rev 2024; 323:80-106. [PMID: 38506411 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Clonal expansion of antigen-specific lymphocytes is the fundamental mechanism enabling potent adaptive immune responses and the generation of immune memory. Accompanied by pronounced epigenetic remodeling, the massive proliferation of individual cells generates a critical mass of effectors for the control of acute infections, as well as a pool of memory cells protecting against future pathogen encounters. Classically associated with the adaptive immune system, recent work has demonstrated that innate immune memory to human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is stably maintained as large clonal expansions of natural killer (NK) cells, raising questions on the mechanisms for clonal selection and expansion in the absence of re-arranged antigen receptors. Here, we discuss clonal NK cell memory in the context of the mechanisms underlying clonal competition of adaptive lymphocytes and propose alternative selection mechanisms that might decide on the clonal success of their innate counterparts. We propose that the integration of external cues with cell-intrinsic sources of heterogeneity, such as variegated receptor expression, transcriptional states, and somatic variants, compose a bottleneck for clonal selection, contributing to the large size of memory NK cell clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Rückert
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chiara Romagnani
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Ver Heul AM, Mack M, Zamidar L, Tamari M, Yang TL, Trier AM, Kim DH, Janzen-Meza H, Van Dyken SJ, Hsieh CS, Karo JM, Sun JC, Kim BS. RAG suppresses group 2 innate lymphoid cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.23.590767. [PMID: 38712036 PMCID: PMC11071423 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.23.590767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Antigen specificity is the central trait distinguishing adaptive from innate immune function. Assembly of antigen-specific T cell and B cell receptors occurs through V(D)J recombination mediated by the Recombinase Activating Gene endonucleases RAG1 and RAG2 (collectively called RAG). In the absence of RAG, mature T and B cells do not develop and thus RAG is critically associated with adaptive immune function. In addition to adaptive T helper 2 (Th2) cells, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) contribute to type 2 immune responses by producing cytokines like Interleukin-5 (IL-5) and IL-13. Although it has been reported that RAG expression modulates the function of innate natural killer (NK) cells, whether other innate immune cells such as ILC2s are affected by RAG remains unclear. We find that in RAG-deficient mice, ILC2 populations expand and produce increased IL-5 and IL-13 at steady state and contribute to increased inflammation in atopic dermatitis (AD)-like disease. Further, we show that RAG modulates ILC2 function in a cell-intrinsic manner independent of the absence or presence of adaptive T and B lymphocytes. Lastly, employing multiomic single cell analyses of RAG1 lineage-traced cells, we identify key transcriptional and epigenomic ILC2 functional programs that are suppressed by a history of RAG expression. Collectively, our data reveal a novel role for RAG in modulating innate type 2 immunity through suppression of ILC2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Ver Heul
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Madison Mack
- Immunology & Inflammation Research Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Lydia Zamidar
- Kimberly and Eric J. Waldman Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mark Lebwohl Center for Neuroinflammation and Sensation, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10019, USA
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Masato Tamari
- Kimberly and Eric J. Waldman Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mark Lebwohl Center for Neuroinflammation and Sensation, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10019, USA
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ting-Lin Yang
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Anna M. Trier
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Do-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hannah Janzen-Meza
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Steven J. Van Dyken
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Chyi-Song Hsieh
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jenny M. Karo
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joseph C. Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Brian S. Kim
- Kimberly and Eric J. Waldman Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mark Lebwohl Center for Neuroinflammation and Sensation, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10019, USA
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Allen Discovery Center for Neuroimmune Interactions, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai 10019
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5
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Pavel-Dinu M, Gardner CL, Nakauchi Y, Kawai T, Delmonte OM, Palterer B, Bosticardo M, Pala F, Viel S, Malech HL, Ghanim HY, Bode NM, Kurgan GL, Detweiler AM, Vakulskas CA, Neff NF, Sheikali A, Menezes ST, Chrobok J, Hernández González EM, Majeti R, Notarangelo LD, Porteus MH. Genetically corrected RAG2-SCID human hematopoietic stem cells restore V(D)J-recombinase and rescue lymphoid deficiency. Blood Adv 2024; 8:1820-1833. [PMID: 38096800 PMCID: PMC11006817 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Recombination-activating genes (RAG1 and RAG2) are critical for lymphoid cell development and function by initiating the variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) (V(D)J)-recombination process to generate polyclonal lymphocytes with broad antigen specificity. The clinical manifestations of defective RAG1/2 genes range from immune dysregulation to severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCIDs), causing life-threatening infections and death early in life without hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Despite improvements, haploidentical HCT without myeloablative conditioning carries a high risk of graft failure and incomplete immune reconstitution. The RAG complex is only expressed during the G0-G1 phase of the cell cycle in the early stages of T- and B-cell development, underscoring that a direct gene correction might capture the precise temporal expression of the endogenous gene. Here, we report a feasibility study using the CRISPR/Cas9-based "universal gene-correction" approach for the RAG2 locus in human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) from healthy donors and RAG2-SCID patient. V(D)J-recombinase activity was restored after gene correction of RAG2-SCID-derived HSPCs, resulting in the development of T-cell receptor (TCR) αβ and γδ CD3+ cells and single-positive CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. TCR repertoire analysis indicated a normal distribution of CDR3 length and preserved usage of the distal TRAV genes. We confirmed the in vivo rescue of B-cell development with normal immunoglobulin M surface expression and a significant decrease in CD56bright natural killer cells. Together, we provide specificity, toxicity, and efficacy data supporting the development of a gene-correction therapy to benefit RAG2-deficient patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Pavel-Dinu
- Division of Oncology, Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Cameron L. Gardner
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yusuke Nakauchi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Cancer Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Tomoki Kawai
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ottavia M. Delmonte
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Boaz Palterer
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Marita Bosticardo
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Francesca Pala
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sebastien Viel
- Division of Oncology, Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Service d’immunologie biologique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre International de Recherche en Infectivologie, Centre International de Recheerche in Infectivalogie, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherge Scientifique, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Harry L. Malech
- Genetic Immunotherapy Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Hana Y. Ghanim
- Division of Oncology, Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Adam Sheikali
- Division of Oncology, Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Sherah T. Menezes
- Division of Oncology, Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Jade Chrobok
- Division of Oncology, Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Elaine M. Hernández González
- Division of Oncology, Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Ravindra Majeti
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Cancer Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Luigi D. Notarangelo
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Matthew H. Porteus
- Division of Oncology, Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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6
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Li R, Galindo CC, Davidson D, Guo H, Zhong MC, Qian J, Li B, Ruzsics Z, Lau CM, O'Sullivan TE, Vidal SM, Sun JC, Veillette A. Suppression of adaptive NK cell expansion by macrophage-mediated phagocytosis inhibited by 2B4-CD48. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113800. [PMID: 38386559 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Infection of mice by mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) triggers activation and expansion of Ly49H+ natural killer (NK) cells, which are virus specific and considered to be "adaptive" or "memory" NK cells. Here, we find that signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family receptors (SFRs), a group of hematopoietic cell-restricted receptors, are essential for the expansion of Ly49H+ NK cells after MCMV infection. This activity is largely mediated by CD48, an SFR broadly expressed on NK cells and displaying augmented expression after MCMV infection. It is also dependent on the CD48 counter-receptor, 2B4, expressed on host macrophages. The 2B4-CD48 axis promotes expansion of Ly49H+ NK cells by repressing their phagocytosis by virus-activated macrophages through inhibition of the pro-phagocytic integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) on macrophages. These data identify key roles of macrophages and the 2B4-CD48 pathway in controlling the expansion of adaptive NK cells following MCMV infection. Stimulation of the 2B4-CD48 axis may be helpful in enhancing adaptive NK cell responses for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Cristian Camilo Galindo
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Dominique Davidson
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Huaijian Guo
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ming-Chao Zhong
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Jin Qian
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Bin Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Molecular Biology Program, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Zsolt Ruzsics
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Colleen M Lau
- Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Timothy E O'Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Silvia M Vidal
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - André Veillette
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; Molecular Biology Program, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
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7
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Pala F, Corsino C, Calzoni E, Villa A, Pittaluga S, Palchaudhuri R, Bosticardo M, Notarangelo LD. Transplantation after CD45-ADC corrects Rag1 immunodeficiency in congenic and haploidentical settings. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:341-348.e3. [PMID: 37567393 PMCID: PMC11292320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the recombinase-activating genes 1 and 2 (RAG1, RAG2) cause a spectrum of phenotypes, ranging from severe combined immune deficiency to combined immune deficiency with immune dysregulation (CID-ID). Hematopoietic cell transplantation is a curative option. Use of conditioning facilitates robust and durable stem cell engraftment and immune reconstitution but may cause toxicity. Transplantation from haploidentical donors is associated with poor outcome in patients with CID-ID. OBJECTIVES We sought to evaluate multilineage engraftment and immune reconstitution after conditioning with CD45-antibody drug conjugate (CD45-ADC) as a single agent in hypomorphic mice with Rag1 mutation treated with congenic and haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation. METHODS Rag1-F971L mice, a model of CID-ID, were conditioned with various doses of CD45-ADC, total body irradiation, or isotype-ADC, and then given transplants of total bone marrow cells from congenic or haploidentical donors. Flow cytometry was used to assess chimerism and immune reconstitution. Histology was used to document reconstitution of thymic architecture. RESULTS Conditioning with CD45-ADC as a single agent allowed robust engraftment and immune reconstitution, with restoration of thymus, bone marrow, and peripheral compartments. The optimal doses of CD45-ADC were 1.5 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg for congenic and haploidentical transplantation, respectively. No graft-versus-host disease was observed. CONCLUSIONS Conditioning with CD45-ADC alone allows full donor chimerism and immune reconstitution in Rag1 hypomorphic mice even following haploidentical transplantation, opening the way for the implementation of similar approaches in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pala
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Cristina Corsino
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Enrica Calzoni
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Anna Villa
- San Raffaele-Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cambridge, Mass
| | - Stefania Pittaluga
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | | | - Marita Bosticardo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
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8
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Sugimoto E, Li J, Hayashi Y, Iida K, Asada S, Fukushima T, Tamura M, Shikata S, Zhang W, Yamamoto K, Kawabata KC, Kawase T, Saito T, Yoshida T, Yamazaki S, Kaito Y, Imai Y, Denda T, Ota Y, Fukuyama T, Tanaka Y, Enomoto Y, Kitamura T, Goyama S. Hyperactive Natural Killer cells in Rag2 knockout mice inhibit the development of acute myeloid leukemia. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1294. [PMID: 38129572 PMCID: PMC10739813 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has attracted considerable attention as a therapeutic strategy for cancers including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this study, we found that the development of several aggressive subtypes of AML is slower in Rag2-/- mice despite the lack of B and T lymphocytes, even compared to the immunologically normal C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, an orally active p53-activating drug shows stronger antileukemia effect on AML in Rag2-/- mice than C57BL/6 mice. Intriguingly, Natural Killer (NK) cells in Rag2-/- mice are increased in number, highly express activation markers, and show increased cytotoxicity to leukemia cells in a coculture assay. B2m depletion that triggers missing-self recognition of NK cells impairs the growth of AML cells in vivo. In contrast, NK cell depletion accelerates AML progression in Rag2-/- mice. Interestingly, immunogenicity of AML keeps changing during tumor evolution, showing a trend that the aggressive AMLs generate through serial transplantations are susceptible to NK cell-mediated tumor suppression in Rag2-/- mice. Thus, we show the critical role of NK cells in suppressing the development of certain subtypes of AML using Rag2-/- mice, which lack functional lymphocytes but have hyperactive NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Sugimoto
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jingmei Li
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Hayashi
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Iida
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuhei Asada
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Fukushima
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moe Tamura
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiori Shikata
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keita Yamamoto
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimihito Cojin Kawabata
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kawase
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Clinical Pharmacology Exploratory Development, Astellas Pharma, Westborough, MA, USA
| | - Taku Yoshida
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuta Kaito
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, IMSUT Hospital, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Imai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tamami Denda
- Department of Pathology, The Institute of Medical Science Research Hospital, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Ota
- Department of Pathology, The Institute of Medical Science Research Hospital, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomofusa Fukuyama
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tanaka
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Enomoto
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Kitamura
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Susumu Goyama
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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9
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Jan-Abu SC, Kabil A, McNagny KM. Parallel origins and functions of T cells and ILCs. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 213:76-86. [PMID: 37235977 PMCID: PMC10324547 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are tissue resident cells that are triggered through a relatively broad spectrum of alarmins, inflammatory cues, neuropeptides, and hormones. Functionally, ILCs are akin to subsets of helper T cells and are characterized by a similar effector cytokine profile. They also share a dependency on many of the same essential transcription factors identified for the maintenance and survival of T cells. The key distinguishing factor between the ILC family and T cells is the lack of antigen-specific T cell receptor (TCR) on ILCs and, thus, they can be considered the "ultimate invariant T cells". ILCs, like T cells, orchestrate downstream effector inflammatory responses by adjusting the cytokine microenvironment in a fashion that promotes protection, health, and homeostasis at mucosal barrier sites. But also, like T cells, ILCs have recently been implicated in several pathological inflammatory disease states. This review focuses on the selective role of ILCs in the development of allergic airway inflammation (AAI) and fibrosis in the gut where a complex ILC interplay has been shown to either attenuate or worsen disease. Finally, we discuss new data on TCR gene rearrangements in subsets of ILCs that challenge the current dogma linking their origin to committed bone marrow progenitors and instead propose a thymic origin for at least some ILCs. In addition, we highlight how naturally occurring TCR rearrangements and the expression of major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules in ILCs provide a useful natural barcode for these cells and may prove instrumental in studying their origins and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sia C Jan-Abu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ahmed Kabil
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation (HLI), St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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10
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Guilz NC, Ahn YO, Seo S, Mace EM. Unwinding the Role of the CMG Helicase in Inborn Errors of Immunity. J Clin Immunol 2023; 43:847-861. [PMID: 36809597 PMCID: PMC10789183 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01437-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are a collection of diseases resulting from genetic causes that impact the immune system through multiple mechanisms. Natural killer cell deficiency (NKD) is one such IEI where natural killer (NK) cells are the main immune lineage affected. Though rare, the deficiency of several genes has been described as underlying causes of NKD, including MCM4, GINS1, MCM10 , and GINS4 , all of which are involved in the eukaryotic CMG helicase. The CMG helicase is made up of C DC45 – M CM – G INS and accessory proteins including MCM10. The CMG helicase plays a critical role in DNA replication by unwinding the double helix and enabling access of polymerases to single-stranded DNA, and thus helicase proteins are active in any proliferating cell. Replication stress, DNA damage, and cell cycle arrest are among the cellular phenotypes attributed to loss of function variants in CMG helicase proteins. Despite the ubiquitous function of the CMG helicase, NK cells have an apparent susceptibility to the deficiency of helicase proteins. This review will examine the role of the CMG helicase in inborn errors of immunity through the lens of NKD and further discuss why natural killer cells can be so strongly affected by helicase deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Guilz
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Yong-Oon Ahn
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Seungmae Seo
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Emily M Mace
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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11
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Basílio-Queirós D, Mischak-Weissinger E. Natural killer cells- from innate cells to the discovery of adaptability. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1172437. [PMID: 37275911 PMCID: PMC10232812 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1172437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells have come a long way since their first description in the 1970's. The most recent reports of their adaptive-like behavior changed the way the immune system dichotomy is described. Adaptive NK cells present characteristics of both the innate and adaptive immune system. This NK cell subpopulation undergoes a clonal-like expansion in response to an antigen and secondary encounters with the same antigen result in an increased cytotoxic response. These characteristics can be of extreme importance in the clinical setting, especially as adoptive immunotherapies, since NK cells present several advantages compared other cell types. This review will focus on the discovery and the path to the current knowledge of the adaptive NK cell population.
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12
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Sun S, Wijanarko K, Liani O, Strumila K, Ng ES, Elefanty AG, Stanley EG. Lymphoid cell development from fetal hematopoietic progenitors and human pluripotent stem cells. Immunol Rev 2023; 315:154-170. [PMID: 36939073 PMCID: PMC10952469 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Lymphoid cells encompass the adaptive immune system, including T and B cells and Natural killer T cells (NKT), and innate immune cells (ILCs), including Natural Killer (NK) cells. During adult life, these lineages are thought to derive from the differentiation of long-term hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) residing in the bone marrow. However, during embryogenesis and fetal development, the ontogeny of lymphoid cells is both complex and multifaceted, with a large body of evidence suggesting that lymphoid lineages arise from progenitor cell populations antedating the emergence of HSCs. Recently, the application of single cell RNA-sequencing technologies and pluripotent stem cell-based developmental models has provided new insights into lymphoid ontogeny during embryogenesis. Indeed, PSC differentiation platforms have enabled de novo generation of lymphoid immune cells independently of HSCs, supporting conclusions drawn from the study of hematopoiesis in vivo. Here, we examine lymphoid development from non-HSC progenitor cells and technological advances in the differentiation of human lymphoid cells from pluripotent stem cells for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Sun
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteThe Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Kevin Wijanarko
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteThe Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Oniko Liani
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteThe Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Kathleen Strumila
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteThe Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Elizabeth S. Ng
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteThe Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Andrew G. Elefanty
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteThe Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Edouard G. Stanley
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteThe Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
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13
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Maimaiti A, Liu Y, Abulaiti A, Wang X, Feng Z, Wang J, Mijiti M, Turhon M, Alimu N, Wang Y, Liang W, Jiang L, Pei Y. Genomic Profiling of Lower-Grade Gliomas Subtype with Distinct Molecular and Clinicopathologic Characteristics via Altered DNA-Damage Repair Features. J Mol Neurosci 2023; 73:269-286. [PMID: 37067735 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Lower WHO grade II and III gliomas (LGGs) exhibit significant genetic and transcriptional heterogeneity, and the heterogeneity of DNA damage repair (DDR) and its relationship to tumor biology, transcriptome, and tumor microenvironment (TME) remains poorly understood. In this study, we conducted multi-omics data integration to investigate DDR alterations in LGG. Based on clinical parameters and molecular characteristics, LGG patients were categorized into distinct DDR subtypes, namely, DDR-activated and DDR-suppressed subtypes. We compared gene mutation, immune spectrum, and immune cell infiltration between the two subtypes. DDR scores were generated to classify LGG patients based on DDR subtype features, and the results were validated using a multi-layer data cohort. We found that DDR activation was associated with poorer overall survival and that clinicopathological features of advanced age and higher grade were more common in the DDR-activated subtype. DDR-suppressed subtypes exhibited more frequent mutations in IDH1. In addition, we observed significant upregulation of activated immune cells in the DDR-activated subgroup, which suggests that immune cell infiltration significantly influences tumor progression and immunotherapeutic responses. Furthermore, we constructed a DDR signature for LGG using six DDR genes, which allowed for the division of patients into low- and high-risk groups. Quantitative real-time PCR results showed that CDK1, CDK2, TYMS, SMC4, and WEE1 were significantly upregulated in LGG samples compared to normal brain tissue samples. Overall, our study sheds light on DDR heterogeneity in LGG and provides insight into the molecular pathways of DDR involved in LGG development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aierpati Maimaiti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, South Liyushan Road, Xinshi District, 830054, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yanwen Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Hospital, 830002, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Aimitaji Abulaiti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, South Liyushan Road, Xinshi District, 830054, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xixian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, South Liyushan Road, Xinshi District, 830054, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhaohai Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, South Liyushan Road, Xinshi District, 830054, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jiaming Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, South Liyushan Road, Xinshi District, 830054, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Maimaitili Mijiti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, South Liyushan Road, Xinshi District, 830054, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Mirzat Turhon
- Department of Neurointerventional Surgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, 100070, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurointerventional Surgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100070, Beijing, China
| | - Nilipaer Alimu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, South Liyushan Road, Xinshi District, 830054, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yongxin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, South Liyushan Road, Xinshi District, 830054, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wenbao Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 116, Huanghe Road, Shaibak District, 830000, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, South Liyushan Road, Xinshi District, 830054, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Yinan Pei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, South Liyushan Road, Xinshi District, 830054, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
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14
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Molofsky AB, Locksley RM. The ins and outs of innate and adaptive type 2 immunity. Immunity 2023; 56:704-722. [PMID: 37044061 PMCID: PMC10120575 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 immunity is orchestrated by a canonical group of cytokines primarily produced by innate lymphoid cells, group 2, and their adaptive counterparts, CD4+ helper type 2 cells, and elaborated by myeloid cells and antibodies that accumulate in response. Here, we review the cytokine and cellular circuits that mediate type 2 immunity. Building from insights in cytokine evolution, we propose that innate type 2 immunity evolved to monitor the status of microbe-rich epithelial barriers (outside) and sterile parenchymal borders (inside) to meet the functional demands of local tissue, and, when necessary, to relay information to the adaptive immune system to reinforce demarcating borders to sustain these efforts. Allergic pathology likely results from deviations in local sustaining units caused by alterations imposed by environmental effects during postnatal developmental windows and exacerbated by mutations that increase vulnerabilities. This framework positions T2 immunity as central to sustaining tissue repair and regeneration and provides a context toward understanding allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari B Molofsky
- Department of Lab Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0451, USA
| | - Richard M Locksley
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0795, USA.
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15
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Lajqi T, Köstlin-Gille N, Bauer R, Zarogiannis SG, Lajqi E, Ajeti V, Dietz S, Kranig SA, Rühle J, Demaj A, Hebel J, Bartosova M, Frommhold D, Hudalla H, Gille C. Training vs. Tolerance: The Yin/Yang of the Innate Immune System. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030766. [PMID: 36979747 PMCID: PMC10045728 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
For almost nearly a century, memory functions have been attributed only to acquired immune cells. Lately, this paradigm has been challenged by an increasing number of studies revealing that innate immune cells are capable of exhibiting memory-like features resulting in increased responsiveness to subsequent challenges, a process known as trained immunity (known also as innate memory). In contrast, the refractory state of endotoxin tolerance has been defined as an immunosuppressive state of myeloid cells portrayed by a significant reduction in the inflammatory capacity. Both training as well tolerance as adaptive features are reported to be accompanied by epigenetic and metabolic alterations occurring in cells. While training conveys proper protection against secondary infections, the induction of endotoxin tolerance promotes repairing mechanisms in the cells. Consequently, the inappropriate induction of these adaptive cues may trigger maladaptive effects, promoting an increased susceptibility to secondary infections—tolerance, or contribute to the progression of the inflammatory disorder—trained immunity. This review aims at the discussion of these opposing manners of innate immune and non-immune cells, describing the molecular, metabolic and epigenetic mechanisms involved and interpreting the clinical implications in various inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trim Lajqi
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (C.G.)
| | - Natascha Köstlin-Gille
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sotirios G. Zarogiannis
- Department of Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, GR-41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Esra Lajqi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Valdrina Ajeti
- Department of Pharmacy, Alma Mater Europaea—Campus College Rezonanca, XK-10000 Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Stefanie Dietz
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simon A. Kranig
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jessica Rühle
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ardian Demaj
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Tetovo, MK-1200 Tetova, North Macedonia
| | - Janine Hebel
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maria Bartosova
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Frommhold
- Klinik für Kinderheilkunde und Jugendmedizin, D-87700 Memmingen, Germany
| | - Hannes Hudalla
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Gille
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (C.G.)
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16
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Pavel-Dinu M, Borna S, Bacchetta R. Rare immune diseases paving the road for genome editing-based precision medicine. Front Genome Ed 2023; 5:1114996. [PMID: 36846437 PMCID: PMC9945114 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2023.1114996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) genome editing platform heralds a new era of gene therapy. Innovative treatments for life-threatening monogenic diseases of the blood and immune system are transitioning from semi-random gene addition to precise modification of defective genes. As these therapies enter first-in-human clinical trials, their long-term safety and efficacy will inform the future generation of genome editing-based medicine. Here we discuss the significance of Inborn Errors of Immunity as disease prototypes for establishing and advancing precision medicine. We will review the feasibility of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-based genome editing platforms to modify the DNA sequence of primary cells and describe two emerging genome editing approaches to treat RAG2 deficiency, a primary immunodeficiency, and FOXP3 deficiency, a primary immune regulatory disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Pavel-Dinu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology-Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Simon Borna
- Division of Hematology-Oncology-Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Rosa Bacchetta
- Division of Hematology-Oncology-Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA, United States,Center for Definitive and Curative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Rosa Bacchetta,
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17
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Conte MI, Poli MC, Taglialatela A, Leuzzi G, Chinn IK, Salinas SA, Rey-Jurado E, Olivares N, Veramendi-Espinoza L, Ciccia A, Lupski JR, Aldave Becerra JC, Mace EM, Orange JS. Partial loss-of-function mutations in GINS4 lead to NK cell deficiency with neutropenia. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e154948. [PMID: 36345943 PMCID: PMC9675456 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human NK cell deficiency (NKD) is a primary immunodeficiency in which the main clinically relevant immunological defect involves missing or dysfunctional NK cells. Here, we describe a familial NKD case in which 2 siblings had a substantive NKD and neutropenia in the absence of other immune system abnormalities. Exome sequencing identified compound heterozygous variants in Go-Ichi-Ni-San (GINS) complex subunit 4 (GINS4, also known as SLD5), an essential component of the human replicative helicase, which we demonstrate to have a damaging impact upon the expression and assembly of the GINS complex. Cells derived from affected individuals and a GINS4-knockdown cell line demonstrate delayed cell cycle progression, without signs of improper DNA synthesis or increased replication stress. By modeling partial GINS4 depletion in differentiating NK cells in vitro, we demonstrate the causal relationship between the genotype and the NK cell phenotype, as well as a cell-intrinsic defect in NK cell development. Thus, biallelic partial loss-of-function mutations in GINS4 define a potentially novel disease-causing gene underlying NKD with neutropenia. Together with the previously described mutations in other helicase genes causing NKD, and with the mild defects observed in other human cells, these variants underscore the importance of this pathway in NK cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde I. Conte
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - M. Cecilia Poli
- Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Roberto del Rio, Santiago, Chile
| | - Angelo Taglialatela
- Department of Genetics and Development, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Giuseppe Leuzzi
- Department of Genetics and Development, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ivan K. Chinn
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Retrovirology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sandra A. Salinas
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Emma Rey-Jurado
- Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nixa Olivares
- Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Liz Veramendi-Espinoza
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Peru
| | - Alberto Ciccia
- Department of Genetics and Development, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - James R. Lupski
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Emily M. Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jordan S. Orange
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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18
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Chi H, Xie X, Yan Y, Peng G, Strohmer DF, Lai G, Zhao S, Xia Z, Tian G. Natural killer cell-related prognosis signature characterizes immune landscape and predicts prognosis of HNSCC. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1018685. [PMID: 36263048 PMCID: PMC9575041 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1018685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the most common head and neck cancer, is highly aggressive and heterogeneous, resulting in variable prognoses and immunotherapeutic outcomes. Natural killer (NK) cells play essential roles in malignancies’ development, diagnosis, and prognosis. The purpose of this study was to establish a reliable signature based on genes related to NK cells (NRGs), thus providing a new perspective for assessing immunotherapy response and prognosis of HNSCC patients. Methods In this study, NRGs were used to classify HNSCC from the TCGA-HNSCC and GEO cohorts. The genes were evaluated using univariate cox regression analysis based on the differential analysis of normal and tumor samples in TCGA-HNSCC conducted using the “limma” R package. Thereafter, we built prognostic gene signatures using LASSO-COX analysis. External validation was carried out in the GSE41613 cohort. Immunity analysis based on NRGs was performed via several methods, such as CIBERSORT, and immunotherapy response was evaluated by TIP portal website. Results With the TCGA-HNSCC data, we established a nomogram based on the 17-NRGs signature and a variety of clinicopathological characteristics. The low-risk group exhibited a better effect when it came to immunotherapy. Conclusions 17-NRGs signature and nomograms demonstrate excellent predictive performance and offer new perspectives for assessing pre-immune efficacy, which will facilitate future precision immuno-oncology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chi
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xixi Xie
- School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yingjie Yan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaoge Peng
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Dorothee Franziska Strohmer
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Guichuan Lai
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Songyun Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhijia Xia
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Zhijia Xia, ; Gang Tian,
| | - Gang Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhijia Xia, ; Gang Tian,
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19
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Gut commensal bacteria enhance pathogenesis of a tumorigenic murine retrovirus. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111341. [PMID: 36103821 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of the microbiota on viral transmission and replication is well appreciated. However, its impact on retroviral pathogenesis outside of transmission/replication control remains unknown. Using murine leukemia virus (MuLV), we found that some commensal bacteria promoted the development of leukemia induced by this retrovirus. The promotion of leukemia development by commensals is due to suppression of the adaptive immune response through upregulation of several negative regulators of immunity. These negative regulators include Serpinb9b and Rnf128, which are associated with a poor prognosis of some spontaneous human cancers. Upregulation of Serpinb9b is mediated by sensing of bacteria by the NOD1/NOD2/RIPK2 pathway. This work describes a mechanism by which the microbiota enhances tumorigenesis within gut-distant organs and points at potential targets for cancer therapy.
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20
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Burn TN, Miot C, Gordon SM, Culberson EJ, Diamond T, Kreiger PA, Hayer KE, Bhattacharyya A, Jones JM, Bassing CH, Behrens EM. The RAG1 Ubiquitin Ligase Domain Stimulates Recombination of TCRβ and TCRα Genes and Influences Development of αβ T Cell Lineages. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:938-949. [PMID: 35948399 PMCID: PMC9492648 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
RAG1/RAG2 (RAG) endonuclease-mediated assembly of diverse lymphocyte Ag receptor genes by V(D)J recombination is critical for the development and immune function of T and B cells. The RAG1 protein contains a ubiquitin ligase domain that stabilizes RAG1 and stimulates RAG endonuclease activity in vitro. We report in this study that mice with a mutation that inactivates the Rag1 ubiquitin ligase in vitro exhibit decreased rearrangements and altered repertoires of TCRβ and TCRα genes in thymocytes and impaired thymocyte developmental transitions that require the assembly and selection of functional TCRβ and/or TCRα genes. These Rag1 mutant mice present diminished positive selection and superantigen-mediated negative selection of conventional αβ T cells, decreased genesis of invariant NK T lineage αβ T cells, and mature CD4+ αβ T cells with elevated autoimmune potential. Our findings reveal that the Rag1 ubiquitin ligase domain functions in vivo to stimulate TCRβ and TCRα gene recombination and influence differentiation of αβ T lineage cells, thereby establishing replete diversity of αβ TCRs and populations of αβ T cells while restraining generation of potentially autoreactive conventional αβ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N Burn
- Penn Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Rheumatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Charline Miot
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Scott M Gordon
- Penn Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Erica J Culberson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Tamir Diamond
- Penn Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Portia A Kreiger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Katharina E Hayer
- Department of Biomedical and Health Bioinformatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Anamika Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; and
| | - Jessica M Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; and
| | - Craig H Bassing
- Penn Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA;
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Edward M Behrens
- Penn Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA;
- Division of Rheumatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
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21
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review of Pre-Clinical Murine Models of Human Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169344. [PMID: 36012618 PMCID: PMC9409205 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are both highly inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, collectively known as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although the cause of IBD is still unclear, several experimental IBD murine models have enabled researchers to make great inroads into understanding human IBD pathology. Here, we discuss the current pre-clinical experimental murine models for human IBD, including the chemical-induced trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) model, oxazolone and dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) models, the gene-deficient I-kappa-B kinase gamma (Iκκ-γ) and interleukin(IL)-10 models, and the CD4+ T-cell transfer model. We offer a comprehensive review of how these models have been used to dissect the etiopathogenesis of disease, alongside their limitations. Furthermore, the way in which this knowledge has led to the translation of experimental findings into novel clinical therapeutics is also discussed.
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22
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Kaur K, Kanayama K, Wu QQ, Gumrukcu S, Nishimura I, Jewett A. Zoledronic acid mediated differential activation of NK cells in different organs of WT and Rag2 mice; stark differences between the bone marrow and gingivae. Cell Immunol 2022; 375:104526. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Riggan L, Ma F, Li JH, Fernandez E, Nathanson DA, Pellegrini M, O’Sullivan TE. The transcription factor Fli1 restricts the formation of memory precursor NK cells during viral infection. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:556-567. [PMID: 35288713 PMCID: PMC8989647 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01150-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that possess traits of adaptive immunity, such as memory formation. However, the molecular mechanisms by which NK cells persist to form memory cells are not well understood. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified two distinct effector NK cell (NKeff) populations following mouse cytomegalovirus infection. Ly6C- memory precursor (MP) NK cells showed enhanced survival during the contraction phase in a Bcl2-dependent manner, and differentiated into Ly6C+ memory NK cells. MP NK cells exhibited distinct transcriptional and epigenetic signatures compared with Ly6C+ NKeff cells, with a core epigenetic signature shared with MP CD8+ T cells enriched in ETS1 and Fli1 DNA-binding motifs. Fli1 was induced by STAT5 signaling ex vivo, and increased levels of the pro-apoptotic factor Bim in early effector NK cells following viral infection. These results suggest that a NK cell-intrinsic checkpoint controlled by the transcription factor Fli1 limits MP NK formation by regulating early effector NK cell fitness during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Riggan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joey H. Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Elizabeth Fernandez
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David A. Nathanson
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Timothy E. O’Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,Corresponding Author: Timothy E. O’Sullivan, PhD, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Drive South, BSRB 245F, Los Angeles, CA 90095, Phone: 310-825-4454,
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24
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Presence of Natural Killer B Cells in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Colon That Have Properties and Functions Similar to Those of Natural Killer Cells and B Cells but Are a Distinct Cell Population. J Virol 2022; 96:e0023522. [PMID: 35311549 PMCID: PMC9006943 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00235-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is low-level but significant mucosal inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract secondary to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection that has long-term consequences for the infected host. This inflammation most likely originates from the immune response that appears as a consequence of HIV. Here, we show in an animal model of HIV that the chronically SIV-infected gut contains cytotoxic natural killer B cells that produce inflammatory cytokines and proliferate during infection.
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25
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Yuan M, Wang Y, Qin M, Zhao X, Chen X, Li D, Miao Y, Otieno Odhiambo W, Liu H, Ma Y, Ji Y. RAG enhances BCR-ABL1-positive leukemic cell growth through its endonuclease activity in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:2679-2691. [PMID: 33949040 PMCID: PMC8253288 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BCR-ABL1 gene fusion associated with additional DNA lesions involves the pathogenesis of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) from a chronic phase (CP) to a blast crisis of B lymphoid (CML-LBC) lineage and BCR-ABL1+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCR-ABL1+ ALL). The recombination-activating gene RAG1 and RAG2 (collectively, RAG) proteins that assemble a diverse set of antigen receptor genes during lymphocyte development are abnormally expressed in CML-LBC and BCR-ABL1+ ALL. However, the direct involvement of dysregulated RAG in disease progression remains unclear. Here, we generate human wild-type (WT) RAG and catalytically inactive RAG-expressing BCR-ABL1+ and BCR-ABL1- cell lines, respectively, and demonstrate that BCR-ABL1 specifically collaborates with RAG recombinase to promote cell survival in vitro and in xenograft mice models. WT RAG-expressing BCR-ABL1+ cell lines and primary CD34+ bone marrow cells from CML-LBC samples maintain more double-strand breaks (DSB) compared to catalytically inactive RAG-expressing BCR-ABL1+ cell lines and RAG-deficient CML-CP samples, which are measured by γ-H2AX. WT RAG-expressing BCR-ABL1+ cells are biased to repair RAG-mediated DSB by the alternative non-homologous end joining pathway (a-NHEJ), which could contribute genomic instability through increasing the expression of a-NHEJ-related MRE11 and RAD50 proteins. As a result, RAG-expressing BCR-ABL1+ cells decrease sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) by activating BCR-ABL1 signaling but independent of the levels of BCR-ABL1 expression and mutations in the BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase domain. These findings identify a surprising and novel role of RAG in the functional specialization of disease progression in BCR-ABL1+ leukemia through its endonuclease activity.
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MESH Headings
- Acid Anhydride Hydrolases/metabolism
- Animals
- Blast Crisis/genetics
- Blast Crisis/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival
- DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded
- DNA End-Joining Repair
- DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Disease Progression
- Endonucleases/metabolism
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Genomic Instability
- Heterografts
- Histones/analysis
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- MRE11 Homologue Protein/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Nuclear Proteins/deficiency
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/metabolism
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yuan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’anChina
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’anChina
| | - Mengting Qin
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’anChina
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’anChina
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’anChina
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’anChina
| | - Yinsha Miao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’anChina
- Department of Clinical laboratoryXi’an No. 3 HospitalThe Affiliated Hospital of Northwest UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Wood Otieno Odhiambo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’anChina
| | - Huasheng Liu
- Department of HematologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Yunfeng Ma
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’anChina
| | - Yanhong Ji
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’anChina
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26
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Strubbe S, De Bruyne M, Pannicke U, Beyls E, Vandekerckhove B, Leclercq G, De Baere E, Bordon V, Vral A, Schwarz K, Haerynck F, Taghon T. A Novel Non-Coding Variant in DCLRE1C Results in Deregulated Splicing and Induces SCID Through the Generation of a Truncated ARTEMIS Protein That Fails to Support V(D)J Recombination and DNA Damage Repair. Front Immunol 2021; 12:674226. [PMID: 34220820 PMCID: PMC8248492 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.674226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (SCID) is a primary deficiency of the immune system in which opportunistic and recurring infections are often fatal during neonatal or infant life. SCID is caused by an increasing number of genetic defects that induce an abrogation of T lymphocyte development or function in which B and NK cells might be affected as well. Because of the increased availability and usage of next-generation sequencing (NGS), many novel variants in SCID genes are being identified and cause a heterogeneous disease spectrum. However, the molecular and functional implications of these new variants, of which some are non-coding, are often not characterized in detail. Using targeted NGS, we identified a novel homozygous c.465-1G>C splice acceptor site variant in the DCLRE1C gene in a T-B-NK+ SCID patient and fully characterized the molecular and functional impact. By performing a minigene splicing reporter assay, we revealed deregulated splicing of the DCLRE1C transcript since a cryptic splice acceptor in exon 7 was employed. This induced a frameshift and the generation of a p.Arg155Serfs*15 premature termination codon (PTC) within all DCLRE1C splice variants, resulting in the absence of full-length ARTEMIS protein. Consistently, a V(D)J recombination assay and a G0 micronucleus assay demonstrated the inability of the predicted mutant ARTEMIS protein to perform V(D)J recombination and DNA damage repair, respectively. Together, these experiments molecularly and functionally clarify how a newly identified c.465-1G>C variant in the DCLRE1C gene is responsible for inducing SCID. In a clinical context, this demonstrates how the experimental validation of new gene variants, that are identified by NGS, can facilitate the diagnosis of SCID which can be vital for implementing appropriate therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Strubbe
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Ulrich Pannicke
- The Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Elien Beyls
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Vandekerckhove
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Georges Leclercq
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elfride De Baere
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent (CMGG), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Victoria Bordon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne Vral
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Klaus Schwarz
- The Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, Germa Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg – Hessen, Ulm, Germany
| | - Filomeen Haerynck
- Primary Immunodeficiency Research Lab, Jeffrey Modell Diagnosis and Research Center, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Immunology and Pulmonology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Taghon
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
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27
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Natural Killer Cells Are Present in Rag1 -/- Mice and Promote Tissue Damage During the Acute Phase of Ischemic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2021; 13:197-211. [PMID: 34105078 PMCID: PMC8766401 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-021-00923-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rag1−/− mice, lacking functional B and T cells, have been extensively used as an adoptive transfer model to evaluate neuroinflammation in stroke research. However, it remains unknown whether natural killer (NK) cell development and functions are altered in Rag1−/− mice as well. This connection has been rarely discussed in previous studies but might have important implications for data interpretation. In contrast, the NOD-Rag1nullIL2rgnull (NRG) mouse model is devoid of NK cells and might therefore eliminate this potential shortcoming. Here, we compare immune-cell frequencies as well as phenotype and effector functions of NK cells in Rag1−/− and wildtype (WT) mice using flow cytometry and functional in vitro assays. Further, we investigate the effect of Rag1−/− NK cells in the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model using antibody-mediated depletion of NK cells and adoptive transfer to NRG mice in vivo. NK cells in Rag1−/− were comparable in number and function to those in WT mice. Rag1−/− mice treated with an anti-NK1.1 antibody developed significantly smaller infarctions and improved behavioral scores. Correspondingly, NRG mice supplemented with NK cells were more susceptible to tMCAO, developing infarctions and neurological deficits similar to Rag1−/− controls. Our results indicate that NK cells from Rag1−/− mice are fully functional and should therefore be considered in the interpretation of immune-cell transfer models in experimental stroke. Fortunately, we identified the NRG mice, as a potentially better-suited transfer model to characterize individual cell subset-mediated neuroinflammation in stroke.
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28
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Manolakou T, Verginis P, Boumpas DT. DNA Damage Response in the Adaptive Arm of the Immune System: Implications for Autoimmunity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5842. [PMID: 34072535 PMCID: PMC8198144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In complex environments, cells have developed molecular responses to confront threats against the genome and achieve the maintenance of genomic stability assuring the transfer of undamaged DNA to their progeny. DNA damage response (DDR) mechanisms may be activated upon genotoxic or environmental agents, such as cytotoxic drugs or ultraviolet (UV) light, and during physiological processes requiring DNA transactions, to restore DNA alterations that may cause cellular malfunction and affect viability. In addition to the DDR, multicellular organisms have evolved specialized immune cells to respond and defend against infections. Both adaptive and innate immune cells are subjected to DDR processes, either as a prerequisite to the immune response, or as a result of random endogenous and exogenous insults. Aberrant DDR activities have been extensively studied in the immune cells of the innate arm, but not in adaptive immune cells. Here, we discuss how the aberrant DDR may lead to autoimmunity, with emphasis on the adaptive immune cells and the potential of therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Manolakou
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Panayotis Verginis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, 700 13 Heraklion, Greece;
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Tolerance, Division of Basic Sciences, University of Crete Medical School, 700 13 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dimitrios T. Boumpas
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
- Joint Rheumatology Program, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 124 62 Athens, Greece
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29
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Diaz-Salazar C, Sun JC. Coordinated Viral Control by Cytotoxic Lymphocytes Ensures Optimal Adaptive NK Cell Responses. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108186. [PMID: 32966792 PMCID: PMC7532550 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in controlling viral infections, coordinating the response of innate and adaptive immune systems. They also possess certain features of adaptive lymphocytes, such as undergoing clonal proliferation. However, it is not known whether this adaptive NK cell response can be modulated by other lymphocytes during viral exposure. Here, we show that the clonal expansion of NK cells during mouse cytomegalovirus infection is severely blunted in the absence of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. This correlates with higher viral burden and an increased pro-inflammatory milieu, which maintains NK cells in a hyper-activated state. Antiviral therapy rescues NK cell expansion in the absence of CD8+ T cells, suggesting that high viral loads have detrimental effects on adaptive NK cell responses. Altogether, our data support a mechanism whereby cytotoxic innate and adaptive lymphocytes cooperate to ensure viral clearance and the establishment of robust clonal NK cell responses. NK cells undergo clonal proliferation during certain viral infections, similar to CD8+ T cells. However, the interdependence of NK and CD8+ T cell expansion remained unclear. Here, Diaz-Salazar and Sun show that CD8+ T cells promote NK cell expansion by modulating the degree and duration of viremia and host inflammation during MCMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Diaz-Salazar
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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30
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Zalfa C, Paust S. Natural Killer Cell Interactions With Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment and Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:633205. [PMID: 34025641 PMCID: PMC8133367 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.633205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and heterogeneous environment composed of cancer cells, tumor stroma, a mixture of tissue-resident and infiltrating immune cells, secreted factors, and extracellular matrix proteins. Natural killer (NK) cells play a vital role in fighting tumors, but chronic stimulation and immunosuppression in the TME lead to NK cell exhaustion and limited antitumor functions. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous group of myeloid cells with potent immunosuppressive activity that gradually accumulate in tumor tissues. MDSCs interact with innate and adaptive immune cells and play a crucial role in negatively regulating the immune response to tumors. This review discusses MDSC-mediated NK cell regulation within the TME, focusing on critical cellular and molecular interactions. We review current strategies that target MDSC-mediated immunosuppression to enhance NK cell cytotoxic antitumor activity. We also speculate on how NK cell-based antitumor immunotherapy could be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silke Paust
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
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31
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Dopaminergic signalling limits suppressive activity and gut homing of regulatory T cells upon intestinal inflammation. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:652-666. [PMID: 33184477 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-00354-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Evidence from inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) patients and animal models has indicated that gut inflammation is driven by effector CD4+ T-cell, including Th1 and Th17. Conversely, Treg seem to be dysfunctional in IBD. Importantly, dopamine, which is abundant in the gut mucosa under homoeostasis, undergoes a sharp reduction upon intestinal inflammation. Here we analysed the role of the high-affinity dopamine receptor D3 (DRD3) in gut inflammation. Our results show that Drd3 deficiency confers a stronger immunosuppressive potency to Treg, attenuating inflammatory colitis manifestation in mice. Mechanistic analyses indicated that DRD3-signalling attenuates IL-10 production and limits the acquisition of gut-tropism. Accordingly, the ex vivo transduction of wild-type Treg with a siRNA for Drd3 induced a potent therapeutic effect abolishing gut inflammation. Thus, our findings show DRD3-signalling as a major regulator of Treg upon gut inflammation.
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32
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Ghaedi M, Takei F. Innate lymphoid cell development. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:1549-1560. [PMID: 33965092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) mainly reside at barrier surfaces and regulate tissue homeostasis and immunity. ILCs are divided into 3 groups, group 1 ILCs, group 2 ILCs, and group 3 ILC3, on the basis of their similar effector programs to T cells. The development of ILCs from lymphoid progenitors in adult mouse bone marrow has been studied in detail, and multiple ILC progenitors have been characterized. ILCs are mostly tissue-resident cells that develop in the perinatal period. More recently, ILC progenitors have also been identified in peripheral tissues. In this review, we discuss the stepwise transcription factor-directed differentiation of mouse ILC progenitors into mature ILCs, the critical time windows in ILC development, and the contribution of bone marrow versus tissue ILC progenitors to the pool of mature ILCs in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghaedi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fumio Takei
- the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Terry Fox Laboratory, B.C. Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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33
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Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that provide critical host defense against pathogens and cancer. Originally heralded for their early and rapid effector activity, NK cells have been recognized over the last decade for their ability to undergo adaptive immune processes, including antigen-driven clonal expansion and generation of long-lived memory. This review presents an overview of how NK cells lithely partake in both innate and adaptive responses and how this versatility is manifest in human NK cell-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana M Mujal
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Rebecca B Delconte
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; .,Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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34
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Byrum JN, Hoolehan WE, Simpson DA, Rodgers W, Rodgers KK. Full length RAG2 expression enhances the DNA damage response in pre-B cells. Immunobiology 2021; 226:152089. [PMID: 33873062 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2021.152089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
V(D)J recombination by the RAG1 and RAG2 protein complex in developing lymphocytes includes DNA double strand break (DSB) intermediates. RAG2 undergoes export from the nucleus and enrichment at the centrosome minutes following production of DSBs by genotoxic stress, suggesting that RAG2 participates in cellular responses to DSBs such as those generated during V(D)J recombination. To determine the effect of RAG2 expression on cell viability following DSB generation, we measured pre-B cells that expressed either full length (FL) wild-type RAG2, or a T490A mutant of RAG2 that has increased stability and fails to undergo nuclear export following generation of DSBs. Each RAG2 construct was labeled with GFP at the N-terminus. Compared to the T490A mutant, cells expressing FL RAG2 exhibited elevated apoptosis by 24 h following irradiation, and this coincided with a greater amount of Caspase 3 cleavage measured in cell lysates. Pre-B cells expressing either RAG2 protein exhibited similar increases in phospho-p53 levels following irradiation. Interestingly, FL RAG2-expressing cells exhibited elevated division relative to the T490A clone beginning ~24 h following irradiation, as well as an increased percentage of cells proceeding through mitosis, suggesting an improved rate of recovery following the initial burst in apoptosis. Altogether, these data show that FL RAG2, but not its stable nuclear export-defective T490A mutant, participates in pre-B cell decisions between apoptosis versus DNA repair and cell cycle progression following DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Byrum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States
| | - Walker E Hoolehan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States
| | - Destiny A Simpson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States
| | - William Rodgers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States
| | - Karla K Rodgers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States.
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35
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Sheppard S, Sun JC. Virus-specific NK cell memory. J Exp Med 2021; 218:211913. [PMID: 33755720 PMCID: PMC7992500 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cells express a limited number of germline-encoded receptors that identify infected or transformed cells, eliciting cytotoxicity, effector cytokine production, and in some circumstances clonal proliferation and memory. To maximize the functional diversity of NK cells, the array and expression level of surface receptors vary between individual NK cell “clones” in mice and humans. Cytomegalovirus infection in both species can expand a population of NK cells expressing receptors critical to the clearance of infected cells and generate a long-lived memory pool capable of targeting future infection with greater efficacy. Here, we discuss the pathways and factors that regulate the generation and maintenance of effector and memory NK cells and propose how this understanding may be harnessed therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Sheppard
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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36
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Zhang RM, McNerney KP, Riek AE, Bernal‐Mizrachi C. Immunity and Hypertension. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13487. [PMID: 32359222 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is the primary cause of cardiovascular mortality. Despite multiple existing treatments, only half of those with the disease achieve adequate control. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms causing hypertension is essential for the development of novel therapies. Many studies demonstrate that immune cell infiltration of the vessel wall, kidney and central nervous system, as well as their counterparts of oxidative stress, the renal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and sympathetic tone play a critical role in the development of hypertension. Genetically modified mice lacking components of innate and/or adaptive immunity confirm the importance of chronic inflammation in hypertension and its complications. Depletion of immune cells improves endothelial function, decreases oxidative stress, reduces vascular tone and prevents renal interstitial infiltrates, sodium retention and kidney damage. Moreover, the ablation of microglia or central nervous system perivascular macrophages reduces RAS-induced inflammation and prevents sympathetic nervous system activation and hypertension. Therefore, understanding immune cell functioning and their interactions with tissues that regulate hypertensive responses may be the future of novel antihypertensive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong M. Zhang
- Department of Medicine Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
| | - Kyle P. McNerney
- Department of Pediatrics Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
| | - Amy E. Riek
- Department of Medicine Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
| | - Carlos Bernal‐Mizrachi
- Department of Medicine Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
- Department of Medicine VA Medical Center St. Louis MO USA
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37
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Mace EM, Paust S, Conte MI, Baxley RM, Schmit MM, Patil SL, Guilz NC, Mukherjee M, Pezzi AE, Chmielowiec J, Tatineni S, Chinn IK, Akdemir ZC, Jhangiani SN, Muzny DM, Stray-Pedersen A, Bradley RE, Moody M, Connor PP, Heaps AG, Steward C, Banerjee PP, Gibbs RA, Borowiak M, Lupski JR, Jolles S, Bielinsky AK, Orange JS. Human NK cell deficiency as a result of biallelic mutations in MCM10. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:5272-5286. [PMID: 32865517 PMCID: PMC7524476 DOI: 10.1172/jci134966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human natural killer cell deficiency (NKD) arises from inborn errors of immunity that lead to impaired NK cell development, function, or both. Through the understanding of the biological perturbations in individuals with NKD, requirements for the generation of terminally mature functional innate effector cells can be elucidated. Here, we report a cause of NKD resulting from compound heterozygous mutations in minichromosomal maintenance complex member 10 (MCM10) that impaired NK cell maturation in a child with fatal susceptibility to CMV. MCM10 has not been previously associated with monogenic disease and plays a critical role in the activation and function of the eukaryotic DNA replisome. Through evaluation of patient primary fibroblasts, modeling patient mutations in fibroblast cell lines, and MCM10 knockdown in human NK cell lines, we have shown that loss of MCM10 function leads to impaired cell cycle progression and induction of DNA damage-response pathways. By modeling MCM10 deficiency in primary NK cell precursors, including patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells, we further demonstrated that MCM10 is required for NK cell terminal maturation and acquisition of immunological system function. Together, these data define MCM10 as an NKD gene and provide biological insight into the requirement for the DNA replisome in human NK cell maturation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Silke Paust
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Matilde I. Conte
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ryan M. Baxley
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Megan M. Schmit
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sagar L. Patil
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nicole C. Guilz
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Malini Mukherjee
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics
| | - Ashley E. Pezzi
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics
| | - Jolanta Chmielowiec
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, and
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Swetha Tatineni
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ivan K. Chinn
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and
| | | | - Shalini N. Jhangiani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Donna M. Muzny
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Asbjørg Stray-Pedersen
- Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rachel E. Bradley
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, Wales
| | - Mo Moody
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, Wales
| | - Philip P. Connor
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, Wales
| | - Adrian G. Heaps
- Department of Virology and Immunology, North Cumbria University Hospitals, Carlisle, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Steward
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Pinaki P. Banerjee
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics
| | - Richard A. Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Malgorzata Borowiak
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, and
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
- McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - James R. Lupski
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stephen Jolles
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, Wales
| | - Anja K. Bielinsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jordan S. Orange
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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38
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CD56 as a marker of an ILC1-like population with NK cell properties that is functionally impaired in AML. Blood Adv 2020; 3:3674-3687. [PMID: 31765481 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018030478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
An understanding of natural killer (NK) cell physiology in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has led to the use of NK cell transfer in patients, demonstrating promising clinical results. However, AML is still characterized by a high relapse rate and poor overall survival. In addition to conventional NKs that can be considered the innate counterparts of CD8 T cells, another family of innate lymphocytes has been recently described with phenotypes and functions mirroring those of helper CD4 T cells. Here, in blood and tissues, we identified a CD56+ innate cell population harboring mixed transcriptional and phenotypic attributes of conventional helper innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and lytic NK cells. These CD56+ ILC1-like cells possess strong cytotoxic capacities that are impaired in AML patients at diagnosis but are restored upon remission. Their cytotoxicity is KIR independent and relies on the expression of TRAIL, NKp30, NKp80, and NKG2A. However, the presence of leukemic blasts, HLA-E-positive cells, and/or transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) strongly affect their cytotoxic potential, at least partially by reducing the expression of cytotoxic-related molecules. Notably, CD56+ ILC1-like cells are also present in the NK cell preparations used in NK transfer-based clinical trials. Overall, we identified an NK cell-related CD56+ ILC population involved in tumor immunosurveillance in humans, and we propose that restoring their functions with anti-NKG2A antibodies and/or small molecules inhibiting TGF-β1 might represent a novel strategy for improving current immunotherapies.
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39
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Abdi K, Thomas LM, Laky K, Abshari M, Matzinger P, Long EO. Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cell Cultures from RAG -/- Mice Include IFN-γ-Producing NK Cells. Immunohorizons 2020; 4:415-419. [PMID: 32665300 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in the initiation of an immune response and are known as "professional" APCs because of their ability to activate naive T cells. A widely used method to generate DCs in vitro is to culture bone marrow (BM) cells or blood monocytes in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4. In this study, we show that a small population of NK cells residing in the BM of RAG-/-, but not RAG-/- γc chain-/- mice, remain in the DC culture and is the source of IFN-γ produced after stimulation with LPS. These cells, which may represent early promoters of LPS-induced responses, have to be taken into account when interpreting experiments using BM-derived DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Abdi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852;
| | - L Michael Thomas
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852
| | - Karen Laky
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Mehrnoosh Abshari
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Polly Matzinger
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852
| | - Eric O Long
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852
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40
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Netea MG, Domínguez-Andrés J, Barreiro LB, Chavakis T, Divangahi M, Fuchs E, Joosten LAB, van der Meer JWM, Mhlanga MM, Mulder WJM, Riksen NP, Schlitzer A, Schultze JL, Stabell Benn C, Sun JC, Xavier RJ, Latz E. Defining trained immunity and its role in health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2020; 20:375-388. [PMID: 32132681 PMCID: PMC7186935 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-0285-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1258] [Impact Index Per Article: 314.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immune memory is a defining feature of the acquired immune system, but activation of the innate immune system can also result in enhanced responsiveness to subsequent triggers. This process has been termed ‘trained immunity’, a de facto innate immune memory. Research in the past decade has pointed to the broad benefits of trained immunity for host defence but has also suggested potentially detrimental outcomes in immune-mediated and chronic inflammatory diseases. Here we define ‘trained immunity’ as a biological process and discuss the innate stimuli and the epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming events that shape the induction of trained immunity. Here a group of leaders in the field define our current understanding of ‘trained immunity’, which refers to the memory-type responses that occur in the innate immune system. The authors discuss our current understanding of the key epigenetic and metabolic processes involved in trained immunity and consider its relevance in immune-mediated diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands. .,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands. .,Department of Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Jorge Domínguez-Andrés
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Luis B Barreiro
- Department of Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Genetics Section, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maziar Divangahi
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McGill International TB Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jos W M van der Meer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Musa M Mhlanga
- Division of Chemical and Systems Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Gene Expression and Biophysics Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Willem J M Mulder
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Niels P Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Andreas Schlitzer
- Myeloid Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- Department of Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christine Stabell Benn
- Bandim Health Project, OPEN, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. .,Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA. .,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany.
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41
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Kee BL, Morman RE, Sun M. Transcriptional regulation of natural killer cell development and maturation. Adv Immunol 2020; 146:1-28. [PMID: 32327150 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer cells are lymphocytes that respond rapidly to intracellular pathogens or cancer/stressed cells by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines or chemokines and by killing target cells through direct cytolysis. NK cells are distinct from B and T lymphocytes in that they become activated through a series of broadly expressed germ line encoded activating and inhibitory receptors or through the actions of inflammatory cytokines. They are the founding member of the innate lymphoid cell family, which mirror the functions of T lymphocytes, with NK cells being the innate counterpart to CD8 T lymphocytes. Despite the functional relationship between NK cells and CD8 T cells, the mechanisms controlling their specification, differentiation and maturation are distinct, with NK cells emerging from multipotent lymphoid progenitors in the bone marrow under the control of a unique transcriptional program. Over the past few years, substantial progress has been made in understanding the developmental pathways and the factors involved in generating mature and functional NK cells. NK cells have immense therapeutic potential and understanding how to acquire large numbers of functional cells and how to endow them with potent activity to control hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic malignancies and autoimmunity is a major clinical goal. In this review, we examine basic aspects of conventional NK cell development in mice and humans and discuss multiple transcription factors that are known to guide the development of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara L Kee
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Rosmary E Morman
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mengxi Sun
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Themeli M, Chhatta A, Boersma H, Prins HJ, Cordes M, de Wilt E, Farahani AS, Vandekerckhove B, van der Burg M, Hoeben RC, Staal FJT, Mikkers HMM. iPSC-Based Modeling of RAG2 Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Reveals Multiple T Cell Developmental Arrests. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 14:300-311. [PMID: 31956083 PMCID: PMC7013232 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
RAG2 severe combined immune deficiency (RAG2-SCID) is a lethal disorder caused by the absence of functional T and B cells due to a differentiation block. Here, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a RAG2-SCID patient to study the nature of the T cell developmental blockade. We observed a strongly reduced capacity to differentiate at every investigated stage of T cell development, from early CD7−CD5− to CD4+CD8+. The impaired differentiation was accompanied by an increase in CD7−CD56+CD33+ natural killer (NK) cell-like cells. T cell receptor D rearrangements were completely absent in RAG2SCID cells, whereas the rare T cell receptor B rearrangements were likely the result of illegitimate rearrangements. Repair of RAG2 restored the capacity to induce T cell receptor rearrangements, normalized T cell development, and corrected the NK cell-like phenotype. In conclusion, we succeeded in generating an iPSC-based RAG2-SCID model, which enabled the identification of previously unrecognized disorder-related T cell developmental roadblocks. RAG2-SCID cells show impaired differentiation at several stages of T cell development RAG2-SCID T and NK cells fail to undergo legitimate RAG-driven TCR rearrangements RAG2-SCID cells exhibit a skewed differentiation toward NK cell-like cells RAG2-SCID phenotype is rescued by gene correction
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Themeli
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Amiet Chhatta
- Department of Immunohematology & Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Hester Boersma
- Department of Cell & Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Jan Prins
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Cordes
- Department of Immunohematology & Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin de Wilt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZC, The Netherlands
| | - Aïda Shahrabi Farahani
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Vandekerckhove
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Mirjam van der Burg
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Rob C Hoeben
- Department of Cell & Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J T Staal
- Department of Immunohematology & Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Harald M M Mikkers
- Department of Cell & Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands; LUMC hiPSC Hotel, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZC, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
DNA damage occurs on exposure to genotoxic agents and during physiological DNA transactions. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are particularly dangerous lesions that activate DNA damage response (DDR) kinases, leading to initiation of a canonical DDR (cDDR). This response includes activation of cell cycle checkpoints and engagement of pathways that repair the DNA DSBs to maintain genomic integrity. In adaptive immune cells, programmed DNA DSBs are generated at precise genomic locations during the assembly and diversification of lymphocyte antigen receptor genes. In innate immune cells, the production of genotoxic agents, such as reactive nitrogen molecules, in response to pathogens can also cause genomic DNA DSBs. These DSBs in adaptive and innate immune cells activate the cDDR. However, recent studies have demonstrated that they also activate non-canonical DDRs (ncDDRs) that regulate cell type-specific processes that are important for innate and adaptive immune responses. Here, we review these ncDDRs and discuss how they integrate with other signals during immune system development and function.
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44
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Wu Z, Subramanian N, Jacobsen EM, Laib Sampaio K, van der Merwe J, Hönig M, Mertens T. NK Cells from RAG- or DCLRE1C-Deficient Patients Inhibit HCMV. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7110546. [PMID: 31717670 PMCID: PMC6920872 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The recombination-activating genes (RAGs) and the DNA cross-link repair 1C gene (DCLRE1C) encode the enzymes RAG1, RAG2 and Artemis. They are critical components of the V(D)J recombination machinery. V(D)J recombination is well known as a prerequisite for the development and antigen diversity of T and B cells. New findings suggested that RAG deficiency impacts the cellular fitness and function of murine NK cells. It is not known whether NK cells from severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) patients with defective RAGs or DCLRE1C (RAGs−/DCLRE1C−-NK) are active against virus infections. Here, we evaluated the anti-HCMV activity of RAGs−/DCLRE1C−-NK cells. NK cells from six SCID patients were functional in inhibiting HCMV transmission between cells in vitro. We also investigated the expansion of HCMV-induced NK cell subset in the RAG- or DCLRE1C-deficient patients. A dynamic expansion of NKG2C+ NK cells in one RAG-2-deficient patient was observed post HCMV acute infection. Our study firstly reveals the antiviral activity of human RAGs−/ DCLRE1C−-NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeguang Wu
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Eva-Maria Jacobsen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Manfred Hönig
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Mertens
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-731-500-65101; Fax: +49-731-500-65102
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45
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Bai L, Peng H, Hao X, Tang L, Sun C, Zheng M, Liu F, Lian Z, Bai L, Wei H, Sun R, Tian Z. CD8 + T Cells Promote Maturation of Liver-Resident NK Cells Through the CD70-CD27 axis. Hepatology 2019; 70:1804-1815. [PMID: 31077406 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Liver-resident natural killer (LrNK) cells are a unique subset of NK cells that are distinct from conventional NK cells. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which LrNK cells mature. In this study, we discovered that LrNK cells exhibit a relatively immature phenotype and impaired cytotoxic capacity in the absence of CD8+ T cells. The provision of CD8+ T cells to Cd8-/- or Rag1-/- mice led to the restoration of LrNK cell maturation. Furthermore, co-culture with CD8+ T cells induced immature CD27+ LrNK cells to convert into mature CD27- LrNK cells, whereas blocking the interaction of CD70 and CD27 abrogated the ability of CD8+ T cells to promote the maturation of LrNK cells. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that CD8+ T cells promote the maturation of LrNK cells through the CD70-CD27 axis, and therefore highlight a previously unknown mechanism responsible for the mediation of LrNK cell maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Bai
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Institue of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Institue of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaolei Hao
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Institue of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Institue of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Cheng Sun
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Institue of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Organ Transplant Center & Immunology Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Meijuan Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fubao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhexiong Lian
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Institue of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li Bai
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Institue of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Haiming Wei
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Institue of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Institue of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Institue of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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46
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Ivanova DL, Mundhenke TM, Gigley JP. The IL-12- and IL-23-Dependent NK Cell Response Is Essential for Protective Immunity against Secondary Toxoplasma gondii Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2944-2958. [PMID: 31604804 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
NK cells can develop cell-intrinsic memory-like characteristics. Whether they develop these characteristics during Toxoplasma gondii infection is unknown. We addressed this question and dissected the mechanisms involved in secondary NK cell responses using a vaccine-challenge mouse model of T. gondii infection. NK cells were required for control of and survival after secondary T. gondii infection. NK cells increased in number at the reinfection site and produced IFN-γ. To test if these T. gondii experienced NK cells were intrinsically different from naive NK cells, we performed NK cell adoptive transfer into RAG2/cγ-chain-/- mice, NK cell fate mapping, and RAG1-/- mice vaccine-challenge experiments. Although NK cells contributed to immunity after reinfection, they did not develop cell-intrinsic memory-like characteristics after T. gondii vaccination. The mechanisms required for generating these secondary NK cell responses were investigated. Secondary NK cell responses were CD4+ or CD8+ T cell independent. Although IL-12 alone is required for NK cell IFN-γ production during primary T. gondii infection, in the absence of IL-12 using IL-12p35-/- mice or anti-IL-12p70, secondary NK cell responses were only partially reduced after reinfection. IL-23 depletion with anti-IL-23p19 in vivo also significantly reduced the secondary NK cell response. IL-12 and IL-23 blockade with anti-IL-12p40 treatment completely eliminated secondary NK cell responses. Importantly, blockade of IL-12, IL-23, or both significantly reduced control of parasite reinfection and increased parasite burden. Our results define a previously unknown protective role for NK cells during secondary T. gondii infection that is dependent on IL-12 and IL-23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria L Ivanova
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | | | - Jason P Gigley
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
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47
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Bulkhi AA, Dasso JF, Schuetz C, Walter JE. Approaches to patients with variants in RAG genes: from diagnosis to timely treatment. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2019; 15:1033-1046. [PMID: 31535575 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2020.1670060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Patients with primary immunodeficiency secondary to abnormal recombinase activating genes (RAG) can present with broad clinical phenotypes ranging from early severe infections to autoimmune complications and inflammation. Immunological phenotype may also vary from T-B- severe combined immunodeficiency to combined immunodeficiency or antibody deficiencies with near-normal T and B cell counts and even preserved specific antibody response to pathogens. It is not uncommon that RAG variants of uncertain significance are identified by serendipity during a broad genetic screening process and pathogenic RAG variants are increasingly recognized among all age groups, including adults. Establishing the pathogenicity and clinical relevance of novel RAG variants can be challenging since RAG genes are highly polymorphic. This review paper aims to summarize clinical phenotypes of RAG deficiencies and provide practical guidance for confirming the direct link between specific RAG variants and clinical disease. Lastly, we will review the current understanding of treatment option for patients with varying severity of RAG deficiencies. Area covered: This review discusses the different phenotypes and immunological aspects of RAG deficiencies, the diagnosis dilemma facing clinicians, and an overview of current and advancement in treatments. Expert opinion: A careful analysis of immunological and clinical data and their correlation with genetic findings helps to determine the significance of the genetic polymorphism. Advances in functional assays, as well as anti-cytokine antibodies, make it easier to resolve the diagnostic dilemma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeeb A Bulkhi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University , Makkah , Saudi Arabia.,Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Joseph F Dasso
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Catharina Schuetz
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Jolan E Walter
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA.,Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital , St. Petersburg , FL , USA.,Division of Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children , Boston , MA , USA
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48
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Di Luccia B, Gilfillan S, Cella M, Colonna M, Huang SCC. ILC3s integrate glycolysis and mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species to fulfill activation demands. J Exp Med 2019; 216:2231-2241. [PMID: 31296736 PMCID: PMC6781001 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are the innate counterparts of Th17 that require the transcription factor RORγt for development and contribute to the defense against pathogens through IL-22 and IL-17 secretion. Proliferation and effector functions of Th17 require a specific mTOR-dependent metabolic program that utilizes high-rate glycolysis, while mitochondrial lipid oxidation and production of reactive oxygen species (mROS) support alternative T reg cell differentiation. Whether ILC3s employ a specific metabolic program is not known. Here, we find that ILC3s rely on mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) for proliferation and production of IL-22 and IL-17A after in vitro activation and Citrobacter rodentium infection. mTORC1 induces activation of HIF1α, which reprograms ILC3 metabolism toward glycolysis and sustained expression of RORγt. However, in contrast to Th17, ILC3 activation requires mROS production; rather than inducing an alternative regulatory fate as it does in CD4 T cells, mROS stabilizes HIF1α and RORγt in ILC3s and thereby promotes their activation. We conclude that ILC3 activation relies on a metabolic program that integrates glycolysis with mROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanda Di Luccia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Susan Gilfillan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Marina Cella
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Stanley Ching-Cheng Huang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
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49
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Novoa B, Pereiro P, López‐Muñoz A, Varela M, Forn‐Cuní G, Anchelin M, Dios S, Romero A, Martinez‐López A, Medina‐Gali RM, Collado M, Coll J, Estepa A, Cayuela ML, Mulero V, Figueras A. Rag1 immunodeficiency-induced early aging and senescence in zebrafish are dependent on chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e13020. [PMID: 31348603 PMCID: PMC6718522 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1) plays a crucial role in adaptive immunity, generating a vast range of immunoglobulins. Rag1−/− zebrafish (Danio rerio) are viable and reach adulthood without obvious signs of infectious disease in standard nonsterile conditions, suggesting that innate immunity could be enhanced to compensate for the lack of adaptive immunity. By using microarray analysis, we confirmed that the expression of immunity‐ and apoptosis‐related genes was increased in the rag1−/− fish. This tool also allows us to notice alterations of the DNA repair and cell cycle mechanisms in rag1−/− zebrafish. Several senescence and aging markers were analyzed. In addition to the lower lifespan of rag1−/− zebrafish compared to their wild‐type (wt) siblings, rag1−/− showed a higher incidence of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, a greater amount of phosphorylated histone H2AX, oxidative stress and decline of the antioxidant mechanisms, an upregulated expression and activity of senescence‐related genes and senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase, respectively, diminished telomere length, and abnormal self‐renewal and repair capacities in the retina and liver. Metabolomic analysis also demonstrated clear differences between wt and rag1−/− fish, as was the deficiency of the antioxidant metabolite l‐acetylcarnitine (ALCAR) in rag1−/− fish. Therefore, Rag1 activity does not seem to be limited to V(D)J recombination but is also involved in senescence and aging. Furthermore, we confirmed the senolytic effect of ABT‐263, a known senolytic compound and, for the first time, the potential in vivo senolytic activity of the antioxidant agent ALCAR, suggesting that this metabolite is essential to avoid premature aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Novoa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Vigo Spain
| | - Patricia Pereiro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Vigo Spain
| | - Azucena López‐Muñoz
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia IMIB‐Arrixaca Murcia Spain
| | - Mónica Varela
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Vigo Spain
| | - Gabriel Forn‐Cuní
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Vigo Spain
| | - Monique Anchelin
- Grupo de Telomerasa, Cáncer y Envejecimiento, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca IMIB‐Arrixaca Murcia Spain
| | - Sonia Dios
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Vigo Spain
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Vigo Spain
| | - Alicia Martinez‐López
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC) Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH) Elche Spain
| | - Regla María Medina‐Gali
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC) Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH) Elche Spain
| | - Manuel Collado
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS) SERGAS Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Julio Coll
- Departamento de Biotecnología Instituto Nacional Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) Madrid Spain
| | - Amparo Estepa
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC) Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH) Elche Spain
| | - María Luisa Cayuela
- Grupo de Telomerasa, Cáncer y Envejecimiento, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca IMIB‐Arrixaca Murcia Spain
| | - Victoriano Mulero
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia IMIB‐Arrixaca Murcia Spain
| | - Antonio Figueras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Vigo Spain
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50
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Clark SE, Burrack KS, Jameson SC, Hamilton SE, Lenz LL. NK Cell IL-10 Production Requires IL-15 and IL-10 Driven STAT3 Activation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2087. [PMID: 31552035 PMCID: PMC6736993 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells can produce IFNγ or IL-10 to regulate inflammation and immune responses but the factors driving NK cell IL-10 secretion are poorly-defined. Here, we identified NK cell-intrinsic STAT3 activation as vital for IL-10 production during both systemic Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) infection and following IL-15 cytokine/receptor complex (IL15C) treatment for experimental cerebral malaria (ECM). In both contexts, conditional Stat3 deficiency in NK cells abrogated production of IL-10. Initial NK cell STAT3 phosphorylation was driven by IL-15. During Lm infection, this required capture or presentation of IL-15 by NK cell IL-15Rα. Persistent STAT3 activation was required to drive measurable IL-10 secretion and required NK cell expression of IL-10Rα. Survival-promoting effects of IL-15C treatment in ECM were dependent on NK cell Stat3 while NK cell-intrinsic deficiency for Stat3, Il15ra, or Il10ra abrogated NK cell IL-10 production and increased resistance against Lm. NK cell Stat3 deficiency did not impact production of IFNγ, indicating the STAT3 activation initiated by IL-15 and amplified by IL-10 selectively drives the production of anti-inflammatory IL-10 by responding NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Clark
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kristina S Burrack
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Stephen C Jameson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Sara E Hamilton
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Laurel L Lenz
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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