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Li T, Gui X, Li B, Hu X, Wang Y. LSP1 promotes the progression of acute myelogenous leukemia by regulating KSR/ERK signaling pathway and cell migration. Hematology 2024; 29:2330285. [PMID: 38511641 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2024.2330285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of LSP1 in the progression of acute myelogenous leukemia. In this study, we established shLSP1 cell line to analyze the function of LSP1 in AML. We observed high expression of LSP1 in AML patients, whereas it showed no expression in normal adults. Furthermore, we found that LSP1 expression was associated with disease prognosis. Our results indicate that LSP1 plays a crucial role in mediating proliferation and survival of leukemia cells through the KSR/ERK signaling pathway. Additionally, LSP1 promotes cell chemotaxis and homing by enhancing cell adhesion and migration. We also discovered that LSP1 confers chemotactic ability to leukemia cells in vivo. Finally, our study identified 12 genes related to LSP1 in AML, which indicated poor survival outcome in AML patients and were enriched in Ras and cell adhesion signaling pathways. Our results revealed that the overexpression of LSP1 is related to the activation of the KSR/ERK signaling pathway, as well as cell adhesion and migration in AML patients. Reducing LSP1 expression impair AML progression, suggesting that LSP1 may serve as a potential drug therapy target for more effective treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Li
- Department of Hematology, Hefei City First People's Hospital, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Gui
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Hematology, Hefei City First People's Hospital, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueying Hu
- Department of Hematology, Hefei City First People's Hospital, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyin Wang
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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Li Y, Yang L, Li X, Zhang X. Inhibition of GTPase KRAS G12D: a review of patent literature. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2024; 34:701-721. [PMID: 38884569 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2024.2369630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION KRAS is a critical oncogenic protein intricately involved in tumor progression, and the difficulty in targeting KRAS has led it to be classified as an 'undruggable target.' Among the various KRAS mutations, KRASG12D is highly prevalent and represents a promising therapeutic target, yet there are currently no approved inhibitors for it. AREA COVERED This review summarizes numerous patents and literature featuring inhibitors or degraders of KRASG12D through searching relevant information in PubMed, SciFinder and Web of Science databases from 2021 to February 2024, providing an overview of the research progress on inhibiting KRASG12D in terms of design strategies, chemical structures, biological activities, and clinical advancements. EXPERT OPINION Since the approval of AMG510 (Sotorasib), there has been an increasing focus on the inhibition of KRASG12D, leading to numerous reports of related inhibitors and degraders. Among them, MRTX1133, as the first KRASG12D inhibitor to enter clinical trials, has demonstrated excellent tumor suppression in various KRASG12D-bearing human tumor xenograft models. It is important to note, however, that understanding the mechanisms of acquired resistance caused by KRAS inhibition and developing additional combination therapies is crucial. Moreover, seeking covalent inhibition of KRASG12D also holds significant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Li
- Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoran Li
- Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- AceMapAI Joint Lab, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- AceMapAI Joint Lab, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Fraissenon A, Bayard C, Morin G, Benichi S, Hoguin C, Protic S, Zerbib L, Ladraa S, Firpion M, Blauwblomme T, Naggara O, Duruisseaux M, Delous M, Boitel C, Bringuier PP, Payen L, Legendre C, Kaltenbach S, Balducci E, Villarese P, Asnafi V, Bisdorff A, Guibaud L, Canaud G. Sotorasib for Vascular Malformations Associated with KRAS G12C Mutation. N Engl J Med 2024; 391:334-342. [PMID: 39018528 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2309160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
KRAS gain-of-function mutations are frequently observed in sporadic arteriovenous malformations. The mechanisms underlying the progression of such KRAS-driven malformations are still incompletely understood, and no treatments for the condition are approved. Here, we show the effectiveness of sotorasib, a specific KRAS G12C inhibitor, in reducing the volume of vascular malformations and improving survival in two mouse models carrying a mosaic Kras G12C mutation. We then administered sotorasib to two adult patients with severe KRAS G12C-related arteriovenous malformations. Both patients had rapid reductions in symptoms and arteriovenous malformation size. Targeting KRAS G12C appears to be a promising therapeutic approach for patients with KRAS G12C-related vascular malformations. (Funded by the European Research Council and others.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Fraissenon
- From Service d'Imagerie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron (A.F., L.G.), CREATIS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5220, Villeurbanne (A.F.), INSERM Unité 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (A.F., C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Université Paris Cité (C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., T.B., O.N., C.L., E.B., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Unité de Médecine Translationnelle et Thérapies Ciblées (C. Bayard, G.M., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., L.G., G.C.), Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (S.B., T.B.), Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation Adultes (C.L.), and Laboratoire d'Oncohématologie (S.K., E.B., P.V., V.A.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Département de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP (A.B.), and Service de Neuroradiologie Interventionnelle, Hôpital Sainte Anne, AP-HP (O.N.), Paris, Service de Radiologie Mère-Enfant, Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne (A.F.), the Respiratory Department and Early phase EPSILYON Est, Louis Pradel Hospital, Oncopharmacology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Unité Mixte de Recherche INSERM 1052, Center National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286 (M. Duruisseaux), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM Unité 1028, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292 (M. Delous, C. Boitel), and the Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences (L.P.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.-P.B.), Lyon, the Circulating Cancer Program, Cancer Institute (L.P.), and Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi Sites du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (L.P.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, and the Center for Innovation in Cancerology of Lyon, EA 3738, Faculty of Medicine and Maieutic Lyon Sud, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (L.P.), Oullins-Pierre-Bénite - all in France
| | - Charles Bayard
- From Service d'Imagerie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron (A.F., L.G.), CREATIS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5220, Villeurbanne (A.F.), INSERM Unité 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (A.F., C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Université Paris Cité (C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., T.B., O.N., C.L., E.B., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Unité de Médecine Translationnelle et Thérapies Ciblées (C. Bayard, G.M., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., L.G., G.C.), Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (S.B., T.B.), Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation Adultes (C.L.), and Laboratoire d'Oncohématologie (S.K., E.B., P.V., V.A.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Département de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP (A.B.), and Service de Neuroradiologie Interventionnelle, Hôpital Sainte Anne, AP-HP (O.N.), Paris, Service de Radiologie Mère-Enfant, Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne (A.F.), the Respiratory Department and Early phase EPSILYON Est, Louis Pradel Hospital, Oncopharmacology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Unité Mixte de Recherche INSERM 1052, Center National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286 (M. Duruisseaux), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM Unité 1028, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292 (M. Delous, C. Boitel), and the Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences (L.P.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.-P.B.), Lyon, the Circulating Cancer Program, Cancer Institute (L.P.), and Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi Sites du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (L.P.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, and the Center for Innovation in Cancerology of Lyon, EA 3738, Faculty of Medicine and Maieutic Lyon Sud, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (L.P.), Oullins-Pierre-Bénite - all in France
| | - Gabriel Morin
- From Service d'Imagerie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron (A.F., L.G.), CREATIS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5220, Villeurbanne (A.F.), INSERM Unité 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (A.F., C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Université Paris Cité (C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., T.B., O.N., C.L., E.B., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Unité de Médecine Translationnelle et Thérapies Ciblées (C. Bayard, G.M., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., L.G., G.C.), Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (S.B., T.B.), Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation Adultes (C.L.), and Laboratoire d'Oncohématologie (S.K., E.B., P.V., V.A.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Département de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP (A.B.), and Service de Neuroradiologie Interventionnelle, Hôpital Sainte Anne, AP-HP (O.N.), Paris, Service de Radiologie Mère-Enfant, Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne (A.F.), the Respiratory Department and Early phase EPSILYON Est, Louis Pradel Hospital, Oncopharmacology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Unité Mixte de Recherche INSERM 1052, Center National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286 (M. Duruisseaux), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM Unité 1028, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292 (M. Delous, C. Boitel), and the Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences (L.P.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.-P.B.), Lyon, the Circulating Cancer Program, Cancer Institute (L.P.), and Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi Sites du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (L.P.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, and the Center for Innovation in Cancerology of Lyon, EA 3738, Faculty of Medicine and Maieutic Lyon Sud, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (L.P.), Oullins-Pierre-Bénite - all in France
| | - Sandro Benichi
- From Service d'Imagerie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron (A.F., L.G.), CREATIS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5220, Villeurbanne (A.F.), INSERM Unité 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (A.F., C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Université Paris Cité (C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., T.B., O.N., C.L., E.B., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Unité de Médecine Translationnelle et Thérapies Ciblées (C. Bayard, G.M., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., L.G., G.C.), Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (S.B., T.B.), Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation Adultes (C.L.), and Laboratoire d'Oncohématologie (S.K., E.B., P.V., V.A.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Département de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP (A.B.), and Service de Neuroradiologie Interventionnelle, Hôpital Sainte Anne, AP-HP (O.N.), Paris, Service de Radiologie Mère-Enfant, Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne (A.F.), the Respiratory Department and Early phase EPSILYON Est, Louis Pradel Hospital, Oncopharmacology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Unité Mixte de Recherche INSERM 1052, Center National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286 (M. Duruisseaux), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM Unité 1028, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292 (M. Delous, C. Boitel), and the Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences (L.P.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.-P.B.), Lyon, the Circulating Cancer Program, Cancer Institute (L.P.), and Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi Sites du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (L.P.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, and the Center for Innovation in Cancerology of Lyon, EA 3738, Faculty of Medicine and Maieutic Lyon Sud, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (L.P.), Oullins-Pierre-Bénite - all in France
| | - Clément Hoguin
- From Service d'Imagerie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron (A.F., L.G.), CREATIS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5220, Villeurbanne (A.F.), INSERM Unité 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (A.F., C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Université Paris Cité (C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., T.B., O.N., C.L., E.B., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Unité de Médecine Translationnelle et Thérapies Ciblées (C. Bayard, G.M., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., L.G., G.C.), Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (S.B., T.B.), Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation Adultes (C.L.), and Laboratoire d'Oncohématologie (S.K., E.B., P.V., V.A.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Département de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP (A.B.), and Service de Neuroradiologie Interventionnelle, Hôpital Sainte Anne, AP-HP (O.N.), Paris, Service de Radiologie Mère-Enfant, Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne (A.F.), the Respiratory Department and Early phase EPSILYON Est, Louis Pradel Hospital, Oncopharmacology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Unité Mixte de Recherche INSERM 1052, Center National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286 (M. Duruisseaux), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM Unité 1028, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292 (M. Delous, C. Boitel), and the Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences (L.P.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.-P.B.), Lyon, the Circulating Cancer Program, Cancer Institute (L.P.), and Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi Sites du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (L.P.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, and the Center for Innovation in Cancerology of Lyon, EA 3738, Faculty of Medicine and Maieutic Lyon Sud, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (L.P.), Oullins-Pierre-Bénite - all in France
| | - Sanela Protic
- From Service d'Imagerie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron (A.F., L.G.), CREATIS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5220, Villeurbanne (A.F.), INSERM Unité 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (A.F., C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Université Paris Cité (C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., T.B., O.N., C.L., E.B., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Unité de Médecine Translationnelle et Thérapies Ciblées (C. Bayard, G.M., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., L.G., G.C.), Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (S.B., T.B.), Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation Adultes (C.L.), and Laboratoire d'Oncohématologie (S.K., E.B., P.V., V.A.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Département de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP (A.B.), and Service de Neuroradiologie Interventionnelle, Hôpital Sainte Anne, AP-HP (O.N.), Paris, Service de Radiologie Mère-Enfant, Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne (A.F.), the Respiratory Department and Early phase EPSILYON Est, Louis Pradel Hospital, Oncopharmacology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Unité Mixte de Recherche INSERM 1052, Center National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286 (M. Duruisseaux), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM Unité 1028, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292 (M. Delous, C. Boitel), and the Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences (L.P.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.-P.B.), Lyon, the Circulating Cancer Program, Cancer Institute (L.P.), and Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi Sites du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (L.P.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, and the Center for Innovation in Cancerology of Lyon, EA 3738, Faculty of Medicine and Maieutic Lyon Sud, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (L.P.), Oullins-Pierre-Bénite - all in France
| | - Lola Zerbib
- From Service d'Imagerie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron (A.F., L.G.), CREATIS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5220, Villeurbanne (A.F.), INSERM Unité 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (A.F., C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Université Paris Cité (C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., T.B., O.N., C.L., E.B., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Unité de Médecine Translationnelle et Thérapies Ciblées (C. Bayard, G.M., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., L.G., G.C.), Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (S.B., T.B.), Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation Adultes (C.L.), and Laboratoire d'Oncohématologie (S.K., E.B., P.V., V.A.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Département de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP (A.B.), and Service de Neuroradiologie Interventionnelle, Hôpital Sainte Anne, AP-HP (O.N.), Paris, Service de Radiologie Mère-Enfant, Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne (A.F.), the Respiratory Department and Early phase EPSILYON Est, Louis Pradel Hospital, Oncopharmacology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Unité Mixte de Recherche INSERM 1052, Center National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286 (M. Duruisseaux), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM Unité 1028, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292 (M. Delous, C. Boitel), and the Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences (L.P.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.-P.B.), Lyon, the Circulating Cancer Program, Cancer Institute (L.P.), and Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi Sites du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (L.P.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, and the Center for Innovation in Cancerology of Lyon, EA 3738, Faculty of Medicine and Maieutic Lyon Sud, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (L.P.), Oullins-Pierre-Bénite - all in France
| | - Sophia Ladraa
- From Service d'Imagerie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron (A.F., L.G.), CREATIS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5220, Villeurbanne (A.F.), INSERM Unité 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (A.F., C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Université Paris Cité (C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., T.B., O.N., C.L., E.B., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Unité de Médecine Translationnelle et Thérapies Ciblées (C. Bayard, G.M., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., L.G., G.C.), Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (S.B., T.B.), Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation Adultes (C.L.), and Laboratoire d'Oncohématologie (S.K., E.B., P.V., V.A.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Département de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP (A.B.), and Service de Neuroradiologie Interventionnelle, Hôpital Sainte Anne, AP-HP (O.N.), Paris, Service de Radiologie Mère-Enfant, Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne (A.F.), the Respiratory Department and Early phase EPSILYON Est, Louis Pradel Hospital, Oncopharmacology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Unité Mixte de Recherche INSERM 1052, Center National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286 (M. Duruisseaux), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM Unité 1028, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292 (M. Delous, C. Boitel), and the Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences (L.P.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.-P.B.), Lyon, the Circulating Cancer Program, Cancer Institute (L.P.), and Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi Sites du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (L.P.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, and the Center for Innovation in Cancerology of Lyon, EA 3738, Faculty of Medicine and Maieutic Lyon Sud, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (L.P.), Oullins-Pierre-Bénite - all in France
| | - Marina Firpion
- From Service d'Imagerie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron (A.F., L.G.), CREATIS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5220, Villeurbanne (A.F.), INSERM Unité 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (A.F., C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Université Paris Cité (C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., T.B., O.N., C.L., E.B., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Unité de Médecine Translationnelle et Thérapies Ciblées (C. Bayard, G.M., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., L.G., G.C.), Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (S.B., T.B.), Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation Adultes (C.L.), and Laboratoire d'Oncohématologie (S.K., E.B., P.V., V.A.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Département de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP (A.B.), and Service de Neuroradiologie Interventionnelle, Hôpital Sainte Anne, AP-HP (O.N.), Paris, Service de Radiologie Mère-Enfant, Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne (A.F.), the Respiratory Department and Early phase EPSILYON Est, Louis Pradel Hospital, Oncopharmacology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Unité Mixte de Recherche INSERM 1052, Center National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286 (M. Duruisseaux), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM Unité 1028, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292 (M. Delous, C. Boitel), and the Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences (L.P.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.-P.B.), Lyon, the Circulating Cancer Program, Cancer Institute (L.P.), and Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi Sites du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (L.P.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, and the Center for Innovation in Cancerology of Lyon, EA 3738, Faculty of Medicine and Maieutic Lyon Sud, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (L.P.), Oullins-Pierre-Bénite - all in France
| | - Thomas Blauwblomme
- From Service d'Imagerie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron (A.F., L.G.), CREATIS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5220, Villeurbanne (A.F.), INSERM Unité 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (A.F., C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Université Paris Cité (C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., T.B., O.N., C.L., E.B., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Unité de Médecine Translationnelle et Thérapies Ciblées (C. Bayard, G.M., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., L.G., G.C.), Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (S.B., T.B.), Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation Adultes (C.L.), and Laboratoire d'Oncohématologie (S.K., E.B., P.V., V.A.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Département de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP (A.B.), and Service de Neuroradiologie Interventionnelle, Hôpital Sainte Anne, AP-HP (O.N.), Paris, Service de Radiologie Mère-Enfant, Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne (A.F.), the Respiratory Department and Early phase EPSILYON Est, Louis Pradel Hospital, Oncopharmacology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Unité Mixte de Recherche INSERM 1052, Center National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286 (M. Duruisseaux), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM Unité 1028, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292 (M. Delous, C. Boitel), and the Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences (L.P.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.-P.B.), Lyon, the Circulating Cancer Program, Cancer Institute (L.P.), and Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi Sites du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (L.P.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, and the Center for Innovation in Cancerology of Lyon, EA 3738, Faculty of Medicine and Maieutic Lyon Sud, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (L.P.), Oullins-Pierre-Bénite - all in France
| | - Olivier Naggara
- From Service d'Imagerie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron (A.F., L.G.), CREATIS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5220, Villeurbanne (A.F.), INSERM Unité 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (A.F., C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Université Paris Cité (C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., T.B., O.N., C.L., E.B., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Unité de Médecine Translationnelle et Thérapies Ciblées (C. Bayard, G.M., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., L.G., G.C.), Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (S.B., T.B.), Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation Adultes (C.L.), and Laboratoire d'Oncohématologie (S.K., E.B., P.V., V.A.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Département de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP (A.B.), and Service de Neuroradiologie Interventionnelle, Hôpital Sainte Anne, AP-HP (O.N.), Paris, Service de Radiologie Mère-Enfant, Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne (A.F.), the Respiratory Department and Early phase EPSILYON Est, Louis Pradel Hospital, Oncopharmacology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Unité Mixte de Recherche INSERM 1052, Center National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286 (M. Duruisseaux), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM Unité 1028, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292 (M. Delous, C. Boitel), and the Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences (L.P.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.-P.B.), Lyon, the Circulating Cancer Program, Cancer Institute (L.P.), and Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi Sites du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (L.P.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, and the Center for Innovation in Cancerology of Lyon, EA 3738, Faculty of Medicine and Maieutic Lyon Sud, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (L.P.), Oullins-Pierre-Bénite - all in France
| | - Michael Duruisseaux
- From Service d'Imagerie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron (A.F., L.G.), CREATIS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5220, Villeurbanne (A.F.), INSERM Unité 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (A.F., C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Université Paris Cité (C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., T.B., O.N., C.L., E.B., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Unité de Médecine Translationnelle et Thérapies Ciblées (C. Bayard, G.M., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., L.G., G.C.), Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (S.B., T.B.), Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation Adultes (C.L.), and Laboratoire d'Oncohématologie (S.K., E.B., P.V., V.A.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Département de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP (A.B.), and Service de Neuroradiologie Interventionnelle, Hôpital Sainte Anne, AP-HP (O.N.), Paris, Service de Radiologie Mère-Enfant, Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne (A.F.), the Respiratory Department and Early phase EPSILYON Est, Louis Pradel Hospital, Oncopharmacology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Unité Mixte de Recherche INSERM 1052, Center National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286 (M. Duruisseaux), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM Unité 1028, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292 (M. Delous, C. Boitel), and the Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences (L.P.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.-P.B.), Lyon, the Circulating Cancer Program, Cancer Institute (L.P.), and Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi Sites du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (L.P.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, and the Center for Innovation in Cancerology of Lyon, EA 3738, Faculty of Medicine and Maieutic Lyon Sud, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (L.P.), Oullins-Pierre-Bénite - all in France
| | - Marion Delous
- From Service d'Imagerie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron (A.F., L.G.), CREATIS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5220, Villeurbanne (A.F.), INSERM Unité 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (A.F., C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Université Paris Cité (C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., T.B., O.N., C.L., E.B., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Unité de Médecine Translationnelle et Thérapies Ciblées (C. Bayard, G.M., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., L.G., G.C.), Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (S.B., T.B.), Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation Adultes (C.L.), and Laboratoire d'Oncohématologie (S.K., E.B., P.V., V.A.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Département de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP (A.B.), and Service de Neuroradiologie Interventionnelle, Hôpital Sainte Anne, AP-HP (O.N.), Paris, Service de Radiologie Mère-Enfant, Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne (A.F.), the Respiratory Department and Early phase EPSILYON Est, Louis Pradel Hospital, Oncopharmacology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Unité Mixte de Recherche INSERM 1052, Center National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286 (M. Duruisseaux), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM Unité 1028, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292 (M. Delous, C. Boitel), and the Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences (L.P.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.-P.B.), Lyon, the Circulating Cancer Program, Cancer Institute (L.P.), and Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi Sites du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (L.P.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, and the Center for Innovation in Cancerology of Lyon, EA 3738, Faculty of Medicine and Maieutic Lyon Sud, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (L.P.), Oullins-Pierre-Bénite - all in France
| | - Clothilde Boitel
- From Service d'Imagerie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron (A.F., L.G.), CREATIS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5220, Villeurbanne (A.F.), INSERM Unité 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (A.F., C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Université Paris Cité (C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., T.B., O.N., C.L., E.B., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Unité de Médecine Translationnelle et Thérapies Ciblées (C. Bayard, G.M., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., L.G., G.C.), Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (S.B., T.B.), Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation Adultes (C.L.), and Laboratoire d'Oncohématologie (S.K., E.B., P.V., V.A.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Département de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP (A.B.), and Service de Neuroradiologie Interventionnelle, Hôpital Sainte Anne, AP-HP (O.N.), Paris, Service de Radiologie Mère-Enfant, Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne (A.F.), the Respiratory Department and Early phase EPSILYON Est, Louis Pradel Hospital, Oncopharmacology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Unité Mixte de Recherche INSERM 1052, Center National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286 (M. Duruisseaux), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM Unité 1028, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292 (M. Delous, C. Boitel), and the Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences (L.P.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.-P.B.), Lyon, the Circulating Cancer Program, Cancer Institute (L.P.), and Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi Sites du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (L.P.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, and the Center for Innovation in Cancerology of Lyon, EA 3738, Faculty of Medicine and Maieutic Lyon Sud, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (L.P.), Oullins-Pierre-Bénite - all in France
| | - Pierre-Paul Bringuier
- From Service d'Imagerie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron (A.F., L.G.), CREATIS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5220, Villeurbanne (A.F.), INSERM Unité 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (A.F., C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Université Paris Cité (C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., T.B., O.N., C.L., E.B., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Unité de Médecine Translationnelle et Thérapies Ciblées (C. Bayard, G.M., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., L.G., G.C.), Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (S.B., T.B.), Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation Adultes (C.L.), and Laboratoire d'Oncohématologie (S.K., E.B., P.V., V.A.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Département de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP (A.B.), and Service de Neuroradiologie Interventionnelle, Hôpital Sainte Anne, AP-HP (O.N.), Paris, Service de Radiologie Mère-Enfant, Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne (A.F.), the Respiratory Department and Early phase EPSILYON Est, Louis Pradel Hospital, Oncopharmacology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Unité Mixte de Recherche INSERM 1052, Center National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286 (M. Duruisseaux), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM Unité 1028, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292 (M. Delous, C. Boitel), and the Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences (L.P.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.-P.B.), Lyon, the Circulating Cancer Program, Cancer Institute (L.P.), and Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi Sites du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (L.P.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, and the Center for Innovation in Cancerology of Lyon, EA 3738, Faculty of Medicine and Maieutic Lyon Sud, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (L.P.), Oullins-Pierre-Bénite - all in France
| | - Léa Payen
- From Service d'Imagerie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron (A.F., L.G.), CREATIS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5220, Villeurbanne (A.F.), INSERM Unité 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (A.F., C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Université Paris Cité (C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., T.B., O.N., C.L., E.B., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Unité de Médecine Translationnelle et Thérapies Ciblées (C. Bayard, G.M., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., L.G., G.C.), Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (S.B., T.B.), Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation Adultes (C.L.), and Laboratoire d'Oncohématologie (S.K., E.B., P.V., V.A.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Département de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP (A.B.), and Service de Neuroradiologie Interventionnelle, Hôpital Sainte Anne, AP-HP (O.N.), Paris, Service de Radiologie Mère-Enfant, Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne (A.F.), the Respiratory Department and Early phase EPSILYON Est, Louis Pradel Hospital, Oncopharmacology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Unité Mixte de Recherche INSERM 1052, Center National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286 (M. Duruisseaux), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM Unité 1028, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292 (M. Delous, C. Boitel), and the Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences (L.P.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.-P.B.), Lyon, the Circulating Cancer Program, Cancer Institute (L.P.), and Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi Sites du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (L.P.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, and the Center for Innovation in Cancerology of Lyon, EA 3738, Faculty of Medicine and Maieutic Lyon Sud, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (L.P.), Oullins-Pierre-Bénite - all in France
| | - Christophe Legendre
- From Service d'Imagerie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron (A.F., L.G.), CREATIS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5220, Villeurbanne (A.F.), INSERM Unité 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (A.F., C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Université Paris Cité (C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., T.B., O.N., C.L., E.B., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Unité de Médecine Translationnelle et Thérapies Ciblées (C. Bayard, G.M., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., L.G., G.C.), Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (S.B., T.B.), Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation Adultes (C.L.), and Laboratoire d'Oncohématologie (S.K., E.B., P.V., V.A.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Département de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP (A.B.), and Service de Neuroradiologie Interventionnelle, Hôpital Sainte Anne, AP-HP (O.N.), Paris, Service de Radiologie Mère-Enfant, Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne (A.F.), the Respiratory Department and Early phase EPSILYON Est, Louis Pradel Hospital, Oncopharmacology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Unité Mixte de Recherche INSERM 1052, Center National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286 (M. Duruisseaux), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM Unité 1028, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292 (M. Delous, C. Boitel), and the Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences (L.P.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.-P.B.), Lyon, the Circulating Cancer Program, Cancer Institute (L.P.), and Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi Sites du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (L.P.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, and the Center for Innovation in Cancerology of Lyon, EA 3738, Faculty of Medicine and Maieutic Lyon Sud, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (L.P.), Oullins-Pierre-Bénite - all in France
| | - Sophie Kaltenbach
- From Service d'Imagerie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron (A.F., L.G.), CREATIS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5220, Villeurbanne (A.F.), INSERM Unité 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (A.F., C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Université Paris Cité (C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., T.B., O.N., C.L., E.B., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Unité de Médecine Translationnelle et Thérapies Ciblées (C. Bayard, G.M., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., L.G., G.C.), Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (S.B., T.B.), Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation Adultes (C.L.), and Laboratoire d'Oncohématologie (S.K., E.B., P.V., V.A.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Département de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP (A.B.), and Service de Neuroradiologie Interventionnelle, Hôpital Sainte Anne, AP-HP (O.N.), Paris, Service de Radiologie Mère-Enfant, Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne (A.F.), the Respiratory Department and Early phase EPSILYON Est, Louis Pradel Hospital, Oncopharmacology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Unité Mixte de Recherche INSERM 1052, Center National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286 (M. Duruisseaux), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM Unité 1028, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292 (M. Delous, C. Boitel), and the Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences (L.P.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.-P.B.), Lyon, the Circulating Cancer Program, Cancer Institute (L.P.), and Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi Sites du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (L.P.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, and the Center for Innovation in Cancerology of Lyon, EA 3738, Faculty of Medicine and Maieutic Lyon Sud, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (L.P.), Oullins-Pierre-Bénite - all in France
| | - Estelle Balducci
- From Service d'Imagerie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron (A.F., L.G.), CREATIS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5220, Villeurbanne (A.F.), INSERM Unité 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (A.F., C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Université Paris Cité (C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., T.B., O.N., C.L., E.B., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Unité de Médecine Translationnelle et Thérapies Ciblées (C. Bayard, G.M., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., L.G., G.C.), Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (S.B., T.B.), Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation Adultes (C.L.), and Laboratoire d'Oncohématologie (S.K., E.B., P.V., V.A.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Département de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP (A.B.), and Service de Neuroradiologie Interventionnelle, Hôpital Sainte Anne, AP-HP (O.N.), Paris, Service de Radiologie Mère-Enfant, Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne (A.F.), the Respiratory Department and Early phase EPSILYON Est, Louis Pradel Hospital, Oncopharmacology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Unité Mixte de Recherche INSERM 1052, Center National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286 (M. Duruisseaux), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM Unité 1028, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292 (M. Delous, C. Boitel), and the Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences (L.P.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.-P.B.), Lyon, the Circulating Cancer Program, Cancer Institute (L.P.), and Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi Sites du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (L.P.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, and the Center for Innovation in Cancerology of Lyon, EA 3738, Faculty of Medicine and Maieutic Lyon Sud, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (L.P.), Oullins-Pierre-Bénite - all in France
| | - Patrick Villarese
- From Service d'Imagerie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron (A.F., L.G.), CREATIS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5220, Villeurbanne (A.F.), INSERM Unité 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (A.F., C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Université Paris Cité (C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., T.B., O.N., C.L., E.B., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Unité de Médecine Translationnelle et Thérapies Ciblées (C. Bayard, G.M., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., L.G., G.C.), Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (S.B., T.B.), Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation Adultes (C.L.), and Laboratoire d'Oncohématologie (S.K., E.B., P.V., V.A.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Département de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP (A.B.), and Service de Neuroradiologie Interventionnelle, Hôpital Sainte Anne, AP-HP (O.N.), Paris, Service de Radiologie Mère-Enfant, Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne (A.F.), the Respiratory Department and Early phase EPSILYON Est, Louis Pradel Hospital, Oncopharmacology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Unité Mixte de Recherche INSERM 1052, Center National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286 (M. Duruisseaux), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM Unité 1028, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292 (M. Delous, C. Boitel), and the Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences (L.P.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.-P.B.), Lyon, the Circulating Cancer Program, Cancer Institute (L.P.), and Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi Sites du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (L.P.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, and the Center for Innovation in Cancerology of Lyon, EA 3738, Faculty of Medicine and Maieutic Lyon Sud, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (L.P.), Oullins-Pierre-Bénite - all in France
| | - Vahid Asnafi
- From Service d'Imagerie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron (A.F., L.G.), CREATIS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5220, Villeurbanne (A.F.), INSERM Unité 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (A.F., C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Université Paris Cité (C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., T.B., O.N., C.L., E.B., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Unité de Médecine Translationnelle et Thérapies Ciblées (C. Bayard, G.M., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., L.G., G.C.), Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (S.B., T.B.), Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation Adultes (C.L.), and Laboratoire d'Oncohématologie (S.K., E.B., P.V., V.A.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Département de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP (A.B.), and Service de Neuroradiologie Interventionnelle, Hôpital Sainte Anne, AP-HP (O.N.), Paris, Service de Radiologie Mère-Enfant, Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne (A.F.), the Respiratory Department and Early phase EPSILYON Est, Louis Pradel Hospital, Oncopharmacology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Unité Mixte de Recherche INSERM 1052, Center National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286 (M. Duruisseaux), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM Unité 1028, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292 (M. Delous, C. Boitel), and the Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences (L.P.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.-P.B.), Lyon, the Circulating Cancer Program, Cancer Institute (L.P.), and Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi Sites du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (L.P.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, and the Center for Innovation in Cancerology of Lyon, EA 3738, Faculty of Medicine and Maieutic Lyon Sud, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (L.P.), Oullins-Pierre-Bénite - all in France
| | - Annouk Bisdorff
- From Service d'Imagerie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron (A.F., L.G.), CREATIS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5220, Villeurbanne (A.F.), INSERM Unité 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (A.F., C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Université Paris Cité (C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., T.B., O.N., C.L., E.B., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Unité de Médecine Translationnelle et Thérapies Ciblées (C. Bayard, G.M., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., L.G., G.C.), Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (S.B., T.B.), Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation Adultes (C.L.), and Laboratoire d'Oncohématologie (S.K., E.B., P.V., V.A.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Département de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP (A.B.), and Service de Neuroradiologie Interventionnelle, Hôpital Sainte Anne, AP-HP (O.N.), Paris, Service de Radiologie Mère-Enfant, Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne (A.F.), the Respiratory Department and Early phase EPSILYON Est, Louis Pradel Hospital, Oncopharmacology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Unité Mixte de Recherche INSERM 1052, Center National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286 (M. Duruisseaux), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM Unité 1028, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292 (M. Delous, C. Boitel), and the Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences (L.P.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.-P.B.), Lyon, the Circulating Cancer Program, Cancer Institute (L.P.), and Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi Sites du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (L.P.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, and the Center for Innovation in Cancerology of Lyon, EA 3738, Faculty of Medicine and Maieutic Lyon Sud, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (L.P.), Oullins-Pierre-Bénite - all in France
| | - Laurent Guibaud
- From Service d'Imagerie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron (A.F., L.G.), CREATIS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5220, Villeurbanne (A.F.), INSERM Unité 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (A.F., C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Université Paris Cité (C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., T.B., O.N., C.L., E.B., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Unité de Médecine Translationnelle et Thérapies Ciblées (C. Bayard, G.M., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., L.G., G.C.), Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (S.B., T.B.), Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation Adultes (C.L.), and Laboratoire d'Oncohématologie (S.K., E.B., P.V., V.A.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Département de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP (A.B.), and Service de Neuroradiologie Interventionnelle, Hôpital Sainte Anne, AP-HP (O.N.), Paris, Service de Radiologie Mère-Enfant, Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne (A.F.), the Respiratory Department and Early phase EPSILYON Est, Louis Pradel Hospital, Oncopharmacology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Unité Mixte de Recherche INSERM 1052, Center National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286 (M. Duruisseaux), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM Unité 1028, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292 (M. Delous, C. Boitel), and the Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences (L.P.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.-P.B.), Lyon, the Circulating Cancer Program, Cancer Institute (L.P.), and Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi Sites du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (L.P.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, and the Center for Innovation in Cancerology of Lyon, EA 3738, Faculty of Medicine and Maieutic Lyon Sud, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (L.P.), Oullins-Pierre-Bénite - all in France
| | - Guillaume Canaud
- From Service d'Imagerie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron (A.F., L.G.), CREATIS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5220, Villeurbanne (A.F.), INSERM Unité 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (A.F., C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Université Paris Cité (C. Bayard, G.M., S.B., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., T.B., O.N., C.L., E.B., V.A., L.G., G.C.), Unité de Médecine Translationnelle et Thérapies Ciblées (C. Bayard, G.M., C.H., S.P., L.Z., S.L., M.F., L.G., G.C.), Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique (S.B., T.B.), Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation Adultes (C.L.), and Laboratoire d'Oncohématologie (S.K., E.B., P.V., V.A.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Département de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP (A.B.), and Service de Neuroradiologie Interventionnelle, Hôpital Sainte Anne, AP-HP (O.N.), Paris, Service de Radiologie Mère-Enfant, Hôpital Nord, Saint Etienne (A.F.), the Respiratory Department and Early phase EPSILYON Est, Louis Pradel Hospital, Oncopharmacology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Unité Mixte de Recherche INSERM 1052, Center National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5286 (M. Duruisseaux), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM Unité 1028, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5292 (M. Delous, C. Boitel), and the Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences (L.P.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, and Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon (P.-P.B.), Lyon, the Circulating Cancer Program, Cancer Institute (L.P.), and Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi Sites du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (L.P.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, and the Center for Innovation in Cancerology of Lyon, EA 3738, Faculty of Medicine and Maieutic Lyon Sud, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (L.P.), Oullins-Pierre-Bénite - all in France
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4
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Yu Y, Zhang C, Sun Q, Baral S, Ding J, Zhao F, Yao Q, Gao S, Liu B, Wang D. Retinol Binding Protein 4 Serves as a Potential Tumor Biomarker and Promotes Malignant Behavior in Gastric Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2024; 16:891-908. [PMID: 39072342 PMCID: PMC11283833 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s480337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly phenotypically heterogeneous disease and is caused by a combination of factors. Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a member of a family of lipid transport proteins that are involved in the transport of substances between cells and play a crucial role in a variety of cancers. However, the expression and role of RBP4 in GC remain unknown. Methods In this study, we explored the expression, prognostic significance, immune microenvironment, drug responsiveness and function of associated signaling pathways of RBP4 in GC using web-based bioinformatics tools. Immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative PCR were utilized to analyze the tissue and cell expression levels of RBP4. CCK-8, colony formation, EDU incorporation, wound healing and transwell assays were applied to demonstrate the effect of RBP4 on GC cell function. Flow cytometric detection of apoptosis after RBP4 knockdown. Nude mice xenograft model elucidates the role of RBP4 for GC in vivo. Related proteins of the RAS signaling pathway were analyzed by employing Western blot assays. Results RBP4 is highly expressed in GC. RBP4 is closely associated with patient survival and sensitivity to a wide range of antitumor agents. Knockdown of RBP4 promoted apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and migration. RBP4 promotes GC tumorigenesis in vivo. Finally, RBP4 modulates the RAS/RAF/ERK axis. Conclusion RBP4 may promote gastric carcinogenesis and development through the RAS/RAF/ERK axis and is expected to be a novel target for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Yu
- The Yangzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Dalian Medical University, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
- General Surgery Institute of Yangzhou, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
- Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Transformation of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenkai Zhang
- General Surgery Institute of Yangzhou, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
- Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Transformation of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiannan Sun
- General Surgery Institute of Yangzhou, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
- Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Transformation of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
- Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shantanu Baral
- General Surgery Institute of Yangzhou, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
- Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Transformation of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianyue Ding
- General Surgery Institute of Yangzhou, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
- Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Transformation of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fanyu Zhao
- General Surgery Institute of Yangzhou, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
- Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Transformation of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Yao
- General Surgery Institute of Yangzhou, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
- Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Transformation of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuyang Gao
- General Surgery Institute of Yangzhou, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
- Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Transformation of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- General Surgery Institute of Yangzhou, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
- Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Transformation of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
- Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daorong Wang
- The Yangzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Dalian Medical University, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
- General Surgery Institute of Yangzhou, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
- Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Transformation of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
- Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Fischer B, Uchański T, Sheryazdanova A, Gonzalez S, Volkov AN, Brosens E, Zögg T, Kalichuk V, Ballet S, Versées W, Sablina AA, Pardon E, Wohlkönig A, Steyaert J. Allosteric nanobodies to study the interactions between SOS1 and RAS. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6214. [PMID: 39043660 PMCID: PMC11266648 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50349-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are central in cell metabolism but research tools for the structural and functional characterization of these PPIs are often missing. Here we introduce broadly applicable immunization (Cross-link PPIs and immunize llamas, ChILL) and selection strategies (Display and co-selection, DisCO) for the discovery of diverse nanobodies that either stabilize or disrupt PPIs in a single experiment. We apply ChILL and DisCO to identify competitive, connective, or fully allosteric nanobodies that inhibit or facilitate the formation of the SOS1•RAS complex and modulate the nucleotide exchange rate on this pivotal GTPase in vitro as well as RAS signalling in cellulo. One of these connective nanobodies fills a cavity that was previously identified as the binding pocket for a series of therapeutic lead compounds. The long complementarity-determining region (CDR3) that penetrates this binding pocket serves as pharmacophore for extending the repertoire of potential leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Fischer
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, Pessac, France
- European Institute of Chemistry and Biology (IECB), 2 rue Robert Escarpit, Pessac, France
| | - Tomasz Uchański
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aidana Sheryazdanova
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Simon Gonzalez
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexander N Volkov
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium
- Jean Jeener NMR Centre, VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elke Brosens
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Zögg
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valentina Kalichuk
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steven Ballet
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wim Versées
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anna A Sablina
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Els Pardon
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Wohlkönig
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jan Steyaert
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium.
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium.
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6
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Cardona P, Dutta S, Houk B. Impact of a High-Fat Meal on the Pharmacokinetics of Sotorasib, a KRAS G12C Inhibitor. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2024. [PMID: 39016337 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Sotorasib is a small molecule drug that specifically and irreversibly inhibits the KRAS p.G12C mutant protein. This analysis investigated the impact of a high-calorie high-fat meal on the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of sotorasib in both healthy volunteers and patients with KRAS G12C advanced solid tumors. Each subject received a single oral dose of 360 or 960 mg of sotorasib under fasted conditions or with a high-fat meal (fed conditions). The geometric least squares means (GLSM) ratios (fed/fasted) for 360 mg of sotorasib Cmax and AUCinf were 1.03 and 1.38, respectively, in healthy volunteers (N = 14). The GLSM ratios (fed/fasted) for Cmax and AUC0-24h were 1.38 and 1.75, respectively, with 360 mg of sotorasib in cancer patients (N = 2). The GLSM ratios (fed/fasted) for Cmax and AUC0-24h were 0.660 and 1.25, respectively, with 960 mg of sotorasib in cancer patients (N = 8). Sotorasib was well tolerated in fast and fed conditions. The impact of a high-fat meal on sotorasib exposure is less than a 2-fold increase or decrease in Cmax and AUCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panli Cardona
- Clinical Pharmacology, Modeling and Simulation, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Sandeep Dutta
- Clinical Pharmacology, Modeling and Simulation, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Brett Houk
- Clinical Pharmacology, Modeling and Simulation, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
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7
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Ren H, Lee AA, Lew LJN, DeGrandchamp JB, Groves JT. Positive feedback in Ras activation by full-length SOS arises from autoinhibition release mechanism. Biophys J 2024:S0006-3495(24)00473-9. [PMID: 39021073 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Signaling through the Ras-MAPK pathway can exhibit switch-like activation, which has been attributed to the underlying positive feedback and bimodality in the activation of RasGDP to RasGTP by SOS. SOS contains both catalytic and allosteric Ras binding sites, and a common assumption is that allosteric activation selectively by RasGTP provides the mechanism of positive feedback. However, recent single-molecule studies have revealed that SOS catalytic rates are independent of the nucleotide state of Ras in the allosteric binding site, raising doubt about this as a positive feedback mechanism. Here, we perform detailed kinetic analyses of receptor-mediated recruitment of full-length SOS to the membrane while simultaneously monitoring its catalytic activation of Ras. These results, along with kinetic modeling, expose the autoinhibition release step in SOS, rather than either recruitment or allosteric activation, as the underlying mechanism giving rise to positive feedback in Ras activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Albert A Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - L J Nugent Lew
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | | | - Jay T Groves
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California; Division of Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California.
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8
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Ma X, Sloman DL, Duggal R, Anderson KD, Ballard JE, Bharathan I, Brynczka C, Gathiaka S, Henderson TJ, Lyons TW, Miller R, Munsell EV, Orth P, Otte RD, Palani A, Rankic DA, Robinson MR, Sather AC, Solban N, Song XS, Wen X, Xu Z, Yang Y, Yang R, Day PJ, Stoeck A, Bennett DJ, Han Y. Discovery of MK-1084: An Orally Bioavailable and Low-Dose KRAS G12C Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2024; 67:11024-11052. [PMID: 38924388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Oncogenic mutations in the RAS gene account for 30% of all human tumors; more than 60% of which present as KRAS mutations at the hotspot codon 12. After decades of intense pursuit, a covalent inhibition strategy has enabled selective targeting of this previously "undruggable" target. Herein, we disclose our journey toward the discovery of MK-1084, an orally bioavailable and low-dose KRASG12C covalent inhibitor currently in phase I clinical trials (NCT05067283). We leveraged structure-based drug design to identify a macrocyclic core structure, and hypothesis-driven optimization of biopharmaceutical properties to further improve metabolic stability and tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshen Ma
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - David L Sloman
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Ruchia Duggal
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, Metabolism and Bioanalytics, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Kenneth D Anderson
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, Metabolism and Bioanalytics, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Jeanine E Ballard
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, Metabolism and Bioanalytics, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Indu Bharathan
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Christopher Brynczka
- Department of Nonclinical Drug Safety, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Symon Gathiaka
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Timothy J Henderson
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Thomas W Lyons
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Richard Miller
- Department of Discovery Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Erik V Munsell
- Department of Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Peter Orth
- Department of Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Ryan D Otte
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Anandan Palani
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Danica A Rankic
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Michelle R Robinson
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, Metabolism and Bioanalytics, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Aaron C Sather
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Nicolas Solban
- Department of Discovery Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Xuelei Sherry Song
- Department of Discovery Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Zangwei Xu
- Department of Discovery Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Discovery Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Ruojing Yang
- Department of Discovery Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Phil J Day
- Department of Structural Biology, Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Alexander Stoeck
- Department of Discovery Biology, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - David Jonathan Bennett
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Yongxin Han
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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9
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Lombard V, Grudinin S, Laine E. Explaining Conformational Diversity in Protein Families through Molecular Motions. Sci Data 2024; 11:752. [PMID: 38987561 PMCID: PMC11237097 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03524-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteins play a central role in biological processes, and understanding their conformational variability is crucial for unraveling their functional mechanisms. Recent advancements in high-throughput technologies have enhanced our knowledge of protein structures, yet predicting their multiple conformational states and motions remains challenging. This study introduces Dimensionality Analysis for protein Conformational Exploration (DANCE) for a systematic and comprehensive description of protein families conformational variability. DANCE accommodates both experimental and predicted structures. It is suitable for analysing anything from single proteins to superfamilies. Employing it, we clustered all experimentally resolved protein structures available in the Protein Data Bank into conformational collections and characterized them as sets of linear motions. The resource facilitates access and exploitation of the multiple states adopted by a protein and its homologs. Beyond descriptive analysis, we assessed classical dimensionality reduction techniques for sampling unseen states on a representative benchmark. This work improves our understanding of how proteins deform to perform their functions and opens ways to a standardised evaluation of methods designed to sample and generate protein conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Lombard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IBPS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative (LCQB), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sergei Grudinin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LJK, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Elodie Laine
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IBPS, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative (LCQB), 75005, Paris, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France.
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10
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Oya Y, Imaizumi K, Mitsudomi T. The next-generation KRAS inhibitors…What comes after sotorasib and adagrasib? Lung Cancer 2024; 194:107886. [PMID: 39047616 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2024.107886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) is one of the first driver oncogenes identified in human cancer in the early 1980s. However, it has been deemed 'undruggable' for nearly four decades until the discovery of KRAS G12C covalent inhibitors, which marked a pivotal breakthrough. Currently, sotorasib and adagrasib have been approved by the US FDA to treat patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring KRAS G12C mutation. However, their efficacy is somewhat limited compared to that of other targeted therapies owing to intrinsic resistance or early acquisition of resistance. While G12C is the predominant subtype of KRAS mutations in NSCLC, G12D/V is prevalent in colorectal and pancreatic cancers. These facts have spurred active research to develop more potent KRAS G12C inhibitors as well as inhibitors targeting non-G12C KRAS mutations. Novel approaches, such as molecular shielding or targeted protein degradation, are also under development. Combining KRAS inhibitors with inhibitors of the receptor-tyrosine kinase-RAS-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is underway to counteract redundant feedback mechanisms. Additionally, immunological approaches utilizing T-cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cell therapy or vaccines, and Hapimmune antibodies are ongoing. This review delineates the recent advancements in KRAS inhibitor development in the post-sotorasib/adagrasib era, with a focus on NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Oya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujita Health University, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuya Mitsudomi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Izumi City General Hospital, Japan; Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Japan.
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11
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Mozzarelli AM, Simanshu DK, Castel P. Functional and structural insights into RAS effector proteins. Mol Cell 2024:S1097-2765(24)00534-3. [PMID: 39025071 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
RAS proteins are conserved guanosine triphosphate (GTP) hydrolases (GTPases) that act as molecular binary switches and play vital roles in numerous cellular processes. Upon GTP binding, RAS GTPases adopt an active conformation and interact with specific proteins termed RAS effectors that contain a conserved ubiquitin-like domain, thereby facilitating downstream signaling. Over 50 effector proteins have been identified in the human proteome, and many have been studied as potential mediators of RAS-dependent signaling pathways. Biochemical and structural analyses have provided mechanistic insights into these effectors, and studies using model organisms have complemented our understanding of their role in physiology and disease. Yet, many critical aspects regarding the dynamics and biological function of RAS-effector complexes remain to be elucidated. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms and functions of known RAS effector proteins, provide structural perspectives on RAS-effector interactions, evaluate their significance in RAS-mediated signaling, and explore their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro M Mozzarelli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Laura and Isaac Perlmutter NYU Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dhirendra K Simanshu
- NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Pau Castel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Laura and Isaac Perlmutter NYU Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
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12
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Guruvaiah P, Gupta R. IκBα kinase inhibitor BAY 11-7082 promotes anti-tumor effect in RAS-driven cancers. J Transl Med 2024; 22:642. [PMID: 38982514 PMCID: PMC11233160 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05384-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncogenic mutations in the RAS gene are associated with uncontrolled cell growth, a hallmark feature contributing to tumorigenesis. While diverse therapeutic strategies have been diligently applied to treat RAS-mutant cancers, successful targeting of the RAS gene remains a persistent challenge in the field of cancer therapy. In our study, we discover a promising avenue for addressing this challenge. METHODS In this study, we tested the viability of several cell lines carrying oncogenic NRAS, KRAS, and HRAS mutations upon treatment with IkappaBalpha (IκBα) inhibitor BAY 11-7082. We performed both cell culture-based viability assay and in vivo subcutaneous xenograft-based assay to confirm the growth inhibitory effect of BAY 11-7082. We also performed large RNA sequencing analysis to identify differentially regulated genes and pathways in the context of oncogenic NRAS, KRAS, and HRAS mutations upon treatment with BAY 11-7082. RESULTS We demonstrate that oncogenic NRAS, KRAS, and HRAS activate the expression of IκBα kinase. BAY 11-7082, an inhibitor of IκBα kinase, attenuates the growth of NRAS, KRAS, and HRAS mutant cancer cells in cell culture and in mouse model. Mechanistically, BAY 11-7082 inhibitor treatment leads to suppression of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and activation of apoptosis in all RAS mutant cell lines. Additionally, we find that BAY 11-7082 treatment results in the downregulation of different biological pathways depending upon the type of RAS protein that may also contribute to tumor growth inhibition. CONCLUSION Our study identifies BAY 11-7082 to be an efficacious inhibitor for treating RAS oncogene (HRAS, KRAS, and NRAS) mutant cancer cells. This finding provides new therapeutic opportunity for effective treatment of RAS-mutant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Guruvaiah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Romi Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
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13
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Steffen CL, Manoharan GB, Pavic K, Yeste-Vázquez A, Knuuttila M, Arora N, Zhou Y, Härmä H, Gaigneaux A, Grossmann TN, Abankwa DK. Identification of an H-Ras nanocluster disrupting peptide. Commun Biol 2024; 7:837. [PMID: 38982284 PMCID: PMC11233548 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06523-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperactive Ras signalling is found in most cancers. Ras proteins are only active in membrane nanoclusters, which are therefore potential drug targets. We previously showed that the nanocluster scaffold galectin-1 (Gal1) enhances H-Ras nanoclustering via direct interaction with the Ras binding domain (RBD) of Raf. Here, we establish that the B-Raf preference of Gal1 emerges from the divergence of the Raf RBDs at their proposed Gal1-binding interface. We then identify the L5UR peptide, which disrupts this interaction by binding with low micromolar affinity to the B- and C-Raf-RBDs. Its 23-mer core fragment is sufficient to interfere with H-Ras nanoclustering, modulate Ras-signalling and moderately reduce cell viability. These latter two phenotypic effects may also emerge from the ability of L5UR to broadly engage with several RBD- and RA-domain containing Ras interactors. The L5UR-peptide core fragment is a starting point for the development of more specific reagents against Ras-nanoclustering and -interactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candy Laura Steffen
- Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Ganesh Babu Manoharan
- Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Karolina Pavic
- Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alejandro Yeste-Vázquez
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matias Knuuttila
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Neha Arora
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, UT Health, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, UT Health, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Harri Härmä
- Chemistry of Drug Development, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, 20500, Turku, Finland
| | - Anthoula Gaigneaux
- Bioinformatics Core, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 4367, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Tom N Grossmann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Kwaku Abankwa
- Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland.
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14
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Zhou C, Li C, Luo L, Li X, Jia K, He N, Mao S, Wang W, Shao C, Liu X, Huang K, Yu Y, Cai X, Chen Y, Dai Z, Li W, Yu J, Li J, Shen F, Wang Z, He F, Sun X, Mao R, Shi W, Zhang J, Jiang T, Zhang Z, Li F, Ren S. Anti-tumor efficacy of HRS-4642 and its potential combination with proteasome inhibition in KRAS G12D-mutant cancer. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:1286-1300.e8. [PMID: 38942026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
KRAS G12D is the most frequently mutated oncogenic KRAS subtype in solid tumors and remains undruggable in clinical settings. Here, we developed a high affinity, selective, long-acting, and non-covalent KRAS G12D inhibitor, HRS-4642, with an affinity constant of 0.083 nM. HRS-4642 demonstrated robust efficacy against KRAS G12D-mutant cancers both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, in a phase 1 clinical trial, HRS-4642 exhibited promising anti-tumor activity in the escalating dosing cohorts. Furthermore, the sensitization and resistance spectrum for HRS-4642 was deciphered through genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screening, which unveiled proteasome as a sensitization target. We further observed that the proteasome inhibitor, carfilzomib, improved the anti-tumor efficacy of HRS-4642. Additionally, HRS-4642, either as a single agent or in combination with carfilzomib, reshaped the tumor microenvironment toward an immune-permissive one. In summary, this study provides potential therapies for patients with KRAS G12D-mutant cancers, for whom effective treatments are currently lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Chongyang Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Pathology and Frontier Innovation Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Libo Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xin Li
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Keyi Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ning He
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shiqi Mao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wanying Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chuchu Shao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Kan Huang
- Department of Pathology and Frontier Innovation Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yaxin Yu
- Department of Pathology and Frontier Innovation Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinlei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 100049, China
| | - Yingxue Chen
- Department of Pathology and Frontier Innovation Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zican Dai
- Department of Pathology and Frontier Innovation Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Feng Shen
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zaiyong Wang
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Feng He
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xing Sun
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Rongfu Mao
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Pathology and Frontier Innovation Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Shengxiang Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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15
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Loganathan T, George Priya Doss C. Biomarker identification of medullary thyroid carcinoma from gene expression profiles considering without-treatment and with-treatment studies-A bioinformatics approach. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 142:367-396. [PMID: 39059991 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a neuroendocrine tumor derived from parafollicular thyroid gland cells. In both hereditary MTC and sporadic forms, genetic changes result in fundamental changes, and prognosis and mutational status are highly correlated. In this work, biomarker genes (DEGs and DEmiRNAs) for MTC will be computationally identified in order to help in their diagnosis and treatment. The gene expression profiles of two different types of studies, namely without-treatment (wo-trt) and with-treatment (w-trt), are considered for discovering biomarkers. The datasets were retrieved from the GEO database, and the DEGs and DEmiRNAs were analyzed using ExpressAnalyst and GEO2R. The functional analysis of DEGs and DEmiRNAs was performed, and most of the pathways enriched related to thyroid oncological pathways such as MAPK pathway,mTOR pathway, and PI3K-AKT Signaling pathway. Through this conclusion, the RET gene was upregulated wo-trt; the dinaciclib treatment RET gene was down-regulated computationally. To optimize the therapeutic targeting of RET, greater research into the mechanisms regulating RET transcription is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamizhini Loganathan
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C George Priya Doss
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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16
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Zhou X, Weng SY, Bell SP, Amon A. A noncanonical GTPase signaling mechanism controls exit from mitosis in budding yeast. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.16.594582. [PMID: 38798491 PMCID: PMC11118470 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.16.594582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, exit from mitosis is coupled to spindle position to ensure successful genome partitioning between mother and daughter cell. This coupling occurs through a GTPase signaling cascade known as the mitotic exit network (MEN). The MEN senses spindle position via a Ras-like GTPase Tem1 which localizes to the spindle pole bodies (SPBs, yeast equivalent of centrosomes) during anaphase and signals to its effector protein kinase Cdc15. How Tem1 couples the status of spindle position to MEN activation is not fully understood. Here, we show that Cdc15 has a relatively weak preference for Tem 1 GTP and Tem1's nucleotide state does not change upon MEN activation. Instead, we find that Tem1's nucleotide cycle establishes a localization-based concentration difference in the cell where only Tem 1 GTP is recruited to the SPB, and spindle position regulates the MEN by controlling Tem1 localization. SPB localization of Tem1 primarily functions to promote Tem1-Cdc15 interaction for MEN activation by increasing the effective concentration of Tem1. Consistent with this model, we demonstrate that artificially tethering Tem1 to the SPB or concentrating Tem1 in the cytoplasm with genetically encoded multimeric nanoparticles could bypass the requirement of Tem 1 GTP and correct spindle position for MEN activation. This localization/concentration-based GTPase signaling mechanism for Tem1 differs from the canonical Ras-like GTPase signaling paradigm and is likely relevant to other localization-based signaling scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Zhou
- Department of Biology, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Shannon Y. Weng
- Department of Biology, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Stephen P. Bell
- Department of Biology, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Angelika Amon
- Department of Biology, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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17
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Magits W, Steklov M, Jang H, Sewduth RN, Florentin A, Lechat B, Sheryazdanova A, Zhang M, Simicek M, Prag G, Nussinov R, Sablina A. K128 ubiquitination constrains RAS activity by expanding its binding interface with GAP proteins. EMBO J 2024; 43:2862-2877. [PMID: 38858602 PMCID: PMC11251195 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00146-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The RAS pathway is among the most frequently activated signaling nodes in cancer. However, the mechanisms that alter RAS activity in human pathologies are not entirely understood. The most prevalent post-translational modification within the GTPase core domain of NRAS and KRAS is ubiquitination at lysine 128 (K128), which is significantly decreased in cancer samples compared to normal tissue. Here, we found that K128 ubiquitination creates an additional binding interface for RAS GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), NF1 and RASA1, thus increasing RAS binding to GAP proteins and promoting GAP-mediated GTP hydrolysis. Stimulation of cultured cancer cells with growth factors or cytokines transiently induces K128 ubiquitination and restricts the extent of wild-type RAS activation in a GAP-dependent manner. In KRAS mutant cells, K128 ubiquitination limits tumor growth by restricting RAL/ TBK1 signaling and negatively regulating the autocrine circuit induced by mutant KRAS. Reduction of K128 ubiquitination activates both wild-type and mutant RAS signaling and elicits a senescence-associated secretory phenotype, promoting RAS-driven pancreatic tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wout Magits
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mikhail Steklov
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Laboratory of Cancer ImmunoMetabolism, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Raj N Sewduth
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amir Florentin
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry & Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Benoit Lechat
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Mingzhen Zhang
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Laboratory of Cancer ImmunoMetabolism, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Michal Simicek
- Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Gali Prag
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry & Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Laboratory of Cancer ImmunoMetabolism, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Anna Sablina
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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18
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Smith SF, Islam AFMT, Alimukhamedov S, Weiss ET, Charest PG. Molecular determinants of Ras-mTORC2 signaling. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107423. [PMID: 38815864 PMCID: PMC11255897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent research has identified the mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2 (mTORC2) as a conserved direct effector of Ras proteins. While previous studies suggested the involvement of the Switch I (SWI) effector domain of Ras in binding mTORC2 components, the regulation of the Ras-mTORC2 pathway is not entirely understood. In Dictyostelium, mTORC2 is selectively activated by the Ras protein RasC, and the RasC-mTORC2 pathway then mediates chemotaxis to cAMP and cellular aggregation by regulating the actin cytoskeleton and promoting cAMP signal relay. Here, we investigated the role of specific residues in RasC's SWI, C-terminal allosteric domain, and hypervariable region (HVR) related to mTORC2 activation. Interestingly, our results suggest that RasC SWI residue A31, which was previously implicated in RasC-mediated aggregation, regulates RasC's specific activation by the Aimless RasGEF. On the other hand, our investigation identified a crucial role for RasC SWI residue T36, with secondary contributions from E38 and allosteric domain residues. Finally, we found that conserved basic residues and the adjacent prenylation site in the HVR, which are crucial for RasC's membrane localization, are essential for RasC-mTORC2 pathway activation by allowing for both RasC's own cAMP-induced activation and its subsequent activation of mTORC2. Therefore, our findings revealed new determinants of RasC-mTORC2 pathway specificity in Dictyostelium, contributing to a deeper understanding of Ras signaling regulation in eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen F Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - A F M Tariqul Islam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Ethan T Weiss
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Pascale G Charest
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA; University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
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19
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Haertle L, Munawar U, Hernández HNC, Arroyo-Barea A, Heckel T, Cuenca I, Martin L, Höschle C, Müller N, Vogt C, Bischler T, Del Campo PL, Han S, Buenache N, Zhou X, Bassermann F, Waldschmidt J, Steinbrunn T, Rasche L, Stühmer T, Martinez-Lopez J, Martin Kortüm K, Barrio S. Clonal competition assays identify fitness signatures in cancer progression and resistance in multiple myeloma. Hemasphere 2024; 8:e110. [PMID: 38993727 PMCID: PMC11237348 DOI: 10.1002/hem3.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a genetically heterogeneous disease and the management of relapses is one of the biggest clinical challenges. TP53 alterations are established high-risk markers and are included in the current disease staging criteria. KRAS is the most frequently mutated gene affecting around 20% of MM patients. Applying Clonal Competition Assays (CCA) by co-culturing color-labeled genetically modified cell models, we recently showed that mono- and biallelic alterations in TP53 transmit a fitness advantage to the cells. Here, we report a similar dynamic for two mutations in KRAS (G12A and A146T), providing a biological rationale for the high frequency of KRAS and TP53 alterations at MM relapse. Resistance mutations, on the other hand, did not endow MM cells with a general fitness advantage but rather presented a disadvantage compared to the wild-type. CUL4B KO and IKZF1 A152T transmit resistance against immunomodulatory agents, PSMB5 A20T to proteasome inhibition. However, MM cells harboring such lesions only outcompete the culture in the presence of the respective drug. To better prevent the selection of clones with the potential of inducing relapse, these results argue in favor of treatment-free breaks or a switch of the drug class given as maintenance therapy. In summary, the fitness benefit of TP53 and KRAS mutations was not treatment-related, unlike patient-derived drug resistance alterations that may only induce an advantage under treatment. CCAs are suitable models for the study of clonal evolution and competitive (dis)advantages conveyed by a specific genetic lesion of interest, and their dependence on external factors such as the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Haertle
- Department of Internal Medicine II University Hospital Würzburg Würzburg Germany
- Department of Hematology Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Complutense University Madrid Madrid Spain
- Department of Medicine III, Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Umair Munawar
- Department of Internal Medicine II University Hospital Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Hipólito N C Hernández
- Department of Hematology Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Complutense University Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Andres Arroyo-Barea
- Department of Hematology Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Complutense University Madrid Madrid Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pharmacy School Complutense University Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Tobias Heckel
- Core Unit Systems Medicine University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Isabel Cuenca
- Department of Hematology Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Complutense University Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Lucia Martin
- Department of Hematology Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Complutense University Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Carlotta Höschle
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Nicole Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine II University Hospital Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Cornelia Vogt
- Department of Internal Medicine II University Hospital Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | | | - Paula L Del Campo
- Department of Hematology Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Complutense University Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Seungbin Han
- Department of Internal Medicine II University Hospital Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Natalia Buenache
- Department of Hematology Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Complutense University Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine II University Hospital Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Florian Bassermann
- Department of Medicine III, Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Johannes Waldschmidt
- Department of Internal Medicine II University Hospital Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Torsten Steinbrunn
- Department of Internal Medicine II University Hospital Würzburg Würzburg Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Leo Rasche
- Department of Internal Medicine II University Hospital Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Thorsten Stühmer
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken University Hospital Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Joaquin Martinez-Lopez
- Department of Hematology Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Complutense University Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - K Martin Kortüm
- Department of Internal Medicine II University Hospital Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Santiago Barrio
- Department of Hematology Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Complutense University Madrid Madrid Spain
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20
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Lin Y, Pal DS, Banerjee P, Banerjee T, Qin G, Deng Y, Borleis J, Iglesias PA, Devreotes PN. Ras suppression potentiates rear actomyosin contractility-driven cell polarization and migration. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:1062-1076. [PMID: 38951708 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01453-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Ras has been extensively studied as a promoter of cell proliferation, whereas few studies have explored its role in migration. To investigate the direct and immediate effects of Ras activity on cell motility or polarity, we focused on RasGAPs, C2GAPB in Dictyostelium amoebae and RASAL3 in HL-60 neutrophils and macrophages. In both cellular systems, optically recruiting the respective RasGAP to the cell front extinguished pre-existing protrusions and changed migration direction. However, when these respective RasGAPs were recruited uniformly to the membrane, cells polarized and moved more rapidly, whereas targeting to the back exaggerated these effects. These unexpected outcomes of attenuating Ras activity naturally had strong, context-dependent consequences for chemotaxis. The RasGAP-mediated polarization depended critically on myosin II activity and commenced with contraction at the cell rear, followed by sustained mTORC2-dependent actin polymerization at the front. These experimental results were captured by computational simulations in which Ras levels control front- and back-promoting feedback loops. The discovery that inhibiting Ras activity can produce counterintuitive effects on cell migration has important implications for future drug-design strategies targeting oncogenic Ras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyan Lin
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dhiman Sankar Pal
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Parijat Banerjee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tatsat Banerjee
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guanghui Qin
- Department of Computer Science, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jane Borleis
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pablo A Iglesias
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter N Devreotes
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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21
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Spassov DS. Binding Affinity Determination in Drug Design: Insights from Lock and Key, Induced Fit, Conformational Selection, and Inhibitor Trapping Models. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7124. [PMID: 39000229 PMCID: PMC11240957 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Binding affinity is a fundamental parameter in drug design, describing the strength of the interaction between a molecule and its target protein. Accurately predicting binding affinity is crucial for the rapid development of novel therapeutics, the prioritization of promising candidates, and the optimization of their properties through rational design strategies. Binding affinity is determined by the mechanism of recognition between proteins and ligands. Various models, including the lock and key, induced fit, and conformational selection, have been proposed to explain this recognition process. However, current computational strategies to predict binding affinity, which are based on these models, have yet to produce satisfactory results. This article explores the connection between binding affinity and these protein-ligand interaction models, highlighting that they offer an incomplete picture of the mechanism governing binding affinity. Specifically, current models primarily center on the binding of the ligand and do not address its dissociation. In this context, the concept of ligand trapping is introduced, which models the mechanisms of dissociation. When combined with the current models, this concept can provide a unified theoretical framework that may allow for the accurate determination of the ligands' binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danislav S Spassov
- Drug Design and Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
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22
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Piazza GA, Chandrasekaran P, Maxuitenko YY, Budhwani KI. Assessment of KRAS G12C inhibitors for colorectal cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1412435. [PMID: 38978742 PMCID: PMC11228624 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1412435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly prevalent and lethal cancer worldwide. Approximately 45% of CRC patients harbor a gain-in-function mutation in KRAS. KRAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene accounting for approximately 25% of all human cancers. Gene mutations in KRAS cause constitutive activation of the KRAS protein and MAPK/AKT signaling, resulting in unregulated proliferation and survival of cancer cells and other aspects of malignant transformation, progression, and metastasis. While KRAS has long been considered undruggable, the FDA recently approved two direct acting KRAS inhibitors, Sotorasib and Adagrasib, that covalently bind and inactivate KRASG12C. Both drugs showed efficacy for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) diagnosed with a KRASG12C mutation, but for reasons not well understood, were considerably less efficacious for CRC patients diagnosed with the same mutation. Thus, it is imperative to understand the basis for resistance to KRASG12C inhibitors, which will likely be the same limitations for other mutant specific KRAS inhibitors in development. This review provides an update on clinical trials involving CRC patients treated with KRASG12C inhibitors as a monotherapy or combined with other drugs. Mechanisms that contribute to resistance to KRASG12C inhibitors and the development of novel RAS inhibitors with potential to escape such mechanisms of resistance are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary A Piazza
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | | | - Yulia Y Maxuitenko
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Karim I Budhwani
- CerFlux, Birmingham, AL, United States
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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23
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Lee AA, Kim NH, Alvarez S, Ren H, DeGrandchamp JB, Lew LJN, Groves JT. Bimodality in Ras signaling originates from processivity of the Ras activator SOS without deterministic bistability. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi0707. [PMID: 38905351 PMCID: PMC11192083 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi0707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Ras is a small GTPase that is central to important functional decisions in diverse cell types. An important aspect of Ras signaling is its ability to exhibit bimodal or switch-like activity. We describe the total reconstitution of a receptor-mediated Ras activation-deactivation reaction catalyzed by SOS and p120-RasGAP on supported lipid membrane microarrays. The results reveal a bimodal Ras activation response, which is not a result of deterministic bistability but is rather driven by the distinct processivity of the Ras activator, SOS. Furthermore, the bimodal response is controlled by the condensation state of the scaffold protein, LAT, to which SOS is recruited. Processivity-driven bimodality leads to stochastic bursts of Ras activation even under strongly deactivating conditions. This behavior contrasts deterministic bistability and may be more resistant to pharmacological inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert A. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Neil H. Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Steven Alvarez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - He Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - L. J. Nugent Lew
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jay T. Groves
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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24
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Girard E, Lopes P, Spoerner M, Dhaussy AC, Prangé T, Kalbitzer HR, Colloc'h N. High Pressure Promotes Binding of the Allosteric Inhibitor Zn 2+-Cyclen in Crystals of Activated H-Ras. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400304. [PMID: 38647362 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we experimentally investigate the potency of high pressure to drive a protein toward an excited state where an inhibitor targeted for this state can bind. Ras proteins are small GTPases cycling between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. Various states of GTP-bound Ras in active conformation coexist in solution, amongst them, state 2 which binds to effectors, and state 1, weakly populated at ambient conditions, which has a low affinity for effectors. Zn2+-cyclen is an allosteric inhibitor of Ras protein, designed to bind specifically to the state 1. In H-Ras(wt).Mg2+.GppNHp crystals soaked with Zn2+-cyclen, no binding could be observed, as expected in the state 2 conformation which is the dominant state at ambient pressure. Interestingly, Zn2+-cyclen binding is observed at 500 MPa pressure, close to the nucleotide, in Ras protein that is driven by pressure to a state 1 conformer. The unknown binding mode of Zn2+-cyclen to H-Ras can thus be fully characterized in atomic details. As a more general conjunction from our study, high pressure x-ray crystallography turns out to be a powerful method to induce transitions allowing drug binding in proteins that are in low-populated conformations at ambient conditions, enabling the design of specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Girard
- CEA, CNRS, IBS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Pedro Lopes
- Institute for Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Spoerner
- Institute for Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Thierry Prangé
- CiTCoM, CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Hans Robert Kalbitzer
- Institute for Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Colloc'h
- ISTCT UMR6030, Centre Cyceron, CNRS - Université de Caen Normandie - Normandie Université, Caen, France
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25
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Xu YY, Chen T, Ding H, Chen Q, Fan QL. Melatonin inhibits circadian gene DEC1 and TLR2/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway to alleviate renal injury in type 2 diabetic mice. Acta Diabetol 2024:10.1007/s00592-024-02312-2. [PMID: 38896283 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-024-02312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) is a complex disease associated with circadian rhythm and biological clock regulation disorders. Melatonin (MT) is considered a hormone with renal protective effects, but its mechanism of action in DKD is unclear. METHODS We used the GSE151325 dataset from the GEO database for differential gene analysis and further explored related genes and pathways through GO and KEGG analysis and PPI network analysis. Additionally, this study used a type 2 diabetes db/db mouse model and investigated the role of melatonin in DKD and its relationship with clock genes through immunohistochemistry, Western blot, real-time PCR, ELISA, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), dual-luciferase reporter technology, and liposome transfection technology to study DEC1 siRNA. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis revealed the central position of clock genes such as CLOCK, DEC1, Bhlhe41, CRY1, and RORB in DKD. Their interaction with key inflammatory regulators may reveal melatonin's potential mechanism in treating diabetic kidney disease. Further experimental results showed that melatonin significantly improved the renal pathological changes in db/db mice, reduced body weight and blood sugar, regulated clock genes in renal tissue, and downregulated the TLR2/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. We found that the transcription factor DEC1 can bind to the TLR2 promoter and activate its transcription, while CLOCK's effect is unclear. Liposome transfection experiments further confirmed the effect of DEC1 on the TLR2/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Melatonin shows significant renal protective effects by regulating clock genes and downregulating the TLR2/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. The transcription factor DEC1 may become a key regulatory factor for renal inflammation and fibrosis by activating TLR2 promoter transcription. These findings provide new perspectives and directions for the potential application of melatonin in DKD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shenyang Seventh People's Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200082, China.
| | - Qiu-Ling Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200082, China.
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26
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Han U, Han N, Park B, Jeon TJ. RapB Regulates Cell Adhesion and Migration in Dictyostelium, Similar to RapA. J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s12275-024-00143-y. [PMID: 38884692 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-024-00143-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Ras small GTPases act as molecular switches in various cellular signaling pathways, including cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Three Rap proteins are present in Dictyostelium; RapA, RapB, and RapC. RapA and RapC have been reported to have opposing functions in the control of cell adhesion and migration. Here, we investigated the role of RapB, a member of the Ras GTPase subfamily in Dictyostelium, focusing on its involvement in cell adhesion, migration, and developmental processes. This study revealed that RapB, similar to RapA, played a crucial role in regulating cell morphology, adhesion, and migration. rapB null cells, which were generated by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, displayed altered cell size, reduced cell-substrate adhesion, and increased migration speed during chemotaxis. These phenotypes of rapB null cells were restored by the expression of RapB and RapA, but not RapC. Consistent with these results, RapB, similar to RapA, failed to rescue the phenotypes of rapC null cells, spread morphology, increased cell adhesion, and decreased migration speed during chemotaxis. Multicellular development of rapB null cells remained unaffected. These results suggest that RapB is involved in controlling cell morphology and cell adhesion. Importantly, RapB appears to play an inhibitory role in regulating the migration speed during chemotaxis, possibly by controlling cell-substrate adhesion, resembling the functions of RapA. These findings contribute to the understanding of the functional relationships among Ras subfamily proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Han
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and BK21 FOUR Educational Research Group for Age-Associated Disorder Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Nara Han
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and BK21 FOUR Educational Research Group for Age-Associated Disorder Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeonggyu Park
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and BK21 FOUR Educational Research Group for Age-Associated Disorder Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeck Joong Jeon
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and BK21 FOUR Educational Research Group for Age-Associated Disorder Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea.
- The Basic Science Institute of Chosun University, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Tóth LJ, Mokánszki A, Méhes G. The rapidly changing field of predictive biomarkers of non-small cell lung cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2024; 30:1611733. [PMID: 38953007 PMCID: PMC11215025 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2024.1611733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide in both men and women, however mortality in the US and EU are recently declining in parallel with the gradual cut of smoking prevalence. Consequently, the relative frequency of adenocarcinoma increased while that of squamous and small cell carcinomas declined. During the last two decades a plethora of targeted drug therapies have appeared for the treatment of metastasizing non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC). Personalized oncology aims to precisely match patients to treatments with the highest potential of success. Extensive research is done to introduce biomarkers which can predict the effectiveness of a specific targeted therapeutic approach. The EGFR signaling pathway includes several sufficient targets for the treatment of human cancers including NSCLC. Lung adenocarcinoma may harbor both activating and resistance mutations of the EGFR gene, and further, mutations of KRAS and BRAF oncogenes. Less frequent but targetable genetic alterations include ALK, ROS1, RET gene rearrangements, and various alterations of MET proto-oncogene. In addition, the importance of anti-tumor immunity and of tumor microenvironment has become evident recently. Accumulation of mutations generally trigger tumor specific immune defense, but immune protection may be upregulated as an aggressive feature. The blockade of immune checkpoints results in potential reactivation of tumor cell killing and induces significant tumor regression in various tumor types, such as lung carcinoma. Therapeutic responses to anti PD1-PD-L1 treatment may correlate with the expression of PD-L1 by tumor cells. Due to the wide range of diagnostic and predictive features in lung cancer a plenty of tests are required from a single small biopsy or cytology specimen, which is challenged by major issues of sample quantity and quality. Thus, the efficacy of biomarker testing should be warranted by standardized policy and optimal material usage. In this review we aim to discuss major targeted therapy-related biomarkers in NSCLC and testing possibilities comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- László József Tóth
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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28
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Ma G, Huo B, Shen Y, Zhu X, Cheng C, Li W, Cao W, Li J. Genomic Alterations Correlated to Trastuzumab Resistance and Clinical Outcomes in HER2+/HR- Breast Cancers of Patients Living in Northwestern China. J Cancer 2024; 15:4467-4476. [PMID: 39006074 PMCID: PMC11242333 DOI: 10.7150/jca.84832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Anti-HER2 therapy has significantly improved the survival rates of patients with HER2+ breast cancer. However, a subset of these patients eventually experience treatment failure, and the underlying genetic mechanisms remain largely unexplored. This underscores the need to investigate the genomic heterogeneity of HER2+ breast cancer. In this study, we focus on HER2+/HR- breast cancer, as it differs from HER2+/HR+ breast cancer in terms of genetic and biological characteristics. We performed gene-targeted genome sequencing on 45 HER2+/HR- breast cancer samples and identified 650 mutations across 268 cancer-related genes. TP53 (71.1%) and PIK3CA (35.6%) were the most frequently mutated genes in our sample. Additionally, ERBB2 (77.8%), CDK12 (42.2%), and MYC (11.1%) exhibited a high frequency of copy number amplifications (CNAs). Comparative analysis with two other HER2+/HR- breast cancer cohorts revealed that our cohort had higher genetic variation rates in ARID1A, PKHD1, PTPN13, FANCA, SETD2, BRCA2, BLM, STAG2, FAT1, TOP2A, POLE, ATM, KMT2B, FGFR4, and EPAS1. Notably, in our cohort, NF1 and ATM mutations were more prevalent in trastuzumab-resistant patients (NF1, p=0.016; ATM, p=0.006) and were associated with primary trastuzumab resistance (NF1, p=0.042; ATM, p=0.021). Moreover, patients with NF1 mutations (p=0.009) and high histological grades (p=0.028) were more likely to experience early relapse. Ultimately, we identified a unique cancer-related gene mutation profile and a subset of genes associated with primary resistance to trastuzumab and RFS in patients with HER2+/HR- breast cancer in Northwest China. These findings could lay the groundwork for future studies aimed at elucidating the mechanisms of resistance to trastuzumab and improving HER2-targeted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Ma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Binliang Huo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanwei Shen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xulong Zhu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Chong Cheng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Wensheng Li
- Department of Pathology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
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Zeng Z, Zhu Q. Progress and prospects of biomarker-based targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced gastric cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1382183. [PMID: 38947886 PMCID: PMC11211377 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1382183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer and gastroesophageal junction cancer represent the leading cause of tumor-related death worldwide. Although advances in immunotherapy and molecular targeted therapy have expanded treatment options, they have not significantly altered the prognosis for patients with unresectable or metastatic gastric cancer. A minority of patients, particularly those with PD-L1-positive, HER-2-positive, or MSI-high tumors, may benefit more from immune checkpoint inhibitors and/or HER-2-directed therapies in advanced stages. However, for those lacking specific targets and unique molecular features, conventional chemotherapy remains the only recommended effective and durable regimen. In this review, we summarize the roles of various signaling pathways and further investigate the available targets. Then, the current results of phase II/III clinical trials in advanced gastric cancer, along with the superiorities and limitations of the existing biomarkers, are specifically discussed. Finally, we will offer our insights in precision treatment pattern when encountering the substantial challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qing Zhu
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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30
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Liu Z, Yang L, Liu C, Wang Z, Xu W, Lu J, Wang C, Xu X. Identification and validation of immune-related gene signature models for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1371829. [PMID: 38933262 PMCID: PMC11199539 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1371829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study seeks to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of clinical diagnosis and therapeutic decision-making in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as well as to optimize the assessment of immunotherapy response. Methods A training set comprising 305 HCC cases was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Initially, a screening process was undertaken to identify prognostically significant immune-related genes (IRGs), followed by the application of logistic regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression methods for gene modeling. Subsequently, the final model was constructed using support vector machines-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE). Following model evaluation, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was employed to examine the gene expression profiles in tissue samples obtained from our cohort of 54 patients with HCC and an independent cohort of 231 patients, and the prognostic relevance of the model was substantiated. Thereafter, the association of the model with the immune responses was examined, and its predictive value regarding the efficacy of immunotherapy was corroborated through studies involving three cohorts undergoing immunotherapy. Finally, the study uncovered the potential mechanism by which the model contributed to prognosticating HCC outcomes and assessing immunotherapy effectiveness. Results SVM-RFE modeling was applied to develop an OS prognostic model based on six IRGs (CMTM7, HDAC1, HRAS, PSMD1, RAET1E, and TXLNA). The performance of the model was assessed by AUC values on the ROC curves, resulting in values of 0.83, 0.73, and 0.75 for the predictions at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. A marked difference in OS outcomes was noted when comparing the high-risk group (HRG) with the low-risk group (LRG), as demonstrated in both the initial training set (P <0.0001) and the subsequent validation cohort (P <0.0001). Additionally, the SVMRS in the HRG demonstrated a notable positive correlation with key immune checkpoint genes (CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1). The results obtained from the examination of three cohorts undergoing immunotherapy affirmed the potential capability of this model in predicting immunotherapy effectiveness. Conclusions The HCC predictive model developed in this study, comprising six genes, demonstrates a robust capability to predict the OS of patients with HCC and immunotherapy effectiveness in tumor management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingge Yang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zicheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wendi Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jueliang Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunmeng Wang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xundi Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of General Surgery, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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31
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Çubuk C, Lau R, Cutillas P, Rajeeve V, John CR, Surace AEA, Hands R, Fossati-Jimack L, Lewis MJ, Pitzalis C. Phosphoproteomic profiling of early rheumatoid arthritis synovium reveals active signalling pathways and differentiates inflammatory pathotypes. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:120. [PMID: 38867295 PMCID: PMC11167927 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03351-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kinases are intracellular signalling mediators and key to sustaining the inflammatory process in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Oral inhibitors of Janus Kinase family (JAKs) are widely used in RA, while inhibitors of other kinase families e.g. phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) are under development. Most current biomarker platforms quantify mRNA/protein levels, but give no direct information on whether proteins are active/inactive. Phosphoproteome analysis has the potential to measure specific enzyme activation status at tissue level. METHODS We validated the feasibility of phosphoproteome and total proteome analysis on 8 pre-treatment synovial biopsies from treatment-naive RA patients using label-free mass spectrometry, to identify active cell signalling pathways in synovial tissue which might explain failure to respond to RA therapeutics. RESULTS Differential expression analysis and functional enrichment revealed clear separation of phosphoproteome and proteome profiles between lymphoid and myeloid RA pathotypes. Abundance of specific phosphosites was associated with the degree of inflammatory state. The lymphoid pathotype was enriched with lymphoproliferative signalling phosphosites, including Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin (MTOR) signalling, whereas the myeloid pathotype was associated with Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) and CDK mediated signalling. This analysis also highlighted novel kinases not previously linked to RA, such as Protein Kinase, DNA-Activated, Catalytic Subunit (PRKDC) in the myeloid pathotype. Several phosphosites correlated with clinical features, such as Disease-Activity-Score (DAS)-28, suggesting that phosphosite analysis has potential for identifying novel biomarkers at tissue-level of disease severity and prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Specific phosphoproteome/proteome signatures delineate RA pathotypes and may have clinical utility for stratifying patients for personalised medicine in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cankut Çubuk
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London and Barts NIHR BRC & NHS Trust, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Rachel Lau
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London and Barts NIHR BRC & NHS Trust, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Pedro Cutillas
- Cell Signalling and Proteomics Group, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Vinothini Rajeeve
- Cell Signalling and Proteomics Group, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Christopher R John
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London and Barts NIHR BRC & NHS Trust, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Anna E A Surace
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London and Barts NIHR BRC & NHS Trust, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Rebecca Hands
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London and Barts NIHR BRC & NHS Trust, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Liliane Fossati-Jimack
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London and Barts NIHR BRC & NHS Trust, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Myles J Lewis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London and Barts NIHR BRC & NHS Trust, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London and Barts NIHR BRC & NHS Trust, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
- IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzao, Milan, Italy.
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Hossain MA. Targeting the RAS upstream and downstream signaling pathway for cancer treatment. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 979:176727. [PMID: 38866361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Cancer often involves the overactivation of RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK) and PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathways due to mutations in genes like RAS, RAF, PTEN, and PIK3CA. Various strategies are employed to address the overactivation of these pathways, among which targeted therapy emerges as a promising approach. Directly targeting specific proteins, leads to encouraging results in cancer treatment. For instance, RTK inhibitors such as imatinib and afatinib selectively target these receptors, hindering ligand binding and reducing signaling initiation. These inhibitors have shown potent efficacy against Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Other inhibitors, like lonafarnib targeting Farnesyltransferase and GGTI 2418 targeting geranylgeranyl Transferase, disrupt post-translational modifications of proteins. Additionally, inhibition of proteins like SOS, SH2 domain, and Ras demonstrate promising anti-tumor activity both in vivo and in vitro. Targeting downstream components with RAF inhibitors such as vemurafenib, dabrafenib, and sorafenib, along with MEK inhibitors like trametinib and binimetinib, has shown promising outcomes in treating cancers with BRAF-V600E mutations, including myeloma, colorectal, and thyroid cancers. Furthermore, inhibitors of PI3K (e.g., apitolisib, copanlisib), AKT (e.g., ipatasertib, perifosine), and mTOR (e.g., sirolimus, temsirolimus) exhibit promising efficacy against various cancers such as Invasive Breast Cancer, Lymphoma, Neoplasms, and Hematological malignancies. This review offers an overview of small molecule inhibitors targeting specific proteins within the RAS upstream and downstream signaling pathways in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Arafat Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh.
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Miao Y, Bai Y, Miao J, Murray AA, Lin J, Dong J, Qu Z, Zhang RY, Nguyen QD, Wang S, Yu J, Nguele Meke F, Zhang ZY. Off-target autophagy inhibition by SHP2 allosteric inhibitors contributes to their antitumor activity in RAS-driven cancers. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e177142. [PMID: 38842946 DOI: 10.1172/jci177142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of RAS/MAPK signaling is common in cancer, and efforts to inhibit pathway components have yielded drugs with promising clinical activities. Unfortunately, treatment-provoked adaptive resistance mechanisms inevitably develop, limiting their therapeutic potential. As a central node essential for receptor tyrosine kinase-mediated RAS activation, SHP2 has emerged as an attractive cancer target. Consequently, many SHP2 allosteric inhibitors are now in clinical testing. Here we discovered a previously unrecognized off-target effect associated with SHP2 allosteric inhibitors. We found that these inhibitors accumulate in the lysosome and block autophagic flux in an SHP2-independent manner. We showed that off-target autophagy inhibition by SHP2 allosteric inhibitors contributes to their antitumor activity. We also demonstrated that SHP2 allosteric inhibitors harboring this off-target activity not only suppress oncogenic RAS signaling but also overcome drug resistance such as MAPK rebound and protective autophagy in response to RAS/MAPK pathway blockage. Finally, we exemplified a therapeutic framework that harnesses both the on- and off-target activities of SHP2 allosteric inhibitors for improved treatment of mutant RAS-driven and drug-resistant malignancies such as pancreatic and colorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Miao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and
| | - Yunpeng Bai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and
| | - Jinmin Miao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and
| | - Allison A Murray
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and
| | - Jianping Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and
| | - Jiajun Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and
| | - Zihan Qu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Ruo-Yu Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and
| | - Quyen D Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Shaomeng Wang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Pharmacology, and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jingmei Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and
| | | | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Institute for Cancer Research and
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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Chen Y, Yu J, Ge S, Jia R, Song X, Wang Y, Fan X. An Overview of Optic Pathway Glioma With Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Pathogenesis, Risk Factors, and Therapeutic Strategies. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:8. [PMID: 38837168 PMCID: PMC11160950 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.6.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) are most predominant pilocytic astrocytomas, which are typically diagnosed within the first decade of life. The majority of affected children with OPGs also present with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), the most common tumor predisposition syndrome. OPGs in individuals with NF1 primarily affect the optic pathway and lead to visual disturbance. However, it is challenging to assess risk in asymptomatic patients without valid biomarkers. On the other hand, for symptomatic patients, there is still no effective treatment to prevent or recover vision loss. Therefore, this review summarizes current knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of NF1-associated OPGs (NF1-OPGs) from preclinical studies to seek potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets. First, the loss of the NF1 gene activates 3 distinct Ras effector pathways, including the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, the MEK/ERK pathway, and the cAMP pathway, which mediate glioma tumorigenesis. Meanwhile, non-neoplastic cells from the tumor microenvironment (microglia, T cells, neurons, etc.) also contribute to gliomagenesis via various soluble factors. Subsequently, we investigated potential genetic risk factors, molecularly targeted therapies, and neuroprotective strategies for tumor prevention and vision recovery. Last, potential directions and promising preclinical models of NF1-OPGs are presented for further research. On the whole, NF1-OPGs develop as a result of the interaction between glioma cells and the tumor microenvironment. Developing effective treatments require a better understanding of tumor molecular characteristics, as well as multistage interventions targeting both neoplastic cells and non-neoplastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xin Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yefei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Siddique R, Thangavelu L, S R, Almalki WH, Kazmi I, Kumar A, Mahajan S, Kalra H, Alzarea SI, Pant K. lncRNAs and cyclin-dependent kinases: Unveiling their critical roles in cancer progression. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 258:155333. [PMID: 38723325 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a diverse class of RNA molecules that do not code for proteins but play critical roles in gene regulation. One such role involves the modulation of cell cycle progression and proliferation through interactions with cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), key regulators of cell division. Dysregulation of CDK activity is a hallmark of cancer, contributing to uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation. These lncRNA-CDK interactions are part of a complex network of molecular mechanisms underlying cancer pathogenesis, involving various signaling pathways and regulatory circuits. Understanding the interplay between lncRNAs, CDKs, and cancer biology holds promise for developing novel therapeutic strategies targeting these molecular targets for more effective cancer treatment. Furthermore, targeting CDKs, key cell cycle progression and proliferation regulators, offers another avenue for disrupting cancer pathways and overcoming drug resistance. This can open new possibilities for individualized treatment plans and focused therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raihan Siddique
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, India.
| | - RenukaJyothi S
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303012, India
| | - Shriya Mahajan
- Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab 140417, India
| | - Hitesh Kalra
- Chitkara Centre for Research and Development, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh 174103, India
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, 72341, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kumud Pant
- Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Clement Town, Dehradun 248002, India; Graphic Era Hill University, Clement Town, Dehradun 248002, India
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Ali Y, Khan AA, Alanazi AM, Fatima S, Kozmon S. A novel Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivative modulates active KRAS G12D through off-like conformational shifts in switch-I and switch-II regions, mimicking inactive KRAS G12D. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132477. [PMID: 38772459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
KRASG12D are the most prevalent oncogenic mutations and a promising target for solid tumor therapies. However, its inhibition exhibits tremendous challenge due to the necessity of high binding affinity to obviate the need for covalent binders. Here we report the evidence of a novel class of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivative as potentially significant novel inhibitors of KRASG12D, discovered through extensive ligand-based screening against 2-[(2R)-piperidin-2-yl]-1H-indole, an important scaffold for KRASG12D inhibition via switch-I/II (S-I/II) pocket. The proposed compounds exhibited similar binding affinities and overlapped pose configurations to 2-[(2R)-piperidin-2-yl]-1H-indole, serving as a reliable starting point for drug discovery. Comparative free energy profiles demonstrated that C4 [2-methyl-3-((5-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine] effectively shifted the protein to a stable low-energy conformation via a prominent transition state. The conformational changes across the transition revealed the conformational shift of switch-I and II to a previously known off-like conformation of inactive KRASG12D with rmsd of 0.91 Å. These conformations were even more prominent than the privileged scaffold 2-[(2R)-piperidin-2-yl]-1H-indole. The representative structure overlay of C4 and another X-ray crystallography solved BI-2852 bound inactive KRASG12D revealed that Switch-I and II exhibited off-like conformations. The cumulative variance across the first eigenvalue that accounted for 57 % of the collective variance validated this on-to-off transition. In addition, the relative interaction of C4 binding showed consistent patterns with BI-2852. Taken together, our results support the inhibitory activity of [2-methyl-3-((5-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine] by shifting active KRASG12D to an inactive conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Ali
- Institute of Chemistry Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Azmat Ali Khan
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amer M Alanazi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shabeen Fatima
- Institute of Chemistry Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Stanislav Kozmon
- Institute of Chemistry Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Chippalkatti R, Parisi B, Kouzi F, Laurini C, Ben Fredj N, Abankwa DK. RAS isoform specific activities are disrupted by disease associated mutations during cell differentiation. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151425. [PMID: 38795504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The RAS-MAPK-pathway is aberrantly regulated in cancer and developmental diseases called RASopathies. While typically the impact of Ras on the proliferation of various cancer cell lines is assessed, it is poorly established how Ras affects cellular differentiation. Here we implement the C2C12 myoblast cell line to systematically study the effect of Ras mutants and Ras-pathway drugs on differentiation. We first provide evidence that a minor pool of Pax7+ progenitors replenishes a major pool of transit amplifying cells that are ready to differentiate. Our data indicate that Ras isoforms have distinct roles in the differentiating culture, where K-Ras depletion increases and H-Ras depletion decreases terminal differentiation. This assay could therefore provide significant new insights into Ras biology and Ras-driven diseases. In line with this, we found that all oncogenic Ras mutants block terminal differentiation of transit amplifying cells. By contrast, RASopathy associated K-Ras variants were less able to block differentiation. Profiling of eight targeted Ras-pathway drugs on seven oncogenic Ras mutants revealed their allele-specific activities and distinct abilities to restore normal differentiation as compared to triggering cell death. In particular, the MEK-inhibitor trametinib could broadly restore differentiation, while the mTOR-inhibitor rapamycin broadly suppressed differentiation. We expect that this quantitative assessment of the impact of Ras-pathway mutants and drugs on cellular differentiation has great potential to complement cancer cell proliferation data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Chippalkatti
- Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette 4362, Luxembourg
| | - Bianca Parisi
- Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette 4362, Luxembourg
| | - Farah Kouzi
- Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette 4362, Luxembourg
| | - Christina Laurini
- Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette 4362, Luxembourg
| | - Nesrine Ben Fredj
- Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette 4362, Luxembourg
| | - Daniel Kwaku Abankwa
- Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette 4362, Luxembourg.
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Na B, Shah SR, Vasudevan HN. Past, Present, and Future Therapeutic Strategies for NF-1-Associated Tumors. Curr Oncol Rep 2024; 26:706-713. [PMID: 38709422 PMCID: PMC11169015 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-024-01527-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) is a cancer predisposition syndrome caused by mutations in the NF1 tumor suppressor gene that encodes the neurofibromin protein, which functions as a negative regulator of Ras signaling. We review the past, current, and future state of therapeutic strategies for tumors associated with NF-1. RECENT FINDINGS Therapeutic efforts for NF-1-associated tumors have centered around inhibiting Ras output, leading to the clinical success of downstream MEK inhibition for plexiform neurofibromas and low-grade gliomas. However, MEK inhibition and similar molecular monotherapy approaches that block Ras signaling do not work for all patients and show limited efficacy for more aggressive cancers such as malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors and high-grade gliomas, motivating novel treatment approaches. We highlight the current therapeutic landscape for NF-1-associated tumors, broadly categorizing treatment into past strategies for serial Ras pathway blockade, current approaches targeting parallel oncogenic and tumor suppressor pathways, and future avenues of investigation leveraging biologic and technical innovations in immunotherapy, pharmacology, and gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Na
- Department of Neurology, UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shilp R Shah
- Samueli School of Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Harish N Vasudevan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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Scardaci R, Berlinska E, Scaparone P, Vietti Michelina S, Garbo E, Novello S, Santamaria D, Ambrogio C. Novel RAF-directed approaches to overcome current clinical limits and block the RAS/RAF node. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:1355-1377. [PMID: 38362705 PMCID: PMC11161739 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway are frequent alterations in cancer and RASopathies, and while RAS oncogene activation alone affects 19% of all patients and accounts for approximately 3.4 million new cases every year, less frequent alterations in the cascade's downstream effectors are also involved in cancer etiology. RAS proteins initiate the signaling cascade by promoting the dimerization of RAF kinases, which can act as oncoproteins as well: BRAFV600E is the most common oncogenic driver, mutated in the 8% of all malignancies. Research in this field led to the development of drugs that target the BRAFV600-like mutations (Class I), which are now utilized in clinics, but cause paradoxical activation of the pathway and resistance development. Furthermore, they are ineffective against non-BRAFV600E malignancies that dimerize and could be either RTK/RAS independent or dependent (Class II and III, respectively), which are still lacking an effective treatment. This review discusses the recent advances in anti-RAF therapies, including paradox breakers, dimer-inhibitors, immunotherapies, and other novel approaches, critically evaluating their efficacy in overcoming the therapeutic limitations, and their putative role in blocking the RAS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Scardaci
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology CenterUniversity of TorinoItaly
| | - Ewa Berlinska
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology CenterUniversity of TorinoItaly
| | - Pietro Scaparone
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology CenterUniversity of TorinoItaly
| | - Sandra Vietti Michelina
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology CenterUniversity of TorinoItaly
| | - Edoardo Garbo
- Department of OncologyUniversity of Torino, San Luigi HospitalOrbassanoItaly
| | - Silvia Novello
- Department of OncologyUniversity of Torino, San Luigi HospitalOrbassanoItaly
| | - David Santamaria
- Centro de Investigación del CáncerCSIC‐Universidad de SalamancaSpain
| | - Chiara Ambrogio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology CenterUniversity of TorinoItaly
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Thomas QD, Quantin X, Lemercier P, Chouaid C, Schneider S, Filleron T, Remon-Masip J, Perol M, Debieuvre D, Audigier-Valette C, Justeau G, Loeb A, Hiret S, Clement-Duchene C, Dansin E, Stancu A, Pichon E, Bosquet L, Girard N, Du Rusquec P. Clinical characteristic and survival outcomes of patients with advanced NSCLC according to KRAS mutational status in the French real-life ESME cohort. ESMO Open 2024; 9:103473. [PMID: 38833966 PMCID: PMC11179088 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2024.103473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The RAS/MEK signaling pathway is essential in carcinogenesis and frequently altered in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), notably by KRAS mutations (KRASm) that affect 25%-30% of non-squamous NSCLC. This study aims to explore the impact of KRASm subtypes on disease phenotype and survival outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of the French Epidemiological Strategy and Medical Economics database for advanced or metastatic lung cancer from 2011 to 2021. Patient demographics, histology, KRASm status, treatment strategies, and outcomes were assessed. RESULTS Of 10 177 assessable patients for KRAS status, 17.6% had KRAS p.G12C mutation, 22.6% had KRAS non-p.G12C mutation, and 59.8% were KRASwt. KRASm patients were more often smokers (96.3%) compared with KRASwt (85.8%). A higher proportion of programmed death-ligand 1 ≥50% was found for KRASm patients: 43.5% versus 38.0% (P < 0.01). KRASm correlated with poorer outcomes. First-line median progression-free survival was shorter in the KRASm than the KRASwt cohort: 4.0 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.7-4.3 months] versus 5.1 months (95% CI 4.8-5.3 months), P < 0.001. First-line overall survival was shorter for KRASm than KRASwt patients: 12.6 months (95% CI 11.6-13.6 months) versus 15.4 months (95% CI 14.6-16.2 months), P = 0.012. First-line chemoimmunotherapy offered better overall survival in KRAS p.G12C (48.8 months) compared with KRAS non-p.G12C (24.0 months) and KRASwt (22.5 months) patients. Second-line overall survival with immunotherapy was superior in the KRAS p.G12C subgroup: 12.6 months (95% CI 8.1-18.6 months) compared with 9.4 months (95% CI 8.0-11.4 months) for KRAS non-p.G12C and 9.6 months (8.4-11.0 months) for KRASwt patients. CONCLUSION We highlighted distinct clinical profiles and survival outcomes according to KRASm subtypes. Notably KRAS p.G12C mutations may provide increased sensitivity to immunotherapy, suggesting potential therapeutic implications for sequencing or combination of therapies. Further research on the impact of emerging KRAS specific inhibitors are warranted in real-world cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q D Thomas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Montpellier Cancer Institute, Montpellier; Oncogenic Pathways in Lung Cancer, Montpellier Cancer Research Institute, University of Montpellier, Montpellier
| | - X Quantin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Montpellier Cancer Institute, Montpellier; Oncogenic Pathways in Lung Cancer, Montpellier Cancer Research Institute, University of Montpellier, Montpellier
| | - P Lemercier
- Biometrics Unit, Montpellier Cancer Institute, University of Montpellier, Montpellier
| | - C Chouaid
- Department of Pneumology, Intercommunal Hospital Créteil, Créteil
| | - S Schneider
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Center Côte Basque, Bayonne
| | - T Filleron
- Biostatistics Unit, Claudius Regaud Institute IUCT-O, Toulouse
| | | | - M Perol
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon
| | - D Debieuvre
- Department of Pneumology, GHR Mulhouse Sud-Alsace, Mulhouse
| | | | - G Justeau
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital, Angers
| | - A Loeb
- Department of Medical Information, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen
| | - S Hiret
- Department of Medical Oncology, West Cancer Institute, Angers & Nantes
| | - C Clement-Duchene
- Department of Pneumology, Lorraine Cancer Institute, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy
| | - E Dansin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille
| | - A Stancu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sainte Catherine Institute, Avignon
| | - E Pichon
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital, Tours
| | - L Bosquet
- Department of Health Data and Partnerships, Unicancer, Paris
| | - N Girard
- Institut Curie, Institut du Thorax Curie-Montsouris, Paris & St Cloud, France
| | - P Du Rusquec
- Institut Curie, Institut du Thorax Curie-Montsouris, Paris & St Cloud, France.
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Atsavapranee E, Haley RM, Billingsley MM, Chan A, Ruan B, Figueroa-Espada CG, Gong N, Mukalel AJ, Bryan PN, Mitchell MJ. Ionizable lipid nanoparticles for RAS protease delivery to inhibit cancer cell proliferation. J Control Release 2024; 370:614-625. [PMID: 38729436 PMCID: PMC11210981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in RAS, a family of proteins found in all human cells, drive a third of cancers, including many pancreatic, colorectal, and lung cancers. However, there is a lack of clinical therapies that can effectively prevent RAS from causing tumor growth. Recently, a protease was engineered that specifically degrades active RAS, offering a promising new tool for treating these cancers. However, like many other intracellularly acting protein-based therapies, this protease requires a delivery vector to reach its site of action within the cell. In this study, we explored the incorporation of cationic lipids into ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to develop a RAS protease delivery platform capable of inhibiting cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. A library of 13 LNPs encapsulating RAS protease was designed, and each formulation was evaluated for in vitro delivery efficiency and toxicity. A subset of four top-performing LNP formulations was identified and further evaluated for their impact on cancer cell proliferation in human colorectal cancer cells with mutated KRAS in vitro and in vivo, as well as their in vivo biodistribution and toxicity. In vivo, both the concentration of cationic lipid and type of cargo influenced LNP and cargo distribution. All lead candidate LNPs showed RAS protease functionality in vitro, and the top-performing formulation achieved effective intracellular RAS protease delivery in vivo, decreasing cancer cell proliferation in an in vivo xenograft model and significantly reducing tumor growth and size. Overall, this work demonstrates the use of LNPs as an effective delivery platform for RAS proteases, which could potentially be utilized for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Atsavapranee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rebecca M Haley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Alexander Chan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Biao Ruan
- Potomac Affinity Proteins, LLC, North Potomac, MD 20878, USA
| | | | - Ningqiang Gong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alvin J Mukalel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Philip N Bryan
- Potomac Affinity Proteins, LLC, North Potomac, MD 20878, USA; Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Michael J Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Institute for RNA Innovation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Wu Y, Cao Y, Chen L, Lai X, Zhang S, Wang S. Role of Exosomes in Cancer and Aptamer-Modified Exosomes as a Promising Platform for Cancer Targeted Therapy. Biol Proced Online 2024; 26:15. [PMID: 38802766 PMCID: PMC11129508 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-024-00245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are increasingly recognized as important mediators of intercellular communication in cancer biology. Exosomes can be derived from cancer cells as well as cellular components in tumor microenvironment. After secretion, the exosomes carrying a wide range of bioactive cargos can be ingested by local or distant recipient cells. The released cargos act through a variety of mechanisms to elicit multiple biological effects and impact most if not all hallmarks of cancer. Moreover, owing to their excellent biocompatibility and capability of being easily engineered or modified, exosomes are currently exploited as a promising platform for cancer targeted therapy. In this review, we first summarize the current knowledge of roles of exosomes in risk and etiology, initiation and progression of cancer, as well as their underlying molecular mechanisms. The aptamer-modified exosome as a promising platform for cancer targeted therapy is then briefly introduced. We also discuss the future directions for emerging roles of exosome in tumor biology and perspective of aptamer-modified exosomes in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Wu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P. R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yue Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900 th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900 th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Lai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900 th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shenghang Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P. R. China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900 th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Shuiliang Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Affiliated Dongfang Hospital of School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P. R. China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical School (the 900 th Hospital), Fujian Medical University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, P. R. China.
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Zacarias O, Clement CC, Cheng SY, Rosas M, Gonzalez C, Peter M, Coopman P, Champeil E. Mitomycin C and its analog trigger cytotoxicity in MCF-7 and K562 cancer cells through the regulation of RAS and MAPK/ERK pathways. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 395:111007. [PMID: 38642817 PMCID: PMC11102841 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Mitomycin C (MC) is an anti-cancer drug which functions by forming interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) between opposing DNA strands. MC analog, 10-decarbamoyl mitomycin C (DMC), unlike MC, has stronger cytotoxic effects on cancer cells with TP53 mutation. We previously demonstrated that MC/DMC could activate p21WAF1/CIP1 in MCF-7 (TP53-proficient) and K562 (TP53 deficient) cells in a TP53-independent mode. We also found that MC/DMC regulate AKT activation in a TP53-dependent manner and that AKT deactivation is not associated with the activation of p21WAF1/CIP1 in response to MC/DMC treatment. RAS proteins are known players in the upstream mediated signaling of p21WAF1/CIP1 activation that leads to control of cell proliferation and cell death. Thus, this prompted us to investigate the effect of both drugs on the expression of RAS proteins and regulation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathways in MCF-7 and K562 cancer cells. To accomplish this goal, we performed comparative label free proteomics profiling coupled to bioinformatics/complementary phosphoprotein arrays and Western blot validations of key signaling molecules. The MAPK/ERK pathway exhibited an overall downregulation upon MC/DMC treatment in MCF-7 cells but only DMC exhibited a mild downregulation of that same pathway in TP53 mutant K562 cells. Furthermore, treatment of MCF-7 and K562 cell lines with oligonucleotides containing the interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) formed by MC or DMC shows that both ICLs had a stronger effect on the downregulation of RAS protein expression in mutant TP53 K562 cells. We discuss the implication of this regulation of the MAPK/ERK pathway in relation to cellular TP53 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Zacarias
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, The City University of New York, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Cristina C Clement
- Radiation Oncology Department, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, 10065, USA.
| | - Shu-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, The City University of New York, New York, NY, 10019, USA; Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Melissa Rosas
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, The City University of New York, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Christina Gonzalez
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, The City University of New York, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Marion Peter
- IRCM, University Montpellier, ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Campus Val d'Aurelle, 208 avenue des apothicaires, 34298, Montpellier, Cédex 5, France
| | - Peter Coopman
- IRCM, University Montpellier, ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Campus Val d'Aurelle, 208 avenue des apothicaires, 34298, Montpellier, Cédex 5, France
| | - Elise Champeil
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, The City University of New York, New York, NY, 10019, USA; Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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Wu D, Yin R, Chen G, Ribeiro-Filho HV, Cheung M, Robbins PF, Mariuzza RA, Pierce BG. Structural characterization and AlphaFold modeling of human T cell receptor recognition of NRAS cancer neoantigens. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.21.595215. [PMID: 38826362 PMCID: PMC11142219 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.21.595215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
T cell receptors (TCRs) that recognize cancer neoantigens are important for anti-cancer immune responses and immunotherapy. Understanding the structural basis of TCR recognition of neoantigens provides insights into their exquisite specificity and can enable design of optimized TCRs. We determined crystal structures of a human TCR in complex with NRAS Q61K and Q61R neoantigen peptides and HLA-A1 MHC, revealing the molecular underpinnings for dual recognition and specificity versus wild-type NRAS peptide. We then used multiple versions of AlphaFold to model the corresponding complex structures, given the challenge of immune recognition for such methods. Interestingly, one implementation of AlphaFold2 (TCRmodel2) was able to generate accurate models of the complexes, while AlphaFold3 also showed strong performance, although success was lower for other complexes. This study provides insights into TCR recognition of a shared cancer neoantigen, as well as the utility and practical considerations for using AlphaFold to model TCR-peptide-MHC complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichao Wu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Laboratory of Structural Immunology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- W.M. Keck Laboratory for Structural Biology, University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Rui Yin
- W.M. Keck Laboratory for Structural Biology, University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Guodong Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Laboratory of Structural Immunology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Helder V. Ribeiro-Filho
- W.M. Keck Laboratory for Structural Biology, University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Melyssa Cheung
- W.M. Keck Laboratory for Structural Biology, University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Paul F. Robbins
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Roy A. Mariuzza
- W.M. Keck Laboratory for Structural Biology, University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Brian G. Pierce
- W.M. Keck Laboratory for Structural Biology, University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Lokhandwala J, Smalley TB, Tran TH. Structural perspectives on recent breakthrough efforts toward direct drugging of RAS and acquired resistance. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1394702. [PMID: 38841166 PMCID: PMC11150659 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1394702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncoprotein homolog (KRAS) is currently a primary focus of oncologists and translational scientists, driven by exciting results with KRAS-targeted therapies for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. While KRAS mutations continue to drive high cancer diagnosis and death, researchers have developed unique strategies to target KRAS variations. Having been investigated over the past 40 years and considered "undruggable" due to the lack of pharmacological binding pockets, recent breakthroughs and accelerated FDA approval of the first covalent inhibitors targeting KRASG12C, have largely sparked further drug development. Small molecule development has targeted the previously identified primary location alterations such as G12, G13, Q61, and expanded to address the emerging secondary mutations and acquired resistance. Of interest, the non-covalent KRASG12D targeting inhibitor MRTX-1133 has shown promising results in humanized pancreatic cancer mouse models and is seemingly making its way from bench to bedside. While this manuscript was under review a novel class of first covalent inhibitors specific for G12D was published, These so-called malolactones can crosslink both GDP and GTP bound forms of G12D. Inhibition of the latter state suppressed downstream signaling and cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in mouse xenografts. Moreover, a non-covalent pan-KRAS inhibitor, BI-2865, reduced tumor proliferation in cell lines and mouse models. Finally, the next generation of KRAS mutant-specific and pan-RAS tri-complex inhibitors have revolutionized RAS drug discovery. This review will give a structural biology perspective on the current generation of KRAS inhibitors through the lens of emerging secondary mutations and acquired resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameela Lokhandwala
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Tracess B. Smalley
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Timothy H. Tran
- Chemical Biology Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
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Kong M, Zhao W, Wang C, Qi J, Liu J, Zhang Q. A Well-Established Gut Microbiota Enhances the Efficiency of Nutrient Metabolism and Improves the Growth Performance of Trachinotus ovatus. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5525. [PMID: 38791564 PMCID: PMC11121967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has become an essential component of the host organism and plays a crucial role in the host immune system, metabolism, and physiology. Nevertheless, our comprehension of how the fish gut microbiota contributes to enhancing nutrient utilization in the diet and improving host growth performance remains unclear. In this study, we employed a comprehensive analysis of the microbiome, metabolome, and transcriptome to analyze intestines of the normal control group and the antibiotic-treated model group of T. ovatus to investigate how the gut microbiota enhances fish growth performance and uncover the underlying mechanisms. First, we found that the growth performance of the control group was significantly higher than that of the antibiotic-treated model under the same feeding conditions. Subsequent multiomics analyses showed that the gut microbiota can improve its own composition by mediating the colonization of some probiotics represented by Lactobacillus in the intestine, improving host metabolic efficiency with proteins and lipids, and also influencing the expression of genes in signaling pathways related to cell proliferation, which together contribute to the improved growth performance of T. ovatus. Our results demonstrated the important contribution of gut microbiota and its underlying molecular mechanisms on the growth performance of T. ovatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Kong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572025, China; (M.K.); (W.Z.); (C.W.); (J.Q.); (J.L.)
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wendong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572025, China; (M.K.); (W.Z.); (C.W.); (J.Q.); (J.L.)
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572025, China; (M.K.); (W.Z.); (C.W.); (J.Q.); (J.L.)
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jie Qi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572025, China; (M.K.); (W.Z.); (C.W.); (J.Q.); (J.L.)
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jinxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572025, China; (M.K.); (W.Z.); (C.W.); (J.Q.); (J.L.)
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572025, China; (M.K.); (W.Z.); (C.W.); (J.Q.); (J.L.)
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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Linette GP, Bear AS, Carreno BM. Facts and Hopes in Immunotherapy Strategies Targeting Antigens Derived from KRAS Mutations. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:2017-2024. [PMID: 38266167 PMCID: PMC11094419 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
In this commentary, we advance the notion that mutant KRAS (mKRAS) is an ideal tumor neoantigen that is amenable for targeting by the adaptive immune system. Recent progress highlights key advances on various fronts that validate mKRAS as a molecular target and support further pursuit as an immunological target. Because mKRAS is an intracellular membrane localized protein and not normally expressed on the cell surface, we surmise that proteasome degradation will generate short peptides that bind to HLA class I (HLA-I) molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum for transport through the Golgi for display on the cell surface. T-cell receptors (TCR)αβ and antibodies have been isolated that specifically recognize mKRAS encoded epitope(s) or haptenated-mKRAS peptides in the context of HLA-I on tumor cells. Case reports using adoptive T-cell therapy provide proof of principle that KRAS G12D can be successfully targeted by the immune system in patients with cancer. Among the challenges facing investigators is the requirement of precision medicine to identify and match patients to available mKRAS peptide/HLA therapeutics and to increase the population coverage by targeting additional mKRAS epitopes. Ultimately, we envision mKRAS-directed immunotherapy as an effective treatment option for selected patients that will complement and perhaps synergize with small-molecule mKRAS inhibitors and targeted mKRAS degraders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald P. Linette
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Adham S. Bear
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Beatriz M. Carreno
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Sun R, Hu Y, Liu X, Lin Y, Lv D, Li W, Fu L, Jiang F. Discovery, optimization and biological activity evaluation of genipin derivatives as potential KRAS G12D inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2024; 148:107460. [PMID: 38781668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
A series of genipin derivatives were designed and synthesized as potential inhibitors targeted KRAS G12D mutation. The majority of these compounds demonstrated potential antiproliferative effects against KRAS G12D mutant tumor cells (CT26 and A427). Notably, seven compounds exhibited the anticancer effects with IC50 values ranging from 7.06 to 9.21 µM in CT26 (KRASG12D) and A427 (KRASG12D) cells and effectively suppressed the colony formation of CT26 cells. One representative compound SK12 was selected for further investigation into biological activity and action mechanisms. SK12 markedly induced apoptosis in CT26 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, SK12 elevated the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tumor cells and exhibited a modulatory effect on the KRAS signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting the activation of downstream phosphorylated proteins. The binding affinity of SK12 to KRAS G12D protein was further confirmed by the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay with a binding KD of 157 µM. SK12 also exhibited notable anticancer efficacy in a nude mice tumor model. The relative tumor proliferation rate (T/C) of the experimental group (50 mg/kg) was 31.04 % (P < 0.05), while maintaining a commendable safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd. Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Yangfan Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd. Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Xiangwen Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd. Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Yingjun Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd. Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Dan Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd. Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd. Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Lei Fu
- Academy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, PR China.
| | - Faqin Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd. Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
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Zhou Y, Zeng Z, Li Z, Ruan L, Xie H, Ye F, Huang L, Liu H, Kang L. The relationship of KRAS expression with KRAS status, prognosis, and tumor-infiltrated T lymphocytes in colorectal cancer. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2024; 17:17562848241249387. [PMID: 38757097 PMCID: PMC11097731 DOI: 10.1177/17562848241249387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The significance of Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS) mutation in colorectal cancer (CRC) is well established; yet, its association with KRAS expression and prognosis warrants further investigation. While high KRAS expression is commonly linked with poorer prognosis in other cancers, its role in CRC remains relatively understudied. Objective To explore the correlation between KRAS expression, KRAS status, prognosis, and tumor-infiltrating T lymphocyte density in CRC. Design Single-center retrospective study. Methods Conducted between 2010 and 2020, this study utilized tumor samples to assess KRAS expression and quantify CD3+/CD8+ T lymphocytes. The Cox proportional hazards model and linear regression analysis were employed to examine the relationship between KRAS expression, prognosis, and tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes. Results This study included 265 CRC patients who underwent radical surgery. No significant association was observed between KRAS expression and KRAS status (p > 0.05). High KRAS expression was associated with poorer overall survival and disease-free survival (p < 0.05). Subgroup analysis revealed that high KRAS expression remained indicative of a worse prognosis in the group with mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) and KRAS mutant type (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis confirmed KRAS expression as an unfavorable prognostic factor (p < 0.05). However, the significance of KRAS expression was lost in the dMMR and KRAS mutant-type group regarding overall survival (p > 0.05). Notably, KRAS expression showed a negative correlation with the density of CD8+ T lymphocytes in tumor tissue (p < 0.05), a finding also observed in the dMMR group (p < 0.05). Conclusion No association was found between KRAS expression and KRAS mutation status in CRC. Higher KRAS expression was indicative of poorer prognosis for CRC patients, except for those with proficient mismatch repair and KRAS wild type. In addition, in patients with dMMR, KRAS expression was associated with a lower density of CD8+ T lymphocytes in tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yebohao Zhou
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziwei Zeng
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ze Li
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Ruan
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Xie
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fujin Ye
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Huang
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huashan Liu
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Kang
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Suarez CF, Harb OA, Robledo A, Largoza G, Ahn JJ, Alley EK, Wu T, Veeraragavan S, McClugage ST, Iacobas I, Fish JE, Kan PT, Marrelli SP, Wythe JD. MEK signaling represents a viable therapeutic vulnerability of KRAS-driven somatic brain arteriovenous malformations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.15.594335. [PMID: 38766159 PMCID: PMC11101126 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.15.594335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) are direct connections between arteries and veins that remodel into a complex nidus susceptible to rupture and hemorrhage. Most sporadic bAVMs feature somatic activating mutations within KRAS, and endothelial-specific expression of the constitutively active variant KRASG12D models sporadic bAVM in mice. By leveraging 3D-based micro-CT imaging, we demonstrate that KRASG12D-driven bAVMs arise in stereotypical anatomical locations within the murine brain, which coincide with high endogenous Kras expression. We extend these analyses to show that a distinct variant, KRASG12C, also generates bAVMs in predictable locations. Analysis of 15,000 human patients revealed that, similar to murine models, bAVMs preferentially occur in distinct regions of the adult brain. Furthermore, bAVM location correlates with hemorrhagic frequency. Quantification of 3D imaging revealed that G12D and G12C alter vessel density, tortuosity, and diameter within the mouse brain. Notably, aged G12D mice feature increased lethality, as well as impaired cognition and motor function. Critically, we show that pharmacological blockade of the downstream kinase, MEK, after lesion formation ameliorates KRASG12D-driven changes in the murine cerebrovasculature and may also impede bAVM progression in human pediatric patients. Collectively, these data show that distinct KRAS variants drive bAVMs in similar patterns and suggest MEK inhibition represents a non-surgical alternative therapy for sporadic bAVM.
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