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Anazia K, Koenekoop L, Ferré G, Petracco E, Gutiérrez-de-Teran H, Eddy MT. Interaction Networks within Disease-Associated Gα S Variants Characterized by an Integrative Biophysical Approach. J Biol Chem 2024:107497. [PMID: 38925329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Activation of G proteins through nucleotide exchange initiates intracellular signaling cascades essential for life processes. Under normal conditions, nucleotide exchange is regulated by the formation of G protein-G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) complexes. Single point mutations in the Gα subunit of G proteins bypass this interaction, leading to loss-of-function or constitutive gain-of-function, which is closely linked with the onset of multiple diseases. Despite the recognized significance of Gα mutations in disease pathology, structural information for most variants is lacking, potentially due to inherent protein dynamics that pose challenges for crystallography. To address this, we leveraged an integrative spectroscopic and computational approach to structurally characterize seven of the most frequently observed clinically-relevant mutations in the stimulatory Gα subunit, GαS. A previously proposed allosteric model of Gα activation linked structural changes in the nucleotide binding pocket with functionally important changes in interactions between switch regions. We investigated this allosteric connection in GαS by integrating data from variable temperature CD spectroscopy, which measured changes in global protein structure and stability, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, which observed changes in interaction networks between GαS switch regions. Further, saturation-transfer difference NMR (STD-NMR) spectroscopy was applied to observe changes in nucleotide interactions with residues within the nucleotide binding site. These data have enabled testing of predictions regarding how mutations in GαS result in loss or gain of function and evaluation of proposed structural mechanisms. The integration of experimental and computational data allowed us to propose a more nuanced classification of mechanisms underlying GαS gain-of-function and loss-of-function mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Anazia
- Department of Chemistry; University of Florida; Gainesville, FL, 32611; USA
| | - Lucien Koenekoop
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University; Uppsala, 75105; Sweden
| | - Guillaume Ferré
- Department of Chemistry; University of Florida; Gainesville, FL, 32611; USA
| | - Enzo Petracco
- Department of Chemistry; University of Florida; Gainesville, FL, 32611; USA; URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, Pomacle, France
| | | | - Matthew T Eddy
- Department of Chemistry; University of Florida; Gainesville, FL, 32611; USA.
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2
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Batebi H, Pérez-Hernández G, Rahman SN, Lan B, Kamprad A, Shi M, Speck D, Tiemann JKS, Guixà-González R, Reinhardt F, Stadler PF, Papasergi-Scott MM, Skiniotis G, Scheerer P, Kobilka BK, Mathiesen JM, Liu X, Hildebrand PW. Mechanistic insights into G-protein coupling with an agonist-bound G-protein-coupled receptor. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2024:10.1038/s41594-024-01334-2. [PMID: 38867113 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-024-01334-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) activate heterotrimeric G proteins by promoting guanine nucleotide exchange. Here, we investigate the coupling of G proteins with GPCRs and describe the events that ultimately lead to the ejection of GDP from its binding pocket in the Gα subunit, the rate-limiting step during G-protein activation. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the temporal progression of structural rearrangements of GDP-bound Gs protein (Gs·GDP; hereafter GsGDP) upon coupling to the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) in atomic detail. The binding of GsGDP to the β2AR is followed by long-range allosteric effects that significantly reduce the energy needed for GDP release: the opening of α1-αF helices, the displacement of the αG helix and the opening of the α-helical domain. Signal propagation to the Gs occurs through an extended receptor interface, including a lysine-rich motif at the intracellular end of a kinked transmembrane helix 6, which was confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis and functional assays. From this β2AR-GsGDP intermediate, Gs undergoes an in-plane rotation along the receptor axis to approach the β2AR-Gsempty state. The simulations shed light on how the structural elements at the receptor-G-protein interface may interact to transmit the signal over 30 Å to the nucleotide-binding site. Our analysis extends the current limited view of nucleotide-free snapshots to include additional states and structural features responsible for signaling and G-protein coupling specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Batebi
- Universität Leipzig, Medizinische Fakultät, Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Leipzig, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Physik, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guillermo Pérez-Hernández
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabrina N Rahman
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Baoliang Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Antje Kamprad
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Group Structural Biology of Cellular Signaling, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mingyu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - David Speck
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Group Structural Biology of Cellular Signaling, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanna K S Tiemann
- Universität Leipzig, Medizinische Fakultät, Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Leipzig, Germany
- Novozymes A/S, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ramon Guixà-González
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Franziska Reinhardt
- Universität Leipzig, Department of Computer Science, Bioinformatics, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter F Stadler
- Universität Leipzig, Department of Computer Science, Bioinformatics, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Makaía M Papasergi-Scott
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Georgios Skiniotis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Scheerer
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Group Structural Biology of Cellular Signaling, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brian K Kobilka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jesper M Mathiesen
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Peter W Hildebrand
- Universität Leipzig, Medizinische Fakultät, Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Leipzig, Germany.
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Berlin, Germany.
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3
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Pepanian A, Sommerfeld P, Binbay FA, Fischer D, Pietsch M, Imhof D. In-depth analysis of Gαs protein activity by probing different fluorescently labeled guanine nucleotides. Biol Chem 2024; 405:297-309. [PMID: 38353111 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2023-0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
G proteins are interacting partners of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in eukaryotic cells. Upon G protein activation, the ability of the Gα subunit to exchange GDP for GTP determines the intracellular signal transduction. Although various studies have successfully shown that both Gαs and Gαi have an opposite effect on the intracellular cAMP production, with the latter being commonly described as "more active", the functional analysis of Gαs is a comparably more complicated matter. Additionally, the thorough investigation of the ubiquitously expressed variants of Gαs, Gαs(short) and Gαs(long), is still pending. Since the previous experimental evaluation of the activity and function of the Gαs isoforms is not consistent, the focus was laid on structural investigations to understand the GTPase activity. Herein, we examined recombinant human Gαs by applying an established methodological setup developed for Gαi characterization. The ability for GTP binding was evaluated with fluorescence and fluorescence anisotropy assays, whereas the intrinsic hydrolytic activity of the isoforms was determined by a GTPase assay. Among different nucleotide probes, BODIPY FL GTPγS exhibited the highest binding affinity towards the Gαs subunit. This work provides a deeper understanding of the Gαs subunit and provides novel information concerning the differences between the two protein variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pepanian
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Paul Sommerfeld
- Institutes I & II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Furkan Ayberk Binbay
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dietmar Fischer
- Institutes I & II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Pietsch
- Institutes I & II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences, TH Köln-University of Applied Sciences, Campus Leverkusen, D-51379 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Diana Imhof
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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Bi M, Wang X, Wang J, Xu J, Sun W, Adediwura VA, Miao Y, Cheng Y, Ye L. Structure and function of an intermediate GPCR-Gαβγ complex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.02.587841. [PMID: 38617296 PMCID: PMC11014534 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.02.587841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Unraveling the signaling roles of intermediate complexes is pivotal for G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) drug development. Despite hundreds of GPCR-Gαβγ structures, these snapshots primarily capture the fully activated end-state complex. Consequently, a comprehensive understanding of the conformational transitions during GPCR activation and the roles of intermediate GPCR-G protein complexes in signaling remain elusive. Guided by a conformational landscape profiled by 19 F quantitative NMR ( 19 F-qNMR) and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, we resolved the structure of an unliganded GPCR-G protein intermediate complex by blocking its transition to the fully activated end-state complex. More importantly, we presented direct evidence that the intermediate GPCR-Gαsβγ complex initiates a rate-limited nucleotide exchange without progressing to the fully activated end-state complex, thereby bridging a significant gap in our understanding the complexity of GPCR signaling. Understanding the roles of individual conformational states and their complexes in signaling efficacy and bias will help us to design drugs that discriminately target a disease-related conformation.
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Chung YK, Chan HY, Lee TY, Wong YH. Inhibition of adenylyl cyclase by GTPase-deficient Gα i is mechanistically different from that mediated by receptor-activated Gα i. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:218. [PMID: 38581012 PMCID: PMC10996109 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01572-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) has been a major focus in cell biology for decades. Numerous disorders are associated with GPCRs that utilize Gi proteins to inhibit adenylyl cyclase (AC) as well as regulate other effectors. Several early studies have successfully defined the AC-interacting domains of several members of Gαi by measuring the loss of activity upon homologous replacements of putative regions of constitutive active Gαi mutants. However, whether such findings can indeed be translated into the context of a receptor-activated Gαi have not been rigorously verified. To address this issue, an array of known and new chimeric mutations was introduced into GTPase-deficient Q204L (QL) and R178C (RC) mutants of Gαi1, followed by examinations on their ability to inhibit AC. Surprisingly, most chimeras failed to abolish the constitutive activity brought on by the QL mutation, while some were able to eliminate the inhibitory activity of RC mutants. Receptor-mediated inhibition of AC was similarly observed in the same chimeric constructs harbouring the pertussis toxin (PTX)-resistant C351I mutation. Moreover, RC-bearing loss-of-function chimeras appeared to be hyper-deactivated by endogenous RGS protein. Molecular docking revealed a potential interaction between AC and the α3/β5 loop of Gαi1. Subsequent cAMP assays support a cooperative action of the α3/β5 loop, the α4 helix, and the α4/β6 loop in mediating AC inhibition by Gαi1-i3. Our results unveiled a notable functional divergence between constitutively active mutants and receptor-activated Gαi1 to inhibit AC, and identified a previously unknown AC-interacting domain of Gαi subunits. These results collectively provide valuable insights on the mechanism of AC inhibition in the cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Kwan Chung
- Division of Life Science and Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ho Yung Chan
- Division of Life Science and Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tung Yeung Lee
- Division of Life Science and Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yung Hou Wong
- Division of Life Science and Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, and the Molecular Neuroscience Center, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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6
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Ash LJ, Busia-Bourdain O, Okpattah D, Kamel A, Liberchuk A, Wolfe AL. KRAS: Biology, Inhibition, and Mechanisms of Inhibitor Resistance. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:2024-2046. [PMID: 38668053 PMCID: PMC11049385 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31040150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
KRAS is a small GTPase that is among the most commonly mutated oncogenes in cancer. Here, we discuss KRAS biology, therapeutic avenues to target it, and mechanisms of resistance that tumors employ in response to KRAS inhibition. Several strategies are under investigation for inhibiting oncogenic KRAS, including small molecule compounds targeting specific KRAS mutations, pan-KRAS inhibitors, PROTACs, siRNAs, PNAs, and mutant KRAS-specific immunostimulatory strategies. A central challenge to therapeutic effectiveness is the frequent development of resistance to these treatments. Direct resistance mechanisms can involve KRAS mutations that reduce drug efficacy or copy number alterations that increase the expression of mutant KRAS. Indirect resistance mechanisms arise from mutations that can rescue mutant KRAS-dependent cells either by reactivating the same signaling or via alternative pathways. Further, non-mutational forms of resistance can take the form of epigenetic marks, transcriptional reprogramming, or alterations within the tumor microenvironment. As the possible strategies to inhibit KRAS expand, understanding the nuances of resistance mechanisms is paramount to the development of both enhanced therapeutics and innovative drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard J. Ash
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Subprogram of the Biology Ph.D. Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Ottavia Busia-Bourdain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Daniel Okpattah
- Biochemistry Ph.D. Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Avrosina Kamel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Macaulay Honors College, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ariel Liberchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Macaulay Honors College, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andrew L. Wolfe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Subprogram of the Biology Ph.D. Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
- Biochemistry Ph.D. Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
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7
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Janicot R, Maziarz M, Park JC, Zhao J, Luebbers A, Green E, Philibert CE, Zhang H, Layne MD, Wu JC, Garcia-Marcos M. Direct interrogation of context-dependent GPCR activity with a universal biosensor platform. Cell 2024; 187:1527-1546.e25. [PMID: 38412860 PMCID: PMC10947893 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of druggable proteins encoded in the human genome, but progress in understanding and targeting them is hindered by the lack of tools to reliably measure their nuanced behavior in physiologically relevant contexts. Here, we developed a collection of compact ONE vector G-protein Optical (ONE-GO) biosensor constructs as a scalable platform that can be conveniently deployed to measure G-protein activation by virtually any GPCR with high fidelity even when expressed endogenously in primary cells. By characterizing dozens of GPCRs across many cell types like primary cardiovascular cells or neurons, we revealed insights into the molecular basis for G-protein coupling selectivity of GPCRs, pharmacogenomic profiles of anti-psychotics on naturally occurring GPCR variants, and G-protein subtype signaling bias by endogenous GPCRs depending on cell type or upon inducing disease-like states. In summary, this open-source platform makes the direct interrogation of context-dependent GPCR activity broadly accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Janicot
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Marcin Maziarz
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jong-Chan Park
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jingyi Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Alex Luebbers
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Elena Green
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Clementine Eva Philibert
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mathew D Layne
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Anazia K, Koenekoop L, Ferré G, Petracco E, Gutiérrez-de-Teran H, Eddy MT. Visualizing the impact of disease-associated mutations on G protein-nucleotide interactions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.30.578006. [PMID: 38352316 PMCID: PMC10862895 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.30.578006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Activation of G proteins stimulates ubiquitous intracellular signaling cascades essential for life processes. Under normal physiological conditions, nucleotide exchange is initiated upon the formation of complexes between a G protein and G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), which facilitates exchange of bound GDP for GTP, subsequently dissociating the trimeric G protein into its Gα and Gβγ subunits. However, single point mutations in Gα circumvent nucleotide exchange regulated by GPCR-G protein interactions, leading to either loss-of-function or constitutive gain-of-function. Mutations in several Gα subtypes are closely linked to the development of multiple diseases, including several intractable cancers. We leveraged an integrative spectroscopic and computational approach to investigate the mechanisms by which seven of the most frequently observed clinically-relevant mutations in the α subunit of the stimulatory G protein result in functional changes. Variable temperature circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy showed a bimodal distribution of thermal melting temperatures across all GαS variants. Modeling from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations established a correlation between observed thermal melting temperatures and structural changes caused by the mutations. Concurrently, saturation-transfer difference NMR (STD-NMR) highlighted variations in the interactions of GαS variants with bound nucleotides. MD simulations indicated that changes in local interactions within the nucleotide-binding pocket did not consistently align with global structural changes. This collective evidence suggests a multifaceted energy landscape, wherein each mutation may introduce distinct perturbations to the nucleotide-binding site and protein-protein interaction sites. Consequently, it underscores the importance of tailoring therapeutic strategies to address the unique challenges posed by individual mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Anazia
- Department of Chemistry; University of Florida; Gainesville, FL, 32611; USA
| | - Lucien Koenekoop
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University; Uppsala, 75105; Sweden
| | - Guillaume Ferré
- Department of Chemistry; University of Florida; Gainesville, FL, 32611; USA
- Present address: Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Enzo Petracco
- Department of Chemistry; University of Florida; Gainesville, FL, 32611; USA
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, Pomacle, France
| | | | - Matthew T. Eddy
- Department of Chemistry; University of Florida; Gainesville, FL, 32611; USA
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9
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Li Y, Lin J, Fu S, Li L, Huang Z, Yang H, Liang X, Qin Y, Zhou J, Liu D, Luo Z. The mystery of transient pregnancy-induced cushing's syndrome: a case report and literature review highlighting GNAS somatic mutations and LHCGR overexpression. Endocrine 2024; 83:473-482. [PMID: 37828397 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03549-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transient pregnancy-induced Cushing's syndrome is a rare condition characterized by the manifestation of symptoms solely during pregnancy, which typically resolve spontaneously following delivery or miscarriage. While it has been established that GNAS is associated with adrenal tumors, its specific role in the pathogenesis of pregnancy-induced Cushing's syndrome remains uncertain.This work aims to examine the association between GNAS mutation and pregnancy-induced Cushing's syndrome. METHODS DNA was extracted from patients' peripheral blood and tumor tissues for whole-exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing. We used AlphaFold to predict the protein structure of wild-type and mutant GNAS and to make functional predictions, and immunohistochemistry was used to detect disease-associated protein expression. A review and summary of reported cases of transient pregnancy-induced Cushing's syndrome induced by pregnancy was conducted. RESULTS Using WES, we identified a somatic mutation in GNAS (NM_000516, c.C601T, p.R201C) that was predicted to have a deleterious effect using computational methods, such as AlphaFold. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation tests had weakly positive results, and immunohistochemical staining of adrenal adenoma tissue also revealed positivity for luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) and cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily B member 1 (CYP11B1). We reviewed 15 published cases of transient Cushing's syndrome induced by pregnancy. Among these cases, immunohistochemical staining of the adrenal gland showed positive LHCGR expression in 3 case reports, similar to our findings. CONCLUSION Transient pregnancy-induced Cushing's syndrome may be associated with somatic GNAS mutations and altered adrenal pathology due to abnormal activation of LHCGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, P. R. China
| | - Jianfan Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, P. R. China
| | - Shien Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, P. R. China
| | - Zhenxing Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, P. R. China
| | - Xinghuan Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, P. R. China
| | - Yingfen Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, P. R. China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, P. R. China
| | - Deyun Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, P. R. China
| | - Zuojie Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, P. R. China.
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10
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Janicot R, Maziarz M, Park JC, Luebbers A, Green E, Zhao J, Philibert C, Zhang H, Layne MD, Wu JC, Garcia-Marcos M. Direct interrogation of context-dependent GPCR activity with a universal biosensor platform. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.02.573921. [PMID: 38260348 PMCID: PMC10802303 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.02.573921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of druggable proteins in the human genome, but progress in understanding and targeting them is hindered by the lack of tools to reliably measure their nuanced behavior in physiologically-relevant contexts. Here, we developed a collection of compact ONE vector G-protein Optical (ONE-GO) biosensor constructs as a scalable platform that can be conveniently deployed to measure G-protein activation by virtually any GPCR with high fidelity even when expressed endogenously in primary cells. By characterizing dozens of GPCRs across many cell types like primary cardiovascular cells or neurons, we revealed new insights into the molecular basis for G-protein coupling selectivity of GPCRs, pharmacogenomic profiles of anti-psychotics on naturally-occurring GPCR variants, and G-protein subtype signaling bias by endogenous GPCRs depending on cell type or upon inducing disease-like states. In summary, this open-source platform makes the direct interrogation of context-dependent GPCR activity broadly accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Janicot
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Marcin Maziarz
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jong-Chan Park
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Alex Luebbers
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Elena Green
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jingyi Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Clementine Philibert
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mathew D. Layne
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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11
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Malakoutikhah M, Mahran R, Gooran N, Masoumi A, Lundell K, Liljeblad A, Guiley K, Dai S, Zheng Q, Zhu L, Shokat KM, Kopra K, Härmä H. Nanomolar Protein Thermal Profiling with Modified Cyanine Dyes. Anal Chem 2023; 95:18344-18351. [PMID: 38060502 PMCID: PMC10733900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Protein properties and interactions have been widely investigated by using external labels. However, the micromolar sensitivity of the current dyes limits their applicability due to the high material consumption and assay cost. In response to this challenge, we synthesized a series of cyanine5 (Cy5) dye-based quencher molecules to develop an external dye technique to probe proteins at the nanomolar protein level in a high-throughput one-step assay format. Several families of Cy5 dye-based quenchers with ring and/or side-chain modifications were designed and synthesized by introducing organic small molecules or peptides. Our results showed that steric hindrance and electrostatic interactions are more important than hydrophobicity in the interaction between the luminescent negatively charged europium-chelate-labeled peptide (Eu-probe) and the quencher molecules. The presence of substituents on the quencher indolenine rings reduces their quenching property, whereas the increased positive charge on the indolenine side chain improved the interaction between the quenchers and the luminescent compound. The designed quencher structures entirely altered the dynamics of the Eu-probe (protein-probe) for studying protein stability and interactions, as we were able to reduce the quencher concentration 100-fold. Moreover, the new quencher molecules allowed us to conduct the experiments using neutral buffer conditions, known as the peptide-probe assay. These improvements enabled us to apply the method in a one-step format for nanomolar protein-ligand interaction and protein profiling studies instead of the previously developed two-step protocol. These improvements provide a faster and simpler method with lower material consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Randa Mahran
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Turku, Henrikinkatu 2, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Negin Gooran
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Turku, Henrikinkatu 2, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Ahmadreza Masoumi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Turku, Henrikinkatu 2, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Katri Lundell
- Laboratory
of Synthetic Drug Chemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Arto Liljeblad
- Laboratory
of Synthetic Drug Chemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Keelan Guiley
- Department
of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Current
address: Rezo Therapeutics, Inc., San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Shizhong Dai
- Department
of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Current
address: Department of Genetics, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Qinheng Zheng
- Department
of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Lawrence Zhu
- Department
of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Kevan M. Shokat
- Department
of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Kari Kopra
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Turku, Henrikinkatu 2, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Härmä
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Turku, Henrikinkatu 2, 20500 Turku, Finland
- Department
of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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12
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Bertin H, Moussa MS, Komarova S. Efficacy of antiresorptive agents in fibrous dysplasia and McCune Albright syndrome, a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:1103-1119. [PMID: 37632645 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09832-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a rare skeletal disorder in which normal bone is replaced by a fibro-osseous tissue, resulting in possible deformities and fractures. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize the available evidence on the use of antiresorptive drugs in FD in terms of changes in bone turnover markers (BTMs), bone mineral density (BMD), and reducing pain. Three databases were searched in October 2022, with an update in July 2023. Of the 1037 studies identified, 21 were retained after eligibility assessment. A random-effects model was used to calculate global effect size and the corresponding standard error. Pamidronate and Denosumab were the most reported drugs in a total of 374 patients assessed. The initiation of treatments was accompanied by an average reduction of 40.5% [CI95% -51.6, -29.3] in the bone resorption parameters, and 22.0% [CI95% -31.9, -12.1] in the parameters of bone formation after 6-12 months. BMD was increased in both FD lesions and in the unaffected skeleton. Pain was reduced by 32.7% [CI95% -52.7, -12.6] after 6-12 months of treatment, and by 44.5% [CI95% -65.3, -23.6] after a mean 41.2 months of follow-up. The variation in pain was highly correlated to variation in bone resorption (R2 = 0.08, p < 0.0001) and formation parameters (R2 = 0.17, p < 0.0001). This study supports the overall efficacy of antiresorptive therapies in terms of reducing bone remodeling, improving bone density, and pain in FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélios Bertin
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1G1, Canada.
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale et stomatologie, F-44000, Nantes, France.
- Nantes Université, UnivAngers, CHU Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CRCI2NA, F-44000, Nantes, France.
| | - Mahmoud S Moussa
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1G1, Canada
- Shriners Hospitals for Children - Canada, Montreal, QC, H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - Svetlana Komarova
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1G1, Canada
- Shriners Hospitals for Children - Canada, Montreal, QC, H4A 0A9, Canada
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13
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Binbay FA, Rathod DC, George AAP, Imhof D. Quality Assessment of Selected Protein Structures Derived from Homology Modeling and AlphaFold. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1662. [PMID: 38139789 PMCID: PMC10747200 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
With technology advancing, many prediction algorithms have been developed to facilitate the modeling of inherently dynamic and flexible macromolecules such as proteins. Improvements in the prediction of protein structures have attracted a great deal of attention due to the advantages they offer, e.g., in drug design. While trusted experimental methods, such as X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, and electron microscopy, are preferred structure analysis techniques, in silico approaches are also being widely used. Two computational methods, which are on opposite ends of the spectrum with respect to their modus operandi, i.e., homology modeling and AlphaFold, have been established to provide high-quality structures. Here, a comparative study of the quality of structures either predicted by homology modeling or by AlphaFold is presented based on the characteristics determined by experimental studies using structure validation servers to fulfill the purpose. Although AlphaFold is able to predict high-quality structures, high-confidence parts are sometimes observed to be in disagreement with experimental data. On the other hand, while the structures obtained from homology modeling are successful in incorporating all aspects of the experimental structure used as a template, this method may struggle to accurately model a structure in the absence of a suitable template. In general, although both methods produce high-quality models, the criteria by which they are superior to each other are different and thus discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furkan Ayberk Binbay
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dhruv Chetanbhai Rathod
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Diana Imhof
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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14
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Cui Y, Miao Y, Cao L, Guo L, Cui Y, Yan C, Zeng Z, Xu M, Han T. Activation of melanocortin-1 receptor signaling in melanoma cells impairs T cell infiltration to dampen antitumor immunity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5740. [PMID: 37714844 PMCID: PMC10504282 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of T cell infiltration dampens antitumor immunity and causes resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. By in vivo CRISPR screening in B16F10 melanoma in female mice, here we report that loss of melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) in melanoma cells activates antitumor T cell response and overcomes resistance to ICB. Depletion of MC1R from another melanocytic melanoma model HCmel1274 also enhances ICB efficacy. By activating the GNAS-PKA axis, MC1R inhibits interferon-gamma induced CXCL9/10/11 transcription, thus impairing T cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment. In human melanomas, high MC1R expression correlates with reduced CXCL9/10/11 expression, impaired T cell infiltration, and poor patient prognosis. Whereas MC1R activation is restricted to melanoma, GNAS activation by hotspot mutations is observed across diverse cancer types and is associated with reduced CXCL9/10/11 expression. Our study implicates MC1R as a melanoma immunotherapy target and suggests GNAS-PKA signaling as a pan-cancer oncogenic pathway inhibiting antitumor T cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhong Cui
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100730, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Miao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206, Beijing, China
- PTN Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Longzhi Cao
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100730, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Lifang Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100020, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Cui
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206, Beijing, China
- Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanzhe Yan
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206, Beijing, China
- PTN Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Zeng
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100730, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Mo Xu
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100730, Beijing, China.
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206, Beijing, China.
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, 102206, Beijing, China.
| | - Ting Han
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100730, Beijing, China.
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206, Beijing, China.
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, 102206, Beijing, China.
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15
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Park JC, Luebbers A, Dao M, Semeano A, Nguyen AM, Papakonstantinou MP, Broselid S, Yano H, Martemyanov KA, Garcia-Marcos M. Fine-tuning GPCR-mediated neuromodulation by biasing signaling through different G protein subunits. Mol Cell 2023; 83:2540-2558.e12. [PMID: 37390816 PMCID: PMC10527995 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate neuromodulation through the activation of heterotrimeric G proteins (Gαβγ). Classical models depict that G protein activation leads to a one-to-one formation of Gα-GTP and Gβγ species. Each of these species propagates signaling by independently acting on effectors, but the mechanisms by which response fidelity is ensured by coordinating Gα and Gβγ responses remain unknown. Here, we reveal a paradigm of G protein regulation whereby the neuronal protein GINIP (Gα inhibitory interacting protein) biases inhibitory GPCR responses to favor Gβγ over Gα signaling. Tight binding of GINIP to Gαi-GTP precludes its association with effectors (adenylyl cyclase) and, simultaneously, with regulator-of-G-protein-signaling (RGS) proteins that accelerate deactivation. As a consequence, Gαi-GTP signaling is dampened, whereas Gβγ signaling is enhanced. We show that this mechanism is essential to prevent the imbalances of neurotransmission that underlie increased seizure susceptibility in mice. Our findings reveal an additional layer of regulation within a quintessential mechanism of signal transduction that sets the tone of neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Chan Park
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Alex Luebbers
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Maria Dao
- U.F. Scripps Biomedical Research, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Ana Semeano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anh Minh Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maria P Papakonstantinou
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Stefan Broselid
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Hideaki Yano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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16
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Ray AP, Thakur N, Pour NG, Eddy MT. Dual mechanisms of cholesterol-GPCR interactions that depend on membrane phospholipid composition. Structure 2023; 31:836-847.e6. [PMID: 37236187 PMCID: PMC10330489 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is a critical component of mammalian cell membranes and an allosteric modulator of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), but divergent views exist on the mechanisms by which cholesterol influences receptor functions. Leveraging the benefits of lipid nanodiscs, i.e., quantitative control of lipid composition, we observe distinct impacts of cholesterol in the presence and absence of anionic phospholipids on the function-related conformational dynamics of the human A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR). Direct receptor-cholesterol interactions drive activation of agonist-bound A2AAR in membranes containing zwitterionic phospholipids. Intriguingly, the presence of anionic lipids attenuates cholesterol's impact through direct interactions with the receptor, highlighting a more complex role for cholesterol that depends on membrane phospholipid composition. Targeted amino acid replacements at two frequently predicted cholesterol interaction sites showed distinct impacts of cholesterol at different receptor locations, demonstrating the ability to delineate different roles of cholesterol in modulating receptor signaling and maintaining receptor structural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arka Prabha Ray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 126 Sisler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Naveen Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 126 Sisler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Niloofar Gopal Pour
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 126 Sisler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Matthew T Eddy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 126 Sisler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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17
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Mafi A, Kim SK, Goddard WA. The dynamics of agonist-β 2-adrenergic receptor activation induced by binding of GDP-bound Gs protein. Nat Chem 2023:10.1038/s41557-023-01238-6. [PMID: 37349378 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01238-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
There is considerable uncertainty about the mechanism by which the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) is activated. Here we use molecular metadynamics computations to predict the mechanism by which an agonist induces the activation of the β2AR and its cognate Gs protein. We found that binding agonist alone to the inactive β2AR does not break the ionic lock and hence does not drive the β2AR towards the activated conformation. However, we found that attaching the inactive Gs protein to the agonist-bound inactive β2AR (containing the ionic lock) leads to partial insertion of Gαs-α5 into the core of β2AR, which breaks the ionic lock, leading to activation of the Gs protein coupled to β2AR. Upon activation, the Gαs protein undergoes a remarkable opening of the GDP binding pocket, making the GDP available for exchange or release. Concomitantly, Gαs-α5 undergoes a remarkable expansion in the β2AR cytoplasmic region after the ionic lock is broken, inducing TM6 to displace outward by ~5 Å from TM3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Mafi
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, USA
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Soo-Kyung Kim
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, USA
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, USA.
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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18
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Mascioli I, Iapadre G, Ingrosso D, Donato GD, Giannini C, Salpietro V, Chiarelli F, Farello G. Brain and eye involvement in McCune-Albright Syndrome: clinical and translational insights. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1092252. [PMID: 37274327 PMCID: PMC10235602 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1092252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
McCune-Albright Syndrome (MAS) is a rare mosaic (post-zygotic) genetic disorder presenting with a broad continuum clinical spectrum. MAS arises from somatic, activating mutations in the GNAS gene, which induces a dysregulated Gsα-protein signaling in several tissues and an increased production of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Overall, MAS is a rare disorder affecting less than 1/100,000 children and, for this reason, data establishing genotype-phenotype correlations remain limited. Affected individuals clinically present with a variable combination of fibrous dysplasia of bone (FD), extra-skeletal manifestations (including cafeí-au-lait spots) and precocious puberty which might also be associated to broad hyperfunctioning endocrinopathies, and also gastrointestinal and cardiological involvement. Central nervous system (CNS) and eye involvement in MAS are among the less frequently described complications and remain largely uncharacterized. These rare complications mainly include neurodevelopmental abnormalities (e.g., delayed motor development, cognitive and language impairment), CNS anomalies (e.g., Chiari malformation type I) and a wide array of ophthalmological abnormalities often associated with vision loss. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying abnormal neurological development have not been yet fully elucidated. The proposed mechanisms include a deleterious impact of chronically dysregulated Gsα-protein signaling on neurological function, or a secondary (damaging) effect of (antenatal and/or early postnatal) hypercortisolism on early pre- and post-natal CNS development. In this Review, we summarize the main neurological and ophthalmological features eventually associated with the MAS spectrum, also providing a detailed overview of the potential pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these clinical complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Mascioli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giulia Iapadre
- Department of Pediatrics, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Giulio Di Donato
- Department of Pediatrics, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Cosimo Giannini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanni Farello
- Department of Pediatrics, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
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19
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Meier ME, Hagelstein-Rotman M, Streefland TCM, Winter EM, Bravenboer N, Appelman-Dijkstra NM. Clinical value of RANKL, OPG, IL-6 and sclerostin as biomarkers for fibrous dysplasia/McCune-Albright syndrome. Bone 2023; 171:116744. [PMID: 36958543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrous dysplasia/McCune-Albright syndrome (FD/MAS) is a rare genetic bone disease caused by a somatic mutation in the GNAS gene. Currently used bone turnover markers (BTMs) do not correlate with the clinical picture and are not useful to predict or monitor therapy success. This study assessed the correlation of RANKL, OPG, RANKL/OPG ratio, IL-6 and sclerostin with the classic BTMs alkaline phosphatase (ALP), procollagen type 1 propeptide (P1NP) and beta crosslaps (CTX), with pain, skeletal burden score (SBS) and response to bisphosphonate or denosumab treatment. METHODS Ninety-six serum samples of adult patients >18 years of age with any subtype of FD/MAS were included from the biobank facility of the Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Bone Quality between 2015 and 2021. Standard laboratory assessments were assessed as part of usual care. The concentrations of potential biomarkers RANKL, OPG, sclerostin, IL-6 were analyzed. Data on FD/MAS subtype, age, pain, treatment history and treatment response were retrieved from the electronic patient files. Baseline characteristics were summarized by descriptive statistics. Correlations of the concentrations of the potential biomarkers with classic bone turnover markers, SBS and pain scores were cross-sectionally assessed by Spearman rank order correlation. Correction for multiple testing was performed by Benjamini and Hochberg False Discovery Rate. A sensitivity analyses was performed by excluding patients with SBS below 15 and patients using antiresorptive medication at the time of blood withdrawal or within the wash-out period. In patients treated with bisphosphonates or denosumab after blood withdrawal, pre-treatment concentrations were compared in patients with and without therapy response by Mann Whitney U test. RESULTS The median age of the patients was 41.2 (Q1-Q3 25.9-52.2) years, 62.5 % was female. Median SBS was 2.5 (Q1-Q3 0.5-7.8). RANKL level correlated weakly with ALP (Spearman rho 0.309, p = 0.004, n = 84), but not with P1NP or CTX. The RANKL/OPG ratio, OPG, IL-6 and sclerostin did not correlate with ALP, P1NP or CTX. None of the potential biomarkers correlated with SBS or pain. Results of the sensitivity analyses were comparable. Pre-treatment biomarker levels were similar in patients with and without improvement in pain scores following bisphosphonate therapy. Pre-treatment RANKL and sclerostin were comparable between patients with and without improvement in pain scores after denosumab therapy. Pre-treatment IL-6 level and the RANKL/OPG ratio seemed to be higher in patients with response to denosumab (IL-6: median 0.64 (Q1-Q3 0.53-0.74) pg/mL, n = 6, RANKL/OPG: median 0.062 (Q1-Q3 0.016-0.331), n = 5) compared to patients without response (IL-6: median 0.35 (0.20-0.54) pg/mL, n = 5, RANKL/OPG: 0.027 (0.024-0.046), n = 4). Pre-treatment IL-6 correlated with the improvement in maximum pain scores (rho 0.962, p < 0.001, n = 9) and average pain scores (rho 0.895, p = 0.001, n = 9) reported during denosumab therapy. CONCLUSION Increased concentrations of RANKL, IL-6, sclerostin and of the RANKL/OPG ratio do not indicate severity of FD/MAS, as no correlation was observed of these potential biomarkers with the classic BTMs and SBS. Biomarker levels did not correlate with pain and had no value in predicting bisphosphonate treatment response. These biomarkers are not superior over the currently used methods of assessing ALP, P1NP and CTX or evaluating SBS to establish disease extent or activity and provide no reliable results. Yet, possibly pre-treatment IL-6 and the RANKL/OPG ratio may have some predictive value for clinical response to denosumab. Therefore, studies investigating disease activity and treatment response should include lesional imaging and patient-reported outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Meier
- Center for Bone Quality, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - M Hagelstein-Rotman
- Center for Bone Quality, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - T C M Streefland
- Center for Bone Quality, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - E M Winter
- Center for Bone Quality, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - N Bravenboer
- Center for Bone Quality, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - N M Appelman-Dijkstra
- Center for Bone Quality, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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20
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An Update of G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling and Its Deregulation in Gastric Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030736. [PMID: 36765694 PMCID: PMC9913146 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) belong to a cell surface receptor superfamily responding to a wide range of external signals. The binding of extracellular ligands to GPCRs activates a heterotrimeric G protein and triggers the production of numerous secondary messengers, which transduce the extracellular signals into cellular responses. GPCR signaling is crucial and imperative for maintaining normal tissue homeostasis. High-throughput sequencing analyses revealed the occurrence of the genetic aberrations of GPCRs and G proteins in multiple malignancies. The altered GPCRs/G proteins serve as valuable biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognostic prediction, and pharmacological targets. Furthermore, the dysregulation of GPCR signaling contributes to tumor initiation and development. In this review, we have summarized the research progress of GPCRs and highlighted their mechanisms in gastric cancer (GC). The aberrant activation of GPCRs promotes GC cell proliferation and metastasis, remodels the tumor microenvironment, and boosts immune escape. Through deep investigation, novel therapeutic strategies for targeting GPCR activation have been developed, and the final aim is to eliminate GPCR-driven gastric carcinogenesis.
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21
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Dai SA, Hu Q, Gao R, Blythe EE, Touhara KK, Peacock H, Zhang Z, von Zastrow M, Suga H, Shokat KM. State-selective modulation of heterotrimeric Gαs signaling with macrocyclic peptides. Cell 2022; 185:3950-3965.e25. [PMID: 36170854 PMCID: PMC9747239 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The G protein-coupled receptor cascade leading to production of the second messenger cAMP is replete with pharmacologically targetable proteins, with the exception of the Gα subunit, Gαs. GTPases remain largely undruggable given the difficulty of displacing high-affinity guanine nucleotides and the lack of other drug binding sites. We explored a chemical library of 1012 cyclic peptides to expand the chemical search for inhibitors of this enzyme class. We identified two macrocyclic peptides, GN13 and GD20, that antagonize the active and inactive states of Gαs, respectively. Both macrocyclic peptides fine-tune Gαs activity with high nucleotide-binding-state selectivity and G protein class-specificity. Co-crystal structures reveal that GN13 and GD20 distinguish the conformational differences within the switch II/α3 pocket. Cell-permeable analogs of GN13 and GD20 modulate Gαs/Gβγ signaling in cells through binding to crystallographically defined pockets. The discovery of cyclic peptide inhibitors targeting Gαs provides a path for further development of state-dependent GTPase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhong A Dai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Qi Hu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Rong Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Emily E Blythe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kouki K Touhara
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Hayden Peacock
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Mark von Zastrow
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Hiroaki Suga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Kevan M Shokat
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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22
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Randolph CE, Dwyer MB, Aumiller JL, Dixon AJ, Inoue A, Osei-Owusu P, Wedegaertner PB. Enhanced membrane binding of oncogenic G protein αqQ209L confers resistance to inhibitor YM-254890. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102538. [PMID: 36174676 PMCID: PMC9626947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins couple activated G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) to intracellular signaling pathways. They can also function independently of GPCR activation upon acquiring mutations that prevent GTPase activity and result in constitutive signaling, as occurs with the αqQ209L mutation in uveal melanoma. YM-254890 (YM) can inhibit signaling by both GPCR-activated WT αq and GPCR-independent αqQ209L. Although YM inhibits WT αq by binding to αq-GDP and preventing GDP/GTP exchange, the mechanism of YM inhibition of cellular αqQ209L remains to be fully understood. Here, we show that YM promotes a subcellular redistribution of αqQ209L from the plasma membrane (PM) to the cytoplasm. To test if this loss of PM localization could contribute to the mechanism of inhibition of αqQ209L by YM, we developed and examined N-terminal mutants of αqQ209L, termed PM-restricted αqQ209L, in which the addition of membrane-binding motifs enhanced PM localization and prevented YM-promoted redistribution. Treatment of cells with YM failed to inhibit signaling by these PM-restricted αqQ209L. Additionally, pull-down experiments demonstrated that YM promotes similar conformational changes in both αqQ209L and PM-restricted αqQ209L, resulting in increased binding to βγ and decreased binding to regulator RGS2, and effectors p63RhoGEF-DH/PH and phospholipase C-β. GPCR-dependent signaling by PM-restricted WT αq is strongly inhibited by YM, demonstrating that resistance to YM inhibition by membrane-binding mutants is specific to constitutively active αqQ209L. Together, these results indicate that changes in membrane binding impact the ability of YM to inhibit αqQ209L and suggest that YM contributes to inhibition of αqQ209L by promoting its relocalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinita E Randolph
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Morgan B Dwyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jenna L Aumiller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Alethia J Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Patrick Osei-Owusu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Philip B Wedegaertner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.
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23
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Zhang Y, Zhang B, Li Y, Dai Y, Li J, Li D, Xia Z, Zhang J, Liu P, Chen M, Jiao B, Ren R. Palmitoylation of GNAQ/11 is critical for tumor cell proliferation and survival in GNAQ/11-mutant uveal melanoma. Front Med 2022; 16:784-798. [PMID: 35997986 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-021-0911-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
More than 85% of patients with uveal melanoma (UM) carry a GNAQ or GNA11 mutation at a hotspot codon (Q209) that encodes G protein α subunit q/11 polypeptides (Gαq/11). GNAQ/11 relies on palmitoylation for membrane association and signal transduction. Despite the palmitoylation of GNAQ/11 was discovered long before, its implication in UM remains unclear. Here, results of palmitoylation-targeted mutagenesis and chemical interference approaches revealed that the loss of GNAQ/11 palmitoylation substantially affected tumor cell proliferation and survival in UM cells. Palmitoylation inhibition through the mutation of palmitoylation sites suppressed GNAQ/11Q209L-induced malignant transformation in NIH3T3 cells. Importantly, the palmitoylation-deficient oncogenic GNAQ/11 failed to rescue the cell death initiated by the knock down of endogenous GNAQ/11 oncogenes in UM cells, which are much more dependent on Gαq/11 signaling for cell survival and proliferation than other melanoma cells without GNAQ/11 mutations. Furthermore, the palmitoylation inhibitor, 2-bromopalmitate, also specifically disrupted Gαq/11 downstream signaling by interfering with the MAPK pathway and BCL2 survival pathway in GNAQ/11-mutant UM cells and showed a notable synergistic effect when applied in combination with the BCL2 inhibitor, ABT-199, in vitro. The findings validate that GNAQ/11 palmitoylation plays a critical role in UM and may serve as a promising therapeutic target for GNAQ/11-driven UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Baoyuan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yongyun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Yuting Dai
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jiaoyang Li
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Donghe Li
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhizhou Xia
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Bo Jiao
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Ruibao Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02454, USA.
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24
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Sabari JK, Velcheti V, Shimizu K, Strickland MR, Heist RS, Singh M, Nayyar N, Giobbie-Hurder A, Digumarthy SR, Gainor JF, Rajan AP, Nieblas-Bedolla E, Burns AC, Hallin J, Olson P, Christensen JG, Kurz SC, Brastianos PK, Wakimoto H. Activity of Adagrasib (MRTX849) in Brain Metastases: Preclinical Models and Clinical Data from Patients with KRASG12C-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:3318-3328. [PMID: 35404402 PMCID: PMC9662862 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with KRAS-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with brain metastases (BM) have a poor prognosis. Adagrasib (MRTX849), a potent oral small-molecule KRASG12C inhibitor, irreversibly and selectively binds KRASG12C, locking it in its inactive state. Adagrasib has been optimized for favorable pharmacokinetic properties, including long half-life (∼24 hours), extensive tissue distribution, dose-dependent pharmacokinetics, and central nervous system penetration; however, BM-specific antitumor activity of KRASG12C inhibitors remains to be fully characterized. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A retrospective database query identified patients with KRAS-mutant NSCLC to understand their propensity to develop BM. Preclinical studies assessed physiochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of adagrasib. Mice bearing intracranial KRASG12C-mutant NSCLC xenografts (LU99-Luc/H23-Luc/LU65-Luc) were treated with clinically relevant adagrasib doses, and levels of adagrasib in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and brain were determined along with antitumor activity. Preliminary clinical data were collected from 2 patients with NSCLC with untreated BM who had received adagrasib 600 mg twice daily in the phase Ib cohort of the KRYSTAL-1 trial; CSF was collected, adagrasib concentrations measured, and antitumor activity in BM evaluated. RESULTS Patients with KRAS-mutant NSCLC demonstrated high propensity to develop BM (≥40%). Adagrasib penetrated into CSF and demonstrated tumor regression and extended survival in multiple preclinical BM models. In 2 patients with NSCLC and untreated BM, CSF concentrations of adagrasib measured above the target cellular IC50. Both patients demonstrated corresponding BM regression, supporting potential clinical activity of adagrasib in the brain. CONCLUSIONS These data support further development of adagrasib in patients with KRASG12C-mutant NSCLC with untreated BM. See related commentary by Kommalapati and Mansfield, p. 3179.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua K. Sabari
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone, New York, New York.,Corresponding Author: Joshua K. Sabari, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone, New York, NY 10016. Phone: 212-731-5662; E-mail:
| | - Vamsidhar Velcheti
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone, New York, New York
| | - Kazuhide Shimizu
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Matthew R. Strickland
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca S. Heist
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mohini Singh
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Naema Nayyar
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Subba R. Digumarthy
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Justin F. Gainor
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anant P. Rajan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Jill Hallin
- Mirati Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Peter Olson
- Mirati Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, California
| | | | - Sylvia C. Kurz
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone, New York, New York
| | | | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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25
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Oncogene addiction to GNAS in GNAS R201 mutant tumors. Oncogene 2022; 41:4159-4168. [PMID: 35879396 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02388-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The GNASR201 gain-of-function mutation is the single most frequent cancer-causing mutation across all heterotrimeric G proteins, driving oncogenesis in various low-grade/benign gastrointestinal and pancreatic tumors. In this study, we investigated the role of GNAS and its product Gαs in tumor progression using peritoneal models of colorectal cancer (CRC). GNAS was knocked out in multiple CRC cell lines harboring GNASR201C/H mutations (KM12, SNU175, SKCO1), leading to decreased cell-growth in 2D and 3D organoid models. Nude mice were peritoneally injected with GNAS-knockout KM12 cells, leading to a decrease in tumor growth and drastically improved survival at 7 weeks. Supporting these findings, GNAS overexpression in LS174T cells led to increased cell-growth in 2D and 3D organoid models, and increased tumor growth in PDX mouse models. GNAS knockout decreased levels of cyclic AMP in KM12 cells, and molecular profiling identified phosphorylation of β-catenin and activation of its targets as critical downstream effects of mutant GNAS signaling. Supporting these findings, chemical inhibition of both PKA and β-catenin reduced growth of GNAS mutant organoids. Our findings demonstrate oncogene addiction to GNAS in peritoneal models of GNASR201C/H tumors, which signal through the cAMP/PKA and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Thus, GNAS and its downstream mediators are promising therapeutic targets for GNAS mutant tumors.
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26
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Xu R, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Lin W, Yuan Q, Zhou X, Yang Y. Gnas Loss Causes Chondrocyte Fate Conversion in Cranial Suture Formation. J Dent Res 2022; 101:931-941. [PMID: 35220829 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221075215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Calvaria development is distinct from limb formation. Craniosynostosis is a skull deformity characterized by premature cranial suture fusion due to the loss of the GNAS gene and, consequently, its encoded protein Gαs. This birth defect requires surgery, with potential lethal consequences. So far, hardly any early-stage nonsurgical interventions for GNAS loss-related craniosynostosis are available. Here, we investigated the role of the Gnas gene in mice in guarding the distinctiveness of intramembranous ossification and how loss of Gnas triggered endochondral-like ossification within the cranial sutures. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of normal neonatal mice cranial suture chondrocytes showed a Hedgehog (Hh) inactivation pattern, which was associated with Gαs signaling activation. Loss of Gnas evoked chondrocyte-to-osteoblast fate conversion and resulted in cartilage heterotopic ossification (HO) within cranial sutures and fontanels of the mouse model, leading to a skull deformity resembling craniosynostosis in patients with loss of GNAS. Activation of ectopic Hh signaling within cranial chondrocytes stimulated the conversion of cell identity through a hypertrophy-like stage, which shared features of endochondral ossification in vivo. Reduction of Gli transcription activity by crossing with a loss-of-function Gli2 allele or injecting GLI1/2 antagonist hindered the progression of cartilage HO in neonatal stage mice. Our study uncovered the role of Gαs in maintaining cranial chondrocyte identity during neonatal calvaria development in mice and how reduction of Hh signaling could be a nonsurgical intervention to reduce skull deformity in craniosynostosis due to loss of GNAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Xu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y. Liu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y. Zhou
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W. Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Q. Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - X. Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y. Yang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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27
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Ou SHI, Jänne PA, Leal TA, Rybkin II, Sabari JK, Barve MA, Bazhenova LA, Johnson ML, Velastegui KL, Cilliers C, Christensen JG, Yan X, Chao RC, Papadopoulos KP. First-in-Human Phase I/IB Dose-Finding Study of Adagrasib (MRTX849) in Patients With Advanced KRASG12C Solid Tumors (KRYSTAL-1). J Clin Oncol 2022; 40:2530-2538. [PMID: 35167329 PMCID: PMC9362872 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.02752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adagrasib (MRTX849) is an oral, highly selective, small-molecule, covalent inhibitor of KRASG12C. We report results from a phase I/IB study of adagrasib in non–small-cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and other solid tumors harboring the KRASG12C mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai-Hong Ignatius Ou
- University of California Irvine School of Medicine and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Orange, CA
| | - Pasi A Jänne
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ticiana A Leal
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI
| | | | - Joshua K Sabari
- Perlmutter Cancer Center New York University Langone Health, New York, NY
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Shi R, Li X, Zhang J, Chen F, Ma M, Feng Y, Li T. Clinicopathological and genetic study of a rare occurrence: Malignant transformation of fibrous dysplasia of the jaws. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 10:e1861. [PMID: 34989160 PMCID: PMC8801143 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant transformation of fibrous dysplasia (FD) is very rare and little is known about this occurrence. METHODS We present the detailed clinical course of three cases of osteosarcoma arising from FD of the jaws and explore the genetic aberrations by Sanger sequencing, whole-exome sequencing (WES) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). A literature review of important topics related to this occurrence was also performed. RESULTS It was observed that patients with secondary sarcoma from FD showed a wide range of ages, with most during the third decade. Female and males were equally affected. Craniofacial bones and femurs were the most affected sites. High-risk factors for this occurrence included polyostotic FD, McCune-Albright syndrome and excess growth hormone. Notably, a potential relationship between thyroid hormones and sarcoma development was suggested in one patient, who began to show malignant features after hypothyroidism correction. Sanger sequencing revealed GNAS mutations of FD retained in all malignant tissues. Additionally, abnormal TP53 was demonstrated in all three cases by WES and IHC. WES also revealed two other driver mutations, ROS1 and CHD8, and large amounts of somatic copy number alterations (CNAs) where various oncogenes and tumour suppressors are located. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated and reviewed the clinical features and risk factors for a rare occurrence, secondary sarcoma from FD, and provided important new knowledge about its genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Shi
- Central LaboratoryPeking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijingPR China
- Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial RegionsChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034)BeijingChina
| | - Xuefen Li
- Central LaboratoryPeking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijingPR China
- Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial RegionsChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034)BeijingChina
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial RegionsChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034)BeijingChina
- Department of Oral PathologyPeking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijingPR China
| | - Feng Chen
- Central LaboratoryPeking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijingPR China
| | - Ming Ma
- Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial RegionsChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034)BeijingChina
- Department of Oral PathologyPeking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijingPR China
| | - Yanrui Feng
- Central LaboratoryPeking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijingPR China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial RegionsChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034)BeijingChina
- Department of Oral PathologyPeking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental MaterialsBeijingPR China
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29
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Ramms DJ, Raimondi F, Arang N, Herberg FW, Taylor SS, Gutkind JS. G αs-Protein Kinase A (PKA) Pathway Signalopathies: The Emerging Genetic Landscape and Therapeutic Potential of Human Diseases Driven by Aberrant G αs-PKA Signaling. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:155-197. [PMID: 34663687 PMCID: PMC11060502 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the fundamental concepts of signal transduction and kinase activity are attributed to the discovery and crystallization of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, or protein kinase A. PKA is one of the best-studied kinases in human biology, with emphasis in biochemistry and biophysics, all the way to metabolism, hormone action, and gene expression regulation. It is surprising, however, that our understanding of PKA's role in disease is largely underappreciated. Although genetic mutations in the PKA holoenzyme are known to cause diseases such as Carney complex, Cushing syndrome, and acrodysostosis, the story largely stops there. With the recent explosion of genomic medicine, we can finally appreciate the broader role of the Gαs-PKA pathway in disease, with contributions from aberrant functioning G proteins and G protein-coupled receptors, as well as multiple alterations in other pathway components and negative regulators. Together, these represent a broad family of diseases we term the Gαs-PKA pathway signalopathies. The Gαs-PKA pathway signalopathies encompass diseases caused by germline, postzygotic, and somatic mutations in the Gαs-PKA pathway, with largely endocrine and neoplastic phenotypes. Here, we present a signaling-centric review of Gαs-PKA-driven pathophysiology and integrate computational and structural analysis to identify mutational themes commonly exploited by the Gαs-PKA pathway signalopathies. Major mutational themes include hotspot activating mutations in Gαs, encoded by GNAS, and mutations that destabilize the PKA holoenzyme. With this review, we hope to incite further study and ultimately the development of new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of a wide range of human diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Little recognition is given to the causative role of Gαs-PKA pathway dysregulation in disease, with effects ranging from infectious disease, endocrine syndromes, and many cancers, yet these disparate diseases can all be understood by common genetic themes and biochemical signaling connections. By highlighting these common pathogenic mechanisms and bridging multiple disciplines, important progress can be made toward therapeutic advances in treating Gαs-PKA pathway-driven disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana J Ramms
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - Francesco Raimondi
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - Nadia Arang
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - Friedrich W Herberg
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - Susan S Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
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30
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Identification of functional cooperative mutations of GNAO1 in human acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 2021; 137:1181-1191. [PMID: 32898863 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemogenesis is characterized by chromosomal rearrangements with additional molecular disruptions, yet the cooperative mechanisms are still unclear. Using whole-exome sequencing of a pair of monozygotic twins who were discordant for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with ETV6-RUNX1 (E/R) gene fusion successively after birth, we identified the R209C mutation of G protein subunit α o1 (GNAO1) as a new ALL risk loci. Moreover, GNAO1 missense mutations are recurrent in ALL patients and are associated with E/R fusion. Ectopic expression of the GNAO1 R209C mutant increased its GTPase activity and promoted cell proliferation and cell neoplastic transformation. Combined with the E/R fusion, the GNAO1 R209C mutation promoted leukemogenesis through activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. Reciprocally, activated mTORC1 phosphorylated p300 acetyltransferase, which acetylated E/R and thereby enhanced the E/R transcriptional activity of GNAO1 R209C. Thus, our study provides clinical evidence of the functional cooperation of GNAO1 mutations and E/R fusion, suggesting GNAO1 as a therapeutic target in human leukemia.
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31
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Arang N, Gutkind JS. G Protein-Coupled receptors and heterotrimeric G proteins as cancer drivers. FEBS Lett 2021; 594:4201-4232. [PMID: 33270228 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and heterotrimeric G proteins play central roles in a diverse array of cellular processes. As such, dysregulation of GPCRs and their coupled heterotrimeric G proteins can dramatically alter the signalling landscape and functional state of a cell. Consistent with their fundamental physiological functions, GPCRs and their effector heterotrimeric G proteins are implicated in some of the most prevalent human diseases, including a complex disease such as cancer that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. GPCR/G protein-mediated signalling impacts oncogenesis at multiple levels by regulating tumour angiogenesis, immune evasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. Here, we summarize the growing body of research on GPCRs and their effector heterotrimeric G proteins as drivers of cancer initiation and progression, and as emerging antitumoural therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Arang
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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32
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Abstract
Members of the tubulin superfamily are GTPases; the activities of GTPases are necessary for life. The members of the tubulin superfamily are the constituents of the microtubules and the γ-tubulin meshwork. Mutations in members of the tubulin superfamily are involved in developmental brain disorders, and tubulin activities are the target for various chemotherapies. The intricate functions (game) of tubulins depend on the activities of the GTP-binding domain of α-, β-, and γ-tubulin. This review compares the GTP-binding domains of γ-tubulin, α-tubulin, and β-tubulin and, based on their similarities, recapitulates the known functions and the impact of the γ-tubulin GTP-binding domain in the regulation of the γ-tubulin meshwork and cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alvarado Kristensson
- Molecular Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 20502 Malmö, Sweden
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33
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Castel P, Rauen KA, McCormick F. The duality of human oncoproteins: drivers of cancer and congenital disorders. Nat Rev Cancer 2020; 20:383-397. [PMID: 32341551 PMCID: PMC7787056 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-020-0256-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Human oncoproteins promote transformation of cells into tumours by dysregulating the signalling pathways that are involved in cell growth, proliferation and death. Although oncoproteins were discovered many years ago and have been widely studied in the context of cancer, the recent use of high-throughput sequencing techniques has led to the identification of cancer-associated mutations in other conditions, including many congenital disorders. These syndromes offer an opportunity to study oncoprotein signalling and its biology in the absence of additional driver or passenger mutations, as a result of their monogenic nature. Moreover, their expression in multiple tissue lineages provides insight into the biology of the proto-oncoprotein at the physiological level, in both transformed and unaffected tissues. Given the recent paradigm shift in regard to how oncoproteins promote transformation, we review the fundamentals of genetics, signalling and pathogenesis underlying oncoprotein duality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Castel
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Katherine A Rauen
- MIND Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Frank McCormick
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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34
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Larribère L, Utikal J. Update on GNA Alterations in Cancer: Implications for Uveal Melanoma Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1524. [PMID: 32532044 PMCID: PMC7352965 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is correlated with abnormal expression and activity of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and associated G proteins. Oncogenic mutations in both GPCRs and G proteins (GNAS, GNAQ or GNA11) encoding genes have been identified in a significant number of tumors. Interestingly, uveal melanoma driver mutations in GNAQ/GNA11 were identified for a decade, but their discovery did not lead to mutation-specific drug development, unlike it the case for BRAF mutations in cutaneous melanoma which saw enormous success. Moreover, new immunotherapies strategies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors have given underwhelming results. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on cancer-associated alterations of GPCRs and G proteins and we focus on the case of uveal melanoma. Finally, we discuss the possibilities that this signaling might represent in regard to novel drug development for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Larribère
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jochen Utikal
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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35
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Boyce AM, Collins MT. Fibrous Dysplasia/McCune-Albright Syndrome: A Rare, Mosaic Disease of Gα s Activation. Endocr Rev 2020; 41:5610851. [PMID: 31673695 PMCID: PMC7127130 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnz011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fibrous dysplasia/McCune-Albright syndrome (FD/MAS) is a rare disorder of striking complexity. It arises from somatic, gain-of-function mutations in GNAS, leading to mosaic Gα s activation and inappropriate production of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). The clinical phenotype is largely determined by the location and extent of affected tissues, and the pathophysiological effects of Gα s activation within these tissues. In bone, Gα s activation results in impaired differentiation of skeletal stem cells, leading to discrete skeletal lesions prone to fracture, deformity, and pain. Extraskeletal manifestations include a variable combination of hyperpigmented macules and hyperfunctioning endocrinopathies. Distinctive age-related changes in disease development has key effects on histologic, radiographic, and clinical features. FD/MAS thus presents along a uniquely broad clinical spectrum, and the resulting challenges in diagnosis and management can be difficult for clinicians. This review presents FD/MAS in the context of a mosaic disorder of Gα s activation, providing an intellectual framework within which to understand, evaluate, and treat this interesting disease. It includes a comprehensive summary of current understanding of FD/MAS pathogenesis, and a detailed discussion of clinical presentation and management. Critical areas of unmet need are highlighted, including discussion of key challenges and potential solutions to advance research and clinical care in FD/MAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Boyce
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael T Collins
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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36
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Li J, Ge Y, Huang JX, Strømgaard K, Zhang X, Xiong XF. Heterotrimeric G Proteins as Therapeutic Targets in Drug Discovery. J Med Chem 2019; 63:5013-5030. [PMID: 31841625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins are molecular switches in GPCR signaling pathways and regulate a plethora of physiological and pathological processes. GPCRs are efficient drug targets, and more than 30% of the drugs in use target them. However, selectively targeting an individual GPCR may be undesirable in various multifactorial diseases in which multiple receptors are involved. In addition, abnormal activation or expression of G proteins is frequently associated with diseases. Furthermore, G proteins harboring mutations often result in malignant diseases. Thus, targeting G proteins instead of GPCRs might provide alternative approaches for combating these diseases. In this review, we discuss the biochemistry of heterotrimeric G proteins, describe the G protein-associated diseases, and summarize the currently known modulators that can regulate the activities of G proteins. The outlook for targeting G proteins to treat diverse diseases is also included in this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yang Ge
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Xiang Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Kristian Strømgaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Feng Xiong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
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37
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Fonin AV, Darling AL, Kuznetsova IM, Turoverov KK, Uversky VN. Multi-functionality of proteins involved in GPCR and G protein signaling: making sense of structure-function continuum with intrinsic disorder-based proteoforms. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:4461-4492. [PMID: 31428838 PMCID: PMC11105632 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03276-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
GPCR-G protein signaling system recognizes a multitude of extracellular ligands and triggers a variety of intracellular signaling cascades in response. In humans, this system includes more than 800 various GPCRs and a large set of heterotrimeric G proteins. Complexity of this system goes far beyond a multitude of pair-wise ligand-GPCR and GPCR-G protein interactions. In fact, one GPCR can recognize more than one extracellular signal and interact with more than one G protein. Furthermore, one ligand can activate more than one GPCR, and multiple GPCRs can couple to the same G protein. This defines an intricate multifunctionality of this important signaling system. Here, we show that the multifunctionality of GPCR-G protein system represents an illustrative example of the protein structure-function continuum, where structures of the involved proteins represent a complex mosaic of differently folded regions (foldons, non-foldons, unfoldons, semi-foldons, and inducible foldons). The functionality of resulting highly dynamic conformational ensembles is fine-tuned by various post-translational modifications and alternative splicing, and such ensembles can undergo dramatic changes at interaction with their specific partners. In other words, GPCRs and G proteins exist as sets of conformational/basic, inducible/modified, and functioning proteoforms characterized by a broad spectrum of structural features and possessing various functional potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Fonin
- Laboratory of structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russian Federation
| | - April L Darling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Irina M Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin K Turoverov
- Laboratory of structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russian Federation
- Department of Biophysics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya av. 29, St. Petersburg, 195251, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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38
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Wu V, Yeerna H, Nohata N, Chiou J, Harismendy O, Raimondi F, Inoue A, Russell RB, Tamayo P, Gutkind JS. Illuminating the Onco-GPCRome: Novel G protein-coupled receptor-driven oncocrine networks and targets for cancer immunotherapy. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:11062-11086. [PMID: 31171722 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev119.005601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest gene family of cell membrane-associated molecules mediating signal transmission, and their involvement in key physiological functions is well-established. The ability of GPCRs to regulate a vast array of fundamental biological processes, such as cardiovascular functions, immune responses, hormone and enzyme release from endocrine and exocrine glands, neurotransmission, and sensory perception (e.g. vision, odor, and taste), is largely due to the diversity of these receptors and the layers of their downstream signaling circuits. Dysregulated expression and aberrant functions of GPCRs have been linked to some of the most prevalent human diseases, which renders GPCRs one of the top targets for pharmaceutical drug development. However, the study of the role of GPCRs in tumor biology has only just begun to make headway. Recent studies have shown that GPCRs can contribute to the many facets of tumorigenesis, including proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, therapy resistance, and immune evasion. Indeed, GPCRs are widely dysregulated in cancer and yet are underexploited in oncology. We present here a comprehensive analysis of GPCR gene expression, copy number variation, and mutational signatures in 33 cancer types. We also highlight the emerging role of GPCRs as part of oncocrine networks promoting tumor growth, dissemination, and immune evasion, and we stress the potential benefits of targeting GPCRs and their signaling circuits in the new era of precision medicine and cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Huwate Yeerna
- Department of Medicine, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Nijiro Nohata
- Department of Pharmacology, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Joshua Chiou
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Olivier Harismendy
- Department of Medicine, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093.,Department of Medicine, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Francesco Raimondi
- CellNetworks, Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Biochemie Zentrum Heidelberg (BZH), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Robert B Russell
- CellNetworks, Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Biochemie Zentrum Heidelberg (BZH), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pablo Tamayo
- Department of Medicine, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093
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39
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Hartley I, Zhadina M, Collins MT, Boyce AM. Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone and McCune-Albright Syndrome: A Bench to Bedside Review. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 104:517-529. [PMID: 31037426 PMCID: PMC6541017 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00550-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibrous dysplasia is an uncommon mosaic disorder in which bone is replaced by structurally unsound fibro-osseous tissue. It is caused by the sporadic post-zygotic activating mutations in GNAS, resulting in dysregulated GαS-protein signaling in affected tissues. This manifests on a broad clinical spectrum ranging from insignificant solitary lesions to severe disease with deformities, fractures, functional impairment, and pain. Fibrous dysplasia may present in isolation or in association with hyperfunctioning endocrinopathies and café-au-lait macules, known as McCune-Albright Syndrome. This review summarizes the current understanding of pathophysiology in fibrous dysplasia, describes key pre-clinical and clinical investigations, and details the current approach to diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Hartley
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Building 30 Room 228 MSC 4320, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Interinstitute Endocrine Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria Zhadina
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Building 30 Room 228 MSC 4320, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Pediatric Endocrinology Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Micheal T Collins
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Building 30 Room 228 MSC 4320, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alison M Boyce
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Building 30 Room 228 MSC 4320, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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40
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Biebermann H, Kleinau G, Schnabel D, Bockenhauer D, Wilson LC, Tully I, Kiff S, Scheerer P, Reyes M, Paisdzior S, Gregory JW, Allgrove J, Krude H, Mannstadt M, Gardella TJ, Dattani M, Jüppner H, Grüters A. A New Multisystem Disorder Caused by the Gαs Mutation p.F376V. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:1079-1089. [PMID: 30312418 PMCID: PMC6380466 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The α subunit of the stimulatory G protein (Gαs) links numerous receptors to adenylyl cyclase. Gαs, encoded by GNAS, is expressed predominantly from the maternal allele in certain tissues. Thus, maternal heterozygous loss-of-function mutations cause hormonal resistance, as in pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ia, whereas somatic gain-of-function mutations cause hormone-independent endocrine stimulation, as in McCune-Albright syndrome. OBJECTIVE We report two unrelated boys presenting with a new combination of clinical findings that suggest both gain and loss of Gαs function. DESIGN AND SETTING Clinical features were studied and sequencing of GNAS was performed. Signaling capacities of wild-type and mutant Gαs were determined in the presence of different G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) under basal and agonist-stimulated conditions. RESULTS Both unrelated patients presented with unexplained hyponatremia in infancy, followed by severe early onset gonadotrophin-independent precocious puberty and skeletal abnormalities. An identical heterozygous de novo variant (c.1136T>G; p.F376V) was found on the maternal GNAS allele in both patients; this resulted in a clinical phenotype that differed from known Gαs-related diseases and suggested gain of function at the vasopressin 2 receptor (V2R) and lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR), yet increased serum PTH concentrations indicative of impaired proximal tubular PTH1 receptor (PTH1R) function. In vitro studies demonstrated that Gαs-F376V enhanced ligand-independent signaling at the PTH1R, LHCGR, and V2R and, at the same time, blunted ligand-dependent responses. Structural homology modeling suggested mutation-induced modifications at the C-terminal α5 helix of Gαs that are relevant for interaction with GPCRs and signal transduction. CONCLUSIONS The Gαs p.F376V mutation causes a previously unrecognized multisystem disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Biebermann
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunnar Kleinau
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Group Protein X-ray Crystallography and Signal Transduction, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Schnabel
- Department for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Chronically Sick Children, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Detlef Bockenhauer
- UCL Centre for Nephrology, London, United Kingdom
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Renal Unit, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise C Wilson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Tully
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Kiff
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Scheerer
- Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Group Protein X-ray Crystallography and Signal Transduction, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monica Reyes
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah Paisdzior
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - John W Gregory
- Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Allgrove
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heiko Krude
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Mannstadt
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas J Gardella
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mehul Dattani
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
- Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Harald Jüppner
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Annette Grüters
- Department for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Annette Grüters, PhD, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Department for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Mittelallee 8, 13353 Berlin, Germany. E-mail:
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Maziarz M, Leyme A, Marivin A, Luebbers A, Patel PP, Chen Z, Sprang SR, Garcia-Marcos M. Atypical activation of the G protein Gα q by the oncogenic mutation Q209P. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:19586-19599. [PMID: 30352874 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The causative role of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) pathway mutations in uveal melanoma (UM) has been well-established. Nearly all UMs bear an activating mutation in a GPCR pathway mediated by G proteins of the Gq/11 family, driving tumor initiation and possibly metastatic progression. Thus, targeting this pathway holds therapeutic promise for managing UM. However, direct targeting of oncogenic Gαq/11 mutants, present in ∼90% of UMs, is complicated by the belief that these mutants structurally resemble active Gαq/11 WT. This notion is solidly founded on previous studies characterizing Gα mutants in which a conserved catalytic glutamine (Gln-209 in Gαq) is replaced by leucine, which leads to GTPase function deficiency and constitutive activation. Whereas Q209L accounts for approximately half of GNAQ mutations in UM, Q209P is as frequent as Q209L and also promotes oncogenesis, but has not been characterized at the molecular level. Here, we characterized the biochemical and signaling properties of Gαq Q209P and found that it is also GTPase-deficient and activates downstream signaling as efficiently as Gαq Q209L. However, Gαq Q209P had distinct molecular and functional features, including in the switch II region of Gαq Q209P, which adopted a conformation different from that of Gαq Q209L or active WT Gαq, resulting in altered binding to effectors, Gβγ, and regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins. Our findings reveal that the molecular properties of Gαq Q209P are fundamentally different from those in other active Gαq proteins and could be leveraged as a specific vulnerability for the ∼20% of UMs bearing this mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Maziarz
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Anthony Leyme
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Arthur Marivin
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Alex Luebbers
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Prachi P Patel
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Zhe Chen
- the Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, and
| | - Stephen R Sprang
- the Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812
| | - Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118,
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