1
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Gera J, Kumar D, Chauhan G, Choudhary A, Rani L, Mandal L, Mandal S. High sugar diet-induced fatty acid oxidation potentiates cytokine-dependent cardiac ECM remodeling. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202306087. [PMID: 38916917 PMCID: PMC11199913 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202306087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Context-dependent physiological remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential for development and organ homeostasis. On the other hand, consumption of high-caloric diet leverages ECM remodeling to create pathological conditions that impede the functionality of different organs, including the heart. However, the mechanistic basis of high caloric diet-induced ECM remodeling has yet to be elucidated. Employing in vivo molecular genetic analyses in Drosophila, we demonstrate that high dietary sugar triggers ROS-independent activation of JNK signaling to promote fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in the pericardial cells (nephrocytes). An elevated level of FAO, in turn, induces histone acetylation-dependent transcriptional upregulation of the cytokine Unpaired 3 (Upd3). Release of pericardial Upd3 augments fat body-specific expression of the cardiac ECM protein Pericardin, leading to progressive cardiac fibrosis. Importantly, this pathway is quite distinct from the ROS-Ask1-JNK/p38 axis that regulates Upd3 expression under normal physiological conditions. Our results unravel an unknown physiological role of FAO in cytokine-dependent ECM remodeling, bearing implications in diabetic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayati Gera
- Department of Biological Sciences, Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Dheeraj Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Gunjan Chauhan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Adarsh Choudhary
- Department of Biological Sciences, Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Lavi Rani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Lolitika Mandal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Developmental Genetics Laboratory, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Sudip Mandal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab, India
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2
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Liberali P, Schier AF. The evolution of developmental biology through conceptual and technological revolutions. Cell 2024; 187:3461-3495. [PMID: 38906136 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Developmental biology-the study of the processes by which cells, tissues, and organisms develop and change over time-has entered a new golden age. After the molecular genetics revolution in the 80s and 90s and the diversification of the field in the early 21st century, we have entered a phase when powerful technologies provide new approaches and open unexplored avenues. Progress in the field has been accelerated by advances in genomics, imaging, engineering, and computational biology and by emerging model systems ranging from tardigrades to organoids. We summarize how revolutionary technologies have led to remarkable progress in understanding animal development. We describe how classic questions in gene regulation, pattern formation, morphogenesis, organogenesis, and stem cell biology are being revisited. We discuss the connections of development with evolution, self-organization, metabolism, time, and ecology. We speculate how developmental biology might evolve in an era of synthetic biology, artificial intelligence, and human engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prisca Liberali
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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3
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Duan X, Wang H, Cao Z, Su N, Wang Y, Zheng Y. Deficiency of ValRS-m Causes Male Infertility in Drosophila melanogaster. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7489. [PMID: 39000597 PMCID: PMC11242588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Drosophila spermatogenesis involves the renewal of germline stem cells, meiosis of spermatocytes, and morphological transformation of spermatids into mature sperm. We previously demonstrated that Ocnus (ocn) plays an essential role in spermatogenesis. The ValRS-m (Valyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial) gene was down-regulated in ocn RNAi testes. Here, we found that ValRS-m-knockdown induced complete sterility in male flies. The depletion of ValRS-m blocked mitochondrial behavior and ATP synthesis, thus inhibiting the transition from spermatogonia to spermatocytes, and eventually, inducing the accumulation of spermatogonia during spermatogenesis. To understand the intrinsic reason for this, we further conducted transcriptome-sequencing analysis for control and ValRS-m-knockdown testes. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between these two groups were selected with a fold change of ≥2 or ≤1/2. Compared with the control group, 4725 genes were down-regulated (dDEGs) and 2985 genes were up-regulated (uDEGs) in the ValRS-m RNAi group. The dDEGs were mainly concentrated in the glycolytic pathway and pyruvate metabolic pathway, and the uDEGs were primarily related to ribosomal biogenesis. A total of 28 DEGs associated with mitochondria and 6 meiosis-related genes were verified to be suppressed when ValRS-m was deficient. Overall, these results suggest that ValRS-m plays a wide and vital role in mitochondrial behavior and spermatogonia differentiation in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Duan
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; (X.D.); (H.W.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Haolin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; (X.D.); (H.W.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Zhixian Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; (X.D.); (H.W.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Na Su
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China;
| | - Yufeng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; (X.D.); (H.W.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Ya Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China;
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4
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Cheng X, Jiang T, Huang Q, Ji L, Li J, Kong X, Zhu X, He X, Deng X, Wu T, Yu H, Shi Y, Liu L, Zhao X, Wang X, Chen H, Yu J. Exposure to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Leads to Specific Disorders of Spermatid Elongation via Multiple Metabolic Pathways in Drosophila Testes. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:23613-23623. [PMID: 38854533 PMCID: PMC11154731 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have been extensively utilized in various applications. However, the regulatory mechanism behind the reproductive toxicity induced by TiO2 NP exposure remains largely elusive. In this study, we employed a Drosophila model to assess potential testicular injuries during spermatogenesis and conducted bulk RNA-Seq analysis to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Our results reveal that while prolonged exposure to lower concentrations of TiO2 NPs (0.45 mg/mL) for 30 days did not manifest reproductive toxicity, exposure at concentrations of 0.9 and 1.8 mg/mL significantly impaired spermatid elongation in Drosophila testes. Notably, bulk RNA-seq analysis revealed that TiO2 NP exposure affected multiple metabolic pathways including carbohydrate metabolism and cytochrome P450. Importantly, the intervention of glutathione (GSH) significantly protected against reproductive toxicity induced by TiO2 NP exposure, as it restored the number of Orb-positive spermatid clusters in Drosophila testes. Our study provides novel insights into the specific detrimental effects of TiO2 NP exposure on spermatid elongation through multiple metabolic alterations in Drosophila testes and highlights the protective role of GSH in countering this toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmeng Cheng
- Institute
of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Institute
of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Qiuru Huang
- Institute
of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Li Ji
- Institute
of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Institute
of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiuwen Kong
- Institute
of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhu
- Institute
of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xuxin He
- Institute
of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaonan Deng
- Institute
of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Institute
of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Institute
of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Institute
of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Institute
of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- Department
of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key
Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- Center
for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Maternity
and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226018, China
- Nantong
Institute of Genetics and Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226018, China
- Nantong
Key Laboratory of Genetics and Reproductive Medicine, Nantong 226018, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Institute
of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute
of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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5
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Blackie L, Gaspar P, Mosleh S, Lushchak O, Kong L, Jin Y, Zielinska AP, Cao B, Mineo A, Silva B, Ameku T, Lim SE, Mao Y, Prieto-Godino L, Schoborg T, Varela M, Mahadevan L, Miguel-Aliaga I. The sex of organ geometry. Nature 2024; 630:392-400. [PMID: 38811741 PMCID: PMC11168936 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07463-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Organs have a distinctive yet often overlooked spatial arrangement in the body1-5. We propose that there is a logic to the shape of an organ and its proximity to its neighbours. Here, by using volumetric scans of many Drosophila melanogaster flies, we develop methods to quantify three-dimensional features of organ shape, position and interindividual variability. We find that both the shapes of organs and their relative arrangement are consistent yet differ between the sexes, and identify unexpected interorgan adjacencies and left-right organ asymmetries. Focusing on the intestine, which traverses the entire body, we investigate how sex differences in three-dimensional organ geometry arise. The configuration of the adult intestine is only partially determined by physical constraints imposed by adjacent organs; its sex-specific shape is actively maintained by mechanochemical crosstalk between gut muscles and vascular-like trachea. Indeed, sex-biased expression of a muscle-derived fibroblast growth factor-like ligand renders trachea sexually dimorphic. In turn, tracheal branches hold gut loops together into a male or female shape, with physiological consequences. Interorgan geometry represents a previously unrecognized level of biological complexity which might enable or confine communication across organs and could help explain sex or species differences in organ function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Blackie
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Pedro Gaspar
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Salem Mosleh
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, USA
| | | | - Lingjin Kong
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yuhong Jin
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Agata P Zielinska
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Boxuan Cao
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alessandro Mineo
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Bryon Silva
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Tomotsune Ameku
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Shu En Lim
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yanlan Mao
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Todd Schoborg
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Marta Varela
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - L Mahadevan
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Departments of Physics and Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Irene Miguel-Aliaga
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, UK.
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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6
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Singh A, Abhilasha KV, Acharya KR, Liu H, Nirala NK, Parthibane V, Kunduri G, Abimannan T, Tantalla J, Zhu LJ, Acharya JK, Acharya UR. A nutrient responsive lipase mediates gut-brain communication to regulate insulin secretion in Drosophila. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4410. [PMID: 38782979 PMCID: PMC11116528 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48851-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β cells secrete insulin in response to glucose elevation to maintain glucose homeostasis. A complex network of inter-organ communication operates to modulate insulin secretion and regulate glucose levels after a meal. Lipids obtained from diet or generated intracellularly are known to amplify glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, however, the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Here, we show that a Drosophila secretory lipase, Vaha (CG8093), is synthesized in the midgut and moves to the brain where it concentrates in the insulin-producing cells in a process requiring Lipid Transfer Particle, a lipoprotein originating in the fat body. In response to dietary fat, Vaha stimulates insulin-like peptide release (ILP), and Vaha deficiency results in reduced circulatory ILP and diabetic features including hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Our findings suggest Vaha functions as a diacylglycerol lipase physiologically, by being a molecular link between dietary fat and lipid amplified insulin secretion in a gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Singh
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | | | - Kathya R Acharya
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Haibo Liu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Niraj K Nirala
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Velayoudame Parthibane
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Govind Kunduri
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Thiruvaimozhi Abimannan
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Jacob Tantalla
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Lihua Julie Zhu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Jairaj K Acharya
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Usha R Acharya
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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7
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Argaw-Denboba A, Schmidt TSB, Di Giacomo M, Ranjan B, Devendran S, Mastrorilli E, Lloyd CT, Pugliese D, Paribeni V, Dabin J, Pisaniello A, Espinola S, Crevenna A, Ghosh S, Humphreys N, Boruc O, Sarkies P, Zimmermann M, Bork P, Hackett JA. Paternal microbiome perturbations impact offspring fitness. Nature 2024; 629:652-659. [PMID: 38693261 PMCID: PMC11096121 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07336-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota operates at the interface of host-environment interactions to influence human homoeostasis and metabolic networks1-4. Environmental factors that unbalance gut microbial ecosystems can therefore shape physiological and disease-associated responses across somatic tissues5-9. However, the systemic impact of the gut microbiome on the germline-and consequently on the F1 offspring it gives rise to-is unexplored10. Here we show that the gut microbiota act as a key interface between paternal preconception environment and intergenerational health in mice. Perturbations to the gut microbiota of prospective fathers increase the probability of their offspring presenting with low birth weight, severe growth restriction and premature mortality. Transmission of disease risk occurs via the germline and is provoked by pervasive gut microbiome perturbations, including non-absorbable antibiotics or osmotic laxatives, but is rescued by restoring the paternal microbiota before conception. This effect is linked with a dynamic response to induced dysbiosis in the male reproductive system, including impaired leptin signalling, altered testicular metabolite profiles and remapped small RNA payloads in sperm. As a result, dysbiotic fathers trigger an elevated risk of in utero placental insufficiency, revealing a placental origin of mammalian intergenerational effects. Our study defines a regulatory 'gut-germline axis' in males, which is sensitive to environmental exposures and programmes offspring fitness through impacting placenta function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayele Argaw-Denboba
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Epigenetics & Neurobiology Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Thomas S B Schmidt
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural & Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Monica Di Giacomo
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Epigenetics & Neurobiology Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Bobby Ranjan
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Epigenetics & Neurobiology Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Saravanan Devendran
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural & Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eleonora Mastrorilli
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural & Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Catrin T Lloyd
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Epigenetics & Neurobiology Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Danilo Pugliese
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Epigenetics & Neurobiology Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Violetta Paribeni
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Epigenetics & Neurobiology Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Juliette Dabin
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Epigenetics & Neurobiology Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pisaniello
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Epigenetics & Neurobiology Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Espinola
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Epigenetics & Neurobiology Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Alvaro Crevenna
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Epigenetics & Neurobiology Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Subhanita Ghosh
- MRC London Institute for Medical Science (LMS), London, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Neil Humphreys
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Epigenetics & Neurobiology Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Olga Boruc
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Epigenetics & Neurobiology Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Peter Sarkies
- MRC London Institute for Medical Science (LMS), London, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Zimmermann
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural & Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peer Bork
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural & Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Yonsei Frontier Lab (YFL), Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jamie A Hackett
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Epigenetics & Neurobiology Unit, Rome, Italy.
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8
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David SB, Ho KYL, Tanentzapf G, Zaritsky A. Formation of recurring transient Ca 2+-based intercellular communities during Drosophila hematopoiesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318155121. [PMID: 38602917 PMCID: PMC11032476 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318155121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue development occurs through a complex interplay between many individual cells. Yet, the fundamental question of how collective tissue behavior emerges from heterogeneous and noisy information processing and transfer at the single-cell level remains unknown. Here, we reveal that tissue scale signaling regulation can arise from local gap-junction mediated cell-cell signaling through the spatiotemporal establishment of an intermediate-scale of transient multicellular communication communities over the course of tissue development. We demonstrated this intermediate scale of emergent signaling using Ca2+ signaling in the intact, ex vivo cultured, live developing Drosophila hematopoietic organ, the lymph gland. Recurrent activation of these transient signaling communities defined self-organized signaling "hotspots" that gradually formed over the course of larva development. These hotspots receive and transmit information to facilitate repetitive interactions with nonhotspot neighbors. Overall, this work bridges the scales between single-cell and emergent group behavior providing key mechanistic insight into how cells establish tissue-scale communication networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saar Ben David
- Department of Software and Information Systems Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva84105, Israel
| | - Kevin Y. L. Ho
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, VancouverV6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Guy Tanentzapf
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, VancouverV6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Assaf Zaritsky
- Department of Software and Information Systems Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva84105, Israel
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9
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Vedelek V, Jankovics F, Zádori J, Sinka R. Mitochondrial Differentiation during Spermatogenesis: Lessons from Drosophila melanogaster. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3980. [PMID: 38612789 PMCID: PMC11012351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous diseases can arise as a consequence of mitochondrial malfunction. Hence, there is a significant focus on studying the role of mitochondria in cancer, ageing, neurodegenerative diseases, and the field of developmental biology. Mitochondria could exist as discrete organelles in the cell; however, they have the ability to fuse, resulting in the formation of interconnected reticular structures. The dynamic changes between these forms correlate with mitochondrial function and mitochondrial health, and consequently, there is a significant scientific interest in uncovering the specific molecular constituents that govern these transitions. Moreover, the specialized mitochondria display a wide array of variable morphologies in their cristae formations. These inner mitochondrial structures are closely associated with the specific functions performed by the mitochondria. In multiple cases, the presence of mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to male sterility, as it has been observed to cause a range of abnormal spermatogenesis and sperm phenotypes in different species. This review aims to elucidate the dynamic alterations and functions of mitochondria in germ cell development during the spermatogenesis of Drosophila melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Vedelek
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Jankovics
- Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary;
- Department of Medical Biology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical Centre, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Zádori
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical Centre, University of Szeged, 6723 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Rita Sinka
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
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10
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Deng R, Huang Y, Tian Z, Zeng Q. Association between gut microbiota and male infertility: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-024-00512-y. [PMID: 38489097 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00512-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Previous research has confirmed the significant association between gut microbiota (GM) and male infertility (MI), but the causality between them remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the causal relationship between GM and MI using Mendelian randomization (MR) and provide supplementary information for the optimization of future randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Instrumental variables for 211 GM taxa were obtained from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the main analysis method for two-sample MR analysis to assess the impact of GM on the risk of MI. Four methods were used to test for horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity of MR results to ensure the reliability of the MR findings. A total of 50 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) closely related to GM were included, and ultimately identified 1 family and 4 general are causally associated with MI. Among them, Anaerotruncus (OR = 1.96, 95% CI 1.31-3.40, P = 0.016) is significantly associated with increased MI risk. Furthermore, we used four MR methods to evaluate the causality, and the results supported these findings. The leave-one-out analysis showed stable results with no instrumental variables exerting strong influence on the results. The causal direction indicated a positive effect, and the effects of heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy on the estimation of causal effect were minimized. We confirmed a causal relationship between GM taxa and MI, providing new insights into the mechanisms underlying GM-mediated MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runpei Deng
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Road Number 138, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yebao Huang
- Liuzhou People's Hospital, Wenchang Road Number 8, Liuzhou Guangxi, Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhaohui Tian
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Road Number 138, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qingqi Zeng
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Road Number 138, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Huangshanling Road Number 69, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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11
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Sakizli U, Takano T, Yoo SK. GALDAR: A genetically encoded galactose sensor for visualizing sugar metabolism in vivo. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002549. [PMID: 38502638 PMCID: PMC10950222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Sugar metabolism plays a pivotal role in sustaining life. Its dynamics within organisms is less understood compared to its intracellular metabolism. Galactose, a hexose stereoisomer of glucose, is a monosaccharide transported via the same transporters with glucose. Galactose feeds into glycolysis and regulates protein glycosylation. Defects in galactose metabolism are lethal for animals. Here, by transgenically implementing the yeast galactose sensing system into Drosophila, we developed a genetically encoded sensor, GALDAR, which detects galactose in vivo. Using this heterologous system, we revealed dynamics of galactose metabolism in various tissues. Notably, we discovered that intestinal stem cells do not uptake detectable levels of galactose or glucose. GALDAR elucidates the role for galactokinase in metabolism of galactose and a transition of galactose metabolism during the larval period. This work provides a new system that enables analyses of in vivo sugar metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uğurcan Sakizli
- Laboratory for Homeodynamics, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomomi Takano
- Laboratory for Homeodynamics, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, Japan
- Physiological Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, Kobe, Japan
| | - Sa Kan Yoo
- Laboratory for Homeodynamics, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Physiological Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, Kobe, Japan
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12
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Ommati MM, Sabouri S, Sun Z, Zamiri MJ, Retana-Marquez S, Nategh Ahmadi H, Zuo Q, Eftekhari A, Juárez-Rojas L, Asefi Y, Lei L, Cui SG, Jadidi MH, Wang HW, Heidari R. Inactivation of Mst/Nrf2/Keap1 signaling flexibly mitigates MAPK/NQO-HO1 activation in the reproductive axis of experimental fluorosis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 271:115947. [PMID: 38215664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.115947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Fluoride induced reprotoxicity through oxidative stress-mediated reproductive cell death. Hence, the current study evaluated the importance of the MST/Nrf2/MAPK/NQO-HO1 signaling pathway in fluorosis-induced reproductive toxicity. For this purpose, the reproductive toxicity of sodium fluoride (NaF) at physiological, biochemical, and intracellular levels was evaluated. In-vivo, NaF at 100 mg/L instigated physiological dysfunction, morphological, stereological, and structural injuries in the gut-gonadal axis of fluorosis mice through weakening the antioxidant signaling, Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1signaling pathway, causing the gut-gonadal barrier disintegrated via oxidative stress-induced inflammation, mitochondrial damage, apoptosis, and autophagy. Similar trends were also observed in-vitro in the isolated Leydig cells (LCs) challenging with 20 mg/L NaF. Henceforth, activating the cellular antioxidant signaling pathway, Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1, inactivating autophagy and apoptosis, or attenuating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can be the theoretical basis and valuable therapeutic targets for coping with NaF-induced reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental and Animal Product Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471000, China; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Samira Sabouri
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Zilong Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | | | - Socorro Retana-Marquez
- Department of Biology of Reproduction, Autonomous Metropolitan University-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hassan Nategh Ahmadi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Qiyong Zuo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental and Animal Product Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471000, China
| | - Aziz Eftekhari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey; Nanotechnology and Biochemical Toxicology (NBT) Center, Azerbaijan State University of Economics (UNEC), Baku AZ1001, Azerbaijan
| | - Lizbeth Juárez-Rojas
- Department of Biology of Reproduction, Autonomous Metropolitan University-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yaser Asefi
- Department of Genetics, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
| | - Lina Lei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471000, China
| | - Shu-Gang Cui
- Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental and Animal Product Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471000, China
| | - Mohammad Hasan Jadidi
- Comparative Medicine and Animal Resources Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental and Animal Product Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471000, China.
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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13
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Zwick RK, Kasparek P, Palikuqi B, Viragova S, Weichselbaum L, McGinnis CS, McKinley KL, Rathnayake A, Vaka D, Nguyen V, Trentesaux C, Reyes E, Gupta AR, Gartner ZJ, Locksley RM, Gardner JM, Itzkovitz S, Boffelli D, Klein OD. Epithelial zonation along the mouse and human small intestine defines five discrete metabolic domains. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:250-262. [PMID: 38321203 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01337-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
A key aspect of nutrient absorption is the exquisite division of labour across the length of the small intestine, with individual nutrients taken up at different proximal:distal positions. For millennia, the small intestine was thought to comprise three segments with indefinite borders: the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. By examining the fine-scale longitudinal transcriptional patterns that span the mouse and human small intestine, we instead identified five domains of nutrient absorption that mount distinct responses to dietary changes, and three regional stem cell populations. Molecular domain identity can be detected with machine learning, which provides a systematic method to computationally identify intestinal domains in mice. We generated a predictive model of transcriptional control of domain identity and validated the roles of Ppar-δ and Cdx1 in patterning lipid metabolism-associated genes. These findings represent a foundational framework for the zonation of absorption across the mammalian small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Zwick
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Petr Kasparek
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brisa Palikuqi
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sara Viragova
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Laura Weichselbaum
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher S McGinnis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kara L McKinley
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Asoka Rathnayake
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dedeepya Vaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Guerin Children's, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vinh Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Coralie Trentesaux
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Efren Reyes
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexander R Gupta
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zev J Gartner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg BioHub and Center for Cellular Construction 94158, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard M Locksley
- Department of Medicine and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James M Gardner
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shalev Itzkovitz
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dario Boffelli
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Guerin Children's, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Guerin Children's, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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14
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Panghal A, Jena G. Gut-Gonad Perturbations in Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus: Role of Dysbiosis, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Energy-Dysbalance. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e220823220204. [PMID: 37608613 DOI: 10.2174/1573399820666230822151740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a major metabolic disorder that affects people of all age groups throughout the world. It is responsible for the alterations in male gonadal physiology in experimental models as well as in clinical cases. On the other side, diabetes mellitus has also been associated with perturbations in the gut physiology and microbiota dysbiosis. The accumulating evidence suggests a link between the gut and gonad as evident from the i) experimental data providing insights into type 1 diabetes mellitus induced gut perturbations, ii) link of gut physiology with alterations of testicular health, iii) role of gut microbiota in androgen metabolism in the intestine, and iv) epidemiological evidence linking type 1 diabetes mellitus with inflammatory bowel disease and male infertility. Considering all the pieces of evidence, it is summarized that gut dysbiosis, oxidative stress, inflammation and energy dys-balance are the prime factors involved in the gonadal damage under type 1 diabetes mellitus, in which the gut contributes significantly. Identification of novel biomarkers and intervention of suitable agents targeting these prime factors may be a step forward to restore the gonadal damage in diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archna Panghal
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Gopabandhu Jena
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
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15
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Wang H, Liu X, Zhao C, Yan J, Wang Z, Dahlgren RA, Qian Q, Wang X. Interference of gut-brain-gonad axis originating from triclocarban exposure to parent zebrafish induces offspring embryonic development abnormality by up-regulation of maternal circSGOL1. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 266:106782. [PMID: 38071900 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
Triclocarban (TCC) is a widely used antibacterial ingredient possessing acute toxicity effects; however, its chronic toxicity and underlying molecular mechanisms remain uncertain. Herein, we demonstrated that chronic TCC exposure affects the growth and development of adult zebrafish through inducing an intestinal flora disorder in the gut. The imbalance of intestinal flora caused functional barriers within the intestinal-brain-gonadal axis. This resulted in a series of anomalous nerve and motor behaviors, and reproductive toxicity as reflected in pathological damage to parental gonads and F1-larval developmental malformations. Abnormal development of F1 larvae was attributed to apoptosis induced by the up-regulation of circSGOL1. This up-regulation affected the activity and localization of the hnRNP A1 protein, which then promoted overexpression of pro-apoptotic related genes that ultimately lead to apoptosis during early embryonic development. Overall, these novel findings systematically elucidated the TCC toxicity mechanism in parent-offspring dyads, and provide important theoretical guidance for early risk warning and control of chronic TCC toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; College of Publich Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xingcheng Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Chenxi Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Jin Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Zejun Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Randy A Dahlgren
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, UC 95616, USA
| | - Qiuhui Qian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Xuedong Wang
- College of Publich Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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16
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Suyama R, Cetraro N, Yew JY, Kai T. Microbes control Drosophila germline stem cell increase and egg maturation through hormonal pathways. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1287. [PMID: 38123715 PMCID: PMC10733356 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05660-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Reproduction is highly dependent on environmental and physiological factors including nutrition, mating stimuli and microbes. Among these factors, microbes facilitate vital functions for host animals such as nutritional intake, metabolic regulation, and enhancing fertility under poor nutrition conditions. However, detailed molecular mechanisms by which microbes control germline maturation, leading to reproduction, remain largely unknown. In this study, we show that environmental microbes exert a beneficial effect on Drosophila oogenesis by promoting germline stem cell (GSC) proliferation and subsequent egg maturation via acceleration of ovarian cell division and suppression of apoptosis. Moreover, insulin-related signaling is not required; rather, the ecdysone pathway is necessary for microbe-induced increase of GSCs and promotion of egg maturation, while juvenile hormone contributes only to increasing GSC numbers, suggesting that hormonal pathways are activated at different stages of oogenesis. Our findings reveal that environmental microbes can enhance host reproductivity by modulating host hormone release and promoting oogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritsuko Suyama
- Laboratory of Germline Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Nicolas Cetraro
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Joanne Y Yew
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
| | - Toshie Kai
- Laboratory of Germline Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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17
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Holcombe J, Weavers H. Functional-metabolic coupling in distinct renal cell types coordinates organ-wide physiology and delays premature ageing. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8405. [PMID: 38110414 PMCID: PMC10728150 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise coupling between cellular physiology and metabolism is emerging as a vital relationship underpinning tissue health and longevity. Nevertheless, functional-metabolic coupling within heterogenous microenvironments in vivo remains poorly understood due to tissue complexity and metabolic plasticity. Here, we establish the Drosophila renal system as a paradigm for linking mechanistic analysis of metabolism, at single-cell resolution, to organ-wide physiology. Kidneys are amongst the most energetically-demanding organs, yet exactly how individual cell types fine-tune metabolism to meet their diverse, unique physiologies over the life-course remains unclear. Integrating live-imaging of metabolite and organelle dynamics with spatio-temporal genetic perturbation within intact functional tissue, we uncover distinct cellular metabolic signatures essential to support renal physiology and healthy ageing. Cell type-specific programming of glucose handling, PPP-mediated glutathione regeneration and FA β-oxidation via dynamic lipid-peroxisomal networks, downstream of differential ERR receptor activity, precisely match cellular energetic demands whilst limiting damage and premature senescence; however, their dramatic dysregulation may underlie age-related renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Holcombe
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Helen Weavers
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
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18
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Kryukova NA, Kryukov VY, Polenogova OV, Chertkova ЕА, Tyurin MV, Rotskaya UN, Alikina T, Kabilov МR, Glupov VV. The endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia (Rickettsiales) alters larval metabolism of the parasitoid Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 114:e22053. [PMID: 37695720 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Infection of intestinal tissues with Wolbachia has been found in Habrobracon hebetor. There are not many studies on the relationship between Habrobracon and Wolbachia, and they focus predominantly on the sex index of an infected parasitoid, its fertility, and behavior. The actual role of Wolbachia in the biology of Habrobracon is not yet clear. The method of complete eradication of Wolbachia in the parasitoid was developed here, and effects of the endosymbiont on the host's digestive metabolism were compared between two lines of the parasitoid (Wolbachia-positive and Wolbachia-negative). In the gut of Wolbachia+ larvae, lipases' activity was higher almost twofold, and activities of acid proteases, esterases, and trehalase were 1.5-fold greater than those in the Wolbachia- line. Analyses of larval homogenates revealed that Wolbachia+ larvae accumulate significantly more lipids and have a lower amount of pyruvate as compared to Wolbachia- larvae. The presented results indicate significant effects of the intracellular symbiotic bacterium Wolbachia on the metabolism of H. hebetor larvae and on the activity of its digestive enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Kryukova
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vadim Y Kryukov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga V Polenogova
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Maksim V Tyurin
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ulyana N Rotskaya
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana Alikina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Мarsel R Kabilov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Viktor V Glupov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
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19
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Diaz AV, Stephenson D, Nemkov T, D’Alessandro A, Reis T. Spenito-dependent metabolic sexual dimorphism intrinsic to fat storage cells. Genetics 2023; 225:iyad164. [PMID: 37738330 PMCID: PMC10627258 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism in males and females is distinct. Differences are usually linked to sexual reproduction, with circulating signals (e.g. hormones) playing major roles. In contrast, sex differences prior to sexual maturity and intrinsic to individual metabolic tissues are less understood. We analyzed Drosophila melanogaster larvae and find that males store more fat than females, the opposite of the sexual dimorphism in adults. We show that metabolic differences are intrinsic to the major fat storage tissue, including many differences in the expression of metabolic genes. Our previous work identified fat storage roles for Spenito (Nito), a conserved RNA-binding protein and regulator of sex determination. Nito knockdown specifically in the fat storage tissue abolished fat differences between males and females. We further show that Nito is required for sex-specific expression of the master regulator of sex determination, Sex-lethal (Sxl). "Feminization" of fat storage cells via tissue-specific overexpression of a Sxl target gene made larvae lean, reduced the fat differences between males and females, and induced female-like metabolic gene expression. Altogether, this study supports a model in which Nito autonomously controls sexual dimorphisms and differential expression of metabolic genes in fat cells in part through its regulation of the sex determination pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arely V Diaz
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Daniel Stephenson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Angelo D’Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Tânia Reis
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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20
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François CM, Pihl T, Dunoyer de Segonzac M, Hérault C, Hudry B. Metabolic regulation of proteome stability via N-terminal acetylation controls male germline stem cell differentiation and reproduction. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6737. [PMID: 37872135 PMCID: PMC10593830 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42496-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms connecting cellular metabolism with differentiation remain poorly understood. Here, we find that metabolic signals contribute to stem cell differentiation and germline homeostasis during Drosophila melanogaster spermatogenesis. We discovered that external citrate, originating outside the gonad, fuels the production of Acetyl-coenzyme A by germline ATP-citrate lyase (dACLY). We show that this pathway is essential during the final spermatogenic stages, where a high Acetyl-coenzyme A level promotes NatB-dependent N-terminal protein acetylation. Using genetic and biochemical experiments, we establish that N-terminal acetylation shields key target proteins, essential for spermatid differentiation, from proteasomal degradation by the ubiquitin ligase dUBR1. Our work uncovers crosstalk between metabolism and proteome stability that is mediated via protein post-translational modification. We propose that this system coordinates the metabolic state of the organism with gamete production. More broadly, modulation of proteome turnover by circulating metabolites may be a conserved regulatory mechanism to control cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M François
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie Valrose, Nice, 06108, France
| | - Thomas Pihl
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie Valrose, Nice, 06108, France
| | | | - Chloé Hérault
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie Valrose, Nice, 06108, France
| | - Bruno Hudry
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie Valrose, Nice, 06108, France.
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21
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Gándara L, Durrieu L, Wappner P. Metabolic FRET sensors in intact organs: Applying spectral unmixing to acquire reliable signals. Biol Open 2023; 12:bio060030. [PMID: 37671927 PMCID: PMC10562930 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, metabolic coordination across multiple tissues and cell types is essential to satisfy regionalized energetic requirements and respond coherently to changing environmental conditions. However, most metabolic assays require the destruction of the biological sample, with a concomitant loss of spatial information. Fluorescent metabolic sensors and probes are among the most user-friendly techniques for collecting metabolic information with spatial resolution. In a previous work, we have adapted to an animal system, Drosophila melanogaster, genetically encoded metabolic FRET-based sensors that had been previously developed in single-cell systems. These sensors provide semi-quantitative data on the stationary concentrations of key metabolites of the bioenergetic metabolism: lactate, pyruvate, and 2-oxoglutarate. The use of these sensors in intact organs required the development of an image processing method that minimizes the contribution of spatially complex autofluorescence patterns, that would obscure the FRET signals. In this article, we show step by step how to design FRET-based sensor experiments and how to process the fluorescence signal to obtain reliable FRET values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lautaro Gándara
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires 1405, Argentina
| | - Lucía Durrieu
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires 1405, Argentina
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales–Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 1425 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Wappner
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires 1405, Argentina
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales–Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 1425 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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22
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Unterweger IA, Klepstad J, Hannezo E, Lundegaard PR, Trusina A, Ober EA. Lineage tracing identifies heterogeneous hepatoblast contribution to cell lineages and postembryonic organ growth dynamics. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002315. [PMID: 37792696 PMCID: PMC10550115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To meet the physiological demands of the body, organs need to establish a functional tissue architecture and adequate size as the embryo develops to adulthood. In the liver, uni- and bipotent progenitor differentiation into hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells (BECs), and their relative proportions, comprise the functional architecture. Yet, the contribution of individual liver progenitors at the organ level to both fates, and their specific proportion, is unresolved. Combining mathematical modelling with organ-wide, multispectral FRaeppli-NLS lineage tracing in zebrafish, we demonstrate that a precise BEC-to-hepatocyte ratio is established (i) fast, (ii) solely by heterogeneous lineage decisions from uni- and bipotent progenitors, and (iii) independent of subsequent cell type-specific proliferation. Extending lineage tracing to adulthood determined that embryonic cells undergo spatially heterogeneous three-dimensional growth associated with distinct environments. Strikingly, giant clusters comprising almost half a ventral lobe suggest lobe-specific dominant-like growth behaviours. We show substantial hepatocyte polyploidy in juveniles representing another hallmark of postembryonic liver growth. Our findings uncover heterogeneous progenitor contributions to tissue architecture-defining cell type proportions and postembryonic organ growth as key mechanisms forming the adult liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris. A. Unterweger
- University of Copenhagen, NNF Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Copenhagen N, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Julie Klepstad
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology, CSIC, University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Edouard Hannezo
- Institute of Science and Technology, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Pia R. Lundegaard
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Ala Trusina
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elke A. Ober
- University of Copenhagen, NNF Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Copenhagen N, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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23
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Cochella L, Chaker Z. Development, regeneration and aging: a bizarre love triangle. Development 2023; 150:dev202086. [PMID: 37791585 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The Jacques Monod Conference on 'Growth and regeneration during development and aging' was organized by Claude Desplan and Allison Bardin in May 2023. The conference took place in Roscoff, France, where participants shared recent conceptual advances under the general motto that developmental processes do not end with embryogenesis. The meeting covered various aspects of how development relates to fitness, regeneration and aging across a refreshing diversity of evolutionarily distant organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Cochella
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Zayna Chaker
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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24
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Nagai H, Nagai LAE, Tasaki S, Nakato R, Umetsu D, Kuranaga E, Miura M, Nakajima Y. Nutrient-driven dedifferentiation of enteroendocrine cells promotes adaptive intestinal growth in Drosophila. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1764-1781.e10. [PMID: 37689060 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Post-developmental organ resizing improves organismal fitness under constantly changing nutrient environments. Although stem cell abundance is a fundamental determinant of adaptive resizing, our understanding of its underlying mechanisms remains primarily limited to the regulation of stem cell division. Here, we demonstrate that nutrient fluctuation induces dedifferentiation in the Drosophila adult midgut to drive adaptive intestinal growth. From lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing, we identify a subpopulation of enteroendocrine (EE) cells that convert into functional intestinal stem cells (ISCs) in response to dietary glucose and amino acids by activating the JAK-STAT pathway. Genetic ablation of EE-derived ISCs severely impairs ISC expansion and midgut growth despite the retention of resident ISCs, and in silico modeling further indicates that EE dedifferentiation enables an efficient increase in the midgut cell number while maintaining epithelial cell composition. Our findings identify a physiologically induced dedifferentiation that ensures ISC expansion during adaptive organ growth in concert with nutrient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Nagai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan.
| | | | - Sohei Tasaki
- Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Nakato
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Daiki Umetsu
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan; Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Erina Kuranaga
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Nakajima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan; Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan.
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25
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Seong KH, Uemura T, Kang S. Road to sexual maturity: Behavioral event schedule from eclosion to first mating in each sex of Drosophila melanogaster. iScience 2023; 26:107502. [PMID: 37636050 PMCID: PMC10448111 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals achieve their first mating through the process of sexual maturation. This study examined the precise and detailed timing of a series of behavioral events, including wing expansion, first feeding, first excretion, and courtship, during sexual maturation from eclosion to first mating in D. melanogaster. We found that the time of first mating is genetically invariant and is not affected by light/dark cycle or food intake after eclosion. We also found sexual dimorphism in locomotor activity after eclosion, with females increasing locomotor activity earlier than males. In addition, we found a time rapidly changing from extremely low to high sexual activity in males post eclosion (named "drastic male courtship arousal" or DMCA). These behavioral traits leading up to the first mating could serve as clear indicators of sexual maturation and establish precisely timed developmental landmarks to explore further the mechanisms underlying the integration of behavioral and physiological sexual maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hyeon Seong
- Department of Liberal Arts and Human Development, Kanagawa University of Human Services, 1-10-1 Heiseicho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8522, Japan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)-CREST, AMED, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Tadashi Uemura
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Center for Living Systems Information Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)-CREST, AMED, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Siu Kang
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)-CREST, AMED, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
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26
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Delanoue R, Clot C, Leray C, Pihl T, Hudry B. Y chromosome toxicity does not contribute to sex-specific differences in longevity. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:1245-1256. [PMID: 37308701 PMCID: PMC10406604 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02089-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
While sex chromosomes carry sex-determining genes, they also often differ from autosomes in size and composition, consisting mainly of silenced heterochromatic repetitive DNA. Even though Y chromosomes show structural heteromorphism, the functional significance of such differences remains elusive. Correlative studies suggest that the amount of Y chromosome heterochromatin might be responsible for several male-specific traits, including sex-specific differences in longevity observed across a wide spectrum of species, including humans. However, experimental models to test this hypothesis have been lacking. Here we use the Drosophila melanogaster Y chromosome to investigate the relevance of sex chromosome heterochromatin in somatic organs in vivo. Using CRISPR-Cas9, we generated a library of Y chromosomes with variable levels of heterochromatin. We show that these different Y chromosomes can disrupt gene silencing in trans, on other chromosomes, by sequestering core components of the heterochromatin machinery. This effect is positively correlated to the level of Y heterochromatin. However, we also find that the ability of the Y chromosome to affect genome-wide heterochromatin does not generate physiological sex differences, including sexual dimorphism in longevity. Instead, we discovered that it is the phenotypic sex, female or male, that controls sex-specific differences in lifespan, rather than the presence of a Y chromosome. Altogether, our findings dismiss the 'toxic Y' hypothesis that postulates that the Y chromosome leads to reduced lifespan in XY individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rénald Delanoue
- Institut de Biologie Valrose, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Nice, France.
| | - Charlène Clot
- Institut de Biologie Valrose, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Nice, France
| | - Chloé Leray
- Institut de Biologie Valrose, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Nice, France
| | - Thomas Pihl
- Institut de Biologie Valrose, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Nice, France
| | - Bruno Hudry
- Institut de Biologie Valrose, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Nice, France.
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27
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Li Z, Chen C, Yu W, Xu L, Jia H, Wang C, Pei N, Liu Z, Luo D, Wang J, Lv W, Yuan B, Zhang J, Jiang H. Colitis-Mediated Dysbiosis of the Intestinal Flora and Impaired Vitamin A Absorption Reduce Ovarian Function in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112425. [PMID: 37299390 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in the composition and ratio of the flora during colitis have been found to potentially affect ovarian function through nutrient absorption. However, the mechanisms have not been fully explored. To investigate whether colitis-induced dysbacteriosis of the intestinal flora affects ovarian function, mice were given dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) through drinking water. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to clarify the composition and proportion of bacterial flora as well as gene expression changes in the colon. Changes in follicle type, number, and hormone secretion in the ovary were detected. The results showed that 2.5% DSS could induce severe colitis symptoms, including increased inflammatory cell infiltration, severe damage to the crypt, and high expression of inflammatory factors. Moreover, vitamin A synthesis metabolism-related genes Rdh10, Aldh1a1, Cyp26a1, Cyp26b1, and Rarβ were significantly decreased, as well as the levels of the steroid hormone synthase-related proteins STAR and CYP11A1. The levels of estradiol, progesterone, and Anti-Mullerian hormone as well as the quality of oocytes decreased significantly. The significantly changed abundances of Alistipes, Helicobacter, Bacteroides, and some other flora had potentially important roles. DSS-induced colitis and impaired vitamin A absorption reduced ovarian function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Li
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Chengzhen Chen
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Wenjie Yu
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Lingxia Xu
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Haitao Jia
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Na Pei
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zibin Liu
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wenfa Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Bao Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
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28
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Baumgartner ME, Langton PF, Logeay R, Mastrogiannopoulos A, Nilsson-Takeuchi A, Kucinski I, Lavalou J, Piddini E. The PECAn image and statistical analysis pipeline identifies Minute cell competition genes and features. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2686. [PMID: 37164982 PMCID: PMC10172353 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38287-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigating organ biology often requires methodologies to induce genetically distinct clones within a living tissue. However, the 3D nature of clones makes sample image analysis challenging and slow, limiting the amount of information that can be extracted manually. Here we develop PECAn, a pipeline for image processing and statistical data analysis of complex multi-genotype 3D images. PECAn includes data handling, machine-learning-enabled segmentation, multivariant statistical analysis, and graph generation. This enables researchers to perform rigorous analyses rapidly and at scale, without requiring programming skills. We demonstrate the power of this pipeline by applying it to the study of Minute cell competition. We find an unappreciated sexual dimorphism in Minute cell growth in competing wing discs and identify, by statistical regression analysis, tissue parameters that model and correlate with competitive death. Furthermore, using PECAn, we identify several genes with a role in cell competition by conducting an RNAi-based screen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Baumgartner
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Paul F Langton
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Remi Logeay
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Alex Mastrogiannopoulos
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Anna Nilsson-Takeuchi
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Iwo Kucinski
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute and Zoology Department, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
- Wellcome & MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jules Lavalou
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Eugenia Piddini
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
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29
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Shao S, Mo N, Yang Y, Cui Z, Bao C. Identifying sex-differential gene expression in the antennal gland of the swimming crab by transcriptomic analysis. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2023; 46:101087. [PMID: 37178607 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The antennal glands (AnGs) are recognized as an important organ that functions in ion regulation and excretion in decapods. Previously, many studies had explored this organ at the biochemical, physiological, and ultrastructural levels but had few molecular resources. In this study, the transcriptomes of the male and female AnGs of Portunus trituberculatus were sequenced using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology. Genes involved in osmoregulation and organic/inorganic solute transport were identified. This suggests that AnGs might be involved in these physiological functions as versatile organs. A total of 469 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were further identified between male and female transcriptomes and found to be male-biased. Enrichment analysis showed that females were enriched in amino acid metabolism and males were enriched in nucleic acid metabolism. These results suggested differences in possible metabolic patterns between males and females. Furthermore, two transcription factors related to reproduction, namely AF4/FMR2 family members Lilli (Lilli) and Virilizer (Vir), were identified in DEGs. Lilli was found to be specifically expressed in the male AnGs, whereas Vir showed high expression levels in the female AnGs. The expression of up-regulated metabolism and sexual development-related genes in three males and six females was verified by qRT-PCR and the pattern was found to be consistent with the transcriptome expression pattern. Our results suggest that although the AnG is a unified somatic tissue composed of individual cells, it still demonstrates distinct sex-specific expression patterns. These results provide foundational knowledge of the function and differences between male and female AnGs in P. trituberculatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shucheng Shao
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Nan Mo
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Yanan Yang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Zhaoxia Cui
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Chenchang Bao
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China..
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30
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Ramesh R, Skog S, Örkenby L, Kugelberg U, Nätt D, Öst A. Dietary Sugar Shifts Mitochondrial Metabolism and Small RNA Biogenesis in Sperm. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:1167-1183. [PMID: 36509450 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Increasing concentrations of dietary sugar results in a linear accumulation of triglycerides in male Drosophila, while inducing a U-shaped obesity response in their offspring. Here, using a combination of proteomics and small RNA (sRNA) sequencing, we aimed at understanding the molecular underpinning in sperm for such plasticity. Results: Proteomic analysis of seminal vesicles revealed that increasing concentrations of dietary sugar resulted in a bell-shaped induction of proteins involved in metabolic/redox regulation. Using stains and in vivo redox reporter flies, this pattern could be explained by changes in sperm production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), more exactly mitochondria-derived H2O2. By quenching ROS with the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine and performing sRNA-seq on sperm, we found that sperm miRNA is increased in response to ROS. Moreover, we found sperm mitosRNA to be increased in high-sugar diet conditions (independent of ROS). Reanalyzing our previously published data revealed a similar global upregulation of human sperm mitosRNA in response to a high-sugar diet, suggesting evolutionary conserved mechanisms. Innovation: This work highlights a fast response to dietary sugar in mitochondria-produced H2O2 in Drosophila sperm and identifies redox-sensitive miRNA downstream of this event. Conclusions: Our data support a model where changes in the sperm mitochondria in response to dietary sugar are the primary event, and changes in redox homoeostasis are secondary to mitochondrial ROS production. These data provide multiple candidates for paternal intergenerational metabolic responses as well as potential biomarkers for human male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Ramesh
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Signe Skog
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lovisa Örkenby
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Unn Kugelberg
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Daniel Nätt
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anita Öst
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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31
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Diaz AV, Matheny T, Stephenson D, Nemkov T, D’Alessandro A, Reis T. Spenito-dependent metabolic sexual dimorphism intrinsic to fat storage cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.17.528952. [PMID: 36824729 PMCID: PMC9949119 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.17.528952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism in males and females is distinct. Differences are usually linked to sexual reproduction, with circulating signals (e.g. hormones) playing major roles. By contrast, sex differences prior to sexual maturity and intrinsic to individual metabolic tissues are less understood. We analyzed Drosophila melanogaster larvae and find that males store more fat than females, the opposite of the sexual dimorphism in adults. We show that metabolic differences are intrinsic to the major fat storage tissue, including many differences in the expression of metabolic genes. Our previous work identified fat storage roles for Spenito (Nito), a conserved RNA-binding protein and regulator of sex determination. Nito knockdown specifically in the fat storage tissue abolished fat differences between males and females. We further show that Nito is required for sex-specific expression of the master regulator of sex determination, Sex-lethal (Sxl). "Feminization" of fat storage cells via tissue-specific overexpression of a Sxl target gene made larvae lean, reduced the fat differences between males and females, and induced female-like metabolic gene expression. Altogether, this study supports a model in which Nito autonomously controls sexual dimorphisms and differential expression of metabolic genes in fat cells in part through its regulation of the sex determination pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arely V. Diaz
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Tyler Matheny
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Daniel Stephenson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Angelo D’Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Tânia Reis
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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32
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Dorrigiv I, Hadian M, Bahram M. Comparison of volatile compounds of anal sac secretions between the sexes of domestic dog ( Canis lupus familiaris). VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2023; 14:169-176. [PMID: 37033781 PMCID: PMC10073811 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2023.1983063.3714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Volatile compounds of anal sac secretions are odorant chemicals used across the carnivores for social communication such as identifying individuals and group membership. Odor profiles taken from expressed anal sac secretions of some species of carnivores have been detected in previous studies. In this study, the volatile compounds of anal sac secretions between five male and five female domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) were compared. Volatile chemicals were extracted, separated, and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with solid-phase micro-extraction and identified from their electron ionization mass spectra and Kovats retention indices. The results showed the presence of various types of compounds including organic fatty acids, ketones, aldehydes, esters, and alcohols in the anal sac secretions of dogs. Greater amounts of diversity and esters, and lower amounts of alcohols were detected in the anal sac secretions of females compared to males. This was accompanied by finding citrate and acetic acid ester only in the females. Furthermore, presence of some sex-specific organic compounds like dimethylcyclopentyl ethanone indicates that the volatile profiles of anal sac secretions in 10 domestic dogs are differentiated by host sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Dorrigiv
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran;
| | - Mojtaba Hadian
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran;
- Correspondence: Mojtaba Hadian. DVM, PhD Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran E-mail:
| | - Morteza Bahram
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
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Ssempijja F, Dare SS, Bukenya EEM, Kasozi KI, Kenganzi R, Fernandez EM, Vicente-Crespo M. Attenuation of Seizures, Cognitive Deficits, and Brain Histopathology by Phytochemicals of Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv (Poaceae) in Acute and Chronic Mutant Drosophila melanogaster Epilepsy Models. J Evid Based Integr Med 2023; 28:2515690X231160191. [PMID: 36866635 PMCID: PMC9989407 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x231160191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Imperata cylindrica is a globally distributed plant known for its antiepileptic attributes, but there is a scarcity of robust evidence for its efficacy. The study investigated neuroprotective attributes of Imperata cylindrica root extract on neuropathological features of epilepsy in a Drosophila melanogaster mutant model of epilepsy. It was conducted on 10-day-old (at the initiation of study) male post-eclosion bang-senseless paralytic Drosophila (parabss1) involved acute (1-3 h) and chronic (6-18 days) experiments; n = 50 flies per group (convulsions tests); n = 100 flies per group (learning/memory tests and histological examination). Administrations were done in 1 g standard fly food, per os. The mutant flies of study (parabss1) showed marked age-dependent progressive brain neurodegeneration and axonal degeneration, significant (P < 0.05) bang sensitivity and convulsions, and cognitive deficits due to up-regulation of the paralytic gene in our mutants. The neuropathological findings were significantly (P < 0.05) alleviated in dose and duration-dependent fashions to near normal/normal after acute and chronic treatment with extract similar to sodium valproate. Therefore, para is expressed in neurons of brain tissues in our mutant flies to bring about epilepsy phenotypes and behaviors of the current juvenile and old-adult mutant D. melanogaster models of epilepsy. The herb exerts neuroprotection by anticonvulsant and antiepileptogenic mechanisms in mutant D. melanogaster due to plant flavonoids, polyphenols, and chromones (1 and 2) which exert antioxidative and receptor or voltage-gated sodium ion channels' inhibitory properties, and thus causing reduced inflammation and apoptosis, increased tissue repair, and improved cell biology in the brain of mutant flies. The methanol root extract provides anticonvulsant and antiepileptogenic medicinal values which protect epileptic D. melanogaster. Therefore, the herb should be advanced for more experimental and clinical studies to confirm its efficacy in treating epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Ssempijja
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O Box 71, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Samuel Sunday Dare
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O Box 71, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
- School of Medicine, Kabale University, P.O Box 317, Kabale, Uganda
| | - Edmund E. M. Bukenya
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O Box 71, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
- School of Medicine, Kabale University, P.O Box 317, Kabale, Uganda
| | | | - Ritah Kenganzi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, P.O Box 71, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Edgar Mario Fernandez
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O Box 71, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Marta Vicente-Crespo
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Kampala International University Western Campus, P.O Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, P.O Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
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Merino MM. Azot expression in the Drosophila gut modulates organismal lifespan. Commun Integr Biol 2022; 16:2156735. [PMID: 36606245 PMCID: PMC9809965 DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2022.2156735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell Competition emerged in Drosophila as an unexpected phenomenon, when confronted clones of fit vs unfit cells genetically induced. During the last decade, it has been shown that this mechanism is physiologically active in Drosophila and higher organisms. In Drosophila, Flower (Fwe) eliminates unfit cells during development, regeneration and disease states. Furthermore, studies suggest that Fwe signaling is required to eliminate accumulated unfit cells during adulthood extending Drosophila lifespan. Indeed, ahuizotl (azot) mutants accumulate unfit cells during adulthood and after physical insults in the brain and other epithelial tissues, showing a decrease in organismal lifespan. On the contrary, flies carrying three functional copies of the gene, unfit cell culling seems to be more efficient and show an increase in lifespan. During aging, Azot is required for the elimination of unfit cells, however, the specific organs modulating organismal lifespan by Azot remain unknown. Here we found a potential connection between gut-specific Azot expression and lifespan which may uncover a more widespread organ-specific mechanism modulating organismal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa M. Merino
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,CONTACT Marisa M. Merino Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Petridi S, Dubal D, Rikhy R, van den Ameele J. Mitochondrial respiration and dynamics of in vivo neural stem cells. Development 2022; 149:285126. [PMID: 36445292 PMCID: PMC10112913 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the developing and adult brain undergo many different transitions, tightly regulated by extrinsic and intrinsic factors. While the role of signalling pathways and transcription factors is well established, recent evidence has also highlighted mitochondria as central players in NSC behaviour and fate decisions. Many aspects of cellular metabolism and mitochondrial biology change during NSC transitions, interact with signalling pathways and affect the activity of chromatin-modifying enzymes. In this Spotlight, we explore recent in vivo findings, primarily from Drosophila and mammalian model systems, about the role that mitochondrial respiration and morphology play in NSC development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula Petridi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Dnyanesh Dubal
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.,Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Richa Rikhy
- Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Jelle van den Ameele
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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Regan JC, Lu YX, Ureña E, Meilenbrock RL, Catterson JH, Kißler D, Fröhlich J, Funk E, Partridge L. Sexual identity of enterocytes regulates autophagy to determine intestinal health, lifespan and responses to rapamycin. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:1145-1158. [PMID: 37118538 PMCID: PMC10154239 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological attenuation of mTOR presents a promising route for delay of age-related disease. Here we show that treatment of Drosophila with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin extends lifespan in females, but not in males. Female-specific, age-related gut pathology is markedly slowed by rapamycin treatment, mediated by increased autophagy. Treatment increases enterocyte autophagy in females, via the H3/H4 histone-Bchs axis, whereas males show high basal levels of enterocyte autophagy that are not increased by rapamycin feeding. Enterocyte sexual identity, determined by transformerFemale expression, dictates sexually dimorphic cell size, H3/H4-Bchs expression, basal rates of autophagy, fecundity, intestinal homeostasis and lifespan extension in response to rapamycin. Dimorphism in autophagy is conserved in mice, where intestine, brown adipose tissue and muscle exhibit sex differences in autophagy and response to rapamycin. This study highlights tissue sex as a determining factor in the regulation of metabolic processes by mTOR and the efficacy of mTOR-targeted, anti-aging drug treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Regan
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Yu-Xuan Lu
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Enric Ureña
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - James H Catterson
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Disna Kißler
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jenny Fröhlich
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Emilie Funk
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Linda Partridge
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.
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Stojanović O, Miguel-Aliaga I, Trajkovski M. Intestinal plasticity and metabolism as regulators of organismal energy homeostasis. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1444-1458. [PMID: 36396854 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00679-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The small intestine displays marked anatomical and functional plasticity that includes adaptive alterations in adult gut morphology, enteroendocrine cell profile and their hormone secretion, as well as nutrient utilization and storage. In this Perspective, we examine how shifts in dietary and environmental conditions bring about changes in gut size, and describe how the intestine adapts to changes in internal state, bowel resection and gastric bypass surgery. We highlight the critical importance of these intestinal remodelling processes in maintaining energy balance of the organism, and in protecting the metabolism of other organs. The intestinal resizing is supported by changes in the microbiota composition, and by activation of carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism, which govern the intestinal stem cell proliferation, intestinal cell fate, as well as survivability of differentiated epithelial cells. The discovery that intestinal remodelling is part of the normal physiological adaptation to various triggers, and the potential for harnessing the reversible gut plasticity, in our view, holds extraordinary promise for developing therapeutic approaches against metabolic and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozren Stojanović
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Irene Miguel-Aliaga
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK.
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Mirko Trajkovski
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Xing S, Deng D, wen W, Peng W. Functional transcriptome analyses of Drosophila suzukii midgut reveal mating-dependent reproductive plasticity in females. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:726. [PMID: 36284272 PMCID: PMC9598023 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08962-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insect females undergo a huge transition in energy homeostasis after mating to compensate for nutrient investment during reproduction. To manage with this shift in metabolism, mated females experience extensive morphological, behavioral and physiological changes, including increased food intake and altered digestive processes. However, the mechanisms by which the digestive system responds to mating in females remain barely characterized. Here we performed transcriptomic analysis of the main digestive organ, the midgut, to investigate how gene expression varies with female mating status in Drosophila suzukii, a destructive and invasive soft fruit pest. RESULTS We sequenced 15,275 unique genes with an average length of 1,467 bp. In total, 652 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected between virgin and mated D. suzukii female midgut libraries. The DEGs were functionally annotated utilizing the GO and KEGG pathway annotation methods. Our results showed that the major GO terms associated with the DEGs from the virgin versus mated female midgut were largely appointed to the metabolic process, response to stimulus and immune system process. We obtained a mass of protein and lipid metabolism genes which were up-regulated and carbohydrate metabolism and immune-related genes which were down-regulated at different time points after mating in female midgut by qRT-PCR. These changes in metabolism and immunity may help supply the female with the nutrients and energy required to sustain egg production. CONCLUSION Our study characterizes the transcriptional mechanisms driven by mating in the D. suzukii female midgut. Identification and characterization of the DEGs between virgin and mated females midgut will not only be crucial to better understand molecular research related to intestine plasticity during reproduction, but may also provide abundant target genes for the development of effective and ecofriendly pest control strategies against this economically important species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shisi Xing
- grid.411427.50000 0001 0089 3695Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, HunanInternational Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 China
| | - Dan Deng
- grid.411427.50000 0001 0089 3695Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, HunanInternational Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 China
| | - Wen wen
- grid.411427.50000 0001 0089 3695Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, HunanInternational Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 China
| | - Wei Peng
- grid.411427.50000 0001 0089 3695Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, HunanInternational Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 China
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Yao Z, Cai Z, Ma Q, Bai S, Wang Y, Zhang P, Guo Q, Gu J, Lemaitre B, Zhang H. Compartmentalized PGRP expression along the dipteran Bactrocera dorsalis gut forms a zone of protection for symbiotic bacteria. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111523. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Gap junctions mediate discrete regulatory steps during fly spermatogenesis. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010417. [PMID: 36174062 PMCID: PMC9578636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gametogenesis requires coordinated signaling between germ cells and somatic cells. We previously showed that Gap junction (GJ)-mediated soma-germline communication is essential for fly spermatogenesis. Specifically, the GJ protein Innexin4/Zero population growth (Zpg) is necessary for somatic and germline stem cell maintenance and differentiation. It remains unknown how GJ-mediated signals regulate spermatogenesis or whether the function of these signals is restricted to the earliest stages of spermatogenesis. Here we carried out comprehensive structure/function analysis of Zpg using insights obtained from the protein structure of innexins to design mutations aimed at selectively perturbing different regulatory regions as well as the channel pore of Zpg. We identify the roles of various regulatory sites in Zpg in the assembly and maintenance of GJs at the plasma membrane. Moreover, mutations designed to selectively disrupt, based on size and charge, the passage of cargos through the Zpg channel pore, blocked different stages of spermatogenesis. Mutations were identified that progressed through early germline and soma development, but exhibited defects in entry to meiosis or sperm individualisation, resulting in reduced fertility or sterility. Our work shows that specific signals that pass through GJs regulate the transition between different stages of gametogenesis.
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Marchetti M, Zhang C, Edgar BA. An improved organ explant culture method reveals stem cell lineage dynamics in the adult Drosophila intestine. eLife 2022; 11:e76010. [PMID: 36005292 PMCID: PMC9578704 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, live-imaging techniques have been developed for the adult midgut of Drosophila melanogaster that allow temporal characterization of key processes involved in stem cell and tissue homeostasis. However, these organ culture techniques have been limited to imaging sessions of <16 hours, an interval too short to track dynamic processes such as damage responses and regeneration, which can unfold over several days. Therefore, we developed an organ explant culture protocol capable of sustaining midguts ex vivo for up to 3 days. This was made possible by the formulation of a culture medium specifically designed for adult Drosophila tissues with an increased Na+/K+ ratio and trehalose concentration, and by placing midguts at an air-liquid interface for enhanced oxygenation. We show that midgut progenitor cells can respond to gut epithelial damage ex vivo, proliferating and differentiating to replace lost cells, but are quiescent in healthy intestines. Using ex vivo gene induction to promote stem cell proliferation using RasG12V or string and Cyclin E overexpression, we demonstrate that progenitor cell lineages can be traced through multiple cell divisions using live imaging. We show that the same culture set-up is useful for imaging adult renal tubules and ovaries for up to 3 days and hearts for up to 10 days. By enabling both long-term imaging and real-time ex vivo gene manipulation, our simple culture protocol provides a powerful tool for studies of epithelial biology and cell lineage behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Marchetti
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Chenge Zhang
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Bruce A Edgar
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
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Zhu S, Huang J, Xu R, Wang Y, Wan Y, McNeel R, Parker E, Kolson D, Yam M, Webb B, Zhao C, Sigado J, Du J. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 3b is required for spermiogenesis but dispensable for retinal viability. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102387. [PMID: 35985423 PMCID: PMC9478456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 (IDH3) is a key enzyme in the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, which catalyzes the decarboxylation of isocitrate into α-ketoglutarate and concurrently converts NAD+ into NADH. Dysfunction of IDH3B, the β subunit of IDH3, has been previously correlated with retinal degeneration and male infertility in humans, but tissue-specific effects of IDH3 dysfunction are unclear. Here, we generated Idh3b-KO mice and found that IDH3B is essential for IDH3 activity in multiple tissues. We determined that loss of Idh3b in mice causes substantial accumulation of isocitrate and its precursors in the TCA cycle, particularly in the testes, whereas the levels of the downstream metabolites remain unchanged or slightly increased. However, the Idh3b-KO mice did not fully recapitulate the defects observed in humans. Global deletion of Idh3b only causes male infertility but not retinal degeneration in mice. Our investigation showed that loss of Idh3b causes an energetic deficit and disrupts the biogenesis of acrosome and flagellum, resulting in spermiogenesis arrestment in sperm cells. Together, we demonstrate that IDH3B controls its substrate levels in the TCA cycle, and it is required for sperm mitochondrial metabolism and spermiogenesis, highlighting the importance of the tissue-specific function of the ubiquitous TCA cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyan Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Jiancheng Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506; Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Yekai Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Yiming Wan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Rachel McNeel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Edward Parker
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Douglas Kolson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Michelle Yam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Bradley Webb
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Chen Zhao
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Jenna Sigado
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Jianhai Du
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506.
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Tahanzadeh N, Knop M, Seidler Y, Dirndorfer S, Lürsen K, Bruchhaus I, Lang R, Rimbach G, Roeder T. An aqueous extract of the brown alga Eisenia bicyclis extends lifespan in a sex-specific manner by interfering with the Tor-FoxO axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:6427-6448. [PMID: 35980274 PMCID: PMC9467403 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Food has a decisive influence on our health, to the extent where even lifespan can be directly affected by it. In the present work, we have examined the effects of an aqueous extract of the marine brown alga Eisenia bicyclis in terms of its potential to extend lifespan. For this purpose, we used the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as a model. The experiments showed that small amounts of Eisenia extract can extend lifespan by up to 40%. This effect is not only related to the median but also to the maximum lifespan. Interestingly, this life-extending effect is sex-specific, i.e. it occurs exclusively in females. Even under stressful nutritional conditions such as a high sugar diet, this effect is detectable. Mechanistic studies showed that this life-prolonging effect depends on a functional Tor and a functional FoxO signaling pathway. It can be concluded that components of the Eisenia extract prolong lifespan by interacting with the Tor-FoxO axis. This study may serve to stimulate further investigations, which on the one hand show such a life-prolonging effect also in other organisms and on the other hand identify the substances responsible for this effect. Finally, it may also encourage the increased use of arame as a health-promoting food supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Tahanzadeh
- Kiel University, Department Molecular Physiology, Zoology, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mirjam Knop
- Kiel University, Department Molecular Physiology, Zoology, Kiel, Germany
| | - Yvonne Seidler
- Kiel University, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Kai Lürsen
- Kiel University, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Kiel, Germany
| | - Iris Bruchhaus
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department Parasitology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roman Lang
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology, TU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Kiel University, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Roeder
- Kiel University, Department Molecular Physiology, Zoology, Kiel, Germany
- DZL, German Center for Lung Research, ARCN, Airway Research Center North, Kiel, Germany
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Deng D, Xing S, Liu X, Ji Q, Zhai Z, Peng W. Transcriptome analysis of sex-biased gene expression in the spotted-wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura). G3 GENES|GENOMES|GENETICS 2022; 12:6588685. [PMID: 35587603 PMCID: PMC9339319 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism occurs widely throughout insects and has profound influences on evolutionary path. Sex-biased genes are considered to account for most of phenotypic differences between sexes. In order to explore the sex-biased genes potentially associated with sexual dimorphism and sexual development in Drosophila suzukii, a major devastating and invasive crop pest, we conducted whole-organism transcriptome profiling and sex-biased gene expression analysis on adults of both sexes. We identified transcripts of genes involved in several sex-specific physiological and functional processes, including transcripts involved in sex determination, reproduction, olfaction, and innate immune signals. A total of 11,360 differentially expressed genes were identified in the comparison, and 1,957 differentially expressed genes were female-biased and 4,231 differentially expressed genes were male-biased. The pathway predominantly enriched for differentially expressed genes was related to spliceosome, which might reflect the differences in the alternative splicing mechanism between males and females. Twenty-two sex determination and 16 sex-related reproduction genes were identified, and expression pattern analysis revealed that the majority of genes were differentially expressed between sexes. Additionally, the differences in sex-specific olfactory and immune processes were analyzed and the sex-biased expression of these genes may play important roles in pheromone and odor detection, and immune response. As a valuable dataset, our sex-specific transcriptomic data can significantly contribute to the fundamental elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of sexual dimorphism in fruit flies, and may provide candidate genes potentially useful for the development of genetic sexing strains, an important tool for sterile insect technique applications against this economically important species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Deng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410081, China
| | - Shisi Xing
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410081, China
| | - Xuxiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biological Control, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qinge Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biological Control, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zongzhao Zhai
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410081, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410081, China
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Wang Q, Yang Z, Zhuang J, Zhang J, Shen F, Yu P, Zhong H, Feng F. Antiaging function of Chinese pond turtle (Chinemys reevesii) peptide through activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway and its structure-activity relationship. Front Nutr 2022; 9:961922. [PMID: 35938097 PMCID: PMC9355154 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.961922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese pond turtle is a traditional nourishing food with high nutritional value and bioactivity and has been considered a dietary remedy for prolonging the lifespan since ancient times. However, only limited information about their effects on longevity is available. This study was performed to assess the antioxidant activities and antiaging potential of Chinese pond turtle peptide (CPTP) using Drosophila melanogaster model and uncover the possible mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects. CPTP exhibited excellent antioxidant capability in vitro with IC50 values of 3.31, 1.93, and 9.52 mg/ml for 1,1-diphenyl-2-pycryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazo-line-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), and hydroxyl radical scavenging, respectively. In vivo, 0.8% of CPTP significantly extended the mean and median lifespan of female flies by 7.66 and 7.85%, followed by enhanced resistance to oxidative and heat stress. Besides, CPTP remarkably increased the antioxidant enzyme activities and diminished the peroxide product accumulation. Furthermore, CPTP upregulated the relative mRNA expression of antioxidant-related genes, including nuclear factor-erythroid-2-like 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream target genes, while downregulated the expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). Taken together, CPTP displayed promising potential in both antioxidant and antiaging effects on flies by targeting the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway. Further peptide sequence determination revealed that 89.23% of peptides from the identified sequences in CPTP could exert potential inhibitory effects on Keap1. Among these peptides, ten representative peptide sequences could actively interact with the binding sites of Keap1-Nrf2 interaction through hydrogen bonds, van der Walls, hydrophobic interactions, and electrostatic interactions. Conclusively, CPTP could be utilized as health-promoting bioactive peptide with antioxidant and antiaging capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zherui Yang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiachen Zhuang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Shen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Yuyao Lengjiang Turtle Industry, Ningbo, China
| | - Hao Zhong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hao Zhong,
| | - Fengqin Feng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Fengqin Feng,
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Mishra D, Kannan K, Meadows K, Macro J, Li M, Frankel S, Rogina B. INDY-From Flies to Worms, Mice, Rats, Non-Human Primates, and Humans. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 2:782162. [PMID: 35822025 PMCID: PMC9261455 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.782162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
I’m Not Dead Yet (Indy) is a fly homologue of the mammalian SLC13A5 (mSLC13A5) plasma membrane citrate transporter, a key metabolic regulator and energy sensor involved in health, longevity, and disease. Reduction of Indy gene activity in flies, and its homologs in worms, modulates metabolism and extends longevity. The metabolic changes are similar to what is obtained with caloric restriction (dietary restriction). Similar effects on metabolism have been observed in mice and rats. As a citrate transporter, INDY regulates cytoplasmic citrate levels. Indy flies heterozygous for a P-element insertion have increased spontaneous physical activity, increased fecundity, reduced insulin signaling, increased mitochondrial biogenesis, preserved intestinal stem cell homeostasis, lower lipid levels, and increased stress resistance. Mammalian Indy knockout (mIndy-KO) mice have higher sensitivity to insulin signaling, lower blood pressure and heart rate, preserved memory and are protected from the negative effects of a high-fat diet and some of the negative effects of aging. Reducing mIndy expression in human hepatocarcinoma cells has recently been shown to inhibit cell proliferation. Reduced Indy expression in the fly intestine affects intestinal stem cell proliferation, and has recently been shown to also inhibit germ cell proliferation in males with delayed sperm maturation and decreased spermatocyte numbers. These results highlight a new connection between energy metabolism and cell proliferation. The overrall picture in a variety of species points to a conserved role of INDY for metabolism and health. This is illustrated by an association of high mIndy gene expression with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese humans. mIndy (mSLC13A5) coding region mutations (e.g., loss-of-function) are also associated with adverse effects in humans, such as autosomal recessive early infantile epileptic encephalopathy and Kohlschütter−Tönz syndrome. The recent findings illustrate the importance of mIndy gene for human health and disease. Furthermore, recent work on small-molecule regulators of INDY highlights the promise of INDY-based treatments for ameliorating disease and promoting healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushyant Mishra
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Kavitha Kannan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Kali Meadows
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Jacob Macro
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Michael Li
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Stewart Frankel
- Department of Biology, University of Hartford, West Hartford, CT, United States
| | - Blanka Rogina
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States.,Institute for Systems Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
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Paithankar JG, Kushalan S, S N, Hegde S, Kini S, Sharma A. Systematic toxicity assessment of CdTe quantum dots in Drosophila melanogaster. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 295:133836. [PMID: 35120950 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The risk assessment of cadmium (Cd)-based quantum dots (QDs) used for biomedical nanotechnology applications has stern toxicity concerns. Despite cytotoxicity studies of cadmium telluride (CdTe) QDs, the systematic in vivo study focusing on its organismal effects are more relevant to public health. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effect of chemically synthesized 3-mercapto propionic acid-functionalized CdTe QDs on organisms' survival, development, reproduction, and behaviour using Drosophila melanogaster as a model. The sub-cellular impact on the larval gut was also evaluated. First/third instar larvae or the adult Drosophila were exposed orally to green fluorescence emitting CdTe QDs (0.2-100 μM), and organisms' longevity, emergence, reproductive performance, locomotion, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cell death were assessed. Uptake of semiconductor CdTe QDs was observed as green fluorescence in the gut. A significant decline in percentage survivability up to 80% was evident at high CdTe QDs concentrations (25 and 100 μM). The developmental toxicity was marked by delayed and reduced fly emergence after CdTe exposure. The teratogenic effect was evident with significant wing deformities at 25 and 100 μM concentrations. However, at the reproductive level, adult flies' fecundity, fertility, and hatchability were highly affected even at low concentrations (1 μM). Surprisingly, the climbing ability of Drosophila was unaffected at any of the used CdTe QDs concentrations. In addition to organismal toxicity, the ROS level and cell death were elevated in gut cells, confirming the sub-cellular toxicity of CdTe QDs. Furthermore, we observed a significant rescue in CdTe QDs-associated developmental, reproductive, and survival adversities when organisms were co-exposed with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC, an antioxidant) and CdTe QDs. Overall, our findings indicate that the environmental release of aqueously dispersible CdTe QDs raises a long-lasting health concern on the development, reproduction, and survivability of an organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish Gopal Paithankar
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Sharanya Kushalan
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Bioresource and Biotechnology, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Nijil S
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Nanobiotechnology, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Smitha Hegde
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Bioresource and Biotechnology, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Sudarshan Kini
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Nanobiotechnology, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India.
| | - Anurag Sharma
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India.
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Medina A, Bellec K, Polcowñuk S, Cordero JB. Investigating local and systemic intestinal signalling in health and disease with Drosophila. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:274860. [PMID: 35344037 PMCID: PMC8990086 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-body health relies on complex inter-organ signalling networks that enable organisms to adapt to environmental perturbations and to changes in tissue homeostasis. The intestine plays a major role as a signalling centre by producing local and systemic signals that are relayed to the body and that maintain intestinal and organismal homeostasis. Consequently, disruption of intestinal homeostasis and signalling are associated with systemic diseases and multi-organ dysfunction. In recent years, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as a prime model organism to study tissue-intrinsic and systemic signalling networks of the adult intestine due to its genetic tractability and functional conservation with mammals. In this Review, we highlight Drosophila research that has contributed to our understanding of how the adult intestine interacts with its microenvironment and with distant organs. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding intestinal and whole-body pathophysiology, and how future Drosophila studies might advance our knowledge of the complex interplay between the intestine and the rest of the body in health and disease. Summary: We outline work in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster that has contributed knowledge on local and whole-body signalling coordinated by the adult intestine, and discuss its implications in intestinal pathophysiology and associated systemic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Medina
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.,CRUK Beatson Institute, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Karen Bellec
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Sofia Polcowñuk
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Julia B Cordero
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.,CRUK Beatson Institute, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
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The gut hormone Allatostatin C/Somatostatin regulates food intake and metabolic homeostasis under nutrient stress. Nat Commun 2022; 13:692. [PMID: 35121731 PMCID: PMC8816919 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28268-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe intestine is a central regulator of metabolic homeostasis. Dietary inputs are absorbed through the gut, which senses their nutritional value and relays hormonal information to other organs to coordinate systemic energy balance. However, the gut-derived hormones affecting metabolic and behavioral responses are poorly defined. Here we show that the endocrine cells of the Drosophila gut sense nutrient stress through a mechanism that involves the TOR pathway and in response secrete the peptide hormone allatostatin C, a Drosophila somatostatin homolog. Gut-derived allatostatin C induces secretion of glucagon-like adipokinetic hormone to coordinate food intake and energy mobilization. Loss of gut Allatostatin C or its receptor in the adipokinetic-hormone-producing cells impairs lipid and sugar mobilization during fasting, leading to hypoglycemia. Our findings illustrate a nutrient-responsive endocrine mechanism that maintains energy homeostasis under nutrient-stress conditions, a function that is essential to health and whose failure can lead to metabolic disorders.
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Abstract
In adult insects, as in vertebrates, the gut epithelium is a highly regenerative tissue that can renew itself rapidly in response to changing inputs from nutrition, the gut microbiota, ingested toxins, and signals from other organs. Because of its cellular and genetic similarities to the mammalian intestine, and its relevance as a target for the control of insect pests and disease vectors, many researchers have used insect intestines to address fundamental questions about stem cell functions during tissue maintenance and regeneration. In Drosophila, where most of the experimental work has been performed, not only are intestinal cell types and behaviors well characterized, but numerous cell signaling interactions have been detailed that mediate gut epithelial regeneration. A prevailing model for regenerative responses in the insect gut invokes stress sensing by damaged enterocytes (ECs) as a principal source for signaling that activates the division of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and the growth and differentiation of their progeny. However, extant data also reveal alternative mechanisms for regeneration that involve ISC-intrinsic functions, active culling of healthy epithelial cells, enhanced EC growth, and even cytoplasmic shedding by infected ECs. This article reviews current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in gut regeneration in several insect models (Drosophila and Aedes of the order Diptera, and several Lepidoptera).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Bruce A Edgar
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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