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Rodríguez-Míguez Y, Lozano-Ordaz V, Ortiz-Cabrera AE, Barrios-Payan J, Mata-Espinosa D, Huerta-Yepez S, Baay-Guzman G, Hernández-Pando R. Effect of IL-17A on the immune response to pulmonary tuberculosis induced by high- and low-virulence strains of Mycobacterium bovis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307307. [PMID: 39024223 PMCID: PMC11257284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious, chronic, and progressive disease occurring globally. Human TB is caused mainly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), while the main causative agent of bovine TB is Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis). The latter is one of the most important cattle pathogens and is considered the main cause of zoonotic TB worldwide. The mechanisms responsible for tissue damage (necrosis) during post-primary TB remain elusive. Recently, IL-17A was reported to be important for protection against M. tuberculosis infection, but it is also related to the production of an intense inflammatory response associated with necrosis. We used two M. bovis isolates with different levels of virulence and high IL-17A production to study this important cytokine's contrasting functions in a BALB/c mouse model of pulmonary TB. In the first part of the study, the gene expression kinetics and cellular sources of IL-17A were determined by real time PCR and immunohistochemistry respectively. Non-infected lungs showed low production of IL-17A, particularly by the bronchial epithelium, while lungs infected with the low-virulence 534 strain showed high IL-17A expression on Day 3 post-infection, followed by a decrease in expression in the early stage of the infection and another increase during late infection, on Day 60, when very low bacillary burdens were found. In contrast, infection with the highly virulent strain 04-303 induced a peak of IL-17A expression on Day 14 of infection, 1 week before extensive pulmonary necrosis was seen, being lymphocytes and macrophages the most important sources. In the second part of the study, the contribution of IL-17A to immune protection and pulmonary necrosis was evaluated by suppressing IL-17A via the administration of specific blocking antibodies. Infection with M. bovis strain 534 and treatment with IL-17A neutralizing antibodies did not affect mouse survival but produced a significant increase in bacillary load and a non-significant decrease in inflammatory infiltrate and granuloma area. In contrast, mice infected with the highly virulent 04-303 strain and treated with IL-17A blocking antibodies showed a significant decrease in survival, an increase in bacillary loads on Day 24 post-infection, and significantly more and earlier necrosis. Our results suggest that high expression of IL-17A is more related to protection than necrosis in a mouse model of pulmonary TB induced by M. bovis strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadira Rodríguez-Míguez
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Patología, Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vasti Lozano-Ordaz
- Departamento de Patología, Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angel E. Ortiz-Cabrera
- Departamento de Patología, Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Barrios-Payan
- Departamento de Patología, Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dulce Mata-Espinosa
- Departamento de Patología, Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sara Huerta-Yepez
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital Infantil de México “Federico Gómez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermina Baay-Guzman
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital Infantil de México “Federico Gómez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Departamento de Patología, Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
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Wørzner K, Zimmermann J, Buhl R, Desoi A, Christensen D, Dietrich J, Nguyen NDNT, Lindenstrøm T, Woodworth JS, Alhakeem RS, Yu S, Ødum N, Mortensen R, Ashouri JF, Pedersen GK. Repeated immunization with ATRA-containing liposomal adjuvant transdifferentiates Th17 cells to a Tr1-like phenotype. J Autoimmun 2024; 144:103174. [PMID: 38377868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
In many autoimmune diseases, autoantigen-specific Th17 cells play a pivotal role in disease pathogenesis. Th17 cells can transdifferentiate into other T cell subsets in inflammatory conditions, however, there have been no attempts to target Th17 cell plasticity using vaccines. We investigated if autoantigen-specific Th17 cells could be specifically targeted using a therapeutic vaccine approach, where antigen was formulated in all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-containing liposomes, permitting co-delivery of antigen and ATRA to the same target cell. Whilst ATRA was previously found to broadly reduce Th17 responses, we found that antigen formulated in ATRA-containing cationic liposomes only inhibited Th17 cells in an antigen-specific manner and not when combined with an irrelevant antigen. Furthermore, this approach shifted existing Th17 cells away from IL-17A expression and transcriptomic analysis of sorted Th17 lineage cells from IL-17 fate reporter mice revealed a shift of antigen-specific Th17 cells to exTh17 cells, expressing functional markers associated with T cell regulation and tolerance. In the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS, vaccination with myelin-specific (MOG) antigen in ATRA-containing liposomes reduced Th17 responses and alleviated disease. This highlights the potential of therapeutic vaccination for changing the phenotype of existing Th17 cells in the context of immune mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Wørzner
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Julie Zimmermann
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Regitze Buhl
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Desoi
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jes Dietrich
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Thomas Lindenstrøm
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joshua S Woodworth
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Steven Yu
- Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Niels Ødum
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Mortensen
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Judith F Ashouri
- Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Gabriel K Pedersen
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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3
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Caratis F, Opiełka M, Hausmann M, Velasco-Estevez M, Rojek B, de Vallière C, Seuwen K, Rogler G, Karaszewski B, Rutkowska A. The proton-sensing receptors TDAG8 and GPR4 are differentially expressed in human and mouse oligodendrocytes: Exploring their role in neuroinflammation and multiple sclerosis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0283060. [PMID: 38527054 PMCID: PMC10962805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Acidosis is one of the hallmarks of demyelinating central nervous system (CNS) lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS). The response to acidic pH is primarily mediated by a family of G protein-coupled proton-sensing receptors: OGR1, GPR4 and TDAG8. These receptors are inactive at alkaline pH, reaching maximal activation at acidic pH. Genome-wide association studies have identified a locus within the TDAG8 gene associated with several autoimmune diseases, including MS. Accordingly, we here found that expression of TDAG8, as opposed to GPR4 or OGR1, is upregulated in MS plaques. This led us to investigate the expression of TDAG8 in oligodendrocytes using mouse and human in vitro and in vivo models. We observed significant upregulation of TDAG8 in human MO3.13 oligodendrocytes during maturation and in response to acidic conditions. However, its deficiency did not impact normal myelination in the mouse CNS, and its expression remained unaltered under demyelinating conditions in mouse organotypic cerebellar slices. Notably, our data revealed no expression of TDAG8 in primary mouse oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), in contrast to its expression in primary human OPCs. Our investigations have revealed substantial species differences in the expression of proton-sensing receptors in oligodendrocytes, highlighting the limitations of the employed experimental models in fully elucidating the role of TDAG8 in myelination and oligodendrocyte biology. Consequently, the study does not furnish robust evidence for the role of TDAG8 in such processes. Nonetheless, our findings tentatively point towards a potential association between TDAG8 and myelination processes in humans, hinting at a potential link between TDAG8 and the pathophysiology of MS and warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fionä Caratis
- Brain Diseases Centre, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Opiełka
- Brain Diseases Centre, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Velasco-Estevez
- H12O-CNIO Hematological Malignancies Group, Clinical Research Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Bartłomiej Rojek
- Department of Adult Neurology, Medical University of Gdansk & University Clinical Centre, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Seuwen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bartosz Karaszewski
- Brain Diseases Centre, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Adult Neurology, Medical University of Gdansk & University Clinical Centre, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Rutkowska
- Brain Diseases Centre, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Sallam DE, Shaker YS, Mostafa GA, El-Hossiny RM, Taha SI, Ahamed MAEH. Evaluation of serum interleukin-17 A and interleukin-22 levels in pediatric patients with autism spectrum disorder: a pilot study. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:18. [PMID: 38183030 PMCID: PMC10768424 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04484-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many neurodevelopmental abnormalities are connected to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which can result in inflammation and elevated cytokine levels due to immune system dysregulation. Interleukin (IL)-17 A and IL-22 have been linked to the regulation of host defense against pathogens at the barrier surface, the regeneration of injured tissue, and the integration of the neurological, endocrine, and immune systems. Several studies have investigated the possible connection between IL-17 A and ASD as well as the severity of behavioral symptoms, but few of them included IL-22. OBJECTIVES To measure serum levels of interleukin (IL)-17 A and IL-22 in children with ASD and to investigate their association with disease severity. METHODS This pilot study was performed on 24 children with ASD and 24 matched controls. Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) assessed ASD severity, and serum levels of IL-17 A and IL-22 were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS In ASD patients, serum levels of IL-17 A and IL-22 showed a significant increase compared to controls (p-values < 0.001). We compared serum levels of IL-17 A and IL-22 according to the severity categories by CARS and could not find any significant differences (p-values > 0.05). Only IL-22 had a significant positive correlation with ASD severity by CARS scores. CONCLUSIONS Raised serum levels of IL-17 A and IL-22 are associated with ASD; only IL-22, not IL-17 A, is correlated with ASD severity. This finding proposes IL-22 as a possible future effective target for ASD treatment. To fully comprehend the significance of these cytokines in ASD and their possible effects on ASD diagnosis and treatment, more research on a wider scale is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina E Sallam
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Gehan A Mostafa
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Allergy, and Immunology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reham M El-Hossiny
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Neuropsychiatric Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara I Taha
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Zimmermann J, Nitsch L, Krauthausen M, Müller M. IL-17A Facilitates Entry of Autoreactive T-Cells and Granulocytes into the CNS During EAE. Neuromolecular Med 2023; 25:350-359. [PMID: 36857006 PMCID: PMC10514131 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-023-08739-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-17A plays a crucial role in multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases. Although the link between IL-17 and disease activity has been clearly demonstrated, the precise function of this cytokine remains elusive. Here, we investigated the function of astrocyte-targeted IL-17A production in GF/IL-17 transgenic mice during EAE. In particular, IL-17A is important during disease induction. In mice with transgenic IL-17A production, disease occurs earlier and peak disease is more severe, whereas remission is unimpaired. IL-17A synthesis is associated with increased infiltration of granulocytes into the CNS and microglial activation. Moreover, IL-17A synthesis allows induction of MOG-EAE without the additional administration of the co-adjuvant pertussis toxin. Examination of double transgenic GF/IL-17 2D2 mice revealed that, in addition, local IL-17A production facilitates spontaneous infiltration of immune cells into the CNS in mice expressing a MOG-specific T-cell receptor. Overall, we provide evidence for a crucial effect of IL-17A in the induction phase of EAE, facilitating the infiltration of granulocytes and autoreactive T-cells into the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Zimmermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Louisa Nitsch
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marius Krauthausen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcus Müller
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
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Moriguchi K, Nakamura Y, Park AM, Sato F, Kuwahara M, Khadka S, Omura S, Ahmad I, Kusunoki S, Tsunoda I. Anti-Glycolipid Antibody Examination in Five EAE Models and Theiler's Virus Model of Multiple Sclerosis: Detection of Anti-GM1, GM3, GM4, and Sulfatide Antibodies in Relapsing-Remitting EAE. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12937. [PMID: 37629117 PMCID: PMC10454742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-glycolipid antibodies have been reported to play pathogenic roles in peripheral inflammatory neuropathies, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome. On the other hand, the role in multiple sclerosis (MS), inflammatory demyelinating disease in the central nervous system (CNS), is largely unknown, although the presence of anti-glycolipid antibodies was reported to differ among MS patients with relapsing-remitting (RR), primary progressive (PP), and secondary progressive (SP) disease courses. We investigated whether the induction of anti-glycolipid antibodies could differ among experimental MS models with distinct clinical courses, depending on induction methods. Using three mouse strains, SJL/J, C57BL/6, and A.SW mice, we induced five distinct experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) models with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35-55, MOG92-106, or myelin proteolipid protein (PLP)139-151, with or without an additional adjuvant curdlan injection. We also induced a viral model of MS, using Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV). Each MS model had an RR, SP, PP, hyperacute, or chronic clinical course. Using the sera from the MS models, we quantified antibodies against 11 glycolipids: GM1, GM2, GM3, GM4, GD3, galactocerebroside, GD1a, GD1b, GT1b, GQ1b, and sulfatide. Among the MS models, we detected significant increases in four anti-glycolipid antibodies, GM1, GM3, GM4, and sulfatide, in PLP139-151-induced EAE with an RR disease course. We also tested cellular immune responses to the glycolipids and found CD1d-independent lymphoproliferative responses only to sulfatide with decreased interleukin (IL)-10 production. Although these results implied that anti-glycolipid antibodies might play a role in remissions or relapses in RR-EAE, their functional roles need to be determined by mechanistic experiments, such as injections of monoclonal anti-glycolipid antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Moriguchi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama City 589-8511, Osaka, Japan; (K.M.); (Y.N.); (A.-M.P.); (F.S.); (S.K.); (S.O.); (I.A.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Japan Self Defense Forces Hanshin Hospital, Kawanishi City 666-0024, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yumina Nakamura
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama City 589-8511, Osaka, Japan; (K.M.); (Y.N.); (A.-M.P.); (F.S.); (S.K.); (S.O.); (I.A.)
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashiosaka City 577-8502, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ah-Mee Park
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama City 589-8511, Osaka, Japan; (K.M.); (Y.N.); (A.-M.P.); (F.S.); (S.K.); (S.O.); (I.A.)
- Department of Arts and Science, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama City 589-8511, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Sato
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama City 589-8511, Osaka, Japan; (K.M.); (Y.N.); (A.-M.P.); (F.S.); (S.K.); (S.O.); (I.A.)
| | - Motoi Kuwahara
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama City 589-8511, Osaka, Japan; (M.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Sundar Khadka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama City 589-8511, Osaka, Japan; (K.M.); (Y.N.); (A.-M.P.); (F.S.); (S.K.); (S.O.); (I.A.)
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Seiichi Omura
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama City 589-8511, Osaka, Japan; (K.M.); (Y.N.); (A.-M.P.); (F.S.); (S.K.); (S.O.); (I.A.)
| | - Ijaz Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama City 589-8511, Osaka, Japan; (K.M.); (Y.N.); (A.-M.P.); (F.S.); (S.K.); (S.O.); (I.A.)
| | - Susumu Kusunoki
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama City 589-8511, Osaka, Japan; (M.K.); (S.K.)
- Japan Community Health care Organization (JCHO) Headquarters, Minato City 108-8583, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuo Tsunoda
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama City 589-8511, Osaka, Japan; (K.M.); (Y.N.); (A.-M.P.); (F.S.); (S.K.); (S.O.); (I.A.)
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Agalioti T, Cortesi F, Gagliani N. T H17 cell immune adaptation. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 83:102333. [PMID: 37172412 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
At mucosal barriers, the T helper 17 (TH17) cell population plays a fundamental role in controlling tissue homeostasis. The adaptability of this population to a more pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory function - that is, their functional plasticity and consequently heterogeneity - primarily depends on the environment. We would like to term this process environmental immune adaptation. Interfering with TH17 cell adaptation leads to pathological consequences, including development of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases or even cancer. Several molecular mechanisms have been shown to participate in this process and recently, a better understanding of the transcriptional and metabolic profiling of TH17 cells has shed light on a new level of complexity. Here, we offer a summary on the role of TH17 cell plasticity in inflammatory diseases and cancer as well as the latest discoveries and controversies regarding the mechanisms that control the adaptability of the TH17 cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Agalioti
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Filippo Cortesi
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Ahmad SF, Ansari MA, Nadeem A, Bakheet SA, Al-Mazroua HA, Alomar HA, Al-Hamamah MA, Attia SM. S3I-201, a selective stat3 inhibitor, ameliorates clinical symptoms in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through the regulation of multiple intracellular signalling in Th1, Th17, and treg cells. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 73:104658. [PMID: 36989705 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells, specifically Th cells (Th1 and Th17) and regulatory T cells (Tregs), play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), a demyelinating autoimmune disease of the CNS. STAT3 inhibitors are potential therapeutic targets for several immune disorders. In this study, we investigated the role of a well-known STAT3 inhibitor, S3I-201, in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of MS. Following induction of EAE, mice were intraperitoneally administered S3I-201 (10 mg/kg) each day, beginning on day 14 and continuing till day 35 and were evaluated for clinical signs. Flow cytometry was used to investigate further the effect of S3I-201 on Th1 (IFN-γ, STAT1, pSTAT1, and T-bet), Th17 (IL-17A, STAT3, pSTAT3, and RORγt), and regulatory T cells (Treg, IL-10, TGF-β1, and FoxP3) expressed in splenic CD4+ T cells. Moreover, we analyzed the effects of S3I-201 on mRNA and protein expression of IFN-γ, T-bet, IL-17A, STAT1, STAT3, pSTAT1, pSTAT3, RORγ, IL-10, TGF-β1, and FoxP3 in the brains of EAE mice. The severity of clinical scores decreased in S3I-201-treated EAE mice compared to vehicle-treated EAE mice. S3I-201 treatment significantly decreased CD4+IFN-γ+, CD4+STAT1+, CD4+pSTAT1+, CD4+T-bet+, CD4+IL-17A+, CD4+STAT3+, CD4+pSTAT3+, and CD4+RORγt+ and increased CD4+IL-10+, CD4+TGF-β1+, and CD4+FoxP3+ in the spleens of EAE mice. Additionally, S3I-201 administration in EAE mice significantly decreased the mRNA and protein expression of Th1 and Th17 and increased those of Treg. These results suggest that S3I-201 may have novel therapeutic potential against MS.
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9
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Kanno T, Nakajima T, Miyako K, Endo Y. Lipid metabolism in Th17 cell function. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 245:108411. [PMID: 37037407 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Among the subset of T helper cells, Th17 cells are known to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune disorders, such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, steroid-resistant asthma, and multiple sclerosis. The master transcription factor retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt), a nuclear hormone receptor, plays a vital role in inducing Th17-cell differentiation. Recent findings suggest that metabolic control is critical for Th17-cell differentiation, particularly through the engagement of de novo lipid biosynthesis. Inhibition of lipid biosynthesis, either through the use of pharmacological inhibitors or by the deficiency of related enzymes in CD4+ T cells, results in significant suppression of Th17-cell differentiation. Mechanistic studies indicate that metabolic fluxes through both the fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthetic pathways are essential for controlling RORγt activity through the generation of a lipid ligand of RORγt. This review highlights recent findings that underscore the significant role of lipid metabolism in the differentiation and function of Th17 cells, as well as elucidating the distinctive molecular pathways that drive the activation of RORγt by cellular lipid metabolism. We further elaborate on a pioneering therapeutic approach for ameliorating autoimmune disorders via the inhibition of RORγt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Kanno
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakajima
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Keisuke Miyako
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Yusuke Endo
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan.
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Proinflammatory IL-17 levels in serum/cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurodegenerative diseases: a meta-analysis study. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:577-588. [PMID: 36504126 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02357-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
IL-17 is one of the major proinflammatory cytokine implicated in the pathophysiology of various chronic inflammatory diseases. However, a clear association between the levels of IL-17 and various neurodegenerative diseases is inconclusive due to lack of consistent results reported in several studies. Therefore, we designed and performed a meta-analysis study to assess the levels of IL-17 cytokine in various neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this meta-analysis study was to assess the level of IL-17 in cerebrospinal fluid/serum of the patients with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. An extensive search was performed on electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar to find out the relevant studies for analysis. The quality of selected studies was assessed by Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cohort and case control studies. The standardized mean difference of level of IL-17 in patients with neurodegenerative diseases and control was calculated using RevMan 5 software. A significant increase in the level of serum IL-17 was found to in the patients with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (p = 0.001) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (p = 0.009), whereas IL-17 level in serum of Parkinson's disease (p = 0.22), multiple sclerosis (p = 0.09), and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of MS patients (p = 0.34) was not found to be significant. IL-17 may be involved in regulation of neuronal inflammation during the pathogenesis of these neurodegenerative disease, and its specific inhibition could be a potential therapeutic target.
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11
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Li H, Zeng Y, Luo S, Li Z, Huang F, Liu Z. GPX4 aggravates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by inhibiting the functions of CD4 + T cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 642:57-65. [PMID: 36565564 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common autoimmunity disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that mostly happens in young adults. The chronic clinical features of MS include inflammatory demyelination, infiltration of immune cells, and secretion of inflammatory cytokines, which have been proved to be associated with CD4+ T cells. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered programmed cell death mediated by the massive lipid peroxidation and more sensitive to CD4+ T cells. However, the effect of ferroptosis of CD4+ T cells on the occurrence and progression of MS retains unclear. Here, the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model was used to investigate the role of GPX4, a leading inhibitor of ferroptosis, which plays in the function of CD4+ T cells. Our results showed that GPX4 was highly expressed in CD4+ T cells of MS patients based on existing databases. Strikingly, conditional knockout of GPX4 in CD4cre mice (cKO mice) significantly alleviated the average symptom scores and immunopathology of EAE. The infiltration of immune cells, including CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells, and the generation of GM-CSF, TNF-α, and IL-17A, were remarkably reduced in the CNS from cKO mice compared with WT mice. These findings further revealed the vital role of GPX4 in the expansion and function of CD4+ T cells. Moreover, GPX4-deficient CD4+ T cells were susceptible to ferroptosis in EAE model. Overall, this study provided novel insights into therapeutic strategies targeting GPX4 in CD4+ T cells for inhibiting CNS inflammation and treating MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishan Li
- Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yingying Zeng
- Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shunchang Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
| | - Zonghua Liu
- Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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12
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Schnell A, Littman DR, Kuchroo VK. T H17 cell heterogeneity and its role in tissue inflammation. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:19-29. [PMID: 36596896 PMCID: PMC10795475 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01387-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Since their discovery almost two decades ago, interleukin-17-producing CD4+ T cells (TH17 cells) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. In addition, TH17 cells have been found to play an important role in tissue homeostasis, especially in the intestinal mucosa. Recently, the use of single-cell technologies, along with fate mapping and various mutant mouse models, has led to substantial progress in the understanding of TH17 cell heterogeneity in tissues and of TH17 cell plasticity leading to alternative T cell states and differing functions. In this Review, we discuss the heterogeneity of TH17 cells and the role of this heterogeneity in diverse functions of TH17 cells from homeostasis to tissue inflammation. In addition, we discuss TH17 cell plasticity and its incorporation into the current understanding of T cell subsets and alternative views on the role of TH17 cells in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schnell
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dan R Littman
- Department of Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Vijay K Kuchroo
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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13
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Gastrointestinal Tract, Microbiota and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and the Link Between Gut Microbiota and CNS. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:38. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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14
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Knizkova D, Pribikova M, Draberova H, Semberova T, Trivic T, Synackova A, Ujevic A, Stefanovic J, Drobek A, Huranova M, Niederlova V, Tsyklauri O, Neuwirth A, Tureckova J, Stepanek O, Draber P. CMTM4 is a subunit of the IL-17 receptor and mediates autoimmune pathology. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:1644-1652. [PMID: 36271145 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01325-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is a key mediator of protective immunity to yeast and bacterial infections but also drives the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases, such as psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis. Here we show that the tetra-transmembrane protein CMTM4 is a subunit of the IL-17 receptor (IL-17R). CMTM4 constitutively associated with IL-17R subunit C to mediate its stability, glycosylation and plasma membrane localization. Both mouse and human cell lines deficient in CMTM4 were largely unresponsive to IL-17A, due to their inability to assemble the IL-17R signaling complex. Accordingly, CMTM4-deficient mice had a severe defect in the recruitment of immune cells following IL-17A administration and were largely resistant to experimental psoriasis, but not to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Collectively, our data identified CMTM4 as an essential component of IL-17R and a potential therapeutic target for treating IL-17-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Knizkova
- Laboratory of Immunity & Cell Communication, BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Pribikova
- Laboratory of Immunity & Cell Communication, BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Draberova
- Laboratory of Immunity & Cell Communication, BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Semberova
- Laboratory of Immunity & Cell Communication, BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Tijana Trivic
- Laboratory of Immunity & Cell Communication, BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Alzbeta Synackova
- Laboratory of Immunity & Cell Communication, BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Ujevic
- Laboratory of Immunity & Cell Communication, BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Stefanovic
- Laboratory of Immunity & Cell Communication, BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Drobek
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Huranova
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Niederlova
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Oksana Tsyklauri
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Neuwirth
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jolana Tureckova
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics and Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Stepanek
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Peter Draber
- Laboratory of Immunity & Cell Communication, BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic. .,Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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15
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Thomas AM, Yang E, Smith MD, Chu C, Calabresi PA, Glunde K, van Zijl PCM, Bulte JWM. CEST MRI and MALDI imaging reveal metabolic alterations in the cervical lymph nodes of EAE mice. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:130. [PMID: 35659311 PMCID: PMC9164344 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02493-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease, wherein aberrant immune cells target myelin-ensheathed nerves. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be performed to monitor damage to the central nervous system that results from previous inflammation; however, these imaging biomarkers are not necessarily indicative of active, progressive stages of the disease. The immune cells responsible for MS are first activated and sensitized to myelin in lymph nodes (LNs). Here, we present a new strategy for monitoring active disease activity in MS, chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI of LNs. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied the potential utility of conventional (T2-weighted) and CEST MRI to monitor changes in these LNs during disease progression in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. We found CEST signal changes corresponded temporally with disease activity. CEST signals at the 3.2 ppm frequency during the active stage of EAE correlated significantly with the cellular (flow cytometry) and metabolic (mass spectrometry imaging) composition of the LNs, as well as immune cell infiltration into brain and spinal cord tissue. Correlating primary metabolites as identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging included alanine, lactate, leucine, malate, and phenylalanine. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we demonstrate the utility of CEST MRI signal changes in superficial cervical LNs as a complementary imaging biomarker for monitoring disease activity in MS. CEST MRI biomarkers corresponded to disease activity, correlated with immune activation (surface markers, antigen-stimulated proliferation), and correlated with LN metabolite levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline M Thomas
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, 21205, Baltimore, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ethan Yang
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, 21205, Baltimore, USA
| | - Matthew D Smith
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chengyan Chu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, 21205, Baltimore, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter A Calabresi
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristine Glunde
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, 21205, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter C M van Zijl
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, 21205, Baltimore, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeff W M Bulte
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, 21205, Baltimore, USA.
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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16
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Salari AA, Jand Y, Ghazi-Khansari M. Antibiotic treatment during pregnancy and lactation in dams exacerbates clinical symptoms and inflammatory responses in offspring with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2022; 366:577840. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Hong S, Niu M, Meng D, Li A, Dong Q, Zhang J, Tian X, Lu S, Wang Y. High-density lipoprotein reduces microglia activation and protects against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 105:108566. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Lv J, Han M, Xiang Z, Gong R, Shi C, Hua Q, Zhang R, Du C. Chlorzoxazone Alleviates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis via Inhibiting IL-6 Secretion of Dendritic Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:1545-1553. [PMID: 35277421 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating autoimmune disease with chronic inflammatory demyelination of the CNS. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an important animal model to study MS, with many pathological phenomena similar to MS. Th17 cells are important regulators of EAE and MS pathogenesis. Most cytokines needed for Th cell development are secreted by APCs, such as dendritic cells (DCs). Consequently, MS could be improved by inhibiting cytokine secretion from DCs. In this study, we reported that chlorzoxazone could ameliorate EAE pathogenesis via inhibiting IL-6 production by DCs. The EAE signs in the chlorzoxazone-treated group of mice were relieved, which was mainly manifested as lower clinical scores, a decrease in the number of immune cells, and a reduction of demyelination in the CNS. Moreover, the proportion of Th17 cells in the spleen and CNS decreased significantly. In vitro experiments showed that chlorzoxazone treatment significantly reduced DC-derived IL-6 production. In the DC-T cell coculture experiment, significantly decreased Th17 differentiation was observed after chlorzoxazone treatment. In addition, mass spectrometric analysis was performed to elucidate the mechanism by which chlorzoxazone affected EAE and DC function. We showed that the effect of chlorzoxazone on inhibiting the secretion of IL-6 by DCs may be mediated via the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway. Overall, our study elucidated the key role of chlorzoxazone in regulating EAE pathogenesis and suggested that it might be used as a new drug for MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lv
- Putuo People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyao Han
- Putuo People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenglong Xiang
- Putuo People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Gong
- Putuo People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changjie Shi
- Putuo People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuhong Hua
- Putuo People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Putuo People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changsheng Du
- Putuo People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Sato F, Nakamura Y, Katsuki A, Khadka S, Ahmad I, Omura S, Martinez NE, Tsunoda I. Curdlan, a Microbial β-Glucan, Has Contrasting Effects on Autoimmune and Viral Models of Multiple Sclerosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:805302. [PMID: 35198458 PMCID: PMC8859099 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.805302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease characterized by inflammatory demyelination and axonal degeneration in the central nervous system (CNS). Bacterial and fungal infections have been associated with the development of MS; microbial components that are present in several microbes could contribute to MS pathogenesis. Among such components, curdlan is a microbial 1,3-β-glucan that can stimulate dendritic cells, and enhances T helper (Th) 17 responses. We determined whether curdlan administration could affect two animal models for MS: an autoimmune model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and a viral model, Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV)-induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD). We induced relapsing-remitting EAE by sensitizing SJL/J mice with the myelin proteolipid protein (PLP)139-151 peptide and found that curdlan treatment prior to PLP sensitization converted the clinical course of EAE into hyperacute EAE, in which the mice developed a progressive motor paralysis and died within 2 weeks. Curdlan-treated EAE mice had massive infiltration of T cells and neutrophils in the CNS with higher levels of Th17 and Th1 responses, compared with the control EAE mice. On the other hand, in TMEV-IDD, we found that curdlan treatment reduced the clinical scores and axonal degeneration without changes in inflammation or viral persistence in the CNS. In summary, although curdlan administration exacerbated the autoimmune MS model by enhancing inflammatory demyelination, it suppressed the viral MS model with reduced axonal degeneration. Therefore, microbial infections may play contrasting roles in MS depending on its etiology: autoimmunity versus viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumitaka Sato
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Louisiana State University Health-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Yumina Nakamura
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Aoshi Katsuki
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sundar Khadka
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ijaz Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seiichi Omura
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Louisiana State University Health-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Nicholas E. Martinez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Louisiana State University Health-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Ikuo Tsunoda
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Louisiana State University Health-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
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20
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Sahu U, Khare P. Role of interleukin-17 in human papillomavirus infection and associated malignancies. Microb Pathog 2021; 161:105294. [PMID: 34798279 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus infection is among the leading viral infections in the world, causing severe mortality and morbidity. The virus mainly targets the female genital tract-cervix, vulva, anus but it is also reported to infect the lungs and oropharyngeal region of the body. The host immune response plays a vital role in the persistence of viral infection. Interleukin 17 (IL-17) is mainly secreted by Th17 cells and mediates the immune response that enhances the disease severity in HPV infection. IL-17 is reported to promote lesions and tumour progression by creating a hyperinflammatory condition leading to cancer. The current minireview summarizes the pathogenic role of IL-17 in HPV infection and HPV-induced malignancies. Further study on IL-17 associated pathology of HPV infection would be useful in developing therapeutic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsha Sahu
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Prashant Khare
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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21
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with an unknown etiology. Thereby, MS is not a uniform disease but rather represents a spectrum of disorders, where each aspect needs to be modeled with specific requirements-for a systematic overview see our previous issue of this review (Kurschus, Wortge, & Waisman, 2011). However, there is broad consensus about the critical involvement of the immune system in the disease pathogenesis. To better understand how the immune system contributes to CNS autoimmunity, the model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was developed. EAE can be induced in susceptible animals in many different ways, with the most popular protocol involving the activation of self-reactive T cells by a peptide based on the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein sequence. In the last 10 years this model has led to major advances in our understanding of the immune system, especially the nature of IL-17-producing T cells (Th17 cells), host-microbiome interactions, the gut-brain axis and how the immune system can cause damage in different regions of the brain and the spinal cord. This update summarizes some of the main achievements in the field in the last 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Regen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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22
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The Effect of Cannabis on the Clinical and Cytokine Profiles in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Mult Scler Int 2021; 2021:6611897. [PMID: 33628507 PMCID: PMC7884151 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6611897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple studies have reported that cannabis administration in multiple sclerosis patients is associated with decreased symptom severity. This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of cannabis abuse in multiple sclerosis cases and to evaluate the effect of cannabis on serum cytokines in such cases. Patients and Methods. A total of 150 multiple sclerosis cases along with 150 healthy controls were included during the study period. All cases were subjected to history taking, neurological examination, and routine investigations. Cases were asked about cannabis intake which was confirmed by a urine test. Serum cytokines including IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, IL-22, IFN-γ, IFN-β1, and TNF-α were ordered for all cases and controls. Results Twenty-eight cases were cannabis abusers (MS/cannabis group, 18.67%). The remaining 122 cases represented the MS group. There was no significant difference between the three groups regarding age, disease duration, or MS type. Male gender was more predominant in the MS/cannabis group, and the number of relapses was significantly lower in the same group. Fifteen cases (53.6%) reported that their symptoms were improved by cannabis. Proinflammatory cytokines were significantly elevated in the MS group compared to the MS/cannabis and control groups. Additionally, anti-inflammatory cytokines had significantly lower values in the MS group compared to the MS/cannabis and control groups. Most clinical symptoms were significantly improved in the MS/cannabis group compared to the MS group apart from sexual dysfunction, bladder symptoms, and visual disturbances. Mild side effects of cannabis were also reported. Conclusion Cannabis may have a positive impact on the cytokine and clinical profiles in cases with multiple sclerosis.
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23
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Yang P, Tian H, Zou YR, Chambon P, Ichinose H, Honig G, Diamond B, Kim SJ. Epinephrine Production in Th17 Cells and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:616583. [PMID: 33692790 PMCID: PMC7937652 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.616583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epinephrine is a hormone secreted primarily by medullary cells of the adrenal glands which regulates permeability of blood–brain barrier (BBB). Recent studies showed signaling by epinephrine/epinephrine receptor in T cells is involved in autoimmune diseases. Nevertheless, the production of epinephrine by T cells and its pathogenic function in T cells are not well investigated. Our results show that phenylethanol N-methyltransferase (PNMT), a rate-limiting enzyme of epinephrine synthesis, is specifically expressed in vitro in differentiated TH17 cells and in tissue-resident TH17 cells. Indeed, expression levels of enzymes involved in epinephrine production are higher in TH17 cells from animals after EAE induction. The induction of PNMT was not observed in other effector T cell subsets or regulatory T cells. Epinephrine producing TH17 cells exhibit co-expression of GM-CSF, suggesting they are pathogenic TH17 cells. To delineate the function of epinephrine-production in TH17 cells, we generated a TH17-specific knockout of tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) by breeding a Th-flox and a ROR-gt-CRE mouse (Th-CKO). Th-CKO mice are developmentally normal with an equivalent T lymphocyte number in peripheral lymphoid organs. Th-CKO mice also show an equivalent number of TH17 cells in vivo and following in vitro differentiation. To test whether epinephrine-producing TH17 cells are key for breaching the BBB, migration of T cells through mouse brain endothelial cells was investigated in vitro. Both epi+ wild-type and epi- TH17 cells migrate through an endothelial cell barrier. Mice were immunized with MOG peptide to induce experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) and disease progression was monitored. Although there is a reduced infiltration of CD4+ T cells in Th-CKO mice, no difference in clinical score was observed between Th-CKO and wild-type control mice. Increased neutrophils were observed in the central nervous system of Th-CKO mice, suggesting an alternative pathway to EAE progression in the absence of TH17 derived epinephrine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinguang Yang
- Center of Autoimmune and Hematopoietic and Musculoskeletal diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Hong Tian
- Center of Autoimmune and Hematopoietic and Musculoskeletal diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Yong-Rui Zou
- Center of Autoimmune and Hematopoietic and Musculoskeletal diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Pierre Chambon
- Institute for Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Advanced Study of the University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hiroshi Ichinose
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Gerard Honig
- Crohn's & Colitis Foundation, National Headquarters, New York, NY, United States
| | - Betty Diamond
- Center of Autoimmune and Hematopoietic and Musculoskeletal diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Sun Jung Kim
- Center of Autoimmune and Hematopoietic and Musculoskeletal diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
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24
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Regen T, Isaac S, Amorim A, Núñez NG, Hauptmann J, Shanmugavadivu A, Klein M, Sankowski R, Mufazalov IA, Yogev N, Huppert J, Wanke F, Witting M, Grill A, Gálvez EJC, Nikolaev A, Blanfeld M, Prinz I, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Strowig T, Reinhardt C, Prinz M, Bopp T, Becher B, Ubeda C, Waisman A. IL-17 controls central nervous system autoimmunity through the intestinal microbiome. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:6/56/eaaz6563. [PMID: 33547052 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aaz6563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-17A- (IL-17A) and IL-17F-producing CD4+ T helper cells (TH17 cells) are implicated in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). TH17 cells also orchestrate leukocyte invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) and subsequent tissue damage. However, the role of IL-17A and IL-17F as effector cytokines is still confused with the encephalitogenic function of the cells that produce these cytokines, namely, TH17 cells, fueling a long-standing debate in the neuroimmunology field. Here, we demonstrated that mice deficient for IL-17A/F lose their susceptibility to EAE, which correlated with an altered composition of their gut microbiota. However, loss of IL-17A/F in TH cells did not diminish their encephalitogenic capacity. Reconstitution of a wild-type-like intestinal microbiota or reintroduction of IL-17A specifically into the gut epithelium of IL-17A/F-deficient mice reestablished their susceptibility to EAE. Thus, our data demonstrated that IL-17A and IL-17F are not encephalitogenic mediators but rather modulators of intestinal homeostasis that indirectly alter CNS-directed autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Regen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sandrine Isaac
- Department of Genomics and Health, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Amorim
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Judith Hauptmann
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Arthi Shanmugavadivu
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Klein
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Roman Sankowski
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Berta-Ottenstein-Program for Clinician Scientists, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ilgiz A Mufazalov
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nir Yogev
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jula Huppert
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Florian Wanke
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Witting
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany.,Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Grill
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eric J C Gálvez
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alexei Nikolaev
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michaela Blanfeld
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany.,Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Till Strowig
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christoph Reinhardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Signaling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for NeuroModulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Bopp
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carles Ubeda
- Department of Genomics and Health, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain.,Center of Biomedical Research Network (CIBER), Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany. .,Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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25
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Moon J, Lee SH, Lee SY, Ryu J, Jhun J, Choi J, Kim GN, Roh S, Park SH, Cho ML. GRIM-19 Ameliorates Multiple Sclerosis in a Mouse Model of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis with Reciprocal Regulation of IFNγ/Th1 and IL-17A/Th17 Cells. Immune Netw 2020; 20:e40. [PMID: 33163248 PMCID: PMC7609166 DOI: 10.4110/in.2020.20.e40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein encoded by the Gene Associated with Retinoid-Interferon-Induced Mortality-19 (GRIM-19) is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and is homologous to the NADH dehydrogenase 1-alpha subcomplex subunit 13 of the electron transport chain. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease that damages the brain and spinal cord. Although both the cause and mechanism of MS progression remain unclear, it is accepted that an immune disorder is involved. We explored whether GRIM-19 ameliorated MS by increasing the levels of inflammatory cytokines and immune cells; we used a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) to this end. Six-to-eight-week-old male C57BL/6, IFNγ-knockout (KO), and GRIM-19 transgenic mice were used; EAE was induced in all strains. A GRIM-19 overexpression vector (GRIM19 OVN) was electrophoretically injected intravenously. The levels of Th1 and Th17 cells were measured via flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemical analysis. IL-17A and IFNγ expression levels were assessed via ELISA and quantitative PCR. IL-17A expression decreased and IFNγ expression increased in EAE mice that received injections of the GRIM19 OVN. GRIM-19 transgenic mice expressed more IFNγ than did wild-type mice; this inhibited EAE development. However, the effect of GRIM-19 overexpression on the EAE of IFNγ-KO mice did not differ from that of the empty vector. GRIM-19 expression was therapeutic for EAE mice, elevating the IFNγ level. GRIM-19 regulated the Th17/Treg cell balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghyeon Moon
- Laboratory of Immune Network, Conversant Research Consortium in Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.,Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Dental Life Science, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Lee
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Seon-Yeong Lee
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Jaeyoon Ryu
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Jooyeon Jhun
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - JeongWon Choi
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Gyoung Nyun Kim
- College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Sangho Roh
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Dental Life Science, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Mi-La Cho
- Laboratory of Immune Network, Conversant Research Consortium in Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.,Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.,Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
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26
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Bing SJ, Silver PB, Jittayasothorn Y, Mattapallil MJ, Chan CC, Horai R, Caspi RR. Autoimmunity to neuroretina in the concurrent absence of IFN-γ and IL-17A is mediated by a GM-CSF-driven eosinophilic inflammation. J Autoimmun 2020; 114:102507. [PMID: 32593472 PMCID: PMC7572578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
IFN-γ and IL-17A can each elicit ocular autoimmunity independently of the other. Since absence of IFN-γ or IL-17A individually failed to abolish pathology of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), we examined EAU development in the absence of both these cytokines. Ifng-/-Il17a-/- mice were fully susceptible to EAU with a characteristic eosinophilic ocular infiltrate, as opposed to a mononuclear infiltrate in WT mice. Retinal pathology in double-deficient mice was ameliorated when eosinophils were genetically absent or their migration was blocked, supporting a pathogenic role for eosinophils in EAU in the concurrent absence of IFN-γ and IL-17A. In EAU-challenged Ifng-/-Il17a-/- mice, ocular infiltrates contained increased GM-CSF-producing CD4+ T cells, and supernatants of retinal antigen-stimulated splenocytes contained enhanced levels of GM-CSF that contributed to activation and migration of eosinophils in vitro. Systemic or local blockade of GM-CSF ameliorated EAU in Ifng-/-Il17a-/- mice, reduced eosinophil peroxidase levels in the eye and in the serum and decreased eosinophil infiltration to the eye. These results support the interpretation that, in the concurrent absence of IFN-γ and IL-17A, GM-CSF takes on a major role as an inflammatory effector cytokine and drives an eosinophil-dominant pathology. Our findings may impact therapeutic strategies aiming to target IFN-γ and IL-17A in autoimmune uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Jin Bing
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Phyllis B Silver
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yingyos Jittayasothorn
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mary J Mattapallil
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Chi-Chao Chan
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Reiko Horai
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Rachel R Caspi
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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27
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Yang EJ, Song KS. The ameliorative effects of capsidiol isolated from elicited Capsicum annuum on mouse splenocyte immune responses and neuroinflammation. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1597-1608. [PMID: 33124100 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Capsidiol, is an anti-fungal phytoalexin produced by plants of Solanaceae. Capsidiol was examined in cultures of primary splenocytes (SPLCs) isolated from healthy C57BL/6 mice and from those with induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a mouse model for autoimmune neurodegenerative multiple sclerosis (MS). We also examined the impact of capsidiol in IFN-γ-stimulated mouse BV2 microglial cells. Capsidiol resulted in a significant reduction in the anti-CD3/CD28 (αCD3/CD28)-induced IFN-γ+ CD4+ (Th1) and IFN-γ+ CD8+ (Tc1) populations as well as in the production of cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-6, IL-2, TNF-α, and IP-10). Specifically, the CD4+ and CD8+ populations (T-bet+ IFN-γ- , T-bet+ IFN-γ+ , and T-bet- IFN-γ+ ) and cytokine production mediated by Th1/Tc1 polarization were diminished by 25 μM capsidiol. MOG35-55 restimulation of SPLCs from EAE mice resulted in an increase in antigen-specific T cells, including Th1, IL-17A+ CD4+ (Th17), and IL-17A+ CD8+ (Tc17) populations. By contrast, capsidiol resulted in a decrease in the proportions of Th17 and Tc17 cells; MOG35-55 -specific cytokine production was also diminished by capsidiol. Capsidiol treatment resulted in diminished levels of IFN-γ-induced nitric oxide and IL-6; expression of iNOS and COX-2 were suppressed by 50 μM capsidiol in IFN-γ-stimulated BV2 cells. This is the first report of capsidiol-mediated immunomodulatory and antineuroinflammatory activities that may serve to prevent neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ju Yang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sik Song
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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28
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Navi Z, Fata A, Jafari Rad M, Mogaddas E, Mahmoudi M, Rastin M, Mousavi Bazaz M, Lavi Arab F, Sahab Negah S, Reza Heidari A. Dicrocoelium ova can block the induction phase of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Parasite Immunol 2020; 42:e12792. [PMID: 32920871 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed at investigating the impact of Dicrocoelium ova on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) treatment in C57BL6 mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-eight C57BL/6 mice were assigned into four groups as PBS, prophylaxis (P), treatment1 (T1) and treatment2 (T2). Prior to induction of EAE in prophylaxis group and on days 7 and 18 in T1 and T2 groups, respectively, Dicrocoelium eggs were injected intraperitoneally to each mouse. The clinical score, weight changes and incidence time of EAE were recorded. IFN-γ and IL-4 expression is quantified on spleen cells. Also, histopathological study by (H&E) and Toluidine-Blue (TB), and Luxol Fast Blue (LFB) were performed. The data were analysed using SPSS version 21. Mean disease scores were significantly lower in P and T1 groups than the PBS group (P = .01). IFN-γ was lower in P and T1 groups than the PBS group. The highest level of IL-4 was observed in T1 group. The total number of neuroglia cells of corpus callosum was similar in all groups, but the density increased in T1 group compared to the PBS group (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS Dicrocoelium eggs have a great potential to stimulate immunomodulation towards treatment of EAE during the initial phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Navi
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abdolmajid Fata
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mozhdeh Jafari Rad
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Immunology and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elham Mogaddas
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Rastin
- Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Mousavi Bazaz
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Lavi Arab
- Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sajad Sahab Negah
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Iran and Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Heidari
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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29
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Sun H, Wang J, Guo L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Wang J, Quan M, Li B. The combined treatment of NAD + and atorvastatin ameliorates the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6 mice. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 350:577429. [PMID: 33176238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating and degenerating disorder of the central nervous system impacting many patients worldwide. Due to the complex pathogenesis of MS, drugs to treat MS often show partial effectiveness. Earlier experiments have demonstrated that both atorvastatin and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) may ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is known as a classical model of MS, via different protective mechanisms. Since combination therapy can exhibit more beneficial effects than monotherapy, we observed the protective effects of combined treatment of atorvastatin and NAD+ in EAE mice. Our results showed that the combined treatment of these two drugs at half of their optimal dosages had synergistic effect to alleviate the severity of EAE in mice than treatment with each alone. The combined treatment of EAE mice with atorvastatin plus NAD+ relieved the clinical signs and histologic changes, increased the proportion of Treg cells, attenuated IL-17 production, reduced proinflammatory cytokine secretion of Th17 cells, and increased cytokine secretion of Treg cells. In addition, the combined treatment also diminished phosphorylation of both P38 MAPK and ERK, while elevated SIRT1 expression. Taken together, these data suggested that combined treatment with NAD+ and atorvastatin could attenuate the progression of EAE by synergistic immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Jueqiong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Jinli Wang
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Moyuan Quan
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China.
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30
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Prolonged residence of an albumin-IL-4 fusion protein in secondary lymphoid organs ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Nat Biomed Eng 2020; 5:387-398. [PMID: 33046864 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-020-00627-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) suppresses the development of multiple sclerosis in a murine model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Here, we show that, in mice with EAE, the accumulation and persistence in the lymph nodes and spleen of a systemically administered serum albumin (SA)-IL-4 fusion protein leads to higher efficacy in preventing disease development than the administration of wild-type IL-4 or of the clinically approved drug fingolimod. We also show that the SA-IL-4 fusion protein prevents immune-cell infiltration in the spinal cord, decreases integrin expression in antigen-specific CD4+ T cells, increases the number of granulocyte-like myeloid-derived suppressor cells (and their expression of programmed-death-ligand-1) in spinal cord-draining lymph nodes and decreases the number of T helper 17 cells, a pathogenic cell population in EAE. In mice with chronic EAE, SA-IL-4 inhibits immune-cell infiltration into the spinal cord and completely abrogates immune responses to myelin antigen in the spleen. The SA-IL-4 fusion protein may be prophylactically and therapeutically advantageous in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
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31
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Esmaeil Amini M, Shomali N, Bakhshi A, Rezaei S, Hemmatzadeh M, Hosseinzadeh R, Eslami S, Babaie F, Aslani S, Torkamandi S, Mohammadi H. Gut microbiome and multiple sclerosis: New insights and perspective. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:107024. [PMID: 33182024 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal microbiota, also known as the gut microbiota living in the human gastrointestinal tract, has been shown to have a significant impact on several human disorders including rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, obesity, and multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is an inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of the spinal cord and nerve cells in the brain due to an attack of immune cells, causing a wide range of harmful symptoms related to inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). Despite extensive studies on MS that have shown that many external and genetic factors are involved in its pathogenesis, the exact role of external factors in the pathophysiology of MS is still unclear. Recent studies on MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of encephalitis, have shown that intestinal microbiota may play a key role in the pathogenesis of MS. Therefore, modification of the intestinal microbiome could be a promising strategy for the future treatment of MS. In this study, the characteristics of intestinal microbiota, the relationship between intestine and brain despite the blood-brain barrier, various factors involved in intestinal microbiota modification, changes in intestinal microbial composition in MS, intestinal microbiome modification strategies, and possible use of intestinal microbiome and factors affecting it have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Esmaeil Amini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Student Research Committee, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Navid Shomali
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arash Bakhshi
- Student Research Committee, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Somaye Rezaei
- Department of Neurology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Maryam Hemmatzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ramin Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solat Eslami
- Dietary Supplements & Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Farhad Babaie
- Department of Medical Genetics and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Saeed Aslani
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Torkamandi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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Metformin as a Potential Agent in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21175957. [PMID: 32825027 PMCID: PMC7503488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21175957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin, a synthetic derivative of guanidine, is commonly used as an oral antidiabetic agent and is considered a multi-vector application agent in the treatment of other inflammatory diseases. Recent studies have confirmed the beneficial effect of metformin on immune cells, with special emphasis on immunological mechanisms. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by various clinical courses. Although the pathophysiology of MS remains unknown, it is most likely a combination of disturbances of the immune system and biochemical pathways with a disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB), and it is strictly related to injury of intracerebral blood vessels. Metformin has properties which are greatly desirable for MS therapy, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory or antiplatelet functions. The latest reports relating to the cardiovascular disease confirm an increased risk of ischemic events in MS patients, which are directly associated with a coagulation cascade and an elevated pro-thrombotic platelet function. Hence, this review examines the potential favourable effects of metformin in the course of MS, its role in preventing inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, as well as its potential antiplatelet role.
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33
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Wagner CA, Roqué PJ, Goverman JM. Pathogenic T cell cytokines in multiple sclerosis. J Exp Med 2020; 217:jem.20190460. [PMID: 31611252 PMCID: PMC7037255 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that is believed to have an autoimmune etiology. As MS is the most common nontraumatic disease that causes disability in young adults, extensive research has been devoted to identifying therapeutic targets. In this review, we discuss the current understanding derived from studies of patients with MS and animal models of how specific cytokines produced by autoreactive CD4 T cells contribute to the pathogenesis of MS. Defining the roles of these cytokines will lead to a better understanding of the potential of cytokine-based therapies for patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pamela J Roqué
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Joan M Goverman
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Zwicky P, Unger S, Becher B. Targeting interleukin-17 in chronic inflammatory disease: A clinical perspective. J Exp Med 2020; 217:jem.20191123. [PMID: 31727781 PMCID: PMC7037236 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many chronic inflammatory diseases share the feature of elevated IL-17 production, therapeutic targeting of IL-17 has vastly different clinical outcomes. Here the authors summarize the recent progress in understanding the protective and pathogenic role of the IL-23/IL-17 axis in preclinical models and human inflammatory diseases. Chronic inflammatory diseases like psoriasis, Crohn’s disease (CD), multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and others are increasingly recognized as disease entities, where dysregulated cytokines contribute substantially to tissue-specific inflammation. A dysregulation in the IL-23/IL-17 axis can lead to inflammation of barrier tissues, whereas its role in internal organ inflammation remains less clear. Here we discuss the most recent developments in targeting IL-17 for the treatment of chronic inflammation in preclinical models and in patients afflicted with chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Zwicky
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Department of Inflammation Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Unger
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Department of Inflammation Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Department of Inflammation Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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35
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Brune Z, Rice MR, Barnes BJ. Potential T Cell-Intrinsic Regulatory Roles for IRF5 via Cytokine Modulation in T Helper Subset Differentiation and Function. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1143. [PMID: 32582209 PMCID: PMC7283537 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 (IRF5) is one of nine members of the IRF family of transcription factors. Although initially discovered as a key regulator of the type I interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokine arm of the innate immune response, IRF5 has now been found to also mediate pathways involved in cell growth and differentiation, apoptosis, metabolic homeostasis and tumor suppression. Hyperactivation of IRF5 has been implicated in numerous autoimmune diseases, chief among them systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease in which patients often share similar characteristics in terms of autoantibody production and strong genetic risk factors, yet also possess unique disease signatures. IRF5 pathogenic alleles contribute one of the strongest risk factors for SLE disease development. Multiple models of murine lupus have shown that loss of Irf5 is protective against disease development. In an attempt to elucidate the regulatory role(s) of IRF5 in driving SLE pathogenesis, labs have begun to examine the function of IRF5 in several immune cell types, including B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. A somewhat untouched area of research on IRF5 is in T cells, even though Irf5 knockout mice were reported to have skewing of T cell subsets from T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 17 (Th17) toward T helper 2 (Th2), indicating a potential role for IRF5 in T cell regulation. However, most studies attributed this T cell phenotype in Irf5 knockout mice to dysregulation of antigen presenting cell function rather than an intrinsic role for IRF5 in T cells. In this review, we offer a different interpretation of the literature. The role of IRF5 in T cells, specifically its control of T cell effector polarization and the resultant T cell-mediated cytokine production, has yet to be elucidated. A strong understanding of the regulatory role(s) of this key transcription factor in T cells is necessary for us to grasp the full picture of the complex pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases like SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarina Brune
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Matthew R. Rice
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Betsy J. Barnes
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Pediatrics, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
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Milovanovic J, Arsenijevic A, Stojanovic B, Kanjevac T, Arsenijevic D, Radosavljevic G, Milovanovic M, Arsenijevic N. Interleukin-17 in Chronic Inflammatory Neurological Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:947. [PMID: 32582147 PMCID: PMC7283538 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical role for IL-17, a cytokine produced by T helper 17 (Th17) cells, has been indicated in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. A positive effect of blockade of IL-17 secreted by autoreactive T cells has been shown in various inflammatory diseases. Several cytokines, whose production is affected by environmental factors, control Th17 differentiation and its maintenance in tissues during chronic inflammation. The roles of IL-17 in the pathogenesis of chronic neuroinflammatory conditions, multiple sclerosis (MS), experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), Alzheimer's disease, and ischemic brain injury are reviewed here. The role of environmental stimuli in Th17 differentiation is also summarized, highlighting the role of viral infection in the regulation of pathogenic T helper cells in EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Milovanovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Histology and Embriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Arsenijevic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Bojana Stojanovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Kanjevac
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dragana Arsenijevic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Gordana Radosavljevic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marija Milovanovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Arsenijevic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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37
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Melero-Jerez C, Alonso-Gómez A, Moñivas E, Lebrón-Galán R, Machín-Díaz I, de Castro F, Clemente D. The proportion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the spleen is related to the severity of the clinical course and tissue damage extent in a murine model of multiple sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 140:104869. [PMID: 32278882 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the second cause of paraplegia among young adults, after all types of CNS traumatic lesions. In its most frequent relapsing-remitting form, the severity of the disease course is very heterogeneous, and its reliable evaluation remains a key issue for clinicians. Myeloid-Derived sSuppressor Cells (MDSCs) are immature myeloid cells that suppress the inflammatory response, a phenomenon related to the resolution or recovery of the clinical symptoms associated with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the most common model for MS. Here, we establish the severity index as a new parameter for the clinical assessment in EAE. It is derived from the relationship between the maximal clinical score and the time elapsed since disease onset. Moreover, we relate this new index with several histopathological hallmarks in EAE and with the peripheral content of MDSCs. Based on this new parameter, we show that the splenic MDSC content is related to the evolution of the clinical course of EAE, ranging from mild to severe. Indeed, when the severity index indicates a severe disease course, EAE mice display more intense lymphocyte infiltration, demyelination and axonal damage. A direct correlation was drawn between the MDSC population in the peripheral immune system, and the preservation of myelin and axons, which was also correlated with T cell apoptosis within the CNS (being these cells the main target for MDSC suppression). The data presented clearly indicated that the severity index is a suitable tool to analyze disease severity in EAE. Moreover, our data suggest a clear relationship between circulating MDSC enrichment and disease outcome, opening new perspectives for the future targeting of this population as an indicator of MS severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Melero-Jerez
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain; Grupo de Neurobiología del Desarrollo-GNDe, Instituto Cajal-CSIC, Avenida Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aitana Alonso-Gómez
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Esther Moñivas
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Rafael Lebrón-Galán
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Isabel Machín-Díaz
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Fernando de Castro
- Grupo de Neurobiología del Desarrollo-GNDe, Instituto Cajal-CSIC, Avenida Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Diego Clemente
- Grupo de Neuroinmuno-Reparación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
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38
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McGinley AM, Sutton CE, Edwards SC, Leane CM, DeCourcey J, Teijeiro A, Hamilton JA, Boon L, Djouder N, Mills KHG. Interleukin-17A Serves a Priming Role in Autoimmunity by Recruiting IL-1β-Producing Myeloid Cells that Promote Pathogenic T Cells. Immunity 2020; 52:342-356.e6. [PMID: 32023490 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is a major mediator of tissue inflammation in many autoimmune diseases. Anti-IL-17A is an effective treatment for psoriasis and is showing promise in clinical trials in multiple sclerosis. In this study, we find that IL-17A-defective mice or mice treated with anti-IL-17A at induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) are resistant to disease and have defective priming of IL-17-secreting γδ T (γδT17) cells and Th17 cells. However, T cells from Il17a-/- mice induce EAE in wild-type mice following in vitro culture with autoantigen, IL-1β, and IL-23. Furthermore, treatment with IL-1β or IL-17A at induction of EAE restores disease in Il17a-/- mice. Importantly, mobilization of IL-1β-producing neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes and activation of γδT17 cells is reduced in Il17a-/- mice. Our findings demonstrate that a key function of IL-17A in central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity is to recruit IL-1β-secreting myeloid cells that prime pathogenic γδT17 and Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife M McGinley
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Caroline E Sutton
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sarah C Edwards
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Charlotte M Leane
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Joseph DeCourcey
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ana Teijeiro
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Growth Factors, Nutrients and Cancer Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, CNIO, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - John A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | | | - Nabil Djouder
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Growth Factors, Nutrients and Cancer Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, CNIO, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Kingston H G Mills
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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39
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Dey I, Bishayi B. Impact of simultaneous neutralization of IL-17A and treatment with recombinant IL-2 on Th17-Treg cell population in S.aureus induced septic arthritis. Microb Pathog 2019; 139:103903. [PMID: 31790794 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of Th17 and Treg in the pathogenesis of septic arthritis is well known. The imbalance of Th17/Treg ratio, especially the skewed CD4+ T cell differentiation towards pathogenic Th17 lineage is a major reason that mediates bone damage through one of its prime cytokine member IL-17A. The neutralization of released IL-17A, as well as exogenous administration of IL-2 at a lower dose, was seen to be potent in dampening the inflammatory response in many cases. Interestingly the effect of IL-17A neutralization to limit IL-17 mediated inflammation and induction of Tregs by the administration of IL-2 has not been studied in experimental arthritis. So in this study, we have treated arthritic mice with IL-17A Ab and recombinant mouse IL-2 either alone or in combination at 3, 9 and 15 days post-infection. We have found a marked decrease in Th17 cell population and their related pro-inflammatory cytokine levels at 15DPI in arthritic mice after IL-17 neutralization. An increased Treg cell population was also observed in mice after application of rIL-2 with a significantly heightened TGF-β level in serum and synovial joints compared to the untreated one. However, in the case of combination therapy of IL-17A Ab and rIL-2 we have observed a beneficial effect in ameliorating the disease outcome as the arthritic index was decreased maximally at 15DPI with a significant reduction of arthritis compared to individual treatment. Overall the inflammatory microenvironment was counterbalanced most effectively in combination treatment by lowering the Th17/Treg ratio and their related cytokines that resulted in reducing the immunopathogenesis of the destructive arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipsita Dey
- Department of Physiology, Immunology laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, Calcutta, West Bengal, India
| | - Biswadev Bishayi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, Calcutta, West Bengal, India.
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40
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Larosa M, Zen M, Gatto M, Jesus D, Zanatta E, Iaccarino L, Inês L, Doria A. IL-12 and IL-23/Th17 axis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:42-51. [PMID: 30664357 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218824547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Our article is focused on emerging pathogenetic pathways in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Notably, IL-12 and IL-23 have been described as emerging cytokines in SLE pathogenesis. We know that IL-23 stimulates Th17 cells to produce IL-17. We try to point out the importance of IL-23/Th17 axis in SLE and to focus on the interaction between this axis and IL-12. Ustekinumab, a fully human IgG1κ monoclonal antibody directed towards the p40 shared subunit of IL-12 and IL-23, has been recently investigated in SLE, suggesting a potential novel therapeutic strategy in SLE. To our knowledge, there are no reviews which simultaneously focus on IL-12 an IL-23/Th17 axis in SLE. Thus, we believe our work will be of interest to the readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Larosa
- 1 Department of Medicine-DIMED, Division of Rheumatology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Margherita Zen
- 1 Department of Medicine-DIMED, Division of Rheumatology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Mariele Gatto
- 1 Department of Medicine-DIMED, Division of Rheumatology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Diogo Jesus
- 2 Rheumatology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elisabetta Zanatta
- 1 Department of Medicine-DIMED, Division of Rheumatology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Iaccarino
- 1 Department of Medicine-DIMED, Division of Rheumatology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Luis Inês
- 2 Rheumatology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal.,3 Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.,4 Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Andrea Doria
- 1 Department of Medicine-DIMED, Division of Rheumatology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
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41
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Lunin SM, Khrenov MO, Glushkova OV, Parfenyuk SB, Novoselova TV, Novoselova EG. Immune response in the relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice: The role of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Cell Immunol 2018; 336:20-27. [PMID: 30553438 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Characteristics of the mouse model of relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (rEAE) closely resemble manifestations of multiple sclerosis in humans. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms of inflammatory response, focusing on NF-κB pathway activation. Cytokine response in rEAE mice was multiphasic: the early phase was characterized by the increase in interferon-γ level in plasma. In the later stage, the level of interleukin-17, but not of interferon-γ, was increased. The early phase of rEAE was also accompanied by increased RelA/p65 phosphorylation at Ser276 in spleen cells, whereas the rEAE maintenance phase was characterized by RelA/p65 phosphorylation at Ser536 and IKK phosphorylation. The IKKα/β inhibitor reduced interleukin-17 and interferon-γ levels in plasma and alleviated rEAE symptoms. The IKKα/β inhibitor decreased IKK and p65(Ser536) phosphorylation, but doubled p65(Ser276) phosphorylation in rEAE mice. The increased RelA/p65(Ser276) phosphorylation coincided in time with the production of interferon-γ, Hsp72, and the early phase of IL-17 generation, whereas increased RelA/p65(Ser536) phosphorylation coincided with the activation of IKK, SAPK/JNK, and p53, as well as the late phase of IL-17 production, indicating the role of the RelA/p65 phosphorylation events in the induction and maintenance of rEAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Lunin
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia.
| | - M O Khrenov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - O V Glushkova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - S B Parfenyuk
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - T V Novoselova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - E G Novoselova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
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42
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Glatigny S, Bettelli E. Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) as Animal Models of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018; 8:cshperspect.a028977. [PMID: 29311122 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a028977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifocal demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) leading to the progressive destruction of the myelin sheath surrounding axons. It can present with variable clinical and pathological manifestations, which might reflect the involvement of distinct pathogenic processes. Although the mechanisms leading to the development of the disease are not fully understood, numerous evidences indicate that MS is an autoimmune disease, the initiation and progression of which are dependent on an autoimmune response against myelin antigens. In addition, genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers likely contribute to the initiation of the disease. At this time, there is no cure for MS, but several disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) are available to control and slow down disease progression. A good number of these DMTs were identified and tested using animal models of MS referred to as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In this review, we will recapitulate the characteristics of EAE models and discuss how they help shed light on MS pathogenesis and help test new treatments for MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Glatigny
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98101.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Estelle Bettelli
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98101.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109
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43
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Wang K, Song F, Fernandez-Escobar A, Luo G, Wang JH, Sun Y. The Properties of Cytokines in Multiple Sclerosis: Pros and Cons. Am J Med Sci 2018; 356:552-560. [PMID: 30447707 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system and is characterized by demyelination, axonal loss, gliosis and inflammation. The last plays a major role in the onset and propagation of the disease. MS presents with heterogeneous lesions containing a broad range of cells and soluble mediators of the immune system such as T cells, B cells, macrophages, microglia, cytokines, chemokines, antibodies, complement and other toxic substances. This review outlines, analyzes and discusses the different immune mechanisms of MS that are responsible for the initiation and propagation of active lesions, demyelination, axonal injury, remyelination and cell loss as well as the role of cytokines in the disease process. Proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-17 (IL-17), IL-22, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1, IL-12 and interferon-γ may cause MS through several signaling pathways. Conversely, anti-inflammatory circulating cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-10 are reduced and theoretically can exert a direct protective effect in this condition. Future studies are necessary to develop effective, safe and long-lasting strategies to reduce the abnormal cytokine cascades and to treat MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Song
- Qingdao University Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | | | - Gang Luo
- Department of Interventional Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Hui Wang
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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44
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Cummings M, Arumanayagam ACS, Zhao P, Kannanganat S, Stuve O, Karandikar NJ, Eagar TN. Presenilin1 regulates Th1 and Th17 effector responses but is not required for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200752. [PMID: 30089166 PMCID: PMC6082653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) where pathology is thought to be regulated by autoreactive T cells of the Th1 and Th17 phenotype. In this study we sought to understand the functions of Presenilin 1 (PSEN1) in regulating T cell effector responses in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) murine model of MS. PSEN1 is the catalytic subunit of γ-secretase a multimolecular protease that mediates intramembranous proteolysis. γ-secretase is known to regulate several pathways of immune importance. Here we examine the effects of disrupting PSEN1 functions on EAE and T effector differentiation using small molecule inhibitors of γ-secretase (GSI) and T cell-specific conditional knockout mice (PSEN1 cKO). Surprisingly, blocking PSEN1 function by GSI treatment or PSEN1 cKO had little effect on the development or course of MOG35-55-induced EAE. In vivo GSI administration reduced the number of myelin antigen-specific T cells and suppressed Th1 and Th17 differentiation following immunization. In vitro, GSI treatment inhibited Th1 differentiation in neutral but not IL-12 polarizing conditions. Th17 differentiation was also suppressed by the presence of GSI in all conditions and GSI-treated Th17 T cells failed to induce EAE following adoptive transfer. PSEN cKO T cells showed reduced Th1 and Th17 differentiation. We conclude that γ-secretase and PSEN1-dependent signals are involved in T effector responses in vivo and potently regulate T effector differentiation in vitro, however, they are dispensable for EAE.
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MESH Headings
- Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases/metabolism
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Dibenzazepines/pharmacology
- Dibenzazepines/therapeutic use
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Female
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism
- Interleukin-17/metabolism
- Interleukin-2/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/metabolism
- Presenilin-1/deficiency
- Presenilin-1/genetics
- Th1 Cells/drug effects
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Th17 Cells/drug effects
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Cummings
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | | | - Picheng Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Sunil Kannanganat
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Olaf Stuve
- Neurology Section, VA North Texas Health Care System, Medical Service, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Nitin J. Karandikar
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Todd N. Eagar
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States of America
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45
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Webb K, Osorio M. Neutropenia as a Complication of Tumefactive Demyelinating Disease: A Case Report. PM R 2018; 10:877-879. [PMID: 29330070 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumefactive demyelination is an aggressive, localized, generally solitary area of demyelination that often mimics a neoplasm. We present a case of a 13-year-old female patient who presented with sudden-onset progressive hemiplegia and hemianopsia. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed tumefactive demyelination with partial rim of enhancement. During inpatient rehabilitation, she developed myalgias, rash, and abdominal and mouth pain with evidence for severe neutropenia. The neutropenia was determined to be a secondary complication of the tumefactive disease process. This scenario may be concerning in an inpatient rehabilitation setting, as patients share common areas, increasing the risk of acquired infection while neutropenic. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kali Webb
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Box 356490, Room BB938, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195.,Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington/Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
| | - Marisa Osorio
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Box 356490, Room BB938, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195.,Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington/Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
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46
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Abstract
The microbiome can be defined as the sum of the microbial and host's genome. Recent information regarding this complex organ suggests that in animal models of multiple sclerosis (MS), the composition of the gut microbiome can be altered, giving rise to both the effector and regulatory phases of central nervous system (CNS) demyelination. Experimental findings during the past decade in animal models of MS have provided clear evidence for the significant role of gut microbes in both the effector and regulatory phase of this condition. There is mounting evidence in preliminary human studies suggesting that a dysbiotic MS gut microbiome could affect disease progression. We propose considering the gut microbiome as a key organ for the regulation of tolerance mechanisms and speculate that the gut microbiome is the major environmental risk factor for CNS demyelinating disease. Accordingly, we hypothesize that intervention of the gut microbiome could result in safer novel therapeutic strategies to treat MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trevor O Kirby
- Department of Biology, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, Washington 99004
| | - Lloyd H Kasper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756
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47
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Wang L, Li B, Quan MY, Li L, Chen Y, Tan GJ, Zhang J, Liu XP, Guo L. Mechanism of oxidative stress p38MAPK-SGK1 signaling axis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Oncotarget 2018; 8:42808-42816. [PMID: 28467798 PMCID: PMC5522107 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS), a complex disease associated with multifocal demyelination of the central nervous system and poorly understood etiology. It has been previously indicated that many factors, including oxidative stress and p38MAPK-SGK1 pathway, contribute to the pathogenesis of MS. Methods This study, using an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model system, was aimed at investigating the molecular mechanisms determining interaction p38MAPK-SGK1 pathway and oxidative stress in MS pathogenesis. C57BL/6 mice was immunized with MOG35-55 peptide for EAE induction, which was followed by determination of the effect of treatment with classic p38 inhibitor SB203580 and antioxidant tempol on the development and progression of EAE. Results Our experiments showed a dynamic change of immune inflammation, oxidative stress and p38MAPK-SGK1 pathway involvement in EAE demonstrating that p38MAPK-SGK1 pathway and oxidative stress contribute to the demyelination in central nerve system caused by Th17 inflammatory responses in a synergistic way. The administration of SB203580 and Tempol both markedly suppressed the progression of EAE. Furthermore, tempol showed a strong inhibiting effect to the p38MAPK-SGK1 pathway similar to SB203580 suggesting that oxidative stress exacerbates EAE via the activation of p38MAPK-SGK1 pathway. Conclusion Cumulatively, our results show that oxidative stress p38MAPK-SGK1 signaling pathway may be a central player in EAE and even in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China.,Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China.,Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Mo-Yuan Quan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China.,Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, Hebei 100088, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Guo-Jun Tan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China.,Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China.,Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China.,Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
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48
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Wang L, Li L, Quan MY, Wang D, Jia Z, Li ZF, Li B, Guo L, Tan GJ. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid can suppress progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. IUBMB Life 2018; 70:432-436. [PMID: 29637686 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a poorly understood disease mechanistically. MOG35-55 peptide induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a broadly used model to study MS. Using this model we have earlier shown that the antioxidant tempol or the small molecule inhibitor of p38 SB203580 can effectively prevent EAE progression. This effect was mediated by means of regulating immune inflammation, signaling by the p38MAPK-SGK1 pathway, and oxidative stress. However, there is a need to test drugs that can be used in pharmacological intervention of EAE. Given that nordihydroguaiaretic Acid (NDGA) has been shown to possess anti-oxidant activity and capacity of antagonizing autoimmune inflammation, we tested the effect of NDGA in ameliorating EAE in the current study. NDGA showed significant beneficial effect against EAE with both anti-inflammation and antioxidant activity. NDGA could weaken the immune inflammation at least partly by inhibiting the oxidant stress-p38MAPK-SGK1 pathway representing a target for putative pharmacological intervention. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(5):432-436, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China.,Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Neurology, TongRen Hospital of Capital medical University, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Mo-Yuan Quan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China.,Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China.,Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Zhen Jia
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China.,Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Zhen-Fei Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China.,Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China.,Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China.,Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Guo-Jun Tan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China.,Key Laboratory of Hebei Neurology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
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49
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Smith PA, Schmid C, Zurbruegg S, Jivkov M, Doelemeyer A, Theil D, Dubost V, Beckmann N. Fingolimod inhibits brain atrophy and promotes brain-derived neurotrophic factor in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2018. [PMID: 29530550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Longitudinal brain atrophy quantification is a critical efficacy measurement in multiple sclerosis (MS) clinical trials and the determination of No Evidence of Disease Activity (NEDA). Utilising fingolimod as a clinically validated therapy we evaluated the use of repeated brain tissue volume measures during chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a new preclinical efficacy measure. Brain volume changes were quantified using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 7 Tesla and correlated to treatment-induced brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) measured in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, spinal cord and brain. Serial brain MRI measurements revealed slow progressive brain volume loss in vehicle treated EAE mice despite a stable clinical score. Fingolimod (1 mg/kg) significantly ameliorated brain tissue atrophy in the cerebellum and striatum when administered from established EAE disease onwards. Fingolimod-dependent tissue preservation was associated with induction of BDNF specifically within the brain and co-localized with neuronal soma. In contrast, therapeutic teriflunomide (3 mg/kg) treatment failed to inhibit CNS autoimmune mediated brain degeneration. Finally, weekly anti-IL-17A antibody (15 mg/kg) treatment was highly efficacious and preserved whole brain, cerebellum and striatum volume. Fingolimod-mediated BDNF increases within the CNS may contribute to limiting progressive tissue loss during chronic neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Smith
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Cindy Schmid
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Stefan Zurbruegg
- Neurosciences, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Magali Jivkov
- Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Arno Doelemeyer
- Musculoskeletal Diseases, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Diethilde Theil
- Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Valérie Dubost
- Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Nicolau Beckmann
- Musculoskeletal Diseases, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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50
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Chimenti MS, Perricone C, Novelli L, Caso F, Costa L, Bogdanos D, Conigliaro P, Triggianese P, Ciccacci C, Borgiani P, Perricone R. Interaction between microbiome and host genetics in psoriatic arthritis. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:276-283. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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